Look up function in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Function may refer to:

• Diatonic function, a term in music theory
• Function (E-40 song), a 2012 song by American rapper E-40 featuring YG, iAmSu & Problem
• Function (biology), explaining why a feature survived selection
• Function (computer science), or subroutine, a portion of code within a larger program, performs a specific task
• Function (engineering), related to the selected property of a system
• Function (language), in linguistics, a way of achieving an aim using language
• Function (mathematics), an abstract entity that associates an input to a corresponding output according to some rule
• Function model, a structured representation of the functions, activities or processes
• Function object, or functor or functionoid, a concept of object-oriented programming
• Function Drinks, a beverage company based in Redondo Beach, California.
• An organised event such as a party or meeting

See also[link]

• Functionalism (disambiguation)
• Function hall
• Functional (disambiguation)
• Functionality in polymer chemistry - see Structural unit
• Functor

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

French Montana (born November 9, 1984) is an American rapper and singer of Moroccan^[2][3] and Somali^[2][4] descent. He is the founder and CEO of Cocaine City Records, and in 2012, signed a joint venture recording deal with Maybach Music Group and Bad Boy Records. He is known for his frequent collaborations with Max B, and more recently with Rick Ross and with his group Coke Boys.

Early life[link]

French Montana was born Karim Kharbouch in 1984 in Rabat, Morocco,^[1][4] where he lived for the first 13 years of his life. Growing up in Rabat, he was consumed by playing soccer and rapping, describing them as his two favorite childhood hobbies.^[5] In 1996, French emigrated with his parents and two younger brothers to the Bronx in New York City.^[6] His father left the family when French was 17, and so he began to provide for his mother and younger brothers.

Music career[link]

Cocaine City[link]

In 2002, along with his friend Camz he created a series of street-flavoured DVD documentaries called 'Cocaine City' after drawing inspiration from the 'Smack' DVD series. Under the name Young French he used the DVDs as a means of showcasing his talent as an underground artist. To gain a broader fan base, French incorporated interviews with major artists, as well as some up and comers. The first edition in the series included Pee Wee Kirkland and Remy Ma alongside French himself among others. What started out as simply a medium for developing an audience quickly grew into one of the top-selling "street DVDs".^[3][6][7] The series ran for 8 years between 2002 and 2010, with a total of 14 editions being released.^[8]

2009-2010[link]

In 2009, French signed a deal with Akon's Konvict Muzik record label, but later left the label in 2011 due to album delays.^[9] Montana was subsequently reportedly close to signing a deal with Rick Ross's Maybach Music Group (MMG).^[10] There were also reports that he would join Kanye West's GOOD Music label.^[11]

Bad Boy Records/ Maybach Music Group[link]

In December 2011, Montana signed a record deal with P. Diddy's Bad Boy Records^[12] and Interscope Records.^[13] According to French, of the many major labels that were courting him, Maybach Music Group would have been his second choice had he not signed with Bad Boy.^[14] However on January 2, 2012 while in the studio with Rick Ross Montana announced that he had signed a joint venture deal with Bad Boy Records and Maybach Music Group with Rick Ross and Diddy set to executive produce his debut album.^[15] It was announced that his debut album Excuse My French would be released July 17, 2012. French was featured on XXL's Freshman Class of 2012 alongside Future, Kid Ink, Danny Brown, Macklemore, Don Trip, Hopsin, Iggy Azalea, Roscoe Dash and labelmate Machine Gun Kelly (rapper).^[16][17] However, he later revealed to Sway Calloway on RapFix Live that he almost turned down the cover opportunity, feeling he "deserved it two years ago" and that he had surpassed the current crop of rap rookies.^[18][7]

Influences[link]

According to French, the rappers Tupac Shakur, Snoop Dogg, The Notorious B.I.G. and Wu-Tang Clan were among the hip hop artists that he listened to while growing up. He also considers himself a general music lover.^[19]

Personal life[link]

