Saratov

Saturday, 05 January 2013

SarAvia Yak-42D - Landing Rwy 12 at Saratov Tsentralny Airport (RTW), Russia

Open Collage in a new Window

Email the Collage

Loading suggestions ...

Arkadak
Arkadak (Russian: Аркада́к) is a town and the administrative center of Arkadaksky District of Saratov Oblast, Russia, located on the Bolshoy Arkadak River near its confluence with the Khopyor, 248 kilometers (154 mi) west of Saratov. Population: 12,846 (2010 Census preliminary results); 14,438 (2002 Census); 14,244 (1989 Census).
It was founded in 1721 as a village. Urban-type settlement status was granted to it in 1939; town status was granted in 1963.
Ardak museum is a feature of the town.

wn.com/Arkadak
Astrakhan
Astrakhan (Russian: Астрахань, tr. Astrakhanʹ; IPA: [ˈastrəxənʲ]) is a major city in southern European Russia and the administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast. The city lies on the left bank of the Volga River, close to where it discharges into the Caspian Sea at an altitude of 28 meters (92 ft) below sea level. Population: 520,662 (2010 Census preliminary results); 504,501 (2002 Census); 509,210 (1989 Census).
Astrakhan is situated in the Volga Delta, rich in sturgeon and exotic plants. The fertile area formerly contained the capitals of Khazaria and the Golden Horde. Astrakhan' itself was first mentioned by travellers in the early 13th century as Xacitarxan. Tamerlane burnt it to the ground in 1395. From 1459 to 1556, Xacitarxan was the capital of Astrakhan Khanate. The ruins of this medieval settlement were found by archaeologists 12 km upstream from the modern-day city.
In 1556, the khanate was conquered by Ivan the Terrible, who had a new fortress, or kremlin, built on a steep hill overlooking the Volga. In 1569, Astrakhan was besieged by the Cossack Ottoman army, which had to retreat in disarray. A year later, the Sultan renounced his claims to Astrakhan, thus opening the entire Volga River to Russian traffic. In the 17th century, the city was developed as a Russian gate to the Orient. Many merchants from Armenia, Persia, India and Khiva settled in the town, giving it a multinational and variegated character.

wn.com/Astrakhan
Atkarsk
Atkarsk (Russian: Аткарск) is a town in Saratov Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Atkara and Medveditsa Rivers, 92 kilometers (57 mi) northwest of Saratov. Population: 25,620 (2010 Census preliminary results); 27,907 (2002 Census); 28,877 (1989 Census).
It was founded in place of a Tatar settlement at the mouth of the Atkar River. Town status was granted to it in 1781.
Russian pop singer Valeriya was born here in 1968.

wn.com/Atkarsk
Balakovo
Balakovo (Russian: Балако́во; IPA: [bəlɐˈkovə]) is a city in Saratov Oblast, Russia. Population: 199,573 (2010 Census preliminary results); 200,470 (2002 Census); 197,391 (1989 Census).
Founded in 1762, it was granted town status in 1913.
Balakovo is the location of the Saratov Hydroelectric Station on the Volga River and the Balakovo Nuclear Power Plant. It is served by Balakovo Airport which currently does not work.
There is a speedway team called SK Turbina.
The city is located on the left bank of the Volga River, is about in 131 kilometers (81 miles) to north-east from Saratov.
Balakovo has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb) with long cold winters and warm, often hot summers. The warmest month is July with daily mean temperature near +23 °C (73 °F), coldest - February −9 °C (16 °F). Balakovo has distinct cold and warm seasons, like cold winters and warm summers. The temperatures at night are cooler than during daytime.
Winter has prolongued freezing periods, with the coldest month most often being December. August is on average the month with most sunshine. Rainfall and other precipitation has no distinct peak month.

wn.com/Balakovo
Bristol
Bristol ⁱ/ˈbrɪstəl/ is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, with an estimated population of 433,100 for the unitary authority in 2009, and a surrounding Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) with an estimated 1,070,000 residents in 2007. It is England's sixth and the United Kingdom's eighth most populous city, one of the group of English Core Cities and the most populous city in South West England.
Historically within Gloucestershire, the city received a Royal Charter in 1155 and was granted County status in 1373. From the 13th century, for half a millennium, it ranked amongst the top three English cities after London, alongside York and Norwich, on the basis of tax receipts, until the rapid rise of Liverpool, Birmingham and Manchester during the Industrial Revolution in the latter part of the 18th century. It borders the counties of Somerset and Gloucestershire, and is also located near the historic cities of Bath to the south east and Gloucester to the north. The city is built around the River Avon, and it also has a short coastline on the Severn Estuary, which flows into the Bristol Channel.

wn.com/Bristol
Bulgaria
Coordinates: 42°45′N 25°30′E / 42.75°N 25.5°E / 42.75; 25.5
Bulgaria ⁱ/bʌlˈɡɛəriə/ (Bulgarian: България, IPA: [bɤ̞ɫˈɡarijɐ]), is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and the Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south and the Black Sea to the east. With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres (42,855 sq mi), Bulgaria is Europe's 14th-largest country. Its location has made it a historical crossroad for various civilisations and as such it is the home of some of the earliest metalworking, religious and other cultural artifacts in the world.
Prehistoric cultures began developing on Bulgarian lands during the Neolithic period. Its ancient history was marked by the presence of the Thracians, and later by the Greeks and Romans. The emergence of a unified Bulgarian ethnicity and state dates back to the First Bulgarian Empire, which dominated most of the Balkans and functioned as a cultural hub for Slavic peoples during the Middle Ages. With the downfall of the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1396, its territories came under Ottoman rule for nearly five hundred years. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 resulted in the Third Bulgarian State, recognised in 1908. The following years saw several conflicts with its neighbours, which prompted Bulgaria to align with Germany in both World Wars. In 1946 it became a Communist republic with a single-party system until 1989, when the Communist Party allowed multi-party elections. After 1990 Bulgaria transitioned to democracy and a market-based economy.

wn.com/Bulgaria
China
China (ⁱ/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.

wn.com/China
Dallas
Dallas ( /ˈdæləs/) is the third-largest city in the state of Texas and the ninth-largest in the United States. The Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex is the largest metropolitan area in the South and fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Divided between Collin, Dallas, Denton, Kaufman, and Rockwall counties, the city had a population of 1,197,816 in 2010, according to the United States Census Bureau.
The city is the largest economic center of the 12-county Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan area (the DFW MSA) that according to the March 2010 U.S. Census Bureau release, had a population of 6,371,773. The metroplex economy is the sixth largest in the United States, with a 2010 gross metropolitan product of $374 billion.
Dallas was founded in 1841 and was formally incorporated as a city in February 1856. The city's economy is primarily based on banking, commerce, telecommunications, computer technology, energy, healthcare and medical research, transportation and logistics. The city is home to the third largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies in the nation. Located in North Texas and a major city in the American South, Dallas is the main core of the largest inland metropolitan area in the United States that lacks any navigable link to the sea.

wn.com/Dallas
Dobrich
Dobrich (Bulgarian: Добрич) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, the administrative centre of Dobrich Province. With 91,030 inhabitants, as of February 2011, Dobrich is the ninth most populated town in Bulgaria, being the centre of the historical region of Southern Dobruja. It is located 30 km west of the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, not far from resorts such as Albena, Balchik, and Golden Sands.
Dobrich Knoll on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Dobrich. A point of interest is the Dobrich TV Tower.
The first evidence of settlement in what is now Dobrich dates from 4th-3rd centuries BC. Ruins from AD 2nd-4th century and 7th-11th century have also been found, including a Bulgar necropolis featuring pagan graves in the centre of the city.
During the 11th century, Pecheneg invasions devastated the interior of Dobruja, leaving many settlements in the region uninhabited at the time of the Second Bulgarian Empire.
The settlement was founded for a second time in the 16th century by the Turkish merchant Hacıoğlu Pazarcık, whose name it bore until 1882. According to Ottoman data from 1646–1650, there were over 1,000 houses in the city, about 100 shops, three inns, three Turkish baths, twelve mosques and twelve schools.

wn.com/Dobrich
England
England ⁱ/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.

wn.com/England
France
France (English ⁱ/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] ( listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km² (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km² / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.

wn.com/France
Germany
Germany (ⁱ/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ( listen)), is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km² and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since. Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.

wn.com/Germany
Hockey Hall of Fame
The Hockey Hall of Fame is located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dedicated to the history of ice hockey, it is both a museum and a hall of fame. It holds exhibits about players, teams, National Hockey League (NHL) records, memorabilia and NHL trophies, including the Stanley Cup. Originally in Kingston, Ontario, the Hockey Hall of Fame was first established in 1943 under the leadership of James T. Sutherland. The first class of honoured members was inducted in 1945, before the Hall of Fame had a permanent location. It moved to Toronto in 1958 after the NHL withdrew its support for the Kingston location. Its first permanent building opened at Exhibition Place in 1961. In 1993, the Hall was relocated to a former Bank of Montreal building in Downtown Toronto, where it is presently located.
An 18-person committee of players, coaches and others meets annually in June to select new honourees, who are inducted as players, builders or on-ice officials. In 2010, a subcategory was established for female players. The builders' category includes coaches, general managers, commentators, team owners and others who have helped build the game. Honoured members are inducted into the Hall of Fame in an annual ceremony held at the Hall of Fame building in November, which is followed by a special "Hockey Hall of Fame Game" between the Toronto Maple Leafs and a visiting team. As of 2011, 251 players (including two women), 100 builders and 15 on-ice officials have been inducted into the Hall of Fame. The Hall of Fame has been criticized for focusing mainly on players from the National Hockey League and largely ignoring players from other North American and international leagues.

wn.com/Hockey_Hall_of_Fame
Hunan
Coordinates: 27°24′N 111°48′E / 27.4°N 111.8°E / 27.4; 111.8
Hunan (help·info) (Chinese: 湖南; pinyin: Húnán) is a province of South-Central China, located to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting (hence the name Hunan, meaning "south of the lake"). Hunan is sometimes called and officially abbreviated as "湘" (pinyin: Xiāng) for short, after the Xiang River which runs through the province.
Hunan borders Hubei in the north, Jiangxi to the east, Guangdong to the south, Guangxi to the southwest, Guizhou to the west, and Chongqing to the northwest. The capital is Changsha.
Hunan's primeval forests were first occupied by the ancestors of the modern Miao, Tujia, Dong and Yao peoples. It entered the written history of China around 350 BC, when under the kings of the Zhou dynasty, it became part of the State of Chu. At this time, and for hundreds of years thereafter, it was a magnet for migration of Han Chinese from the north, who cleared most of the forests and began farming rice in the valleys and plains. To this day many of the small villages in Hunan are named after the Han families who settled there. Migration from the north was especially prevalent during the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties Periods, when nomadic invaders pushed these peoples south.

wn.com/Hunan
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan (ⁱ/ˌkɑːzəkˈstɑːn/ or /ˌkæzəkˈstæn/) (Kazakh: Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, pronounced [qɑzɑqstɑ́n]; Russian: Казахстан [kəzɐxˈstan]), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Europe. The ninth largest country in the world by land area, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of 2,727,300 square kilometres (1,053,000 sq mi) is larger than Western Europe. It is neighbored clockwise from the north by Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and also borders on a significant part of the Caspian Sea. Although Kazakhstan does not share a border with Mongolia, its most easterly point is only 38 kilometres (24 mi) from Mongolia's western tip. The terrain of Kazakhstan ranges from flatlands, steppes, taigas, rock-canyons, hills, deltas, and snow-capped mountains to deserts. With 16.6 million people (2011 estimate) Kazakhstan has the 62nd largest population in the world, though its population density is less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 per sq. mi.). The capital was moved in 1998 from Almaty, Kazakhstan's largest city, to Astana.

wn.com/Kazakhstan
Kazan
Kazan (Russian: Каза́нь; IPA: [kɐˈzanʲ]; Tatar Cyrillic: Казан, Latin: Qazan) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. With a population of 1,161,308, it is the eighth most populous city in Russia, while the metropolitan area has a population of 1.57 million (2011).^{[citation needed]} Kazan lies at the confluence of the Volga and Kazanka Rivers in European Russia.
The Kazan Kremlin is a World Heritage Site. In 2005, the Medal "In Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of Kazan" was established by Russia to denote this landmark event. The multi-ethnic city is is honored by UNESCO and famous for Muslims and Christians living side-by-side in peace.
In April 2009, the Russian Patent Office granted Kazan the right to brand itself as the "Third Capital" of Russia. In 2009 it was chosen as the "Sports capital of Russia" and it still is referred to as such. The city will host 2013 Summer Universiade, 2015 World Aquatics Championships, and 2018 FIFA World Cup.
The origin of the name Kazan is uncertain. The most accepted legends derive it from the Bulgar Turkic (and also modern Tatar) word qazan, which means 'boiler' or 'cauldron'.

wn.com/Kazan
Khvalynsk
Khvalynsk (Russian: Хвалы́нск; IPA: [xvɐˈlɨnsk]) is a river port town in Saratov Oblast, Russia, located by the Volga River. Population: 13,094 (2010 Census preliminary results); 13,752 (2002 Census); 14,948 (1989 Census); 16,000 (1974).
It was founded in 1556 as a Russian outpost on the Sosnovy Island on the Volga. In 1606, the whole settlement was relocated to the spot of today's Khvalynsk and came to be known as Sosnovy Ostrov (Сосновый Остров, lit. pine island). In 1780, the settlement was granted uyezd town status and renamed Khvalynsk.
Its name (as well as the old name of the Caspian Sea, "Khvalyn Sea") is derived from the name "Khwalis" for the inhabitants of Xvārēzm. Khvalynsk culture is named after the town.
In the 18th–19th centuries, Khvalynsk was known as a local center for trading bread and agricultural produce. It was also one of the centers of the Old Believers. Some scholars believe that Khvalynsk was used by Nikolai Gogol as a setting for his play The Government Inspector.

wn.com/Khvalynsk
Marseille
Coordinates: 43°17′47″N 5°22′12″E / 43.2964°N 5.37°E / 43.2964; 5.37
Marseille ( /mɑrˈseɪ/; also Marseilles in English; French: [maʁsɛj], locally: [mɑχˈsɛjə]; Occitan: Marselha [maʀˈsejɔ, maʀˈsijɔ]), known in antiquity as Massilia or Massalia (from Greek: Μασσαλία), is the second largest city in France, after Paris, with a population of 852,395 within its administrative limits on a land area of 240.62 km² (93 sq mi). The urban area of Marseille extends beyond the city limits with a population of over 1,420,000 on an area of 1,204 km² (465 sq mi). 1,530,000 or 1,601,095 people live in the Marseille metropolitan area, ranking it third among French metropolitan areas after Paris and Lyon. Located on the southeast coast of France, Marseille is France's largest city on the Mediterranean coast and largest commercial port. Marseille is the capital of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, as well as the capital of the Bouches-du-Rhône department. Its inhabitants are called Marseillais.
Marseille is the second largest city in France after Paris and the centre of the third largest metropolitan area in France after Paris and Lyon. To the east, starting in the small fishing village of Callelongue on the outskirts of Marseille and stretching as far as Cassis, are the Calanques, a rugged coastal area interspersed with small fjords. Further east still are the Sainte-Baume, a 1,147 m (3,763 ft) mountain ridge rising from a forest of deciduous trees, the town of Toulon and the French Riviera. To the north of Marseille, beyond the low Garlaban and Etoile mountain ranges, is the 1,011 m (3,317 ft) Mont Sainte Victoire. To the west of Marseille is the former artists' colony of l'Estaque; further west are the Côte Bleue, the Gulf of Lion and the Camargue region in the Rhône delta. The airport lies to the north west of the city at Marignane on the Étang de Berre.

wn.com/Marseille
North Carolina
North Carolina (ⁱ/ˌnɔrθ kærəˈlaɪnə/) is a state in the Southeastern United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west and Virginia to the north. North Carolina is the 28th most extensive and the 10th most populous of the 50 United States.
North Carolina is comprised of 100 counties. Its capital is Raleigh, and its largest city is Charlotte. In the past five decades, North Carolina's economy has undergone a transition from heavy reliance upon tobacco and furniture making to a more diversified economy with engineering, biotechnology, and finance sectors.
North Carolina has a wide range of elevations, from sea level on the coast to 6,684 feet (2,037 m) at Mount Mitchell, the highest point in the Eastern US. The climate of the coastal plains is strongly influenced by the Atlantic Ocean. Most of the state falls in the humid subtropical climate zone. More than 300 miles (500 km) from the coast, the western, mountainous part of the state has a subtropical highland climate.

wn.com/North_Carolina
Novouzensk
Novouzensk (Russian: Новоузе́нск; IPA: [nəvəʊˈzʲɛnsk]) is a town and the administrative center of Novouzensky District of Saratov Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Bolshoy Uzen River at its confluence with the Chertanly River, 202 kilometers (126 mi) southeast of Saratov. Population: 17,015 (2010 Census preliminary results); 16,881 (2002 Census); 16,589 (1989 Census).
In 1760, the village of Chertanla (Чертанла) was founded by the Old Believers. It grew and was granted town status and renamed Novy Uzen (Новый Узень) in 1835. It was later renamed Novouzensk.
Novouzensk is a center of grain-producing region.

wn.com/Novouzensk
Poland
Poland ⁱ/ˈpoʊlənd/ (Polish: Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska; Kashubian: Pòlskô Repùblika; Silesian: Polsko Republika), is a country in Central Europe, bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,679 square kilometres (120,726 sq mi), making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous post-communist member. Poland is a unitary state made up of 16 voivodeships. Poland is a member of the European Union, NATO, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), European Economic Area, International Energy Agency, Council of Europe, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, International Atomic Energy Agency, G6, Council of the Baltic Sea States, Visegrád Group, Weimar Triangle and Schengen Agreement.

wn.com/Poland
Pugachyov
Pugachyov (Russian: Пугачёв; IPA: [pʊgɐˈʨof]) is a town in Saratov Oblast, Russia, located on the Bolshoy Irgiz River (Volga's tributary), 246 kilometers (153 mi) northeast of Saratov. Population: 41,705 (2010 Census preliminary results); 41,436 (2002 Census); 40,947 (1989 Census).
It was founded as the sloboda of Mechetnaya (Мечетная) in 1764 by Old Believers who returned from Poland. In 1835, it was granted town status and renamed Nikolayevsk (Никола́евск), after the ruling Tsar Nicholas I. In 1918, it was renamed after Yemelyan Pugachev, leader of the Cossack insurrection.
A branch of the Central Archive of the Russian Ministry of Defense is located in the town.

