Didier Reynders
Minister of Foreign Affairs
Incumbent
Assumed office 6 December 2011
Prime Minister	Elio Di Rupo
Preceded by	Steven Vanackere
Minister of Finance
In office 12 July 1999 – 6 December 2011
Prime Minister	Guy Verhofstadt Yves Leterme Herman Van Rompuy Yves Leterme
Preceded by	Jean-Jacques Viseur
Succeeded by	Steven Vanackere (Designate)
Personal details
Born	(1958-08-06) 6 August 1958 (age 53) Liège, Belgium
Political party	Reformist Movement
Alma mater	University of Liège

Didier J.L. Reynders (born 6 August 1958) is a Belgian politician and a member of the Mouvement Réformateur (MR). He was Belgian Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Finance and Institutional Reforms in the Van Rompuy I Government, which took office on 30 December 2008.^[1]

He was born in Liège as the youngest in a family of three children. He studied law at the University of Liège. He served as Chairman of the NMBS / SNCB from 1986 to 1991. He is currently Minister of Finance since 1999 and Deputy Prime Minister since 2004. He was the chairman of the Mouvement Réformateur from 2004 to 2011.

Reynders led the MR to a victory in the 2007 election, with the MR becoming the largest Francophone party of Belgium. The Belgian King appointed Reynders as informateur, i.e. to start off the informal coalition talks for a new federal government.^[2]

Stalemate followed the 2010 general election. The King appointed a succession of people to negotiate a coalition from June 2010 onwards, but none succeeded in the task of forming a new government during the following seven months. Reynders was appointed informateur by the King on 2 February 2011. He reported on 16 February 2011, and his brief was extended through 1 March 2011.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official site

This article about a Belgian politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Prime Minister of Belgium Eerste Minister Premier Ministre Premierminister
Coat of Arms
Incumbent Elio Di Rupo since 6 December 2011
Residence	Number 16, Rue de la Loi / Wetstraat
Appointer	Albert II, as King of the Belgians
Term length	No term limit
Inaugural holder	Etienne Constantin de Gerlache
Formation	26 February 1831
Website	premier.fgov.be

Belgium

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This is a list of Prime Ministers of Belgium, known regionally as: Eerste Minister in Dutch, Premier Ministre in French, and Premierminister in German.

Although Leaders of Government (French: Chefs de Cabinet) had been appointed since the independence of the country, until 1918 the King often presided over the Council of Ministers, so the modern era of the "Premiership" started after World War I with Léon Delacroix.

Chairmen of the Cabinet (1831–1918)[link]

#	Name	Image	Took office	Left office	Party
[edit] Prime Ministers under Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier (Regent of Belgium 1831)
1	Etienne Constantin de Gerlache		27 February 1831	10 March 1831	(considered Catholic)
2	Joseph Lebeau (1st time)		28 March 1831	21 July 1831	(considered Liberal)
[edit] Prime Ministers under King Leopold I (1831–1865)
3	Félix de Muelenaere		24 July 1831	20 October 1832	(considered Catholic)
4	Albert Joseph Goblet d'Alviella		20 October 1832	4 August 1834	(considered Liberal)
5	Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt (1st time)		4 August 1834	18 April 1840	(considered Catholic)
6	Joseph Lebeau (2nd time)		18 April 1840	13 April 1841	(considered Liberal)
7	Jean-Baptiste Nothomb		13 April 1841	30 July 1845	(considered Liberal)
8	Sylvain Van de Weyer		30 July 1845	31 March 1846	(considered Liberal)
9	Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt (2nd time)		31 March 1846	12 August 1847	(considered Catholic)
10	Charles Rogier (1st time)		12 August 1847	31 October 1852	Liberal
11	Henri de Brouckère		31 October 1852	30 March 1855	Liberal
12	Pierre de Decker		30 March 1855	9 November 1857	(considered Catholic)
13	Charles Rogier (2nd time)		9 November 1857	3 January 1868	Liberal
[edit] Prime Ministers under King Leopold II (1865–1909)
14	Walthère Frère-Orban (1st time)		3 January 1868	2 July 1870	Liberal
15	Jules d'Anethan		2 July 1870	7 December 1871	Catholic
16	Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt (3rd time)		7 December 1871	21 August 1874	Catholic
17	Jules Malou (1st time)		21 August 1874	19 June 1878	Catholic
18	Walthère Frère-Orban (2nd time)		19 June 1878	16 June 1884	Liberal
19	Jules Malou (2nd time)		16 June 1884	26 October 1884	Catholic
20	Auguste Marie François Beernaert		26 October 1884	26 March 1894	Catholic
21	Jules de Burlet		26 March 1894	25 February 1896	Catholic
22	Paul de Smet de Naeyer (1st time)		25 February 1896	24 January 1899	Catholic
23	Jules Vandenpeereboom		24 January 1899	5 August 1899	Catholic
24	Paul de Smet de Naeyer (2nd time)		5 August 1899	2 May 1907	Catholic
25	Jules de Trooz		2 May 1907	31 December 1907	Catholic
26	Frans Schollaert		9 January 1908	17 June 1911	Catholic
[edit] Prime Ministers under King Albert I (1909–1934)
27	Charles de Broqueville (1st time)	60px	17 June 1911	1 June 1918	Catholic
28	Gérard Cooreman	60px	1 June 1918	21 November 1918	Catholic

