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- 2005 in film
- A1000 road
- A406 road
- A41 road
- Abbey Wood
- Acton, London
- Archway tube station
- Arkley
- Army Cadet Force
- Artsdepot
- Avenue House
- Barking
- Barnes, London
- Barnet
- Barnet Gate
- Barnet Gate Mill
- Barnet Museum
- Barnsbury
- Basing Hill Park
- Battersea
- BBC
- Beckenham
- Bermondsey
- Bethnal Green
- Bexleyheath
- Bittacy Hill Park
- Bloomsbury
- Boulder clay
- Bow, London
- Brent Cross
- Brent Park (Hendon)
- Brent Reservoir
- Brentford
- Brixton
- Brockley
- Bromley
- Brunswick Park
- Burnt Oak
- C. S. Lewis
- Cair Paravel
- Camberwell
- Camden Town
- Canonbury
- Carshalton
- Catford
- Catholic Church
- Census
- Charing Cross
- Charles Dickens
- Charlton, London
- Chelsea, London
- Cherry Tree Wood
- Chess
- Chessington
- Childs Hill
- Childs Hill Park
- Chingford
- Chislehurst
- Chiswick
- Church End, Barnet
- Church of England
- City of London
- City of Westminster
- Clapham
- Clerkenwell
- Cockfosters
- Colindale
- College Farm
- Colney Hatch
- Commonwealth
- Community school
- Coulsdon
- Cricklewood
- Croydon
- Dagenham
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- District
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- Dollis Brook
- Dollis Brook Viaduct
- Downing Street
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- EDF Energy
- Edgware
- Edgware tube station
- Edgwarebury Park
- Edmonton, London
- Edmund Pevensie
- Eltham
- Enfield Town
- England
- England and Wales
- English Reformation
- Eric Aumonier
- Erith
- Feltham
- Finchley
- Finchley Common
- Forest Gate
- Forest Hill, London
- France
- Friary Park
- Friern Barnet
- Fulham
- Germany
- Golders Green
- Golders Hill Park
- Grahame Park
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- Greenhill Gardens
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- Hackney Central
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- Harrow, London
- Harry Beck
- Hendon
- Hendon Park
- Highams Park
- Highbury
- Highgate
- Highwayman
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- History of Finchley
- Holborn
- Holloway, London
- Home Office
- Hook, London
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- Jinja, Uganda
- Judaism
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- Spike Milligan
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- Sternberg Centre
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- Streatham
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- Susan Pevensie
- Sutton, London
- Swan Lane Open Space
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-
A1000 road
The A1000 is a main road in the United Kingdom, running north from Highgate, North London for approximately 20 miles (32 km) to Welwyn where it joins the A1(M) motorway. It incorporates part of the main medieval route out of London, and runs through Finchley, Whetstone, Chipping Barnet and Monken Hadley. After leaving Greater London, it passes through Potters Bar, then it skirts Brookmans Park and Welham Green before entering Hatfield, after the A1001 road has split. It finally runs through Welwyn Garden City before reaching Welwyn. It was formerly known as the Great North Road (and parts of it still bear this name), or A1, but after a bypass was built in the 1920s it became the A1000.
Coordinates: 51°34′56″N 0°09′27″W / 51.5821°N 0.1575°W / 51.5821; -0.1575
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A41 road
The A41 is a major trunk road in England that links London and Birkenhead, although it has now in parts been superseded by motorways. It passes through or near various towns and cities including Watford, Kings Langley, Hemel Hempstead, Aylesbury, Solihull, Birmingham, West Bromwich, Wolverhampton, Newport, Whitchurch, Chester and Ellesmere Port.
It follows part of the line of the old Roman road, Akeman Street and the eighteenth century Sparrows Herne turnpike.
With the opening of the M40 extension in 1990 linking with the M42 near Birmingham, much of the route was downgraded in importance - with the sections between Bicester and the M42 near Solihull being renumbered as the A4141, A4177 and B4100.
The route begins near Marble Arch in London, at the junction with Oxford Street (A40). Here, north-bound traffic uses Gloucester Place, the south-bound uses Baker Street. It becomes a dual-carriageway on Finchley Road, through Swiss Cottage, and along Hendon Way, and intersects with the North Circular Road near Brent Cross shopping centre. The road passes through Hendon and after the junction with the A5150, (close to the Metropolitan Police's police college and the RAF Museum), it runs directly next to the M1. The A41 overlaps the A1 at Five Ways Corner with the section known as Watford Way. It passes through Mill Hill, separating with the A1 at Apex Corner roundabout After crossing the M1, near Elstree, it links the M1 at Junction 4, and then meets the A5 at a roundabout (where the A5 becomes the A5183). The A41 continues next to the M1 into Hertfordshire. This section is known as Elton Way, as far as the roundabout with the B462. The next section is dual-carriageway.
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Abbey Wood
Coordinates: 51°29′11″N 0°06′39″E / 51.4864°N 0.1109°E / 51.4864; 0.1109
Abbey Wood is a district of South-East London, England, located mostly in the Royal Borough of Greenwich, and partly within the London Borough of Bexley. It is situated 9.3 miles (15 km) east of Charing Cross.
The district takes its name from Lesnes Abbey Woods, located to the east.
The Abbey of St Mary and St Thomas the Martyr at Lesnes (or Lesnes Abbey) was founded in 1178 by Richard de Luci, Chief Justiciar of England. The Abbott of Lesnes Abbey was an important local landlord, and took a leading part in draining the marshland. However, this and the cost of maintaining river embankments was one of the reasons given for the Abbey's chronic financial difficulties. It never became a large community, and was closed by Cardinal Wolsey in 1525, under a licence to suppress monasteries of less than seven inmates. It was one of the first monasteries to be closed after the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1524, and the monastic buildings were all pulled down, except for the Abbott's Lodging. Henry Cooke acquired the site in 1541 and it eventually passed to Sir John Hippersley who salvaged building materials, before selling the property to Thomas Hawes of London in 1632. It was then bequeathed to Christ's Hospital in 1633.
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Archway tube station
Archway tube station is a London Underground station in Archway, north London, underneath the Archway Tower, at the intersection of Holloway Road, Highgate Hill, Junction Road and Archway Road.
It is on the High Barnet branch of the Northern Line, between Highgate and Tufnell Park. It is in both Travelcard zones 2 and 3.
Originally named Highgate (although Archway Tavern had been proposed) the Leslie Green designed station opened on 22 June 1907 and faced in Green's standard ox-blood glazed brick. It was opened as one of the northern terminals of what was then the Charing Cross, Euston & Hampstead Railway (CCE&HR).
In 1930 the station was upgraded with escalators to replace the original lifts and the secondary entrance was replaced with a modern design by Charles Holden, virtually identical to one he built at the same time at Hammersmith. Holden's station was replaced in the 1970s.
In 1939, the line was extended to Highgate, and later East Finchley station as part of the New Works Programme. The station was renamed Highgate (Archway) (after the nearby high road bridge over Archway Road), then Archway (Highgate), before becoming simply Archway with the Highgate name being reassigned to the new station constructed beneath the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) surface station of the same name. The layout of the platforms and underground passenger areas still reflect the station's former role as a terminus.
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Arkley
Coordinates: 51°38′52″N 0°13′52″W / 51.6477°N 0.2311°W / 51.6477; -0.2311
Arkley is a village in the London Borough of Barnet. It is located 10.6 miles (17.1 km) north north-west of Charing Cross, and at 482 feet (147 m) above sea level is one of the highest points in London.
It consists of a long village strung out between Barnet and Stirling Corner, roughly centred around the "Gate" pub, and is composed of the ancient hamlets of Barnet Gate, Rowley Green and Arkley hamlet. It is also home to one of the oldest windmills in southern England.
It is thought by some that Hendon Wood Lane was originally a minor Roman road. Certainly the name, 'Grendel's Gate' (now Barnet Gate, and formally known as 'Grims Gate'), is associated with the monster from the Saxon epic, Beowulf. This implies that the place was of modest importance as early as 1005. It may have been a centre of a small but significant community, founded on a woodland economy.
The area is latter referred to in medieval documents as 'Southhaw', and may have pre-dated the settlement at Chipping Barnet. Certainly, Barnet manorial court was held here in the 13th century. Nobody is sure what the 'Ark', part of Arkley means but the 'ley' means a "clearing of some sort". Its earliest appearance is about 1330. By the 16th century, these woods had been cleared, and the subsequent clearing formed common.
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Artsdepot
The artsdepot is a multi-purpose cultural centre located in North Finchley, in the London borough of Barnet. It was officially opened on 23 October 2004 for the enjoyment and development of the arts in North London.
The venue comprises two main theatre spaces, The Pentland Theatre with 395 seats and a Studio Theatre with 158 seats. The building also contains dance and drama studios, a gallery space and a cafe. The programme of performances ranges from theatre, to live music, comedy, dance, visual art, spoken word and children's events.
artsdepot also runs a programme of an educational courses for children and adults. Outreach programmes also include working with local schools, artistic companies, other venues, and festivals.
The artsdepot was initially conceived in 1996 at the Barnet 2000 conference, which addressed what new and improved services the borough’s residents would like to see in Barnet at the new Millennium. What emerged from Barnet 2000 was a need for more professional arts facilities to supplement the facilities at the existing Bull Arts Centre in High Barnet, which was at that time the only professional, if small, arts centre in the borough.
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Avenue House
Avenue House is a large Victorian house (Grade II listed) situated on East End Road in Finchley in the London Borough of Barnet.
Built in 1859 on land formerly known as Temple Croft Field, it was acquired in 1874 by ink magnate Henry Charles Stephens who enlarged and improved the house and grounds with advice from well-known landscape gardener Robert Marnock (1800-1889).
The house and ten acres of grounds are held in trust for the people of Finchley and have been run by the Avenue House Estate Management since 2002. It is also home to the Finchley Society and their archive.
Avenue House is home to the Stephens Collection, a small display and archive of material relating to the Stephens Ink company and Stephens family. It is open 2 pm - 4.30 pm on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday only, is wheelchair-accessible and admission is free. Its first curator was the late Norman Burgess. The current chairman is Peter Marsh.
The Bothy was built as a large walled garden in the shape of a castle sometime in the late 1870s. It is one of, if not the earliest, non-Roman concrete structures in England.
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Barking
Coordinates: 51°32′N 0°05′E / 51.54°N 0.08°E / 51.54; 0.08
Barking is a suburban town in the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham, in East London, England. A retail and commercial centre situated in the west of the borough, it lies 9.1 miles (14.6 km) east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. Barking is an area of regeneration with two main centres of activity, Barking Town Centre and Barking Riverside.
Its name came from Anglo-Saxon Berecingas, meaning either "the settlement of the followers or descendants of a man called Bereca" or "the settlement by the birch trees".
"Barking", in English slang, is short for "barking mad". Barking is sometimes cited as the origin of the phrase. This is attributed to the alleged existence of a medieval insane asylum attached to Barking Abbey. However, the phrase is not medieval, and first appeared only in the 20th century. A more likely derivation is from comparing an insane person to a mad dog.
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Barnet
Coordinates: 51°38′40″N 0°11′59″W / 51.6444°N 0.1997°W / 51.6444; -0.1997
High Barnet or Chipping Barnet is a place in the London Borough of Barnet, North London, England. It is a suburban development built around a twelfth-century settlement and is located 10 miles (16 km) north north-west of Charing Cross. Its name is often abbreviated to Barnet, which is also the name of the London borough of which it forms a part. Chipping Barnet is the name of the Parliamentary constituency covering the local area - the word "Chipping" denotes the presence of a market (one was established here in the thirteenth century and persists to this day).
The town's name derives from an ancient settlement, recorded as Barneto c.1070, Barnet 1197, La Barnette 1248, that is 'the land cleared by burning', from Old English bærnet, referring to the clearing of this once densely forested area in early times.
This was the site of the Battle of Barnet in 1471 (more accurately, Hadley), where Yorkist troops led by King Edward IV killed the rebellious "Kingmaker" Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick and Warwick's brother, John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu. Barnet Hill is said to be the hill mentioned in the nursery rhyme "The Grand Old Duke of York".
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Barnet Gate
Barnet Gate is a small hamlet located on the far outskirts of the London Borough of Barnet, England. It is located in the west hand side of Arkley. It is near to the Stirling Corner junction with the A1. Just to the west is the town of Borehamwood.
Coordinates: 51°38′N 0°14′W / 51.64°N 0.24°W / 51.64; -0.24
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Barnet Museum
Barnet Museum is in the London Borough of Barnet. It has displays on topics including the Battle of Barnet, Barnet Fair and Market. It is a centre for local and family research and its archives, library and reference collection are available for use by members of the public.
The museum was founded in 1938, and it remains in its original home an early Georgian house in the heart of High Barnet. Its collection of objects, photographs, maps, books and documents - donated by local people and organisations - helps to preserve and celebrate Barnet's heritage.
It is a registered charity and is run entirely by volunteers from the Barnet and District Local History Society (originally the Barnet Record Society). The Museum hosts many guided visits for groups and local schools.
The Museum's public opening hours are: Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday 2.30pm to 4.30pm; Saturday 10.30am to 4.00pm and Sunday 2.00pm to 4.00pm. Guided visits are arranged for when the Museum is closed to the public. Admission is free.
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Barnsbury
Coordinates: 51°32′39″N 0°07′02″W / 51.5442°N 0.1171°W / 51.5442; -0.1171
Barnsbury is an area of north London in the London Borough of Islington, in the N1 postal districts.
The name is a corruption of villa de Iseldon Berners (1274), being so called after the Berners family: powerful medieval manorial lords who gained ownership of a large part of Islington after the Norman Conquest. The area of Barnsbury was predominantly rural until the early nineteenth century.
By the end of the 18th century, however, Barnsbury, like other parts of Islington, was being regarded as attractive part-rural suburbs by the comparatively wealthy people wanting to move out of the cramped City of London and industrial Clerkenwell. The area is close to the City, and had strong local trade in its position as the first staging post for travellers making the journey from London to the north, and with considerable agricultural traffic and cattle driving to the nearby Smithfield cattle market in the City.
Pentonville Prison (built 1842) is located within Barnsbury.
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Basing Hill Park
Basing Hill Park is a small public park in Childs Hill in the London Borough of Barnet. Together with the neighbouring Childs Hill Park it is one of Barnet's 'Premier Parks'. It is mainly grassed with scattered trees, a multipurpose tennis court/football pitch and a children's playground.
The area was open fields until the 1920s, when it was developed for housing, and in 1936 the ground was laid out as a park to serve the local people.
There is access from Wayside and Hendon Way.
Coordinates: 51°34′07″N 0°12′22″W / 51.5685°N 0.2060°W / 51.5685; -0.2060
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Battersea
Coordinates: 51°27′50″N 0°10′04″W / 51.46377°N 0.16771°W / 51.46377; -0.16771
Battersea is an area of the London Borough of Wandsworth, England. It is an inner-city district of South London in fare zone 2, situated on the south side of the River Thames, 2.9 miles (4.8 km) south-west of Charing Cross. Battersea spans from Fairfield in the west to Queenstown in the east. Although in modern times it is known mostly for its wealth, Battersea remains characterised by spates of inequality, with infamous and deprived council estates such as the Winstanley estate surrounding more prosperous areas. In 2001, Battersea had a population of 75,651 people.
Historically a part of Surrey, the area takes its name from the old village of Battersea, an island settlement established in the river delta of the Falconbrook; a river that rises in Tooting Bec Common and flows underground through south London to the River Thames. The site of the original settlement is marked by St. Mary's Church. William Blake was married, and Benedict Arnold and his wife and daughter are buried in the crypt of the church. Battersea is mentioned in Anglo-Saxon time as Badrices īeg = "Badric's Island" and later "Patrisey". As with many former Thames island settlements, Battersea was reclaimed by draining marshland and building culverts for streams.
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Beckenham
Coordinates: 51°24′28″N 0°01′19″W / 51.4077°N 0.0220°W / 51.4077; -0.0220
Beckenham is a town in the London Borough of Bromley, England. It is located 8.4 miles (13.5 km) south east of Charing Cross and 1.75 miles (2.8 km) west of Bromley town. Until the coming of the railway in 1857, Beckenham was a small village in the county of Kent with almost completely rural surroundings: once a family of entrepreneurs began the building of villas here, its population soared from 2000 to 26,000 during 1850-1900 and throughout the rest of the century. The current population is nearly 82,000 Today it is very much in London suburbia, although some of the grand houses of the early days remain.
The settlement is referred to as Bacheham in the Domesday Book of 1086, and in the Textus Roffensis as Becceham. The name is thought to derive from Beohha's homestead (Beohhan + ham in Old English). The name of the small stream here - the River Beck - is most likely to have been named after the village.
Population is now 82,300
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Bermondsey
Coordinates: 51°29′55″N 0°04′33″W / 51.4986°N 0.0757°W / 51.4986; -0.0757
Bermondsey (
/ˈbɜrməndziː/) is an area in London on the south bank of the river Thames, and is part of the London Borough of Southwark. To the west lies Southwark, to the east Rotherhithe, and to the south, Walworth and Peckham.
Bermondsey may be understood to mean 'Beornmund's island'; but, while "Beornmund" represents an Old English personal name, identifying an individual once associated with the place, the element "-ey" represents Old English "eg", for "island", "piece of firm land in a fen", or simply a "place by a stream or river". Thus Bermondsey need not have been an island as such in the Anglo-Saxon period, and is as likely to have been a higher, drier spot in an otherwise marshy area. Though Bermondsey's earliest written appearance is in the Domesday Book of 1086, it also appears in a source which, though surviving only in a copy written at Peterborough Abbey in the 12th century, reliably describes earlier events. This is a letter of Pope Constantine (708-715), in which he grants privileges to a monastery at Vermundesei, then in the hands of the abbot of Medeshamstede, as Peterborough was known at the time.
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Bethnal Green
Coordinates: 51°31′39″N 0°03′58″W / 51.5275°N 0.066°W / 51.5275; -0.066
Bethnal Green is a district of the East End of London, England and part of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, with the far northern parts falling within the London Borough of Hackney.[citation needed] Located 3.3 miles (5.3 km) northeast of Charing Cross, it was historically an agrarian hamlet in the ancient parish of Stepney, Middlesex. Following population increases caused by the expansion of London during the 18th century, it was split off as the parish of Bethnal Green in 1743, becoming part of the Metropolis in 1855 and the County of London in 1889. The parish became a metropolitan borough in 1900 and the population peaked in 1901, entering a period of steady decline which lasted until 1981. The economic history of Bethnal Green is characterised by a shift away from agricultural provision for the City of London to market gardening, weaving and light industry, which has now all but disappeared. The quality of the built environment had deteriorated by the turn of the 20th century and was radically reformed by the aerial bombardment of World War II and the subsequent social housing developments. 173 people were killed at a single incident at Bethnal Green tube station in 1943. Bethnal Green has formed part of Greater London since 1965.
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Bexleyheath
Coordinates: 51°27′32″N 0°08′18″E / 51.4589°N 0.1384°E / 51.4589; 0.1384
Bexleyheath is a main suburban district of Southeast London, England, in the London Borough of Bexley. Bexleyheath is located on the border of Inner London and Outer London. It is 12 miles (19.3 km) east south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Until the early 19th century, Bexley Heath comprised an area of scrub-land with few buildings, although Bexley Heath windmill stood at the corner of what is today Erith Road and Mayplace Road. The heath bordered Watling Street. In 1766 Sir John Boyd had Danson House built in parkland (now Danson Park between Bexleyheath and Welling). In 1814 the land to the north of Bexley that would become Bexleyheath became subject to an Enclosure Act. In 1859 architect Philip Webb designed Red House for the artist, reforming designer and socialist William Morris on the western edge of the heath, in the hamlet of Upton — before Upton became largely developed as a London suburb. The National Trust acquired the house in 2003.
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Bittacy Hill Park
Bittacy Hill Park is a small public park in Mill Hill in the London Borough of Barnet at OS Grid TQ2391.
It is a hilly grassed area with mature trees, a children's playground and two free tennis courts.
There is access from Bittacy Hill and Brownsea Walk, and by a footpath from between 27 and 29 Bittacy Rise.
Coordinates: 51°36′40″N 0°12′54″W / 51.611°N 0.215°W / 51.611; -0.215
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Bloomsbury
Coordinates: 51°31′34″N 0°07′04″W / 51.5262°N 0.1178°W / 51.5262; -0.1178
Bloomsbury is an area of central London between Euston Road and Holborn, developed by the Russell family in the 17th and 18th centuries into a fashionable residential area. It is notable for its array of garden squares, literary connections (exemplified by the Bloomsbury Group) and numerous cultural, educational and healthcare institutions. While Bloomsbury was not the first area of London to have acquired a formal square, Bloomsbury Square, laid out in 1660 by Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton as Southampton Square, was the first square to be named as such.
Bloomsbury is home to the University of London's central bodies and departments, including the Senate House Library and School of Advanced Study, and several of its colleges, including University College London, Birkbeck, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the School of Pharmacy and the School of Oriental and African Studies. Numerous healthcare institutions are located in Bloomsbury, including the British Medical Association, Great Ormond Street Hospital, the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College Hospital and the Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine. The British Museum and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art are also located in the area.
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Brent Cross
Coordinates: 51°34′37″N 0°13′08″W / 51.577°N 0.219°W / 51.577; -0.219
Brent Cross is an area of north London, in the London Borough of Barnet. It is located near the A41 Brent Cross Flyover over the A406 North Circular Road. Brent Cross is best known for its shopping centre and the proposed Brent Cross Cricklewood development.
Brent Cross is in the London Borough of Barnet and contains the Brent Cross Shopping Centre. The area takes its name from an old crossroads near the River Brent and is not in the London Borough of Brent (that local authority lies to the west of the nearby A5 Edgware Road). It has no specific boundaries but in general only premises west of the Brent Cross Flyover, east of the M1 motorway and close to the North Circular are described as being in Brent Cross. The River Brent passes through it, flowing from east to west in a man-made channel.
"Brent Cross" was originally the name of a crossroads in the vicinity of the current Brent Cross Flyover. By 1944 the term was being used to describe addresses north of the A406 North Circular Road and west of the A41 Hendon Way and after the eponymous shopping centre was built it was also used to describe business addresses south of the North Circular.
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Brentford
Coordinates: 51°29′10″N 0°18′36″W / 51.4861°N 0.3101°W / 51.4861; -0.3101
Brentford is a suburban town in west London, England, and part of the London Borough of Hounslow. It is located at the confluence of the River Thames and the River Brent, 8 miles (13 km) west-southwest of Charing Cross. Its former ceremonial county was Middlesex.
The name is recorded as Breguntford in 705 in an Anglo-Saxon charter and means 'ford over the River Brent'. The name of the river is Celtic and means 'holy one' and the '-ford' suffix is Old English. The ford was most likely located where the main road crossed the river. New Brentford is recorded as Newe Braynford in 1521 and was previously known as Westbraynford. Old Brentford is recorded as Old Braynford in 1476 and was previously known as Estbraynford.
The settlement pre-dates the Roman occupation of Britain, and thus pre-dates the founding of London itself. Many pre-Roman artifacts have been excavated in and around the area in Brentford known as 'Old England'. Bronze Age pottery and burnt flints have been found in separate sites in Brentford. The quality and quantity of the artefacts suggests that Brentford was a meeting point for pre-Romanic tribes. One well known Iron Age piece from about 100 BC - AD 50 is the Brentford horn-cap - a ceremonial chariot fitting that formed part of local antiquarian Thomas Layton's collection, now held by the Museum of London. The Celtic knot pattern (the 'Brentford Knot') on this item has been copied for use on modern jewellery.
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Brixton
Coordinates: 51°27′47″N 0°06′22″W / 51.463°N 0.106°W / 51.463; -0.106
Brixton is a district in the London Borough of Lambeth in south London, England. It is 3.8 miles (6.1 km) south south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Brixton is mainly residential with a prominent street market and substantial retail sector. It is a multiethnic community, with around 24 percent of its population being of African and Caribbean descent,. It lies within Inner South London and is bordered by Stockwell, Clapham, Streatham, Camberwell, Tulse Hill and Herne Hill. The district houses the main offices of the London Borough of Lambeth.
The name Brixton is thought to originate from Brixistance, meaning the stone of Brixi, a Saxon lord. Brixi is thought to have erected a boundary stone to mark the meeting place of the ancient hundred court of Surrey. The location is unknown but is thought to be at the top of Brixton Hill, at a road known at the time as Bristow or Brixton Causeway, long before any settlement in the area. Brixton marks the rise from the marshes of North Lambeth up to the hills of Upper Norwood and Streatham. At the time the River Effra flowed from its source in Upper Norwood through Herne Hill to Brixton. At Brixton the river was crossed by low bridges for Roman roads to the south coast of Britain, now Brixton Road and Clapham Road. The main roads were connected through a network of medieval country lanes, such as Acre Lane, Coldharbour Lane, Brixton Water Lane and Lyham Road, formerly Black Lane. It was only at the end of the 18th century that villages and settlements formed around Brixton, as the original woodland was gradually reduced until the area was covered in farmland and market gardens known for game and strawberries.
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Brockley
Coordinates: 51°27′10″N 0°02′04″W / 51.4529°N 0.0345°W / 51.4529; -0.0345
Brockley is a district of south London, England, located in the London Borough of Lewisham. It is situated 5 miles (8 km) south-east of Charing Cross.
It is covered by the London postcode districts SE4 and SE14.
The name 'Brockley' is derived from either 'Broca's woodland clearing', or a wood where badgers are seen (broc is the Old English for badger).[citation needed]
The oldest surviving house in the area is the 'Stone House' on Lewisham Way (opposite Lewisham College) built in 1773 by the architect George Gibson the Younger.[citation needed] Most of the area remained agricultural until the mid nineteenth century, the most notable building of the time being the 'Brockley Jack' (since rebuilt), a large Victorian public house which today houses the Brockley Jack Theatre. Brockley Hall (demolished 1931) stood nearby and this area formed the original small hamlet of Brockley. The name Crofton Park was invented by the railway company for its new station and has no historical significance. Brockley market gardens were famous for their enormous Victoria rhubarb which were fertilised by 'night soil' from London. There were orchards too and some ancient fruit trees survive in local gardens. Until the late 19th century a small river flowed northward from Crofton Park and east of Malpas Rd to join the River Thames via Deptford Creek. It is now covered over.
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Bromley
Coordinates: 51°24′25″N 0°01′16″E / 51.4070°N 0.0210°E / 51.4070; 0.0210
Bromley is a large suburban district of south east London, England and the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Bromley. It was historically a market town, and prior to 1963 was in the county of Kent and formed the administrative centre of the Municipal Borough of Bromley. Although technically in London, it is regarded by locals and Londoners alike as in the county of Kent. Its location on a coaching route and the opening of a railway station in 1858 were key to its development and the economic history of Bromley is underpinned by a shift from an agrarian village to commercial and retail hub. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Bromley significantly increased in population and has formed part of Greater London since 1963. It has developed into one of a handful of regionally significant commercial and retail districts outside central London. It is located 9.3 miles (15 km) south east of Charing Cross and is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. Bromley has a number of affluent areas and is regarded as being one of the richest London Boroughs. There are a number of gated communities within the borough, most noticeably Keston Park (in Keston, Orpington), Farnborough Park (Farnborough, Orpington) and Bickley Park (in the affluent areas of Bickley and Chislehurst)
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Brunswick Park
Coordinates: 51°37′N 0°09′W / 51.62°N 0.15°W / 51.62; -0.15
Brunswick Park is a district of the London Borough of Barnet. It is located to the north of New Southgate and to the south of Oakleigh Park.
Within the suburb of Brunswick Park are a recreation ground with sports field and tennis courts, and a small industrial estate. The many surrounding roads include Brunswick Park Road, Brunswick Avenue and Brunswick Crescent. The main entrances to both New Southgate Cemetery and North London Business Park are on Brunswick Park Road. The former, opened in 1861, was previously called the Great Northern Cemetery. A modern housing estate now occupies land once forming part of the cemetery grounds, in the vicinity of the original main entrance.
The business park was previously the site of a large Northern Telecom factory, originally built for Standard Telephones and Cables (STC). Opened in 1922, the factory became a major local landmark and for many years was referred to by its workers and the local population as 'The Standard'. During World War II a German bomb landed on the factory, killing 33 people.
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Burnt Oak
Coordinates: 51°36′33″N 0°15′32″W / 51.6093°N 0.2588°W / 51.6093; -0.2588
Burnt Oak is a suburb predominantly in the London Borough of Barnet south of Edgware.
The name Burnt Oak was first used in 1754 and from then until the 1850s referred to no more than a field on the eastern side of the Edgware Road (Watling Street). Nor is there evidence that the name implies anything except that the field had once contained a burnt oak tree. In May 1844 Burnt Oak field was sold to a Mr Essex, and by the 1860s plans were in place to build three residential streets: North Street, East Street, and South Street. The application of the field name to the area seems to have followed from this new estate and was in use by the end of the 19th century.
There were a handful of shops by the 1890s. There was a post office and grocery run by George and William Plumb, a bakery run by Caller & Poole, as well as James Huggett the greengrocer. A tramway along the Edgware Road to Cricklewood opened in 1905, but the population remained small, by 1921 still only around 1,000.
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Camberwell
Coordinates: 51°28′25″N 0°05′28″W / 51.4736°N 0.0912°W / 51.4736; -0.0912
Camberwell is a district of south London, England, and forms part of the London Borough of Southwark. It is a built-up inner city district located 2.7 miles (4.3 km) southeast of Charing Cross. To the west it has a boundary with the London Borough of Lambeth.
Camberwell appears in Domesday Book as Cambrewelle. The name may derive from the old English Cumberwell or Comberwell, meaning 'Well of the Britons', referring to remaining Celtic inhabitants of an area dominated by Anglo-Saxons. An alternative theory suggests the name may mean 'Cripple Well', and that the settlement developed as a hamlet where people from the City of London were expelled when they had life threatening diseases like leprosy, for treatment by the church and the clean, healing waters from the wells. Springs and wells are known to have existed on the southern slope of Denmark Hill, especially around Grove Park.
It was already a substantial settlement with a church when mentioned in the Domesday Book, and was the parish church for a large area including Dulwich and Peckham. It was held by Haimo the Sheriff (of Kent). Its domesday assets were: 6 hides and 1 virgate; 1 church, 8 ploughs, 63 acres (250,000 m2) of meadow, woodland worth 60 hogs. It rendered £14. Up to the mid-nineteenth century, Camberwell was visited by Londoners for its rural tranquillity and the reputed healing properties of its mineral springs. Like much of inner South London, Camberwell was transformed by the arrival of the railways in the 1860s.
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Camden Town
Coordinates: 51°32′28″N 0°08′36″W / 51.541°N 0.1433°W / 51.541; -0.1433
Camden Town is a district of Inner London in northwest London, England, and the central neighbourhood of the London Borough of Camden. It is located 2.4 miles (3.9 km) north-northwest of Charing Cross and is one of the 35 major centres identified in the London Plan. It was laid out as a residential district from 1791 and was originally part of the manor of Kentish Town and the parish of St Pancras, Middlesex. The town became an important location during the early development of the railways and is also located on the London canal network. Its industrial heritage has made way for retail, tourism and entertainment, including a number of internationally renowned markets and music venues that are strongly associated with alternative culture.
Camden Town is named after Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden. His earldom was styled after his estate, Camden Place near Chislehurst in Kent (now in the London Borough of Bromley), formerly owned by historian William Camden. The name, which appears on the Ordnance Survey map of 1822, was later applied to the early 20th century Camden Town Group of artists and the London borough of Camden, created in 1965.
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Canonbury
Coordinates: 51°32′37″N 0°05′18″W / 51.5437°N 0.0883°W / 51.5437; -0.0883
Canonbury is a residential district in the London Borough of Islington in the north of London. It is roughly in the area between Essex Road, Upper Street and Cross Street and either side of St Paul's Road. In 1253 land in the area was granted to the Canons of St Bartholomew’s Priory, Smithfield and became known as Canonbury. The area continued predominantly as open land until it was developed as a suburb in the early 19th century. In common with similar inner London areas, it suffered decline when the construction of railways in the 1860s enabled commuting into the city from further afield. The gentrification of the area from the 1950s included new developments to replace war-damaged properties in Canonbury Park North and South as well as restoration of older buildings.