wn.com/Pugachyov
Rtishchevo
Rtishchevo (Russian: Рти́щево; IPA: [ˈrtʲiɕːɪvə]) is a town in Saratov Oblast, Russia, located 214 kilometers (133 mi) west of Saratov. Population: 41,295 (2010 Census preliminary results); 44,185 (2002 Census); 44,339 (1989 Census).
The village of Rtishchevo was first mentioned in 1666; the modern settlement was built near Rtishchevo railway station in 1871. It was granted town status in 1920.
It was home to Rtishchevo air base.

wn.com/Rtishchevo
Russia
Russia ⁱ/ˈrʌʃə/ or /ˈrʊʃə/ (Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə] ( listen)), is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, and the US state of Alaska by the Bering Strait. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the eighth most populous nation with 143 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning nine time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources and is the largest producer of oil and natural gas globally. Russia has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.

wn.com/Russia
Saratov
Saratov (Russian: Сара́тов; IPA: [sɐˈratəf] ( listen)) is a major city in southern Russia. It is the administrative center of Saratov Oblast and a major port on the Volga River. Population: 837,831 (2010 Census preliminary results); 873,055 (2002 Census); 904,643 (1989 Census). In addition to ethnic Russians, the city also has many Tatar, Ukrainian, Jewish, and German residents.
Ukek, a city of the Golden Horde, was situated near the site of the modern city of Saratov from the mid 13th century until its destruction in 1395.
The modern city was founded in 1590. It traces its history to the reign of Tsar Feodor Ivanovich, who constructed several settlements along the Volga River in order to secure the southeastern boundary of his state. During the summer of 1586, the fortress of Samara was founded, followed by Tsaritsyn in 1589 and finally Saratov, located midway between Samara and Tsaritsyn, in 1590. Saratov was built at the insistence of count Grigory Zasekin. All three forts were located in a region where the Volga and the Don flow nearest one another, which allowed the Duchy of Moscovy to secure both rivers and to ensure control over the recently annexed khanates of Kazan and Astrakhan in the years following the Livonian War. The future town's buildings were first constructed in the upper reaches of the Volga, a full year prior to the in situ foundation of Saratov. In the spring of 1590, workers disassembled the constructions, marked each log, and delivered the "town" to its destination via the river. This method allowed the buildings to be rapidly erected in just a few weeks.

wn.com/Saratov
Saratov Bridge
Saratov Bridge (Russian: Сара́товский мост) across the Volga River in Saratov, Russia was the longest bridge in the Soviet Union upon its inauguration in 1965. Its length is 2,803.7 meters (9,198 ft). It connects Saratov on the right (west) bank of the Volga, with the city of Engels on the left (east) bank.
As of 2008^[update], a new bridge is being built at the village of Pristannoye, 14 kilometers (8.7 mi) upstream from the Saratov Bridge. The construction of it started in late 1990s and by the year 2000, the first part was accomplished and set for use. The second part was completed and opened on 16 October 2009. Its total length is 12,760 meters (41,860 ft).
Coordinates: 51°30′52″N 46°04′20″E / 51.51444°N 46.07222°E / 51.51444; 46.07222

wn.com/Saratov_Bridge
Saratov Oblast
Saratov Oblast (Russian: Сара́товская о́бласть, Saratovskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the Volga Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Saratov. Population: 2,521,892 (2010 Census).
The name "Saratov" is encountered in the name of a people on the Lower Volga (Ptolemy, 2nd century) and in the titles of Russian epic poems (bylinas) of the Saratov Mountains, the Saratovka River, and the Saratov Steppe. It also survives in the names of the city of Saratov and Saratov Region. Legends and scientific evidence both say that two great turning points in human history-the revelation of monotheism and domestication of the horse-are associated with the Saratov Volga region. This territory was poetically called the "Land of Apple Trees" and the "Land of Licorice." The Volga, the steppe, and oak forests were the main elements of nature in the region.^{[citation needed]}
The Saratov Volga appears to be the location of one of the centers of the Old Russian state system (Volga Rus). From the 13th to the 15th centuries, these lands belonged to the Golden Horde and then to the Great Horde. The history of the Golden Horde city of Ukek (Uvek) is closely tied to the history of the new Russian city of Saratov, whose name is said to come from the Tatar words sary tau (Yellow Mountain). Thus, in a way, Saratov can be considered one of Russia's oldest cities.

wn.com/Saratov_Oblast
Shanxi
Coordinates: 37°42′N 112°24′E / 37.7°N 112.4°E / 37.7; 112.4
Shanxi (help·info) (Chinese: 山西; pinyin: Shānxī; Wade–Giles: Shan-hsi; Postal map spelling: Shansi) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the North China region. Its one-character abbreviation is "晋" (pinyin: Jìn), after the state of Jin that existed here during the Spring and Autumn Period.
The name Shanxi literally means "mountain's west", which refers to the province's location west of the Taihang Mountains. Shanxi borders Hebei to the east, Henan to the south, Shaanxi to the west, and Inner Mongolia to the north and is made up mainly of a plateau bounded partly by mountain ranges. The capital of the province is Taiyuan.
Shanxi, the territory of state of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period (722 BC - 403 BC), underwent a three-way split into the states of Han, Zhao and Wei in 403 BC, the traditional date taken as the start of the Warring States Period (403 BC - 221 BC). By 221 BC all of these states had fallen to the state of Qin, which established the Qin Dynasty (221 BC - 206 BC).

wn.com/Shanxi
Shaoyang
Shaoyang (simplified Chinese: 邵阳; traditional Chinese: 邵陽; pinyin: Shàoyáng) is a prefecture-level city in Hunan province, People's Republic of China. Shaoyang is in the south west of Hunan, not far from Hengyang city.
Shaoyang has a history of 2500 years and remains an important commercial and transportation city in Hunan. It has a city area and 8 suburban counties, with a population of 7.6 million, the largest in Hunan province.
One of the major forest areas in Hunan, Shaoyang has a forest coverage of 42.7%. The 23,000,000 acres (93,000 km²) Nan Shan Pastures is one of the biggest in Southern China which provide dairy products and meat for Hunanese.
Shaoyang is home to Shaoyang University. The school is composed of former Shaoyang Normal College and Shaoyang College.
Shaoyang dialect of Lou Shao group of dialects of Xiang is spoken here.
Shaoyang is the setting of Justin Hill's novel The Drink and Dream Teahouse, which was banned in China in 2001.

Coordinates: 27°15′N 111°28′E / 27.25°N 111.467°E / 27.25; 111.467

wn.com/Shaoyang
Shikhany
Shikhany (Russian: Шиханы) is a closed town in Saratov Oblast, Russia, located 130 kilometers (81 mi) north of Saratov on the right bank of the Volga River. Population: 6,067 (2010 Census preliminary results); 6,738 (2002 Census); 12,763 (1989 Census).
It was founded in 1928 and granted town status in 1996. It has been closed since 1997.
The town comprises Shikhany-1 (the town proper), Shikhany-2 (military base), and Shikhany-4 (the arsenal).
Formerly, it was named after Count Vasily Orlov-Denisov, a hero of the 1812 Patriotic War.
After Volsk-17 became the town of Shikhany, Shikhany-2 (hitherto closed town of Volsk-18) officially became Shikhany-1. However, citizens still refer to them as Shikhany-1 and Shikhany-2, respectively.
Main organizations include NII RHBZ (Scientific & Research Institute of Radiation and Chemical Defence), Russian: НИИ РХБЗ, НИИ Радиационной Химической и Биологической Защиты), the 1st Mobile Brigade of RHBZ, the RHBZ service base, "notch and scout" regiment, the Shikhansky chemical testing ground, the Privolzhskiy Military District Hospital, a polyclinic, school № 24, music school, 3 kindergartens, a hotel, an officer's House with attached cinema theater, and a forestry.

wn.com/Shikhany
Siberia
Coordinates: 60°0′N 105°0′E / 60°N 105°E / 60; 105
Siberia (/saɪˈbɪəriə/; Russian: Сиби́рь, tr. Sibir'; IPA: [sʲɪˈbʲirʲ] ( listen)) is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union (USSR) from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th to 19th centuries.
Encompassing much of the Eurasian Steppe, the territory of Siberia extends eastward from the Ural Mountains to the watershed between the Pacific and Arctic drainage basins, and southward from the Arctic Ocean to the hills of north-central Kazakhstan and the national borders of Mongolia and China. Siberia makes up about 77% of Russia's territory (13.1 million square kilometres), but has only 28% (40 million people) of Russia's population.
Some sources say that the word Siberia originates from the Turkic for "sleeping land". Another version is that this name was the ancient tribal name of the Sabirs, Turkic nomads later assimilated to Siberian Tatars. The modern usage of the name appeared in the Russian language after the conquest of the Siberian Khanate.

wn.com/Siberia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic (short form: Slovakia ⁱ/sloʊˈvɑːkiə/ or /sləˈvækiə/; Slovak: Slovensko (help·info), long form Slovenská republika (help·info)) is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about 49,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi). Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south. The largest city is the capital, Bratislava, and the second largest is Košice. Slovakia is a member state of the European Union, NATO, United Nations, OECD and WTO among others. The official language is Slovak, a member of the Slavic language family.
The Slavs arrived in the territory of present day Slovakia in the 5th and 6th centuries during the migration period. In the course of history, various parts of today's Slovakia belonged to Samo's Empire (the first known political unit of Slavs), Principality of Nitra (as independent polity, as part of Great Moravia and as part of Hungarian Kingdom), Great Moravia, Kingdom of Hungary, the Austro-Hungarian Empire or Habsburg Empire, and Czechoslovakia. A separate Slovak state briefly existed during World War II, during which Slovakia was a dependency of Nazi Germany between 1939 and 1944. From 1945 Slovakia once again became a part of Czechoslovakia. The present-day Slovakia became an independent state on 1 January 1993 after the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia.

wn.com/Slovakia
Taiyuan
Taiyuan (Chinese: 太原; pinyin: Tàiyuán [tʰâɪɥǎn]) is the capital and largest city of Shanxi province in North China. At the 2010 census, it had a total population of 4,201,591 inhabitants on 6959 km² whom 3,212,500 are urban on 1,460 km². The name of the city literally means "Great Plains", referring to the location where the Fen River leaves the mountains.
From around 859BC the area was held by the Rong people. In 662 they were driven out by the Beidi.
Taiyuan was an ancient capital, constructed by Zhaojianzi (simplified Chinese: 赵简子; traditional Chinese: 趙簡子) in 497 BC, named Jinyang (t 晉陽, s 晋阳). It served as the capital of Zhao. It was renamed Taiyuan following its conquest by the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC. Under the later Han dynasty, it was the capital of Bing Province (Bingzhou). For a time in the 6th century, the city was a secondary capital of Eastern Wei and Northern Qi states, growing into a fairly large city and also becoming a center of Buddhism. A new city was built in AD 562, which was later linked to the old city during the Tang Dynasty in AD 733. From that time until the middle of the Tang dynasty (618–907), the construction of the cave temples at Tianlong Mountain just southwest of the city, continued. The dynastic founder of the Tang began his conquest of the empire with Taiyuan as a base and using the support of its local aristocracy. It was periodically designated as the Tang's northern capital and grew into a heavily fortified military base.

wn.com/Taiyuan
Texas
Texas (ⁱ/ˈtɛksəs/) (Alibamu: Teksi ) is the second most populous and the second most extensive of the 50 United States, and the most extensive state of the 48 contiguous United States. The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in East Texas. Located in the South Central United States, Texas shares an international border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south, and borders the US states of New Mexico to the west, Oklahoma to the north, Arkansas to the northeast, and Louisiana to the east. Texas has an area of 268,820 square miles (696,200 km²), and a growing population of 25.7 million residents.
During the Spanish colonial rule, the area was officially known as the Nuevo Reino de Filipinas: La Provincia de Texas. Antonio Margil de Jesús was known to be the first person to use the name in a letter to the Viceroy of Mexico in July 20, 1716. The name was not popularly used in daily speech but often appeared in legal documents until the end of the 1800s.

wn.com/Texas
Tours
Coordinates: 47°23′37″N 0°41′21″E / 47.3936°N 0.6892°E / 47.3936; 0.6892
Tours (pronounced: [tuʁ]) is a city in central France, the capital of the Indre-et-Loire department.
It stands on the lower reaches of the river Loire, between Orléans and the Atlantic coast. Touraine, the region around Tours, is known for its wines, the alleged perfection (as perceived by some speakers) of its local spoken French, and the Battle of Tours in 732. It is also the site of the Paris–Tours road bicycle race. Tours is the largest city in the Centre region of France, although it is not the regional capital, which is the region's second-largest city, Orléans. In 2006, the city itself had 142,000 inhabitants and the metropolitan area had 306,974.
In Gallic times the city was important as a crossing point of the Loire. Becoming part of the Roman Empire during the first century AD, the city was named "Caesarodunum" ("hill of Caesar"). The name evolved in the 4th century when the original Gallic name, Turones, became first "Civitas Turonum" then "Tours". It was at this time that the amphitheatre of Tours, one of the five largest in the Empire, was built. Tours became the metropolis of the Roman province of Lugdunum towards 380–388, dominating the Loire Valley, Maine and Brittany. One of the outstanding figures of the history of the city was Saint Martin, second bishop who shared his coat with a naked beggar in Amiens. This incident and the importance of Martin in the medieval Christian West made Tours, and its position on the route of pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela,made Tours a major centre during the Middle Ages.

wn.com/Tours
Ukek
Coordinates: 51°25′15″N 45°57′45″E / 51.42083°N 45.9625°E / 51.42083; 45.9625 Ukek or Uvek (Tatar: Ükäk, Russian: Увек) was a city of the Golden Horde, situated on the banks of the Volga River, at the Uvekovka estuary. Ukek marked the half-way distance between Sarai, the capital of the Golden Horde, and Bolghar, the former capital of Volga Bulgaria. Ukek was probably established in the 1240s, and it became an important trade center by the early 14th century. Several medieval chroniclers make reference to Ukek. It is also marked on some contemporary maps, including the 1367 map by Dominico & Francisco Pizzigani and the 1459 map by Fra Mauro. Timur's troops sacked the city in 1395. Its ruins are at about 10 km downstream of the modern city of Saratov. A village situated next to the ruins still has the name Uvek (Увек). The ruins of Ukek were described by Anthony Jenkinson in 1558.

wn.com/Ukek
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.

wn.com/United_Kingdom
United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km²) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.

wn.com/United_States
Volsk
Volsk (Russian: Вольск) is a town in Saratov Oblast, Russia, located 147 kilometers (91 mi) to the northeast from Saratov, on the right bank of the Volga River, opposite the mouth of the Bolshoy Irgiz, the Volga tributary. Population: 66,520 (2010 Census preliminary results); 71,124 (2002 Census); 65,683 (1989 Census).
It was founded in 1699 as the sloboda of Malykovka (Малыковка) and was granted town status and renamed Volgsk (Волгск) in 1780. In the 19th century, the name gradually changed to more pronounceable "Volsk".
After the October Revolution of 1917, Volsk became a major center of cement production.

wn.com/Volsk
Łódź
Łódź ([wut͡ɕ] ( listen); Yiddish: לאדז', Lodzh) is the third-largest city in Poland. Located in the central part of the country, it had a population of 742,387 in December 2009. It is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship, and is approximately 135 kilometres (84 mi) south-west of Warsaw. The city's coat of arms is an example of canting: depicting a boat, it alludes to the city's name which translates literally as "boat".
Łódź first appears in the written record in a 1332 document giving the village of Łodzia to the bishops of Włocławek. In 1423 King Władysław Jagiełło granted city rights to the village of Łódź. From then until the 18th century the town remained a small settlement on a trade route between Masovia and Silesia. In the 16th century the town had fewer than 800 inhabitants, mostly working on the nearby grain farms.
With the second partition of Poland in 1793, Łódź became part of the Kingdom of Prussia's province of South Prussia, and was known in German as Lodsch. In 1798 the Prussians nationalised the town, and it lost its status as a town of the bishops of Kuyavia. In 1806 Łódź joined the Napoleonic Duchy of Warsaw and in 1810 it had 190 inhabitants. In the 1815 Congress of Vienna treaty it became part of Congress Poland, a client state of the Russian Empire.

wn.com/Łódź

Aleksandra Ekster
Aleksandra Aleksandrovna Ekster (Russian: Александра Александровна Экстер, Ukrainian: Олександра Олександрівна Екстер; 6 January 1882 – 17 March 1949) was a Russian-French painter (Cubo-Futurist, Suprematist, Constructivist) and designer.
She was born Aleksandra Aleksandrovna Grigorovich in Białystok, Imperial Russia (now Poland) to a wealthy Belarusian family. Her father, Aleksandr Grigorovich, was a wealthy businessman. Young Aleksandra received an excellent private education, she studied languages, music, art, and took private drawing lessons.
In 1903, Aleksandra Grigorovich married a successful Kiev lawyer, Nikolai Evgenyevich Ekster. The Eksters belonged to cultural and intellectual elite of Kiev. At that time she studied painting at Kiev art school. In 1907, she spent several months with her husband in Paris, and there she attended Académie de la Grande Chaumière in Montparnasse. From 1908 to 1924 she intermittently lived in Kiev, St. Petersburg, Odessa, Paris, Rome and Moscow.
Her painting studio in the attic at 27 Funduklievskaya Street was a rallying stage for Kiev's intellectual elite. There she was visited by poets and writers, such as Anna Akhmatova, Ilia Ehrenburg, and Osip Mandelstam, dancers Bronislava Nijinska and Elsa Kruger, as well as many artists Alexander Bogomazov, Wladimir Baranoff-Rossine, and students, such as Grigori Kozintsev, Sergei Yutkevich, and Aleksei Kapler among many others. In 1908 she participated in an exhibition together with members of the group Zveno (Link) organized by David Burliuk, Wladimir Burliuk and others in Kiev.

