Parma Fc

Thursday, 10 January 2013

Pirlo Incredible Goal vs Parma 0 1 AC Milan HD [21010]

Goal of the week: Pirlo Incredible Goal vs Parma

Pro Evolution Soccer 2012 - Let's Play: Pro Evolution Soccer 2012 #30 [HD] [Together] - Wolves vs. Parma FC (YouTube Cup #3)

REPLAY NON NE HA! Don Roberto Fiscer feat. Parma FC e compagnia delle 3G / Il backstage

Imitazione Antonio Conte - Juventus Parma 2-0

15/02/2012 - PARMA - JUVENTUS 0-0 - AMPIA SINTESI E GOL SKY HD - SERIE A

Ds 7Gold -MILAN PARMA 4-1 ATALANTA INTER 1-1

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Argentina
Argentina ⁱ/ˌɑrdʒənˈtiːnə/, officially the Argentine Republic (Spanish: República Argentina [reˈpuβlika aɾxenˈtina]), is a country in South America, the continent's second largest by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires. It is the eighth-largest country in the world by land area and the largest among Spanish-speaking nations.
Argentina's continental area is between the Andes mountain range in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. It borders Paraguay and Bolivia to the north, Brazil and Uruguay to the northeast, and Chile to the west and south. Argentine claims over Antarctica, as well as overlapping claims made by Chile and the United Kingdom, are suspended by the Antarctic Treaty of 1961. Argentina also claims the Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, which are administered by the United Kingdom as British Overseas Territories.
A recognised middle power, Argentina is Latin America's third-largest economy, with a "very high" rating on the Human development index. Within Latin America, Argentina has the fifth highest nominal GDP per capita and the highest in purchasing power terms. Analysts have argued that the country has a "foundation for future growth due to its market size, levels of foreign direct investment, and percentage of high-tech exports as share of total manufactured goods", and it is classed by investors as middle emerging economy. Argentina is a founding member of the United Nations, Mercosur, the Union of South American Nations, the Organization of Ibero-American States, the World Bank Group and the World Trade Organization, and is one of the G-15 and G-20 major economies.

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Austria
Austria (ⁱ/ˈɒstriə/ or /ˈɔːstriə/; German: Österreich [ˈøːstɐˌʁaɪç] ( listen)), officially the Republic of Austria (German: Republik Österreich (help·info)), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.47 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Hungary and Slovakia to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers 83,855 square kilometres (32,377 sq mi) and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below 500 metres (1,640 ft), and its highest point is 3,798 metres (12,461 ft). The majority of the population speak local Austro-Bavarian dialects of German as their native language, and German in its standard form is the country's official language. Other local official languages are Burgenland Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
The origins of modern-day Austria date back to the time of the Habsburg dynasty when the vast majority of the country was a part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Austria became one of the great powers of Europe and, in response to the coronation of Napoleon I as the Emperor of the French, the Austrian Empire was officially proclaimed in 1804. In 1867, the Austrian Empire was reformed into Austria-Hungary.

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Belgium
Belgium (ⁱ/ˈbɛldʒəm/ BEL-jəm), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of 30,528 square kilometres (11,787 sq mi), and it has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups, the Dutch-speakers, mostly Flemish (about 60%), and the French-speakers, mostly Walloons (about 40%), plus a small group of German-speakers. Belgium's two largest regions are the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia. The Brussels-Capital Region, officially bilingual, is a mostly French-speaking enclave within the Flemish Region. A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in the political history and a complex system of government.

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Brazil
Brazil ⁱ/brəˈzɪl/ (Portuguese: Brasil, IPA: [bɾaˈziw]), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, listen (help·info)), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 km (4,655 mi). It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas region of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay. Numerous archipelagos form part of Brazilian territory, such as Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, and Trindade and Martim Vaz. It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile.
Brazil was a colony of Portugal from the landing of Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500 until 1815, when it was elevated to the rank of kingdom and the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was formed. The colonial bond was in fact broken in 1808, when the capital of the Portuguese colonial empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, after Napoleon invaded Portugal.Independence was achieved in 1822 with the formation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. The country became a presidential republic in 1889, when a military coup d'état proclaimed the Republic, although the bicameral legislature, now called Congress, dates back to the ratification of the first constitution in 1824. Its current Constitution, formulated in 1988, defines Brazil as a Federal Republic. The Federation is formed by the union of the Federal District, the 26 States, and the 5,564 Municipalities.

