Marwan ibn al-Hakam (623–685) (Arabic: مروان بن الحكم‎) was the fourth Umayyad Caliph, who took over the dynasty after Muawiya II abdicated in 684. Marwan's ascension pointed to a shift in the lineage of the Umayyad dynasty from descendants of Abu Sufyan to those of Hakam, both of whom were grandsons of Umayya (for whom the Umayyad dynasty is named). Hakam uncle of Uthman ibn Affan.

During the "Battle of the Camel" Marwan ibn al-Hakam is said to have shot his general Talhah with an arrow to the thigh, resulting in his death. Marwan killed Talhah in revenge for his alleged betrayal of the third Caliph, Uthman. He was removed from this position by Ali, only to be reappointed by Muawiya I. Marwan was eventually removed from the city when Abdullah ibn Zubayr rebelled against Yazid I. From here, Marwan went to Damascus, where he was made the caliph after Muawiya II abdicated.

Marwan's short reign was marked by a civil war among the Umayyads as well as a war against Abdullah ibn Zubayr who continued to rule over the Hejaz, Iraq, Egypt and parts of Syria. Marwan was able to win the Umayyad civil war, the result of which was a new Marwanid line of Umayyad caliphs. He was also able to recapture Egypt and Syria from Abdullah, but was not able to completely defeat him. Shi'a hold that none of the Umayyad caliphs were legitimate. See Succession to Muhammad for more details.

References[link]

External links[link]

• http://www.dartabligh.org/books/ebooks/Role_vol1/page139.asp

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Marwan Khoury (Arabic: مروان خوري‎) (February 3, 1968) is a Lebanese singer, writer, composer and music arranger. His compositions are performed by some of the most famous artists in the Arab World and adapted by many other countries including Turkey. He composed hits for leading artists such as Majida El Roumi, Saber Rabai, Nawal Al Zoghbi, Assala Nasri, Najwa Karam, Fadl Shaker, Elissa, Carole Samaha, Bassima, and Myriam Fares.

Biography[link]

Marwan Khoury was born in Amchit, Lebanon, he is the third of five children born to Tanyous and Naseema Khoury. He has two older sisters Leena and Mona, and two younger brothers Claude, who works as a TV director, and Dany is a music arranger. In 1986, Khoury enrolled at the Université Saint-Esprit de Kaslik (USEK) in Lebanon where he studied piano, Musicology and Music History. During his university years, he won a prize in a music composition contest. The award was presented to the singer by former Lebanese President Amin Gemayel. In 1988, Khoury produced his first album Kasak Habibi (كاسك حبيبي) depending solely on himself in writing the lyrics, composing the songs, and producing.

Khoury started a new phase in his life in 1989, not as a singer but as a keyboard player and a band conductor. He performed in various TV shows. He continued as a keyboard player until 1996 and played with many famous Lebanese artists. But during that period, Khoury wrote and sang the single, "Fik Yamma Balak" (فيك ياما بالك). It was released in 1994 and established him as a singer. In 1997 he wrote, composed and performed his second single "Lasbor Ala Welah" (لأصبر على ويله). It was not until 1999 that Khoury finally became known in the music industry as a writer/composer. He wrote and composed two hit songs for Nawal Al Zoghbi; "Tia" (تيا) and "Dalouna" (الدّلعونه) Then the year 2001 came along and with it Khoury launched his first official album Khayal El-Omer (خيَّال العمر). The very next year, Khoury shot his first video clip "Ya Shog" (يا شوق).

Khoury has twice been awarded the Murex d'or. He first won in 2003 and then in 2004 he was awarded another Murex d'or for Best Multi-Talented Artist (singer, composer, music video, song and album). Kil Al Asayed (كل القصايد) was one of the best selling albums of 2004.

In 2005, Khoury landed a five-year contract with the major production company Rotana Records. He also released his first major album Kil Al Asayed in May 2005. The album and the title song were successful^[1] and their popularity spread fast. It was this album that made Khoury famous in the Arab World. In 2006 Khoury released an additional album Asr El Sho (قصر الشوق). His third album "Ana Wl Leil" was released on March 2008. Khoury's last album with Rotana Rajain contains 10 tracks and was released in 2010.^[2] In January 2011, he announced that his contract with Rotana has ended and he's heading for self-production.

Marwan Khoury is considered one of the most currently known Lebanese composers, but is also known as a singer. He has performed live at the Cairo Opera House and the Carthage Film Festival of Tunisia

Personal life[link]

Marwan is currently single. Rumors linked him with singer Carole Samaha since the success of their duet Ya Rab but both of them assured the press that both of them are just friends and share the same musical tastes.

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

Singles[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official Marwan Khoury's website
• Marwan Khoury Official Fan Club Du Liban, International Fan Club, and Official Group
• Marwan Khoury's Official Forums