wn.com/Aleksandra_Ekster
Alexander Radishchev
Alexander Nikolayevich Radishchev (Russian: Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Ради́щев; 31 August [O.S. 20 August] 1749 – 24 September [O.S. 12 September] 1802) was a Russian author and social critic who was arrested and exiled under Catherine the Great. He brought the tradition of radicalism in Russian literature to prominence with the publication in 1790 of his Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow. His depiction of socio-economic conditions in Russia earned him exile to Siberia until 1797.

wn.com/Alexander_Radishchev
Alfred Schnittke
Alfred Schnittke (Russian: Альфре́д Га́рриевич Шни́тке (Al'fred Garrievič Šnitke); Engels, November 24, 1934 – Hamburg, August 3, 1998) was a Soviet and German composer. Schnittke's early music shows the strong influence of Dmitri Shostakovich. He developed a polystylistic technique in works such as the epic First Symphony (1969–1972) and First Concerto Grosso (1977). In the 1980s, Schnittke's music began to become more widely known abroad with the publication of his Second (1980) and Third (1983) String Quartets and the String Trio (1985); the ballet Peer Gynt (1985–1987); the Third (1981), Fourth (1984), and Fifth (1988) Symphonies; and the Viola (1985) and 1st Cello (1985–1986) Concertos. As his health deteriorated, Schnittke's music started to abandon much of the extroversion of his polystylism and retreated into a more withdrawn, bleak style.
Schnittke's father, Harry Viktorovich Schnittke (1914–1975, rus.), was Jewish and born in Frankfurt. He moved to the USSR in 1927 and worked as a journalist and translator from the Russian language into German. His mother, Maria Iosifovna Schnittke (née Vogel, 1910–1972), was a Volga German born in Russia. Schnittke's paternal grandmother, Tea Abramovna Katz (1889–1970), was a philologist, translator, and editor of German-language literature.

wn.com/Alfred_Schnittke
Anastasia Karpova
Anastasia Karpova (Russian: Анастасия Карпова; born 2 November 1984) is a Russian singer, best known as a member of girl group Serebro. She became a Serebro member after Marina Lizorkina left the band in 2009.
Anastasia Karpova was born on 2 November 1984 in Balakovo, Saratov Oblast, Russia. Although she was very interested in music from an early age, Karpova dedicated herself to dance and became a member of the ballet troupe "Street Jazz". She also attended singing classes later deciding to pursue a singing career.
On 18 June 2009 it was announced that Marina Lizorkina had left the Russian girl group Serebro, who represented Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 and eventually gained great popularity in Russia and former countries of the USSR. The producer of Serebro, Maxim Fadeev, had opened an audition for a new band member. Karpova replaced Lizorkina, and joined Elena Temnikova and Olga Seryabkina as a new singer of the trio. She stated, "The destiny often gives you a chance to win. The thing is to use it properly".

wn.com/Anastasia_Karpova
Aristarkh Lentulov
Aristarkh Lentulov (Russian: Лентулов, Аристарх Васильевич) (January 4, 1882 - April 15, 1943) was a major Russian avant-garde artist of Cubist orientation who also worked on set designs for the theatre.
Aristarkh Lentulov was born in the town of Nizhny Lomov near Penza into the family of a rural priest. He studied art in the Penza and Kiev art schools from 1897 to 1905, and then in the private studio of Dmitry Kardovsky in Saint Petersburg in 1906.
He lived in Moscow from 1909, and he was one of the founders of the avant-garde exhibiting association of artists, the Jack of Diamonds group. This group remained active until its dissolution in 1916.
From 1910 to 1911 Lentulov studied at the Le Fauconnier studio and the La Palette Academy in Paris. Whilst there, he became acquainted with contemporary French painters such as Albert Gleizes, Jean Metzinger, Fernand Léger and Robert Delaunay and after absorbing fauvists' and cubists' principles, developed his own unique coulorful style of painting. Later, after his return to Russia in 1912 he became a major influence on what to become the Russian futurism and in particular Cubo-Futurism. Wassily Kandinsky and Kazimir Malevich were both influenced by him.

wn.com/Aristarkh_Lentulov
Boris Andreyev
Boris Fyodorovich Andreyev (Russian: Бори́с Фёдорович Андре́ев; 9 February [O.S. 27 January] 1915 – 25 April 1982) was a Soviet actor. He appeared in 51 films between 1939 and 1982.
Boris Andreyev was born 9 February 1915 in Saratov, Russian Empire to a family of workers. His childhood and youth years were spent in Atkarsk, Saratov Governorate. After completing the seven grade at school, Andreyev went to work as a mechanic-electrician at a сombine factory, where he started going to a local theatrical circle. There he was noticed by a famous Saratov actor, Ivan Slonov, who suggested to him to enter the Saratov Theatre Technical School, which Boris Andreyev successfully graduated in 1937.
For a while, Boris Andreev played on the Saratov Drama Theater's stage. During the theater tour in Moscow, film director Ivan Pyryev offered him the role of Nazar Duma in Tractor Drivers (1939). It became the first cinema role, which brought fame to him as a film actor.
His next notable role was as Khariton Balun in A Great Life (1st part in 1939, 2nd part in 1958).

wn.com/Boris_Andreyev
Boris Babochkin
Boris Andreyevich Babochkin (Russian: Бори́с Андре́евич Ба́бочкин; 18 January 1904 – 17 July 1975) was a well-known Soviet film and theatre actor and director. Boris Babochkin was one of the first internationally recognized stars of the Soviet-Russian cinema. He rose to fame with the title role in the classic film Chapaev (1934) and later, in the 1950s, he played a sharp anti-communist character on stage in Moscow, for which he was censored by the Soviet Communist Party.
Babochkin was born on 18 January 1904, in Saratov on the Volga river in Russia. His father, Andrei Babochkin, came from a family of Russian merchants and traders. The father had owned a successful trade business in the city of Saratov on Volga, then sold his business and worked for a railroad. The Babochkins lived in Krasny Kut, a small station near Saratov. His mother, a school teacher, was fond of Russian classical literature, and young Babochkin was brought up in an intellectually stimulating environment. Young Boris Babochkin and his brother were fond of acting and were involved in amateur theatre productions in Saratov. At age 14 Boris joined the Red Army and served for one year in the same front on Volga and the Urals with the legendary commander Chapayev, whom he would later portray, although they never met.

wn.com/Boris_Babochkin
Eduard Limonov
Eduard Limonov (Russian: Эдуард Лимонов, real name Eduard Veniaminovich Savenko, Russian: Эдуа́рд Вениами́нович Саве́нко; born February 22, 1943) is Russian writer and political dissident, and is the founder and leader of radical National Bolshevik Party. An opponent of Vladimir Putin, Limonov is one of the leaders of The Other Russia political bloc.
Limonov was born Eduard Veniaminovich Savenko in Dzerzhinsk, a Gorky Oblast (now Nizhny Novgorod Oblast) industrial town on the Oka River in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic of the Soviet Union. Limonov's father — then in the military service – was in a state security career and his mother was a homemaker. In the early years of his life family moved to Kharkov in the Ukrainian SSR, where Limonov grew up.
By Limonov's own account, he began writing "very bad" poetry at the age of thirteen and soon after became involved in theft and petty crime as an adolescent hooligan. Limonov adopted his nom de plume for use in literary circles during this time.

wn.com/Eduard_Limonov
Feodor I of Russia
Feodor I Ivanovich (Russian: Фёдор I Ивановиo or Feodor I Ioannovich Russian: Феодор I Иоаннович; 31 May 1557 – 16/17 January (NS) 1598) was the last Rurikid Tsar of Russia (1584–1598), son of Ivan IV (The Terrible) and Anastasia Romanovna. He was born in Moscow and crowned Tsar and Autocrat of all Russia at Assumption Cathedral, Moscow, on 31 May 1584.
Being unhealthy and, by some reports, intellectually disabled, Feodor was only the nominal ruler, having his duties handed over to his wife's brother and trusted minister Boris Godunov, who would later succeed Feodor as tsar. Feodor's childless death left the Rurikid dynasty extinct, and spurred Russia's descent to the catastrophic Time of Troubles.
In English he is sometimes called Feodor the Bellringer in consequence of his strong faith and inclination to travel the land^{[citation needed]} and ring the bells at churches. However, in Russian the name "Bellringer" is hardly ever used. In Russian documents he is sometimes called blessed (Russian: Блаженный).

wn.com/Feodor_I_of_Russia
Fyodor Rokotov
Fyodor Stepanovich Rokotov (Fedor Rokotov) (Russian: Фёдор Степа́нович Ро́котов) (1736–December 24, 1808) was a distinguished Russian painter who specialized in portraits.
Fyodor Rokotov was born into a family of peasant serfs, belonging to the Repnins. Much in his biography is obscure. He studied art in Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts. After buying back his freedom in the end of 1750s he became established as a fashionable painter.
In 1765, Rokotov was elected an Academician, but he did not work as a professor in the Academy long, because it interfered with his painting. He returned to Moscow in 1765, where he lived for the rest of his life. He had a lot of commissions there, becoming one of the best portrait painters of his time.
Among his best-known portraits are Portrait of Alexandra Struyskaya (1772), sometimes called the Russian Mona Lisa and admittedly the most celebrated piece of the 18th-century Russian painting; Portrait of Countess Elisabeth Santi (1785), and Lady in a Pink Dress (1770s, illustration, right).

wn.com/Fyodor_Rokotov
Gavrila Derzhavin
Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin (Russian: Гаврии́л (Гаври́ла) Рома́нович Держа́вин [] ( listen), July 14, 1743 – July 20, 1816) was arguably one of the greatest Russian poets before Alexander Pushkin, as well as a statesman. Although his works are traditionally considered literary classicism, his best verse is rich with antitheses and conflicting sounds in a way reminiscent of John Donne and other metaphysical poets.
Derzhavin was born in Kazan. His distant ancestor Morza Bagrim, who relocated from the Great Horde in the 15th century to Moscow, was baptized and became a vassal of the Russian Grand Prince Vasily II. Nevertheless, by the 18th century Derzhavin's father was just a poor country squire who died when Gavrila was still young. He received a little formal education at the gymnasium there but left for Petersburg as a private in the guards. There he rose from the ranks as a common soldier to the highest offices of state under Catherine the Great. He first impressed his commanders during Pugachev's Rebellion. Politically astute, his career advanced when he left the military service for civil service. He rose to the position of governor of Olonets (1784) and Tambov (1785), personal secretary to the Empress (1791), President of the College of Commerce (1794), and finally the Minister of Justice (1802). He was dismissed from his post in 1803 and spent much of the rest of his life in the country estate at Zvanka near Novgorod, writing idylls and anacreontic verse. At his Saint Petersburg house, he held monthly meetings of the conservative Lovers of the Russian Word society. He died in 1816 and was buried in the Khutyn Monastery near Zvanka, reburied by the Soviets in the Novgorod Kremlin, and then reinterred at Khutyn.

wn.com/Gavrila_Derzhavin
Herwarth Walden
Herwarth Walden (actual name Georg Lewin, September 16, 1879, in Berlin – October 31, 1941, in Saratov, Russia) was a German Expressionist artist and art expert in many disciplines. He is broadly acknowledged as one of the most important discoverers and promoters of German avant-garde art in the early twentieth century (Expressionism, Futurism, Dadaism, Magic Realism).
He studied composition and piano at the music academies of Berlin and Florence. But his interest embraced all arts. So he became a musician, composer, writer, critic, and gallery owner. He was best known as the founder of the Expressionist magazine Der Sturm (The Storm) and its offshoots. These consisted of a publishing house and journal, founded in 1910, to which he added an art gallery two years later.
He discovered, sponsored and promoted many young, still unknown artists of different styles and trends, such as the Blaue Reiter and Italian Futurism. Later some of them became very famous: Oskar Kokoschka, Maria Uhden, Georg Schrimpf et al.

wn.com/Herwarth_Walden
Jews
The Jews (Hebrew: יְהוּדִים‎‎ ISO 259-3 Yhudim Israeli pronunciation [jehuˈdim]), also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and an ethnoreligious group, originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation.Converts to Judaism, whose status as Jews within the Jewish ethnos is equal to those born into it, have been absorbed into the Jewish people throughout the millennia.
In Jewish tradition, Jewish ancestry is traced to the Biblical patriarchs Abraham, Isaac and Jacob in the second millennium BCE. The modern State of Israel defines itself as a Jewish state in its Basic Laws, and Israel's Law of Return states: "Every Jew has the right to come to this country as an oleh." Israel is the only country where Jews are a majority of the population. Jews achieved political autonomy twice before in ancient history. The first of these periods lasted from 1350 to 586 BCE, and encompassed the periods of the Judges, the United Monarchy, and the Divided Monarchy of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, ending with the destruction of the First Temple. The second was the period of the Hasmonean Kingdom spanning from 140 to 37 BCE. Since the destruction of the First Temple, most Jews have lived in diaspora. A minority in every country in which they live (except Israel), they have frequently experienced persecution throughout history, resulting in a population that has fluctuated both in numbers and distribution over the centuries.

wn.com/Jews
Konstantin Fedin
Konstantin Aleksandrovich Fedin (Russian: Константи́н Алекса́ндрович Фе́дин; IPA: [kənstɐnˈtʲin ɐlʲɪˈksandrəvʲɪt͡ɕ ˈfʲedʲɪn] ( listen); 24 February [O.S. 12 February] 1892 — July 15, 1977) was a Russian novelist and literary functionary.
Born in Saratov of humble origins, Fedin studied in Moscow and Germany and was interned there during World War I. After his release he worked as an interpreter in the first Soviet embassy in Berlin. On returning to Russia he joined the Bolsheviks and served in the Red Army; after leaving the Party in 1921 he joined the literary group called the Serapion Brothers, who supported the Revolution but wanted freedom for literature and the arts.
His first story, "The Orchard," was published in 1922, as was his play Bakunin v Drezdene (Bakunin in Dresden). His first two novels are his most important; Goroda i gody (1924; tr. as Cities and Years, 1962, "one of the first major novels in Soviet literature") and Bratya (Brothers, 1928) both deal with the problems of intellectuals at the time of the October Revolution, and include "impressions of the German bourgeois world" based on his wartime imprisonment. His later novels include Pokhishchenie Evropy (The rape of Europe, 1935), Sanatorii Arktur (The Arktur sanatorium, 1939), and the historical trilogy, Pervye radosti (First joys, 1945), Neobyknovennoe leto (An unusual summer, 1948), and Kostyor (The fire, 1961–67). He also wrote a memoir Gorky sredi nas (Gorky among us, 1943). Edward J. Brown, who is probably not a great critic, sums him up as follows: "Fedin, while he is probably not a great writer, did possess in a high degree the talent for communicating the atmosphere of a particular time and place. His best writing is reminiscent re-creation of his own experiences, and his memory is able to select and retain sensuous elements of long-past scenes which render their telling a rich experience."

wn.com/Konstantin_Fedin
Leonid Sobinov
Leonid Vitalyevich Sobinov (Russian: Леони́д Вита́льевич Со́бинов, June 7 [OS May 26] 1872 – October 14, 1934), was an acclaimed Imperial Russian operatic tenor. His fame continued unabated into the Soviet era, and he was made a People's Artist of the RSFSR in 1923. Sobinov's voice was lyrical in size and tone, and it was employed with discerning taste and excellent musicianship.
Leonid Sobinov was born in Yaroslavl, into the family of the lower middle-class trade officer Vitaly Vasilyevich Sobinov. The period of his childhood was apparently happy and calm. Sobinov's mother, who died early, was a keen singer, and due to her inspiration, he began singing himself. In 1881, at the age of nine, he entered a boys' school, graduating in 1890 with a silver medal. As a schoolboy, he had played the guitar as well as joining a local choir.
Sobinov enrolled in a university course in Moscow. This led to a degree in law, which he received in 1894. After university, Sobinov performed military service and then began to practice law. He also studied singing in Moscow with professors Alexander Dodonov and Alexandra Santagano Gorchakova, who, in 1897, suggested that he attend an audition at the city's Bolshoi Theatre. He did well at the audition, obtaining a Bolshoi contract for an initial period of two years. This contract would lay the foundation for a subsequent singing career of extraordinary success.

wn.com/Leonid_Sobinov
Lev Kassil
Lev Abramovich Kassil (Russian: Лев Абра́мович Касси́ль) (27 June 1905, Pokrovskaya – 21 June 1970, Moscow) was a Soviet writer of juvenile and young adult literature, depicting Soviet life, teenagers and their world, school, sports, cultural life, and war.
In 1923 Kassil entered Moscow State University, where he studied aerodynamics. He published his first tale in 1925, and eventually became a REF and LEF member. In 1927 Mayakovsky invited him to share in the magazine called New LEF.
His books were often "development novels" describing how young people could, despite their mistakes, reach a mature view of life. Modesty, unselfishness, endurance, and courage were virtues that Kassil held dear.
In 1950 he received the Stalin Prize for his book «Улица младшего сына» (1949, co-authored with M. Polyanovsky), the life story of young Volodia Dubinin and his struggle during the German invasion of the Soviet Union.
Kassil taught at the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute for a long period. In 1965 he was elected member of the Academy of Pedagogical Science of the Soviet Union.

wn.com/Lev_Kassil
Martiros Saryan
Martiros Saryan (Armenian: Մարտիրոս Սարյան) (28 February [O.S. 16 February] 1880, Nor Nakhichevan, Russian Empire — 5 May 1972, Yerevan, Armenia) was an Armenian painter.
He was born into an Armenian family in Nor Nakhijevan (now part of Rostov-on-Don, Russia). In 1895, aged 15, he completed the Nakhichevan school and from 1897 to 1904 studied at the Moscow School of Arts, including in the workshops of Valentin Serov and Konstantin Korovin. He was heavily influenced by the work of Paul Gauguin and Henri Matisse. He exhibited his works in various shows. He had works shown at the Blue Rose Exhibit in Moscow.
He first visited Armenia, then part of the Russian Empire, in 1901, visiting Lori, Shirak, Echmiadzin, Haghpat, Sanahin, Yerevan and Sevan. He composed his first landscapes depicting Armenia: "Makravank," 1902; "Aragats," 1902; "Buffalo. Sevan", 1903; "Evening in the Garden," 1903; "In the Armenian village", 1903, etc. which were highly praised in the Moscow press.
From 1910 to 1913 he traveled extensively in Turkey, Egypt and Iran. In 1915 he went to Echmiadzin to help refugees who had fled from the Armenian genocide in the Ottoman Empire. In 1916 he traveled to Tiflis (now Tbilisi) where he married Lusik Agayan. It was there that he helped organise the Society of Armenian Artists.