East Canonbury is the south-eastern corner of the district, bordering on the Regents Canal. Parts of this area were transferred to the district from the London Borough of Hackney in a boundary adjustment (along the line of the northern tow-path of the canal), in 1993.
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Carshalton
Coordinates: 51°21′55″N 0°10′03″W / 51.3652°N 0.1676°W / 51.3652; -0.1676
Carshalton (pronounced /kɑːˈʃɔːltən/, kah-SHAWLT-ən, used to be also /keɪsˈhɔːtən/, kays-HAWT-ən) is a suburban area of the London Borough of Sutton, England. It is located 10 miles (16.1 km) south-southwest of Charing Cross, situated in the valley of the River Wandle, one of the sources of which is Carshalton Ponds in the centre of the village. The combined population of the five wards comprising Carshalton was 45,525 at the 2001 census. It is in the UK Parliamentary constituency of Carshalton and Wallington.
To the south of the area now known as Carshalton, remains of artefacts dating from the Neolithic to the Iron Age have been found, suggesting that this was an early place of habitation. Prior to the Norman Conquest it is recorded that there were five manors in this location owned by five freemen.
The village lay within the Anglo-Saxon administrative division of Wallington hundred.
Carshalton appears in Domesday Book as Aultone. It was held by Goisfrid (Geoffrey) de Mandeville. Its domesday assets were: 3½ hides; 1 church, 10 ploughs, 1 mill worth £1 15s 0d, 22 acres (89,000 m2) of meadow, woodland worth 2 hogs. It rendered £15 10s 0d.
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Catford
Coordinates: 51°26′43″N 0°01′15″W / 51.4452°N 0.0207°W / 51.4452; -0.0207
Catford is a district in south London, England, located in the London Borough of Lewisham. It is situated 6.3 miles (10.1 km) south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
The 1960s and 70s had a considerable impact on the architecture of Catford. The old Town Hall, 'the Catford Cathedral' of 1875, was replaced by the current Civic Suite in 1968, soon after the merger of the metropolitan boroughs of Lewisham and Deptford. Laurence House, where many of the borough's offices are housed, is on the site of old St Laurence's Church (aka the Catford Cathedral). The brutalist Eros House, which replaced the Lewisham Hippodrome (Catford's music hall designed by the famous theatre architect Frank Matcham) in 1960, is now Grade II listed. Architecture critic Ian Nairn praised Eros House as:
In Rushey Green outside Eros House, the old village hand-pump from the 1850s survives. In 1974 the Catford shopping centre was built by the brutalist architect Owen Luder.
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Charing Cross
Coordinates: 51°30′26″N 0°07′39″W / 51.5073°N 0.12755°W / 51.5073; -0.12755
Charing Cross denotes the junction of Strand, Whitehall and Cockspur Street, just south of Trafalgar Square in central London, England. It is named after the now demolished Eleanor cross that stood there, in what was once the hamlet of Charing. The site of the cross is now occupied by an equestrian statue of King Charles I. Since the second half of the 18th century Charing Cross has been seen as the centre of London. It is the primary of the central datum points for measuring distances from London along with the London Stone, Hicks Hall and the doors of St Mary-le-Bow church.
"Erect a rich and stately carved cross, Whereon her statue shall with glory shine; And henceforth see you call it Charing Cross." George Peele The Famous Chronicle of King Edward the First (1593)
The name of the hamlet of Charing is derived from the old English word "cierring", referring to the nearby bend in the River Thames.
The addition of the name "Cross" to the area's name originates from the Eleanor cross erected in 1291–94 by King Edward I as a memorial to his wife, Eleanor of Castile, and placed between the former hamlet of Charing and the entrance to the Royal Mews of the Palace of Whitehall (today the top of Whitehall on the south side of Trafalgar Square).
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Cherry Tree Wood
Cherry Tree Wood is a park and a remnant of ancient woodland (which was known as Finchley Wood) in East Finchley, in the London Borough of Barnet. It is a Local Nature Reserve.
Located next to East Finchley tube station, it is approximately 4.5 hectares in size, and contains woodland, a central grassland, picnic area and tennis and basketball courts. There is also a cafe and a childrens' playground.
Its history may date back to prehistoric times, and the park was part of the hunting grounds of the Bishop of London in the 12th century. It was part of Great Hornsey Park shown on Rocque's map of 1754. It was known as Dirthouse Wood because the night soil and horse manure from London's streets was brought to the Dirthouse, now the White Lion pub next to East Finchley Station, as fertiliser for hay meadows. In 1914 it was purchased by Finchley Council from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners to create a public park.
Until it became a public park, hornbeam trees were cut back every few years to provide wood for charcoal, while oaks were allowed to grow to their full height for timber. Now that coppicing has ceased the hornbeams have grown tall and rangy, and the wood has grown shaded. Wood anemone and other ancient plants can be found in the spring, and nuthatch and great spotted woodpecker are often seen.
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Chessington
Coordinates: 51°21′49″N 0°17′59″W / 51.3635°N 0.2998°W / 51.3635; -0.2998
Chessington is a town in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames in Greater London, England. The Hogsmill River runs through it. Neighbouring settlements include: Tolworth, Ewell, Surbiton, Claygate, Epsom, Oxshott, Leatherhead, Esher, Kingston upon Thames and Worcester Park.
Its name came from Anglo-Saxon Cissan dūn = "hill belonging to [a man named] Cissa".
Chessington appears in Domesday Book as Cisedune and Cisendone. It was held partly by Robert de Wateville and partly by Milo (Miles) Crispin. Its Domesday assets were: 1½ hides; part of a mill worth 2s, 4 ploughs, woodland worth 30 hogs. It rendered £7.
The mansion at Chessington World of Adventures known today as the Burnt Stub was originally built in 1348. In the English Civil War it became a royalist stronghold and was razed to the ground by Oliver Cromwell's Parliamentary forces giving it its modern name. The site became an inn and was then rebuilt on a grander scale from the 18th century by the Vere Barker family in a neo-gothic Victorian style. The grounds were turned into a zoo in 1931 by Reginald Goddard. Chessington Zoo became part of the Tussauds Group in 1978 and is now operated as a theme park. The mansion remain as part of the park as a haunted house called Hocus Pocus Hall.
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Childs Hill
Childs Hill, now the southernmost ward of the London Borough of Barnet, although of historic origin, is a late-19th-century suburban development situated 5 miles (8 km) northwest of Charing Cross bordered by the A41 (Hendon Way) and Dunstan Road, and centred on the junction of Cricklewood Lane and Finchley Road. It is adjacent to a part of Hampstead Heath known as the West Heath.
It is the most densely populated ward in the borough. It is represented on Barnet Council by the Liberal Democrats (current councillors Monroe and Susette Palmer, and Jack Cohen). As part of the Finchley & Golders Green constituency, its Member of Parliament is the Conservative Mike Freer. The area has a thriving Residents' Association, called CLAN (current chairman: Andrew Sanger), representing three residential streets at the heart of the neighbourhood - Crewys, Llanvanor and Nant roads.
The earliest known use of the place name 'Child's Hill' is in 1593. (Today, the apostrophe in the name is optional.) In the 18th century, Childs Hill was a centre for brick and tile making, supplying material for building Hampstead. The Castle Inn dates from this period: the first record of it is in 1751.
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Childs Hill Park
Childs Hill Park is a public park in Childs Hill in the London Borough of Barnet. Together with the neighbouring Basing Hill Park, it is one of Barnet's 'Premier Parks'.
It is a mainly grassed area with two tennis courts, a bowls club, a children's playground, a cafe and toilets. Clitterhouse Brook, a tributary of the River Brent, runs along the southern edge in a concrete pipe which is visible in places.
There is access from Nant Road, Hodford Road and Granville Road.
Childs Hill was probably named after Richard le Child, a local landowner in the fourteenth century. In the late nineteenth century, there was rapid housing development, and in 1891 the land for Childs Hill Park was gifted by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners to the Hendon Local Board, which became Hendon Urban District Council in 1895. Hendon became part of the London Borough of Barnet in 1965.
Coordinates: 51°34′03″N 0°12′03″W / 51.5675°N 0.2009°W / 51.5675; -0.2009
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Chingford
Coordinates: 51°37′52″N 0°00′58″E / 51.631°N 0.016°E / 51.631; 0.016
Chingford is an area of north east London in the London Borough of Waltham Forest. It borders Essex to the north, Woodford Green to the east, Walthamstow to the south and Edmonton to the west. It is situated 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Charing Cross. Landmarks in the west are the William Girling and King George V reservoirs, known together as the Chingford reservoirs, and the River Lea. To the north lies Epping Forest which is in Essex but is maintained by The Corporation of the City of London.
The River Ching runs through the area, and the town of Chingford is close to a number of crossings of that river. However old maps and descriptions give a name for the settlement long before the river has a name and it is likely that the name of the river as "Ching" arose long after the settlement was named. It is also thought that similarly to how Kingston upon Thames appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Chingestone and Chingetun(e), with ching being old English for king, that Chingford could relate to the King's river, and Kings Ford. This idea is compounded by the Queen Elizabeth Hunting Lodge and links to royalty using the area for hunting in centuries gone by.[citation needed] However the most generally accepted explanation by place name genealogists is that the settlement's name comes from an origin of "Shingly Ford" -- that is, a ford over a waterway containing shingles.
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Chislehurst
Coordinates: 51°24′54″N 0°04′44″E / 51.4150°N 0.0789°E / 51.4150; 0.0789
Chislehurst ( /ˈtʃɪzəlˈhɜrst/) is a suburban district in south-east London, England, and an electoral ward of the London Borough of Bromley. It is 10.5 miles (16.9 km) south-east of Charing Cross.
The name "Chislehurst" is derived from the Saxon words cisel 'gravel', and hyrst 'wooded hill'.
Camden Place (now Chislehurst Golf Club) takes its name from the antiquary William Camden, who lived in the former house on the site from c.1609 until his death in 1623. The present house was built shortly before 1717, and was given a number of additions in the late 18th and very early 19th centuries by the architect George Dance the younger. In about 1760, the house and estate were bought by Charles Pratt, the Attorney General, and later Lord Chancellor. Pratt was ennobled in 1765, taking the title Baron Camden, of Camden Place: in 1786 he was created Earl Camden. A later occupant of the house, from 1871 until his death there in 1873, was the exiled French Emperor, Napoleon III. His body and that of the Prince Imperial were originally buried in St Mary's Church, before being removed to St Michael's Abbey, Farnborough. The Emperor's widow, the Empress Eugénie, remained at Camden Place until 1885. There is a memorial to Napoléon Eugène on Chislehurst Common, and the area's connections with the imperial family are found in many road names and in the local telephone code, 467, which in its earlier format corresponded to the letters IMP (for imperial).
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Chiswick
Coordinates: 51°29′33″N 0°15′48″W / 51.4925°N 0.2633°W / 51.4925; -0.2633
Chiswick
i/ˈtʃɪzɨk/ is a large suburb of west London, England and part of the London Borough of Hounslow. It is located on a meander of the River Thames, 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Charing Cross and is one of 35 major centres identified in the London Plan. It was historically an ancient parish in the county of Middlesex, with an agrarian and fishing economy. Having good communications with London from an early time the area became a popular country retreat, and as part of the suburban growth of London in the late 19th and early 20th centuries the population of Chiswick significantly expanded. With neighbouring Brentford, it became a municipal borough in 1932 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965.
The name "Chiswick" is of Old English origin meaning "Cheese Farm" and originates from the riverside meadows and farms that are thought to have supported an annual cheese fair on Dukes Meadows up until the 18th century. Chiswick was first recorded c.1000 as Ceswican.
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City of London
The City of London is an area in central London, England. In the medieval period it constituted most of London, but the conurbation has grown far beyond it. As the City’s boundaries have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages, it is now only a tiny part of the metropolis, though it remains a notable part of central London, holds city status in its own right, and is a separate ceremonial county.
It is often referred to as the City (often written on maps as "City") or the Square Mile, as it is just over one square mile (1.12 sq mi/2.90 km2) in area. These terms are also often used as metonyms for the United Kingdom's financial services industry, which continues a notable history of being based in the City.
The term London now refers to a much larger conurbation roughly corresponding to Greater London, a local government area which includes 32 London boroughs including the City of Westminster as well as the City of London. The local authority for the City, the City of London Corporation, is unique in the United Kingdom, and has some unusual responsibilities for a local authority in Britain, such as being the police authority for the City. It also has responsibilities and ownerships beyond the City's boundaries. The Corporation is headed by the Lord Mayor of the City of London, an office separate from (and much older than) the Mayor of London.
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City of Westminster
The City of Westminsteri/ˈwɛstmɪnstə/ is a London borough occupying much of the central area of London, England, including most of the West End. It is located to the west of and adjoining the ancient City of London, directly to the east of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, and its southern boundary is the River Thames. It is an Inner London borough and was created in 1965 when Greater London was established. At its creation Westminster was awarded city status, which had been previously held by the smaller Metropolitan Borough of Westminster. Aside from a number of large parks and open spaces, the population density of the district is high. Many sites commonly associated with London are located in the borough, including Buckingham Palace, the Houses of Parliament, and 10 Downing Street. The borough is divided into a number of localities including the ancient political district of Westminster around the Palace of Westminster; the shopping areas around Oxford Street, Regent Street, Piccadilly and Bond Street; and the night time entertainment district of Soho. Much of the borough is residential, and in 2008 it was estimated to have a population of 236,000. The local authority is Westminster City Council.
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Clapham
Coordinates: 51°27′48″N 0°08′02″W / 51.46323°N 0.13394°W / 51.46323; -0.13394
Clapham is a district in south west London, England, within the London Borough of Lambeth.
Clapham covers the postcodes of SW4 and parts of SW8, SW9 and SW12. Clapham Common is shared with the London Borough of Wandsworth, although Lambeth has responsibility for running the common as a whole. According to the 2001 census Clapham (and Stockwell) had a joint population of 65,513 inhabitants. Clapham is made up of two wards Clapham Common and Clapham Town and Thornton ward which forms the southern part of Balham. Parts of Clapham also lie within the Brixton ward of Ferndale and the Stockwell ward of Larkhall.
Clapham is well known for its extensive green space Clapham Common, which features three ponds and is overlooked by Victorian mansions, and the village-like atmosphere of its historic Old Town. Clapham is famous[citation needed] as the home of Holy Trinity Clapham the Georgian Church on Clapham Common, from where The Clapham Sect led by William Wilberforce and a group of upper class evangelical Christians campaigned for the abolition of the slave trade in the 19th century. Abbeville or the Village is an affluent district within Clapham lying between Clapham Common South Side and Clarence Avenue and is synonymous with the Clapham Common Ward. The area is centred around small parades of upmarket independent shops and renowned restaurants within a longer otherwise residential road and has a village-like feel.
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Clerkenwell
Coordinates: 51°31′34″N 0°06′13″W / 51.52604°N 0.103475°W / 51.52604; -0.103475
Clerkenwell ( /ˈklɑrkənwɛl/) is an area of central London in the London Borough of Islington. From 1900 to 1965 it was part of the Metropolitan Borough of Finsbury. The well after which it was named was rediscovered in 1924. The watchmaking and watch repairing trades were once of great importance. Clerkenwell was once known as London's "Little Italy" because of the large number of Italians living in the area from the 1850s until the 1960s.
Clerkenwell took its name from the Clerks' Well in Farringdon Lane (clerken was the Middle English genitive plural of clerk, a variant of clerc, meaning literate person or clergyman). In the Middle Ages, the London Parish clerks performed annual mystery plays there, based on biblical themes. Part of the well remains visible, incorporated into a 1980s building called Well Court. It is visible through a window of that building on Farringdon Lane. Access to the well is managed by Islington Local History Centre and visits can be arranged by appointment.
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Cockfosters
Coordinates: 51°39′10″N 0°09′22″W / 51.6527°N 0.1560°W / 51.6527; -0.1560
Cockfosters is a suburb of North London, lying partly in the London Borough of Enfield and partly in the London Borough of Barnet. The counties of Hertfordshire and Middlesex respectively (in which Cockfosters was located pre-1965) are still used in postal addresses.
The name has been recorded as far back as 1524, and is thought to be either the name of a family, or that of a house which stood on Enfield Chase. One suggestion is that it was "the residence of the cock forester (or chief forester)".
Of note in Cockfosters is Trent Park which serves as a country park.
Christ Church, Cockfosters was founded in 1839. The Piccadilly line of the London Underground reached Cockfosters in 1933.
The Cock & Dragon Pub (formerly the Cock), offset from Cockfosters Road on Chalk Lane, opened in 1798.
There are two campuses of Middlesex University nearby:
The Museum of Domestic Design and Architecture is also located on the Cat Hill campus.
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Colindale
Coordinates: 51°35′35″N 0°14′52″W / 51.5930°N 0.2479°W / 51.5930; -0.2479
Colindale is an area in the London Borough of Barnet, although its main shopping street is in the London Borough of Brent on its western side. It is a suburban development, situated 8 miles (12.9 km) north west of Charing Cross.
Formerly in the borough and ancient parish of Hendon, the area was essentially the dale between Mill Hill and The Burroughs. By the middle of the 20th century, it had come to include that part of the Edgware Road between The Hyde and Burnt Oak.
The area is named after a 16th century family of the same name. Until the 20th century, Collindale was without any buildings save for a large house called Collindale Lodge, Collindale Farm and a few cottages (a spelling with two Ls has been used, as on this ordnance survey map printed in 1873). All of these properties were on Collindeep Lane which had in the medieval period been an alternative route out of London (via Hampstead, Golders Green and Hendon) to the Edgware Road. By the end of the 16th century it was not often used as a main road and by the middle part of the 19th century was called Ancient Street.
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College Farm
College Farm, a city farm and visitor attraction, is the last farm in Finchley, London. It is located in Regents Park Road, close to Henlys Corner. In 1868 George Barham, founder of Express Dairies, leased Sheephouse Farm, a property of about 97 acres (390,000 m2) in Finchley. In 1882/83 he had it rebuilt by Fredrick Chancellor as a model dairy farm, renaming it College Farm after the nearby Christ's College Finchley.
By the 1900s the company believed that the farm was not viable as a real farm, so it was decided to adapt it to become a visitor attraction in 1909, buying out the lease on the property of the farm buildings, and retaining a handful of the adjacent fields from the original estate. By the 1930s the residue of the farm was surrounded by houses, and was open to the public, with tea rooms and an exhibition of objects related to the dairy industry. In 1973 the Express Dairy company left the site, and the dairy museum was broken up.
In 1974 the Department of the Environment purchased the estate with the intention of giving it to the London Borough of Barnet in exchange for open land at Henlys Corner needed for a flyover (which was never built). The farm was leased by Chris and Jane Ower, who ran it successfully as a popular local attraction from 1980 until February 2001, when due to the foot and mouth restriction meant the site had to be closed. Chris Ower, with the support of some local residents and friends of the farm, set up the College Farm Trust in 2004 with the intention of re-establishing it as a visitor centre. The Trust now owns the whole site and is currently working hard to raise the funds to reopen to the public. It currently trades as an equestrian and pet store.
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Colney Hatch
Coordinates: 51°36′38″N 0°09′21″W / 51.61054°N 0.15575°W / 51.61054; -0.15575
Colney Hatch ( /ˈkoʊnɪ ˈhætʃ/ is the historical name for a small district within the London Borough of Barnet in London, England. The name Colney Hatch was originally that of a hamlet in the parish of Friern (once spelt Fryern) Barnet, first recorded in the early 15th century. It became well known from the mid-19th century following the building of Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum, which gained such notoriety that the name 'Colney Hatch' came to form part of various terms of abuse associated with the concept of madness.
Colney Hatch could be said to refer to a loosely defined area centred around the northern end of Colney Hatch Lane (B550), which connects Friern Barnet with Muswell Hill, crossing the North Circular Road. The area is predominantly residential with a mixture of Victorian and Edwardian houses as well as much more recent developments.
It forms the meeting point between the London Borough of Barnet and the London Borough of Haringey and includes the location of the former Colney Hatch Asylum on Friern Barnet Road, opened in 1851. The asylum eventually became known as Friern Hospital and was closed down in 1993. The extensive grounds on which Friern Hospital and Halliwick Hospital (its sister institution for day patients) stood have since been redeveloped as two distinct housing estates, Princess Park Manor and Friern Village.
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Coulsdon
Coordinates: 51°19′16″N 0°08′19″W / 51.3211°N 0.1386°W / 51.3211; -0.1386
Coulsdon (/ˈkuːlzdən/, traditionally pronounced 'Colesdon') is a town on the southernmost boundary of the London Borough of Croydon. It is surrounded by the Metropolitan Green Belt of the Farthing Down, Coulsdon Common and Kenley Common. The modern area designated Coulsdon comprises Old Coulsdon, which was the older and first settlement, and Smitham Bottom, which grew substantially with the coming of the railways.
Coulsdon is a small suburban district in South London, England. It has a strong and vibrant local history, which includes Saxon burial mounds and an Iron Age Field System on Farthing Downs, an ancient church recorded in the Domesday book, Marlpit, a former industrial chalk quarry, and the former Cane Hill Mental Hospital (a site currently under development). Appearing in the Domesday Book as Colesdone it boasted one church and rendered £7 to Chertsey Abbey. Its only other Domesday assets were 3½ hide, 7 ploughs, and woodland worth 3 hogs.
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Cricklewood
Coordinates: 51°33′17″N 0°13′03″W / 51.5548°N 0.2176°W / 51.5548; -0.2176
Cricklewood is a district of North London, England whose northeastern part is in the London Borough of Barnet, western part is the London Borough of Brent and southeastern part is in London Borough of Camden.
There was a small settlement at the junction of Cricklewood Lane and the Edgware Road by 1294, which by 1321 was being called Cricklewood. By the 1750s the Crown (rebuilt in 1889), was providing for coach travellers and by the 1800s it had a handful of cottages and Cricklewood House as neighbours, and was known for its “pleasure gardens”. By the 1860s there were a number of substantial villas along the Edgware Road starting with Rockhall Lodge and culminating in Rockhall Terrace.
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Croydon
Coordinates: 51°22′22″N 0°06′36″W / 51.3727°N 0.1099°W / 51.3727; -0.1099
Croydon is a large town in South London, England, located within the London Borough of Croydon to which it gives its name. It is situated 9.5 miles (15.3 km) south of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 11 metropolitan centres in Greater London.
Croydon is located on the natural transport corridor between London and England's south coast, just to the north of two gaps in the North Downs, one followed by the route of the A23 Brighton Road from Purley to Merstham and the other followed by the A22 from Purley to the M25 Godstone interchange.
Historically a part of Surrey, at the time of the Norman conquest of England Croydon had a church, a mill and around 365 inhabitants (as recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086). Croydon expanded during the Middle Ages as a market town and a centre for charcoal production, leather tanning and brewing. The Surrey Iron Railway from Croydon to Wandsworth opened in 1803 and was the world's first public horse-drawn railway, which later developed into an important means of transport – facilitating Croydon's growth as a commuter town for the City of London and beyond. By the early 20th century, Croydon was an important industrial area, known for car manufacture, metal working and its airport. In the mid 20th century these sectors were replaced by retailing and service economy, brought about by massive redevelopment which saw the rise of office blocks and the Whitgift shopping centre. Croydon was amalgamated into Greater London in 1965. Road traffic is now diverted away from a largely pedestrianised town centre, but its main railway station, East Croydon, is still a major hub within the national railway transport system. The town is expected to have its urban planning changed as part of Croydon Vision 2020.
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Dagenham
Coordinates: 51°32′23″N 0°08′32″E / 51.5397°N 0.1422°E / 51.5397; 0.1422
Dagenham is a large suburb in East London, forming the eastern part of the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham and located 12 miles (19.3 km) east of Charing Cross. It was historically an agrarian village in the county of Essex and remained mostly undeveloped until 1921 when the London County Council began construction of the large Becontree estate. The population of the area significantly increased during the 20th century, with the parish of Dagenham becoming an urban district in 1926 and a municipal borough in 1938. It has formed part of Greater London since 1965 and is a predominantly residential area, with some areas of declining industrial activity, including the Ford Dagenham plant. The population is set to rise as the southern part of Dagenham, adjacent to the River Thames, forms part of the London Riverside section of the Thames Gateway redevelopment area.
Dagenham first appeared in a document (as Dæccanhaam) in a charter of Barking Abbey dating from 686 AD. The name almost certainly originated with a small farmstead, the "ham" or farm of a man called Daecca, as Dæccan hamm in Old English means home of a man called Dæcca.
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Deptford
Coordinates: 51°28′41″N 0°01′35″W / 51.4780°N 0.0265°W / 51.4780; -0.0265
Deptford ( /ˈdɛtfəd/) is a district of south London, England, on the south bank of the River Thames. It is named after a ford of the River Ravensbourne, and from the mid 16th to the late 19th century was home to Deptford Dockyard, the first of the Royal Navy Dockyards.
Deptford and the docks are associated with the knighting of Sir Francis Drake by Queen Elizabeth I aboard the Golden Hind, the legend of Sir Walter Raleigh laying down his cape for Elizabeth, Captain James Cook's third voyage aboard Resolution, and the mysterious murder of Christopher Marlowe in a house along Deptford Strand.
Though Deptford began as two small communities, one at the ford, the other a fishing village on The Thames, Deptford's history and population has been mainly associated with the docks established by Henry VIII.
The two communities grew together and flourished while the docks were the main administrative centre of the Royal Navy, and a few grand houses like Sayes Court, home to diarist John Evelyn, and Stone House on Lewisham Way were erected. The area declined as first the Royal Navy moved out and then the commercial docks declined until the last dock, Convoys Wharf, closed in 2000.
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Dollis Brook
Dollis Brook runs through the London Borough of Barnet in North London. It is a tributary of the River Brent, which is itself a tributary of the River Thames. The Dollis Valley Greenwalk follows almost all of Dollis Brook, apart from a short section at the beginning which passes through private land, and the London Loop follows it as far as Barnet Lane. The name Dollis is probably derived from the Middle English word 'dole', meaning the shares of land in the common field.
Upper Dollis Brook between Mill Hill and Woodside Park is a Local Nature Reserve, Borough Grade I, and Lower Dollis Brook between Woodside Park and Hendon (including Brent Park) is a Local Nature Reserve, Borough Grade II.
Dollis Brook rises on Moat Mount Open Space in Mill Hill, and then flows through private land under Hendon Wood Lane. Its course is eastwards through Totteridge Fields, a Site of Metropolitan Importance, and then through fields and open spaces to King George V Playing Fields in Totteridge.
The brook now turns southwards and forms the eastern boundary of Totteridge. It passes through Wyatts Farm Open Space and Brook Farm Open Space to Totteridge Lane near Totteridge and Whetstone tube station, and then continues south through Woodside Park (where it merges with Folly Brook) and West Finchley, before passing under the Dollis Brook Viaduct which carries the Northern Line between Finchley Central and Mill Hill East tube stations. Until 1965 Dollis Brook formed the boundary between the municipal boroughs of Finchley and Hendon.
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Dollis Brook Viaduct
The Dollis Brook Viaduct, also known as the Dollis Road Viaduct, Dollis Viaduct, Mill Hill Viaduct and Finchley Viaduct, is a railway viaduct in Finchley, North London, United Kingdom. It currently carries the London Underground's Northern line from Mill Hill East station to Finchley Central station. It is the highest point on the London Underground above ground level, reaching nearly 60 feet (18 m). It is located on a branch that was formerly part of the Edgware, Highgate and London Railway.
The official name of the viaduct is taken from Dollis Brook which it crosses. The brook was marked on an 1877 Ordnance Survey map and the name may have originated from a farm called Dollis, previously in Hendon. This was earlier named Dalys in 1563, (the) Doles 1574, Dallys 1584 and in its current form of Dollis in 1822. This probably meant "the portions or shares of land (in the common field)", from the Middle English word dole. The name is not thought to be connected with the area of Dollis Hill, further south. Dollis Hill is thought to mean a "hill associated with a family called Dalley".
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Downing Street
Downing Street in London, England has for over two hundred years housed the official residences of two of the most senior British cabinet ministers: the First Lord of the Treasury, an office now synonymous with that of Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and the Second Lord of the Treasury, an office held by the Chancellor of the Exchequer. The Prime Minister's official residence is 10 Downing Street; the Chancellor's official residence is next door at Number 11. The Government's Chief Whip has an official residence at Number 9.
Downing Street is located in Whitehall in central London, a few minutes' walk from the Houses of Parliament and a little farther from Buckingham Palace. The street was built in the 1680s by Sir George Downing (1632–1689) on the site of a mansion called Hampden House. The houses on the west side of the street were demolished in the nineteenth century to make way for government offices, now occupied by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
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Dulwich
Coordinates: 51°26′45″N 0°04′40″W / 51.4457°N 0.0779°W / 51.4457; -0.0779
Dulwich ( /ˈdʌlɨtʃ/) is an area of South London, England. The settlement is mostly in the London Borough of Southwark with parts in the London Borough of Lambeth. Dulwich, consisting of East Dulwich, West Dulwich and Dulwich Village lies in a valley between the neighbouring districts of Camberwell, Crystal Palace, Denmark Hill, Forest Hill, Gipsy Hill, Knights Hill, Herne Hill, Honor Oak, Peckham, Penge, Sydenham Hill, Tulse Hill and West Norwood. Dulwich was in Surrey until 1889, when the County of London was created. The modern western boundary with the neighbouring Borough of Lambeth, Croxted Road, derives its name from a very old pilgrim way, Croke (i.e. crooked) Street. Dulwich is also known as the location of the Dulwich Picture Gallery and Dulwich College.
The first documented evidence of Dulwich is as a hamlet outside London in 967AD, granted by King Edgar to one of his thanes Earl Aelfheah. The name of Dulwich has been spelt in various ways, Dilwihs, Dylways, Dullag, and may come from two old English words, Dill, a white flower, and wihs, meaning a damp meadow, giving a meaning of "the meadow where dill grows".
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Ealing
Coordinates: 51°30′40″N 0°18′21″W / 51.5111°N 0.3058°W / 51.5111; -0.3058
Ealing is a suburban area of west London, England and the administrative centre of the London Borough of Ealing. It is located 7.9 miles (12.7 km) west of Charing Cross and around 12 miles (19.3 km) from the City of London. It is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. It was historically a rural village in the county of Middlesex and formed an ancient parish. Improvement in communications with London, culminating with the opening of the railway station in 1838, shifted the local economy to market garden supply and eventually to suburban development. As part of the growth of London in the 20th century, Ealing significantly expanded and increased in population, becoming a municipal borough in 1901 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. It now forms a significant commercial and retail centre with a developed night time economy.
The Saxon name for Ealing was recorded c.700 as 'Gillingas', meaning 'place of the people associated with Gilla', from the personal name Gilla and the Old English suffix '-ingas', meaning 'people of'. Over the centuries, the name has changed, and has been known as 'Illing', 1130; 'Gilling', 1243; and 'Ylling', 1254, until 'Ealing' became the standard spelling in the 19th century.
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East Barnet
Coordinates: 51°38′05″N 0°09′24″W / 51.6348°N 0.1567°W / 51.6348; -0.1567
East Barnet is an area of North London within the London Borough of Barnet bordered by New Barnet, Cockfosters and Southgate. It is a largely residential suburb whose central area contains shops, public houses, restaurants and services. East Barnet is close to the M25 and the A1 and M1.
From 1894 until 1965 East Barnet formed part of the East Barnet Urban District of Hertfordshire. In 1965, it was transferred from Hertfordshire to Greater London; and its former area was amalgamated with Barnet Urban District, Friern Barnet Urban District, Finchley Borough and Hendon Borough to form the new London Borough of Barnet.
Barnet local elections are held every four years to elect councillors. East Barnet is covered by two wards:
East Barnet Parish Church is therefore actually in Brunswick Park Ward.
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East Finchley
Coordinates: 51°35′25″N 0°10′31″W / 51.59016°N 0.17534°W / 51.59016; -0.17534
East Finchley is a suburb in the London Borough of Barnet, in north London, and situated 5.4 miles (8.7 km) north-west of Charing Cross. Geographically it is somewhat separate from the rest of Finchley, with North Finchley and West Finchley to the north, and Finchley Central to the west.