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Chile
Chile (ⁱ/ˈtʃɪliː/ or /ˈtʃɪleɪ/), officially the Republic of Chile (Spanish: República de Chile [reˈpuβlika ðe ˈtʃile] ( listen)), is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. Along with Ecuador, it is one of two countries in South America that do not border Brazil. Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas and Easter Island. Chile also claims about 1,250,000 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi) of Antarctica, although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.
Chile's distinctive shape—4,300 kilometres (2,700 mi) long and on average 175 kilometres (109 mi) wide—makes it the longest country in the world, north to south, with the fifth lengthiest coastline at over 78 thousand kilometers. The diverse climate of Chile ranges from the world's driest desert in the north—the Atacama—through a Mediterranean climate in the centre, humid subtropical in Easter Island, to an Oceanic climate, including alpine tundra and glaciers in the east and south. The northern desert contains great mineral wealth, principally copper. The relatively small central area dominates in terms of population and agricultural resources, and is the cultural and political center from which Chile expanded in the late 19th century when it incorporated its northern and southern regions. Southern Chile is rich in forests and grazing lands, and features a string of volcanoes and lakes. The southern coast is a labyrinth of fjords, inlets, canals, twisting peninsulas, and islands.

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Collecchio
Collecchio is a town in the province of Parma, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. It is located just south of Parma. It is the home of Parmalat and Parma F.C.'s training complex, Centro Sportivo di Collecchio.
On April 27, 1945, the town was liberated from German Nazi forces by Brazilian forces. Approximately 400 Germans were captured by the Brazilians after two days of battle.^{[citation needed]}

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Czech Republic
The Czech Republic (ⁱ/ˈtʃɛk/ CHEK;Czech: Česká republika, pronounced [ˈtʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka] ( listen), short form Česko Czech pronunciation: [ˈtʃɛskɔ]) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the north, Germany to the west, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east. Its capital and largest city, with 1.3 million inhabitants, is Prague.
It is a pluralist multi-party parliamentary representative democracy, a member of the European Union, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group.
The Czech state, formerly known as Bohemia, was formed in the late 9th century as a small duchy around Prague, at that time under dominance of the powerful Great Moravian Empire (which reached its greatest territorial extent during the reign of Svatopluk I from the House of Mojmír). After the fall of the Empire in 907, the centre of power was transferred from Moravia to Bohemia, under the Přemyslids. During the rule of Přemyslid dukes/kings and their successors, the Luxembourgs, the country reached its greatest territorial extent (13th–14th century). Life in the country was significantly affected by the Hussite wars, during which it faced economic embargo and crusades from all over Europe. Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg monarchy as one of its three principal parts alongside the Archduchy of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary. The Bohemian Revolt (1618–20) led to the further centralization of the monarchy including forced recatholization and Germanization. During radical reforms in the 18th century the Bohemian Crown was even de facto abolished (1749). In the 19th century the Czech lands became the industrial powerhouse of the monarchy and the core of the Republic of Czechoslovakia which was formed in 1918, following the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian empire after World War I.

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England
England ⁱ/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.

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Enza
The Enza is a river in northern Italy, a right affluence of the Po River. Its source is at the Alpe di Succiso, in the northern Apennines (Tuscan-Emilian Apennines), at 1,406 m. The Enza is the current boundary of the provinces of Parma and Reggio Emilia.
After the source, at 1,157 it forms the Paduli or Lagastrello artificial lake, and flows for 93 km in the aforementioned provinces. In its trait in the Pianura Padana it becomes wider, and flows into the Po near Brescello.
In ancient times it was known by its Latin name Incia.
Coordinates: 44°54′N 10°31′E / 44.9°N 10.517°E / 44.9; 10.517

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France
France (English ⁱ/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] ( listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km² (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km² / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.

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Germany
Germany (ⁱ/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ( listen)), is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km² and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since. Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.