wn.com/Martiros_Saryan
Mikhail Bulgakov
Mikhaíl Afanasyevich Bulgakov (Russian: Михаи́л Афана́сьевич Булга́ков, pronounced [mʲɪxɐˈil ɐfɐˈnasʲjɪvʲɪtɕ bʊlˈgakəf]; May 15 [O.S. May 3] 1891, Kiev – March 10, 1940, Moscow) was a Soviet Russian writer and playwright active in the first half of the 20th century. He is best known for his novel The Master and Margarita, which The Times of London has called one of the masterpieces of the 20th century.
Mikhail Bulgakov was born on May 15, 1891 in Kiev, at that time in the Russian Empire. He was one of seven children (the oldest of three brothers) of Afanasiy Bulgakov, an assistant professor at the Kiev Theological Academy, and Varvara Mikhailovna, a former teacher. Both of his grandfathers were clergymen in the Russian Orthodox Church. Friendship, respect, and mutual love reigned in Bulgakov's large family and happy home. From childhood Bulgakov was drawn to theater. At home, he wrote comedies, which his brothers and sisters acted out.
In 1901 Bulgakov joined the First Kiev Gymnasium, where he developed an interest in Russian and European literature (his favourite authors at the time being Gogol, Pushkin, Dostoyevsky, Saltykov-Shchedrin, and Dickens), theatre and opera. The teachers of the Gymnasium exerted a great influence on the formation of his literary taste. After the death of his father in 1907, Mikhail's mother, a well-educated and extraordinary diligent person, assumed responsibility for his education. After graduation from the Gymnasium in 1909, Bulgakov entered the Medical Faculty of St. Vladimir University, which he finished with special commendation to become a physician at the Kiev Military Hospital.

wn.com/Mikhail_Bulgakov
Mikhail Vrubel
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Vrubel (Russian: Михаи́л Алекса́ндрович Вру́бель; March 17, 1856 – April 14, 1910, all n.s.) is usually regarded amongst the Russian painters of the Symbolist movement. In reality, he deliberately stood aloof from contemporary art trends, so that the origin of his unusual manner should be sought in Late Byzantine and Early Renaissance painting.
Vrubel was born in Omsk, Russia, into a military lawyer's family. His father was of Polish ancestry (Polish: Wróbel), while his mother who was Danish died when he was three years old. And though he graduated from the Faculty of Law at St Petersburg University in 1880, his father had recognized his talent for art and had made sure to provide, through numerous tutors, what proved to be a sporadic education in the subject. The next year he entered the Imperial Academy of Arts, where he studied by direction of Pavel Chistyakov. Even in his earliest works, he exhibited great talent for drawing and an idiosyncratic style. He would later develop a penchant for fragmentary composition and an "unfinished touch".

wn.com/Mikhail_Vrubel
Natalia Pogonina
Natalia Andreevna Pogonina (Russian: Наталья Андреевна Погонина) (born March 9, 1985 in Vladivostok, Russian SFSR) is a Russian chess Woman Grandmaster and member of the Russian Olympic chess team.
Pogonina learned to play chess at the age of five, as her grandfather taught her the basics of the game. She has been studying chess since 1993 after winning the school’s checkers tournament.
She achieved notice for the first time in 1998 when she won the Russian Girls under-14 National Championship. Natalia Pogonina has won the European Chess Championships among girls thrice, and has also been awarded a bronze medal at the World Junior Chess Championship. Some of her other victories include winning the Bykova Memorial in 2005, Rudenko Memorial in 2007, bronze medal at North Urals Cup chess super tournament and sharing first place at the World Student Chess Championship in 2008.
Her latest successes have been winning the gold medal in team blitz and bronze medal in team rapid chess at the first World Mind Sport Games in Beijing and scoring 6/7 on Board 5 (Russian team) in the Chess Olympiad in 2008. She finished first (with 8 points from 9 games) at the prestigious Moscow Open 2009, and won the bronze medal at the European Women Championship 2009 (on tie-breaks). In 2011 Natalia Pogonina won gold medals at both the European Club Cup and the European Team Chess Championship, as well as got silver at the Women's World Chess Team Championship.

wn.com/Natalia_Pogonina
Nikolai Vavilov
Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov FRS (Russian: Никола́й Ива́нович Вави́лов) (November 25 [O.S. November 13] 1887 – January 26, 1943) was a prominent Russian and Soviet botanist and geneticist best known for having identified the centres of origin of cultivated plants. He devoted his life to the study and improvement of wheat, corn, and other cereal crops that sustain the global population.

Vavilov was born into a merchant family in Moscow, the older brother of renowned physicist Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov. "The son of a Moscow merchant who'd grown up in a poor rural village plagued by recurring crop failures and food rationing, Vavilov was obsessed from an early age with ending famine in both his native Russia and the world." He graduated from the Moscow Agricultural Institute in 1910 with a dissertation on snails as pests. From 1911 to 1912, he worked at the Bureau for Applied Botany and at the Bureau of Mycology and Phytopathology. From 1913 to 1914 he travelled in Europe and studied plant immunity, in collaboration with the British biologist William Bateson, who founded the science of genetics.

wn.com/Nikolai_Vavilov
Nikolay Semyonov
Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov FRS Russian: Никола́й Никола́евич Семёнов) (April 15 (April 3, Old Style), 1896 – September 25, 1986) was a Russian/Soviet physicist and chemist. Semyonov was awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on the mechanism of chemical transformation.
Semyonov was born in Saratov and graduated from the department of physics of Petrograd University (1913–1917), where he was a student of Abram Fyodorovich Ioffe. In 1918, he moved to Samara, where he was enlisted into Kolchak's White Army during Russian Civil War.
In 1920, he returned to Petrograd and took charge of the electron phenomena laboratory of the Petrograd Physico-Technical Institute. He also became the vice-director of the intstitute. In 1921, he married philologist Maria Boreishe-Liverovsky (student of Zhirmunsky). She died two years later. In 1923, Nikolay married Maria's niece Natalia Nikolayevna Burtseva. She brought Nikolay a son (Yuri) and a daughter (Lyudmila).
During that difficult time, Semyonov, together with Pyotr Kapitsa, discovered a way to measure the magnetic field of an atomic nucleus (1922). Later the experimental setup was improved by Otto Stern and Walther Gerlach and became known as Stern-Gerlach experiment.

wn.com/Nikolay_Semyonov
Oleg Antonov
Oleg Konstantinovich Antonov (Ukrainian: Оле́г Костянти́нович Анто́нов, Russian: Оле́г Константи́нович Анто́нов, 7 February 1906, Troitsy, Moscow province, Russian Empire – 4 April 1984, Kiev, Ukrainian SSR) was a Soviet aircraft designer, the founder of Antonov ASTC, a world-famous aircraft company in Ukraine, later named in his honour.
Antonov was born on 7 February 1906 in a village near Moscow. In 1912, the Antonovs moved to Saratov, where he attended the local technical school. From an early age, Antonov was fascinated with aviation and spent much of his spare time at the local airport.
At the age of 17, Antonov founded the "Amateur Aviation Club" and the "Organization of Friends of the Air Force." In the same year, he designed the OKA-1 "Pigeon", a glider that was entered in a competition in Moscow where he won the first prize, a flight on a Junkers 12 aircraft.
In 1930, Antonov graduated from the Kalinin Polytechnical Institute in Leningrad. He continued to design gliders and in 1931, Antonov became the chief designer of the Moscow Glider Factory. During the next eight years, he designed 30 different gliders including the Standard-1, Standard-2, OKA-6 and the large "City of Lenin" glider. Due to a requirement that all pilots in the Soviet Union had to begin their flight training on gliders, Antonov was able to produce up to 8,000 gliders per year.

wn.com/Oleg_Antonov
Oleg Tabakov
Oleg Pavlovich Tabakov (Russian: Олег Павлович Табаков) (born 17 August 1935) is a Soviet and Russian actor and the artistic director of the Moscow Art Theatre.
Tabakov studied at the Moscow Art Theatre School. Upon graduating from the school, he became one of the founding fathers of the Sovremennik Theatre. He administrated the Sovremennik until 1982, when he moved to the Moscow Art Theatre, where he has played Molière and Salieri for over 20 years.
In 1986, Tabakov persuaded his students to form the Tabakov Studio attached to the Moscow Art Theatre. Several notable Russian actors including Yevgeny Mironov, Sergey Bezrukov, Vladimir Mashkov and Alexandre Marine studied at the studio. Tabakov also worked in numerous foreign countries, spreading his theatre's ideals abroad.
Tabakov's movie career paralleled the theatrical. He was featured in Grigori Chukhrai's Clear Skies (1961), Sergei Bondarchuk's War and Peace (1968), TV series Seventeen Instants of Spring (1973) and D'Artagnan and Three Musketeers (1978), the Oscar-winning Moscow Does Not Believe In Tears (1980), Nikita Mikhalkov's Oblomov (1981) and Dark Eyes (1986), and the mock ostern A Man from the Boulevard des Capuchines (1987), among others.

wn.com/Oleg_Tabakov
Pavel Kuznetsov
Pavel Varfolomevich Kusnetsov (1878-1968) was a Russian painter and graphic artist.
He studied at Saratov at Bogolyubov Art School (1891-6), then Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (1897-1904) and for a year in Paris (1905). His early paintings were exhibited by the Mir Iskusstva group, and he was closely associated with the Russian Symbolists. He helped to organize the Crimson Rose exhibition (1904) and was a founder and leader of the Blue Rose in 1907. He taught at the Stroganov Institute (1917–18; 1945-8) and at the Moscow Institute of Fine Arts (1918–37). He headed the painting section of Narkompros until 1921, but fell out of official favour with the advent of Socialist Realism.
Kuznetsov's early paintings are typical of the Blue Rose group's poetic explorations of an interior, imaginative world through archetypal symbols. After 1910 he drew increasingly on folk culture, continuing to draw on the rich colours and harmonious rhythms of the Symbolists but simplifying his compositions to depict the everyday life of village communities of Kirghizstan in Central Asia.

wn.com/Pavel_Kuznetsov
Pyotr Konchalovsky
Pyotr Konchalovsky (Petr Petrovich Konchalovsky, Russian: Пётр Петро́вич Кончало́вский) (21 February 1876 - 2 February 1956), was a Russian painter, a member of Jack of Diamonds group.
Pyotr Konchalovsky was born in the village of Slavianka, Kharkov gubernia (currently Ukraine) on 21 February 1876. His father was an art publisher. In 1889, the Konchalovskys moved to Moscow and their house became a part of the Moscow art scene of 1890s. Their house was often visited by Valentin Serov, Mikhail Vrubel, Vasily Surikov. Later, Pyotr married a daughter of Vasily Surikov, who always praised the art of his son-in-law.
During his gymnasium years Konchalovsky attended classes of Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. In 1896-1898 he traveled to Paris and studied at the Académie Julian. In 1899, he returned to Russia and entered the Imperial Academy of Arts in Saint Petersburg, graduating in 1907. At the Academy, he studied under Savinsky, Zaleman and Kovalevsky.
Since 1909, he exhibited frequently, participating in the Golden Fleece, Fraternity, Mir Iskusstva, and New Society of Artists. He was a founding member of the society Jack of Diamonds in 1909. Beginning in 1918 he taught art. In 1922, he had his first solo exhibition at the Tretyakov Gallery.

wn.com/Pyotr_Konchalovsky
Pyotr Stolypin
Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin (Russian: Пётр Арка́дьевич Столы́пин, 14 April [O.S. 2 April] 1862 – September 18 [O.S. September 5] 1911) served as the leader of the third Duma, from 1906 to 1911. His tenure was marked by efforts to counter revolutionary groups and by the implementation of noteworthy agrarian reforms. Stolypin's reforms aimed to stem peasant unrest by creating a class of market-oriented smallholding landowners. He is considered one of the last major statesmen of Imperial Russia with clearly defined public policies and the determination to undertake major reforms.
Stolypin was born in Dresden, Saxony, on 14 April 1862. His family was prominent in the Russian aristocracy, and Stolypin was related on his father's side to the poet Mikhail Lermontov. His father was Arkady Dmitrievich Stolypin (1821–99), a Russian landowner, descendant of a great noble family, a general in the Russian artillery, and later Commandant of the Kremlin Palace. His mother was Natalia Mikhailovna Stolypina (née Gorchakova; 1827–89), the daughter of the Commanding General of the Russian infantry during the Crimean War and later the Governor General of Warsaw Prince Mikhail Dmitrievich Gorchakov.

wn.com/Pyotr_Stolypin
Rachel Bluwstein
Rachel Bluwstein Sela (September 20 (Julian calendar), 1890 - April 16, 1931) was a Hebrew poet who immigrated to Palestine in 1909. She is known by her first name, Rachel, (Hebrew: רחל‎) or as Rachel the poetess (Hebrew: רחל המשוררת‎).
Rachel was born in Saratov in Russia on September 20, 1890, the eleventh daughter of Isser-Leib and Sophia Bluwstein, and granddaughter of the rabbi of the Jewish community in Kiev. During her childhood, her family moved to Poltava, Ukraine, where she attended a Russian-speaking Jewish school and, later, a secular high school. She began writing poetry at the age of 15. When she was 17, she moved to Kiev and began studying painting.
At the age of 19, Rachel visited Eretz Israel with her sister en route to Italy, where they were planning to study art and philosophy. They decided to stay on as Zionist pioneers, learning Hebrew by listening to children’s chatter in kindergartens . They settled in Rehovot and worked in the orchards. Later, Rachel moved to Kvutzat Kinneret on the shores of the Sea of Galilee, where she studied and worked in a women's agricultural school. At Kinneret, she met Zionist leader A. D. Gordon who was to be a great influence on her life, and to whom she dedicated her first Hebrew poem. During this time, she also met and had a romantic relationship with Zalman Rubshov - object of many of her love poems^{[citation needed]}- who later became known as Zalman Shazar and was the third president of Israel.

wn.com/Rachel_Bluwstein
Robert Falk
Robert Rafailovich Falk (Russian: Роберт Рафаилович Фальк, 1886 - October 1, 1958) was a Russian painter.
Falk was born in Moscow in 1886. In 1903 to 1904 he studied art in the studios of Konstantin Yuon and Ilya Mashkov, in 1905 to 1909 he studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture with Konstantin Korovin and Valentin Serov.
In 1910 he was of the founders and the most active participants of artistic group Jack of Diamonds. The group considered Paul Cézanne the only painter worth following, and the rest of visual art to be too trivial and bourgeois. The distinctive feature of Falk's paintings of the time was sculpturing of the form using many layers of different paints.
In 1918-1928 Falk taught at VKhUTEMAS (State Higher Artistic and Technical Workshops). In 1928 Falk went on a supposedly short trip to France and refused to return; he worked in Paris until 1938, when he returned to Moscow.
After 1938 until his death in 1958 he worked in Moscow, most of the time in isolation. His works of that time were in neo-impressionist style with characteristic white-on-white colors (not unlike the later paintings of his teacher Valentin Serov).

wn.com/Robert_Falk
Roman Abramovich
Roman Arkadyevich Abramovich (Russian: Рома́н Арка́дьевич Абрамо́вич, pronounced [rəˈman ərˈkadʲjɪvʲɪtɕ əbrɐˈmovʲɪtɕ]; born 24 October 1966) is a Russian business tycoon and the main owner of the private investment company Millhouse LLC.
He is known outside Russia as the owner of Chelsea Football Club, an English Premier League football team, and for his wider involvement in European football.
Abramovich is currently the 9th richest person in Russia and the 68th richest person in the world, according to the 2012 Forbes list, with an estimated fortune of US$12.1 billion.
Born into a Jewish family of Latvian origins, Abramovich was orphaned as a child who was raised in his uncles families, living first in Ukhta, in the Komi Republic, and then in Moscow. He attended regular state schools and was an average student. Information on his university education is controversial. Some sources suggest that he attended the Ukhta Industrial University, while others point to The Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas in Moscow. Both universities deny his attendance. In Abramovich’s official biography it is stated that he graduated from the Moscow State Law Academy in 2001, but rumours still circulate that he dropped out of college. Some sources claim that this supposed law-degree was completed in just two years whereas most law-education institutions require at least four years in attendance.

wn.com/Roman_Abramovich
Russians
The Russian people (Russian: русские, russkiye) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries.
The English term Russians is also used to refer to the citizens of Russia, regardless of their ethnicity; the demonym Russian is translated into Russian as rossiyanin (россиянин, plural rossiyane), while the ethnic Russians are referred to as russkiye (sg. русский, russkiy).
According to the 2010 census, ethnic Russians make up about 81% of the population of Russia.
The modern Russian is formed from two groups, Northern and Southern, which were made up of Kriviches, Ilmen Slavs, Radimichs, Vyatiches and Severians East Slavic tribes. Genetic studies show that modern Russians do not differ significantly from Poles or Slovenians or Ukrainians. Some ethnographers, like Zelenin, affirm that Russians are more similar to Belarusians and Ukrainians than southern Russians to northern Russians. Russians in northern European Russia share moderate genetic similarities with Uralic peoples, who lived in modern north central European Russia and were partly assimilated by the Slavs as the Slavs migrated northeastwards. Among those peoples were Merya and Muromian.

wn.com/Russians
Sweeney Schriner
David "Sweeney" Schriner (November 30, 1911 – July 4, 1990) was a Russian-born Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played 11 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Americans and Toronto Maple Leafs. He was named Rookie of the Year in 1935 and was the NHL scoring leader in 1935–36 and 1936–37. He won two Stanley Cup championships with the Maple Leafs in 1941–42 and 1944–45. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1962.
Schriner was born in Saratov in the Russian Empire though his family emigrated to Calgary, Alberta when he was a month old. He was a natural athlete and in his youth played football and soccer competitively, but was especially fond of hockey and baseball. His hero growing up was a semi-professional baseball player by the name of Bob Sweeney. Schriner emulated Sweeney's playing style and as a result earned the nickname "L'il Sweeney" which was later shortened to just "Sweeney". Schriner preferred his nickname so much he would not respond to anyone who addressed him by his given name of David.