The land on which East Finchley now stands was once part of the Bishop of London's hunting ground. More recently, it was home to some grand 'country' estates of wealthy Londoners, from which several roads take their names (e.g. Summerlee Avenue, Park Hall Road). The suburb began to be developed in the 1890s.
East Finchley tube station is marked by a well-known statue of an archer by Eric Aumonier in the Art Deco style, and pointing his arrow towards the opening of the tunnel which starts south of the station and runs all the way to the end of the Northern Line at Morden. This 17.3 miles (27.8 km) long tunnel was for many years the longest in the world. There was originally an arrow at Morden Station to match the archer at East Finchley, but this was stolen not long after the station was opened.
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East Ham
Coordinates: 51°31′56″N 0°03′19″E / 51.5323°N 0.0554°E / 51.5323; 0.0554
East Ham is a suburban district of London, England, and part of the London Borough of Newham. It is a built-up district located 8 miles (12.8 km) east-northeast of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
A settlement in the area named Ham is first recorded as Hamme in an Anglo-Saxon charter of 958 and then in the 1086 Domesday Book as Hame. It is formed from Old English 'hamm' and means 'a dry area of land between rivers or marshland', referring the location of the settlement within boundaries formed by the rivers Lea, Thames and Roding and their marshes.
In 1859 East Ham railway station opened and, although in 1863 the area was still being described as a "scattered village" the availability of transport resulted in increasing urbanisation, especially from 1890 onwards. The electric services of the District Railway first served East Ham in 1908.
From 1894 East Ham formed the East Ham Urban District of Essex and was incorporated as a borough on 10 August 1903. As a result of popular pressure East Ham sought and obtained county borough status; becoming, in modern terms, a unitary authority on 1 April 1915 and remaining such until 1965 when it was abolished and its former area was merged with that of the County Borough of West Ham to form the London Borough of Newham.
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Edgware
Coordinates: 51°37′07″N 0°16′22″W / 51.6185°N 0.2729°W / 51.6185; -0.2729
Edgware is an area in London, situated 10 miles (16.1 km) north-northwest of Charing Cross. It forms part of the London Borough of Barnet. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
It is principally a shopping and residential area and is one of the northern termini of the Northern Line. It has a bus garage, a shopping centre called The Broadwalk, a library, a large hospital—Edgware Community Hospital, and two streams—Edgware Brook and Deans Brook, both tributaries of the Silk Stream, which in turn merges with the River Brent at the Welsh Harp (Brent Reservoir).
Edgware was an ancient hamlet in the county of Middlesex. Edgware is a Saxon name meaning Ecgi's weir. Ecgi was a Saxon and the weir relates to a pond where Ecgi's people would catch fish. The Edgware parish formed part of Hendon Rural District from 1894. It was abolished in 1931 and formed part of the Municipal Borough of Hendon until 1965. The Romans made pottery at Brockley Hill, and is thought by some to be the site of Sulloniacis. Canons Park, to the north-west, was developed as an estate by James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos and was the site of his great palace Canons.
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Edgware tube station
Edgware tube station is a London Underground station in Edgware, in the London Borough of Barnet, in North London. The station is the terminus of the Edgware branch of the Northern Line and the next station towards central London is Burnt Oak. Edgware is in Travelcard Zone 5.
The station is in Station Road, Edgware (part of the A5100). This road runs north-east from the High Street (A5), and the station is about 500 metres from the A5 on the right (south-east) side. The building is set back from the road, and there is a circular service road between the building and the road to allow cars to pull in and pick up or set down.
Just to the right of the station, viewed from Station Road, is a road to the bus station and bus garage.
The station was opened on 18 August 1924 as the terminus of the second phase of the Underground Group's extension of the Charing Cross, Euston & Hampstead Railway from Golders Green. It was designed by architect Stanley Heaps. There are three platforms, an island lying east of a single platform (platform 1). A trainshed covers the island platforms (2 and 3).
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Edgwarebury Park
Edgwarebury Park is a large park in Edgware in the London Borough of Barnet. It was once part of the manor of Earlsbury, and the earliest reference to it is in a Royal Writ of 1216. There is still evidence of the older landscape of fields and woodland. Hendon Rural District and Middlesex County Council bought the land around 1930, and the park opened in 1932. It is now owned and managed by Barnet Council.
The park has extensive sports facilities, a playground and ornamental gardens. During the 1990s, Watling Chase Community Forest planted a new block of woodland in the north east corner. Edgwarebury Brook runs down the western side, with Edgware Way Grassland adjacent.
Edgwarebury Park is a Local Nature Reserve, its most distinctive feature being its magnificent old hedgerows. Fine old oak and ash trees tower over the bushes, and the wild service-tree is an indicator of the hedgerows' antiquity. The park is an excellent site for birdwatching. Species include song thrush, mistle thrush, great spotted woodpecker and whitethroat.
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Eltham
Coordinates: 51°27′05″N 0°03′06″E / 51.451476°N 0.051773°E / 51.451476; 0.051773
Eltham ( /ˈɛltəm/) is a district of south London, England, located in the Royal Borough of Greenwich. It is situated 8.6 miles (13.8 km) east south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Eltham was originally developed along part of the road from London to Maidstone (Pilgrims' Way) and lies 3 miles (4.8 km) almost due south of Woolwich. Mottingham, to the south, was originally part of the parish, explaining why Eltham College is not actually in Eltham any more.
Eltham was a civil parish of Kent until 1889 when it became part of the County of London and from 1900 formed part of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich. The metropolitan borough was abolished in 1965 and Eltham then became part of the then London Borough of Greenwich.
Eltham today is one of the largest suburban developments in the borough with a population of almost 88,000 people.
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Enfield Town
Coordinates: 51°39′06″N 0°05′01″W / 51.6516°N 0.0837°W / 51.6516; -0.0837
Enfield Town (often referred to as just 'Enfield') is the historic town centre of Enfield, formerly in the county of Middlesex and now in the London Borough of Enfield. It is 10.1 miles (16.3 km) north north-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Historically, Enfield was a collection of small communities spread around the royal hunting grounds of Enfield Chase. At the time of the Domesday Book the area was spelt 'Enefelde', and had a priest who almost certainly resided in St. Andrews Church. By 1572 most of the basic street layout had been completed. The village green later became the historic marketplace between the church and where the fountain now stands. A market is still operated in this area, which is owned by the parish charity. Its name most likely came from Anglo-Saxon Ēanafeld or similar, meaning "open land belonging to a man called Ēana" or "open land for lambs".
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England
Englandi/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
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Erith
Coordinates: 51°28′35″N 0°10′05″E / 51.4763°N 0.1681°E / 51.4763; 0.1681
Erithi/ˈɪərɨθ/ is a district of southeast London on the River Thames. Erith's town centre has undergone a series of modernisations since 1961. Erith is geographically an outer lying area of London, although it is can be seen as having many of the characteristics of the Inner city, namely most residences consisting largely of flats and council blocks, with fewer houses, and shops and other commercial properties interspersed between.
Work at the former British Gypsum site in Church Manorway by the Museum of London Archaeological Service showed that the area had a dense forest of oak, yew and alder during the Neolithic Period, which by the Bronze Age had given way in part to sedge fen.
Their work at the former site of Erith School in Belmont Road revealed the presence of prehistoric settlement, and of a substantial settlement or farmstead dating from the first century.
Following the collapse of Roman rule at the beginning of the 5th Century, Britain was colonised by invaders from northern Europe called the Anglo-Saxons. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle tells us that they won the Battle of Crayford in 457, slaying many men in the process, and shortly after claimed the whole of Kent. Their different way of life was reflected in their pattern of settlement. The town and country estates of the Roman bureaucrats gave way to a network of villages, occupied by warriors and farmers. Erith was one of these villages, and has a Saxon name, thought to have been derived from a word meaning `muddy harbour' or `gravelly landing place'. There was probably a church on the site of the present St John the Baptist church during Roman times and almost certainly a Saxon building. The early settlement was based around this church, meaning that the centre of Erith was once west of its current location.
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Feltham
Coordinates: 51°26′59″N 0°24′32″W / 51.4496°N 0.4089°W / 51.4496; -0.4089
Feltham ( /ˈfɛltəm/) is a town in the London Borough of Hounslow, west London. It is located about 13 miles (21 km) west south west of central London at Charing Cross and 2 miles (3.2 km) from Heathrow Airport Central. It is the location of Feltham Young Offenders' Institution, situated near the town's border with Ashford and the neighbouring village of East Bedfont.
Feltham formed an ancient parish in the Spelthorne hundred of Middlesex. In 1831 it occupied an area of 2,620 acres (11 km2) and had a population of 924. From 1894 to 1904 the Felham parish was included in the Staines Rural District. In 1901 the parish had a population of 4,534 and in 1904 it was split from the rural district to form the Feltham Urban District. In 1932 the parishes of Hanworth and East Bedfont were also transferred from the Staines district to Feltham Urban District. The Urban District of Feltham council was disbanded in 1965, along with the Middlesex County Council. It should be noted, however, that though for administrative purposes the area now falls within the area administered by the Greater London Authority, together with the London Assembly and the Mayor of London, the geographic county of Middlesex was never abolished and many Feltham residents continue to identify their home county as "Middlesex".[citation needed]The London Government Act, which enacted the changes to Middlesex (as well as parts of Hertfordshire and Essex) formed Greater London in 1965, consisting of 32 London boroughs. Feltham, together with Bedfont and Hanworth, form the "West Area" of the London Borough of Hounslow.
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Finchley
Coordinates: 51°35′56″N 0°11′13″W / 51.599°N 0.187°W / 51.599; -0.187
Finchley ( /ˈfɪntʃli/) is a district in Barnet in north London, England. Finchley is on high ground, about 11 km (6.8 mi) north of Charing Cross. It formed an ancient parish in the county of Middlesex, becoming a municipal borough in 1933, and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. It is predominantly a residential suburb, with three town centres.
Finchley probably means Finch's clearing or finches' clearing in late Anglo-Saxon; the name was first recorded in the early 13th century. Finchley is not recorded in the Domesday book, but by the 11th century its lands were already included in those of the Bishop of London. In early medieval period the area was sparsely populated woodland. During the 12th and 13th century proper farming began, and by the 15th and 16th century the woods on the eastern side of the parish were cleared to form Finchley Common. The medieval Great North Road, which ran through the common, was notorious for Highwaymen until the early 19th century.
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Finchley Common
Finchley Common was an area of land in Middlesex, and until 1816 the boundary between the parishes of Finchley, Friern Barnet and Hornsey.
Its use as a common is quite late. Rights to the common were claimed by the inhabitants of Finchley at the beginning of the 15th century, and by the inhabitants of Friern Barnet, and Hornsey by the 16th century. Sale of timber in the 16th century by the Bishop of London, who had manorial rights to the land, led to the clearance of the woods, and after this time legal disputes between the commoners and the bishop were made reference to a "common called Finchley Wood". The earliest known use of the name Finchley Common appeared in reference to refugees escaping from plague London encamped on the common in 1603. Finchley Common occurs in Nicholas Culpeper's Herbal (1652) whereas John Gerard in his Herbal (1596) refers to Finchley Wood (2). As a place name Finchley Common continued long after the enclosure of 1816. Places, which were said to be Finchley Common, represented much of Finchley’s eastern flank. These included The Torrington public house (in what we would now call North Finchley), and also the White Lion in East Finchley. The last known active use of Finchley Common as a place name is an isolated property advert in The Times in 1897. There are sections of open ground in the London Borough of Haringey and the London Borough of Barnet which are still closely associated with Finchley Common (though no one uses the name), mostly (and ironically) woodland: Coppetts Wood, Coldfall Wood, and the Glebelands.
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Forest Gate
Coordinates: 51°33′03″N 0°01′39″E / 51.550832°N 0.02739°E / 51.550832; 0.02739
Forest Gate is a residential area in the London Borough of Newham, 7 miles northeast of Charing Cross. It is bordered by Manor Park to the east and to the west lies Stratford town centre. Forest Gate is 1.5 miles east of Westfield Stratford City and the 2012 Olympic Park. The northern half of the busy Green Street runs through it and from 2018 it will have a Crossrail station.
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France
France (Englishi/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] (
listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
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Friary Park
Friary Park is a formal Edwardian park in Friern Barnet in the London Borough of Barnet. It is owned and managed by Barnet Council, and has a children's playground, tennis courts, a bowling green, a pitch and putt, a skateboard park and a cafe. It is a Local Nature Reserve, and received a Green Flag Award for 2009-2010.
The site was home to the Knights Hospitaller in the Middle Ages, and of Friern Barnet Manor House from the sixteenth century. The name Friary Park was adopted in the 1870s and it was opened to the public in 1910. In 2010 the Friends of Friary Park and other local societies organised centenary celebrations.
The cafe is housed in the nineteenth century Gothic Revival Friary House, which is otherwise mostly unused, although Barnet Council announced in 2010 that work is underway to convert it to a base for the local police Safer Neighbourhood Team.
A prominent feature is a statue, the 'Bringer of Peace', dedicated to the memory of King Edward VII, and erected on 7 May 1910, the day after his death.
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Friern Barnet
Coordinates: 51°36′45″N 0°09′30″W / 51.6126°N 0.1584°W / 51.6126; -0.1584
Friern Barnet is a place in the London Borough of Barnet. It is a suburban development situated 7.4 miles (11.9 km) north of Charing Cross. The centre of Friern Barnet is formed by the busy intersection of Colney Hatch Lane (which runs north-south), Woodhouse Road (which takes west-bound traffic into Finchley) and Friern Barnet Road (which leads east towards New Southgate).
Friern Barnet was an ancient parish in the Finsbury division of Ossulstone hundred, in the county of Middlesex.
The area was originally considered to be part of Barnet, most of which was in Hertfordshire. By the thirteenth century the Middlesex section of Barnet was known as "Little Barnet", before becoming "Frerenbarnet" and then "Friern Barnet". The "Friern" part of the parish's name, denotes "brotherhood", and referred to its ownership by the Priory of the Knights of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem.
Friern Barnet was mainly rural until the nineteenth century. The opening of Colney Hatch Hospital in 1851, and of railway stations on the Great Northern and Metropolitan Railways in the middle of the century began its development as an outer London suburb. This process was accelerated by the arrival of electric trams in 1909.
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Fulham
Coordinates: 51°28′36″N 0°12′50″W / 51.4767°N 0.2138°W / 51.4767; -0.2138
Fulham ( /ˈfʊləm/) is an area of southwest London in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, SW6 (the successor to the Metropolitan Borough of Fulham) located 3.7 miles (6.0 km) south west of Charing Cross. It lies on the north bank of the Thames, between Putney and Chelsea. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. Fulham was formerly the seat of the diocese of "Fulham and Gibraltar", and Fulham Palace served as the former official home of the Bishop of London, (now a museum), the grounds of which are now divided between public allotments and an elegant botanical garden.
Having been through many transformations in its history, today it is a green London area within very close reach of many famously extravagant places such as Chelsea and Kensington and this is reflected in the high local house prices. It was included within Savills' 2007 list of "prime" London areas. Two Premier League football clubs, Fulham and Chelsea, are situated in Fulham. The former Lillie Bridge Grounds (which hosted the second FA Cup Final and the first ever amateur boxing matches) was also in Fulham.
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Germany
Germany (i/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ( listen)), is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since. Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.
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Golders Green
Coordinates: 51°34′24″N 0°11′54″W / 51.5734°N 0.1982°W / 51.5734; -0.1982
Golders Green is an area in the London Borough of Barnet in London, England. Although having some earlier history, it is essentially a 19th century suburban development situated about 5.3 miles (8.5 km) north west of Charing Cross and centred on the crossroads of Golders Green Road and Finchley Road.
In the early 20th century it grew rapidly in response to the opening here of a tube station of the London Underground, adjacent to the Golders Green Hippodrome - home to the BBC Concert Orchestra for many years. It has a wide variety of housing and a busy main shopping street, Golders Green Road. The area is noted especially for its large Jewish population.
The name Golders comes from a family named Godyere who lived in the area and Green alludes to the manorial waste the settlement was built on. Golders Green has been a place in the parish and manor of Hendon since around the 13th century. The earliest references to the name of the adjacent district of "Temple Fortune" is on a map (c. 1754). However this name reveals a much earlier history. It is likely that the name refers to the Knights of St John, who had land here (c. 1240). Fortune may be derived from a small settlement (tun) on the route from Hampstead to Hendon. Here a lane from Finchley, called Ducksetters Lane (c. 1475), intersected. It is likely that the settlement was originally the Bleccanham estate (c. 10th century). By the end of the 18th century Temple Fortune Farm was established on the northern side of Farm Close.
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Golders Hill Park
Golders Hill Park is a formal park in Golders Green, London. It is managed by the City of London Corporation as part of the parkland and commons in and near Hampstead Heath, and is part of the Hampstead Heath Local Nature Reserve. Unlike the rest of the Heath, Golders Hill Park is closed at night.
It adjoins the West Heath part of Hampstead Heath and is on the site formerly occupied by a large house which was bombed during World War II. Its main characteristic is an expanse of grass, but it also has a formal, beautifully tended, flower garden next to a duck pond with a small humpback bridge, a separate water garden, which leads onto a larger pond with both black and white swans, a separate area for fallow deer, near to a recently-renovated small zoo. There are also tennis courts, a well subscribed playground and a putting green. A restaurant stands at the top of the park, on the site of the original house.
During the summer, children's activities are organised and through June and July there is live music on the bandstand on Sunday afternoons. Unlike most of Hampstead Heath, dogs must be kept on a lead in the park.
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Grahame Park
Coordinates: 51°36′00″N 0°14′31″W / 51.6001°N 0.2419°W / 51.6001; -0.2419
Grahame Park, located on the site of the old Hendon Aerodrome in North West London, is a north London housing estate in the London Borough of Barnet, including 1,777 homes built in the 1970s.
The estate is named in honour of Claude Grahame-White, the pioneer of aviation who established the original aerodrome and aviation school on the site.
The building of the estate was a joint project between the Greater London Council and Barnet Council. The plan was approved by the Ministry of Housing and Local Government in 1964, and the first family moved in on 23 October 1971.
A typical characteristic of the estate was the plain, square, brick-style terraced houses, also known as "block" style, and long winding low-rise flats, with flat roofs. Most building names, walkways and roads on the estate have names linked to the aviation history of the site.
Not all of the old aerodrome was sold off for development; the Royal Air Force Museum is situated immediately to the south-east of the estate (with free entrance).
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Greater London
Greater London is the top-level administrative division of England covering London. It was created in 1965 and spans the City of London and the 32 London boroughs. This territory has the same boundaries as the London Government Office Region and the London European Parliament constituency. The region has by far the highest GVA per capita in the United Kingdom. It covers 1,572 km2 (607 sq mi) and had a 2009 mid-year estimated population of 7,753,600. The term Greater London was in use before 1965 to refer to a variously defined area, larger than the County of London and often similar to the Metropolitan Police District.
In addition to its administrative and statistical functions, Greater London (excluding the City of London) is one of the 48 ceremonial counties of England, and is under the Greater London Lieutenancy.
Instead of forming a single political unit, London is divided into the small, interior City of London and the much wider Greater London. This arrangement has come about because as the area of London grew and absorbed neighbouring settlements, a series of administrative reforms did not fully amalgamate the City of London with the metropolitan area, and its unique political structure was retained. Outside the limited boundaries of the old city, a variety of arrangements governed the wider area since 1855, culminating with the creation of the Greater London administrative area in 1965.
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Greenhill Gardens
Greenhill Gardens is a small public park in High Barnet in the London Borough of Barnet. Its main feature is an ornamental lake which attracts many birds, and it also has a grassed area with scattered mature trees. It is a Local Nature Reserve.
The park is the small surviving part of large country estate known as Pricklers, named after a medieval family called Prittle. The estate became Greenhill Gardens in the 16th century, and it was split up when Thomas Henry Wyatt built Willenhall in the southern part. Most of the land was developed for housing in the twentieth century. In July 1926 East Barnet Council purchased the land which is now a public park for £20,000. In 1965 East Barnet became part of the London Borough of Barnet, which now owns and manages the park.
There is access from Pricklers Hill and Greenhill Park.
Coordinates: 51°38′41″N 0°10′57″W / 51.6446°N 0.1824°W / 51.6446; -0.1824
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Greenwich
Coordinates: 51°28′45″N 0°00′00″E / 51.4791°N 0.0000°E / 51.4791; 0.0000
Greenwich (UKi/ɡrɪnɪdʒ/ GRIN-ij; US /ɡrɛnɪtʃ/ GREN-ich or /ɡrɛnɪdʒ/ GREN-ij) is a district of south London, England, located in the Royal Borough of Greenwich and situated 5.5 miles (8.9 km) east south-east of Charing Cross.
Greenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0° longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many in the House of Tudor, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and the Trinity College of Music.
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Hackney Central
Coordinates: 51°32′36″N 0°03′34″W / 51.543307°N 0.059486°W / 51.543307; -0.059486
Hackney Central is the central district of the London Borough of Hackney in London, England. It comprises the area roughly surrounding, and extending north from Mare Street. It is situated 4 miles (6.4 km) north east of Charing Cross. It is also the name of Hackney Central ward, an electoral division for Hackney Council.
Hackney Central is the area that once would have been known as Hackney Village. This was a place that flourished from the Tudor period, when principal members of the Court had their houses in the surrounding area, and King Henry VIII of England had a palace (located near the modern Lee Bridge Road roundabout). Hackney Central remained a popular resort for Londoners until the end of the Georgian era, when this suburb of London began to be completely built up. Railways, trams and factories brought an end to Hackney's rural atmosphere during the Victorian era, and its fortunes declined.
The industries of nearby Homerton and the Lee Valley have largely disappeared, leaving the NHS and local council as the largest employers. Successive waves of immigrants, both from abroad and within the United Kingdom, make modern Hackney a culturally vibrant part of inner London, with both the benefits and challenges that this brings.
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Hammersmith
Coordinates: 51°29′34″N 0°13′22″W / 51.4928°N 0.2229°W / 51.4928; -0.2229
Hammersmith is an urban centre in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham in west London, England, in the United Kingdom, approximately five miles (eight kilometres) west of Charing Cross on the north bank of the River Thames. One of west London's key transport hubs and commercial and employment centres, and home to several multinational company offices, it is focused on the two London Underground stations, bus station and road network node at Hammersmith Broadway.
It is bordered by Shepherds Bush to the north, Kensington to the east, Fulham to the south and Chiswick to the west, and is linked by Hammersmith Bridge to Barnes in the southwest.
It has for some decades been the main centre of London's Polish minority.
See also: List of districts in Hammersmith and Fulham
Acton, Barnes, Chiswick, Fulham, Shepherds Bush, Kensington, West Kensington
House construction and industrial development flourished.[when?] Major industrial sites included the Osram lamp factory at Brook Green, the J. Lyons factory (which at one time employed 30,000 people) and the largest municipal power station in Britain, built near the gasworks in Sands End.
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Hampstead
Coordinates: 51°33′15″N 0°10′28″W / 51.5541°N 0.1744°W / 51.5541; -0.1744
Hampstead (/ˈhæmpstɪd/ or /-stɛd/), commonly known as Hampstead Village, is an affluent area of London, England, 4 miles (6.4 km) north-west of Charing Cross. Part of the London Borough of Camden in Inner London, it is known for its intellectual, liberal, artistic, musical and literary associations and for Hampstead Heath, a large, hilly expanse of parkland. It has some of the most expensive housing in the London area. The village of Hampstead has more millionaires within its boundaries than any other area of the United Kingdom.
The name comes from the Anglo-Saxon words ham and stede, which means, and is a cognate of, the Modern English "homestead".
Although early records of Hampstead can be found in a grant by King Ethelred the Unready to the monastery of St. Peter’s at Westminster (AD 986) and it is referred to in the Domesday Book (1086), the history of Hampstead is generally traced back to the 17th century. Trustees of the Well started advertising the medicinal qualities of the chalybeate waters (water impregnated with iron) in 1700. Although Hampstead Wells was initially most successful and fashionable, its popularity declined in the 1800s due to competition with other fashionable London spas. The spa was demolished in 1882, although a water fountain was left behind.
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Hendon
Coordinates: 51°35′01″N 0°13′31″W / 51.5837°N 0.2252°W / 51.5837; -0.2252
Hendon is a London suburb situated 7 miles (11 km) northwest of Charing Cross.
Hendon was historically a civil parish in the county of Middlesex. The manor is described in Domesday (1087), but the name, 'Hendun' meaning 'at the highest hill', is earlier. There is even evidence of Roman settlement discovered by the Hendon and District Archaeological Society and others; an urn burial of a headless child was found in nearby Sunny Hill Park. The Midland Railway and the Great Northern Railways were built through Hendon in the 1860s. There is evidence of problems of wild horses feeding between the tracks. The underground, at Golders Green arrived in 1907. Much of the area developed into a suburb of London and now the area is mostly built up with some countryside in the Mill Hill area, such as the Copthall Playing fields. Hendon big industry was mostly centred on manufacturing, and included motor and aviation works, and developed from the 1880s. In 1931 the civil parish of Edgware was abolished and its area was added to the great civil parish of Hendon.
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Hendon Park
Hendon Park is a 12 hectare London suburban park situated 7 miles (11 km) north west of Charing Cross. It borders the Northern Line and Hendon Park and Northern Line Railway Cutting are a Local Nature Reserve.
Hendon Park was part of a medieval estate known as the Steps Fields and owned by the Goodyer family. From 1868 till 1903 it was owned by the Kemp family when Hendon Council opened the park to the public.
The borough of Hendon became part of the larger London Borough of Barnet in April 1965. The park has a Holocaust Memorial Garden, which contains a pond, many plants and is enclosed by large hedges. The Children’s Millennium Wood planted in 2000 is a native tree and grassland area, which will provide a good habitat for birds when it matures. The rest of the park is mainly informal parkland, with mown grass and mature trees, especially London plane and lime. It is a good spot for watching pipistrelle bats on a summer evening.
The landscape includes one of the largest specimens of Acer palmatum in London. Many mature trees survive from the original planting, despite damage caused by the Great Storm of 1987 during which many trees were uprooted and destroyed.
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Highams Park
Coordinates: 51°36′21″N 0°00′54″W / 51.6059°N 0.0151°W / 51.6059; -0.0151
Highams Park is a district in the London Borough of Waltham Forest, England, adjacent to Epping Forest. The forest at Highams Park contains a boating lake formed by Humphry Repton after damming the River Ching. There are parks and basic shopping facilities such as Budgens, but no major supermarket. Tesco made numerous planning applications to build a store on part of the industrial estate. Initial plans made in 2007 were rejected by then Local Government Secretary Ruth Kelly although a revised planning application was passed in 2009 despite the efforts of some local residents to stop the application going ahead.
Highams Park is a suburban area situated 8.7 miles (14 km) north east of Charing Cross. The Greenwich Meridian Line runs through many of its streets. Traditionally it was part of Walthamstow parish and municipal borough, though most of it is in either the Chingford (E4) or Woodford Green (IG8) postal districts. It is primarily a residential area, with housing consisting of mainly Victorian and 1930s style terraced houses.
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Highbury
Coordinates: 51°33′07″N 0°05′49″W / 51.552°N 0.097°W / 51.552; -0.097
Highbury is a district in the London Borough of Islington.
The area now known as Islington was part of the larger manor of Tolentone, which is mentioned in the Domesday Book. Tolentone was owned by Ranulf brother of Ilger and included all the areas north and east of Canonbury and Holloway Road. The manor house was situated by what is now the east side of Hornsey Road near the junction with Seven Sisters Road. After the manor decayed, a new manor house was built in 1271 (see below) to the south-east; to differentiate it from the original manor and because it was on a hill, it was called Highbury, from which the area takes its name.
The site for Highbury Manor was possibly used by a Roman garrison as a summer camp. During the construction of a new Highbury House in 1781, tiles were found that could have been Roman or Norman; unfortunately these have been lost.
Ownership of Highbury eventually passed to Alicia de Barrow, who in 1271 gave it to the Priory of St John of Jerusalem, also known as the Knights Hospitallers in England. The wealthy Lord Prior built Highbury manor as a substantial stone country lodging with a grange and barn.
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Highgate
Coordinates: 51°34′18″N 0°08′41″W / 51.5716°N 0.1448°W / 51.5716; -0.1448
Highgate ( /ˈhaɪɡeɪt/ or /ˈhaɪɡɨt/) is an area of North London on the north-eastern corner of Hampstead Heath.
Highgate is one of the most expensive London suburbs in which to live. It has an active conservation body, the Highgate Society, to protect its character.
Until late Victorian times it was a distinct village outside London, sitting astride the main road to the north. The area retains many green expanses including the eastern part of Hampstead Heath, three ancient woods,Waterlow Park and the eastern-facing slopes known as Highgate bowl.
At its centre is Highgate village, a collection of largely Georgian shops, pubs, restaurants and residential streets, interspersed with diverse landmarks such as St Michael's Church and steeple, Highgate School (1565), Jacksons Lane arts centre housed in a Grade II listed former church, the Gatehouse inn dating from 1670 and Berthold Lubetkin's 1930s Highpoint buildings. Highgate is also famous for its atmospheric Victorian cemetery in which the communist philosopher Karl Marx is buried.
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Hillingdon
Coordinates: 51°31′58″N 0°27′18″W / 51.5329°N 0.4550°W / 51.5329; -0.4550
Hillingdon is a suburban area within the London Borough of Hillingdon, situated 14.2 miles (22.8 km) west of Charing Cross.
Much of Hillingdon is represented as the Hillingdon East ward within the local authority, Hillingdon Council. In November 2010, the ward had a recorded population of 12,403.
The name Hillingdon appears in the Domesday Book (1086) as Hillendone, possibly meaning "hill of a man named Hille".
Hillingdon was an ancient parish, and had within it the chapelry of Uxbridge, which became a separate civil parish in 1866. Under the Local Government Act 1894, Hillingdon parish was divided in two. Hillingdon West became, with Uxbridge, part of the Uxbridge Urban District; Hillingdon East became part of the Uxbridge Rural District.
Uxbridge Rural District was abolished in 1928, with the East parish being added to Uxbridge Urban District. Both East and West parishes were abolished in 1938 and added to Uxbridge parish. The name was revived in 1965, consequent upon the London Government Act 1963, as the name of the western-most borough of Greater London.
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Holborn
Coordinates: 51°31′02″N 0°07′06″W / 51.5172°N 0.1182°W / 51.5172; -0.1182
Holborn ( /ˈhoʊbərn/ HOH-bərn) is an area of central London and also the name of the area's principal street, known as High Holborn between St. Giles's High Street and Gray's Inn Road (the junction being roughly where Holborn Bar — the entrance to the City of London — once was) and then Holborn Viaduct between Holborn Circus and Newgate Street. The street since boundary changes in 1994 runs along the boundary between the London Borough of Camden and the City of London; previously the boundary was less obvious in the area and crossed the street at Holborn Bar.
The area's first mention is in a charter of Westminster Abbey, by King Edgar, dated to 959. This mentions "the old wooden church of St Andrew" (St Andrew, Holborn). The name Holborn may be derived from the Middle English "hol" for hollow, and bourne, a brook, referring to the River Fleet as it ran through a steep valley to the east. Historical cartographer William Shepherd in his Plan of London about 1300 labels the Fleet as "Hole Bourn" where it passes to the east of St Andrew's church. However, the 16th century historian John Stow attributes the name to the Old Bourne ("old brook"), a small stream which he believed ran into the Fleet at Holborn Bridge, a structure lost when the river was culverted in 1732. The exact course of the stream is uncertain, but according to Stow it started in one of the many small springs near Holborn Bar, the old City toll gate on the summit of Holborn Hill. This is supported by a map of London and Westminster created during the reign of Henry VIII that clearly marks the street as 'Oldbourne' and 'High Oldbourne'. Other historians, however, find the theory implausible, in view of the slope of the land.
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Home Office
The Home Office is a Ministerial department of the UK Government responsible for immigration, security, and order. As such it is responsible for the police, UK Border Agency, and the Security Service (MI5). It is also in charge of government policy on security-related issues such as drugs, counter-terrorism, and ID cards. It was formerly responsible for the Prison Service and Probation Service, but these are now under a newly created Ministry of Justice.
It continues to be known, especially in official papers and when referred to in Parliament, by the title, as the Home Department.
The Home Office is headed by the Home Secretary, a Cabinet minister, who is supported by the senior civil servant, the Permanent Secretary.