Between 2003 and 2004, French was shot in the head as he was exiting a recording studio in New York. He was rushed to the hospital after the incident and survived. Describing the shooting as a possible assassination attempt, the artist was subsequently involved in a murder trial in which he was eventually found not guilty. Rumors began to swirl that he had received settlement money from the case, which he then used to start his rap career. However, French later dismissed these claims as false in an interview.^[20]

Religion[link]

French Montana is Sunni Muslim, having been raised in Morocco under the Maliki madhab, or school of thought. In an interview for Vlad TV which took place on the first day of the Islamic holy month Ramadan, French revealed that he participates in fasting during the month.^[21]

Discography[link]

Studio albums[link]

• Excuse My French (July 17, 2012)

Mixtapes[link]

• French Revolution Vol. 1 (Hosted by Cutmaster C) (2007)^[22]
• Live From Africa (Hosted by Cocaine City) (2008)^[23]
• Coke Wave (with Max B; Hosted by DJ Whoo Kid) (2008)^[24]
• Coke Wave 2 (with Max B; Hosted by Evil Empire) (2009)^[25]
• The Laundry Man (Hosted by Evil Empire & Big Mike) (2009)^[26]
• Mac Wit Da Cheese (Hosted by Big Mike) (2009)^[27]
• The Laundry Man 2 (Hosted by Evil Empire) (2009)^[28]
• Cocaine Konvicts: Gangsta Grillz (Hosted by DJ Drama) (2009)^[29]
• Mac & Cheese 2 (Hosted by Evil Empire, Self & Big Mike) (2010)^[30]
• Coke Boys (with Coke Boys; Hosted by DJ Lust, DJ Drama & DJ Diggz) (2010)^[31]
• Mister 16 (Casino Life) (Hosted by DJ Holiday) (2011)^[32]
• Coke Boys 2 (with Coke Boys) (Hosted by Evil Empire) (2011)^[33]
• Coke Boys Run NY (with Chinx Drugz; Hosted by ItsBizkit, Trapemasters Inc & Evil Empire) (2011)^[34]
• Lock Out (with Waka Flocka Flame; Presented by DJ Drama & DJ Green Lantern) (2011)^[35]
• Cocaine Mafia (with Juicy J and Project Pat; Hosted by Evil Empire) (2011)^[36]
• Coke Boys 3 (2012)^[37]
• Mac & Cheese 3 (Hosted by Evil Empire, Self & Big Mike) (TBA)

Other mixtapes

• Cocaine & Caviar (2010)
• Cocaine & Caviar 2 (2011)

Album appearances[link]

Singles[link]

As featured performer

Videography[link]

2008

• "Why So Serious"
• "Do It Right"
• "Smoking"
• "We Run New York"
• "Why So Serious"

2009

• "Im So Special"
• "New York Minute"
• "Playing In The Wind"
• "Henny & My 44"
• "Lay Down"
• "Stick up Boys"

2010

• "Them Girls"
• "Go Hard"
• "Whatcha Know About It"
• "Im On It"
• "Heartache & Pain"

2011

• "Tryna Breathe"
• "Choppa Choppa Down"
• "Choppa Choppa Down (Remix)"
• "Shot Caller"
• "We Mobb"
• "Stay Schemin'"

2012

• "Weed & Drinks"
• "Everything's a Go"

References[link]

External links[link]

• French Montana - Breakthrough Artist 2009/2010
• French Montana - Last.fm
• XXL magazine - French Montana
• CHAMP Magazine
• [3]
• [4]
• [5]
• [6]

Too $hort
Too $hort at Martin Luther's Rebel Soul Fest at DNA Lounge in San Francisco, July 2008
Background information
Birth name	Todd Anthony Shaw
Born	(1966-04-28) April 28, 1966 (age 46) Los Angeles, California, U.S.}[1][2]
Origin	East Oakland, Oakland, California, U.S.[1][2]
Genres	Hip hop
Occupations	Rapper, songwriter, actor, producer
Years active	1980-present
Labels	Jive, Up All Nite
Associated acts	Biz Markie,Slick Rick,Kool Moe Dee,De La Soul,Snoop Dogg,Busta Rhymes,Bushwick Bill,Geto Boys,Ant Banks, MC Breed, Rappin' 4-Tay, Lil' Jon, E-40, Travis Porter, Git Fresh, Snow, George Clinton, Wiz Khalifa, Jay-Z, Cee Lo Green, 2Pac, The Notorious B.I.G., 50 Cent, Layzie Bone,Scarface (rapper),Wu-Tang Clan

Todd Anthony Shaw (born April 28, 1966),^[1][2] better known by the stage name Too Short (stylized as Too $hort), is an American rapper, producer, and actor who started his career at the age of fourteen in Oakland, California.^[1][2]

Career[link]

In the early 1980s, Shaw produced custom songs (called "special requests") for people with his high school friend, Freddy B. In 1985, Too Short had his first release, Don't Stop Rappin' which, along with the following three releases, featured raw, simple drum beats from a LinnDrum drum machine. In the early 1990s his beats came from mostly a TR-808 and from mid-to-late 2000s, a TR-909 was used. In 2005, Too Short and Freddie B. formed the label Dangerous Music to regionally distribute his music.^[3] Dangerous Music became Short Records, and then Up All Nite Records. With his 1989 release, Life Is...Too Short, he began used replayed established funk riffs (rather than samples) with his beats.

Subsequent work was primarily collaborative, including work with Tupac Shakur, The Notorious B.I.G., and Scarface. One of his noticeable collaborations during this period was on the track "The World Is Filled..." on the classic Notorious B.I.G. album Life After Death; he comes in on the third verse after Diddy and Biggie. Being featured on the album introduced him to a wider audience as well, due to his typical style contrasting greatly with the Mafioso theme of the album. He also appeared on TWDY's hit single "Player's Holiday" from their 1999 debut album Derty Werk^[4] as well as the Priority Records compilation Nuthin but a Gangsta Party.^[5] After these appearances, he began working on his eleventh album, Can't Stay Away. The album included guest appearances by 8Ball & MJG, Jay-Z, Jermaine Dupri, Sean Combs, E-40, Daz Dillinger, Lil' Jon, Soopafly, Scarface and B-Legit.^[6] Too Short relocated to Atlanta in 1994, but he did not begin working with a more diverse variety of Southern artists until 2000, when he collaborated with Lil Jon. With the 1999 release of Can't Stay Away, Too Short fully came out of retirement and released a number of new albums within the next few years, most of them taking on a crunk or Dirty South type sound, as he had become involved in the Southern rap scene. However, he didn't totally give up on his trademark funk grooves or sexually explicit style. New albums released 2000-2003 were You Nasty (2000), Chase the Cat (2001), What's My Favorite Word? (2002), and Married to the Game (2003). These albums all charted fairly well, as they all were in the top 71 of the Billboard 200, but they didn't do quite as well as Too Short's earlier 1990s releases as none of them reached the top 10.^[7]

In 2004, his earlier 1990 single "The Ghetto" appeared on popular video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, playing on West Coast hip hop radio station Radio Los Santos. Given that this was an incredibly popular game at the time, the featuring was acclaimed as a success for Too $hort, both in publicity and in the fame generated by the song.

For his next album, 2006's Blow the Whistle, Too Short now took advantage of the new hyphy rap music that was emerging out of his original home base in Oakland. This saw somewhat of a resurgence for Too Short as it peaked at #14 on the Billboard 200, much better than each of his previous three releases.^[7] However, his subsequent releases, such as 2007's Get Off the Stage, have not been as successful. On October 7, 2008 Too Short was honored by VH1 at the fifth annual "Hip-Hop Honors" along with Cypress Hill, De La Soul, Slick Rick and Naughty By Nature.^[7][7]

In 2009, Too Short recorded for Daz Dillinger, Lil' Jon, Soopafly, Scarface and B-Legit.^[6] In 2011, the rapper was featured on Wiz Khalifa's song "On My Level". He also collaborated in Snoop Dogg's 2011 album, Doggumentary in the song "Take U Home".