wn.com/Sweeney_Schriner
Tatar language
The Tatar language (татар теле, татарча, tatar tele, tatarça), or more specifically Kazan Tatar, is a Turkic language spoken by the Tatars of historical Kazan Khanate, including modern Tatarstan and Bashkortostan. It should not be confused with the Crimean Tatar language, to which it is remotely related.
Tatar is spoken in Russia (about 5.3 million people), Central Asia, Ukraine, Poland, China, Finland, Turkey and other countries.
Tatar is also native for some thousands of Maris. Mordva's Qaratay group also speak Tatar. 94% of ethnic Tatar claimed knowledge of Tatar language during the 2002 census.
File:Хальфин Азбука татарского языка 1778.pdf
Tatar, along with Russian, is the official language of the Republic of Tatarstan. The official script of Tatar language is based on the Cyrillic script with some additional letters. Sometimes other scripts are used, mostly Latin and Arabic. All official sources in Tatarstan use Cyrillic at their web-sites and publishing. In other cases, where Tatar has no official status, the use of a specific alphabet depends on the preference of the author. Guides in Tatarstan are published in two alphabets.

wn.com/Tatar_language
Tatars
Tatars (Tatar: Tatarlar / Татарлар, sometimes spelled Tartars) are a Turkic people, numbering around 7 million. The majority of Tatars live in the Russian Federation, with a population of 5.5 million, 2 million of which in the republic of Tatarstan, 1 million in the republic of Bashkortostan and other 2.5 million in different regions of Russia. Significant minority populations are found in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Ukraine.
The Tatars originated with the Tatar confederation in the north-eastern Gobi desert in the 5th century. After subjugation in the 9th century by the Khitans, they migrated southward. In the 13th century Mongol Empire, they were subjugated under Genghis Khan and reassigned once again particularly by his son Jochi. Under the leadership of his grandson Batu Khan, they moved westwards, forming part of the Golden Horde which dominated the Eurasian steppe during the 14th and 15th centuries. In Europe, they were assimilated by the local populations or their name spread to the conquered peoples: Kipchaks, Kimaks and others; and elsewhere with Uralic-speaking peoples, as well as with remnants of the ancient Greek colonies in the Crimea and Caucasians in the Caucasus.

wn.com/Tatars
Ukrainians
Ukrainians (Ukrainian: Українці, Ukrayintsi, [ukrɑˈjinʲtsʲi]) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens. According to some dictionary definitions, a descriptive name for the "inhabitants of Ukraine" is Ukrainian or Ukrainian people.Russians and Belarusians are considered the closest relatives of Ukrainians, while Rusyns are either considered another closely related group, or an ethnic subgroup of Ukrainians.
Ethnonym Ukrainians became widely accepted only in the 20th century, so modern Ukrainians identify their ancestry with differently named historical Slavic groups, who are often called Ukrainians too, in retrospect. The oldest recorded ethnonyms used for Ukrainian ancestors are Rusy, Rusyny, and Rusychi (from term Rus'). From the 9th to 12th centuries those names applied to the population of Kievan Rus', as the united state of Rusy is restrospectively called. Similar names were adopted by the proto-Russian and proto-Belarusian inhabitants of the northern principalities of Rus', reflecting the common origin of all those East Slavic peoples.

wn.com/Ukrainians
Valeriya
Valeriya (Russian: Валерия) is a stage name of Alla Yurievna Perfilova (Russian: Алла Юрьевна Перфилова, born April 17, 1968 in Atkarsk), a Russian singer.
Valeriya was born on the April 17, 1968 in a small town Atkarsk (Saratovsky region) in middle Russia in a family of classical musicians. She studied piano at the only musical school in the town where her father Yuri Ivanovich was a director and her mother Galina Nikolaevna was a teacher. Since her early childhood Valeriya knew that she wanted to be a singer.
In 1985 Valeriya left her hometown and moved to the capital of Russia. In Moscow she entered the most famous music academy in Russia - Gnesin Academy of Music - and successfully graduated from it in 1990. Among her teachers were People’s Artistes of Russia: professor Iosif Kobzon and Gelena Velikanova.
In 1989 Valeriya recorded her first album in English “The Taiga Symphony”. At the same time she recorded an album of traditional Russian romances “Pobud’ so mnoi” (“Stay with me”) which was released by “Olympia Disk” UK company.

wn.com/Valeriya
Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (Russian: Владимир Ильич Ленин; IPA: [vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr ɪlʲˈjitɕ ˈlʲenʲɪn] ( listen); 22 April [O.S. 10 April] 1870 – 21 January 1924) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary, intellectual and politician who led the October Revolution of 1917. As leader of the Bolsheviks, he headed the Soviet state during its initial years (1917–1924), as it fought to establish control of Russia in the Russian Civil War and worked to create a socialist economic system.
As a politician, Lenin was a persuasive and charismatic orator. As an intellectual his extensive theoretic and philosophical developments of Marxism produced Marxism–Leninism, a pragmatic Russian application of Marxism that emphasized the critical role played by a committed and disciplined political vanguard in the revolutionary process, while defending the possibility of a socialist revolution in less advanced capitalist countries through an alliance of the proletarians with the rural peasantry.
Lenin was born Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Russian: Владимир Ильич Ульянов) on 22 April [O.S. 10 April] 1870 in the town of Simbirsk in the Russian Empire. Simbirsk, a rural town on the River Volga nearly 1,500 miles from the capital Saint Petersburg, would be renamed upon Ulyanov's death fifty-four years later as "Ulyanovsk" in his honour. That same year, Saint Petersburg itself would be renamed Leningrad after Ulyanov's better-known cadre name.

wn.com/Vladimir_Lenin
Volga Germans
The Volga Germans (German: Wolgadeutsche or Russlanddeutsche, Russian: Поволжские немцы, Povolzhskie nemtsy) were ethnic Germans living along the River Volga in the region of southeastrn European Russia around Saratov and to the south. Recruited as immigrants to Russia in the 18th century, they were allowed to maintain German culture, language, traditions and churches: Lutherans, Reformed, Roman Catholics, and Mennonites (Russian Mennonites). In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many Volga Germans emigrated to the Midwestern United States, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and other countries.
Nazi Germany rose in part on a pan-German appeal, claiming interests in lands where ethnic Germans had been long settled. After the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941 during World War II, the Soviet government considered the Volga Germans potential collaborators and transported them wholesale to labour camps, where many died. After the war, it expelled some ethnic Germans to the West. In the late 1980s, many of the remaining ethnic Germans moved from the Soviet Union to Germany.

wn.com/Volga_Germans
Yuri Gagarin
Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin (Russian: Ю́рий Алексе́евич Гага́рин,Russian pronunciation: [ˈjurʲɪj ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ ɡɐˈɡarʲɪn]; 9 March 1934 – 27 March 1968) was a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut. He was the first human to journey into outer space, when his Vostok spacecraft completed an orbit of the Earth on 12 April 1961.
Gagarin became an international celebrity, and was awarded many medals and honours, including Hero of the Soviet Union, the nation's highest honour. Vostok 1 marked his only spaceflight, but he served as backup crew to the Soyuz 1 mission (which ended in a fatal crash). Gagarin later became deputy training director of the Cosmonaut Training Centre outside Moscow, which was later named after him. Gagarin died in 1968 when a MiG 15 training jet he was piloting crashed.
Yuri Gagarin was born in the village of Klushino near Gzhatsk (now in Smolensk Oblast, Russia), on 9 March 1934. The adjacent town of Gzhatsk was renamed Gagarin in 1968 in his honour. His parents, Alexey Ivanovich Gagarin and Anna Timofeyevna Gagarina, worked on a collective farm. While manual labourers are described in official reports as "peasants", his mother was reportedly a voracious reader, and his father a skilled carpenter. Yuri was the third of four children, and his elder sister helped raise him while his parents worked. Like millions of people in the Soviet Union, the Gagarin family suffered during Nazi occupation in World War II. After a German officer took over their house, the family constructed a small mud hut where they spent a year and nine months until the end of the occupation. His two older siblings were deported to Nazi Germany for slave labour in 1943, and did not return until after the war. In 1946, the family moved to Gzhatsk.

wn.com/Yuri_Gagarin

Saratov ( Саратов )

Saratov is the Capital of Saratov Oblast located in the Volga region, a considerable road ...

published: 22 Jun 2011

author: RussianDefender100

Saratov city

Video about Saratov...

published: 12 Aug 2011

author: aieseclcsaratov

Saratov Sites 1st Month

...

published: 15 Mar 2010

author: msqueeg

SarAvia Yak-42D - Landing Rwy 12 at Saratov Tsentralny Airport (RTW), Russia

Landing on Rwy 12 of Saratov Tsentralny Airport (RTW/UWSS) on-board Yakovlev Yak-42D, regi...

published: 09 Oct 2010

author: Chefsalat76

March of the Saratov Regiment

Russian soldiers on military parade ! Music: March of the 108th Saratov Infantry Regiment ...

published: 17 Dec 2009

author: Winnie9212

Fans Tokio Hotel of Saratov (Part №2)

Saratov's FanClub Tokio Hotel Worldwide Tokio Hotel Day (16.04.2011) vkontakte.ru Music: V...

published: 17 Apr 2011

author: FansTHofSaratov

Volsk, Saratov Oblast

Driving experience on one of the main streets along the Volga in Volsk, Saratov Oblast (re...

published: 23 Oct 2010

author: Fred Aubert

Trams of Saratov, Russia.

you wont see progress anywhere in the tram system (except moscow and some parts of st pete...

published: 15 May 2009

author: timosha21

Saratov 2009 Vesna

...

published: 29 Mar 2009

author: LightTiVi

Yulduz Usmonova Saratov 2011

Www.UzFilms.Tv...

published: 11 Oct 2011

author: UzbMp3

True Workout(DSW)Saratov

vk.com www.facebook.com Music: The Flashbulb -- Undiscovered Colors...

published: 14 Oct 2012

author: AzatGW

Cooh & Dereck @ Akvarel Saratov, Russia

Saratov Akvadrum Community presents ATOM STEP: DJ COOH (BG) & DJ DERECK (RUS, Moscow). Eve...

published: 09 Feb 2009

author: djnortondnb

Iws Crusher in Saratov

Footbag Meeting...

published: 14 Mar 2012

author: Vladislav Samoshchenko

TEAMKA | Hip hop iDANCE battle FINAL | Saratov Russia 2012

vk.com | twitter.com www.facebook.com Хип Хоп TEAMKA-2012 Саратов...

published: 08 Oct 2012

author: 164den

<li class="playlistitemli thumbnail border_color">
        <div class="video_facebook">
            <a href="http://web.archive.org./web/20130105130322/http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http://wn.com/saratov&t=<%= title %>" title="Share this video" data-title="Share this video" target="_blank" style="target-name: new; target-new: tab;"></a>
        </div>

photo: AP / Juan Karita

File - Argentina's President Cristina Fernandez, front, gestures during a ceremony honoring Bolivia's Independence heroines in Cochabamba, Bolivia, Wednesday, July 18, 2012.

Argentina reasserts claim over Falklands

Al Jazeera

04 Jan 2013

Argentine President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner has released a public letter urging the United Kingdom to relinquish its control over the disputed Falkland Islands. ... The veterans delivered a letter addressed to the British Ambassador in Argentina, John Freeman, criticising the British government for refusing to discuss the sovereignty of the islands with the Argentine government ... 508 Source .. Al Jazeera and agencies. Share....(size: 19.6Kb)

photo: WN / Imran Nissar

Youth Brigade of Kashmir carry out a protest demonstration in Srinagar, India, on Monday 24, December 2012. As solidarity with Delhi gang-rape case. The protesters were demanding action against people involved in rape incidents across the country.

Indian gang rape: suspects to appear in court

The Daily Telegraph

03 Jan 2013

A gang of men accused of repeatedly raping a 23-year-old student on a moving bus in New Delhi in a deadly crime that repulsed the nation are to appear in court today for the first time. A British tourist join others in a candlelight vigil to mourn the death of a gang rape victim, in Kolkata, India Photo. AP. 3.52AM GMT 03 Jan 2013 ... Police have ordered a bone test to determine his age and whether he can stand trial in an adult court....(size: 11.3Kb)

photo: US Navy / HMC Josh Ives

U.S. Army Lt. Col. Mark Martin, right, civil affairs team lead for Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) Farah, shakes hands and laughs with Mawlawi Guhlam M. Ruhaani, director of Hajj and Endowment, at the conclusion of a key leader engagement in Farah City, Dec. 29, 2012.

US working hard to have support for Afghan reconciliation

Zeenews

03 Jan 2013

Washington. Aiming to get cooperation through dialogue, the US said that it is working hard to create an environment within Afghanistan and also in the region to have support for Afghan-Afghan reconciliation ... Responding to questions, Nuland said the US supports an Afghan-led process of reconciliation ... Saying that Pakistan needs to engage with Afghanistan directly, Nuland said the US supports dialogue between the two ... PTI ... First Published....(size: 2.3Kb)

photo: AP / Mohammad Hannon

A Syrian refugee speaks to his family through a hole in their tent in Zaatari Syrian refugee camp, near the Syrian border in Mafraq, Jordan, Tuesday, Dec. 25, 2012.

UN lifts Syria death toll over 60,000

NZ Herald

02 Jan 2013

The United Nations has estimated that more than 60,000 people have been killed in Syria's 21-month-old uprising against authoritarian rule, a toll one-third higher than what anti-regime activists had counted. The UN human rights chief called the toll "truly shocking". Opposition activist groups had been estimating the death toll at more than 45,000 and this was the first time that the UN estimate was higher ... 30, 2012 ... - AP. ....(size: 6.3Kb)

photo: AP / Yadana Htun

Kachin refugees wait for rations by Kachin Independence Army at Je Yang IDP camp, the biggest and closest camp to Laiza, northern Myanmar, Friday, Jan. 4, 2013.

Myanmar Refugees Fearful After Fighting Escalates

The New York Times

04 Jan 2013

LAIZA, Myanmar (AP) — Ethnic Kachins living in makeshift camps in Myanmar described their terror at the army's use of air power during fighting with Kachin rebels seeking more autonomy as the government said Friday that it has exercised maximum restraint. Connect With Us on Twitter. Follow @nytimesworld for international breaking news and headlines. Twitter List. Reporters and Editors ... Are We Becoming Cyborgs?. IHT Magazine ...   ... ....(size: 10.1Kb)

timeline:
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001

Nine Killed, Two Injured in Road Accidents in Russia

Novosti

03 Jan 2013

SARATOV, January 3 (RIA Novosti) – Nine people were killed and two others were injured in two separate road accidents in Russia, the regional emergencies centers and police reported on Thursday....(size: 1.2Kb)

Richard Jolly puts all on hold for Alcohol

The Daily Telegraph Australia

31 Dec 2012

RICHARD Jolly didn't expect to see the New Year in last night but he is hoping to have a celebratory drink after Alcohol competes at Flemington today ... This time of year carries special memories for Jolly - he celebrates his 40th birthday on Friday - as he won his only Group 1 race as a rider on January 2, 1989 on Saratov in the Perth Cup (3200m) ... Saturday. It proved to be his last ride for the McEvoy/Mitchell Racing Team ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)

Russia sends ships to Syria

News24

30 Dec 2012

Moscow - A Russian warship carrying a marines unit has left its Black Sea port for Syria amid preparations for a possible evacuation of nationals living and working in the strife-torn country, news reports said on Sunday ... The military source said the Novocherkassk would arrive at Tartus within the first 10 days of January. The Novocherkassk and another landing ship called Saratov both made a rare port call to Tartus in late November ... >....(size: 25.8Kb)

Natural gas to arrive in last non-gasified area of Rostov Region tomorrow (OAO Gazprom)

noodls

29 Dec 2012

(Source. OAO Gazprom). The Gazprom headquarters hosted today a working meeting between Alexey Miller, Chairman of the Company's Management Committee and Vasily Golubev, Governor of the Rostov Region ... The average gasification level in Russia stands at 63.2 per cent ... the Nizhny Novgorod, Penza, Saratov, Volgograd, Voronezh, Rostov Regions, the Republic of Mordovia and the Krasnodar Territory ... (noodl....(size: 4.6Kb)

Gazprom Starts Construction of Southern Corridor Section

Novosti

28 Dec 2012

The system’s total length will be 2,506 kilometers with annual capacity of 63 billion cubic meters ... Nizhny Novgorod, Penza, Saratov, Volgograd, Voronezh and Rostov Regions; the Republic of Mordovia; and Krasnodar Territory ... ....(size: 1.2Kb)

Gazprom pushes ahead with South Stream (OAO Gazprom)

noodls

21 Dec 2012

(Source. OAO Gazprom). The Gazprom Board of Directors discussed the progress with the South Stream project ... The South Stream onshore section construction in Europe is to start in Bulgaria in June 2013 ... the Nizhny Novgorod Region, the Republic of Mordovia, the Penza Region, the Saratov Region, the Volgograd Region, the Voronezh Region, the Rostov Region and the Krasnodar Territory ... distributed by ... (noodl....(size: 7.2Kb)

Joint extended meeting of the United Russia party’s Supreme Council and General Council (Government of the Russian Federation)

noodls

20 Dec 2012

(Source. Government of the Russian Federation). Joint extended meeting of the United Russia party's Supreme Council and General Council. Dmitry Medvedev's opening remarks at the meeting with moderators of discussion venues and representatives of intraparty platforms ... We recorded the most impressive success in the Saratov Region Duma elections and the elections to the legislative assemblies of the Krasnodar Territory and the Penza Region....(size: 32.5Kb)

The first gas turbine plant manufactured in Perm is shipped to «South Stream» gas pipeline (OAO Permskiye motory)

noodls

19 Dec 2012

(Source. OAO Permskiye motory) 18.12.2012 ... All together four GTU-12P plants are scheduled for delivery to «Kubanskaya» compressor station ... Oleg Korolev, Commercial Director of OJSC «Perm Engine Company». ... As reference (according to OJSC «Gazprom»). ... the Nizhny Novgorod Region, the Penza Region, the Saratov Region, the Volgograd Region, the Voronezh Region, the Rostov Region, the Republic of Mordovia, the Krasnodar Teriitory ... (noodl....(size: 4.2Kb)

Great bustards' droppings studied to aid conservation

BBC News

18 Dec 2012

Scientists are studying the droppings of great bustards with the aim of boosting their survival in a conservation project in the UK ... The researchers have been examining the droppings of the released birds to monitor what they prefer eating ... The reintroduction project has been regularly rearing chicks imported from Saratov, Russia, and releasing them once they are fully fledged at a secret location on Salisbury Plain ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)

Moscow Domodedovo Airport announced most punctual airlines in November, 2012 (OAO International Airport Domodedovo)

noodls

18 Dec 2012

(Source. OAO International Airport Domodedovo). 17.12.2012. The traditional monthly contest of punctuality determined the best airlines in eight different categories (depending on the flights frequency and the passenger traffic). The winners of November ... UTair won in the second category and operated 157 flights without delays. Saratov Airlines headed the third category of the contest, and had 118 on-time flights ... distributed by ... (noodl....(size: 2.9Kb)

Uzbek Computerization and Information Technologies Developing Center (UZINFOCOM) Adopts IceWarp to Provide Messaging Services in ...