Prime Ministers (1918–Present)[link]

#	Name	Image	Took office	Left office	Party	Election	Government
[edit] Prime Ministers under King Albert I (1909–1934)
1	Léon Delacroix		21 November 1918	20 November 1920	Catholic	–	Delacroix I Cath–Lib–BWP/POB
						1919	Delacroix II Cath–Lib–BWP/POB
2	Henri Carton de Wiart		20 November 1920	16 December 1921	Catholic	–	Carton de Wiart Cath–Lib–BWP/POB
3	Georges Theunis (1st time)	60px	16 December 1921	13 May 1925	Catholic	1921	Theunis I Cath–Lib
4	Aloys Van de Vyvere		13 May 1925	17 June 1925	Catholic	1925	V.de Vyvere Cath
5	Prosper Poullet		17 June 1925	20 May 1926	Catholic	–	Poullet Cath–BWP/POB
6	Henri Jaspar		20 May 1926	6 June 1931	Catholic	–	Jaspar I Cath–Lib–BWP/POB
						1929	Jaspar II Cath–Lib
7	Jules Renkin		6 June 1931	22 October 1932	Catholic	–	Renkin Cath–Lib
8	Charles de Broqueville (2nd time)	60px	22 October 1932	20 November 1934	Catholic	1932	de Broqueville II Cath–Lib
[edit] Prime Ministers under King Leopold III (1934–1951, Regency from 1944)
9	Georges Theunis (2nd time)	60px	20 November 1934	25 March 1935	Catholic	–	Theunis II Cath–Lib
10	Paul van Zeeland		25 March 1935	24 November 1937	Catholic	–	Van Zeeland I Cath–Lib–BWP/POB
						1936	Van Zeeland II Cath–Lib–BWP/POB
11	Paul-Emile Janson		24 November 1937	15 May 1938	Liberal	–	Janson Cath–Lib–BWP/POB
12	Paul-Henri Spaak (1st time)		15 May 1938	22 February 1939	BWP-POB	–	Spaak I Cath–Lib–BWP/POB
13	Hubert Pierlot		22 February 1939	12 February 1945	Catholic	–	Pierlot I Cath–Lib
						1939	Pierlot II Cath–Lib
						–	Pierlot III Cath–Lib–BSP/PSB
						–	Pierlot IV Cath–Lib–BSP/PSB
						–	Pierlot V Cath–Lib–BSP/PSB–KPB/PCB
						–	Pierlot VI Cath–Lib–BSP/PSB
[edit] Prime Ministers under Prince Charles, Count of Flanders (Regent for Leopold III 1944–1950)
14	Achille Van Acker (1st time)		12 February 1945	13 March 1946	BSP-PSB	–	Van Acker I BSP/PSB–Cath–Lib–KPB/PCB
						–	Van Acker II BSP/PSB–UDB–Lib–KPB/PCB
15	Paul-Henri Spaak (2nd time)		13 March 1946	31 March 1946	BSP-PSB	1946	Spaak II BSP/PSB–PSC/CVP
16	Achille Van Acker (2nd time)		31 March 1946	3 August 1946	BSP-PSB	–	Van Acker III BSP/PSB–Lib–KPB/PCB
17	Camille Huysmans		3 August 1946	20 March 1947	BSP-PSB	–	Huysmans BSP/PSB–Lib–KPB/PCB
18	Paul-Henri Spaak (3rd time)		20 March 1947	11 August 1949	BSP-PSB	–	Spaak III BSP/PSB–PSC/CVP
						–	Spaak IV BSP/PSB–PSC/CVP
19	Gaston Eyskens (1st time)		11 August 1949	8 June 1950	PSC-CVP	1949	G.Eyskens I PSC/CVP–Lib
20	Jean Duvieusart		8 June 1950	16 August 1950	PSC-CVP	1950	Duvieusart PSC/CVP