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Hungary
Hungary ⁱ/ˈhʌŋɡəri/ (Hungarian: Magyarország [ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ] ( listen)) is a country, which is located in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The country's capital, and largest city, is Budapest. Hungary is a member of the European Union, NATO, the OECD, the Visegrád Group, and is a Schengen state. The official language is Hungarian, also known as Magyar, which is part of the Finno-Ugric group and is the most widely spoken non-Indo-European language in Europe.
Following a Celt (after c. 450 BC) and a Roman (AD 9 - c. 430) period, the foundation of Hungary was laid in the late 9th century by the Hungarian prince Árpád, whose great-grandson Saint Stephen I was crowned with a crown sent by the pope from Rome in 1000 AD. The Kingdom of Hungary lasted for 946 years, and at various points was regarded as one of the cultural centres of the Western world. After about 150 years of partial Ottoman occupation (1541–1699), Hungary was integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy, and later constituted half of the Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy (1867–1918).

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Italy
Italy ⁱ/ˈɪtəli/ (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in south-central Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some 301,338 km² (116,347 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.6 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in the world.
Rome, the capital of Italy, was for centuries a political and religious centre of Western civilisation as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later, Italy became the birthplace of Maritime republics and the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought.

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Japan
Japan ⁱ/dʒəˈpæn/ (Japanese: 日本 Nihon or Nippon; formally 日本国 Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, literally the State of Japan) is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku, together accounting for ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan has the world's tenth-largest population, with over 127 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.
Archaeological research indicates that people lived in Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other nations followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since adopting its revised constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament called the Diet.

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Kenya
Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ or /ˈkiːnjə/), officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country in East Africa that lies on the equator. With the Indian Ocean to its south-east, it is bordered by Tanzania to the south, Uganda to the west, South Sudan to the north-west, Ethiopia to the north and Somalia to the north-east. Kenya has a land area of 580,000 km² and a population of nearly 41 million, representing 42 different peoples and cultures. The country is named after Mount Kenya, a significant landmark and second among Africa's highest mountain peaks. Kenya's capital and largest city is Nairobi.
Kenya has a warm and humid climate along its coastline on the Indian Ocean which changes to wildlife-rich savannah grasslands moving inland towards the capital Nairobi. Nairobi has a cool climate that gets colder approaching Mount Kenya, which has three permanently snow-capped peaks. The warm and humid tropical climate reappears further inland towards lake Victoria, before giving way to temperate forested and hilly areas in the western region. The North Eastern regions along the border with Somalia and Ethiopia are arid and semi-arid areas with near-desert landscapes. Lake Victoria, the world's second largest fresh-water lake (after Lake Superior in the US and Canada) and the world's largest tropical lake, is situated to the southwest and is shared with Uganda and Tanzania. Kenya is famous for its safaris and diverse world-famous wildlife reserves such as Tsavo National Park, the Maasai Mara, Nakuru National Park, and Aberdares National Park.

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Morocco
Morocco (Arabic: المغرب‎ al-Maghrib ; Berber: ⵍⵎⴻⵖⵔⵉⴱ / ⴰⵎⴻⵔⵔⵓⴽElmeɣrib / Amerruk), officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of about 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², including the disputed region of the Western Sahara, seen by and mostly administered by Morocco as the Southern Provinces. Morocco is part of the Maghreb region, in addition to Tunisia, Algeria, Mauritania, and Libya, with which it shares cultural, historical and linguistic ties.
Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The King of Morocco holds vast executive powers, including the power to dissolve the parliament. Executive power is exercised by the government but more importantly by the king himself. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives and the Assembly of Councillors. The king can also issue decrees called dahirs which have the force of law. The latest Parliamentary elections were held in November 25, 2011, and were considered by some neutral observers to be mostly free and fair. Voter turnout in these elections was estimated to be 43% of registered voters, but only about 25% of Moroccan adult citizens actually voted. The rest either chose not to vote or they were not registered as voters. The political capital is Rabat, but the largest city is Casablanca; other main cities include Marrakesh, Tetouan, Tangier, Salé, Fes, Agadir, Meknes, Oujda, Kenitra, and Nador.

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Nigeria
Nigeria ⁱ/naɪˈdʒɪəriə/, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean. The three largest and most influential ethnic groups in Nigeria are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba.
In terms of religion Nigeria is roughly split half and half between Muslims in the North and Christians in the South; a very small minority practice traditional religion. Since 2002 there have been a spate of clashes, particularly in the North of the country, between government forces and the Islamists Boko Haram, militant jihadists who seek to establish sharia law.
The people of Nigeria have an extensive history. Archaeological evidence shows that human habitation of the area dates back to at least 9000 BCE. The area around the Benue and Cross River is thought to be the original homeland of the Bantu migrants who spread across most of central and southern Africa in waves between the 1st millennium BC and the 2nd millennium.