Yahoo Daily News

18 Dec 2012

Russia (Moscow, Saint-Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Rostov-on-Don, Samara, Ufa, Khabarovsk, Novosibirsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Krasnoyarsk, Omsk, Chelyabinsk, Perm, Krasnodar, Vladivostok, Irkutsk, Kaliningrad, Volgograd, Saratov, Barnaul, Izhevsk, Tyumen, Arkhangelsk, Kemerovo, Orenburg, Voronezh, Tomsk, Ulyanovsk, Yaroslavl, Surgut, Penza, ......(size: 7.1Kb)

Bank of Russia Deposit Operations (Central Bank of Russia)

noodls

18 Dec 2012

Petersburg 11 13 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 South Federal District* 22 24 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 26 26 26 Republic of Adigei (Adigeya) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Republic of Kalmykia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Krasnodar Territory 4 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 Astrakhan Region 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Volgograd Region 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 ......(size: 66.0Kb)

Required Reserves (Reserve Requirements) of the Bank of Russia (Central Bank of Russia)

noodls

18 Dec 2012

Petersburg 19 26 33 32 33 33 24 20 51.3 23 59.0 South Federal District* 24 51 73 81 90 44 38 34 75.6 36 78.3 Republic of Adigei (Adigeya) 1 4 4 5 5 5 4 100.0 4 100.0 Republic of Kalmykia 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 100.0 2 100.0 Krasnodar Territory 5 11 13 13 13 14 13 13 92.9 14 93.3 Astrakhan Region 1 2 2 3 3 2 2 1 20.0 3 60.0 Volgograd Region 2 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 ......(size: 67.1Kb)

timeline:
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001

For other uses of "Saratov", see Saratov (disambiguation).

Saratov (English) Саратов (Russian)
- City^{[citation needed]} -

Location of Saratov Oblast in Russia
Saratov
Coordinates: 51°32′N 46°01′E / 51.533°N 46.017°E / 51.533; 46.017Coordinates: 51°32′N 46°01′E / 51.533°N 46.017°E / 51.533; 46.017

Coat of arms	Flag
Administrative status
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Saratov Oblast
Administrative center of	Saratov Oblast^{[citation needed]}
Municipal status
Urban okrug	Saratov Urban Okrug^{[citation needed]}
Mayor^{[citation needed]}	Alexey Prokopenko^[1]
Representative body	City Duma^[2]
Statistics
Area	393 km² (152 sq mi)^{[citation needed]}
Population (2010 Census, preliminary)	837,831 inhabitants^[3]
- Rank in 2010	16th
Population (2002 Census)	873,055 inhabitants^[4]
- Rank in 2002	15th
Density	2,132 /km² (5,520 /sq mi)^[5]
Time zone	MSK (UTC+04:00)^[6]
Founded	1590^{[citation needed]}
Postal code(s)	410000^{[citation needed]}
Dialing code(s)	+7 +7 8452^{[citation needed]}
Official website

Saratov (Russian: Сара́тов; IPA: [sɐˈratəf] ( listen)) is a major city in southern Russia. It is the administrative center of Saratov Oblast and a major port on the Volga River. Population: 837,831 (2010 Census preliminary results);^[3] 873,055 (2002 Census);^[4] 904,643 (1989 Census).^[7] In addition to ethnic Russians, the city also has many Tatar, Ukrainian, Jewish, and German residents.

1 History
2 German community
3 Climate
4 Modern Saratov
- 4.1 Places of interest, art, and culture
- 4.2 Sports
5 Twin cities
6 Notable people
7 References
8 External links

History [link]

Ukek, a city of the Golden Horde, was situated near the site of the modern city of Saratov from the mid 13th century until its destruction in 1395.

The modern city was founded in 1590. It traces its history to the reign of Tsar Feodor Ivanovich, who constructed several settlements along the Volga River in order to secure the southeastern boundary of his state. During the summer of 1586, the fortress of Samara was founded, followed by Tsaritsyn in 1589 and finally Saratov, located midway between Samara and Tsaritsyn, in 1590. Saratov was built at the insistence of count Grigory Zasekin. All three forts were located in a region where the Volga and the Don flow nearest one another, which allowed the Duchy of Moscovy to secure both rivers and to ensure control over the recently annexed khanates of Kazan and Astrakhan in the years following the Livonian War. The future town's buildings were first constructed in the upper reaches of the Volga, a full year prior to the in situ foundation of Saratov. In the spring of 1590, workers disassembled the constructions, marked each log, and delivered the "town" to its destination via the river. This method allowed the buildings to be rapidly erected in just a few weeks.

The name Saratov may derive from the Turkic words Saryk Atov, which mean ‘hawks' island’. Another version of the name origin is Sary Tau (Сары Тау), meaning "yellow mountain" in the Tatar language.^{[citation needed]}

By the 1800s, Saratov had grown to be an important shipping port on the Volga. The Ryazan-Ural Railroad reached Saratov in 1870.^[8] In 1896 (26 years later), the line crossed the Volga and continued its eastward expansion. A unique train-ferry, owned by the Ryazan-Ural railroad, provided the connection across the river between the two parts of the railroad for 39 years, before the construction of a railway bridge in 1935.

During World War II, Saratov was a station on the North-South Volzhskaya Rokada, a specially designated military railroad providing troops, ammunition and supplies to Stalingrad.^[9]

Until the end of the Soviet Union in 1991, Saratov was designated a "closed city", that is, strictly off limits to all foreigners due to its military importance. This was due to the presence of a vital military aircraft manufacturing facility in the city.

German community [link]

Saratov is an important city in the history of the Volga Germans. Until 1941, the town of Pokrovsk, today Engels, located just across the Volga from Saratov, served as the capital of the Volga German Republic. The ethnic German population of the region numbered 800,000 in the early 20th century, with some people whose families had been there for generations. The Russian czars had invited German immigration in the 18th and 19th centuries to encourage agricultural development in the area.

Saratov Bridge across the Volga, formerly the longest in the Soviet Union

The Volga German community came to include industrialists, scientists, musicians and architects, including those who built Saratov's universities and conservatories. After the German invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II, the government forcibly expelled more than half of all Volga Germans to Uzbekistan, Siberia and Kazakhstan; few ever returned to the Volga region, even after rehabilitation. Others were expelled to western Europe after the end of the war.

Beginning in the 1980s, a large portion of the surviving members of the ethnic Germans emigrated from the Soviet Union to Germany. Reminders of the once prominent place of Germans in the city remain, with the Roman Catholic St. Klementy Cathedral (seat of the historic Diocese of Tiraspol) on Nemetskaya Street the most notable. The building was converted into the children's cinema "Pioneer" during the Soviet period.

Climate [link]

Saratov has moderately continental climate with warm and dry summers and an abundance of sunny days. The warmest month is July with daily mean temperature near +23 °C (73 °F), coldest - February −8 °C (18 °F).

Summers are hot and dry in Saratov. Daytime temperatures of 30 °C (86 °F) or higher are commonplace.

Snow and ice are dominant during the winter season. Saratov receives about 92 centimetres (36 in) of snowfall annually. Days well above freezing and nights below −25 °C (−13 °F) both occur in the winter.

Climate data for Saratov
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	8.1 (46.6)	8.4 (47.1)	17.7 (63.9)	31.1 (88.0)	34.0 (93.2)	39.2 (102.6)	40.8 (105.4)	40.7 (105.3)	36.7 (98.1)	25.5 (77.9)	15.8 (60.4)	11.7 (53.1)	40.8 (105.4)
Average high °C (°F)	−4.5 (23.9)	−4.4 (24.1)	1.5 (34.7)	13.7 (56.7)	21.7 (71.1)	26.4 (79.5)	28.4 (83.1)	26.9 (80.4)	20.2 (68.4)	11.5 (52.7)	1.9 (35.4)	−3.3 (26.1)	11.7 (53.1)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−7.5 (18.5)	−7.9 (17.8)	−2.3 (27.9)	8.3 (46.9)	15.8 (60.4)	20.5 (68.9)	22.7 (72.9)	20.9 (69.6)	14.5 (58.1)	7.2 (45.0)	−0.8 (30.6)	−6.1 (21.0)	7.1 (44.8)
Average low °C (°F)	−10.3 (13.5)	−10.8 (12.6)	−5.4 (22.3)	4.0 (39.2)	10.7 (51.3)	15.5 (59.9)	17.7 (63.9)	15.9 (60.6)	10.1 (50.2)	3.9 (39.0)	−3 (26.6)	−8.7 (16.3)	3.3 (37.9)
Record low °C (°F)	−37.3 (−35.1)	−34.8 (−30.6)	−26.8 (−16.2)	−17.8 (0.0)	−3.8 (25.2)	2.2 (36.0)	6.4 (43.5)	4.3 (39.7)	−2.9 (26.8)	−12.6 (9.3)	−23.8 (−10.8)	−33.4 (−28.1)	−37.3 (−35.1)
Precipitation mm (inches)	39 (1.54)	32 (1.26)	30 (1.18)	29 (1.14)	39 (1.54)	46 (1.81)	48 (1.89)	33 (1.3)	47 (1.85)	35 (1.38)	43 (1.69)	39 (1.54)	460 (18.11)
% humidity	84	81	78	64	55	59	59	59	64	74	84	84	70
Avg. rainy days	6	5	7	12	14	15	14	12	13	14	12	8	132
Avg. snowy days	23	20	14	3	1	0	0	0	0	3	14	22	100
Mean monthly sunshine hours	55.8	81.2	139.5	219.0	279.0	309.0	319.3	272.8	153.0	114.7	60.0	49.6	2,052.9
Source no. 1: Pogoda.ru.net^[10]
Source no. 2: Hong Kong Observatory ^[11]

Modern Saratov [link]

The Saratov region is highly industrialized, due in part to the rich in natural and industrial resources of the area. The region is also one of the more important and largest cultural and scientific centres in Russia. Saratov possesses six institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 21 research institutes, 19 project institutes, as well as the Saratov State University, the Saratov State Socio-Economic University, the Saratov State Technical University, and many scientific and technological laboratories attached to some of the city's large industrial enterprises.

Saratov is served by Saratov Tsentralny Airport, and also hosts the general aviation airfield Saratov West. The aerospace manufacturing industry is served by the Saratov South airport. Nearby Engels Air Force Base is the main base for Russian strategic Tu-95 and Tu-160 bombers .

Places of interest, art, and culture [link]

One of the city's most prominent landmarks is the 19th century neo-Gothic Conservatory. When it was built in 1912, the Conservatory was Russia's third such institution (after Moscow and St. Petersburg). At the time, Saratov, with a population of 240,000, was the third-largest city in Russia.

The Saratov Drama Theater

The Saratov Drama Theater was founded in 1802, making it one of Russia's oldest. It is ranked as one of Russia's National Theaters. In Soviet times, the theater was renamed in honor of Karl Marx, but now carries the name of Ivan Slonov (1882–1945), an actor, theatrical director and educator, born in the city. The full name in Russian is The I. A. Slonov Saratov State Academic Theater (Саратовский государственный академический театр драмы имени И. А. Слонова).

The Radischev Art Museum

Saratov is noted for several art museums, including the Radischev Art Museum, named for Alexander Radishchev. It contains more than 20,000 exhibits, including ancient Russian icons, as well as works by some of the finest Russian painters (e.g. Aleksandra Ekster, Pavel Kuznetsov, Aristarkh Lentulov, Robert Falk, Pyotr Konchalovsky, Martiros Saryan, Fyodor Rokotov).

Sports [link]

PFC Sokol is based in the city and plays in the Russian Second Division. Saratov also fields a basketball team, Avtodor, and an ice hockey team Kristall Saratov, who play in the Russian Major League. The Saratov bandy club Universal^[12] plays in the 2nd highest division.

Notable people [link]

Church in downtown Saratov

The Saratov region was the birthplace or at some point hometown of:

Philanthropist Alexander Dubitsky
Politician Pyotr Stolypin
Geneticist and Biologist Nikolai Vavilov died of starvation under Stalin in a Saratov jail about 1943
painter Mikhail Vrubel
Aircraft designer Oleg Antonov
Writer Mikhail Bulgakov
Sisters of Vladimir Lenin
Philosopher Nikolai Chernyshevsky
Architect Fyodor Shekhtel
Chemist Nikolai Zinin
Geometrician Jean-Victor Poncelet
Writer Konstantin Fedin
Painter Viktor Borisov-Musatov
poet Gavrila Derzhavin
home of chess player Natalia Pogonina
composers Alfred Schnittke and Leonid Sobinov
writer Aleksandr Radishchev
writer Lev Kassil
painter Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin
painter Pavel Kuznetsov
chemist Nikolay Semyonov (Nobel Prize Winner)
painter and creator of Radishchevskiy Museum in Saratov Aleksey Bogolyubov
actor Oleg Tabakov
actor Oleg Yankovskiy
actor Boris Andreyev
actor Alexander Mikhailov
actor, director Boris Babochkin
Russian folk singer Lidiya Ruslanova
Pop Singer with Serebro - Anastasia Karpova
Pop singer Valeriya
Pop band Kombinaciya
cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin the first man in space trained in Saratov and landed nearby.
hockey player Andrei Lulin
poet Rachel Bluwstein
billionaire businessman Roman Abramovich
writer Konstantin Paustovsky
politician and writer Eduard Limonov
Herwarth Walden, German expressionist artist, publicist and gallerist, fled 1933 from Nazi Germany to the Soviet Union and died in 1941 as a political prisoner in Saratov.
Gottlieb Nathaniel Bonwetsch, German Protestant theologian, born on Norka near Saratov^[13]
ice hockey player Sweeney Schriner, member of the Hockey Hall of Fame

References [link]

^ [1]
^ [2]
^ ^a ^b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Предварительные итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
^ ^a ^b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
^ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)" (in Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
^ Тамбовско-Саратовская линия (in Russian)
^ «Волжская рокада». Линия Иловля - Саратов - Сызрань - Ульяновск - Свияжск (in Russian)
^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/34171.htm. Retrieved September 8, 2007.
^ Climatological Norms of Saratov [3]. Retrieved on: August 24, 2011.
^ http://bandysaratov.ucoz.ru/
^ Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz (1975). Bautz, Friedrich Wilhelm. ed (in German). Bonwetsch, Nathanael. Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). 1. Hamm. cols. 698–699. ISBN 3-88309-013-1. http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/b/bonwetsch_n.shtml.

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Saratov

v t e Cities and towns in Saratov Oblast

Administrative center: Saratov

	Arkadak Atkarsk Balakovo Balashov Engels Kalininsk Khvalynsk Krasnoarmeysk Krasny Kut Marks Novouzensk Petrovsk Pugachyov Rtishchevo Shikhany Volsk Yershov

vep:Saratov

http://wn.com/Saratov

http://de.wn.com/Saratow

http://es.wn.com/Sarátov

http://ru.wn.com/Саратов

http://cs.wn.com/Saratov

http://pt.wn.com/Saratov

http://pl.wn.com/Saratów

http://it.wn.com/Saratov

http://id.wn.com/Saratov

http://nl.wn.com/Saratov

http://fr.wn.com/Saratov

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saratov

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

This article is outdated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Please see the talk page for more information. (November 2010)

Tokio Hotel
Tokio Hotel, 2010. L-R: Georg Listing, Bill Kaulitz, Tom Kaulitz, and Gustav Schäfer
Background information
Origin	Magdeburg, Germany
Genres	Pop rock,^[1]^[2] alternative rock,^[3] emo,^[4] glam rock,^[5] power pop,^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]
Years active	2001–present
Labels	Universal Music Germany, Cherrytree, Interscope
Website	www.tokiohotel.com
Members
Bill Kaulitz Tom Kaulitz Georg Listing Gustav Schäfer

Tokio Hotel is a rock band from Germany, founded in 2001 by singer Bill Kaulitz, guitarist Tom Kaulitz, drummer Gustav Schäfer and bassist Georg Listing.^[10] The quartet have scored four number one singles and have released three number one albums in their native country, selling nearly 5 million CDs and DVDs there.^[11] After recording an unreleased demo-CD under the name "Devilish" and having their contract with Sony BMG Germany terminated, the band released their first German-language album, Schrei, as Tokio Hotel on Universal Music Germany in 2005. Schrei sold more than half a million copies worldwide^[12] and spawned four top five singles in both Germany and Austria. In 2007, the band released their second German album Zimmer 483 and their first English album Scream which have combined album sales of over one million copies worldwide and helped win the band their first MTV Europe Music Award for Best InterAct. The former, Zimmer 483, spawned three top five singles in Germany while the latter, Scream, spawned two singles that reached the top twenty in new territories such as France, Portugal, Spain and Italy. In September 2008, they won in the US their first MTV Video Music Award (VMA) for Best New Artist. In October 2008, they won four awards including Best International Artist and Song of the year at Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica (MTV Video Music Awards Latin America) held in Mexico. Tokio Hotel became the first German band ever to win an award at the MTV VMAs and also at the MTV Latin America Awards. They also picked up the Headliner award at the MTV Europe Music Awards 2008 held in Liverpool on November 6, 2008 and the Award for Best Group on November 5, 2009 at the MTV Europe Music Award (EMA) held in Berlin. They won an Award for Best World Stage Performance on November 7, 2010 at the MTV Europe Music Awards in Madrid. In July 2011, they became the first German band to win an MTV Video Music Awards Japan (VMAJ). And won MTV's 2012 Musical March Madness.