[edit] Prime Ministers under King Baudouin (Regent for Leopold III 1950–1951; King 1951–1993)
21	Joseph Pholien		16 August 1950	15 January 1952	PSC-CVP	–	Pholien PSC/CVP
22	Jean Van Houtte		15 January 1952	23 April 1954	PSC-CVP	–	Van Houtte PSC/CVP
23	Achille Van Acker (3rd time)		23 April 1954	26 June 1958	BSP-PSB	1954	Van Acker IV BSP/PSB–Lib
24	Gaston Eyskens (2nd time)		26 June 1958	25 April 1961	PSC-CVP	1958	G.Eyskens II PSC/CVP
						–	G.Eyskens III PSC/CVP–Lib
						–	G.Eyskens IV PSC/CVP–Lib
25	Théo Lefèvre		25 April 1961	28 July 1965	PSC-CVP	1961	Lefèvre I PSC/CVP–BSP/PSB
26	Pierre Harmel		28 July 1965	19 March 1966	PSC-CVP	1965	Harmel I PSC/CVP–BSP/PSB
27	Paul Vanden Boeynants (1st time)		19 March 1966	17 July 1968	PSC-CVP	–	Vd. Boeynants I PSC/CVP–PVV/PLP
28	Gaston Eyskens (3rd time)		17 July 1968	26 January 1973	CVP	1968	G.Eyskens V CVP/PSC–BSP/PSB
						1971	G.Eyskens VI CVP/PSC–BSP/PSB
29	Edmond Leburton		26 January 1973	25 April 1974	BSP-PSB	–	Leburton I BSP/PSB–CVP/PSC–PVV/PLP
						–	Leburton II BSP/PSB–CVP/PSC–PVV/PLP
30	Leo Tindemans		25 April 1974	20 October 1978	CVP	1974	Tindemans I CVP/PSC–PVV/PLP
						1977	Tindemans II CVP/PSC–BSP/PSB–VU/FDF
31	Paul Vanden Boeynants (2nd time)		20 October 1978	3 April 1979	PSC	–	Vd. Boeynants II CVP/PSC–BSP/PSB–VU/FDF
32	Wilfried Martens (1st time)		3 April 1979	31 March 1981	CVP	1978	Martens I CVP/PSC–SP/PS–FDF
						–	Martens II CVP/PSC–SP/PS
						–	Martens III CVP/PSC–SP/PS–PVV/PRL
						–	Martens IV CVP/PSC–SP/PS
33	Mark Eyskens		31 March 1981	17 December 1981	CVP	–	M.Eyskens CVP/PSC–SP/PS
34	Wilfried Martens (2nd time)		17 December 1981	7 March 1992	CVP	1981	Martens V CVP/PSC–PVV/PRL
						1985	Martens VI CVP/PSC–PVV/PRL
						–	Martens VII CVP/PSC–PVV/PRL
						1987	Martens VIII CVP/PSC–SP/PS–VU
						1991	Martens IX CVP/PSC–SP/PS
35	Jean-Luc Dehaene		7 March 1992	12 July 1999	CVP	–	Dehaene I CVP/PSC–SP/PS
						1995	Dehaene II CVP/PSC–SP/PS
[edit] Prime Ministers under King Albert II (1993–present)
36	Guy Verhofstadt		12 July 1999	20 March 2008	VLD	1999	Verhofstadt I VLD/PRL–SP/PS–Agalev/Ecolo
						2003	Verhofstadt II VLD/MR–SP/PS
						(2007)	Verhofstadt III VLD/MR–CD&V/CDH–PS
37	Yves Leterme (1st time)	60px	20 March 2008	30 December 2008	CD&V	2007	Leterme I CD&V/CDH–VLD/MR–PS
38	Herman Van Rompuy		30 December 2008	25 November 2009	CD&V	–	Van Rompuy CD&V/CDH–VLD/MR–PS
39	Yves Leterme (2nd time)	60px	25 November 2009	6 December 2011	CD&V	–	Leterme II CD&V/CDH–VLD/MR–PS
40	Elio Di Rupo		6 December 2011	Incumbent	PS	2010	Di Rupo PS/SP.A–CD&V/CDH–VLD/MR