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Northeast Italy
Northeast Italy (Italian: Italia nord-orientale or just Nordest) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a first level NUTS region and a European Parliament constituency. Northeast encompasses four of the country's 20 regions:
Italian is the main language of the area but it is often used only with strangers or in the main cities or for cultural reasons, because the most part of the inhabitants speaks their own national language; so we have Venetian language widely spoken in Veneto and on the coast to Trieste and Istria, as well as in the towns of Pordenone and Gorizia in Friuli, and in most part of Trentino, but recognised just by region Veneto; Friulano in the most part of Friuli, it is officially recognised by the Italian state; as for German, the first language of South Tyrol, where Italian is spoken just by less than a third of the inhabitants; as Ladin, spoken by a few thousands people in the Dolomites; then Slovene, spoken (and recognised by Italy) on the border of Italy and in Istria; where main language is Croat, but Italian is recognised as a minority language.

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Parma
Parma listen (help·info) (Emilian: Pärma) is a city in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna famous for its prosciutto, cheese, architecture and surrounding countryside. This is the home of the University of Parma, one of the oldest universities in the world. Parma is divided into two parts by the little stream with the same name. Parma's Etruscan name was adapted by Romans to describe the round shield called Parma.
The Italian poet Attilio Bertolucci (born in a hamlet in the countryside) wrote: "As a capital city it had to have a river. As a little capital it received a stream, which is often dry". The district on the far side of the river is Oltretorrente.
Parma was already a built-up area in the Bronze Age. It has been verified by now that in the current position of the city rose a terramare. The "terramare" (marl earth) were ancient villages in structural wood on pile-dwelling built according to a defined scheme and squared form, built on the dry land, generally in proximity of the rivers. During this age (among the 1500 BC and the 800 BC) the first necropolises (placed where stand the present-day Piazza Duomo and Millstone Square) rose also.

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Portugal
Portugal ⁱ/ˈpɔrtʃʉɡəl/ (Portuguese: Portugal, IPA: [puɾtuˈɣaɫ]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa) is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula . Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are part of Portugal. The country is named after its second largest city, Porto, whose Latin name was Portus Cale.
The land within the borders of the current Portuguese Republic has been continuously settled since prehistoric times: occupied by Celts like the Gallaeci and the Lusitanians, integrated into the Roman Republic and later settled by Germanic peoples such as the Suebi, Swabians, Vandals and the Visigoths. In the 8th century most of the Iberian Peninsula was conquered by Moorish invaders professing Islam, which were later expelled by the Knights Templar under the Order of Christ. During the Christian Reconquista, Portugal established itself as an independent kingdom from León in 1139, claiming to be the oldest European nation state.

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Province of Bologna
The Province of Bologna (Italian: Provincia di Bologna) is a province in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Bologna.
It has an area of 3,702 km², and a total population of 991,647 (2010). There are 60 comuni (singular: comune) in the province [1], see Comuni of the Province of Bologna. As of November 30, 2010, the main comuni by population are:

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Province of Modena
The Province of Modena (Italian: Provincia di Modena) is a province in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Modena.
It has an area of 2,689 km², and a total population of 659,925 (2005). There are 48 comuni (singular: comune) in the province[1], see Comuni of the Province of Modena.
At May 31, 2005, the main comuni by population are:

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Province of Parma
The Province of Parma (Italian: Provincia di Parma) is a province in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Parma.
It has an area of 3,449 km², and a total population of 413,198 (2005). There are 47 comuni (singular: comune) in the province[1], see Comuni of the Province of Parma.
The main comuni by population are:
Parma is famous for its Prosciutto di Parma. The whole area is renowned for its sausage production, as well as for the Parmigiano Reggiano cheese and some kind of pasta like gnocchi di patate, cappelletti (or anolini) in brodo, tortelli with different stuffing (erbetta, potatoes, pumpkin, mushrooms, chestnuts, Tortél Dóls di Colorno) and chicche.
There are two main highways that go through Parma: A1 and A15.
The Province of Parma is served by the Giuseppe Verdi Airport.
The province is crossed by the Milan-Bologna railroad, one of the most important in Italy, with a station in Parma. The latter is the starting point for the following lines, connecting the city to the Tyrrhenian Sea, Alps and the Po River delta:

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RAI
RAI — Radiotelevisione italiana S.p.A. (for brevity Rai S.p.A.) known until 1954 as Radio Audizioni Italiane, is the Italian state owned public service broadcaster controlled by the Ministry of Economic Development. Rai is the biggest television company in Italy. It competes with three major private television companies, Mediaset, Telecom Italia Media, and Sky Italia.
Rai operates several television channels and radio stations, broadcasting in analog terrestrial (until 2013), in digital terrestrial and in several satellite and IPTV offerings. In 1950, Rai became one of the 23 founding broadcasting organisations of the European Broadcasting Union.
Half of Rai's revenues come from the broadcast licence fee, the other half from advertising. Rai has a relatively high audience share of 42.3%.
Due to their close proximity, Albania, Switzerland, Monaco, Malta, San Marino, Vatican City, Montenegro, Slovenia and Croatia also receive broadcasts.
Unione Radiofonica Italiana (URI) was formed in 1924 with the backing of the Marconi Company following a model adopted in other European countries. URI made its inaugural broadcast — a speech by Benito Mussolini at Teatro Costanzi — on 5 October and regular programming began with a quartet performing Haydn's Opera 7 from the Palazzo Corradi the following evening. At 21:00 CET, Ines Donarelli Viviani announced for the first time: "URI—Unione Radiofonica Italiana Rome station 1RO 425 meters wavelength. To all those who are listening our greetings, good evening."Guglielmo Marconi's S.A. Radiofono—Società Italiana per le Radiocomunicazioni Circolari (Radiofono) held 85% of URI shares and Western Electric's Società Italiana Radio Audizioni Circolari (SIRAC) held the remaining 15%.

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Reggio Emilia
Reggio Emilia (Emilian: Rèz, Latin: Regium Lepidi) is an affluent city in northern Italy, in the Emilia-Romagna region. It has about 170,000 inhabitants and is the main comune (municipality) of the Province of Reggio Emilia.
The town is also referred to by its more official name of Reggio nell'Emilia listen (help·info). The inhabitants of Reggio nell'Emilia (called Reggiani) usually call their town by the simple name of Reggio. In some ancient maps the town is also named Reggio di Lombardia.
The old town has an hexagonal form, which derives from the ancient walls, and the main buildings are from the 16th-17th centuries. The commune's territory is totally on a plain, crossed by the Crostolo stream.
Though not Roman in origin, Reggio began as an historical site with the construction by Marcus Aemilius Lepidus of the Via Aemilia, leading from Piacenza to Rimini (187 BC). Reggio became a judicial administration centre, with a forum called at first Regium Lepidi, then simply Regium, whence the city's current name.

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Spain
Spain (ⁱ/ˈspeɪn/ SPAYN; Spanish: España, pronounced: [esˈpaɲa] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a sovereign state and a member of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north and north east by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla, that border Morocco. Furthermore, the town of Llívia is a Spanish exclave situated inside French territory. With an area of 504,030 square kilometres (194,610 sq mi), it is the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union after France, and the fourth largest country in Europe after Russia, Ukraine and France.

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Sweden
Sweden (ⁱ/ˈswiːdən/ SWEE-dən; Swedish: Sverige [ˈsværjɛ] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige (help·info)), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Øresund.
At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the third largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of about 9.4 million. Sweden has a low population density of 21 inhabitants per square kilometre (54 /sq mi) with the population mostly concentrated to the southern half of the country. About 85% of the population live in urban areas. Sweden's capital city is Stockholm, which is also the largest city.
Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages. In the 17th century, the country expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire. The empire grew to be one of the great powers of Europe in the 17th and early 18th century. Most of the conquered territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost during the 18th and 19th centuries. The eastern half of Sweden, present-day Finland, was lost to Russia in 1809. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Sweden by military means forced Norway into a personal union. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, practicing "non-participation in military alliances during peacetime and neutrality during wartime". However, Sweden has been a member of the European Union since 1 January 1995 and is a member of the OECD.