As of April 2012, the Home Office comprised the following agencies, inspectorates, and public bodies:
The Home Office Ministers are as follows:
Theresa May is also Minister for Women and Equalities and Lynne Featherstone Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Government Equalities Office. Nick Herbert works between the Home Office and the Ministry of Justice.
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Hornchurch
Coordinates: 51°33′23″N 0°12′46″E / 51.556503°N 0.212812°E / 51.556503; 0.212812
Hornchurch is a large suburban town in England, and part of the London Borough of Havering. Hornchurch is located 15.2 miles (24.5 km) east-northeast of Charing Cross and is one of the locally important district centres identified in the London Plan. It comprises a number of shopping streets and a large residential area. It historically formed a large ancient parish in the county of Essex that became the liberty of Havering. The economic history of Hornchurch is underpinned by a shift away from agriculture to other industries and the growing significance of nearby Romford as a market town and centre of administration. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Hornchurch significantly expanded and increased in population, becoming an urban district in 1926 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. It is the location of Queen's Theatre and Havering Sixth Form College.
Hornchurch is an Anglicised version of the Latin Monasterium Cornutum, a term that was also applied to the mother Abbey in Savoy. The earliest recorded use here was in 1222, meaning "church with horn-like gables" and it was recorded as "Hornechurch" in 1233. The horned bull's head mounted on the eastern end of St Andrew's Church, near the town centre dates from much later, around the 18th Century.
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Hounslow
Coordinates: 51°28′00″N 0°21′03″W / 51.4668°N 0.3507°W / 51.4668; -0.3507
Hounslow is the principal town in the London Borough of Hounslow. It is a suburban development situated 10.6 miles (17 km) west south-west of Charing Cross. It forms a post town in the TW postcode area.
The origin of the name Hounslow is uncertain. It may derive from the Anglo-Saxon Honeslaw (meaning an area of land suitable for hunting), or from a name or description for a mound or hill associated with the pagan Hundi, of Anglo-Saxon times.
Positioned on the Great Western Road, Hounslow was centred around Holy Trinity Priory founded in 1211. The priory developed what had been a small village into a town with regular markets and other facilities for travellers heading to and from London. Although the priory was dissolved in 1539 the town remained an important staging post on the Great Western Road. The adjacent Hounslow Heath that had been used as a military encampment by both Oliver Cromwell and James II developed a reputation as the haunt of highwaymen and footpad.
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Ilford
Coordinates: 51°33′32″N 0°05′08″E / 51.558807°N 0.085459°E / 51.558807; 0.085459
Ilford is a large cosmopolitan town in East London, England and the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Redbridge. It is located 9.1 miles (14.6 km) northeast of Charing Cross and is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. It forms a significant commercial and retail centre surrounded by extensive residential development. Ilford was historically a small rural settlement in the county of Essex and its strategic position on the River Roding and the London to Colchester road caused it to develop as a coaching town. The arrival of the railway in 1839 eventually accelerated that growth and as part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Ilford significantly expanded and increased in population, becoming a municipal borough in 1926 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. The town has since made attempts to raise its profile, and due to its proximity to the Olympic Park in nearby Stratford, Ilford was announced as the fastest-growing tourist destination in Europe in 2011.
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Isle of Dogs
Coordinates: 51°29′19″N 0°01′07″W / 51.488661°N 0.018589°W / 51.488661; -0.018589
The Isle of Dogs is a former island in the East End of London that is bounded on three sides (east, south and west) by one of the largest meanders in the River Thames. It is almost bounded to the north by the South Dock (part of the old West India Docks.) This dock is separated from an inlet of the River Thames by some forty metres of infilled land. Except for this one small separation, access to the Isle of Dogs always necessitates crossing water by bridge or tunnel.
The name Isle of Dogs is first recorded in 1588 (see hereafter), but had been in use for some years before this. Brewer's 1898 Dictionary of Phrase and Fable attributes the name: "So called from being the receptacle of the greyhounds of Edward III. Some say it is a corruption of the Isle of Ducks, and that it is so called in ancient records from the number of wild fowl inhabiting the marshes." Other sources discount this, believing these stories to all derive from the antiquarian John Strype, and believe it might come from one of the following:
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Isleworth
Coordinates: 51°28′00″N 0°20′11″W / 51.4666°N 0.3363°W / 51.4666; -0.3363
Isleworth (pronunciation: /ˈaɪzəlwɜrθ/) is a small town of Saxon origin sited within the London Borough of Hounslow in west London, England. It lies immediately east of the town of Hounslow and west of the River Thames and its tributary the River Crane. Isleworth's original area of settlement, alongside the Thames, is known as 'Old Isleworth'. The north-west corner of the town, bordering on Osterley to the north and Lampton to the west, is known as 'Spring Grove'.
Isleworth's former Thames frontage of approximately one mile, excluding that of the Syon estate, was reduced to little over half a mile in 1994 when a borough boundary realignment was effected in order to unite the district of St Margarets wholly within London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. As a result, Isleworth's boundary with the Thames is now almost entirely overshadowed by the 3.5-hectare (8.6-acre) islet of Isleworth Ait. The River Crane flows into the Thames south of the Ait, and its distributary the Duke of Northumberland's River west of the Ait.
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Islington
Coordinates: 51°32′38″N 0°06′10″W / 51.5440°N 0.1027°W / 51.5440; -0.1027
Islington ( /ˈɪzlɪŋtən/) is a neighbourhood in Greater London, England and forms the central district of the London Borough of Islington. It is a desirable residential district of Inner London, spanning from Islington High Street to Highbury Fields, encompassing the area around the busy Upper Street. The name is often applied to the areas of the borough close to Upper Street such as St Mary's, St Peter's, Barnsbury, and Canonbury, developed in the Georgian era.
Islington grew as a sprawling Middlesex village along the line of the Great North Road, and has provided the name of the modern borough. This gave rise to some confusion, as neighbouring districts may also be said to be in Islington. This district is bounded by Liverpool Road to the west and City Road to the south-east. Its northernmost point is in the area of Canonbury. The main north-south high street, Upper Street splits at Highbury Corner to Holloway Road to the west and St. Paul's Road to the east.
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Kensal Green
Coordinates: 51°31′51″N 0°13′29″W / 51.5308°N 0.2248°W / 51.5308; -0.2248
Kensal Green, also referred to as Kensal Rise is an area of London, England. It is located on the southern edge of the London Borough of Brent and borders the City of Westminster to the East and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea to the South.
Kensal Green is a residential area with good transport links to central London, surrounding districts include Willesden Green to the north, Harlesden to the west, Brondesbury and Queens Park to the east and Ladbroke Grove to the south. The names Kensal Green and Kensal Rise are used somewhat interchangeably by non-residents to denote the same district, although residents differentiate between the areas based on proximity to the local tube and railway stations.
Roughly speaking, the area west of Chamberlayne Road, north of Harrow Road and south of Kensal Rise railway station is considered Kensal Green while that to the east of Chamberlayne Road and north of the station is considered Kensal Rise. These boundaries are by no means fixed however and some residents are known to use both terms with little regard for geographical accuracy. For a 1920s map of what at that time was considered to be Kensal Green, see Brent Council local history.
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Kensington
Coordinates: 51°30′01″N 0°11′27″W / 51.5004°N 0.1909°W / 51.5004; -0.1909
Kensington is a district of west and central London, England within the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. An affluent and densely-populated area, its commercial heart is Kensington High Street, and it contains the well-known museum district of South Kensington.
To the north, Kensington is bordered by Notting Hill; to the east, by Brompton and Knightsbridge; to the south, by Chelsea and Earl's Court; and to the west, by Hammersmith and Shepherd's Bush.
The area is first mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it was written in Latin as "Chenesitone", which has been interpreted to have originally been "Kenesignetun" (Kenesigne's land or meadows) in Anglo-Saxon.
The manor of Kensington, Middlesex, was granted by William I of England to Geoffrey de Montbray or Mowbray, bishop of Coutances, one of his inner circle of advisors and one of the wealthiest men in post-Conquest England. He in turn granted the tenancy of Kensington to his vassal Aubrey de Vere I, who was holding the manor in 1086, according to Domesday Book. The bishop's heir, Robert de Mowbray, rebelled against William Rufus and his vast barony was declared forfeit. Aubrey de Vere I had his tenure converted to a tenancy in-chief, holding Kensington after 1095 directly of the crown. He granted land and church there to Abingdon Abbey at the deathbed request of his young eldest son, Geoffrey. As the Veres became the earls of Oxford, their estate at Kensington came to be known as Earls Court, while the Abingdon lands were called Abbots Kensington and the church St Mary Abbots.
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Kentish Town
Coordinates: 51°32′41″N 0°08′45″W / 51.5447°N 0.1459°W / 51.5447; -0.1459
Kentish Town is an area of north west London, England in the London Borough of Camden.
The most widely accepted explanation of the name of Kentish Town[by whom?] is that it derived from 'Ken-ditch' meaning the 'bed of a waterway'. Kentish Town was originally a settlement along the River Fleet which flowed through the area, and today runs underground.
Kentish Town is first recorded during the reign of King John (1207) as kentisston. By 1456 Kentish Town was recognised as a thriving hamlet, and in this period a chapel of ease is recorded as being built for the inhabitants.
The early 19th century brought modernisation, causing much of the area's rural charm, the River Fleet and the 18th century buildings to vanish, although pockets still remain, for example Little Green Street. Between the availability of public transport to it from London, and its urbanisation, it was a popular resort.
Large amounts of land were purchased to build the railway, which can still be seen today. Kentish Town was a prime site for development as the Kentish Town Road was a major route from London northwards. Probably its most famous resident was Karl Marx who lived at 9 Grafton Terrace from 1856.
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Kingston upon Thames
Coordinates: 51°24′37″N 0°17′58″W / 51.4103°N 0.2995°W / 51.4103; -0.2995
Kingston upon Thames is the principal settlement of the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames in southwest London. It was the ancient market town where Saxon kings were crowned and is now a suburb situated 10 miles (16.1 km) south west of Charing Cross. It is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan.
In 838, it was styled Kyningestun famosa illa locus. In Old English, tun, ton or don meant farmstead – so the name Kingston may have meant farmstead of the kings. Seven Saxon kings are traditionally said to have been crowned at Kingston, while seated on a large stone – The Coronation Stone – that stands outside the Guildhall. There is a local tradition that these Saxon coronations gave Kingston its name, but the records of the 838 council disprove this. Kingston upon Thames appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Chingestone and Chingetun(e).
For much of the 20th century, Kingston was a major military aircraft manufacturing centre specialising in fighter aircraft – first with Sopwith Aviation, H G Hawker Engineering, later Hawker Aircraft, Hawker Siddeley and eventually British Aerospace. The legendary Sopwith Camel, Hawker Fury, Hurricane, Hunter and Harrier were all designed and built in the town and examples of all of these aircraft can be seen today at the nearby Brooklands Museum in Weybridge. Well known aviation personalities Sydney Camm, Harry Hawker and Tommy Sopwith were responsible for much of Kingston's achievements in aviation. British Aerospace finally closed its Lower Ham Road factory in 1992 part of the site was subsequently redeveloped for housing, the river side part of the site remains as a community centre and sports complex. The growth and development of Kingston Polytechnic and its transformation into Kingston University has made Kingston a university town.
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Lambeth
Coordinates: 51°29′25″N 0°07′09″W / 51.4903°N 0.1193°W / 51.4903; -0.1193
Lambeth is a district in South London, England, located in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is situated 1 mile (1.6 km) southeast of Charing Cross.
The name is recorded in 1062 as Lambehitha, meaning 'landing place for lambs', and in 1255 as Lambeth. The name refers to a harbour where lambs were either shipped from or to. It is formed from the Old English 'lamb' and 'hythe.South Lambeth is recorded as Sutlamehethe in 1241 and North Lambeth is recorded in 1319 as North Lamhuth. The marshland in the area, known as Lambeth Marshe, was drained in the 18th century but is remembered in the Lower Marsh street name. Sometime after the opening of Waterloo railway station in 1848 the locality around the station and Lower Marsh became known as Waterloo.
The current district of Lambeth was part of the large ancient parish of Lambeth St Mary in the Brixton hundred of Surrey. It was an elongated north-south parish with a two mile River Thames frontage to the west. In the north it lay opposite the cities of London and Westminster and extended southwards to cover the contemporary districts of Brixton, West Dulwich and West Norwood, almost reaching Crystal Palace. Lambeth became part of the Metropolitan Police District in 1829. It continued as a single parish for Poor Law purposes after the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 and a single parish governed by a vestry after the introduction of the Metropolitan Board of Works in 1855. In 1889 it became part of the county of London and the parish and vestry were reformed in 1900 to become the Metropolitan Borough of Lambeth, governed by Lambeth Borough Council. In the reform of local government in 1965 the Streatham and Clapham areas that had formed part of the Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth were combined with Lambeth to form the London Borough of Lambeth.
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Le Raincy
Coordinates: 48°54′00″N 2°31′00″E / 48.9000°N 2.5167°E / 48.9000; 2.5167
Le Raincy is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 13.2 km (8.2 mi) from the center of Paris. Le Raincy is a sub-prefecture of the Seine-Saint-Denis department and the seat of the Arrondissement of Le Raincy.
Its population is small relative to surrounding communes - close to just 13,000 people. However its development as an administrative centre, along with the establishment over the years of a large number of schools, gives it more prominence than its population size would suggest.
In the 17th and 18th century, Raincy was known primarily as location of the Château du Raincy, now demolished. The commune of Le Raincy was created on 20 May 1869 by detaching a part of the territory of Livry-Gargan and merging it with a part of the territory of Clichy-sous-Bois and a small part of the territory of Gagny.
The town today receives visitors - mainly to see the Notre-Dame du Raincy church. Designed by the brothers Auguste and Gustave Perret and built in 1922-1923, this was the first church to be built in reinforced concrete, and with no external ornamentation. The architecture is remarkable for the classicism of its columns, greatly enhanced by the stained glass windows of Maurice Denis and Marie-Alain Couturier. The church is listed as an historic monument. It was restored in the 1990s, and is in regular use. Many of the visitors to the church come from Japan, as a smaller replica of Notre Dame du Raincy was built in the Tokyo suburbs.
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Lewisham
Coordinates: 51°27′41″N 0°00′19″W / 51.461456°N 0.00537°W / 51.461456; -0.00537
Lewisham /lˈʊɪʃəm/ is a district in South London, England, located in the London Borough of Lewisham. It is situated 6.2 miles (10.0 km) south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
It is most likely to have been founded by a pagan Jute, Leof, who settled (by burning his boat) near St Mary's Church (Ladywell) where the ground was drier, in the 6th century. As to the etymology of the name, Daniel Lysons (1796) wrote:
"In the most ancient Saxon records this place is called Levesham, that is, the house among the meadows; leswe, læs, læse, or læsew, in the Saxon, signifies a meadow, and ham, a dwelling. It is now written, as well in parochial and other records as in common usage, Lewisham." "Leofshema" was an important settlement at the confluence of the rivers Quaggy (from Farnborough) and Ravensbourne (Caesar's Well, Keston), so the village expanded north into the wetter area as drainage techniques improved. In the mid-seventeenth century, then-vicar of Lewisham, Abraham Colfe, built a grammar school, primary school and six almshouses for the inhabitants. On 5 September 1711 William Legge, the Earl of Dartmouth became the (hereditary) Viscount Lewisham The village of Lewisham was originally centred further south around the parish church of St Mary, towards the present site of University Hospital Lewisham. The centre migrated north with the coming of the North Kent railway line to Dartford in 1849, encouraging commuter housing. Lewisham was administratively part of Kent until 1889, and formed part of the Metropolitan Borough of Lewisham in the County of London until 1965.
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Leyton
Coordinates: 51°33′38″N 0°00′56″W / 51.560558°N 0.015465°W / 51.560558; -0.015465
Leyton is an area of north-east London and part of the London Borough of Waltham Forest, located 6.2 miles (10 km) north east of Charing Cross. It borders Walthamstow and Leytonstone; Stratford in Newham; and Homerton and Lower Clapton in the London Borough of Hackney.
Leyton is in the Lower Lea Valley, the river forming its western boundary, and it straddles the Prime Meridian. The area rises from marshland along the Lea to over 90 feet at Whipps Cross on the southern edge of Epping Forest. It is a dormitory suburb of terraced houses built between 1870 and 1910, interspersed with modern housing estates. Many high-rise council blocks that dominated the skyline have been demolished over the past 15 years.
Paleolithic implements and fossil bones show that early man hunted in Leyton. A Roman cemetery and the foundations of a Roman villa have been found here. From Anglo-Saxon times, Leyton has been part of the County of Essex. The name means "settlement (tun) on the River Lea" and was also known until 1921 as "Low Leyton". In the Domesday Book, the name is rendered as Leintun. at which time the population was 43. The ancient parish church of St Mary the Virgin was largely rebuilt in the 17th Century. The parish of Leyton also included Leytonstone. The old civil parish was formed into an Urban District within Essex in 1894 and it gained the status of Municipal Borough in 1926. In 1965, the Municipal Borough of Leyton was abolished and was combined with that of Walthamstow and Chingford to form the London Borough of Waltham Forest, within the new county of Greater London.
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London
Londoni/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City and has the fifth-largest city GDP in the world (and the largest in Europe). London has been described as a world cultural capital. It was the world's most visited city during 2011 and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.
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London Fire Brigade
The London Fire Brigade (LFB) is the statutory fire and rescue service for London.
Founded in 1865, it is the largest of the fire services in the United Kingdom and the fourth-largest in the world (after the Tokyo Fire Department, New York City Fire Department and Paris Fire Brigade) with nearly 7,000 staff, including 5,800 operational firefighters based in 112 fire stations.
Ron Dobson is the Commissioner for Fire and Emergency Planning, which includes the position of Chief Fire Officer. Dobson replaced Sir Ken Knight in 2007; Knight had been Commissioner since 2003. Statutory responsibility for the running of the LFB lies with the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority.
In 2008/09 the LFB received 229,308 999 calls, of which it mobilised to 138,385. These included 29,215 fires, of which 13,841 were of a serious nature, making it one of the busiest fire services in the world. In the same period, it received 6,022 hoax calls, the highest number of any UK fire service, but only mobilised to 2,653 of them.
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Marylebone
Coordinates: 51°31′04″N 0°08′49″W / 51.5177°N 0.1470°W / 51.5177; -0.1470
Marylebone (i/ˈmɑrlɨbən/ MAR-li-bən)[citation needed] is an affluent inner-city area of central London, located within the City of Westminster. It is sometimes written as St. Marylebone or Mary-le-bone.
Marylebone is in an area of London that can be roughly defined as bounded by Oxford Street to the south, Marylebone Road to the north, Edgware Road to the west and Great Portland Street to the east. A broader definition designates the historic area as Marylebone Village and encompasses neighbouring Regent's Park, Baker Street and the area immediately north of Marylebone Road, containing Marylebone Station, the original site of the Marylebone Cricket Club at Dorset Square, and the neighbourhood known as Lisson Grove to the border with St John's Wood. The west side of the Fitzrovia area up to Cleveland Street was also previously considered to be part of Marylebone.
Today the area is host to many medical and dental offices, traditionally concentrated in Harley Street. Since the opening of the Jubilee Line at Baker Street station (with its direct links to Canary Wharf), Marylebone – particularly Marylebone Village – has become an even more sought-after area in central London.
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Mayfair
Coordinates: 51°30′32″N 0°08′51″W / 51.508755°N 0.14743°W / 51.508755; -0.14743
Mayfair (originally called The May Fair) is an area of central London, located within the City of Westminster.
Mayfair is named after the annual fortnight-long May Fair that took place on the site that is Shepherd Market today (from 1686 until it was banned in that location in 1764). Until 1686, the May Fair was held in Haymarket, and after 1764, it moved to Fair Field in Bow because the well-to-do residents of the area felt the fair lowered the tone of the neighbourhood.
Mayfair was anciently part of the parish of St Martin in the Fields, and became part of St George Hanover Square in 1724. The new parish stretched to Bond Street in the southern part of Mayfair and almost to Regent Street north of Conduit Street. The northern boundary was Oxford Street and the southern boundary fell short of Piccadilly. The parish continued west of Mayfair into Hyde Park and then south to include Belgravia and other areas.
The old telephone district of MAYfair (later 629) changed east of Bond Street to REGent (later 734). Most of the area was first developed between the mid 17th century and the mid 18th century as a fashionable residential district, by a number of landlords, the most important of them being the Dukes of Westminster, the Grosvenor family. The Rothschild family bought up large areas of Mayfair in the 19th century. The freehold of a large section of Mayfair also belongs to the Crown Estate.
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Middlesex
Middlesex ( /ˈmɪdəlsɛks/; abbreviated Middx) is one of the 39 historic counties of England and the second smallest by area. The low-lying county contained the wealthy and politically independent City of London on its southern boundary and was dominated by it from a very early time. The county was significantly affected by the expansion of the metropolitan area of London in both the 18th and 19th centuries, such that from 1855 the south-east was administered as part of the metropolis. When county councils were initially introduced in England in 1889 about 20% of the area of Middlesex, along with a third of its population, was transferred to the County of London, and the remainder formed a smaller county, in the north-west, under the control of Middlesex County Council.
In the interwar years urban London had further expanded, with increasing suburbanisation, improvement and expansion of public transport, and the setting up of new industries outside the inner London area. After the Second World War, the population of the County of London and inner Middlesex was in steady decline, with new population growth only experienced in the outer suburbs. After a Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London, almost all of the original area was incorporated into an enlarged Greater London in 1965, with small parts transferred to neighbouring Hertfordshire and Surrey. Despite the disappearance of the county council, Middlesex is still used as an area name and was retained as a postal county; which is now an optional component of postal addresses.
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Mill Hill
Coordinates: 51°37′N 0°14′W / 51.62°N 0.23°W / 51.62; -0.23
Mill Hill is a suburb in the London Borough of Barnet. It is a area situated 9 miles (14.3 km) north west of Charing Cross. Mill Hill was in the historic county of Middlesex until it was absorbed by London. Mill Hill consists of several distinct parts: the old original centre based around Mill Hill Village; the later-developed but now main hub of the area at Mill Hill Broadway, and the area around Mill Hill East. A further area at the western edge of the suburb, The Hale, is on the borders of Mill Hill and Edgware, and is partly in each.
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Mill Hill Park
Mill Hill Park is a large (14.3 hectare) public park in Mill Hill in the London Borough of Barnet. It one of Barnet's premier parks and it has been given a Green Flag Award.
The park straddles the A1 with the main park to the east linked by an underpass to a smaller mainly grassed area to the west. It has formal flowerbeds, large areas of mown grassland, many impressive mature trees, and a Community Forest Nature Reserve, planted in 1993-94. Recreational facilities include a cricket pitch, football pitches, three tennis courts, a basketball court, two bowling greens, crazy golf, children's playgrounds, a cafe, car parks and toilets. It is supported by a full time keeper and an active Friends of Mill Hill Park.
There is access from Wise Lane, Daws Lane, Flower Lane, Watford Way and The Rise.
The land was once part of Daws Farm, which is believed to have been named after Thomas Daws, who lived in the area in the fourteenth century. In 1923 Hendon District Council purchased the farmland, and it was opened as a park in 1924. In 1965 Hendon became part of the London Borough of Barnet, which has managed the park since then.
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Mitcham
Coordinates: 51°24′03″N 0°09′06″W / 51.4009°N 0.1517°W / 51.4009; -0.1517
Mitcham is a district in the south west area of London, in the London Borough of Merton. A suburban area, Mitcham is located on the border of Inner London and Outer London. It is both residentially and financially developed, well served by Transport for London, and home to Mitcham Town Centre, Mitcham Common, Mitcham Library, and Mitcham Cricket Green. Nearby districts include Wimbledon, Streatham, Tooting, Morden and Sutton.
Mitcham is on the east side of the London Borough of Merton and is bounded by the London Borough of Wandsworth, the London Borough of Croydon, the London Borough of Lambeth and the London Borough of Sutton. Mitcham is close to Wimbledon, Croydon, Streatham and Tooting. The River Wandle bounds the town to the southwest. The original village lies in the west, although expansion has pushed the eastern boundary the furthest. Mitcham Common takes up the greater part of the boundary and area to the south.
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Monken Hadley
Coordinates: 51°39′45″N 0°11′56″W / 51.6624°N 0.1990°W / 51.6624; -0.1990
Monken Hadley is a place in the London Borough of Barnet. An ancient country village north of Barnet, it is now a suburban development situated on the very edge of Greater London 11 miles (18 km) north north-west of Charing Cross, while retaining much of its rural character.
Monken Hadley was originally a civil parish of Middlesex forming part of a small protrusion into Hertfordshire. In 1889, under the Local Government Act 1888, the civil parish was transferred to Hertfordshire. Under the Local Government Act 1894 the parish was split with a Hadley parish becoming part of the Barnet Urban District, while the remaining part of the parish became part of the East Barnet Urban District of Hertfordshire. In 1965, under the London Government Act 1963, its area was transferred to Greater London and combined with that of other districts formerly in Hertfordshire and Middlesex to form the present-day London Borough of Barnet.
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Monken Hadley Common
Monken Hadley Common is a Local Nature Reserve, Borough Grade I, in Monken Hadley in the London Borough of Barnet. It is owned by the Trustees of Monken Hadley Common.
It is a large area of about 70 hectares between Monken Hadley and Cockfosters. The Common is 1.5 miles long and wedge shaped, half a mile wide at the Monken Hadley end tapering to a point at the Cockfosters end. It is a remnant of the former Royal Forest of Enfield Chase, which was enclosed by an Act of Parliament of 1777. A small part was allotted to the village of Monken Hadley, and this is the only land which has remained as a Common. Until the 1950s, the Commoners exercised their rights to use the land for grazing. The Common is bisected by the East Coast Main Railway Line.
The Common is mostly wooded, dominated by pedunculate oak, with some hornbeam, beech and field maples. Holly forms a dense understorey in some places, while elsewhere a more diverse shrub layer includes Midland hawthorn and hazel. Several ground flora species are ancient woodland indicators, suggesting that fragments have survived from before the time when the common was managed as wood-pasture. Butterflies include white-letter and purple hairstreaks, and there are breeding birds such as sparrowhawk and tawny owl.
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Morden
Coordinates: 51°24′05″N 0°11′42″W / 51.4015°N 0.1949°W / 51.4015; -0.1949
Morden is a district in the London Borough of Merton. It is located approximately 8 miles (13 km) South-southwest of central London between Merton Park (to the north), Mitcham (to the east), Sutton (to the south) and Worcester Park (to the west).
Morden might get its name either from the British language words Mawr (great or large) and Dun (a fort), or possibly "The Town on the Moor".
Human activity in Morden dates back to the prehistoric period when Celtic tribes are known to have occupied areas around Wimbledon, but the first significant development in Morden was the construction of the Roman road called Stane Street from Chichester to London.
The route of Stane Street through Morden followed the current A24, London Road up Stonecot Hill from the south west crossing Morden Park to the west of the current dual carriageway road and passing through the pitch and putt golf course and the grounds of St Lawrence's Church. The road then descended the other side of the hill towards the town centre passing west of the Underground station and crossing the north corner of Morden Hall Park heading in the direction of Colliers Wood and Tooting. Small Roman artifacts, mainly coins and pottery, have been found at various locations within the area although there is no evidence of any settlement.
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Muswell Hill
Coordinates: 51°35′31″N 0°08′35″W / 51.592°N 0.143°W / 51.592; -0.143
Muswell Hill is a suburb of north London, mostly in the London Borough of Haringey. It is situated about 6 miles (10 km) north of Charing Cross and around 8 miles (13 km) from the City of London. Muswell Hill is in the N10 postal district and mostly in the Hornsey and Wood Green parliamentary constituency.
The earliest records of Muswell Hill date from the 12th century. The Bishop of London, who was the Lord of the Manor of Harringay, owned the area and granted 65 acres (263,000 m²), located to the east of Colney Hatch Lane, to a newly formed order of nuns. The nuns built a chapel on the site and called it ‘Our Lady of Muswell’.
The name Muswell is believed to come from a natural spring or well (the "Mossy Well"), said to have miraculous properties. The traditional story tells that a Scottish king was cured of disease after drinking the water of the spring/well. The area became a place of pilgrimage for healing during medieval times. The River Moselle, which has its source in Muswell Hill and Highgate, derives its name from this district; it was originally known as the Mosa or Mosella.
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Mutton Brook
Mutton Brook is a stream which runs between East Finchley and Hendon in the London Borough of Barnet. It is a tributary of the River Brent, which is itself a tributary of the River Thames.
The Brook rises in Cherry Tree Wood and flows underground to emerge at the back of Belvedere Court, Lyttleton Road. It then passes under Lyttleton Road and flows along the south side of the road and Falloden Way through Lyttleton Playing Fields, Fletchers Gardens and Northway Gardens. Near Brookland Rise, it crosses briefly to the north side of Falloden Way before crossing back to Brookside Walk. It passes under Finchley Road at Henlys Corner and then under the North Circular Road to meet Dollis Brook close to Bridge Lane. The two brooks then become the River Brent.
The brook is confined in a concrete or wood channel along the whole of its length, and the water quality is often poor. However, from Lyttleton Playing Fields to the junction with Dollis Brook its route is almost all through local parks. The downstream section is lined by oak, ash and willow trees, providing a good habitat for birds, and it is a Local Nature Reserve.
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New Barnet
Coordinates: 51°38′38″N 0°10′15″W / 51.6440°N 0.1708°W / 51.6440; -0.1708
New Barnet is an area within the London Borough of Barnet. It is a largely residential North London suburb, close to the M25, A1 and M1.
New Barnet owes its conception to the building of the Great Northern Railway in 1850, when a station serving High Barnet was built, but located about a mile away from the town centre of High Barnet, so that this 'new' area quickly saw development. The main road (A110), Station Road and East Barnet Road, connects Barnet to East Barnet and is well served by buses.
From 1894 New Barnet formed part of the East Barnet Urban District of Hertfordshire until 1965 when it was transferred from Hertfordshire to Greater London to become part of the newly-created London Borough of Barnet. The former town hall still stands in Station Road. Local government use ended in the early 1990s and the property was sold off for use as a restaurant. In 2006 the building was being converted into flats.
The main commercial area in New Barnet is on East Barnet Road, near the railway station. A number of office blocks were built in Station Road in the 1960s & 70s. Some have now been converted to flats. A large Sainsbury's supermarket (opened 30 September 1980) is surrounded by a cluster of small independent shops. These local shops are under threat of demolition from large schemes planned by Tesco and Asda stores. Although there is some local concern about the two planned developments, many residents have noted that the town centre urgently requires some sort of redevelopment.
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New Cross
Coordinates: 51°28′15″N 0°02′01″W / 51.4709°N 0.0337°W / 51.4709; -0.0337
New Cross is a district and ward of the London Borough of Lewisham, England. It is situated 4 miles south-east of Charing Cross. The ward covered by London post town and the SE 14 postcode district. New Cross is near St Johns, Telegraph Hill, Nunhead, Peckham, Brockley, Deptford and Greenwich. New Cross is home to Goldsmiths, University of London, Haberdashers' Aske's Hatcham College and Addey and Stanhope School.
New Cross Gate, on the west of New Cross, is named after the New Cross tollgate, established in 1718 by the New Cross Turnpike Trust. It is the location of New Cross Gate station. New Cross Gate corresponds to the manor and district formerly known as Hatcham.
The area was originally known as Hatcham (the name persists in the title of the Anglican parishes of St. James, Hatcham along with its school, and All Saints, Hatcham Park). The earliest reference to Hatcham is the Domesday Book of 1086 as Hacheham. It was held by the Bishop of Lisieux from the Bishop of Bayeux. According to the entry in the Domesday Book Hatcham's assets were: 3 hides; 3 ploughs, 6 acres (24,000 m2) of meadow, woodland worth 3 hog and rendered £2.
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New Malden
Coordinates: 51°24′00″N 0°15′07″W / 51.40°N 0.252°W / 51.40; -0.252
New Malden is a small town and shopping centre in the south-western London suburbs, mostly within the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames and partly in the London Borough of Merton, and is situated 9.4 miles (15.1 km) from Charing Cross. Nearby towns are Kingston upon Thames, Raynes Park, Surbiton, Berrylands, Tolworth and Worcester Park.