Timeline since 1918[link]

<timeline> ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:12 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:50 right:130 left:20 AlignBars = late

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1918 till:01/06/2012 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:1918

Colors =

 id:liberal   value:rgb(0,0,1)   legend: Liberal  
 id:socialist value:rgb(1,0,0)  legend: Socialist
 id:catholic  value:rgb(1,0.6,0)   legend: Christian_Democrat 

Legend = columns:4 left:150 top:24 columnwidth:100

TextData =

 pos:(20,27) textcolor:black fontsize:M
 text:"Political parties:"

BarData =

 barset:PM

PlotData=

 width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
 barset:PM

from: 21/11/1918 till: 20/11/1920 color:catholic text:"Delacroix I-II" fontsize:10
from: 20/11/1920 till: 16/12/1921 color:catholic text:"Carton de Wiart" fontsize:10
from: 16/12/1921 till: 17/06/1925 color:catholic text:"Theunis" fontsize:10
from: 13/05/1925 till: 17/06/1925 color:catholic text:"Van de Vyvere" fontsize:10
from: 17/06/1925 till: 20/05/1926 color:catholic text:"Poullet" fontsize:10
from: 20/05/1926 till: 06/06/1931 color:catholic text:"Jaspar I-II" fontsize:10
from: 06/06/1931 till: 22/10/1932 color:catholic text:"Renkin" fontsize:10
from: 22/10/1932 till: 20/11/1934 color:catholic text:"de Broqueville" fontsize:10
from: 20/11/1934 till: 25/03/1935 color:catholic text:"Theunis II" fontsize:10
from: 25/03/1935 till: 24/11/1937 color:catholic text:"Van Zeeland I-II" fontsize:10
from: 24/11/1937 till: 15/05/1938 color:liberal text:"Janson" fontsize:10
from: 15/05/1938 till: 22/02/1939 color:socialist text:"Spaak I" fontsize:10
from: 22/02/1939 till: 12/02/1945 color:catholic text:"Pierlot I-VI" fontsize:10
from: 12/02/1945 till: 13/03/1946 color:socialist text:"Van Acker I-II" fontsize:10
from: 13/03/1946 till: 31/03/1946 color:socialist text:"Spaak II" fontsize:10
from: 31/03/1946 till: 03/08/1946 color:socialist text:"Van Acker III" fontsize:10
from: 03/08/1946 till: 20/03/1947 color:socialist text:"Huysmans I" fontsize:10
from: 20/03/1947 till: 11/08/1949 color:socialist text:"Spaak III-IV" fontsize:10
from: 11/08/1949 till: 08/07/1950 color:catholic text:"G. Eyskens I" fontsize:10
from: 08/07/1950 till: 16/08/1950 color:catholic text:"Duvieusart" fontsize:10
from: 16/08/1950 till: 15/01/1952 color:catholic text:"Pholien I" fontsize:10
from: 15/01/1952 till: 23/04/1954 color:catholic text:"Van Houtte" fontsize:10
from: 23/04/1954 till: 26/07/1958 color:socialist text:"Van Acker IV" fontsize:10
from: 26/07/1958 till: 25/04/1961 color:catholic text:"G. Eyskens II-IV" fontsize:10
from: 25/04/1961 till: 28/07/1965 color:catholic text:"Lefèvre" fontsize:10
from: 28/07/1965 till: 19/03/1966 color:catholic text:"Harmel" fontsize:10