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Switzerland
Switzerland (German: die Schweiz[ˈʃvaɪts]; French: Suisse [sɥis(ə)]; Italian: Svizzera [ˈzvit͡sːɛra]; Romansh: Svizra [ˈʒviːtsrɐ] or [ˈʒviːtsʁːɐ]), in its full name the Swiss Confederation (Latin: Confoederatio Helvetica, hence its abbreviation CH), is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in western Europe, where it is bordered by Germany to the north, France to the west, Italy to the south, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.
Switzerland is a landlocked country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning an area of 41,285 km² (15,940 sq mi). While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately 8 million people is concentrated mostly on the Plateau, where the largest cities are to be found. Among them are the two global cities and economic centres of Zurich and Geneva.
The Swiss Confederation has a long history of armed neutrality—it has not been in a state of war internationally since 1815—and did not join the United Nations until 2002. It pursues, however, an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world. Switzerland is also the birthplace of the Red Cross and home to a large number of international organizations, including the second largest UN office. On the European level, it is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association and is part of the Schengen Area – although it is notably not a member of the European Union, nor the European Economic Area.

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Torrile
Torrile is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Parma in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 90 km northwest of Bologna and about 13 km north of Parma.
The municipality of Torrile contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Bezze, Borgazzo-Ca'Scipioni, Gainago Ariana, Quartiere Minari, Rivarolo, San Polo (municipal seat), San Siro, and Sant'Andrea.
Torrile borders the following municipalities: Colorno, Mezzani, Parma, Sissa, Trecasali.
In the comune is the pieve of Gainago, known from 1144. It houses important 13th century frescoes with a Deposition, Saint and Madonna with Child. The town is also the home of Erreà, which is one of the leader sportswear producers of Italy.
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Venezuela
Venezuela (ⁱ/ˌvɛnɨˈzweɪlə/ VEN-ə-ZWAY-lə), officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: República Bolivariana de Venezuela [repuˈβlika βoliβaˈɾjana ðe βeneˈswela]), is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south. Its northern coastline of roughly 2,800 kilometres (1,700 mi) includes numerous islands in the Caribbean Sea, and in the north east borders the northern Atlantic Ocean. Caribbean islands such as Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, Curaçao, Bonaire, Aruba and the Leeward Antilles lie near the Venezuelan coast. Venezuela's territory covers around 916,445 square kilometres (353,841 sq mi) with an estimated population of 29,105,632. Venezuela is considered a state with extremely high biodiversity, with habitats ranging from the Andes mountains in the west to the Amazon Basin rainforest in the south, via extensive llanos plains and Caribbean coast in the center and the Orinoco River Delta in the east.

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Abderrazzak Jadid
Abderrazzak Jadid (Arabic: جديد عبدالرزاق‎, born 1 June 1983 in Fkih Ben Saleh) is a Moroccan footballer. He currently plays as midfield for Italian club Grosseto on loan from Parma.
Jadid started his career on the youth team at Brescia. After playing on loan for Lumezzane of Serie C1, he made his debut on 15 September 2002, against Piacenza. He was loaned out again in January 2005, to Pisa of Serie C1.
In summer 2005, he returned to Brescia, but at Serie B. He just played once before being loaned to league rival Pescara.
Jadid returned to Brescia in the summer of 2006, but after playing just 6 games in the 2007-08 season he was loaned out again in January 2008 to league rival Bari. He returned to Brescia in July 2008, but has played only once in the 2008–09 season so far.
In October 2009, he signed a 2-year contract with Salernitana.

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Abdou Doumbia
Abdou Doumbia (born 1990) is a French footballer who plays for Como Calcio on loan from Parma.
Born in France with French father and Malian mother, Doumbia spent most of his youth career in the suburb of Paris . He started his career with a club in Le Blanc-Mesnil at age of 8, and spent 1 year each in Paris FC and Noisy-le-Sec. Doumbia left for Lega Pro Prima Divisione side Pescara in 2008-09 season. Mainly a player of Berretti team, he made his first team debut on 8 October 2008, a Coppa Italia Lega Pro match that won Celano 4–0. He also played the second match that 3–5 lost to Foggia.
With Pescara, he scored 14 goals for the youth team.
Doumbia played for Serie D side Santegidiese in 2009–10 season, scored 8 goals, his profermance made Serie A side Parma offered him a contract near the end of season.
In July 2010 he left for Lega Pro Prima Divisione side Atletico Roma on loan along with Gianluca Lapadula (loan), Abel Gigli (loan) and Alessio Tombesi (co–ownership deal) for undisclosed fee, as part of the deal that Lega Pro Seconda Divisione top–scorer Daniel Ciofani moved to opposite direction in another co–ownership deal for undisclosed fee.