New Malden was established entirely as a result of the arrival of the railway when what is now called New Malden railway station was opened on 1 December 1846 on the main line from Waterloo. However, when Queen Victoria visited distinguished residents in the Coombe Hill area, the royal train always continued to Norbiton station where the platform was at ground level.
Building started slowly in the area north of the station, gathering pace in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries with two- and three-bedroom terraced houses. Further out are larger detached and semi-detached houses from the 1930s. The road up the hill to Coombe, Traps Lane, is thought to derive from a farm owned by a Mrs Trap.
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New Southgate
Coordinates: 51°36′49″N 0°08′31″W / 51.6136°N 0.1419°W / 51.6136; -0.1419
New Southgate is a residential suburb in the south-east corner of the London Borough of Barnet and the south-west corner of the London Borough of Enfield in North London, England.
The area is situated at the meeting point of three boroughs (known as the 'golden triangle'): Barnet, Enfield and Haringey. It is close to Southgate but is regarded as a separate "village".
The postcode area N11 - which includes parts of Arnos Grove, Bounds Green and Friern Barnet, as well as New Southgate - is often still referred to simply as New Southgate, as in the original alphabetical listing of North London postal areas.
The area is served by New Southgate railway station and Arnos Grove tube station.
Much of New Southgate was once the hamlet of Betstyle, a name that was resurrected in the latter part of the 20th century when the road junction once called Lander's Corner (after the local monumental masons A.K. Lander) became a large roundabout and was renamed Betstyle Circus. The roundabout links Bowes Road, Friern Barnet Lane, Oakleigh Road South, Brunswick Park Road and Waterfall Road, which lead respectively to Arnos Grove, Friern Barnet, Whetstone, East Barnet/New Barnet and Southgate. The name New Southgate was adopted in the mid-19th century, probably shortly after the opening of both the railway station (originally called Colney Hatch after the hamlet west of Betstile) and Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum, which lay just inside the neighbouring parish of Friern Barnet.
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North Finchley
Coordinates: 51°37′01″N 0°10′26″W / 51.617°N 0.174°W / 51.617; -0.174
North Finchley is a suburb of London in the London Borough of Barnet, situated 7 miles (11.3 km) north-west of Charing Cross.
North Finchley is centred on Tally Ho Corner, the junction of the roads to East Finchley, Finchley Central and Whetstone.
It is primarily a residential and shopping area, with several supermarkets and many restaurants. The artsdepot, a local community arts centre including a gallery, a studio and a theatre, opened on October 23, 2004, in an attempt to revitalise the area and to fill a gap created by the demolition of the Gaumont cinema, and what had become an open air market.
The area has mainly 19th century housing ranging from quaint Victorian cottages to substantially larger Victorian double-fronted houses. There is also a dominant Edwardian style toward Woodside Park and Nether Street but with some modern houses, probably built between 1930s and 1960s, towards Friern Barnet. On Friern Barnet Lane there are some mansion style properties and on Tally-Ho corner, a development of luxury flats, above the artsdepot with views over Mill Hill and Hertfordshire. There are few Local Authority estates in the area but the largest, and still pleasant, is in Woodside Park where ex-Spice Girl Emma Bunton grew up.
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Oakleigh Park
Coordinates: 51°37′34″N 0°10′18″W / 51.6260°N 0.1716°W / 51.6260; -0.1716
Oakleigh Park is a loosely defined area in the north of the London Borough of Barnet. It adjoins Whetstone, and is often regarded either as part of that or of East Barnet. However it has its own identity and its own railway station.
The principal road is Oakleigh Road North. Turnings off this road include Oakleigh Park North, Oakleigh Avenue and Oakleigh Park South. There is also a small shopping parade on Netherlands Road just to the north of the railway station. The name is a relatively modern invention, the station being called that when it opened in 1873.
Transport for London bus route 383 stops directly outside Oakleigh Park railway station, as well as operating a Hail and Ride service along Netherlands Road and Oakleigh Park North/Athenaeum Road. Buses run towards Barnet (the Spires) or towards Woodside Park tube station, every 30 minutes Mondays to Saturdays except late evenings. There is currently no service on this route on Sundays or public holidays.
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Orpington
Coordinates: 51°22′27″N 0°05′55″E / 51.3741°N 0.0986°E / 51.3741; 0.0986
Orpington is a suburban town and electoral ward in the London Borough of Bromley. It forms the southeastern edge of London's urban sprawl and is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Stone Age tools have been found in several areas of Orpington, including Goddington Park, Priory Gardens, the Ramsden estate, and Poverest. Early Bronze Age pottery fragments have been found in the Park Avenue area. During the building of Ramsden Boys School in 1956, the remains of an Iron Age farmstead were excavated. The area was occupied in Roman times, as shown by Crofton Roman Villa, and the Roman bath-house at Fordcroft. The first record of the name Orpington occurs in 1038, when King Cnut's treasurer Eadsy gave land at "Orpedingetune" to the Monastery of Christ Church at Canterbury. The parish church also pre-dates the Domesday Book.
Until the railway came, the local commercial centre was nearby St Mary Cray, rather than Orpington. St Mary Cray had a regular market, and industry (paper mills and bell foundry), whereas Orpington was just a small country village surrounded by soft fruit farms, hopfields and orchards.
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Osidge
Coordinates: 51°38′04″N 0°08′32″W / 51.6345°N 0.1423°W / 51.6345; -0.1423
Osidge is a district in the London Borough of Barnet, just west of the border with the London Borough of Enfield. It may be defined as the part of postal district N14 that is in Barnet.
Major buildings in Osidge include Ashmole School, Osidge Primary School and Osidge Health Centre.
The two main roads in Osidge are Osidge Lane and Hampden Way, which meet at a roundabout called Hampden Square. Around the roundabout are several parades of shops and the Osidge Arms pub. South and west of this roundabout is a large area of green belt land, crossed by Pymmes Brook and leading down to New Southgate Cemetery. Another road, Whitehouse Way, provided the backdrop to scenes from Mike Leigh’s film Secrets and Lies.
The name is Anglo-Saxon, meaning 'hedge belonging to someone named Osa'. It was first recorded in 1176, in a charter from Henry II to the Abbot of St Albans referring to the abbot's woodland property here. The land was sold after the Dissolution of the Monasteries and a large house was built and parkland laid out. A condition of tenure was that the woods should supply faggots for the burning of heretics. In 1652, the house became the residence of the Hadley family. They were associated with four places in the north of Barnet, Hadley Wood, Hadley Green, Monken Hadley and Hadley Highstone, though they obtained their name from these areas, not vice versa.
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Paddington
Coordinates: 51°31′02″N 0°10′23″W / 51.5172°N 0.1730°W / 51.5172; -0.1730
Paddington is a district within the City of Westminster, in central London, England. Formerly a metropolitan borough, it was integrated with Westminster and Greater London in 1965. Three important landmarks of the district are Paddington station, designed by the celebrated engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel and opened in 1847; St Mary's Hospital and Paddington Green Police Station (the most important high-security police station in the United Kingdom).
A major project called Paddington Waterside aims to regenerate former railway and canal land between 1998 and 2018, and the area is seeing many new developments.
The earliest extant reference to Padington, historically a part of Middlesex, was made in 1056.[citation needed]
In the later Elizabethan and early Stuart era, the rectory and associated estate houses were occupied by the Small (or Smale) family. Nicholas Small was a clothworker sufficiently well connected to have his new wife's (Jane Small) portrait painted by Holbein. Nicholas died in 1565 and his wife married again, to Nicholas Parkinson, who also resided in Paddington. Parkinson went on to be the Master of the Clothworker's company. Jane Small continued to live in Paddington after her second husband's death, and her manor house was big enough to have been let to Sir John Popham, the attorney general, in the 1580s. At this time there was an inn attached to the estate, named Blowers.
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Peckham
Coordinates: 51°28′17″N 0°03′45″W / 51.4714°N 0.0625°W / 51.4714; -0.0625
Peckham ( /ˈpɛkəm/) is a district in south London, England, located in the London Borough of Southwark. It is situated 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. The 2001 Census recorded a population of 11,381 in the Peckham ward of Southwark and the Office for National Statistics estimated 19,500 residents in the Peckham Community Council area in 2005.
'Peckham' is a Saxon place name meaning the village of the River Peck, a small stream that ran through the district until it was enclosed in 1823. Archaeological evidence indicates earlier Roman occupation in the area, although the name of this settlement is lost.
Peckham appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Pecheham. It was held by the Bishop of Lisieux from the Bishop of Bayeux. Its Domesday assets were: 2 hides. It had land for 1 plough, 2 acres (8,100 m2) of meadow. It rendered £1 10s 0d (£1.50).
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Penge
Coordinates: 51°25′03″N 0°03′53″W / 51.4174°N 0.0648°W / 51.4174; -0.0648
Penge is a suburb of London in the London Borough of Bromley. It is located 7.1 miles (11.4 km) south east of Charing Cross.
Penge was once a small town, which was recorded under the name Penceat in a Saxon deed dating from 957. Most historians believe the name of the town is derived from the Celtic word Penceat which means "edge of wood" and refers to the fact that the surrounding area was once covered in a dense forest. The original Celtic words of which the name was composed referred to pen "head", as in the Welsh pen, and ceat "wood", similar to the Welsh coed, as in the name of the town of Pencoed in Wales.
Penge formed a part of the parish of Battersea, with the historic county boundary between Kent and Surrey forming its eastern boundary. In 1855 both parts of the parish were included in the area of the Metropolitan Board of Works, with Penge Hamlet Vestry electing six members to the Lewisham District Board of Works. The Local Government Act 1888 abolished the Metropolitan Board, with its area becoming the County of London. However the London Government Act 1899 subsequently made provision for Penge to be removed from the County of London and annexed to either Surrey or Kent. Accordingly, an Order in Council transferred the hamlet to Kent in 1900, constituting it as Penge Urban District. The urban district was abolished in 1965 by the London Government Act 1963, and its former area merged with that of other districts to form the London Borough of Bromley. With the creation of the Penge Urban District, Penge New Road (formerly the part of Beckenham Road north of Kent House Road) was renamed Penge High Street.
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Phoenix Cinema
The Phoenix Cinema is an independent cinema in East Finchley, London, which was built in 1910 and opened in 1912 as the 'East Finchley Picturedrome'. It is the 2nd oldest continuously-running cinema in the UK (the Duke of York's Picture House, Brighton is the oldest), and shows mainly arthouse films.
It is distinctive on East Finchley's high road by its large neon sign on the side of the building. Its patrons are Maureen Lipman, Mike Leigh, Ken Loach, Michael Palin, Bill Paterson, Victoria Wood and Mark Kermode. It is run by a trust for the community.
The 1909 Cinematograph Act introduced laws to make cinemas safer. As a result, more purpose-built cinemas began to appear from 1910 onwards including this one. The Phoenix Cinema was built in 1910 by Premier Electric Theatres, however the company went bankrupt before the cinema could be opened. In 1912, the building was purchased by businessmen who had been involved in setting up East Sheen Picturedrome. They finally opened it as 'The East Finchley Picturedrome' in May 1912 with 428 seats. The first screening was of a film about the tragic Titanic ocean liner which has recently sunk. The natural fall of the land was utilised for the sloped seating with the screen at the High Road end.
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Pinner
Coordinates: 51°35′36″N 0°23′22″W / 51.5932°N 0.3894°W / 51.5932; -0.3894
Pinner is a suburb in the London Borough of Harrow in London, England, 12.2 miles north west of Charing Cross.
Pinner was originally a hamlet, first recorded in 1231 as Pinnora, although the already archaic -ora (meaning 'hill') suggests its origins lie no later than c.900.
The area was in the county of Middlesex until 1965, when it was absorbed by the London Government Act 1963 into Greater London.
The oldest part of the village lies around the fourteenth-century parish church of St John the Baptist, at the junction of the present day Grange Gardens, The High Street and Church Lane. The earliest surviving private dwelling, East End Farm Cottage, dates from the late fifteenth-century.
The village expanded rapidly between 1923 and 1939 when a series of garden estates – encouraged by the Metropolitan Railway – grew around its historic core, and it was largely from this time onwards that the area (including Hatch End, which forms the northeastern part of Pinner) assumed much of its present-day suburban character. The area is now continuous with neighbouring suburban districts including Rayners Lane and Eastcote.
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Putney
Coordinates: 51°27′54″N 0°13′16″W / 51.4649°N 0.2211°W / 51.4649; -0.2211
Putney is a district in south-west London, England, located in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It is situated 5.1 miles (8.2 km) south-west of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Putney was an ancient parish in the Brixton hundred of the county of Surrey. In 1855 the parish was included in the area of responsibility of the Metropolitan Board of Works and was grouped into the Wandsworth District. In 1889 the area was removed from Surrey and became part of the County of London. The Wandsworth District became the Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth in 1900. Since 1965 Putney has formed part of the London Borough of Wandsworth in Greater London.
Putney appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Putelei. It was noted that it was not a manor, but obtained 20 shillings from the ferry or market toll at Putney belonging to Mortlake.
The ferry was mentioned in the household accounts of Edward I (1272–1307): Robert the Ferryman of Putney and other sailors received 3/6d for carrying a great part of the royal family across the Thames and also for taking the king and his family to Westminster.
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River Brent
The Brent is a river within Greater London which is a tributary of the River Thames. It is 17.9 miles (29 km) long, running north-east to south-west, and it joins the Thames on the Tideway at Brentford, Hounslow.
A letter from the Bishop of London in AD 705 suggesting a meeting at Breguntford now Brentford, is the earliest record of this place and probably therefore that of the river, suggesting that the name may be related to the Celtic *brigant- meaning "high" or "elevated" perhaps linked to the goddess Brigantia
The River Thames can first be identified as a discrete drainage line as early as 58 million years ago, in the Thanetian stage of the late Palaeocene epoch. Until around half a million years ago, the Thames flowed on its existing course through what is now Oxfordshire, before turning to the north east through Hertfordshire and East Anglia and reaching the North Sea near Ipswich. At this time the river system headwaters lay in the English West Midlands and may, at times, have received drainage from the North Wales Berwyn Mountains. The river Brent and its valley's formation was the result of glacial action during the ice age which had started some 500,000 years ago. Back then, the major drainage channel for this part of England (or early proto-Thames) was several miles to the north and travelled east, past present day Ipswich in East Anglia. The River Brent and other streams and rivers like Colne Brook and Bollo Brook either flowed in to the then river Thames or went out to sea on the path of the present day river Thames.
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Romford
Coordinates: 51°34′36″N 0°10′48″E / 51.5768°N 0.1801°E / 51.5768; 0.1801
Romford is a large suburban town in northeast London, England and the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Havering. It is located 14.1 miles (22.7 km) northeast of Charing Cross and is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. It was historically a market town in the county of Essex and formed the administrative centre of the liberty of Havering, until it was dissolved in 1892. Good road links and the opening of the railway station in 1839 were key to the development of the town and the economic history of Romford is underpinned by a shift from agriculture to light industry and more recently to retail and commerce. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Romford significantly expanded and increased in population,becoming a municipal borough in 1937 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. It now forms one of the largest commercial, retail, entertainment and leisure districts outside central London and has a developed night time economy.
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Rowley Green Common
Rowley Green Common is a five hectare nature reserve in Arkley, London. It is a Local Nature Reserve which is designated a Site of Metropolitan Importance. It is owned by the London Borough of Barnet and jointly managed by the Hertfordshire and Middlesex Wildlife Trust and the London Wildlife Trust.
It is mainly woodland and heathland, although the most important habitat is Sphagnum bog, one of very few left in London. A large pond is also of botanical interest.
It was once part of Shenleybury Manor in the parish of Shenley, Hertfordshire. The site has a long history of use. Gravel was once dug on it and this led to the formation of ponds and bog hollows. Cattle were grazed on it until the 1940s and the army used it for manoeuvres during the Second World War. Rowley Green was obtained as public open space in 1934 when Barnet Urban District Council bought the land from the Lord of the Manor. It was declared a Local Nature Reserve by the London Borough of Barnet in 1991, the first site in the borough to gain this status.
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Ruislip
Coordinates: 51°34′34″N 0°25′59″W / 51.576°N 0.433°W / 51.576; -0.433
Ruislip ( /ˈraɪslɪp/ RY-slip) is a suburban area, centred on an old village in Greater London, and is part of the London Borough of Hillingdon.
It was formerly also a parish covering the neighbouring areas of Eastcote, Northwood, Ruislip Manor and South Ruislip in the area. The parish appears in the Domesday Book, and some of the earliest settlements still exist today, designated as local heritage sites. The parish church, St Martin's, dates back to the 13th century and remains in use. The buildings at the northern end of Ruislip High Street form the core of the original village square and are now Grade II listed. It originally featured a central water pump which was moved out of the road in the 1970s as a result of increased traffic.
The expansion of the Metropolitan Railway in the early 20th century acted as a catalyst for development in the area. A station was opened in Ruislip in 1904 and the parish council created a new urban district to address the forthcoming population growth. The Ruislip-Northwood Urban District continued until 1965 when Ruislip became part of the newly established London Borough of Hillingdon. Between 1911 and 1961, Ruislip-Northwood experienced a significant rise in population, from 6,217 to 72,791, largely attributed to the extension of the railway.
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Scratchwood
Scratchwood is an extensive, mainly wooded, country park in Mill Hill in the London Borough of Barnet. The 55 hectare site was designated a Local Nature Reserve in 1997, and it is a Site of Metropolitan Importance. Part of it is ancient forest, a fragment of the vast Middlesex forest which grew up after the last ice age, the Younger Dryas, ended 11,500 years ago.
The ancient woodland consists mainly of sessile oak and hornbeam, with some wild service trees, while secondary woodland areas are mainly birch, hawthorns and sycamore. The herb rich grassland and the pond have a number of rare plants. Breeding birds include nuthatch, lesser whitethroat and cuckoo.
The area of Scratchwood south of the entrance was once hay meadows, growing food for London's vast horse population, but in 1866 Scratchwood and neighbouring Moat Mount open space were part of a 400 hectare estate which was purchased by Edward William Cox, and Scratchwood was then used for sport and rearing game. The areas which are now nature reserves were purchased by Hendon Urban District Council in 1923.
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Shoreditch
Coordinates: 51°31′34″N 0°04′41″W / 51.526°N 0.078°W / 51.526; -0.078
Shoreditch is an area of London within the London Borough of Hackney in England. It is a built-up part of the inner city immediately to the north of the City of London, located 2.5 miles (4.0 km) east-northeast of Charing Cross.
The etymology of 'Shoreditch' is debated. One legend holds that the place was originally named "Shore's Ditch", after Jane Shore, the mistress of Edward IV, who is supposed to have died or been buried in a ditch in the area. This legend is commemorated today by a large painting, at Haggerston Branch Library, of Jane Shore being retrieved from the ditch, and by a design on glazed tiles in a shop in Shoreditch High Street showing her meeting Edward IV.
However, the area was known as "Soersditch" long before Jane Shore's life. A more plausible origin for the name is "Sewer Ditch", in reference to a drain or watercourse in what was once a boggy area. It may have referred to the headwaters of the river Walbrook, which rose in the Curtain Road area.
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Sidcup
Coordinates: 51°25′35″N 0°06′09″E / 51.4263°N 0.1024°E / 51.4263; 0.1024
Sidcup is a district in South East London in the London Borough of Bexley and small parts of the district in the Royal Borough of Greenwich.Located 11.3 miles (18.2 km) south east of Charing Cross, Sidcup is bordered by the London Boroughs of Greenwich and Bromley and Kent County Council, and whilst now part of Greater London, was once referred to as the gateway to Kent. Sidcup retains Kent as its county reference, (much like most of Outer London with the other Home counties, although small parts of Sidcup correspond with the London postal address such as SE9.
Sidcup has a mixture of large Victorian and Edwardian properties alongside typical 1930s suburbia, primarily owner occupied semi-detached and detached housing. It retains many parks and open spaces hinting at the great estates and large homes which once stood in the area.
The town contains a major hospital, a recently opened sports and leisure centre, as well as two colleges (Bird College and Rose Bruford College). The town centre has a mix of high street stores, independent shops, a modern library, coffee shops, and several pubs. A Waitrose store and Travelodge (budget motel) are due to open in the town in mid 2012, on the site of a former pub, the Black Horse. Sidcup contains a number of districts, some of them once villages in their own right - Blackfen, Foots Cray, Longlands, and Lamorbey.
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Soho
Coordinates: 51°30′47″N 0°07′52″W / 51.513°N 0.131°W / 51.513; -0.131
Soho is an area of the City of Westminster and part of the West End of London. Long established as an entertainment district, for much of the 20th century Soho had a reputation for sex shops as well as night life and film industry. Since the early 1980s, the area has undergone considerable transformation. It now is predominantly a fashionable district of upmarket restaurants and media offices, with only a small remnant of sex industry venues.
The area of Soho was grazing farmland until 1536, when it was taken by Henry VIII as a royal park for the Palace of Whitehall. The name "Soho" first appears in the 17th century. Most authorities believe that the name derives from a former hunting cry. The Duke of Monmouth used "soho" as a rallying call for his men at the Battle of Sedgemoor, half a century after the name was first used for this area of London.
In the 1660s the Crown granted Soho Fields to Henry Jermyn, 1st Earl of St Albans. He leased 19 of its 22 acres (89,000 m2) to Joseph Girle, who gained permission to build and promptly passed his lease and licence to bricklayer Richard Frith in 1677. Frith began the development. In 1698 William III granted the Crown freehold of most of this area to William, Earl of Portland. Meanwhile the southern part of what became the parish of St. Anne, Soho, was sold by the Crown in parcels in the 16th and 17th centuries, with part going to Robert Sidney, Earl of Leicester.
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South Norwood
Coordinates: 51°23′58″N 0°04′29″W / 51.3995°N 0.0747°W / 51.3995; -0.0747
South Norwood is an urban town and in south London, England, in the London Borough of Croydon. It is a suburban development 7.8 miles (12.5 km) south-east of Charing Cross. South Norwood is an electoral with a resident population in 2001 of just over 14,000. A tributary of the River Wandle, which rises in Merton, ends in South Norwood.
The south-eastern side of the town is dominated by the 125-acre (0.51 km2) country park which opened in 1989. At the other northern end of the town is South Norwood Lake, which was created after the reservoir for the unsuccessful Croydon Canal went out of use. It is used by the Croydon Sailing Club and local anglers who fish for carp, bream and perch.
Together with Norwood New Town, it forms the ward of South Norwood in the local authority of Croydon. There are two secondary schools in the area along with a public leisure centre. The town has a high street which forms part of Selhurst Road which includes a number of banks, estate agents and a coffee house. It is a commuter town, with many residents travelling to either the financial and insurance districts of Croydon or the City of London for employment via the large railway station. The town and surrounding areas are covered by the London SE25 postcode.
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Southall
Coordinates: 51°30′44″N 0°22′40″W / 51.5121°N 0.3779°W / 51.5121; -0.3779
Southall is a large suburban district of west London, England, and part of the London Borough of Ealing. It is situated 10.7 miles (17.2 km) west of Charing Cross. Neighbouring places include Yeading, Hayes, Hanwell, Heston, Hounslow, Greenford and Northolt. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Southall is located on the Grand Union Canal (formerly the Grand Junction Canal) which first linked London with the rest of the growing canal system. It was one of the last canals to carry significant commercial traffic (through the 1950s) and is still open to traffic and is used by pleasure craft.
The town has one of the largest concentrations of South Asian people outside of the Indian sub-continent.
The name Southall derives from the Anglo-Saxon dative æt súð healum, "At the south corner (of the land or wood)" and súð heal, "South corner" and separates it from Northolt which was originally norþ heal, "North corner" which through a later association with Anglo-Saxon holt, "Wood, copse" developed into Northolt.[citation needed]
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Southwark
Coordinates: 51°29′56″N 0°05′24″W / 51.4988°N 0.0901°W / 51.4988; -0.0901
Southwark (pronounced /ˈsʌðərk/ SUDH-ərk) is a district of south London, England, and the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Southwark. Situated 1.5 miles (2.4 km) east of Charing Cross, it forms one of the oldest parts of London and fronts the River Thames to the north. It historically formed an ancient borough in the county of Surrey, made up of a number of parishes, which increasingly came under the influence and jurisdiction of the City of London. As an inner district of London, Southwark experienced rapid depopulation during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is now at an advanced stage of regeneration and is the location of the City Hall offices of the Greater London Authority.
The name Suthriganaweorc or Suthringa geweorche is recorded for the area in the 10th century Anglo-Saxon document known as the Burghal Hidage and means "fort of the men of Surrey" or "the defensive work of the men of Surrey". Southwark is recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book as Sudweca. The name means "southern defensive work" and is formed from the Old English sūth and weorc. The southern location is in reference to the City of London to the north, Southwark being at the southern end of London Bridge. The name has been used for various areas of civil administration, including the ancient Borough of Southwark, the Metropolitan Borough of Southwark and the current London Borough of Southwark. The ancient borough of Southwark was also known simply as The Borough —or Borough— and this name, in distinction from 'The City', has persisted as an alternative name for the area. Southwark was also simultaneously referred to as the Ward of Bridge Without when administered by the City (from 1550 to 1900 and as an Aldermanry until 1978.
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Stepney
Coordinates: 51°30′55″N 0°02′46″W / 51.5152°N 0.0462°W / 51.5152; -0.0462
Stepney is a district of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in London's East End that grew out of a medieval village around St Dunstan's church and the 15th century ribbon development of Mile End Road. The area built up rapidly in the 19th century, mainly to accommodate immigrant workers and displaced London poor, and developed a reputation for poverty, overcrowding, violence and political dissent. It was severely damaged during the Blitz, with over a third of housing totally destroyed; and then, in the 1960s, slum clearance and development replaced most residential streets with tower blocks and modern housing estates. Some Georgian architecture and Victorian era terraced housing survive in patches: for example Arbour Square, the eastern side of Stepney Green, and the streets around Matlock Street.
The area has not yet experienced the levels of gentrification seen in nearby Bow, Wapping and Limehouse but some redevelopment has taken place. The former Arbour Square Police Station and the East End Mission building are also being redeveloped.
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Sternberg Centre
Coordinates: 51°35′43″N 0°11′22″W / 51.59528°N 0.18944°W / 51.59528; -0.18944
The Sternberg Centre for Judaism, in East End Road, Finchley, London, is a campus hosting a number of Jewish institutions, built around the 18th-century Finchley manor house.
It was originally founded to facilitate a number of Reform and Liberal Jewish institutions, attached to the Movement for Reform Judaism (formerly: Reform Synagogues of Great Britain) principally through education and cultural means. The centre was opened in 1981 by the Manor House Trust and is now named after Sigmund Sternberg. The founding organisations are: Leo Baeck college and the Akiva School, the first Reform Jewish day school in England (also opened in 1981). Later the (Masorti) New North London Synagogue also located there.
The centre also hosted the Jewish Museum, Finchley until 2007; the offices of RSY Netzer, The Zionist Youth Movement for Reform Judaism, are also located there.
The synagogue, which is affiliated to the Masorti movement, was founded by followers of Louis Jacobs, and located to the Sternberg Centre site after some years of nomadic exstence. The congregation, which now has about 2,400 members, has recently raised over £6m. to construct a new synagogue building on the site, which was opened in 2011. The synagogue's rabbi is Jonathan Wittenberg.
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Stoke Newington
Coordinates: 51°33′41″N 0°04′23″W / 51.5615°N 0.0731°W / 51.5615; -0.0731
Stoke Newington is a district in the London Borough of Hackney. It is 5 miles (8 km) north-east of Charing Cross.
In modern terms, Stoke Newington (informally known as Stokey) can be roughly defined by the N16 postcode area (though this also includes parts of Stamford Hill and the almost extinct district of Shacklewell). Its southern boundary with Dalston is quite ill-defined too, but it was once a well-defined administrative unit. In 1899 the Metropolitan Borough of Stoke Newington was formed out of the greater part of the parish of that name. The resulting boundaries seem rather anomalous now; the entire eastern side of Stoke Newington High Street and beyond, including Stoke Newington Common, were included in the next door Metropolitan Borough of Hackney, but in fact this area was then part of the parish of Hackney – not Stoke Newington – and much of it would have been regarded as being in Shacklewell at the time. These apparent oddities became moot when in 1965, the Metropolitan Borough became part of the London Borough of Hackney. Immediately to the south of Stoke Newington is Newington Green, also ill-defined, though originally they were two distinct villages separated by a mile of fields.
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Stoneyfields Park
Stoneyfields Park is a public park in Edgware in the London Borough of Barnet.
The park is a mainly grassland area with a small wood, hedgerows and two play areas. Deans Brook, which crosses the park, has been dammed to create an ornamental lake. The lake has a fringe of vegetation dominated by great and lesser reedmace. Coots, moorhens and mallards breed on the lake, and it also supports amphibians and dragonflies.
The woodland of oak and hazel is clearly old, as are some of the hedges, and there are plants indicative of ancient woodland, such wood-sedge. Parts of the grassland are herb rich, with wild flowers such as cuckooflower.
There is access to the park from Edgware Way, Fairmead Crescent and Riverdene.
Stoneyfields Park and Deans Brook are a Local Nature Reserve, Borough Grade II.
Grassland
Wood
Lake
Dam
Play area
Coordinates: 51°37′29″N 0°15′46″W / 51.6247°N 0.2629°W / 51.6247; -0.2629
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Streatham
Coordinates: 51°25′40″N 0°07′25″W / 51.4279°N 0.1235°W / 51.4279; -0.1235
Streatham ( /ˈstrɛtəm/) is a district in South London, England, located in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is situated 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Streatham means "the hamlet on the street". The street in question, the London to Brighton Way, was the Roman Road from the capital Londinium to the coast near Portslade. It is likely that the destination was a Roman port now lost to coastal erosion, which has been tentatively identified with the 'Novus Portus' mentioned in Ptolemy's Geographia. The road is confusingly referred to as Stane Street in some sources, although it diverges from the main London-Chichester road at Kennington.
After the departure of the Romans, the main road through Streatham remained an important trackway. From the seventeenth century it was adopted as the main coach road to Croydon and East Grinstead, and then on to Newhaven and Lewes. In 1780 it then became the route of the turnpike road from London to Brighton, and subsequently became the basis for the modern A23. This road (and its traffic) have shaped Streatham's development.
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Sunny Hill Park
Sunny Hill Park is in Hendon, in the London Borough of Barnet. It is a large hilly park, 22 hectares, mainly grassed, which has extensive views to the north and the west. It is a Local Nature Reserve
The site was formerly Sunnyhill Fields, and was owned by Church Farmhouse, now the adjoining Church Farmhouse Museum. In 1921 Hendon Council purchased 16 acres for a park, which opened in 1922, and in 1929 it was enlarged when further land was acquired. An area with scattered trees in the south-east corner was formerly part of St Mary's Churchyard, an important archaeological site with evidence of Roman and Anglo-Saxon occupation. The park still has hedgerows showing former field boundaries and mature trees.
It has a cafe, a playground, tennis courts and football pitches.
There is access from Church End, Sunny Hill, Watford Way, Great North Way, Sunny Gardens Road, Sunningfields Crescent and Church Terrace.
Sunny Hill Park landscape
Sunny Hill Park on a sunny spring afternoon
Sunny Hill Park from southern end
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Surbiton
Coordinates: 51°23′32″N 0°18′11″W / 51.3923°N 0.3030°W / 51.3923; -0.3030
Surbiton, a suburban area of London in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames, is situated next to the River Thames, with a mixture of Art-Deco courts, more recent residential blocks and grand, spacious 19th century townhouses blending into a sea of semi-detached 20th century housing estates. Surbiton is a popular rail commuter town, located approximately 10 miles to the south west of central London (12 miles by rail from London Waterloo).
The town started to prosper when a plan to build the main railway line down to the south coast closer to nearby Kingston was rejected by Kingston Council, fearing the detrimental effect it would have on the busy coaching trade. This resulted in the line being routed further south, through a cutting in the hill south of Surbiton. Surbiton railway station opened in 1838, and was originally named Kingston-upon-Railway. It was only renamed Surbiton to distinguish it from the new Kingston railway station on the Shepperton branch line, which opened on 1 January 1869. The present station has a fine art deco façade.