Up All Nite Records[link]

Too Short runs his own record label—Up All Nite Records. Artists on the label include The Pack,^[8] Dolla Will, Boo Ski, Eyob Fantay and Li'l J & Boi Payton, FX. In addition to creating Up All Nite Records, Too Short has been a mentor at Youth UpRising, a group serving at-risk youths for several years.

Too Short in film[link]

Too Short played the role of Lew-Loc in the film Menace II Society.

Too Short has also worked in the adult film industry, with the 2003 film Get In Where You Fit In.^[9]

Too Short was an interviewee in American Pimp.

Too Short starred in and performed the music for America's Sexiest Girls 2003.

Too Short has also appeared in an episode of The Game.^[10]

Too Short made a cameo appearance in Jay-z's video for the hit single Big Pimpin'.

Too Short was in VH1's Rock Doc, "Planet Rock"

2012 Controversy[link]

On February 10, 2012, a video by Too Short was posted on XXLMag.com, a hip-hop website published by Dennis Page. In the video, Too Short gives "Fatherly Advice" to late middle-school and high-school boys. Specifically, he offers "a couple of tricks" for "when you start feeling a certain way about the girls." The video caused immediate outcry ^[11] and was soon taken down by XXL, which issued an apology^[12]. Too Short also Tweeted statements in response to the criticism.

Discography[link]

Studio albums

• 1983: Don't Stop Rappin'
• 1985: Players
• 1986: Raw, Uncut, and X-Rated
• 1987: Born to Mack
• 1989: Life Is... Too Short
• 1990: Short Dog's in the House
• 1992: Shorty The Pimp
• 1993: Get in Where You Fit In
• 1995: Cocktails
• 1996: Gettin' It
• 1999: Can't Stay Away
• 2000: You Nasty
• 2001: Chase the Cat
• 2002: What's My Favorite Word?
• 2003: Married to the Game
• 2006: Blow the Whistle
• 2007: Get off the Stage
• 2010: Still Blowin'
• 2012: No Trespassing

EPs

• 2010: Respect the Pimpin'

Collaboration albums

• 2012: The History Channel (with E-40)^[13]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Too Short on Myspace
• Too Short interview
• Too Short interview with GSlaps.com
• Two XXL Staffers Suspended Over Explicit Too $hort Video

Travis Porter is an American hip hop act from Decatur, Georgia. Ali and Quez are step brothers; the two met Strap while attending the same middle school. The three grew up together and in 2006 began exploring music.^[1] The group’s biggest hits are "Go Shorty Go","Bananas", "Ayy Ladies", "Bring It Back" and "Make It Rain" produced by F-K-I. Travis Porter released a biographical film titled Proud to be a Problem on May 18, 2010.^[2] Travis Porter has a YouTube channel with over 100 million views and a Twitter page.^[3] In November 2010 the trio signed with Jive Records.^[4]

Appearances[link]

Besides performing throughout the USA, Travis Porter has performed internationally. In 2008 the trio took a tour through , Kaiserslautern, Germany and Bamberg, Germany.^[5][6] They appeared in one of Atlanta’s biggest concerts, Birthday Bash, during the summer of 2010^[7] and on the The Mo'Nique Show.^[8] They performed with Canada’s own Drake at BMI’s Unsigned Artist showcase in Atlanta.^[9]

Label and recognition[link]

Travis Porter now belongs to Jive Music and Porter House music. They also recently joined the BMI family. The trio was honored in the Underground Music Awards 2010 in New York City with other well-known underground artist like J. Cole with the “Most Dynamic Rap Group Duo” award.^[10] Though when they were unsigned they still worked with notable signed artist such as Roscoe Dash, Fast Life Yungstaz and Waka Flocka Flame.^[11] Travis Porter was also featured on MTV Jams Feb 5.^[12] The group also received Myspace’s #1 unsigned group title.^[13] Their single “Go Shorty Go” made it on the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Chart and in fall 2010, their track “Make it Rain” hit number 50 on the urban radio charts and debuted on the charts at number 97 then climbed to number 46.^[14] Gucci Mane reportedly announced interest in signing Travis Porter to 1017 Brick Squad Records, saying "Just give me 12-15 songs. I don't know about that other stuff. Handle your business".^[15] The group ended up signing a record deal with Jive Records. On October 7, RCA Music Group announced it was disbanding Jive Records along with Arista Records and J Records. With the shutdown, the group (and all other artists previously signed to these three labels) will release their future material on the RCA Records brand. ^[16][17] In 2012, their single "Ayy Ladies" with Young Money rapper Tyga peaked at #56 on the Hot 100 and topped the Heatseekers Songs chart, becoming Porter's most successful song to date.^[18] Their debut studio album, From Day 1, was released on May 29, 2012 on RCA Records and Porter House Music.^[19]

Musical career[link]

The group started out as the “Hard Hitters”, but changed their name to Travis Porter in late 2008 to be more marketable.^[20] Four of their biggest hits “Black Boy White Boy” "Uh Huh (Produced by 706HITZ)" "Go Shorty Go (Produced by Spinz n Fresh) "All the Way Turnt Up" also turned out to be huge controversy in their career. “All the Way Turnt Up” caused controversy with Roscoe Dash. After Roscoe Dash came up with the song and asked Travis Porter to be featured on it Travis Porter added the song to their mixtape causing fans to believe it was not Roscoe Dash’s song, but Travis Porters’. Soon Roscoe Dash released another version of the song through his label Interscope Records featuring Soulja Boy.^[21] The song “Black Boy White Boy” caused a bit of controversy with Young Dro because he and label-mate Yung L.A. say that the song title was initially theirs. There has also been rumors that Travis Porter has a feud with fellow Atlanta group Cloud 9 who has the underground hit single "Shawty Shake Yo Ass". Cloud 9 confirmed that this was a rumor in a recent interview and on Twitter.^[22]

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• 2012: From Day 1 (May 29th)^[19]

Mixtapes[link]

• 2009: Who Is Travis Porter?
• 2009: I'm A Differenter (Hosted By DJ Teknikz)
• 2009: I'm A Differenter 2 (Hosted By DJ Teknikz)
• 2009: Streets R Us (With Waka Flocka Flame) (Hosted By DJ Teknikz)
• 2010: Proud 2 Be A Problem (Hosted By DJ Teknikz)
• 2010: I Am Travis Porter (Hosted By DJ Pretty Boy Tank & DJ Spinz)
• 2010: Differenter Gang (With MGK & FKi) (Hosted By DJ Teknikz)
• 2011: Music Money Magnums (Hosted By DJ Teknikz, DJ Scream, & DJ Drama)
• 2011: Differenter 3 (Hosted By DJ Teknikz, DJ Pretty Boy Tank, & DJ Spinz)

Singles[link]

Other charted songs[link]

References[link]

Pawan Kalyan
Born	Konidala Kalyan Babu (1971-09-02) 2 September 1971 (age 40)[1][2] Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh, India [3]
Residence	Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
Other names	Pawan Kalyan, Power Star[4][5]
Occupation	Actor, Director, Screenwriter, Action Choreographer, Choreography, Playback Singer, Producer
Years active	1996 – present
Spouse	Renu Desai (2009 – present)[6]
Children	Akira Nandan Aadhya
Parents	Venkat Rao Konidala Anjana Devi Konidala
Relatives	Chiranjeevi Konidala (brother) Nagendra Babu Konidala (brother) Ram Charan Teja Konidala (nephew) Arjun Allu (2nd nephew) Aravind Allu (brother-in-law) Rama Lingaiah Allu (father-in-law of brother)

Pawan Kalyan (Telugu: పవన్ కళ్యాణ్; born Konidala Kalyan Babu on 2 September 1971)^[2] is an Indian film actor, director, screenwriter and action choreographer in Telugu cinema. He is the brother of Indian actor Chiranjeevi. He made his acting debut in 1996 with Akkada Ammayi Ikkada Abbayi.