from: 19/03/1966 till: 17/06/1968 color:catholic text:"Vanden Boeynants I" fontsize:10
from: 17/06/1968 till: 26/01/1973 color:catholic text:"G. Eyskens V-VI" fontsize:10
from: 26/01/1973 till: 25/04/1974 color:socialist text:"Leburton I-II" fontsize:10
from: 25/04/1974 till: 20/10/1978 color:catholic text:"Tindemans I-II" fontsize:10
from: 20/10/1978 till: 03/04/1979 color:catholic text:"Vanden Boeynants II" fontsize:10
from: 03/04/1979 till: 06/04/1981 color:catholic text:"Martens I-IV" fontsize:10
from: 06/04/1981 till: 17/12/1981 color:catholic text:"M. Eyskens" fontsize:10
from: 17/12/1981 till: 07/03/1992 color:catholic text:"Martens V-IX" fontsize:10
from: 07/03/1992 till: 12/07/1999 color:catholic text:"Dehaene I-II" fontsize:10
from: 12/07/1999 till: 20/03/2008 color:liberal text:"Verhofstadt I-III" fontsize:10
from: 20/03/2008 till: 30/12/2008 color:catholic text:"Leterme I" fontsize:10
from: 30/12/2008 till: 25/11/2009 color:catholic text:"Van Rompuy" fontsize:10
from: 25/11/2009 till: 06/12/2011 color:catholic text:"Leterme II" fontsize:10
from: 06/12/2011 till: end color:socialist text:"Di Rupo" fontsize:10

</timeline>

See also[link]

• List of Belgian monarchs
• Minister-President of the Brussels Capital-Region
• Minister-President of Flanders
• Minister-President of the French Community
• Minister-President of the German-speaking Community
• Minister-President of the Walloon Region
• History of Belgium
• Lists of incumbents
• Politics of Belgium

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Joseph Kabila
President of the Congo-Kinshasa
Incumbent
Assumed office 17 January 2001 Acting: 17 January 2001 – 26 January 2001
Prime Minister	Antoine Gizenga Adolphe Muzito Louis Alphonse Koyagialo (Acting) Augustin Matata Ponyo
Preceded by	Laurent-Désiré Kabila
Personal details
Born	(1971-06-04) 4 June 1971 (age 41) Fizi, Congo-Léopoldville (now Congo-Kinshasa)
Political party	People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy
Spouse(s)	Olive Lembe di Sita
Alma mater	Makerere University People's Liberation Army National Defense University

Joseph Kabila Kabange (known commonly as Joseph Kabila, born June 4, 1971) is a Congolese politician who has been President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo since January 2001. He took office ten days after the assassination of his father, President Laurent-Désiré Kabila. He was elected as President in 2006. In 2011, he was re-elected for a second term.

Biography[link]

Early life and education[link]

Joseph Kabila Kabange was born on June 4, 1971 at Hewabora, a small village in the Fizi territory of the South Kivu province, in Eastern Congo. He is the son of long time rebel, former AFDL leader and president of the Congo Laurent-Désiré Kabila and Sifa Mahanya.