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Swan Lane Open Space
Swan Lane Open Space is a public park in Whetstone in the London Borough of Barnet. It is the smallest of Barnet's sixteen 'Premier Parks'. It has a children's playground, a café, and a pond which was formerly used for model boating but is now covered with reeds and water plants. Much of it is mown grass and trees, including giant redwoods and a Cedar of Lebanon, but it also has more natural areas managed for nature conservation.
The park was created in the 1980s on the site of a nineteenth century estate. Rose beds by the café have been planted in memory of two local residents.
There is access from Swan Lane, Whetstone High Road and Woodside Lane.
Coordinates: 51°37′29″N 0°10′45″W / 51.62472°N 0.17917°W / 51.62472; -0.17917
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Swiss Cottage
Coordinates: 51°32′33″N 0°10′24″W / 51.5424°N 0.1734°W / 51.5424; -0.1734
Swiss Cottage is a district of the London Borough of Camden in London, England. The district is located 3.2 miles (5.1 km) north-west of Charing Cross. It is centred on the junction of Avenue Road and Finchley Road and is the location of Swiss Cottage tube station.
The district is named after an inn called The Swiss Tavern that was built in 1804 in the style of a Swiss chalet and on the site of a former tollgate keeper's cottage. The inn was later renamed Swiss Cottage.
The district formed part of the ancient parish of Hampstead. It developed following the Finchley Road Act 1826, which authorised construction of Finchley New Road and Avenue Road, with The Swiss Tavern built at the junction of the new roads. The neighbourhood around Finchley Road and Avenue Road was redeveloped in 1937 and 1938 with the opening of an Odeon cinema and the Regency Lodge flats. After World War II, local authority housing was constructed by the London County Council in the area.
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Sydenham
Coordinates: 51°25′31″N 0°03′16″W / 51.4254°N 0.0544°W / 51.4254; -0.0544
Sydenham ( /ˈsɪdnəm/) is an area and electoral ward in the London Borough of Lewisham; although some streets towards Crystal Palace Park, Forest Hill and Penge are outside the ward and in the London Borough of Bromley, and some streets off Sydenham Hill are in the London Borough of Southwark. Sydenham was in Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created. The population of the Sydenham ward in 2007 was 14,650, Upper Sydenham is included in Forest Hill ward.
Sydenham is most famous as the location where the Crystal Palace from the Great Exhibition was relocated. Famous people who have lived here include Ernest Shackleton, the Antarctic explorer; George Grove of musical dictionary fame; John Logie Baird, the television inventor; Jason Statham, an actor; the comics and film historian Denis Gifford; and Dame Cicely Saunders, founder of the modern hospice movement.
Sydenham started out as a small settlement, a few cottages among the woods, whose inhabitants grazed their animals and collected wood.
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Teddington
Coordinates: 51°25′27″N 0°19′56″W / 51.4242°N 0.3321°W / 51.4242; -0.3321
Teddington is a suburban area in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in south west London, on the north bank of the River Thames, between Hampton Wick and Twickenham. It stretches inland from the River Thames to Bushy Park. Formerly it was in the county of Middlesex, which was formerly also its postal county.
Teddington is mostly residential but is bisected by an almost continuous road of shops, offices and other facilities running from the river to Bushy Park. There are three clusters of offices on this route: on the river Teddington Studios and Haymarket Group form a media hub whilst on the edge of Bushy Park the NPL, NMO and LGC form a scientific centre. Around Teddington Station and the town centre are a number of offices in industries such as Direct Marketing and IT, and offices outside this axis include Tearfund. Several riverside businesses and houses were redeveloped in the last quarter of the 20th century as blocks of riverside flats. The area has been described in the national press as "leafy".
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Temple Fortune
Temple Fortune is a place in the London Borough of Barnet to the north of Golders Green. It is principally a shopping district used by residents of the Hampstead Garden Suburb. Between here and Golders Green, at Hoop Lane are two important cemeteries. The Jewish Cemetery and interred here are the remains of a number of famous people. The second cemetery is Golders Green Crematorium. There is a Police Station. To the west is a small Carmelite Monastery, and religious buildings include the Catholic Church of St Edward the Confessor, and the Anglican Church of St Barnabas.
The earliest references to the name "Temple Fortune" is on a map of about 1754. However the name indicates a much earlier history. It probably refers to the Knights of St John, who had land here (c.1240). "Fortune" may be derived from a small settlement (tun) on the route from Hampstead to Hendon arrived at before arriving at Hendon. Here a lane from Finchley, called Ducksetters Lane (c.1475), intersected. It is likely that the settlement was originally the Bleccanham estate (c.900s). By the end of the 18th century Temple Fortune Farm was established on the northern side of Farm Close.
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Thamesmead
Coordinates: 51°30′14″N 0°07′34″E / 51.504°N 0.1261°E / 51.504; 0.1261
Thamesmead is a district of south-east London, England, located in the London Boroughs of Greenwich and Bexley. It is situated 9.4 miles (15.1 km) east of Charing Cross.
Thamesmead is the name given to a group of disparate mainly social housing developments built from the late 1960s onwards mostly on former marshland on the southern banks of the River Thames, between the established towns of Woolwich and Belvedere. Originally planned to have 60,000-100,000 residents, it is now estimated to be on target for a final population of around 50,000 people.
Most of the land area of Thamesmead previously formed about 1,000 acres (4.0 km2) of the old Royal Arsenal site that extended over Plumstead Marshes and Erith Marshes. There is some evidence of prehistoric human occupation of the area - flints, animal bone and charcoal were found in bore holes around Western and Central Way in 1997 by the Museum of London Archaeological Service (MOLAS). In Roman times, the river level was significantly lower, and work by MOLAS in 1997 around Summerton Way found evidence of field ditches and pottery and quernstones from Germany dating from around the 3rd or 4th century. After the Roman era, river levels rose again and the area reverted to marshland. According to Hasted, some areas of this marshland were drained by 1279 by the monks of Lesnes Abbey.
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The Compton School
The Compton School is situated on Summers Lane, North Finchley, London. It is an academy school for boys and girls aged eleven to sixteen and the school years range from year 7 to year 11. It is located on the site of Finchley Manorhill School, which was progressively closed in the late 1980s. The buildings were reopened as The Compton School in 1992.
The school became a Beacon school in 1999, and has been a Technology College since 2001. It has recently become a training college as well. It has had three successive 'outstanding' OFSTED reports. Its exam results are satisfactory. In 2010 58% of the students achieved 5+ A*-C GCSE (and equivalent) including English and maths GCSEs, slightly below borough average.[1] The school is also known for its links with Woodhouse College.
Recently the school has undergone expansion, with millions of pounds invested in the buildings by the London Borough of Barnet.
Coordinates: 51°36′59.13″N 0°9′17.26″W / 51.616425°N 0.1547944°W / 51.616425; -0.1547944
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The Hale
Coordinates: 51°37′12″N 0°15′36″W / 51.620°N 0.260°W / 51.620; -0.260
The Hale is an area and ward within the London Borough of Barnet. It lies on the borders between Mill Hill and Edgware and centres around the small retail centre at the junction of Deans Lane, Hale Lane and Selvage Lane. This centre constitutes Upper Hale, but is much better known locally as the 'Green Man' after the erstwhile pub of the same name that stood at the site from at least the early 18th century. A smaller area that was traditionally known as Lower Hale centres around the junction of Hale Lane, Farm Road and the nearby bridge over Deans Brook; this area is generally regarded as being within Edgware. The traditional area known as The Hale extends northwards from the 'Green Man' to the A41 and Apex Corner and the southern end is traditionally marked by the disused Edgware and Highgate railway line just south of West Way and Hale Drive; beyond lies Burnt Oak. Today's borough ward has slightly larger boundaries.
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The Hyde
Coordinates: 51°34′56″N 0°14′52″W / 51.5822°N 0.2478°W / 51.5822; -0.2478
The Hyde is a locality in the London Borough of Barnet in London, United Kingdom. The area is considered to form part of Hendon.
The name is first recorded in 1281 as la Hyde meaning the hide of land; the amount of land considered enough to support a family, around 120 acres (0.49 km2).
It is located at grid ref TQ215885. It is part of the NW postcode area. A short section of the A5 road in the area is also called The Hyde.
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Tolworth
Coordinates: 51°22′48″N 0°16′51″W / 51.3799°N 0.2807°W / 51.3799; -0.2807
Tolworth is a mostly residential area of outer South London in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames, located 11.1 miles (17.9 km) south west of Charing Cross. Neighbouring places include: New Malden, Kingston, Surbiton, Berrylands, Chessington, Ewell and Worcester Park.
Tolworth, in the Domesday Book, was called Taleorde. Its Domesday assets were held partly by Picot from Richard de Tonebrige and partly by Radulf (Ralph) from the Bishop of Bayeux. It rendered: 2½ hides; also 4 hides with Long Ditton; 1 mill without dues, 8 ploughs, 10½ acres and ½ rod of meadow. It rendered £6.
An extensive low-lying development of 1940s single storey brick buildings, bounded by the A3 to the north and the rail line to the south, was occupied by the Ministry of Defence and the Directorate of Overseas Surveys but after remaining empty for some years it was demolished in 2008 and the site currently awaits redevelopment.
In the 1930s, '40s and '50s the clay extraction requirements of a brick factory north of the A3 off Red Lion Road (now Red Lion Industrial Park) produced a large water-filled pit (known locally as "The Bluey") which was used as a landfill site for bomb-damage and industrial material removed from bomb-sites resulting from the "Blitz". This land has been reclaimed and is now a recreation ground. The Civil Defence Corps used to have a training site with a full-size mock-up of a bomb-damaged housing estate.
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Tooting
Coordinates: 51°25′41″N 0°09′54″W / 51.4280°N 0.1650°W / 51.4280; -0.1650
Tooting is a district in south London, England, located in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It is situated 5 miles (8 km) south south-west of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Tooting has been settled since pre-Saxon times. The name is of Anglo-Saxon origin but the meaning is disputed. It could mean the people of Tota where Tota may have been a local Anglo-Saxon chieftain. Alternatively it could be derived from an old meaning of the verb to tout, to look out. There may have been a watchtower here on the road to London and hence the people of the look-out post.
The Romans built a road, which was later named Stane Street by the English, from London (Londinium) to Chichester (Noviomagus Regnorum), and which passed through Tooting. Tooting High Street is built on this road. In Saxon times, Tooting and Streatham (then Toting-cum-Stretham) was given to the Abbey of Chertsey. Later, Suene (Sweyn), believed to be a Viking, may have been given all or part of the land. In 933, King Athelstan of England is thought to have confirmed lands including Totinge (Tooting) to Chertsey Abbey.
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Tottenham
Coordinates: 51°35′49″N 0°04′16″W / 51.597°N 0.071°W / 51.597; -0.071
Tottenham (local /ˈtɒʔnəm/) is an area of north London in the London Borough of Haringey, England, situated 6.6 miles (10.6 km) north north east of Charing Cross.
Tottenham is believed to have been named after Tota, a farmer, whose hamlet was mentioned in the Domesday Book; hence Tota's hamlet became Tottenham. It was recorded in the Domesday Book as Toteham.
There has been a settlement at Tottenham for over a thousand years. It grew up along the old Roman road, Ermine Street (some of which is part of the present A10 road), and between High Cross and Tottenham Hale, the present Monument Way.
When the Domesday Book was compiled in 1086, about 70 families lived within the area of the manor, mostly labourers working for the Lord of the Manor. A humorous poem entitled the Tournament of Tottenham, written around 1400, describes a mock-battle between peasants vying for the reeve's daughter.
In 1894, Tottenham was made an urban district and on 27 September 1934 it became a municipal borough. As from 1 April 1965, the municipal borough formed part of the London Borough of Haringey.
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Tottenham Court Road
Tottenham Court Road is a major road in central London, United Kingdom, running from St Giles Circus (the junction of Oxford Street and Charing Cross Road) north to Euston Road, near the border of the City of Westminster and the London Borough of Camden, a distance of about three-quarters of a mile. It has for many years been a one-way street: all three lanes are northbound only, the equivalent southbound traffic using the parallel Gower Street. It is generally regarded as marking the western boundary of Bloomsbury.
The south end of the road is close to the British Museum and to Centre Point, the West End's tallest building. There are a number of buildings belonging to University College London along the road, and University College Hospital is at the north end of the road at the intersection with Euston Road.
The road is served by three stations on the London Underground—from south to north these are Tottenham Court Road, Goodge Street and Warren Street—and by numerous bus routes.
The area through which the road is built is mentioned in the Domesday Book as belonging to the Dean and Chapter of St Paul's Cathedral. In the time of Henry III (1216–1272), a manor house slightly north-west of what is now the corner of Tottenham Court Road and Oxford Street belonged to one William de Tottenhall. In about the 15th century, the area was known variously as Totten, Totham, or Totting Hall. After changing hands several times, the manor was leased for 99 years to Queen Elizabeth, when it came popularly to be called Tottenham Court. In the next century, it appears to have become the property of the Fitzroys, who built Fitzroy Square on a part of the manor estate towards the end of the 18th century.
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Totteridge
Coordinates: 51°38′07″N 0°12′00″W / 51.6354°N 0.2000°W / 51.6354; -0.2000
Totteridge is an old English village, currently a protected picturesque residential area of the London Borough of Barnet in north London, England. It is a mixture of suburban development and open land (including some farmland) situated 8.20 miles (13.05 km) north north-west of Charing Cross.
It gives its name to a ward in the borough and to the St Andrew, Totteridge ecclesiastical parish of the Diocese of St Albans.
Called Tatarige in the 13th century, the settlement is probably named after someone called Tata. The ridge is the high ground between the valleys of the Dollis Brook and Folly Brook. Over the centuries the rural qualities of Totteridge have attracted well-to-do families. Cardinal Manning was born at Copped Hall in Totteridge in 1808. With the opening of Great Northern Railway station in 1872, late-Victorian and Edwardian mansions were built around the old village. In line with overall trends in the late-1930s, following the conversion of the railway station (in operation from 1872 until 1941) into an underground station (from 1940) on the Northern Line, smaller properties were built within walking distance from the station (Totteridge and Whetstone tube station). In 1968 much of Totteridge was designated a Conservation Area, and no major developments have taken place since then.
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Totteridge Fields
Totteridge Fields is a seven hectareLocal Nature Reserve owned by the London Borough of Barnet and managed by the London Wildlife Trust. It is an ancient hay meadow habitat consisting of three fields, known as Nutt Field, Hen Mead and Nearer Slay Land, with hawthorn and blackthorn hedgerows. The entrance is on Hendon Wood Lane, Arkley.
Totteridge Fields and the adjacent privately owned Highwood Hill are designated a Site of Metropolitan Importance.
Dollis Valley Greenwalk and London Loop cross Totteridge Fields.
Coordinates: 51°37′57″N 0°14′04″W / 51.6325°N 0.2344°W / 51.6325; -0.2344
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Tudor Sports Ground
Tudor Sports Ground is a public park between Clifford Road and the East Coast Main Railway Line in New Barnet in the London Borough of Barnet. It is one of Barnet's 'Premier Parks'.
The park is a large grassed area with scattered mature trees. The site is mainly devoted to a nine hole 'pitch and pay' golf course, and it also has a cricket pitch, a tennis court, a basketball shooting area, children's playgrounds and a car park.
The park is adjacent to Monken Hadley Common on its northern side, and a footpath next to the railway on its eastern edge runs between Monken Hadley Common and New Barnet railway station.
Coordinates: 51°39′25″N 0°10′37″W / 51.65693°N 0.17690°W / 51.65693; -0.17690
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Twickenham
Coordinates: 51°26′55″N 0°20′13″W / 51.4486°N 0.3369°W / 51.4486; -0.3369
Twickenham is a large suburban town 10 miles (16 km) southwest of central London. It is the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames and one of the locally important district centres identified in the London Plan. As part of the suburban growth of London in the twentieth century, the town expanded and increased in population, becoming established as the Municipal Borough of Twickenham in 1926; it has formed part of Greater London since 1965.
Excavations have revealed settlements in the area dating from the Early Neolithic, possibly Mesolithic periods. Occupation seems to have continued through the Bronze Age, the Iron Age and the Roman occupation. The area was first mentioned (as 'Tuican hom' and 'Tuiccanham') in a charter of 13 June 704 AD to cede the area to Waldhere, Bishop of London, 'for the salvation of our souls'. The charter is signed with 12 crosses. The signatories included Swaefred of Essex, Cenred of Mercia and Earl Paeogthath.
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Uganda
Coordinates: 1°17′N 32°23′E / 1.28°N 32.39°E / 1.28; 32.39
Uganda (
/juːˈɡændə/ yew-GAN-də or /juːˈɡɑːndə/ yew-GAHN-də), officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. Uganda is bordered on the east by Kenya, on the north by South Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by Tanzania. The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria, which is also shared by Kenya and Tanzania.
Uganda takes its name from the Buganda kingdom, which encompasses a large portion of the south of the country including the capital Kampala.
The people of Uganda were hunter-gatherers until 1,700 to 2,300 years ago, when Bantu-speaking populations migrated to the southern parts of the country. Uganda gained independence from Britain on 9 October 1962.
The official languages are English and Swahili, although multiple other languages are spoken in the country.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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Upminster
Coordinates: 51°33′21″N 0°15′04″E / 51.555743°N 0.251239°E / 51.555743; 0.251239
Upminster is a suburban town in northeast London, England, and part of the London Borough of Havering. Located 16.5 miles (26.6 km) east-northeast of Charing Cross, it is one of the locally important district centres identified in the London Plan, and comprises a number of shopping streets and a large residential area. It was historically a rural village in the county of Essex and formed an ancient parish. Although peripheral to London, the town has good transport links; it was first connected to central London by rail in 1885 and has a station on the London Underground network. The economic history of Upminster is characterised by a shift from farming to garden suburb. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Upminster significantly expanded and increased in population, becoming part of Hornchurch Urban District in 1934, and has formed part of Greater London since 1965.
The placename Upminster is first recorded in 1062 as Upmynstre and is recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book as Upmunstra. It is formed from Old English upp and mynster, meaning the large church on high ground. The high ground of the parish church being in relation to the valley of the River Ingrebourne and the Upminster Bridge over the river shares the name. An alternative explanation suggests the upp could refer to the geographical relationship to a church at Barking or Tilbury in Anglo-Saxon times (cf. Southminster and Bradwell-juxta-Mare).
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Upper Clapton
Coordinates: 51°34′13″N 0°03′30″W / 51.5702°N 0.0583°W / 51.5702; -0.0583
Upper Clapton is a district in the London Borough of Hackney. It is bounded by the Hackney districts of Stamford Hill to the west, Lower Clapton and Lea Bridge to the south and the Haringey district of South Tottenham to the north. To the east is the River Lea (spelled Lea or Lee), on the other side of which is the expanse of the Walthamstow Marshes, part of which is in the Lee Valley Park.
As is frequently the case with London districts, these boundaries have become uncertain because of the meeting of the developing expansion of the original settlements. Western parts of the area are often considered part of a wider Stamford Hill, understandable perhaps because of the public transport junction and shopping area at Stamford Broadway, and that the Hassidic Jewish community identified as being located in Stamford Hill extends into Upper Clapton.
Clapton was from 1339 until the 18th century normally rendered as Clopton, meaning the "farm on the hill". The Old English clop - "lump" or "hill" - presumably denoted the high ground which rises from the River Lea. Eventually encompassing the north-eastern quarter of the parish, Clapton grew up along the way which in 1745 was called Hackney Lane, part of which ran through Broad (later Clapton) Common. Building spread to meet streets east of the high road and north of Homerton in the 19th century. Manorial courts from the early 19th century distinguished the parts north and south of Lea Bridge Road as Upper and Lower Clapton, and those names soon passed into general use. Hackney Lane came to be known as Lower and Upper Clapton roads, until in the late 19th century the stretch through the common to Stamford Hill was named Clapton Common.
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Uxbridge
Coordinates: 51°32′25″N 0°28′40″W / 51.5404°N 0.4778°W / 51.5404; -0.4778
Uxbridge ( /ˈʌksbrɪdʒ/) is a large town located in west London, England and is the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Hillingdon. It forms part of the ceremonial county of Greater London. It is located 15 miles (24.1 km) west-northwest of Charing Cross and is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. It historically formed part of the parish of Hillingdon in the county of Middlesex and was a significant local commercial centre from an early time. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century it expanded and increased in population, becoming a municipal borough in 1955 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. Uxbridge is a significant retail and commercial centre, and is the location of Brunel University and the Uxbridge campus of Buckinghamshire New University. The town is close to the boundary with Buckinghamshire, which is locally the River Colne.
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Walthamstow
Coordinates: 51°35′02″N 0°01′16″W / 51.584°N 0.0211°W / 51.584; -0.0211
Walthamstow is a district of northeast London, England, located in the London Borough of Waltham Forest. It is situated 6.4 miles (10.3 km) north-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Walthamstow is bordered to the north by Chingford, south by Leyton and Leytonstone, east by the southern reaches of Epping Forest at Woodford and west by Tottenham and the River Lea valley. Leyton High Road, Hoe Street, Chingford Road, Chingford Mount (passing south-north through Walthamstow and its neighbouring towns) form part of an ancient route from London to Waltham Abbey.
Walthamstow is recorded c. 1075 as Wilcumestowe ("The Place of Welcome") and in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Wilcumestou.King John visited Shern Hall (Shernhall Street), in 1213; the building survived until 1896. At one point Walthamstow was just a culmination of five small villages, and affairs were discussed at Vestry House, acting as the first town hall. In 1870 it had grown to the size of a small suburb and a town hall was built in Orford Road from which affairs of the village were run ( which now takes place in Forest Road - since 1941). Until the 19th century it was largely rural, with a small village centre (now Walthamstow Village — see below) and a number of large estates. The main route through the district, was the aforementioned Hoe Street. Additionally, there were various smaller lanes, crossing the town. The road now known as Forest Road was originally named Clay Street. Further south, the High Street was named Marsh Street, and led from the original settlement out to the marshes. Shernhall Street is an ancient route, as is Wood Street, to the east.
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Wandsworth
Coordinates: 51°27′52″N 0°11′33″W / 51.4644°N 0.1924°W / 51.4644; -0.1924
Wandsworth is a district of south London, England, in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It is situated 4.6 miles (7.4 km) southwest of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Wandsworth takes its name from the River Wandle, which enters the Thames at Wandsworth. Wandsworth appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Wandesorde and Wendelesorde. This means 'enclosure of (a man named) Waendel', whose name is also lent to the River Wandle. To distinguish it from the London Borough of Wandsworth, and historically from the Wandsworth District of the Metropolis and the Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth, which all covered larger areas, it is also known as Wandsworth Town.
It was held partly by William, son of Ansculfy, and partly by St Wandrille's Abbey. Its Domesday assets were 12 hides, with 5½ ploughs and 22 acres (89,000 m2) of meadow. It rendered £9. Since at least the early 16th century, Wandsworth has offered accommodation to consecutive waves of immigration, from Protestant Dutch metalworkers fleeing persecution in the 1590s to recent Eastern European members of the European Union.
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Wanstead
Coordinates: 51°34′40″N 0°01′43″E / 51.577792°N 0.028589°E / 51.577792; 0.028589
Wanstead is a suburban area in the London Borough of Redbridge, North-East London. The main road going through Wanstead is the A12. The name is from the Anglo-Saxon words wænn and stede, meaning "settlement on a small hill".
The town has a largely suburban feel, containing open grasslands such as Wanstead Flats, and the woodland of Wanstead Park (part of Epping Forest). The park, with artificial lakes, was originally part of the estate of a large stately home Wanstead House, one of the finest Palladian mansions in Britain, from its size and splendour nicknamed the English Versailles, and the architectural inspiration for Mansion House, London. It was demolished after the bankruptcy of the owner, William Wellesley-Long, in 1824. It is also home to Wanstead Golf club, which has hosted many of the major events in the Essex County calendar. A notable landmark towards the northern edge of Wanstead is the former Wanstead Hospital building, now a housing complex. A small annex of the old Burns Unit is now used for research on Flu vaccines and bovine diseases.
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Wapping
Coordinates: 51°30′26″N 0°03′40″W / 51.5073°N 0.0610°W / 51.5073; -0.0610
Wapping (/ˈwɒpɪŋ/ WOP-ing) is a place in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets which forms part of the Docklands to the east of the City of London. It is situated between the north bank of the River Thames and the ancient thoroughfare simply called The Highway. Wapping's proximity to the river has given it a strong maritime character, which it retains through its riverside public houses and steps, such as the Prospect of Whitby and Wapping Stairs.
Many of the original buildings were demolished during the construction of the London Docks and Wapping was further seriously damaged during the Blitz. As the London Docklands declined after the Second World War, the area became run down, with the great warehouses left empty. The area's fortunes were transformed during the 1980s by the London Docklands Development Corporation when the warehouses started to be converted into luxury flats.
Rupert Murdoch moved his News International printing and publishing works into Wapping in 1986, resulting in a trade union dispute that became known as the "Battle of Wapping".
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Watling Park
Watling Park is a public park in Burnt Oak in the London Borough of Barnet. It is one of Barnet's sixteen premier parks.
It is a hilly open area with mown grassland, a children's playground, a football pitch, a basketball pitch and a small rose garden. Burnt Oak Brook, a tributary of the Silk Stream, runs through the park. There are more natural areas of undergrowth at the borders of the park and along the banks of the brook.
The park is in the Watling Estate, a London County Council housing estate built in the 1920s and named after the nearby Roman road. It opened in 1931. The area was formerly farmland, and oak trees on the hill are survivors of its rural past.
The main entrance is at the corner of Watling Avenue and Orange Hill Road, and there is also access from Fortescue Road, Chessingham Road, Abbots Road and Colchester Road.
Rose Garden
Burnt Oak Brook
Path
Grassland
Playground
Coordinates: 51°36′26″N 0°15′37″W / 51.6071°N 0.2604°W / 51.6071; -0.2604
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Wealdstone
Coordinates: 51°35′36″N 0°20′00″W / 51.5934°N 0.3333°W / 51.5934; -0.3333
Wealdstone is a largely working-class and recent immigrant district in the London Borough of Harrow, north west London.
The eponymous Weald Stone is a sarsen stone, formerly marking the boundary between the parish of Harrow and Harrow Weald. It is located outside the Weald Stone Inn (formerly the Red Lion), off High Road, Harrow Weald 51°36′16″N 0°20′23″W / 51.6045°N 0.3396°W / 51.6045; -0.3396 (Weald Stone).
The Harrow Leisure Centre [1] is located in Wealdstone and facilities include swimming, Badminton, Snooker, Martial Arts and a gym run by Harper's Fitness. One of the country's oldest skate parks, Harrow Skate Park, is next to the leisure centre. The park is a centre of the British skateboarding scene and draws visitors from all over the country.
Wealdstone F.C. have had a long association with Wealdstone. Now based in Ruislip in the London Borough of Hillingdon, they were hoping to move to a new ground at Prince Edward Fields, Canons Park.
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Welling
Coordinates: 51°27′34″N 0°06′35″E / 51.4594°N 0.1097°E / 51.4594; 0.1097
Welling is a district in the London Borough of Bexley, South East London. It is a suburban development situated between Shooter's Hill and Bexleyheath north of the A2 road and 10.5 miles (16.9 km) east south-east of Charing Cross.
The East Wickham part of Welling is probably one of the oldest settlements in this area. A Neolithic stone axe was found in East Wickham in 1910 and more recently in 1989 the remains of Roman buildings were unearthed near Danson.
Before the coming of the railway, with the opening of the Bexleyheath Line on 1 May 1895, Welling was a village on the main road between London and Kent (Watling Street). It had been a traditional staging post for coaches; the presence of three inns along the main road is the result of that.
After World War I, Bexley Urban District Council built over 400 houses north of the railway. Later, when the Danson estate was sold to developers, the land to the south was opened up to suburban sprawl and the settlement incorporated the local parishes of St Michael's East Wickham and St Johns Welling.
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Wembley
Coordinates: 51°33′22″N 0°18′15″W / 51.5560°N 0.3042°W / 51.5560; -0.3042
Wembley is an area of northwest London, England, and part of the London Borough of Brent. It is home to the famous Wembley Stadium and Wembley Arena. Anciently part of the parish of Harrow on the Hill in the county of Middlesex, Wembley formed a separate civil parish from 1894 and was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1937.
Wembley is derived from the Old English proper name "Wemba" and the Old English "Lea" for meadow or clearing. The name was first mentioned in the charter of 825 of King Beornwulf.
The village of Wemba Lea grew up on the hill by the clearing with the Harrow Road south of it. Much of the surrounding area remained wooded. In 1547 there were but six houses in Wembley. Though small, it was one of the wealthiest parts of Harrow. At the dissolution of the monasteries, the manor of Wembley fell to Richard Andrews and Leonard Chamberlayne in 1543, who sold it to Richard Page Esq. of Harrow on the Hill the same year.
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West Ham
Coordinates: 51°32′05″N 0°00′28″E / 51.5347°N 0.00769°E / 51.5347; 0.00769
West Ham is in the London Borough of Newham in London, England. In the west it is a post-industrial neighbourhood abutting the site of the London Olympic Park and in the east it is mostly residential, consisting of Victorian terraced housing interspersed with higher density post-War social housing. The area has been one of the most deprived in the country and as part of the New Deal for Communities programme it forms, with neighbouring Plaistow, a regeneration area. The place lends its name to West Ham United F.C..
A settlement in the area named Ham is first recorded as Hamme in an Anglo-Saxon charter of 958 and then in the 1086 Domesday Book as Hame. The earliest recorded use of West Ham, as distinct from East Ham, is in 1186 as Westhamma. It is formed from Old English 'hamm' and means 'a dry area of land between rivers or marshland', referring the location of the settlement within boundaries formed by the rivers Lea, Thames and Roding and their marshes.
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West Hendon
Coordinates: 51°34′56″N 0°14′52″W / 51.58227°N 0.24783°W / 51.58227; -0.24783
West Hendon is a place in the London Borough of Barnet.
West Hendon was a settlement within that part of the ancient parish of Hendon known as the Hyde, and is now a part of the London Borough of Barnet. It was formally known, from 1878–1890, as New Hendon, a small railway development on the Edgware Road. Before the 1830s there were three farms, Upper and Lower Guttershedge (east of the road) and Cockman’s in the Wood (west of the road) and an inn, The Welsh Harp. Between 1835 and 1838, the Brent Reservoir was constructed by damming the Brent and the Silk brooks and flooding much of Cockman’s Farm. The water was used to supply the Grand Union Canal. At its greatest extent, in 1853, it covered 400 acres (1.6 km²) but was dramatically reduced to 195 acres (789,000 m²) in the 1890s. Subsequently it has been reduced to 110 acres (445,000 m²). It contains enough water to fill 3 million baths and in 1991 was believed to contain 10,000 lb (4,500 kg) of fish. The residue of Cockman’s Farm became Woodfield House, home to the Roman Catholic Passioist Fathers (1852 and 1858). The house was demolished in 1940 and the site used by the Borough of Hendon and its successor the London Borough of Barnet as a plant nursery.
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West Norwood
Coordinates: 51°25′37″N 0°05′44″W / 51.427025°N 0.095539°W / 51.427025; -0.095539
West Norwood (sometimes referred to as Norwood) is a place in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is primarily a residential suburb of south London but with some light industry near Knights Hill in the south. It is 5.4 miles (8.7 km) south south-east of Charing Cross, bordered by Upper Norwood, Crystal Palace, West Dulwich, Tulse Hill and Streatham.
West Norwood is part of the Norwood town centre area of the London Borough of Lambeth comprising Gipsy Hill, Thurlow Park, and Knights Hill Wards. The town centre office is located at the West Norwood Library. It is currently represented by nine councillors, two of whom are Conservative and seven Labour. Two of the Conservative councillors for Thurlow Park ward have served continuously on the Council since 1990.
Most public buildings and shops in West Norwood are anchored on either side of Norwood Road and Knights Hill, which runs north-south through the town.
West Norwood is well served for parks and open spaces with Norwood Park and Brockwell Park which is only a short walk outside the town centre area. The Cemetery has 45 acres (18.2 hectares) of green space in the centre of the town. There are tennis courts, a recreation ground and a small wood beside Knights Hill. Peabody Hill Wood is an area of outstanding importance recognised by English Nature.