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Alberto Galuppo
Alberto Galuppo (born 19 August 1985) is an Italian footballer who plays for Foligno on loan from Parma.
Born in Reggio Emilia, Galuppo started his professional career at Emilian club Parma F.C.. Since 2005–06 season he was loaned to various Serie C1 club. He only played once for Ancona before his loan was terminated. In January 2008 Galuppo left for Serie C2 club Carpenedolo. Galuppo returned to the Italian third division for Venezia in 2008–09 Lega Pro Prima Divisione. In January 2009 he made his Serie B debut for league struggler Treviso. Galuppo spent 2009–10 Lega Pro Prima Divisione for Cremonese.
In June 2010, few days before the closure of 2009–10 financial year, he was exchanged with Milan Đurić in co-ownership deal. Both players' 50% registration rights were valued €1.1 million, thus both clubs got a paper profit as it intangible asset increased (the new value of the player contract, as youth product did not had any historic cost value to form that asset). On that day, Cesena had a positive net asset of €2,867,115, which boosted by the player profit (by receiving intangible asset), namely Tulli (€2.6M), Galuppo (€2.2M) and Evangelisti (€0.9M), and successfully passed the financial test for 2011–12 Serie A without re-capitalization. On Parma side, the net asset was €12,788,668 and in good health even if deducting Đurić's €2.2 million price tag. Lastly, Đurić had much more potential than Galuppo to make his new club to have revenue generated by either playing performance or reselling value. To Cesena, the aggressive price of the new signing made the club had to "weather" (amortize) them (as intangible asset) heavily in the future, effectively borrowing future TV revenue to cover current deficit and VAT was as interests of the financial tricks.

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Alberto Malesani
Alberto Malesani (born 5 June 1954 in Verona) is an Italian association football manager, last in charge of Genoa C.F.C..
Malesani career as player was mostly spent on a Veronese amateur team Audace S. Michele, where he obtained a promotion from Serie D to Serie C in 1976–77, appearing fourteen times on that season. He retired from playing football at the age of 24, and worked at Canon in Amsterdam, where he studied the Ajax Amsterdam total football training methods. His passion for coaching was so great, that on his honeymoon, he decided to go to Barcelona in order to watch Johan Cruijff's coaching sessions at Barcelona FC.
Malesani left his job at Canon in 1990 order to pursue a coaching career at Serie C1 team Chievo Verona for the Allievi youth squad. In 1991, he is assistant of head coach Carlo De Angelis in the first team, and in 1993 he becomes head coach himself. His first season as head coach ended in a historical promotion to Serie B for then-unknown Chievo Verona.
Malesani left Chievo in 1997, after three impressive Serie B seasons and a narrowly missed promotion in the Serie A league in order to become Fiorentina's boss, in what was his first stint in the Italian top flight.

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Alessandro Berselli
Alessandro Berselli (born 20 September 1990) is an Italian professional footballer who plays for Valenzana on loan from Parma.

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Alessandro Elia
Alessandro Elia (born 15 February 1990 in Parma) is an Italian footballer who plays for Arzanese on loan from Parma F.C..
Elia began his career on youthside for Parma F.C. and wons with the team the Cup of the Alps, an international Youth Tournament and was named as MVP of the Tournament. In July 2010 left Parma F.C. on loan to AC Bellaria Igea Marina who earned his first professional caps. On 1 February 2010 Bologna F.C. yielded in co-ownership to Parma the half property of the striker and Parma F.C. saved in return of the deal the rights on Bologna's offensive midfielder Riccardo Pasi. Half of the registration rights both tagged for an aggressive price of €1 million.
On 24 June 2011, he was bought back by Parma; co-currently Pasi returned to Bologna. Elia was valued an aggressive price of €1.5 million (made Parma received a financial income of €500,000 as its retained half was increased to €1.5 million but co-currently a financial cost for Bologna as it cannot capture the €500,000 profit) While Pasi's 50% rights was valued an aggressive price of €1.6 million (made Parma a financial cost of €600,000 and financial income to Bologna). In June Parma bought Francesco Valiani outright for €2.8 million (made Parma had a financial cost of €300,000 as the price of the other half had raised from €2.5M to €2.8M but on Bologna side a financial income as a bonus) and co-currently sold Andrea Pisanu outright for €2.5 million. The four deals made Bologna received €200,000 in net.

