Name	Anyang
Official name	安阳市
Native name	安阳
Settlement type	Prefecture-level city
Total type
Map caption
Dot x	|dot_y
Pushpin map	China
Pushpin label position
Pushpin map caption	Location in China
Pushpin mapsize
Coordinates display	inline,title
Coordinates region	CN
Subdivision type	Country
Subdivision name	China
Subdivision type1	Province
Subdivision name1	Henan
Parts style
Parts
P2
Leader title1
Established title
Established title1
Established title2
Named for
Area magnitude
Unit pref
Area total km2	7355
Area land km2
Area total dunam
Area urban km2	543.5
Area metro km2	1739.5
Area blank1 sq mi
Elevation footnotes
Elevation min ft
Population as of	2010 census
Population total	5172834
Population density km2	auto
Population metro	2025811
Population density metro km2	auto
Population urban	950301
Population density urban km2	auto
Population density blank1 sq mi
Timezone	China Standard
Utc offset	+8
coor type
Postal code type	Postal Code
Postal code	455000,456100,456300,456400,456500
Area code	372
Blank name	GDP
Blank info	CNY110.6 billion (2009)
Blank1 name	Major Nationalities
Blank1 info	Han
Blank2 name	County-level divisions
Blank2 info	9
Blank3 name	License plate prefixes
Blank3 info	E
Website	http://www.anyang.gov.cn
Footnotes	}}

Anyang (; ) is a prefecture-level city in Henan province, People's Republic of China. The northernmost city in Henan, Anyang borders Puyang to the east, Hebi and Xinxiang to the south, and the provinces of Shanxi and Hebei to its west and north respectively.

It has 5,172,834 inhabitants at the 2010 census whom 2,025,811 in the built up area made of 4 urban districts and Anyang county largely agglomered with the city proper.

History

Xiaonanhai, on the far western edge of the city, was home to prehistoric cavemen during the Stone Age. Over 7,000 artifacts (including stone tools and animal bone fossils) have been unearthed here, representing what has been dubbed the Xiaonanhai culture.

Around 2000 BC, the legendary sage-kings Zhuanxu and Emperor Ku are said to have established their capitals in the area around Anyang from where they ruled their kingdom. Their mausoleums are today situated in Sanyang village south of Neihuang County.

At the beginning of the 14th century BC, King Pangeng of the Shang Dynasty established his capital 2 km north of the modern city on the banks of the Huan River. The city, known as Yin, was the first stable capital in Chinese history, and from that point on the dynasty that founded it would also become known as the Yin Dynasty.

The capital served 12 kings in 8 generations, including Wu Ding, under whom the dynasty reached the zenith of its power, until it was wiped out, along with the dynasty that founded it, by King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty in 1046 BC.

Anyang's Tangyin County was the seat of Yue Village, birthplace of the famous Song Dynasty general, Yue Fei. This was also the historic home of Zhou Tong, Yue's military arts tutor (though fictional sources place him in Shaanxi).

Yuan and Ming

The contemporary city was reconstructed in 1368 CE during the Ming Dynasty.

Qing and Republican period

People's Republic of China

In August 1949, Anyang prefecture was detached from Henan and, along with Puyang and Xinxiang, consigned to the experimental province of Pingyuan. All three were returned to Henan in November 1953, with the dissolution of Pingyuan.

Geography and climate

Anyang has a total administrative area of , with elevation in this area tending to increase from east to west. The city actually lies on the border between steppe and the North China Plain, and as such, it has a four-season, monsoon-influenced climate, classified as semi-arid climate (Koppen ''BSk''), but barely so. Winters are cold, with a January average of , but dry, with little snow. Summers are hot and humid, with a July average of . A majority of the annual precipitation of falls in July and August alone, and the annual mean is .

Administration

The prefecture-level city of Anyang administers 4 districts, 1 county-level city and 4 counties.

Beiguan District (北关区)

Wenfeng District (文峰区)

Yindu District (殷都区)

Long'an District (龙安区)

Linzhou City (林州市)

Anyang County (安阳县)

Tangyin County (汤阴县)

Hua County (滑县)

Neihuang County (内黄县)

Economy

Anyang's opening to the outside world has enabled its foreign economic relations and trade to progress rapidly. Sixteen foreign-funded enterprises (joint ventures, cooperative enterprises and wholly foreign-owned enterprises) have been established. Recently, Anyang has established an economic and technological development zone covering a total area of 22.8 square kilometers, and issued a series of preferential policies to attract many domestic Chinese and foreign businesses. A multichannel, all-round foreign relations and trade network has been set up to lay a foundation for developing Anyang's economy.