1 History
2 Band members
3 Discography
4 Awards
5 References
6 External links

History [link]

[edit] Formation (2001 - 2004)

Tokio Hotel by vocalist Bill Kaulitz and guitarist Tom Kaulitz, who are identical twin brothers, drummer Gustav Schäfer and bass-guitarist Georg Listing. The four met in 2001 after a live show in a Magdeburg-Club, where Listing and Schäfer, who knew each other from music school, watched from the audience while Bill and Tom Kaulitz played on the stage.^[13]^[14] Under the name Devilish, the band soon began playing in talent shows and small concerts.^[15] After Bill Kaulitz's participation in a children's Star Search in 2003 at age thirteen (which he lost in the quarter-final), he was discovered by music producer Peter Hoffmann. Devilish changed their name to Tokio Hotel: "Tokio", the German spelling of the Japanese city Tokyo, due to a love of the city, and "Hotel" due to their constant touring and living in hotels.^[13] Soon after Sony BMG took them under contract, Hoffmann hired David Jost and Pat Benzner into the team of creators and authors, and had them give the teens instruction on songwriting and instrument playing; most of the songs of the first album were written by Hoffmann, Jost and Benzer (including the singles "Scream" and "Rescue me" which were completely written by them), only the single "Unendlichkeit" was written completely by Tokio Hotel themselves. Shortly before release of their first album, Sony terminated their contract. The band is now one of the biggest modern acts from Germany and the biggest in 20 years.

[edit] Schrei (2005 - 2006)

Bill Kaulitz performing in Hessisch-Lichtenau, Germany in 2006.

In 2005, Universal Music Group took Tokio Hotel under contract and developed a marketing plan. Their first single, "Durch den Monsun" ("Through the Monsoon"), quickly rose in the charts, appearing on the German official Media Control single chart at #15 on August 20, 2005 and eventually reaching #1 on August 26, 2005; it also reached #1 on the Austrian singles chart. Their second single, "Schrei" ("Scream"), climbed to the #5 position in the German charts. These two songs were written by singer Bill Kaulitz together with their group of producers Peter Hoffmann, David Jost, Pat Benzer and Dave Roth. Their debut album, Schrei, was released on September 19, 2005, and was certified triple gold by the BVMI in 2006 for selling over 300,000 copies in Germany.^[16] In 2006, a third and fourth single, "Rette mich" ("Rescue Me") and "Der letzte Tag" ("The Final Day"), were released; both reached #1 as well. "Der letzte Tag" contained a B-side called "Wir schließen uns ein", which was also accompanied by a music video.

[edit] Zimmer 483 (2007 - 2008)

The first single off their second album Zimmer 483 (Room 483), called "Übers Ende der Welt" (later re-released in English under the name "Ready, Set, Go!"), was released on January 26, 2007 and quickly reached #1 in Germany and Austria, and #2 in France. Zimmer 483 was released in Germany on February 23, 2007, along with a deluxe edition of the album containing a DVD. The album's second single, "Spring nicht" ("Don't Jump") was released on April 7. The tour accompanying the release of the album, The Zimmer 483 Tour, was scheduled to start in March 2007, but was delayed by two weeks because the band members wished to have a different stage design. A third single, "An deiner Seite (Ich bin da)" ("By Your Side"), was released on November 16. The single contains the B-side "1000 Meere" ("1000 Oceans"), for which a music video was also produced. On April 28, 2008 Tokio Hotel released their single "Heilig" but no music video for the single was released, because of the tight schedule they had.

[edit] Scream (2007 - 2008)

Tokio Hotel's first English language album, Scream, was released on June 4, 2007 throughout Europe. In Germany, the album was released as Room 483 in order to emphasize the continuity with their last German album Zimmer 483. Scream contains English versions of a selection of songs from their German-language albums Scream and Zimmer 483. "Monsoon", the English-language version of "Durch den Monsun", was the first single from the album. "Ready, Set, Go!" (the translation of "Übers Ende der Welt") was released as the album's second single and "Don't Jump" (the translation of "Spring nicht") as the third single. A video for "Scream", the English-language version of their 2005 hit "Schrei", was also recorded, and was released to the iTunes Store in early March 2008.

Tokio Hotel gave their first concert in the United Kingdom on June 19, 2007. "Ready, Set, Go!" was released in the UK as the band's first single on August 27, 2007. The song reached #77 in the UK Singles Chart.

Tokio Hotel won an MTV Europe Music Award for Best InterAct on November 1, 2007 and were also nominated for Best Band. They performed "Monsoon" at the event.

Tokio Hotel released their first US single, simply called "Tokio Hotel", in late 2007. The single contains the tracks "Scream" and "Ready, Set, Go!", and was available exclusively at Hot Topic stores. Their second US single, "Scream America", was released on December 11, 2007. The single contains the track "Scream" and a remix of "Ready, Set, Go!" by AFI's Jade Puget. In February 2008, the band toured North America for five dates starting in Canada and finishing up in New York.^[17] After appearing and performing live on MuchMusic, while touring in Canada, "Ready, Set, Go!" entered the MuchOnDemand Daily 10, a countdown of videos chosen by viewers. It remained there for over a week, then returned to the top of the MOD Daily 10 chart on April 8. "Scream" was released in Canada on March 25 and in the US on May 6. The "1000 Hotels" European Tour began on March 3, 2008 in Brussels and continued to locations including The Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Scandinavia, and was scheduled to finish on April 9; during the concert in Marseille, France on March 14, Bill started to experience vocal problems.^[18] He let the audience sing more frequently than normal and instead of the original 21 songs that were on the set list, they only played 16 songs. Bill apologized, in German, for his bad singing and explained that he was sick. Two days later, the band canceled Lisbon, Portugal concert minutes before it was supposed to commence. The rest of the "1000 Hotels" Tour and a scheduled North American Tour were cancelled following an announcement in Bild by the band's manager that Bill Kaulitz had to undergo surgery to remove a cyst on his vocal cords.^[19]^[20]

Bill Kaulitz had been putting strain on his voice after playing 43 concerts in the 1000 Hotels tour without vacation.^[21] He had to undergo Larynx surgery on March 30 to remove a cyst that had formed on his vocal cords.^[22] The cyst was the result of a throat infection that went untreated.^[23] Following his surgery, Bill was unable to speak for twelve days, and had four weeks of vocal rehabilitation.^[24] If Bill had continued singing the rest of the tour, his voice would have eventually been permanently damaged.^[18]^[25] Tokio Hotel started performing again in May 2008^[26] and after that they embarked on a 2nd part of their 1000 Hotels European Tour adding many Open Air concerts and wrapping up the tour on July 13 in Werchter, Belgium.

[edit] North American Tours and Humanoid (2009 - 2010)

This section is outdated. Please update this section to reflect recent events or newly available information. Please see the talk page for more information. (November 2010)

Tokio Hotel embarked on a second tour of North America in August 2008, which included a performance at the Bamboozled festival in New Jersey. The band's music video for "Ready Set Go!" was nominated for Best Pop Video at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards,^[27] where they also won the award for Best New Artist.^[28] They returned to North America again in October 2008 for a month long tour of concerts and record store signings. In December 2008, a behind-the scenes DVD called Tokio Hotel TV – Caught on Camera was released. It contains footage from Tokio Hotel TV and backstage feature stories of the previous year on disc one entitled "History – The very best of Tokio Hotel TV!". A deluxe edition contains a second disc entitled "Future – The road to the new Album!" which features footage of the band on promotion tours and preparing for their third studio album.^[29]

In between the North American tours, the band returned to their record studio in Hamburg to record their third studio album, Humanoid, which, according to their producer David Jost, is currently set for release on October 2 in Germany & October 6, 2009 in the U.S.^[30]^[31]^[32] This is despite earlier statements predicting a March/April 2009 release or a May/June 2009 release.^[33]^[34]^[35] The album was recorded in both German and English with both versions were released simultaneously worldwide.^[34]^[35]

On August 10, it was announced on MTV news that the first German single would be "Automatisch" and its English counterpart, "Automatic", would also be released as a first single in the United States. On August 20, MTV Buzzworthy released a video which previewed "Automatic" and Cherrytree Records announced that the English version of the song would be released in the US on September 22.^[36]^[37] Nevertheless, the video for the single was released on September 3.

On November 2, it was announced on Tom's Blog that the second English single would be "World Behind My Wall" and its German counterpart, "Lass uns laufen", would be the second German single.^[38] The music videos for both versions were released on December 14 and December 15.

On June 24, the live music video for their single, "Dark Side of the Sun" was released on the band website.

On July 20, 2010 they released their second live album Humanoid City Live from Milan, Italy On November 22, 2010, their new song "Hurricanes and Suns," premiered on the Greek radio station Mad Radio. It was included in the bonus track on all versions of "Tokio Hotel: Best Of," a compilation album of their most successful songs. As well as the single for the 'Best of' release. The album will also include "Mädchen aus dem All", the first song the band recorded in a studio.

On December 14, 2010 their 'Best of' was released. December 2 was the World Premiere of the video for "Hurricanes and Suns" on their Official Website. On April 28, 2011 they received the "Fan Army FTW" award at the MTV O Music Awards, the networks first online award show. A clip of Bill and Tom thanking their fans was played after the winner was announced.

Tokio Hotel performed their first concert in Asia (excluding their concert in Israel) at the Audi Showcase in Singapore, followed shortly by the TM Connects With Tokio Hotel event in Malaysia, promoting the sales of their album Humanoid. They concluded the series of mini-concerts with Taiwan. They returned to Malaysia a couple of months later to perform at MTV World Stage Live in Malaysia 2010. They performed in Tokyo on December 15, 2010, after their South American Tour concluded in Distrito Federal, Mexico on December 2, 2010. In February, 2011 Tokio Hotel travelled to Japan to complete a second promo tour. A number of TV appearances and media interviews took place between February 8 and February 11.

On June 24, 2011 Tokio Hotel performed in Japan at “The Next Premium Night Tokio Hotel in Tokyo". The event was presented by Audi A1 and 150 fans were chosen to win tickets to attend the show. The event was the band's first acoustic performance in Japan. On June 25, 2011 the band performed live at the MTV Video Music Aid Japan in Tokyo. The show, which was formerly called the Video Music Awards Japan, was used as a music benefit to raise money for the Japanese Red Cross in order to help those who were affected by the recent earthquake.

Modeling and commercials [link]

This section is outdated. Please update this section to reflect recent events or newly available information. Please see the talk page for more information. (January 2010)

On January 19, 2010, lead singer Bill Kaulitz teamed up with twins Dean and Dan Caten of DSquared to walk the runway at a fashion event in Milan.^[39] Kaulitz made two appearances, as he opened and closed DSquared's Menswear Autumn/Winter 2010 show to Tokio Hotel song "Screamin".^[40]

Car maker Audi hired the two frontmen to star in their new advertising campaign to attract the younger generation. They were featured in an episode of Tokio Hotel TV (on Tokio Hotel's website) and also in a commercial.^[41]

On August 4, 2010, Tom Kaulitz got his own Reebok shoe commercial.^[42] Reebok signed the 20-year-old Tokio Hotel guitarist and sneaker addict to model shoes for the company. "At home, I created a little room like a little storage room," he said of his sneakers. He also said that he gets 10 new pairs a week.^[42]

Best Of Tokio Hotel (2010)[link]

At 13th December in Germany and 14th December internationally Tokio Hotel released their first compilation album named "Best Of". It comes in two languages: english and german. It contains the most popular songs from all the previous albums and two new songs: "Hurricanes and Suns" (was recorded for Humanoid but not included in it) and "Mädchen aus dem All" (was recorded for Schrei but not included in it).There is a deluxe edition too which comes with both german and english versions of album and a bonus DVD with all Tokio Hotel's music videos and "making of" scenes.

[edit] New album and duet with Far East Movement (2011 - present)

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2012)

After finishing "Welcome To Humanoid City Tour" Bill and Tom with their manager David Jost moved to Los Angeles and still are living there. They said they are working on the new album, which will be released in the late 2012. Paparazzies caught Bill, Tom and Gustav in a shop in Los Angeles. MTV said the new album will be named "Dark Anthem".^[43]. Bill and Tom released an app named "BTK Twins" for iOS (16 January 2012),^[44] and Android(19 December 2011),^[45] for keeping in touch with their fans. Here Bill and Tom post their photos, videos and text messages, and fans can leave messages for posts. Bill and Tom answer to these comments very often. The app costs 2.99$, and if a user wants to leave comments besides watching only he must pay 0.99$ a month. Tokio Hotel launched a service named "VIP Call".^[46] Fans may pay 4.99 Euros for a month or 3.49 Euros for 3 months and Tokio Hotel call them and leave audio messages. Fans can even ask them questions and Tokio Hotel will answer to them. On 18 May 2012 Far East Movement released an album named "Dirty Bass". In it there is a song named "If I Die Tomorrow" which is a duet with Bill. Far East Movement accepted there will be a music video released for "If I Die Tomorrow" soon. Bill Kaulitz will take part in shootings too.

Band members [link]

Bill Kaulitz - lead vocals
Tom Kaulitz - guitar, piano, backing vocals
Georg Listing - bass, keyboards, synthesizers, backing vocals
Gustav Schäfer - drums, percussion, backing vocals

Discography [link]

For more details on this topic, see Tokio Hotel discography.

Studio albums

Schrei (2005)
Zimmer 483 (2007)
Scream (2007)
Humanoid (2009)
Best Of (2010)

Awards [link]

Since the release of the "Durch den Monsun" single in 2005, Tokio Hotel have gone on to win 104 awards in various categories and countries.

2005

Category	Award	Date
Best Newcomer	Comet Awards (Germany)	October 6
Super Comet	Comet Awards (Germany)	October 6
Best Newcomer	Eins Live Krone	November 24
Best Pop National Act	Bambi Awards	December 1
Best Single	Golden Penguin (Austria)	...2005
Best Pop	Golden Penguin (Austria)	...2005
Rock Band 2005	Golden Penguin (Austria)	...2005

2006

Category	Award	Date
Album of the year	Golden Penguin (Austria)	February 8
Band of the year	Golden Penguin (Austria)	February 8
Song of the year – ‘Der Letzte Tag’	Golden Penguin (Austria)	February 8
Best Newcomer	Golden Penguin (Austria)	February 8
Ausverkaufte Tourhalle	Sold-out-Award of Königpilsener Arena	March 11
Best Newcomer	ECHO Awards (Germany)	March 12
Best Newcomer	Steiger Awards	March 25
Pop National	Radio Regenbogen (Germany)	March 31
SuperBand Rock – Golden Otto	Bravo Otto	May 6
Music Award	Bild OSGAR	May 22
Best Newcomer International	Popcorn Awards (Hungary)	May 26
Best Newcomer	Bravo Otto (Hungary)	June 24
Best International Band	Bravo Otto (Hungary)	June 24
Best Newcomer Band	Popkomm Bavarian Music Lion	September 21
Best German Pop Band	Goldene Stimmgabel	September 24
Best Selling German Artist	World Music Awards	November 15
Best Pop National Act	Bambi Awards	November 30
Best Live Act	Eins Live Krone	December 7
Best Rock band	MTV France

2007

Category	Award	Date
Single of the Year – Durch Den Monsun	Golden Penguin
Best Selling German Act – Album Schrei	European Border Breakers Award	January 21
European Border Breakers Award	NRJ Awards	January 21
Rock Award	BZ-Kulturpreis	January 23
Best Video National	ECHO Awards (Germany)	March 25
SuperBand Rock – Golden otto	Bravo Otto	April 28
Best Video	Comet Awards (Germany)	May 3
Best Band	Comet Awards (Germany)	May 3
Supercomet	Comet Awards (Germany)	May 3
Best Band	Jabra Music	July 2007
Digital prize	Festivalbar (Italy)	September 7
Most Successful Group Rock International	Goldene Stimmgabel	September 22
Most Successful Popgroup International	Goldene Stimmgabel Awards	October 3
Best Album	TMF Awards (Belgium)	October 14
Best Video	TMF Awards (Belgium)	October 14
Best New Artist	TMF Awards (Belgium)	October 14
Best Pop	TMF Awards (Belgium)	October 14
Best International Act	MTV Europe Music Awards (Germany)	November 1
Best band of the Year	MTV Italy Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award	December 1

2008

Category	Award	Date
Band of the Year 2007	Golden Penguin (Austria)	January
Best International Band	Rockbjörnen Award (Sweden)	January 24
Best Music National	Goldene Kamera (Germany)	February 6
Best Music Video	Echo Awards (Germany)	February 15
Best International Artist	Emma Gala Awards (Finland)	March 8
Best International Group	Disney Channel Kids Award (Italy)	March 28
Best Concert	Hitkrant (Netherlands)	May 2008
Best Mood Song – Monsoon	Hitkrant (Netherlands)	May 2008
Song that Satys in your Head – Monsoon	Hitkrant (Netherlands)	May 2008
Superband Rock – Silver Otto	Bravo Otto	May 3
Best Band	MTV TRL Awards (Italy)	May 17
Best Number 1 of the Year with Monsoon	MTV TRL Awards (Italy)	May 17
Best Band	Comet Awards (Germany)	May 23
Best Video – An Deiner Seite	Comet Awards (Germany)	May 23
Best Live Act	Comet Awards (Germany)	May 23
Super Comet	Comet Awards (Germany)	May 23
Best New Artist	MTV VMA Music Awards (USA)	September 7
Fan Choice Best Entrance	MTV VMA Music Awards (USA)	September 7
Best Male Artist International (Bill Kaulitz)	TMF Awards^[47] (Belgium)	October 11
Best Video International – Don't Jump	TMF Awards^[47] (Belgium)	October 11
Song of the Year	MTV Latin America Awards (Mexico)	October 16
Best Fanclub-Venezuela	MTV Latin America Awards (Mexico)	October 16
Best New Artist-International	MTV Latin America Awards (Mexico)	October 16
Best Ringtone	MTV Latin America Awards (Mexico)	October 16
Headliner	MTV Europe Music Awards (England)	November 6
Best Selling DVD: ZImmer 483 – Live in Europe	Rekord (Russia)	December 2