Guerrilla and army years[link]

Following high school, Joseph Kabila followed a military curriculum in Tanzania, then at Makerere University in Uganda. In October 1996, Laurent-Désiré Kabila launched the campaign in Zaire to oust the Mobutu regime. Joseph became the commander of the infamous army of "kadogos" (child soldiers) and played a key role in major battles on the road to Kinshasa. The liberation army received logistical and military support from regional armies from Rwanda, Uganda, Angola and Zimbabwe. Following the AFDL's victory, and Laurent-Désiré Kabila's rise to the presidency, Joseph Kabila went on to get further training at the PLA National Defense University, in Beijing, China.

When he returned from China, Kabila was awarded the rank of Major-General, and appointed Deputy Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in 1998. He was later, in 2000, appointed Chief of Staff of the Land Forces, a position he held until the elder President Kabila's assassination in January 2001.^[1] As chief of staff, he was one of the main military leaders in charge of Government troops during the time of the Second Congo War (1998–2003).

Presidency[link]

Joseph Kabila rose to the Presidency on 26 January 2001 after the assassination of Laurent-Désiré Kabila, becoming the world's first head of government born in the 1970s. He remained the world's youngest head of government until Roosevelt Skerrit became Prime Minister of Dominica in January 2004.^[2]

At age 30, he was considered young and inexperienced. He subsequently attempted to end the ongoing civil war by negotiating peace agreements with rebel groups who were backed by Rwanda and Uganda, the same regional armies who brought Laurent-Désiré Kabila's rebel group to power 3 years before. The 2002 peace agreement signed at the Inter-Congolese Dialogue in Sun City, South Africa, which nominally ended the Second Congo War, maintained Joseph Kabila as President and head of state of the Congo. An interim administration was set up under him, including the leaders of the country's two main rebel groups as vice-presidents (two other vice-presidents were representatives of the civilian opposition and government supporters respectively).

Kabila in 2002, with Thabo Mbeki, George W. Bush, and Paul Kagame

On March 28, 2003, an apparent coup attempt or mutiny around the capital Kinshasa, allegedly on the part of members of the former guard of former president Mobutu Sese Seko (who had been ousted by Kabila's father in 1997 and died in the same year), failed.^[3] On June 11, 2004, coup plotters led by Major Eric Lenge allegedly attempted to take power and announced on state radio that the transitional government was suspended, but were defeated by loyalist troops.^[4][5]

In December 2005, a partial referendum approved a new constitution, and a presidential election was held on July 30, 2006 (having been delayed from an earlier date in June).^[6] The new constitution lowered the minimum age of presidential candidates from 35 to 30; Kabila turned 35 shortly before the election. In March 2006, he registered as a candidate.^[7] Although Kabila registered as an independent, he is the "initiator" of the People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy (PPRD), which chose him as their candidate to the election. Although the new constitution stipulates that a debate be held between the two remaining candidates for the presidency, no debates took place and this was declared by many as unconstitutional.

According to widely disputed provisional results announced on August 20, Kabila won 45% of the vote; his main opponent, vice-president and former rebel leader Jean-Pierre Bemba, won 20%. The irregularities surrounding the elections results prompted ^[8] a run-off vote between Kabila and Bemba which was held on October 29. On November 15, the electoral commission announced the official results and Kabila was declared the winner, with 58.05% of the vote.^[9] These results were confirmed by the Supreme Court on November 27, 2006, and Kabila was inaugurated on December 6, 2006 as the country's newly elected President.^[10] He named Antoine Gizenga, who placed third in the first round of the presidential election (and then backed Kabila in the second round) as prime minister on December 30.^[11]