Tourism

Anyang city is an ancient city with a history of over 3,000 years and is one of the Eight Ancient Capitals of China. It is one of the key birthplaces of Chinese ancient culture. Here are the primitive caves of 25,000 years ago, the overlapping strata of the Yangshao Culture, Longshan Culture and Xiaotun Culture, the memorial mausoleums of ancient Emperor Zhuanxu and Emperor Ku over 4,000 years ago, the first library of inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, the Soul Spring Temple, known as the "First Ancient Buddhist Temple in Henan", and 10,000-Buddha Ravine, as well as unique Wenfeng Pagoda, Xiuding Temple Pagoda and Mingfu Temple Pagoda. Anyang also has beautiful natural scenery—the Taihang Linlu Hill Scenic Area on the 400-kilometer Taihang Mountains and the grand 1,500-kilometer Red Flag Canal.

Tianning Temple

Tianning Si (Mansion Temple) was established during the Zhou dynasty, and has recently been restored by the Protection and Research Institute of Ancient Architecture of Anyang City, and opened to the public. The main structures within the temple compound include: the gate house, the three-room (8.4m x 14m) Hall of the Heavenly King with hanging-eaves over the gables rebuilt in 2002, the slightly larger (17.8m x 11.65m) Precious Hall of the Great Hero with single-eave gabled roof originally from the Qing dynasty and rebuilt in 2001, and the Wenfeng Pagoda.

Wenfeng Pagoda

Wenfeng Ta (Literature Peak Pagoda) on the grounds of the Tianning Temple is believed to have been constructed in 925 and is known, from inscriptions concerning the reconstruction of the temple, to have been in place by 952. The current pagoda was constructed during the Ming Dynasty and received its current name during the Qing Dynasty due to its proximity to the Confucian temple. The five-story dark red brick octagonal tower is 38.65m high and is, unusually, larger at the top than the bottom and is topped with a 10m Lamaist stupa-style dagoba steeple. The pagoda stands on two-metre-high stone pedestal and is decorated with multi-eave pent roofs and carvings of Buddhas and bodhisattvas. The unique pagoda is the symbol of Anyang.

Yinxu Museum

Located about 2 km northwest of Anyang are the ruins of the Shang Dynasty capital known as Yin. This massive archaeological site was discovered in 1899, excavated in the decades that followed, and first opened to the public in the 1980s as the Garden Museum of Yinxu. The current museum was opened on 16 March 2005, and includes the famous Tomb of Fu Hao. The site is inscribed on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.

International relations

Twin towns — Sister cities

Anyang is twinned with:

Lethbridge, Canada

See also

Historical capitals of China

Yinxu

History of the political divisions of China

Notes

External links

Government website of Anyang (in Simplified Chinese)

Category:Cities in Henan

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Name	Álvaro Siza Vieira
Birth date	25 June 1933
Birth place	Matosinhos, by Porto
Alma mater	University of Porto
Significant buildings	Faculty of Architecture, Porto
Awards	Pritzker Prize (1992) }}

Álvaro Joaquim de Melo Siza Vieira, GOSE, GCIH, is a contemporary Portuguese architect, born 25 June 1933 in Matosinhos a small coastal town by Porto. He is internationally known as Álvaro Siza ().

Life and career

He graduated in architecture in 1955, at the former School of Fine Arts from the University of Porto, the current FAUP - ''Faculdade de Arquitectura da Universidade do Porto''. He completed his first built work (four houses in Matosinhos) even before ending his studies in 1954, the same year that he first opened his private practice in Porto. Siza Vieira taught at the school from 1966 to 1969, returning in 1976. In addition to his teaching there, he has been a visiting professor at the Graduate School of Design, Harvard University; the University of Pennsylvania; Los Andes University of Bogota; and the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne.

Along with Fernando Távora, he is one of the references of the Porto School of Architecture where both were teachers. Both architects worked together between 1955 and 1958. Another architect he has collaborated with is Eduardo Souto de Moura, e.g. on Portugal's flagship pavilions at Expo '98 in Lisbon and Expo 2000 in Hannover, as well as on the Serpentine Pavillon 2005. Siza's work is often described as "poetic modernism"; he himself has contributed to publications on Luis Barragán.

Among Siza's earliest works was a public pool complex he created in the 1960s for Leça da Palmeira, a fishing town and summer resort north of Porto. In 1977, following the revolution in Portugal, the city government of Évora commissioned Siza to plan a housing project in the rural outskirts of the town. It was to be one of several that he would do for SAAL (''Servicio de Apoio Ambulatorio Local''), the national housing association, consisting of 1,200 low-cost, housing units, some one-story and some two-story row houses, all with courtyards. He was also a member of the team which reconstructed Chiado, the historic center of Lisbon destroyed by a fire in 1988.

Most of his best known works are located in his hometown Porto: the Boa Nova Tea House (1963), the Faculty of Architecture (1987–93), and the Serralves Museum of Contemporary Art (1997). Since the mid-1970s, Siza has been involved in numerous designs for public housing, public pools, and universities. Between 1995 and 2009, Siza has been working on an architecture museum on Hombroich island, completed in collaboration with Rudolf Finsterwalder. Most recently, he started coordinating the rehabilitation of the monuments and architectonic heritage of Cidade Velha (Old Village) in Santiago, an island of Cape Verde.

Recognition

In 1987, the dean of Harvard Graduate School of Design, the Spanish architect José Rafael Moneo, organized the first show of Siza’s work in the United States. In 1992, he was awarded with the renowned Pritzker Prize for the renovation project that he coordinated in the Chiado area of Lisbon, a historic commercial sector that was all but completely destroyed by fire in August 1988.

Other prizes include: The Golden Medal of The Superior Counsil of Arquitecture of the College of Architects of Madrid in 1988; Mies van der Rohe Award for European Architecture, the Prince of Wales Prize in Urban Design from Harvard University, and the Alvar Aalto Medal in 1988; Portugal's National Prize of Architecture 1993; the Arnold W. Brunner Memorial Prize by the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the Praemium Imperiale in 1998, the Wolf Prize in Arts in 2001, the Urbanism Special Grand Prize of France 2005.

Siza's Iberê Camargo Foundation in Porto Alegre, his first project built in Brazilian territory, was honoured by the Venice Architecture Biennale with the Golden Lion award in 2002. In 2007 the Brazilian Government awarded him the Cultural Merit Order Medal. More recently he was awarded the RIBA's 2009 Royal Gold Medallist.

Siza was conferred the title of Honoris Causa Doctor by the following universities: Polytechnic University of Valencia; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; University of Palermo; University Menendez Pelayo, in Santander; Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería in Lima, Peru; University of Coimbra; Lusíada University; Universidade Federal de Paraíba; the Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Pollo delle Scienze e delle Tecnologie, in Naple; the University of Architecture and Urbanism of Bucharest “Ion Mincu”, Romania (2005); and the University of Engineering in Pavia, Italy (2007). He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences as well as Honorary Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects, the American Institute of Architects, the ''Académie d'Architecture de France'' and the European Academy of Sciences and Arts.

Selected projects

1958-1963: Boa Nova restaurant in Matosinhos (Photos).

1958-1965: Quinta de Conceição swimming-pool (Photos).

1962: Miranda Santos House

1966: Leça da Palmeira swimming-pool (Photos).

1981-1985: Avelino Duarte House Ovar.

1987-1993: Faculty of Architecture of the University of Porto (Photos; Photos 2).

1988: Rebuilding plans of the Chiado neighbourhood after a fire, Lisbon.

1995: Library of the University of Aveiro.

1997: Serralves Museum of Contemporary Art (Photos).

1998: Architectural Practice, Porto (Photos).

1999: Residential tower, Maastricht.

2002: Southern Municipal District Center, Rosario, Argentina (first work by Siza in South America)

2005: Serpentine Gallery Pavilion 2005 (Photos).

2008: Iberê Camargo Foundation, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

2009: New Orleans tower, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

References

Category:1933 births Category:Living people Category:Pritzker Prize winners Category:Portuguese architects Category:People from Porto Category:Recipients of the Royal Gold Medal Category:University of Porto alumni Category:Wolf Prize in Arts laureates

ar:ألفارو سيزا zh-min-nan:Álvaro Siza Vieira ca:Álvaro Siza Vieira de:Álvaro Siza Vieira es:Álvaro Siza eu:Alvaro Siza Vieira fa:آلوارو سیزا fr:Alvaro Siza gl:Álvaro Siza ko:알바루 시자 비에이라 it:Alvaro Siza he:אלוורו סיזה hu:Álvaro Siza Vieira nl:Álvaro Siza ja:アルヴァロ・シザ pl:Álvaro Siza pt:Álvaro Siza Vieira ro:Álvaro Siza ru:Сиза Виейра, Алвару sk:Álvaro Siza Vieira sr:Алваро Сиза fi:Álvaro Siza Vieira sv:Álvaro Siza tr:Álvaro Siza Vieira vi:Alvaro Siza zh:阿爾瓦羅·西塞·維埃拉

Peter Anyang' Nyong'o is a Kenyan politician. He is the Secretary-General of the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM) and was elected to the National Assembly of Kenya in the December 2007 parliamentary election, representing the Kisumu Rural Constituency. r. Peter Anyang' Nyong' is the Minister for Medical Services. Was previously the Minister for Planning & National Development.

Pro. Nyong'o completed his undergraduate studies at Uganda's Makerere University, where he was awarded a 1st Class Honours degree in Political Science. He thereafter proceeded for his graduate and postgraduate studies at the University of Chicago, USA where he attained his Masters Degree and PhD in Political Science by 1977.

Nyong'o took teaching positions at the University of Nairobi where he was a Professor of Political Science and a visiting professor in universities in Mexico and Addis Ababa where he served until 1987, before taking up the position of Head of Programs at the American Academy of Sciences.

He is the Member of Parliament for Kisumu Rural constituency having been elected on a NARC ticket in the December 2002. His political career dates back to 1992 when he was first elected to parliament. He served as a nominated MP from 1998 to 2002.

The Minister, who actively agitated for Kenya's second liberation during the previous KANU regime. For his contribution to scholarship and democratization, Nyong'o received a German-American Award in 1995.

References

Category:Members of the National Assembly of Kenya Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Orange Democratic Movement politicians Category:Government ministers of Kenya