In 1998, he was starred in Tholi Prema which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu for that Year. He is known for his works in other blockbusters like Gokulamlo Seetha, Suswagatham, Thammudu, Badri, Kushi, Jalsa and Gabbar Singh ^[7]

Personal life[link]

Born to Konidela Venkata Rao and Anjana Devi,^[8] Pawan Kalyan is the younger brother of Chiranjeevi and Nagendra Babu.^[9] After his divorce from Nandini,^[10] Pawan Kalyan married Renu Desai on 28 January 2009. She co-starred with him in the films Badri and Johnny^[10] and has worked as costume designer for most of his films. The couple have two children, a son named Akira Nandan born in 2004 and a girl named Aadhya born in 2010. Akira was named after Pawan Kalyan's favorite director Akira Kurosawa.

Kalyan is trained in martial arts.^{[11][12][13][14]} He holds a black belt in karate^[15] and has displayed his skills in several of his films. He publicly performed his martial arts skills at several auditoriums.^[16] He was awarded the title "Pawan", symbolizing Hanuman. From then, Kalyan Babu became popular as Pawan Kalyan.^[17][18][19]

His brother-in-law Allu Aravind is an Indian film producer. Ram Charan Teja Konidala and Allu Arjun are other actors from the family. Pawan Kalyan is a vegetarian. He is highly influenced by Che Guevara, Jiddu Krishnamurti and Swami Vivekananda's philosophy.^[20]

Career[link]

Pawan Kalyan entered the Telugu movie industry with Akkada Ammayi Ikkada Abbayi (1996) as Kalyan Babu in which he performed martial arts action sequences. His second movie was Gokulamlo Seetha (1997), which is a remake of the 1996 Tamil film Gokulathil Seethai. He also starred in Suswagatham, which is also a remake of a Tamil film Love Today (1997).

In 1998, Tholi Prema released and received 6 Nandi Awards and National Award for the Best Feature Film (Telugu).^[21] After Tholi Prema, Pawan acted in Thammudu (1999) playing the role of a kickboxer. Pawan In 2000, he featured in Puri Jagannadh's first directorial venture Badri. Pawan acted in Kushi (2001) directed by S. J. Surya.

After the release of Kushi, Pawan Kalyan took a long gap of two years in his film career. He went to Japan for a brief period to learn a martial art called Aikido. He learnt this stunt to use in his first directorial venture Johnny. His next releases were Gudumba Shankar, Balu ABCDEFG, Bangaram and Annavaram

In 2008, Jalsa directed by Trivikram Srinivas released. His subsequent release Puli arrived on 10 September. The audio sales reached a total of 1.6 lakhs of CDs in the first three days, which is an all-time record in Telugu film history.^{[22][relevant? – discuss]}

Pawan Kalyan first release of 2011 was Theenmaar directed by Jayanth C. Paranjee in which he portrayed the two contrasting characters of present and yesteryear generations. Following this, Pawan Kalyan appeared in a Vishnuvardhan's gangster film Panjaa.This film is now set to release in Tamil.^[23] In September 2011, Pawan began shooting for the movie Gabbar Singh. The movie is being directed by Harish Shankar and produced by Bandla Ganesh. The movie is a remake of the Hindi film Dabangg.^[24] In 2012, Pawan is slated to work in Puri Jagannadh's Cameraman Ganga Tho Rambabu. The film is being produced by D. V. V. Danayya and filming is set to begin in May 2012.^{[25] [26]}

A social networking community on his name in the popular social networking website orkut is the second most active community in india. After orkut 'India' community, orkut 'Power Star Pawan Kalyan' community takes second place in Top 10 orkut National communities.^[27][28]

Filmography[link]

Actor[link]

Action Choreographer[link]