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Westminster
Coordinates: 51°29′58″N 0°08′00″W / 51.4995°N 0.1333°W / 51.4995; -0.1333
Westminster /ˈwɛsᵗmɪnstə/ is an area of central London, within the City of Westminster, England. It lies on the north bank of the River Thames, southwest of the City of London and 0.5 miles (0.8 km) southwest of Charing Cross. It has a large concentration of London's historic and prestigious landmarks and visitor attractions, including the Palace of Westminster, Buckingham Palace, Westminster Abbey, and Westminster Cathedral.
Historically a part of Middlesex, the name Westminster was the ancient description for the area around Westminster Abbey – the West Minster, or monastery church, that gave the area its name – which has been the seat of the government of England (and later the British government) for almost a thousand years. Westminster is the location of the Palace of Westminster, a UNESCO World Heritage Site which houses the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
The name Westminster describes the area around Westminster Abbey and Palace of Westminster. Its name derives from the West Minster, or monastery church, west of the City of London's St Paul's. The area has been the seat of the government of England for almost a thousand years. The name is also used for the larger City of Westminster which covers a wider geographical area; and, since 1965, has included the former boroughs of Marylebone and Paddington.
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Whitechapel
Coordinates: 51°30′59″N 0°04′30″W / 51.5165°N 0.0750°W / 51.5165; -0.0750
Whitechapel is a built-up inner city district in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, London, England. It is located 3.4 miles (5.5 km) east of Charing Cross and roughly bounded by the Bishopsgate thoroughfare on the west, Fashion Street on the north, Brady Street and Cavell Street on the east and The Highway on the south. The resident population are of varied ethnic origin, primarily Bengali. It is notably best known for being the location of the infamous Jack the Ripper murders in the late 1880s. The murderer was never identified, although rumours suggest over 100 names.
Whitechapel's heart is Whitechapel High Street, extending further east as Whitechapel Road, named after a small chapel of ease dedicated to St Mary. The church's earliest known rector was Hugh de Fulbourne in 1329 and around 1338 it became the parish church of Whitechapel, called, for unknown reasons, St Mary Matfelon. The church was destroyed through enemy action in World War II and its location and graveyard is now a public garden on the south side of the road.
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Willesden
Coordinates: 51°32′48″N 0°13′46″W / 51.5468°N 0.2295°W / 51.5468; -0.2295
Willesden is an area in North West London which forms part of the London Borough of Brent. It is situated 5 miles (8 km) north west of Charing Cross. The area has strong links to Ireland and has a sizable Irish population, as well as a large Afro-Caribbean community.
The name derives from the Anglo-Saxon Willesdune, meaning The Hill of the Spring, and a settlement bearing this name dates back to 939 AD. The Domesday Book of 1086 records it as Wellesdone. However, on 19th century maps of the town such as those from the 'Ordnance Survey First Series', the town is shown as Wilsdon. . The town's motto is Laborare est orare ("to labour is to pray").[citation needed]
From the 14th to 16th centuries, the town was a place of pilgrimage due to the presence of two ancient statues of the Virgin Mary at the Church of St Mary. One of these statues is thought to be a Black Madonna, which was insulted by the Lollards, taken to Thomas Cromwell's house and burnt in 1538 on a large bonfire of "notable images" including those of Walsingham, Worcester and Ipswich. There was also a "holy well" which was thought to possess miraculous qualities, particularly for blindness and other eye disorders.
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Wood Green
Coordinates: 51°35′53″N 0°06′54″W / 51.5981°N 0.1149°W / 51.5981; -0.1149
Wood Green is a district in north London, England, located in the London Borough of Haringey. It is situated 6.7 miles (10.8 km) north of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of the metropolitan centres in Greater London.
In the latter half of the 19th century and before urbanisation Wood Green was part of Tottenham and covered by woodland called Tottenham Wood, hence the original name of the area, Tottenham Wood Green.
In 1894 Wood Green was created as an urban district, and later a municipal borough, of Middlesex. In 1965, under the London Government Act 1963, the Municipal Borough of Wood Green was abolished and its area merged with that of the Municipal Borough of Tottenham and the Municipal Borough of Hornsey to form the present-day London Borough of Haringey.
The constituency of Wood Green was created in 1918, and existed until 1983, when it was split. Some of the constituency was transferred to the neighbouring seat of Tottenham, Most was merged with the Hornsey parliamentary constituency to form the Hornsey and Wood Green parliamentary constituency. Since 2005, the seat has been represented in the House of Commons by the Liberal Democrat MP, Lynne Featherstone.
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Woodside Park
Coordinates: 51°37′01″N 0°11′06″W / 51.617°N 0.185°W / 51.617; -0.185
Woodside Park is a suburban residential area in London. It is located in the London Borough of Barnet, in postal district N12.
The area to the east of the tube station consists predominantly of large Victorian and Edwardian houses, many of which have been converted into flats. The north-western part of the area, which can also be regarded as the part of Totteridge in N12 rather than N20, is sometimes called Woodside Park Garden Suburb and consists of semi-detached or detached 3 to 4 bedroom houses built in the 1950s. It includes the Woodside Park Club. The eastern boundary of the Garden Suburb is the Dollis Brook and the southern boundary is the Folly Brook. To the south of this Suburb is an area of 1920s and 1930s houses, where many of the roads are named after places in Sussex, such as Sussex Ring and Cissbury Ring.
Between the Garden Suburb and the Northern Line is an area originally of Victorian housing. Many of the houses, including the former residence of Spike Milligan (now marked by a blue plaque placed in 2004 - see picture in this article), have been replaced by modern housing or apartments. The estate where Emma Bunton grew up is also located in the area.
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Woolwich
Coordinates: 51°29′46″N 0°04′05″E / 51.4961°N 0.0681°E / 51.4961; 0.0681
Woolwich ( /ˈwʊlɪtʃ/ or /ˈwʊlɪdʒ/) is a district in south London, England, located in the Royal Borough of Greenwich. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Woolwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created. It is notable as a river crossing point, having the Woolwich Ferry (and the lesser-known Woolwich foot tunnel) to North Woolwich, and as the one-time home of the Woolwich Building Society (now owned by Barclays plc).
In 1796 Daniel Lysons wrote, "this place in old charters is called Hulviz, Wolwiche, Wollewic, &c. I can find nothing satisfactory relating to its etymology." But it is now generally believed that the name Woolwich derives from the Anglo-Saxon name, "trading place for wool". Woolwich has been inhabited since at least the Iron Age, and a Roman fort was found in the current Riverside park.
Woolwich remained a small Kentish village until it started to become a leading military and industrial town. It was home to the Woolwich Dockyard (founded in 1512), the Royal Arsenal (dating back to 1471), the Royal Military Academy (1741) and the Royal Horse Artillery (1793); the town still retains an army base at the Royal Artillery Barracks (although 16RA Royal Artillery left in 2007, Woolwich Barracks still house the Royal Artillery Band and more recently Second Battalion Princess of Wales Royal Regiment and Kings Troop Royal Horse Artillery), and the Royal Artillery Museum, Firepower. The nearby Greenwich Heritage Centre also houses exhibits relating to the Royal Arsenal.
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Brixton
Coordinates: 51°27′47″N 0°06′22″W / 51.463°N 0.106°W / 51.463; -0.106
Brixton is a district in the London Borough of Lambeth in south London, England. It is 3.8 miles (6.1 km) south south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Brixton is mainly residential with a prominent street market and substantial retail sector. It is a multiethnic community, with around 24 percent of its population being of African and Caribbean descent,. It lies within Inner South London and is bordered by Stockwell, Clapham, Streatham, Camberwell, Tulse Hill and Herne Hill. The district houses the main offices of the London Borough of Lambeth.
The name Brixton is thought to originate from Brixistance, meaning the stone of Brixi, a Saxon lord. Brixi is thought to have erected a boundary stone to mark the meeting place of the ancient hundred court of Surrey. The location is unknown but is thought to be at the top of Brixton Hill, at a road known at the time as Bristow or Brixton Causeway, long before any settlement in the area. Brixton marks the rise from the marshes of North Lambeth up to the hills of Upper Norwood and Streatham. At the time the River Effra flowed from its source in Upper Norwood through Herne Hill to Brixton. At Brixton the river was crossed by low bridges for Roman roads to the south coast of Britain, now Brixton Road and Clapham Road. The main roads were connected through a network of medieval country lanes, such as Acre Lane, Coldharbour Lane, Brixton Water Lane and Lyham Road, formerly Black Lane. It was only at the end of the 18th century that villages and settlements formed around Brixton, as the original woodland was gradually reduced until the area was covered in farmland and market gardens known for game and strawberries.
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Charles Dickens
Charles John Huffam Dickens ( /ˈtʃɑrlz ˈdɪkɪnz/; 7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic who is generally regarded as the greatest novelist of the Victorian period and the creator of some of the world's most memorable fictional characters. During his lifetime Dickens' works enjoyed unprecedented popularity and fame, but it was in the twentieth century that his literary genius was fully recognized by critics and scholars. His novels and short stories continue to enjoy an enduring popularity among the general reading public.
Born in Portsmouth, England, Dickens left school to work in a factory after his father was thrown into debtors' prison. Though he had little formal education, his early impoverishment drove him to succeed. He edited a weekly journal for 20 years, wrote 15 novels and hundreds of short stories and non-fiction articles, lectured and performed extensively, was an indefatigable letter writer, and campaigned vigorously for children's rights, education, and other social reforms.
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Edmund Pevensie
Edmund "Ed" Pevensie is a fictional major character of C. S. Lewis's The Chronicles of Narnia series. He is a principal character in three of the seven books (The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, Prince Caspian, and The Voyage of the Dawn Treader), and a lesser character in two others (The Horse and His Boy and The Last Battle).
In the live-action films, The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe, Prince Caspian and The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, Edmund is portrayed by actor Skandar Keynes. Actor Mark Wells portrays an older Edmund at the end of the first film.
In The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, Edmund betrays his siblings to the White Witch while under her influence, but as the story goes on he accepts the error of his ways. He is redeemed with the intervention of Aslan and joins the fight against the witch. Fulfilling an ancient prophecy, he becomes King Edmund the Just, King of Narnia and, with sisters Susan and Lucy, co-ruler under High King Peter. Edmund is described in the books as being part of a 'group of fair haired men' and is specifically described as having a 'golden beard' so is most likely blond.
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Eric Aumonier
Eric Aumonier (1899–1974) was a British sculptor.
Aumonier was born in Northwood, Middlesex (now north-west London). his family name is Huguenot (French Protestant). Eric's grandfather, William, founded the Aumonier Studios in 1876, an architectural sculpture firm in London, initially located at New Inn Yard off Tottenham Court Road, then at 84 Charlotte Street. His son, also called William, continued the firm into the 1930s. William (junior) studied at West London School of Art. He exhibited at the Royal Academy of Art in 1899-1900 and was responsible for the architectural decorations of the Victoria Law Courts, Birmingham, in the late 1880s.
Two of his sons, Whitworth and Eric himself, were sculptors. Eric studied at the Slade School of Art. By 1931, Eric and Whitworth were running the studio as W. Aumonier & Sons. Eric responsible for artistic output.
In 1929, Aumonier was commissioned with five others to carve one of a set of relief sculptures of the four winds for 55 Broadway, the new Underground Electric Railways Company of London headquarters in St. James's, London, designed by Charles Holden. Aumonier carved the South Wind on the west side of the North wing (not visible from ground level).
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Harry Beck
Henry Charles Beck (4 June 1902 – 18 September 1974), known as Harry Beck, was an English engineering draftsman best known for creating the present London Underground Tube map in 1931. Beck drew up the diagram in his spare time while working as an engineering draftsman at the London Underground Signals Office. London Underground was initially sceptical of Beck's radical proposal — it was an uncommissioned spare-time project, and it was tentatively introduced to the public in a small pamphlet in 1933. It immediately became popular, and the Underground has used topological maps to illustrate the network ever since.
Prior to the Beck diagram, the various underground lines had been laid out geographically, often superimposed over the roadway of a city map. This had the feature that the centrally located stations were very close together and the out-of-town stations were spaced apart. From around 1908 a new type of 'map' appeared inside the train cars; it was a non-geographic linear diagram, in most cases a simple straight horizontal line, which equalized the distances between stations. By the late 1920s most Underground lines and some mainline (especially LNER) services displayed these, many of which had been drawn by George Dow. Some writers have postulated that these in part inspired Beck.
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Lucy Pevensie
Lucy Pevensie is a fictional major character of C. S. Lewis's The Chronicles of Narnia series. She is the youngest of the four Pevensie children, and the first to find the Wardrobe entrance to Narnia in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. Of all the Pevensie children, Lucy is the closest to Aslan. Also, of all the humans who have visited Narnia, Lucy is perhaps the one that believes in Narnia the most. She is ultimately crowned "Queen Lucy the Valiant", co-ruler of Narnia along with her two brothers and her sister. Lucy is the central character of the four siblings in the novels. Lucy is a principal character in three of the seven books (The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, Prince Caspian, and The Voyage of the Dawn Treader), and a minor character in two others (The Horse and His Boy and The Last Battle).
Lucy is portrayed by Georgie Henley in the 2005 film The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and she returned to reprise her role in the 2008 film The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian. Georgie's elder sister, Rachael Henley, portrays the older Queen Lucy at the end of the first film. Georgie Henley also reprised her role in the 2010 film The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, which is the third of the film series.
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Margaret Thatcher
Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG, OM, PC, FRS, née Roberts (born 13 October 1925) is a British politician and the longest-serving (1979–1990) British prime minister of the 20th century, and the only woman ever to have held the post. A Soviet journalist nicknamed her the "Iron Lady", which later became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style. As prime minister, she implemented conservative policies that have come to be known as Thatcherism.
Originally a research chemist before becoming a barrister, Thatcher was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Finchley in 1959. Edward Heath appointed her Secretary of State for Education and Science in his 1970 government. In 1975 Thatcher defeated Heath in the Conservative Party leadership election and became Leader of the Opposition, as well as the first woman to lead a major political party in the United Kingdom. She became prime minister after winning the 1979 general election.
After entering 10 Downing Street, Thatcher introduced a series of political and economic initiatives to reverse what she perceived as Britain's precipitous national decline. Her political philosophy and economic policies emphasised deregulation (particularly of the financial sector), flexible labour markets, the privatisation of state-owned companies, and reducing the power and influence of trade unions. Thatcher's popularity during her first years in office waned amid recession and high unemployment, until economic recovery and the 1982 Falklands War brought a resurgence of support, resulting in her re-election in 1983. Thatcher was re-elected for a third term in 1987, but her Community Charge (popularly referred to as "poll tax") was widely unpopular and her views on the European Community were not shared by others in her Cabinet. She resigned as Prime Minister and party leader in November 1990, after Michael Heseltine launched a challenge to her leadership.
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Octavia Hill
Octavia Hill (3 December 1838 – 13 August 1912) was an English social reformer, whose main concern was the welfare of the inhabitants of cities, especially London, in the second half of the nineteenth century. Born into a family with a strong commitment to alleviating poverty, she herself grew up in straitened circumstances owing to the financial failure of her father. With no formal schooling, she worked from the age of 14 for the welfare of working people.
Hill was a moving force behind the development of social housing, and her early friendship with John Ruskin enabled her to put her theories into practice with the aid of his initial investment. She believed in self-reliance, and made it a key part of her housing system that she and her assistants knew their tenants personally and encouraged them to better themselves. She was opposed to municipal provision of housing, believing it to be bureaucratic and impersonal.
Another of Hill's concerns was the availability of open spaces for poor people. She campaigned against development on existing suburban woodlands, and helped to save London's Hampstead Heath and Parliament Hill Fields from being built on. She was one of the three founders of the National Trust, set up to preserve places of historic interest or natural beauty for the enjoyment of the British public. She was a founder member of the Charity Organisation Society (now the charity Family Action) which organised charitable grants and pioneered a home-visiting service that formed the basis for modern social work. She was a member of the Royal Commission on the Poor Laws in 1905.
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Peter Pevensie
Peter Pevensie is a fictional major character of C. S. Lewis's The Chronicles of Narnia series. Peter appears in four of the seven books; as a child and a principal character in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and Prince Caspian, and as an adult in The Horse and His Boy and The Last Battle. He is also mentioned in The Voyage of the Dawn Treader.
In Disney's live-action films, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and Prince Caspian, Peter is portrayed by English actor William Moseley. Actor Noah Huntley portrays an older Peter at the end of the first film.
Peter is the eldest of the four Pevensie children and shares his adventures in Narnia with his sisters Susan and Lucy and with his brother Edmund. As the High King of Narnia, Peter has authority over all other Kings and Queens the country will ever have. Peter is described in the book as having black hair, dark eyes and dimples like his siblings.[citation needed]
An early draft of The Lion begins, "This book is about four children whose names were Ann, Martin, Rose, and Peter. But it is most about Peter who was the youngest." Peter is the only name that makes it into the final work, but as the oldest child instead of the youngest. (Hooper 1977, pp. 105–6) Pevensey, on the southeast coast of England, is the site of a mediæval castle that figures importantly in British history at several points. In Rudyard Kipling's Puck of Pook's Hill (1907) at least one of the characters refers to Pevensey as "England's Gate", which the celebrated wardrobe in Lewis's books quite literally becomes.[citation needed] The surname "Pevensie" does not actually appear in the Chronicles until the third published book, The Voyage of the Dawn Treader.
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Spike Milligan
Terence Alan Patrick Seán "Spike" Milligan KBE (16 April 1918 – 27 February 2002) was a British comedian, writer, musician, poet, playwright, soldier and actor. His early life was spent in India, where he was born, but the majority of his working life was spent in the United Kingdom. He became an Irish citizen in 1962 after the British government declared him stateless. He was the co-creator, main writer and a principal cast member of The Goon Show, performing a range of roles including the popular Eccles.
Milligan wrote and edited many books, including Puckoon and his seven-volume autobiographical account of his time serving during the Second World War, beginning with Adolf Hitler: My part in his downfall. He is also noted as a popular writer of comical verse; much of his poetry was written for children, including Silly Verse for Kids (1959). After success with the ground-breaking British radio programme, The Goon Show, Milligan translated this success to television with Q5, a surreal sketch show which is credited as a major influence on the members of Monty Python's Flying Circus.
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Susan Pevensie
Susan Pevensie is a fictional major character of C. S. Lewis's The Chronicles of Narnia series. Susan is the elder sister and the second eldest Pevensie child. She appears in three of the seven books—as a child in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and Prince Caspian, and as an adult in The Horse and His Boy. She is also mentioned in The Voyage of the Dawn Treader and The Last Battle. During her reign at the Narnian capital of Cair Paravel, she is known as Queen Susan the Gentle or Queen Susan of the Horn. She was the only Pevensie that survived the train wreck (because she was not on the train or at the station) on Earth which sent the others to Narnia after The Last Battle.
In Disney's live-action films, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005) and Prince Caspian (2008), Susan is portrayed by actress Anna Popplewell. Actress Sophie Winkleman portrays an older Susan at the end of the first film. In the book Susan is described as having black hair: "And Susan grew into a tall and gracious woman with black hair that fell almost to her feet and the kings of the countries beyond the sea began to send ambassadors asking for her hand in marriage. And she was called Susan the Gentle."
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William Hogarth
William Hogarth (10 November 1697 – 26 October 1764) was an English painter, printmaker, pictorial satirist, social critic and editorial cartoonist who has been credited with pioneering western sequential art. His work ranged from realistic portraiture to comic strip-like series of pictures called "modern moral subjects". Knowledge of his work is so pervasive that satirical political illustrations in this style are often referred to as "Hogarthian."
William Hogarth was born at Bartholomew Close in London to Richard Hogarth, a poor Latin school teacher and textbook writer, and Anne Gibbons. In his youth he was apprenticed to the engraver Ellis Gamble in Leicester Fields, where he learned to engrave trade cards and similar products. Young Hogarth also took a lively interest in the street life of the metropolis and the London fairs, and amused himself by sketching the characters he saw. Around the same time, his father, who had opened an unsuccessful Latin-speaking coffee house at St John's Gate, was imprisoned for debt in Fleet Prison for five years. Hogarth never spoke of his father's imprisonment.[citation needed]
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William Shee
Sir William Shee QS (24 June 1804–1868) was an Anglo-Irish politician, lawyer and judge, the first Roman Catholic judge to sit in England and Wales since the Reformation.
Shee was born in Finchley, Middlesex. His father, Joseph, was a merchant from Thomastown, County Kilkenny, Ireland, his mother, Teresa née Darell. Nicholas Wiseman was a cousin. He was initially educated at the school for French refugees founded by the Abbé Carron in Somers Town and where Hughes Felicité Robert de Lamennais taught. In 1818 he joined Wiseman as a student at St. Cuthbert's College, Ushaw. He also attended Edinburgh University where he joined The Speculative Society. In 1823 he became a pupil of Thomas Chitty at Lincoln's Inn and was called to the bar in 1828.
Shee enjoyed a successful career as a barrister, being made serjeant-at-law in 1840, receiving a patent of precedence in 1845, and being appointed queen's serjeant in 1857. In 1837, he married Mary Gordon (died 1861) and their children included George Darell Shee and Henry Gordon Shee QC who became Recorder of Burnley and a judge in Salford.
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World War I
World War I (WWI), which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939 (World War II), and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. It involved all the world's great powers, which were assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (based on the Triple Entente of the United Kingdom, France and Russia) and the Central Powers (originally centred around the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy; but, as Austria–Hungary had taken the offensive against the agreement, Italy did not enter into the war). These alliances both reorganised (Italy fought for the Allies), and expanded as more nations entered the war. Ultimately more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, largely because of enormous increases in lethality of weapons, thanks to new technology, without corresponding improvements in protection or mobility. It was the sixth-deadliest conflict in world history, subsequently paving the way for various political changes such as revolutions in the nations involved.
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Rebel & Flex Feat. SAS - This is Finchley (Gaveyard Family - Eurogang)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:08
- Updated: 07 Jan 2013
graveyard family this is finchley n2 n3 n12 grange estate strawberry vale sas sas eurogang hip hop rap uk north london gyf finch bally gang ybg ldn rebel lyricalflex mega mayhem sb.tv limitless vids lockdown records toxivtv uk overstood streets selected black magik tv grime daily streets incarcerated inc
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graveyard family this is finchley n2 n3 n12 grange estate strawberry vale sas sas eurogang hip hop rap uk north london gyf finch bally gang ybg ldn rebel lyricalflex mega mayhem sb.tv limitless vids lockdown records toxivtv uk overstood streets selected black magik tv grime daily streets incarcerated inc
Horace of Finchley Tribute Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:28
- Updated: 07 Jan 2013
Horace of Finchley When I heard the news about the passing of Horace of Finchley, along with my children, and their friends, and thousands of people in north London, I was greatly saddened. Horace touched a lot of peoples' hearts. The next thing I knew was I had picked up my guitar and was writing a tribute song for Horace on the same guitar that I wrote one of my most well known hits, 'I'm in the Mood for Dancing', sung by the Nolans. I got in touch with a good friend, Tom Wordsworth, who has a music studio, and over the the next couple of days we recorded this tribute song. I would love the song to raise money for the Whittington Hospital whose wonderful staff tried to save Horace; he was such a well known member of the community and will be missed by everyone that has come into contact with Horace (the legend) over the years.
http://wn.com/Horace_of_Finchley_Tribute_Video
Horace of Finchley When I heard the news about the passing of Horace of Finchley, along with my children, and their friends, and thousands of people in north London, I was greatly saddened. Horace touched a lot of peoples' hearts. The next thing I knew was I had picked up my guitar and was writing a tribute song for Horace on the same guitar that I wrote one of my most well known hits, 'I'm in the Mood for Dancing', sung by the Nolans. I got in touch with a good friend, Tom Wordsworth, who has a music studio, and over the the next couple of days we recorded this tribute song. I would love the song to raise money for the Whittington Hospital whose wonderful staff tried to save Horace; he was such a well known member of the community and will be missed by everyone that has come into contact with Horace (the legend) over the years.
- published: 29 Sep 2012
- views: 7313
- author: RobertJohnPuzey
Route 82: North Finchley - Victoria
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:24
- Updated: 04 Jan 2013
A Full Visual of Route 82. Route 82: North Finchley - Victoria operated by Metroline.
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A Full Visual of Route 82. Route 82: North Finchley - Victoria operated by Metroline.
- published: 29 Apr 2011
- views: 4879
- author: LondonBuses47
Buses in North Finchley on 2nd June 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:41
- Updated: 05 Jan 2013
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Physiotherapy Finchley | 0203 322 4306 | Finchley Physiotherapy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:19
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
Professional and experienced physiotherapist providing expert clinical diagnosis, treatment, relief and rehabilitation of back, joint or soft tissue injuries, aches and pains. Call 0203 322 4306 today for expert physiotherapy in Finchley.
http://wn.com/Physiotherapy_Finchley_|_0203_322_4306_|_Finchley_Physiotherapy
Professional and experienced physiotherapist providing expert clinical diagnosis, treatment, relief and rehabilitation of back, joint or soft tissue injuries, aches and pains. Call 0203 322 4306 today for expert physiotherapy in Finchley.
- published: 15 Dec 2012
- views: 5019
- author: Ryder Riordan
Harrow Borough v Wingate & Finchley - 5th January, 2013
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:12
- Updated: 06 Jan 2013
So, I missed three unbeaten home games (including a 4-3 and a 3-3), and returned in time for this defeat. Last week, the goalkeeper, Elvijs Putnins, scored from his own penalty area; this week he left his box to get sent off. Such is life... Thank you for watching The Fool (and his Monkey)
http://wn.com/Harrow_Borough_v_Wingate_Finchley_5th_January,_2013
So, I missed three unbeaten home games (including a 4-3 and a 3-3), and returned in time for this defeat. Last week, the goalkeeper, Elvijs Putnins, scored from his own penalty area; this week he left his box to get sent off. Such is life... Thank you for watching The Fool (and his Monkey)
- published: 05 Jan 2013
- views: 237
- author: FoolAndHisMonkey
Wealdstone FC vs. Wingate and Finchley (01/01/13)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:08
- Updated: 07 Jan 2013
like and subscribe
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Two Jubilee Lines @ Finchley Road
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:01
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
Two Jubilee Lines @ Finchley Road 1. Jubilee Line 1996TS 96039 Arrivng Finchley Road 2: Jubilee Line 1996TS 96119 Departing Finchley Road Friday 16th November 2012
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Two Jubilee Lines @ Finchley Road 1. Jubilee Line 1996TS 96039 Arrivng Finchley Road 2: Jubilee Line 1996TS 96119 Departing Finchley Road Friday 16th November 2012
- published: 17 Nov 2012
- views: 435
- author: X2K9
Leonie Dawson's Create Your Incredible Year 2013 Workbooks in my A5 Filofax Finchley!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:40
- Updated: 07 Jan 2013
NEW! If you buy or already bought Leonie Dawson's Workbook & Planner through my following link, you will receive my TIME MANAGEMENT E-BOOK or FREE. See tinyurl.com/d8a6l54 for the details! If you love life, you'll love Leonie Dawson!! And if you love ring bound organizers - and Filofax binders in particular - you'll enjoy my short review of her amazing Life and Biz edition in my gorgeous purple Finchley Filofax ... ;-) Here's the link to buy Leonie's Workbook: tinyurl.com Free monthly inserts from www.limetreefruits.com My blog notanotherfilofaxblog.blogpost.com
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NEW! If you buy or already bought Leonie Dawson's Workbook & Planner through my following link, you will receive my TIME MANAGEMENT E-BOOK or FREE. See tinyurl.com/d8a6l54 for the details! If you love life, you'll love Leonie Dawson!! And if you love ring bound organizers - and Filofax binders in particular - you'll enjoy my short review of her amazing Life and Biz edition in my gorgeous purple Finchley Filofax ... ;-) Here's the link to buy Leonie's Workbook: tinyurl.com Free monthly inserts from www.limetreefruits.com My blog notanotherfilofaxblog.blogpost.com
- published: 28 Nov 2012
- views: 858
- author: Ju La
Highlight's BURY TOWN v Wingate & Finchley ( RYMAN PREMIER 24-11-12)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:20
- Updated: 28 Nov 2012
Highlights BURY TOWN v Wingate & Finchley Ryman Premier Division Bury went on to win 4-2 Bury Goal scorers John Sands (2) Mark Coulson,Sam Reed Wingate's scorers Murat Karagul,Leon Smith
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Highlights BURY TOWN v Wingate & Finchley Ryman Premier Division Bury went on to win 4-2 Bury Goal scorers John Sands (2) Mark Coulson,Sam Reed Wingate's scorers Murat Karagul,Leon Smith
- published: 28 Nov 2012
- views: 418
- author: BuryTownFCTV
Life in the Non-League: Wingate and Finchley FC
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:15
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
A documentary produced by Be Champions TV for the Rymans Premier league and Wingate and Finchley FC.
http://wn.com/Life_in_the_Non-League_Wingate_and_Finchley_FC
A documentary produced by Be Champions TV for the Rymans Premier league and Wingate and Finchley FC.
- published: 07 Nov 2012
- views: 1331
- author: BeChampionsTV
Trains at Finchley Road, 29/11/2012.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:46
- Updated: 07 Jan 2013
A short collections of London Underground Jubilee Line and Metropolitan Line Trains doing their daily business on a late Thursday Morning in November 2012. M Griffiths Videos 2012 ©
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A short collections of London Underground Jubilee Line and Metropolitan Line Trains doing their daily business on a late Thursday Morning in November 2012. M Griffiths Videos 2012 ©
- published: 11 Dec 2012
- views: 211
- author: Mark Madhava Griffiths
Physiotherapy Barnet | 0203 322 4306 | Barnet Physiotherapy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:21
- Updated: 15 Dec 2012
Physiotherapy Barnet: Expert clinical diagnosis, treatment, relief and rehabilitation of your back, joint or soft tissue injuries, aches and pains. Call 0203 322 4306 for an appointment.
http://wn.com/Physiotherapy_Barnet_|_0203_322_4306_|_Barnet_Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy Barnet: Expert clinical diagnosis, treatment, relief and rehabilitation of your back, joint or soft tissue injuries, aches and pains. Call 0203 322 4306 for an appointment.
- published: 15 Dec 2012
- views: 5176
- author: Ryder Riordan
Personal Filofax Finchley
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:42
- Updated: 07 Jan 2013
Thoughts on this beautiful leather Filofax.
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A5 Finchley Filofax- 17 Sections and More to Come!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:11
- Updated: 02 Jan 2013
Presenting the A5 Chocolate Finchley Filofax, complete with 15 dividers, 4 top tabs, 4 calendar styles, and still room for more! If you're interested, the tea reviews end up here: www.adventuroustea.com And my website is here: www.jasminestarnino.com
http://wn.com/A5_Finchley_Filofax_17_Sections_and_More_to_Come!
Presenting the A5 Chocolate Finchley Filofax, complete with 15 dividers, 4 top tabs, 4 calendar styles, and still room for more! If you're interested, the tea reviews end up here: www.adventuroustea.com And my website is here: www.jasminestarnino.com
- published: 07 Jul 2012
- views: 3661
- author: Jasmine Starnino
THE NEW VAUDEVILLE BAND - Finchley Central
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:59
- Updated: 05 Jan 2013
(Alan Klein / Geoff Stephens) The New Vaudeville Band - 1967 Finchley Central is two and sixpence From Golders Green on the Northern Line And on the platform, by the kiosk That's where you said you'd be mine There we made a date For hours I waited But I'm blowed, you never showed At Finchley Central, ten long stations From Golders Green, change at Camden Town I thought I'd made you, but I'm afraid you And it let me down The New Vaudeville Band could almost be described as the band that never was- or at least nearly never was. They were almost entirely the brainchild of Tin Pan Alley songwriter Geoff Stephens. He had written a good song, 'Winchester Cathedral' and thought it would sound best if played in the fashion of a 1930s dance band. So he hired a group of session musicians and recorded it. The idea of an old jazz band wasn't new; an established band- the Temperance Seven- had played similar old time music four years or so earlier, but Geoff's record was an enormous success. In fact it was so successful that it reached #1 in the USA, and #2 in Germany. Unfortunately, following this sudden high profile, Geoff was expected to take his band on concert tours! Musicians were quickly gathered together largely through the efforts of Henri Harrison- including a vocalist, Alan Klein, who had not been on the original hit (sometimes alleged to be John Carter from the Ivy League/ Flowerpot Men, but I am assured that it was John Smith that did this session, a singer who called ...
http://wn.com/THE_NEW_VAUDEVILLE_BAND_Finchley_Central
(Alan Klein / Geoff Stephens) The New Vaudeville Band - 1967 Finchley Central is two and sixpence From Golders Green on the Northern Line And on the platform, by the kiosk That's where you said you'd be mine There we made a date For hours I waited But I'm blowed, you never showed At Finchley Central, ten long stations From Golders Green, change at Camden Town I thought I'd made you, but I'm afraid you And it let me down The New Vaudeville Band could almost be described as the band that never was- or at least nearly never was. They were almost entirely the brainchild of Tin Pan Alley songwriter Geoff Stephens. He had written a good song, 'Winchester Cathedral' and thought it would sound best if played in the fashion of a 1930s dance band. So he hired a group of session musicians and recorded it. The idea of an old jazz band wasn't new; an established band- the Temperance Seven- had played similar old time music four years or so earlier, but Geoff's record was an enormous success. In fact it was so successful that it reached #1 in the USA, and #2 in Germany. Unfortunately, following this sudden high profile, Geoff was expected to take his band on concert tours! Musicians were quickly gathered together largely through the efforts of Henri Harrison- including a vocalist, Alan Klein, who had not been on the original hit (sometimes alleged to be John Carter from the Ivy League/ Flowerpot Men, but I am assured that it was John Smith that did this session, a singer who called ...