In December 2011, Kabila was re-elected for a second term as president. After the results were announced on 9 December, there was violent unrest in Kinshasa and Mbuji-Mayi, where official tallies showed that a strong majority had voted for the opposition candidate Etienne Tshisekedi.^[12] Official observers from the Carter Center reported that returns from almost 2,000 polling stations in areas where support for Tshisekedi was strong had been lost and not included in the official results. They described the election as lacking credibility.^[13] On 20 December, Kabila was sworn in for a second term, promising to invest in infrastructure and public services. However, Tshisekedi maintained that the result of the election was illegitimate and said that he intended also to "swear himself in" as president.^[14]

In January 2012, Catholic Bishops in DR Congo also condemned the elections, complaining of "treachery, lies and terror", and calling on the election commission to correct "serious errors".^[15]

Views[link]

In 2006, Kabila responded to evidence of widespread sex crimes committed by the Congolese military by describing the acts as "simply unforgivable". He pointed out that 300 soldiers had been convicted of sex crimes, although he added that this was not enough.^[16]

Wedding[link]

On June 1, 2006, after many wedding rumors were fueled by many in top positions in the country, the head of the Presidential Household, Ambassador Theodore Mugalu officially announced the wedding of the President to Olive Lembe di Sita. The wedding ceremonies took place on June 17, 2006.^[17] Kabila and his spouse have a daughter, born in 2001, named Sifa after Kabila's mother.

As President Kabila is Anglican, and Ms Lembe di Sita is Catholic, the wedding ceremonies were ecumenical, and were therefore officiated by both the Catholic Archbishop of Kinshasa, Cardinal Frederic Etsou Bamungwabi, and Pierre Marini Bodho – Presiding Bishop of the Church of Christ in Congo, the umbrella church for most denominations in the Congo, known within the country simply as "The Protestant Church".

References[link]

External links[link]

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• Joseph Kabila, The Untold Story
• Rape in the DRC
• BBC Country Profile
• Official website of the President of the DRC
• Joseph Kabila 2011 campaign site
• Democratic Republic of the Congo - Permanent Mission to the United Nations
• DR Congo presidential candidates face off in second round Jane's Intelligence Watch Report, 22 August 2006
• For Congo’s Leader, Middling Reviews by Jeffrey Gettleman, The New York Times, April 4, 2009

v t e Candidates in the 2011 Democratic Republic of the Congo presidential election Jean Andeka Adam Bombolé Joseph Kabila François Nicéphore Kakese Vital Kamerhe Oscar Kashala Léon Kengo Antipas Mbusa Nzanga Mobutu Josué Alex Mukendi Étienne Tshisekedi

v t e Candidates in the 2006 Democratic Republic of the Congo presidential election Jean-Pierre Bemba Antoine Gizenga Joseph Kabila Nzanga Mobutu Oscar Kashala Azarias Ruberwa Pierre Pay-Pay wa Syakasighe Vincent de Paul Lunda-Bululu Joseph Olenghankoy Mukundji Pierre Anatole Matusila Malungenine Kongo Antipas Mbusa Bernard Emmanuel Kabatu Suila Eugène Diomi Ndongala Banyingela Kasonga Jean Marinaque Alou Bonioma Kalokola Gérard Kamanda wa Kamanda Norbert Likulia Bolongo Roger Lumbala Guy-Patrice Lumumba Christophe Mboso N'Kodia Pwanga Alafuele Mbuyi Kalala Hassan Thassinda Uba Thassinda Florentin Mokonda Bonza Timothée Moleka Nzulama Justine Mpoyo Kasa-Vubu Jonas Mukamba Kadiata Nzemba Paul Joseph Mukungubila Mutombo Osée Muyima Ndjoko Arthur Z'ahidi Ngoma Jacob Niemba Souga Marie-Thérèse Nlandu Mpolo Nene Wivine N'Landu Kavidi Cathérine Marthe Nzuzi wa Mbombo

v t e President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (list) Republic of the Congo (1960–1971) Joseph Kasa-Vubu • Antoine Gizenga (rebel) Republic of Zaire (1971–1997) Joseph Mobutu/Mobutu Sese Seko Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997–present) Laurent-Désiré Kabila • Joseph Kabila