2009

Category	Award	Date
SuperBand – Golden Otto	Bravo Otto (Germany)	May 12
Best TRL Artist of the Year	MTV TRL Awards (Italy)	May 16
Best Online Star	Comet Awards (Germany)	May 29
Export Hit of Germany	Bavarian Music Lion	September 17
International Award (2009)	Audi Generation Award (Germany)	October 18
Best Group^[48]	MTV Europe Music Awards (Germany)	November 5
Best International Rock Band	Telehit Awards (Mexico)	November 12

2010

Category	Award	Date
Band of the Year	Golden Penguin (Austria)	January 29
Album of the Year	Golden Penguin (Austria)	January 29
Band of the Year	Bravoora Awards (Poland)	February 1
Best International Artist	Emma Gala Awards (Finland)	February 4
Walk of Fame	König-Pilsener Arena (Germany)	February 26
Best International Band	Radio Regenbogen Awards (Germany)	March 19
Favorite Music Star	Kids Choice Awards 2010 (Germany)	April 10
Best Live Act	Comet Awards (Germany)	May 21
Foreign Song of the Year - World Behind My Wall	Rockbjörnen Award (Sweden)	September 1
Concert of the Year	Rockbjörnen Award (Sweden)	September 1
Best World Stage Performance	MTV Europe Music Awards (Spain)	November 7
Best Band National^[49]	CMA Awards (Germany)	December 12
Best Single National - World Behind My Wall^[50]	CMA Awards (Germany)	December 12

2011

Category	Award	Date
Band of the Year	Bravoora Awards (Poland) ^[51]	March
Star of the 20th Anniversary	Bravoora Awards (Poland) ^[51]	March
Best Fan Army (Fan Army FTW)	MTV O Music Awards (USA) ^[52]	April 28
Best Rock Video	MTV Video Music Awards Japan ^[53]	July 2
Best Fan Army (Fan Army FTW)	MTV O Music Awards (USA)^[52]	October 31

2012

Category	Award	Date
Super-Band Rock- Bronze Otto	BRAVO OTTO (Germany)^[54]	March 21
Mister Winter 2012 : Bill Kaulitz	Star Planete Awards 2012 (France) ^[55]	March 25
Musical March Madness Champions	MTV Musical March Madness 2012 ^[56]	April 5
Hottest Rocker Boys	Q102's Online Competitions ^[57]	May 27

References [link]

^ Elke Buhr for Frankfurter Rundschau. "As if" eroticism. February 22, 2007. English translation by Sign and Sight.com

Straightforward pop-rock with catchy melodies and a well-calculated mix of stolen Metallica riffs and romantic ballad elements. Everything is played on the safe side, and the production is technically perfect.
^ ABC – Tokio Hotel: The Latest German Export
^ NY Daily News
^ Ankeny, Jason (2006-12-29). "TH en allmusic". Allmusic.com. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/tokio-hotel-p745895. Retrieved 2011-10-26.
^ Softpedia
^ Dw-world.de
^ "German Pop Sensation Tokio Hotel Wins MTV Video Music Award". Dw-world.de. http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,3626595,00.html. Retrieved 2011-10-26.
^ Elke Buhr for Frankfurter Rundschau. "As if" eroticism. February 22, 2007. English translation by Sign and Sight.com

Straightforward pop-rock with catchy melodies and a well-calculated mix of stolen Metallica riffs and romantic ballad elements. Everything is played on the safe side, and the production is technically perfect.
^ ABC - Tokio Hotel: The Latest German Export
^ Angus, Kat. "Tokio Hotel Makes All The Girls Scream". canada.com. http://www.canada.com/cityguides/montreal/story.html?id=119cfe69-4046-4018-8525-ac18324e1fc9. Retrieved August 22, 2008.
^ "Prominente: Tokio Hotel will den gesamten Planeten erobern – Nachrichten Vermischtes – WELT ONLINE" (in (German)). Welt.de. 2008-05-19. http://www.welt.de/vermischtes/article2005797/Tokio_Hotel_will_den_gesamten_Planeten_erobern.html. Retrieved 2011-10-26.
^ "IFPI Platinum Europe Awards – 2007". ifpi.org. http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_news/plat2007.html. Retrieved March 19, 2008.
^ ^a ^b "Tokio Hotel Interview". popculturemadness.com. http://www.popculturemadness.com/interview/Tokio-Hotel.html. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
^ "Billboard.com – Tokio Hotel – Biography". Billboard.com. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/bio/index.jsp?pid=699968. Retrieved March 19, 2008.
^ "Biography at". Tokiohotel-us.com. http://www.tokiohotel-us.com/bio/. Retrieved 2011-10-26.
^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Tokio+Hotel; 'Schrei')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank/?action=suche&strTitel=Schrei&strInterpret=Tokio%2BHotel&strTtArt=alle&strAwards=checked.
^ NYTimes.com A Wild Welcome to a German Teen-Pop Band. Retrieved September 30, 2008.
^ ^a ^b Kautz, Julia, "Das Ende von Tokio Hotel?", pg. 10, 11, 12 & 13, Bravo, Issue 15, April 2008
^ "Wie schlecht geht es Bill wirklich", Bild, April 5, 2008
^ "Noch mehr US-Konzerte abgesagt", Bild, April 26, 2008
^ "Hat Tokio-Bill seine Stimme kaputt gesungen?". Bild.de. http://www.bild.de/BILD/leute/star-news/2008/03/26/hat-tokio-bill/seine-stimme-kaputt-gesungen.html. Retrieved October 28, 2008. (German)
^ "So verbringt Bill die letzten Stunden vor seiner OP". Bild.de. http://www.bild.de/BILD/leute/star-news/2008/03/29/tokio-hotel/exklusiv-interview.html. Retrieved October 28, 2008. (German)
^ "Verliert Teenie-Schwarm Bill seine Stimme?". Bild.de. http://www.bild.de/BILD/entertainment/musik/2008/03/18/bill-kaulitz-infektion/tokio-bill-infektion-der-stimmbaender.html. Retrieved October 28, 2008. (German)
^ Jessen, Philip & Michaelsen, Sven, "Ich habe Angst", pg. 46, Vanity Fair, Issue 15, April 3, 2008
^ "Ärzte schneiden ihm Zyste aus dem Hals". Bild.de. http://www.bild.de/BILD/leute/star-news/2008/03/25/tokio-hotel/bill-stimmband-op.html. Retrieved October 28, 2008. (German)
^ "New York feiert Tokio Hotel". Bild.de. http://www.bild.de/BILD/entertainment/musik/2008/05/05/tokio-hotel/new-york-feiert-tokio-hotel.html. Retrieved October 28, 2008. (German)
^ Harris, Chris. "Miley Cyrus To Face Off Against Tokio Hotel For Best New Artist At VMAs". http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1592481/20080808/cyrus__miley.jhtml. Retrieved August 10, 2008.
^ "Winners of the 2008 MTV Music Awards". http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5iTXYdFYBVqhaKhmh2xUyoiQRmocAD9329JCG0. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
^ "New DVDS: Tokio Hotel TV – Caught on Camera!". Archived from the original on August 22, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080822022313/http://tokiohotel.pop24.de/tokiohotel2/index2_en.php. Retrieved October 28, 2008.
^ "Tokio Hotel's New Album Humanoid Due October 2". http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1616548/20090720/tokio_hotel.jhtml?rsspartner=rssMozilla. Retrieved July 20, 2009.
^ "Neues Album von Tokio Hotel heißt "Humanoid"". http://www.zeit.de/newsticker/2009/7/20/iptc-bdt-20090720-251-21851364xml. Retrieved July 20, 2009. (German)
^ "Tokio Hotel "Humanoid"". http://www.tokiohotel.com/us/. Retrieved July 20, 2009.
^ "Neues Album von Tokio Hotel soll bis Anfang Juni erscheinen". http://de.news.yahoo.com/1/20090209/ten-neues-album-von-tokio-hotel-soll-bis-45cd332.html. Retrieved February 15, 2009. ^{[dead link]} (German)
^ ^a ^b Dos Anjos, Barbara, "Bem-vinda ao Tokio Hotel", pg. 29, Capricho, Issue 1050, August 2008
^ ^a ^b "Drittes Album von Tokio Hotel im Frühjahr 2009". http://www.bild.de/BILD/unterhaltung/telegramm/unterhaltungs-telegramm,rendertext=6274796.html. Retrieved October 28, 2008. (German)
^ "Tokio Hotel Announce First Single From Humanoid Album". http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1617983/20090810/tokio_hotel.jhtml. Retrieved August 10, 2009.
^ "Automatic and Automatisch Cover Art". http://www.cherrytreerecords.com/profiles/blogs/automatic-and-automatisch. Retrieved August 22, 2009.
^ "Tom Kaulitz's Blog". http://www.tokiohotel.com/us/#tom_kaulitz_blog/toms-blog--11-2009-2009-11-.html. Retrieved November 2, 2009.
^ "Tokio Hotel American: Official Fanclub". http://www.tokiohotelamerica.com/2010/01/19/bill-will-open-the-show/. Retrieved February 18, 2011.
^ "MTV Buzzworthy Blog". http://buzzworthy.mtv.com/2010/01/19/bill-kaulitz-opens-dsquared-fashion-show-in-milan-makes-wwd/. Retrieved February 18, 2011.
^ "Tokio Hotel USA". http://www.tokiohotelamerica.com/2010/08/26/kaulitz-twins-and-audi/. Retrieved February 18, 2011.
^ ^a ^b "MTV Style". http://style.mtv.com/2010/08/09/tokio-hotel-tom-kaulitz-reebok/. Retrieved February 18, 2011.
^ Tokio Hotel Working On 'Dark Anthem' For Next Album. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
^ App Store — BTK Twins
^ BTK Twins - Android Apps on Google Play
^ Tokio Hotel are calling wit VIPcall.
^ ^a ^b TMF AWARDS 2008 Winners TMF Awards 2008 Winners. Retrieved October 11, 2008.
^ Tokio Hotel Win Best Group EMAs: Tokio Hotel Win Best Group. Retrieved November 6, 2009.
^ Tokio Hotel wins Best Band National CMA Awards Best Band National. Retrieved December 12, 2010.
^ Tokio Hotel wins Best Single National CMA Awards Best Single National. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
^ ^a ^b Bravoora Awards Winners Bravoora Winners. Retrieved March 1, 2011.
^ ^a ^b Fan Army FTW Winner. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
^ MTV Video Music Awards Japan Winners VMAJ Winners. Retrieved July 2, 2011.
^ BRAVO OTTO Winner. Retrieved March 22, 2012.
^ Mister Winter 2012 : Bill Kaulitz.
^ Musical March Madness Champions. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
^ Q102's Rocker Boy Bracket Competition Is Back!. Retrieved May, 2012.

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tokio Hotel

Tokio Hotel

Bill Kaulitz
Tom Kaulitz
Georg Listing
Gustav Schäfer

Albums

Studio	Schrei Zimmer 483 Scream Humanoid

Compilations	Schrei So Laut Du Kannst Best Of (German English)

Video	Leb die Sekunde - Behind the Scenes Zimmer 483 – Live in Europe Tokio Hotel TV – Caught on Camera Humanoid City Live

Singles

"Durch den Monsun"
"Schrei"
"Rette mich"
"Der letzte Tag"
"Übers Ende der Welt"
"Spring nicht"
"Monsoon"
"Ready, Set, Go!"
"An deiner Seite (Ich bin da)"
"Scream"
"Don't Jump"
"Heilig"
"Automatisch/Automatic"
"World Behind My Wall / Lass uns Laufen"

Discography

http://wn.com/Tokio_Hotel

http://it.wn.com/Tokio Hotel

http://cs.wn.com/Tokio Hotel

http://es.wn.com/Tokio Hotel

http://ru.wn.com/Tokio Hotel

http://nl.wn.com/Tokio Hotel

http://pl.wn.com/Tokio Hotel

http://fr.wn.com/Tokio Hotel

http://de.wn.com/Tokio Hotel

http://pt.wn.com/Tokio Hotel

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio_Hotel

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

Yulduz Usmonova
Birth name	Yulduz Urayimoxunovna Usmonova/ Юлдуз Урайимохуновна Усмонова
Born	(1963-12-12) 12 December 1963 (age 48) Margilan, Uzbek SSR, USSR
Genres	Pop, Uzbek Pop, Uzbek Folk
Occupations	Singer-songwriter, actress, social activist
Years active	1991–present
Website	www.yulduz.uz

Yulduz Usmonova (Russified form: Yulduz Usmanova) (Uzbek: Yulduz Usmonova, Юлдуз Усмонова) (born December 12, 1963) is a well-known Uzbek singer and actress.^[1] She has achieved widespread fame in Uzbekistan, other parts of Central Asia, and more recently in Turkey. Uzmoniva has also acted in a number of Uzbek films.

1 Biography
2 Discography
3 Videography
4 Filmography
5 References
6 External links

Biography [link]

Yulduz Usmonova was born in Margilan city located in Ferghana region,^[2] Uzbekistan. Her parents worked at a silk factory. She studied music at the pedagogical institute in Margilan.

She was discovered by Gavharxonim Rahimova after singing at a Women’s Day show. Gavharxonim helped to open many doors for Usmanova. After being introduced to professors from the Uzbekistan State Conservatory, she prepared under their guidance. She studied vocal, and then later became a popular singer in Uzbekistan after independence in 1991. She became famous throughout Central Asia and later in Turkey and has released songs in many languages, such as Uzbek, Uyghur, Turkish, Russian, Tajik, Arab, Kazakh, and Tatar.^[3]

As Uzbekistan’s most popular singer, she has regularly appeared in concerts and has released several albums. She is well-known for her vocal opposition to the practice of lip-syncing in "live" concerts which is widespread among (younger) singers in Uzbekistan. She is one of the few artists remaining who always sing live.

Yulduz Usmonova has served in the Uzbek parliament. Most of the rumors about her are spread out by her rivals on the popular music scene in Uzbekistan, and have on many occasions forced her to go into self-inflicted exile to Russia, the US, and later to Turkey.

In 2008, Usmonova emigrated to Turkey citing dissatisfaction with political involvement and the incident that happened on May 13, 2005 in Fergana (also known as the "Bloody Friday in the Fergana Valley"). However, in her own interview Yulduz Usmonova cites the problems with the control of the state in Uzbekistan over where a singer is allowed to sing. She mentions that the Uzbek government obstructed her from performing in Turkmenistan, with which Uzbek officials had problematic relations over border issues. After migration she launched a successful career in Turkey, scoring hits with such singles as '"Beni kovma kalbinden", "Dünya", "Yalan" and "Seni Severdim," the latter being a duet with famous the Turkish singer Yaşar. Yulduz Usmonova's daughter Nilufar Usmonova is also a singer.

Discography [link]

Studio albums

1999: Oqqan daryo oqaveradi
2001: Buncha go'zal bu hayot
2001: Oshiqlik
2002: Yoshligim, beboshligim
2003: Mendan meni so'rama
2003: О Любви
2004: Men o'zimni topmasam
2005: Yondiraman, yonaman
2005: Ayol
2005: Биё, Жонам
2006: Faqat sabr tiladim
2007: Kerak bo'lsa jonim fido
2007: O'zbekiston — qanday bo'lsang shunday sevaman
2008: Inadim
2009: Dunya
2009: Sen ham asra, ko'zmunchog'ingman
2010: Tilimdan emas dilimdan
2010: Kible Benim Kalbimde
2011: Bir Şans Ver

Videography [link]

(2003) “Mendan meni so'rama“
(2003) “Senga”
(2004) ‘’Qalb”
(2004) “Men kimman ayt”
(2004) “O'g'il bola”
(2005) “Biyo jonam biyo” (In Tajik)
(2005) “Ko'rmasam bo'lmas”
(2005) “Nadur” (feat. Akron Ibodullaev)
(2005) “Sevaman seni” (feat. Davron Ergashev)
(2006) “Bevafo yorim”
(2006) “Iymon”
(2006) “Jon me bari jon” (In Tajik)
(2006) “Muhabbat”
(2006) “Oh dilame” (In Tajik)
(2006) “Sog'inch”
(2006) “Тик так” (In Russian)
(2006) “Ангел мой” (In Russian)
(2007) “Dadajon”
(2007) “O'p - o'p”
(2007) “Oq kema”
(2007) “Yana bahor”
(2007) “Любовь моя” (feat. the band "Достар") (In Russian)
(2008) “Affet Allahim” (In Turkish)
(2008) “Babacim” (In Turkish)
(2008) “Öp” (In Turkish)
(2008) “Salovat”
(2008) “Shekilli”
(2009) “Görmesem Olmaz” (feat Fatih Erkoç)
(2009) “Yalan” (In Turkish)
(2010) “Beni kovma kalbinden” (In Turkish)
(2010) “Seni severdim" (In Turkish)
(2010) “Yalvar guzel Allah`a” (In Turkish)
(2010) “Yolvor go'zal Allohga”
(2011) “Aldadi” (feat. Athambek Yuldashev)
(2011) “Aynanayin”
(2011) “Belli belli” (In Turkish)
(2011) “Dunya” (In Turkish)
(2011) “Ey yor” (In Tajik)
(2011) “Ko'z yoshim oqar”

Filmography [link]

Iron Man (Russian: Железный мужчина) (Uzbek: Temir erkak) (1991)

References [link]

^ "Yulduz Usmonova: I Haven't Left Uzbekistan (In Uzbek)". BBC's Uzbek Service. 6 October 2008. http://www.bbc.co.uk/uzbek/news/story/2008/10/081006_talking_point_yulduz.shtml. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
^ http://www.imzadi.nl/yulduz^{[dead link]}
^ "Biogrpahy of Yulduz Usmanova (In Russian)". Yulduz.uz. http://yulduz.uz/biografiya. Retrieved 25 April 2012.

Persondata
Name	Usmonova, Yulduz
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	December 12, 1963
Place of birth	Margilan, Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, USSR
Date of death
Place of death

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yulduz_Usmonova

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

Make changes yourself !

Contents

Related pages:

Contents

[edit] Formation (2001 - 2004)

[edit] Schrei (2005 - 2006)

[edit] Zimmer 483 (2007 - 2008)

[edit] Scream (2007 - 2008)

[edit] North American Tours and Humanoid (2009 - 2010)

[edit] New album and duet with Far East Movement (2011 - present)

Related pages:

Contents

Related pages: