Bhartṛihari (Devanagari भर्तृहरि; fl. ca. 5th century CE) is a Sanskrit author who is likely to have written two influential Sanskrit texts:

In the medieval tradition of Indian scholarship, it was assumed that both texts were written by the same person. However, early "orientalist" scholarship was sceptical, owing to an argument that dated the grammar to a date subsequent to the poetry. Recently however, scholars have argued based on additional evidence, that both works may have been contemporary, in which case it is likely that there was only one Bhartrihari who wrote both texts.^{[citation needed]}

Both the grammar and the poetic works had an enormous influence in their respective fields. The grammar in particular, takes a holistic view of language, countering the compositionality position of the Mimamsakas and others.

The poetry constitute short verses, collected into three centuries of about a hundred poems each. Each century deals with a different rasa or aesthetic mood; on the whole his poetic work has been very highly regarded both within the tradition and by modern scholarship.