- published: 14 Dec 2009
- views: 35074
- author: lindyhoppers
Highlights BURY TOWN Wingate & Finchley 22-9-2012 FA CUP 2nd Qualifying Round
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:23
- Updated: 23 Sep 2012
Highlights FA Cup 2nd QR BURY TOWN v Wingate & Finchley..BURY went on to win 2-1 Bury scorers was Lee Reed,Billy Clark Win & Finch scorer was Leon Smith
http://wn.com/Highlights_BURY_TOWN_Wingate_Finchley_22-9-2012_FA_CUP_2nd_Qualifying_Round
Highlights FA Cup 2nd QR BURY TOWN v Wingate & Finchley..BURY went on to win 2-1 Bury scorers was Lee Reed,Billy Clark Win & Finch scorer was Leon Smith
- published: 22 Sep 2012
- views: 550
- author: BuryTownFCTV
Wingate & Finchley 0-6 Chelmsford City - Pre-Season Friendly Highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:54
- Updated: 09 Aug 2012
Match commentary is from Ben Parks. Exclusive highlights of pre-season friendly between Ryman Premier League outfit Wingate & Finchley and Chelmsford City. The Conference South side ran out 6-0 winners. Stay up to date with all the latest non-league football news from www.footballexclusives.co.uk TWITTER www.twitter.com FACEBOOK: www.facebook.com YOUTUBE: www.youtube.com LINKEDIN: www.linkedin.com
http://wn.com/Wingate_Finchley_0-6_Chelmsford_City_Pre-Season_Friendly_Highlights
Match commentary is from Ben Parks. Exclusive highlights of pre-season friendly between Ryman Premier League outfit Wingate & Finchley and Chelmsford City. The Conference South side ran out 6-0 winners. Stay up to date with all the latest non-league football news from www.footballexclusives.co.uk TWITTER www.twitter.com FACEBOOK: www.facebook.com YOUTUBE: www.youtube.com LINKEDIN: www.linkedin.com
- published: 09 Aug 2012
- views: 449
- author: footballexclusives
Wingate & Finchley FC v Bognor Regis Town FC
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:18
- Updated: 09 Oct 2012
A trip to West Finchley and the Harry Abrahams Stadium for the Ryman Premier League clash between Wingate & Finchley and Bognor Regis Town.
http://wn.com/Wingate_Finchley_FC_v_Bognor_Regis_Town_FC
A trip to West Finchley and the Harry Abrahams Stadium for the Ryman Premier League clash between Wingate & Finchley and Bognor Regis Town.
- published: 15 Sep 2012
- views: 630
- author: DavesGreatAdventure
Jubilee Line (Diamond Jubilee Livery) 1996TS @ Finchley Road
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:04
- Updated: 12 Dec 2012
Jubilee Line (Diamond Jubilee Livery) 1996TS @ Finchley Road Friday 1st June 2012
http://wn.com/Jubilee_Line_Diamond_Jubilee_Livery_1996TS_@_Finchley_Road
Jubilee Line (Diamond Jubilee Livery) 1996TS @ Finchley Road Friday 1st June 2012
- published: 02 Jun 2012
- views: 8096
- author: X2K9
Jubilee Line 1996TS 96083 Passing Finchley Road
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:51
- Updated: 20 Dec 2012
Jubilee Line 1996TS 96083 Passing Finchley Road a not in service filmed with my Samsung galaxy note 2 Friday 14th December 2012
http://wn.com/Jubilee_Line_1996TS_96083_Passing_Finchley_Road
Jubilee Line 1996TS 96083 Passing Finchley Road a not in service filmed with my Samsung galaxy note 2 Friday 14th December 2012
- published: 14 Dec 2012
- views: 444
- author: X2K9
Boxing Fight /Bout @ Finchley ABC - Aaron Foster vs. Chris Brown - 24/05/2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:48
- Updated: 27 Dec 2012
Aaron Foster Boxer in the Red Corner dressed In White/Blue Representing Finchley ABC won by unanimous decision | Twitter: twitter.com
http://wn.com/Boxing_Fight_Bout_@_Finchley_ABC_Aaron_Foster_vs_Chris_Brown_24_05_2012
Aaron Foster Boxer in the Red Corner dressed In White/Blue Representing Finchley ABC won by unanimous decision | Twitter: twitter.com
- published: 24 May 2012
- views: 1784
- author: JBizOfficial
Jubilee Line Trains @ Finchley Road
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:07
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
Jubilee Line Trains @ Finchley Road Friday 4th May 2012
http://wn.com/Jubilee_Line_Trains_@_Finchley_Road
Jubilee Line Trains @ Finchley Road Friday 4th May 2012
- published: 05 May 2012
- views: 3598
- author: X2K9
photo: AP / Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
08 Jan 2013
MOSCOW, January 8 (RIA Novosti) – At least 17 billion Earth-size planets may inhabit the Milky Way galaxy, SPACE.com reported citing a new study by US astronomers ... That translates to a minimum of 17 billion planets as there are about 100 billion stars in the Milky Way ... Over a hundred of candidates have been confirmed as planets so far, NASA said....(size: 1.7Kb)
photo: WN / Imran Nissar
06 Jan 2013
ISLAMABAD - The Pakistani military is accusing forces from neighboring India of crossing the boundary between the two sides' forces in Kashmir and attacking a Pakistani border post, killing a soldier. The military's public relations office said in a statement Sunday that another Pakistani soldier was critically wounded in the incident early Sunday. They said troops are still exchanging gunfire in the area ... All rights reserved ... Parker ... ....(size: 4.3Kb)
photo: UN / Evan Schneider
06 Jan 2013
LONDON -- They have barely 3,000 inhabitants and far more sheep than people. They are more than 8,700 miles from London. For much of the year, they are bitterly cold and wind-swept, with only open sea and ice between them and Antarctica ... But the Falkland Islands, the focus of a short war between Britain and Argentina in 1982, have been in the headlines again recently ... Their arguments suggest what has long been evident ... Ms ... Mr ... Cameron said....(size: 5.1Kb)
photo: US Army / Sgt. Christopher Bonebrake
07 Jan 2013
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. When Congress granted President Lyndon B. Johnson absolute powers to "take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression," Congress could have also included "all necessary vanities." The 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which greatly escalated a foreign imperial war in Vietnam, added fuel to the bonfires of vanity....(size: 5.2Kb)
photo: AP / New South Wales Rural Fire Service
08 Jan 2013
SYDNEY - Firefighters battled scores of wildfires raging across southeast Australia on Tuesday with officials evacuating national parks and warning that blistering temperatures and high winds had led to "catastrophic" fire conditions in some areas. Enlarge. A charred vehicle sits near the remains of a destroyed home following a wildfire near Dunalley, east of the Tasmanian capital of Hobart, Australia, Saturday, Jan. 5, 2013 ... Editorial ... ....(size: 6.3Kb)
The Guardian
09 Jan 2013
From Bond to Bourne to hairy monsters and sub-humans, cinema has always loved the tube. The dark side of the underground ... An American Werewolf in London. Photograph. Ronald Grant Archive ... Luckily (and implausibly), the train in Skyfall was empty ... Link to this video ... Other favoured stations for filming include East Finchley (which has a spare platform) and the defunct Jubilee line platforms of Charing Cross (for a more up-to-date feel) ... ....(size: 8.8Kb)
The Independent
09 Jan 2013
Bob Clark was a man who believed his life to be guided by serendipity. Luck may have been a factor, but the war hero who went on to forge a glittering career in the City came from a generation of men who refused to talk up their own hard-won achievements and the personal qualities that got them there ... Robert Anthony Clark was born in Finchley, north London, in 1924, to Gladys and Jack Clark ... "To succeed you need luck ... ....(size: 6.8Kb)
The Daily Telegraph
08 Jan 2013
Actress Juno Temple has told of learning to strip for her latest role and the “brave, beautiful, inspiring women” she met along the way, as she confesses ... By Hannah Furness ... Comments ... Temple will now go head to head with British actress Riseborough, who has starred in IRA thriller Shadow Dancer, Wallis Simpson in W.E and the former British Prime Minister in television drama Margaret Thatcher - The Long Walk to Finchley ... Film....(size: 14.2Kb)
The Guardian
07 Jan 2013
A doctor on whether the US secretary of state should be taking it easy after her health scare. Hillary Clinton leaves New York Presbyterian Hospital on 2 January. Photograph. Joshua Lott. Hillary Clinton is back at work today with 12 meetings scheduled this week, just four weeks after a blood clot on the brain ... She didn't have a stroke or any neurological symptoms ... Clinton won't be pitching up at my surgery in Finchley, which is a relief ... ....(size: 4.2Kb)
Screen Daily
07 Jan 2013
Four of this year’s five nominees are women after last year’s awards were dominated by men. The winner will be decided by the public. This year’s Bafta EE Rising Star nominees are. Elizabeth OlsenAlicia VikanderAndrea RiseboroughSuraj Sharma Juno Temple. This year’s selection includes four women after there was some disquiet last year when all five nominees were men ... The Long Walk to Finchley and Wallis Simpson in W.E ... Email Save ... ....(size: 6.5Kb)
The Jazz Mann
06 Jan 2013
Sunday 20 January. Wild Card live @ The Dignity, 363 Regents Park Road, Finchley N3 1DH) starts 8.30pm, free Entry ... Drums ... Wild Card live @ The Dignity, 363 Regents Park Road, Finchley N3 1DH) starts 8.30pm, free Entry ... ....(size: 1.2Kb)
The Independent
06 Jan 2013
In a new, four-hander play called Hero, the actor is Jamie, a primary-school teacher. He's not gay, but it seems that some of his seven-year-old charges think he is ... Both teachers are trying to have babies ... After little more than a week off at his East Finchley home with girlfriend Lou (a make-up artist), seven-year-old son Mylo and two-month-old daughter Dixie, last week Mays was already treading the boards again ... Connected....(size: 16.2Kb)
The Independent
04 Jan 2013
This is the day when those players who spend their lives in the margins, the chorus line to the Van Persies, Agueros and Lampards, have the chance to seize centre stage ... Who will be this year's Ronnie Radford? Here are 10 possibilities ... Harshly sent off in Saturday's league draw with Wingate & Finchley, he is available to play today as suspensions incurred below Conference National level do not take effect for a fortnight ... Fa Cup....(size: 9.6Kb)
Belfast Telegraph
02 Jan 2013
I t was long held as an article of feminist faith that women in power would be the peaceable sex, reluctant to engage in violence, or go to war. That dogma was shattered by Margaret Thatcher in 1982 when she emerged as the warrior queen who so resolutely led the country to war in the Falklands ... Others counselled caution ... Force must be met with force ... I remember it all well ... Leftists also wrung their hands ... as British as Finchley" ... ....(size: 4.6Kb)
The Independent
31 Dec 2012
Ripper Street, a little ironically given the naked opportunism with which it exploits the allure of Whitechapel's most notorious killer, is based around a Victorian detective inspector who's sick to death of Jack the Ripper ... And when the pair followed up the case of a missing violinist from Finchley, they found themselves stumbling into the world of Victorian porn. There were light traces of historical research ... twitter.com/tds153 ....(size: 3.9Kb)
The Australian
26 Dec 2012
IN the opening scene of Steven Spielberg's cinematic masterpiece, Lincoln, the 16th US president is sitting beneath a wooden canopy surrounded by soldiers on a rainy battlefield talking about the meaning of the civil war. Immediately you are struck by Daniel Day Lewis's astonishing portrayal of Abraham Lincoln ... Recommended Coverage ... The Long Walk to Finchley (2008) is an excellent dramatisation of Thatcher's political ascendancy ... ....(size: 10.1Kb)
noodls
24 Dec 2012
Pancras On the Metropolitan line, there will be a limited service between Baker Street and Harrow-on-the-Hill On the Bakerloo line, LU intends to run a limited service between Queens Park and Paddington On the Northern line, LU intends to run a limited service between Morden and Stockwell, and between East Finchley and High Barnet. Owing to ......(size: 10.5Kb)
Irish Times
22 Dec 2012
MARK HENNESSY. ANALYSIS . Mill Hill Cemetery, north of Finchley in London, declares that one of “its many attributes is the wildflower meadow which has been created on unused burial land”, enhancing the rural feel of the 80-year-old graveyard ... Main centre of interest ... However, the well-travelled road is becoming more difficult to navigate ... Paperwork proving residency has become necessary ... ....(size: 2.8Kb)
Coordinates: 51°35′56″N 0°11′13″W / 51.599°N 0.187°W / 51.599; -0.187
| Finchley | |
 Ballards Lane, Church End, Finchley |
|
 Finchley
Finchley shown within Greater London |
|
| OS grid reference | TQ255905 |
|---|---|
| London borough | Barnet |
| Ceremonial county | Greater London |
| Region | London |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | LONDON |
| Postcode district | N2, N3, N12 |
| Dialling code | 020 |
| Police | Metropolitan |
| Fire | London |
| Ambulance | London |
| EU Parliament | London |
| UK Parliament | Finchley & Golders Green |
| London Assembly | Barnet and Camden |
| List of places: UK • England • London | |
Finchley ( /ˈfɪntʃli/) is a district in Barnet in north London, England. Finchley is on high ground, about 11 km (6.8 mi) north of Charing Cross. It formed an ancient parish in the county of Middlesex, becoming a municipal borough in 1933, and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. It is predominantly a residential suburb, with three town centres.
Contents |
History[link]
See also: History of Finchley
| 1881 | 11,191 |
|---|---|
| 1891 | 16,647 |
| 1901 | 22,126 |
| 1911 | 39,419 |
| 1921 | 46,716 |
| 1931 | 58,964 |
| 1941 | war # |
| 1951 | 69,991 |
| 1961 | 69,370 |
| # no census was held due to war | |
| source: UK census | |
Finchley probably means Finch's clearing or finches' clearing in late Anglo-Saxon; the name was first recorded in the early 13th century.[1] Finchley is not recorded in the Domesday book, but by the 11th century its lands were already included in those of the Bishop of London.[2] In early medieval period the area was sparsely populated woodland. During the 12th and 13th century proper farming began, and by the 15th and 16th century the woods on the eastern side of the parish were cleared to form Finchley Common.[3] The medieval Great North Road, which ran through the common, was notorious for Highwaymen until the early 19th century.[1]
In the 1270s the parish church of St Mary is first recorded. The settlement at Church End grow up around it.[4] Near the northern gate to the Bishop of London's park the hamlet of East End, later East Finchley had begun to develop by 1365.[5][6]
The Edgware, Highgate and London Railway (later the Great Northern Railway) reached Finchley in 1867.[7] The route ran from Finsbury Park via Finchley to Edgware. The High Barnet branch opened from Finchley in 1872.
In 1905 tram services were established in Finchley, and extended shortly after to Barnet.[8] They were eventually replaced by trolley buses.[9]
In 1933, the Underground New Works Programme, 1935-1940 was announced, to electrify the lines through Finchley, and connect the Underground from Archway to East Finchley, via a new tunnel.
Much of the work was carried out, with East Finchley station being completely rebuilt, until stopped by the Second World War. All passenger services from Finchley to Edgware ended in September 1939. Nevertheless, Underground trains began running from central London to High Barnet in 1940, and to Mill Hill East, to reach the large army barracks, in 1941.
After the war, the introduction of London's Metropolitan Green Belt undermined pre-war plans, and the upgrading between Mill Hill East and Edgware (the 'Northern Heights' project) was abandoned, although the line continued to be used by steam trains for goods traffic through Finchley, until it closed completely in 1964.
Governance and politics[link]
See also: Municipal Borough of Finchley
From around 1547 Finchley had a parish vestry, which became a local board in 1878, an urban district in 1895, and finally a municipal borough between 1933 and 1965. It is now subsumed into the London Borough of Barnet.[10]
Finchley was from 1959 to 1992 the Parliamentary constituency of Margaret Thatcher, British Prime Minister from 1979 to 1990.[11] Finchley is now covered by the new constituency of Finchley and Golders Green.
In February 2010, The Green Party held their spring party conference at the artsdepot in North Finchley.[12]
Geography[link]
File:Tally ho corner.JPG
Tally Ho Corner
Finchley is situated on a plateau, 90 metres (300 ft) above sea level about 11 km (6.8 mi) north of Charing Cross and about 6 km (3.7 mi) south of Barnet. To the west is the Dollis valley formed by Dollis Brook which is the natural western boundary of Finchley.[1] Mutton Brook forms the southern boundary, joining the Dollis Brook to become the River Brent. Geologically, Finchley is formed of three layers. Most of Finchley is on Boulder clay or glacial moraine, skirted by a layer of gravel, then the underlying layer of London clay. This roughly triangular gravel line was the most fertile area, hamlets grew at the three corners, which evolved into Finchley's early population centres[5] corresponding to the three town centres in the area:
- Church End, often known as "Finchley Central", (particularly since the tube station was renamed), the area north and west of the North Circular Road, centred around Ballards Lane and Finchley Central tube station, and in postal area N3;
- East Finchley, roughly the area between Highgate and the North Circular Road, and in postal area N2; and
- North Finchley, the area surrounding Tally-Ho Corner, stretching west to and the Northern Line, in postcode district N12.
The residential areas West Finchley in postcode district N3 and Woodside Park in postcode district N12 are centred on their respective tube stations to the west of the area.
The area of London known as Finchley Road, around Finchley Road tube station, is not part of Finchley, but instead refers to a commercial district in Swiss Cottage, Camden. The area is named after a section of the A41 road, which eventually runs north to Finchley.
|
Totteridge | Whetstone | Friern Barnet | |
| Mill Hill |  |
Muswell Hill | ||
 Finchley East |
||||
 |
||||
| Hendon | Golders Green | Highgate |
Landmarks[link]
See also: List of public art in Barnet
St Mary's at Finchley is the parish church, with parts dating from 13th century. Avenue House is a large Victorian house (Grade II listed) situated on East End Road. College Farm is the last farm in Finchley, it was a model dairy farm, then a visitor attraction. The Phoenix Cinema in East Finchley with its 1930s art deco facade is one of the oldest purpose-built cinemas in the UK.
The Sternberg Centre for Judaism located in the old Manor House (formerly the convent and school of St Mary Auxiliatrice) at 80 East End Road in Finchley is a Jewish cultural centre. It was founded to facilitate a number of important Reform and Liberal Jewish institutions,[clarification needed] attached to the Movement for Reform Judaism.
The Archer is a 10-foot-tall (3.0 m) statue by Eric Aumonier of a kneeling archer captured as if having just released an arrow. Located on East Finchley tube station. The statue La Délivrance depicts a naked women holding a sword, it stands at the approach to Finchley from the south, in Regent's Park Road, just north of Henly's Corner.
Transport[link]
Being in Greater London Transport for London is responsible for transport in Finchley. Finchley is served by four London Underground stations, all on the High Barnet branch of the Northern Line.
- East Finchley tube station in zone three, serves East Finchley and is 21 minutes from Charing Cross.
- Finchley Central tube station in zone four, serves Finchley, Church End and is 25 minutes from Charing Cross.
- West Finchley tube station in zone four, serves North Finchley and is 27 minutes from Charing Cross.
- Woodside Park tube station in zone four, serves North Finchley and is 29 minutes from Charing Cross.
Two of London's major roads, the east-west A406 North Circular Road and the north-south A1 meet and briefly merge at Henly's Corner at the southern edge of Finchley.
North Finchley with its bus station serves as a major hub with nine bus routes using bus stops around Tally Ho Corner.[13]
Education[link]
File:Christs College old building on hendon lane.JPG
The old Christ's College, now a secondary school
There are 17 primary schools in the district.[14]
There are six secondary schools. Three are voluntary aided schools, all Catholic: Bishop Douglass Catholic,[15] Finchley Catholic High[16] and St Michael's Catholic Grammar.[17] Two are community schools: Christ's College Finchley[18] and The Compton.[19] One is an academy, the 'Wren Academy',[20] named after Sir Christopher Wren, and sponsored by the Church of England.[21]
There is also a special school, Oak Lodge Special.
Woodhouse College in North Finchley is one of two colleges in the borough.[14]
Sports[link]
The local football team is Wingate & Finchley which plays in the Premier Division of the Isthmian League. It was founded as a specifically Jewish football club in 1946. The local rugby team is Finchley RFC. Finchley Cricket Club (founded 1832), plays in the Middlesex Premier League, with a pitch at Arden Field, East End Road, N3.[22]
Public services[link]
Veolia Water Central Limited, formerly Three Valleys Water, supplies Finchley's water; the area is in the south-east corner of the company's water supply area.[23] EDF Energy Networks is the Distribution network operator licensed to distribute electricity from the transmission grid to homes and businesses in Finchley.[citation needed]
The Finchley Memorial Hospital, on Granville Road North Finchley, is a small NHS hospital administrated by NHS Barnet, a primary care trust. Built with local donations in 1908 it was originally called Finchley Cottage Hospital, but renamed and expanded after the First World War as a war memorial.[24] London Ambulance Service responds to medical emergencies in Finchley. Home Office policing in Finchley is provided by the Metropolitan Police Service. Statutory emergency fire service is provided by the London Fire Brigade, which has a station on Long Lane.
Community Facilities[link]
The artsdepot, a community arts centre including a gallery, studio and theatre, opened in 2004, at Tally Ho Corner, North Finchley.[25]
Victoria Park is located off Ballards Lane between North Finchley and Finchley Central. It was proposed in 1887 to mark Queen Victoria’s Golden Jubilee, and opened in 1902 to become Finchley's first public park.[26] Further south, in East End Road is Avenue House and Grounds.
From 1874 to 1918 the home of former MP Henry "Inky" Stephens who made his fortune from fountain pens and ink, this finely landscaped park together with the house was bequeathed to the people of Finchley and, while owned by the council, is managed by Avenue House Estate Trust. The house contains a small museum, The Stephens Collection, which features the history of the Stephens' Ink Company with displays and exhibits, details of the Stephens family and the history of writing materials.
Cultural references[link]
William Hogarth painted his satirical 'March of the Guards to Finchley' in 1750. It is a depiction of a fictional mustering of troops on the Tottenham Court Road to march north to Finchley to defend the capital from the second Jacobite rebellion of 1745.
A number of fictional characters have been associated with the area, including:
- In Charles Dickens' The Old Curiosity Shop Mr Garland, one of the principal characters, lives in "Abel Cottage, Finchley".
- Bluebottle, a character in the 1950s BBC radio series The Goon Show, hails from East Finchley, where Peter Sellers who played Bluebottle used to live at one time.
- In various episodes of the Channel 4 comedy Peep Show Finchley is used as an on-site shooting location.
- In the 2005 film The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, Susan Pevensie says that she and her siblings, Peter, Edmund, and Lucy, are from Finchley, despite no mention of Finchley being made in C. S. Lewis's book - it is only mentioned that they are from London. In the next film, Prince Caspian, Edmund, on discovering in the ruins of Cair Paravel a gold Chess piece, says, "Well, I didn't exactly have a solid gold chess set in Finchley, did I?", saying that they are obviously in Narnia.
- The Monty Python's Flying Circus comedy sketch, The Funniest Joke in the World, is set in Finchley.
Notable people[link]
Main article: List of people from Barnet
Sir William Shee, the first Roman Catholic judge to sit in England and Wales since the Reformation lived in Finchley.[1] The novelist Charles Dickens wrote Martin Chuzzlewit whilst staying at Cobley Farm near Bow Lane, North Finchley.[27] Octavia Hill, a social reformer and a founder of the National Trust, Kyrle Society and the Army Cadet movement. She lived at Brownswell Cottages on the High Road in East Finchley just south of the junction with the North Circular Road today.[28][29] Harry Beck, an engineering draftsman who created the present London Underground Tube map in 1931,[30] lived in Finchey. There is a plaque commemorating him along with a copy of his original map on the southbound platform at Finchley Central tube station. Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, 1979–1990, was Conservative MP for Finchley from 1959 to 1992,[11] although she never lived in the area, instead preferring to live in Dulwich and Chelsea before and after her time in Downing Street. Spike Milligan, the comedian who was the chief creator and main writer of The Goon Show, lived in Woodside Park from 1955 to 1974. He was president and patron of the Finchley Society.[31] Private John Parr, the first British soldier and the first soldier of the Commonwealth killed in World War I was born in Church End Finchley, and lived at 52 Lodge Lane, North Finchley.
Twinning[link]
Finchley Borough had four twin towns, the London Borough of Barnet continues these links.
Jinja, Uganda Since 1963[32]
Le Raincy, France Since 1962[33]
Montclair, United States Since 1945[34]
Siegen-Wittgenstein, Germany Since 1951[35]
Gallery[link]
-
Art Deco 'Archer' Statue at East Finchley Tube Station
-
The Phoenix Cinema
-
Route of Edgware, Highgate and London Railway highlighted on a 1900 map
References[link]
- ^ a b c d Baker & Elrington (1980). "A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 6". Victoria County History. pp. 38–55.. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22501. Retrieved 2009-04-27.
- ^ Heathfield, John. "A short history of Finchley". The Finchley Society. http://www.finchleysociety.org.uk/actfinchleyhist.htm. Retrieved 2009-09-21.
- ^ Nurse, Richard (2007-11-20). "Finchley and Friern Barnet". LB Barnet. http://www.barnet.gov.uk/index/leisure-culture/libraries/archives/archives-histories/archives-finchleyhistories.htm. Retrieved 2009-09-23.
- ^ Nurse, Richard (13/02/2008). "Finchley N3 Hendon Lane". LB Barnet. http://www.barnet.gov.uk/index/leisure-culture/libraries/archives/archives-histories/archives-finchleyhistories/archives-finchley-hendonlane.htm. Retrieved 2009-09-23.
- ^ a b Weinreb, Ben; Christopher Hibbert. The London Encyclopedia. Julia Keay, John Keay (3rd ed.). Macmillan. pp. 290–291. ISBN 978-1-4050-4924-5.
- ^ Nurse, Richard (13/02/2008). "Finchley N2 East End Road". LB Barnet. http://www.barnet.gov.uk/index/leisure-culture/libraries/archives/archives-histories/archives-finchleyhistories/archives-finchley-eastendroad.htm. Retrieved 2009-09-23.
- ^ Clive's Underground Line Guides, Northern Line, Dates
- ^ London Transport Museum Tram in Finchley, dated 1905 to 1915
- ^ London Transport Museum Trolley bus at North Finchley
- ^ Baker, T F T; C R Elrington (1980). "Finchley Finchley Local government". British History Online. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22506. Retrieved 2009-09-21.
- ^ a b "Historic Figures Margaret Thatcher (1925 - )". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/thatcher_margaret.shtml. Retrieved 2009-04-27.
- ^ Lowe, Rebecca (21 February 2010). "Green Party conference held in Finchley". The Times Series. http://www.times-series.co.uk/news/5019909.Green_Party_conference_held_in_Finchley/. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
- ^ "Buses from North Finchley". Transport for London. http://www.tfl.gov.uk/tfl/gettingaround/maps/buses/pdf/northfinchley-2190.pdf. Retrieved 2009-09-22.
- ^ a b Crouch, Suzanne (10/09/2009). "Schools and Colleges". LB Barnet. http://www.barnet.gov.uk/index/education-learning/schools-colleges.htm. Retrieved 2009-09-24.
- ^ Bishop Douglass School web site
- ^ Finchley Catholic High School web site
- ^ St. Michael's Catholic Grammar School web site
- ^ Christ's College Finchley School web site
- ^ The Compton School web site
- ^ Wren Academy web site
- ^ "why wren academy". Wren Academy. 2009. http://www.wrenacademy.org/about/why.html. Retrieved 2009-09-25.
- ^ Lowe, Rebecca (10 December 2007). "Barnet cricket - 150 and not out". Times Series. http://www.times-series.co.uk/news/1893661.Barnet_cricket___150_and_not_out/. Retrieved 2009-09-24.
- ^ "Our supply area". Veolia Water. https://central.veoliawater.co.uk/our-supply-area-moving-home.aspx. Retrieved 2009-10-01.
- ^ "Honouring a century of care at Finchley Memorial Hospital". Times Series. Tuesday 21 October 2008. http://www.times-series.co.uk/news/topstories/3778350.Honouring_a_century_of_care_at_Finchley_Memorial_Hospital/. Retrieved 2009-10-01.
- ^ London Transport Museum artsdepot, 2006
- ^ Victoria Park, London Gardens Online
- ^ Nurse, Richard (13/02/2008). "Finchley N12 Fallow Corner". LB Barnet. http://www.barnet.gov.uk/index/leisure-culture/libraries/archives/archives-histories/archives-finchleyhistories/archives-finchley-fallowcorner.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
- ^ "Early Social Reform Influences". Octavia Hill’s Birthplace House. http://octaviahill.org/early-social-reform-influences.html. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
- ^ "The Octavia Hill Society". The Finchley Society. September 2009. http://www.finchleysociety.org.uk/Newsletters/2000s/2009/9-09.pdf. Retrieved 2009-10-01.
- ^ "Design Classics-The London Underground Map". BBC TV4. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0074tkm.
- ^ "Spike Milligan Statue Fund". Finchley Society. http://www.finchleysociety.org.uk/actstatuefund.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
- ^ Godleman, Mike (04/07/2007). "Town twinning Jinja (Uganda)". LB Barnet. http://www.barnet.gov.uk/index/leisure-culture/tourism-travel/town-twinning/jinja.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
- ^ Costello, Laura (2008-07-28). "Town twinning Le Raincy (France)". LB Barnet. http://www.barnet.gov.uk/index/leisure-culture/tourism-travel/town-twinning/le-raincy.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
- ^ Costello, Laura (2008-07-29). "Town twinning Montclair (USA)". LB Barnet. http://www.barnet.gov.uk/index/leisure-culture/tourism-travel/town-twinning/montclair.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
- ^ Godleman, Mike (2008-07-28). "Town twinning Siegen Wittgenstein (Germany)". LB Barnet. http://www.barnet.gov.uk/index/leisure-culture/tourism-travel/town-twinning/siegen-wittgenstein.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
External links[link]
- The Finchley Society
- The Finchley Arrow
- Finchlinks - For the bits of Finchley outside the North Circular
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Coordinates: 51°35′56″N 0°11′13″W / 51.599°N 0.187°W / 51.599; -0.187
Finchley ( /ˈfɪntʃli/) is a district in Barnet in north London, England. Finchley is on high ground, about 11 km (6.8 mi) north of Charing Cross. It formed an ancient parish in the county of Middlesex, becoming a municipal borough in 1933, and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. It is predominantly a residential suburb, with three town centres.
Finchley probably means Finch's clearing or finches' clearing in late Anglo-Saxon; the name was first recorded in the early 13th century. Finchley is not recorded in the Domesday book, but by the 11th century its lands were already included in those of the Bishop of London. In early medieval period the area was sparsely populated woodland. During the 12th and 13th century proper farming began, and by the 15th and 16th century the woods on the eastern side of the parish were cleared to form Finchley Common. The medieval Great North Road, which ran through the common, was notorious for Highwaymen until the early 19th century.