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Alessandro Lucarelli
Alessandro Lucarelli (born 22 July 1977 in Livorno) is an Italian football (soccer) defender. He currently plays for Parma. He is a left-footed centre back who can also play left back.
He is the younger brother of Cristiano Lucarelli, who plays for Napoli. Both the Lucarelli brothers captained their respective clubs for the 2006–07 season.
He was exchanged to A.C. Siena in summer 2007 for Francesco Cozza, but he then left for Genoa C.F.C., signed a three year contract. Genoa paid €1.9 million to Siena to acquire Lucarelli.
In summer 2008, he rejoined Cristiano at Parma F.C., for €1.2 million, That transfer window Parma also signed Julio César de León for €2.9M and Genoa signed half of the contract of Magnus Troest for €1.5 million and Andrea Gasbarroni for €2 million.
Alessandro has made 57 appearances in Serie A, 37 in Serie B and five in the Coppa Italia,^{[citation needed]} although his brother has since left.

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Alessandro Melli
Alessandro Melli (born 11 December 1969 in Agrigento, Sicily) is an Italian retired footballer who played as a striker.
Melli's father was a professional footballer, playing as a centre forward for Parma AC, and the son followed in his footsteps. He made his Parma debut aged 17, and was part of the team that was promoted from the third to the top level.
After a loan spell at Modena F.C. that was cut short when he fell out with coach Paolo Ferrari, Melli returned to Parma, quickly establishing himself in Parma's first team in the early 1990s, in what was a golden period for the club. As part of that ducali squad, he won an Italian Cup in 1991–92, and a UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in the following season (in the final of which he scored), being part of an attacking line-up that featured also Faustino Asprilla, Tomas Brolin and Gianfranco Zola.
Melli left Parma in 1994, spending six months each at U.C. Sampdoria and A.C. Milan (who swapped Ruud Gullit for him), before returning to the Ennio Tardini after one year away. This lasted two years, but he did not manage to recapture his old form, and was later transferred to Serie B side Perugia Calcio in 1997, where he immediately won promotion to the first division. He left Perugia in 2000, and ended his career with a season spell at A.C. Ancona.

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Alessandro Visone
Alessandro Visone (born 27 January 1987) is an Italian footballer who plays for Vigor Lamezia.
Born in Novi Ligure, in the Province of Alessandria, Piedmont. Visone spent his early career in Serie D teams: Aprilia and Rome teams Astrea and Ostia Mare Lidocalcio.
In July 2007 he was signed by Massese and on 4 January 2008 he was signed by Pescara. After no appearances, he was signed by Barletta. and in October left for Serie D team Arrone. In mid-2009 he was signed by Prima Divisione team Arezzo and in January 2010 loaned to Colligiana. After the bankrupt of Arezzo, he joined Ravenna in 1-year contract. He played 4 times in the league and played once in the cup. On 10 January 2011 he was exchanged with Sergio Carnesalini.
In July 2011 he was signed by Serie A team Parma and farmed to Vigor Lamezia on 24 July. The club did not announced it was a loan or a co-ownership deal.

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Alessio Manzoni
Alessio Manzoni (born 10 April 1987 in Crema) is an Italian football midfielder. He currently plays for Frosinone Calcio on loan from Parma.
Manzoni made his senior debut for Atalanta in a Serie B match towards the end of the 2005/2006 season. The game ended 1–0 to Modena. Since then, Manzoni has been on loan at both Padova and Spezia.
In February 2009, he left for Parma.

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Amara Konaté
Amara Konaté (born 3 September 1990) is an Ivorian who plays for Italian club Fondi on loan from Parma.
Konaté joined Parma's academy as a teenager. On 21 January 2011, Konaté moved to Crociati Noceto on loan until the end of the season. In the summer of 2011, he moved to Fondi on a season-long loan.

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Andrea Manzo
Andrea Manzo (born November 5, 1961 in Mestre) is an Italian football manager and former midfielder.
Manzo started his professional career in 1978 with Padova. He then played for a number of Serie A and Serie B teams, most notably Fiorentina, AC Milan and Udinese. He then decided to spend his final career years back in his native Veneto, with Caerano and then Mestre, before to retire from active football in 1997.
Andrea Manzo started his coaching career in 2000, being appointed at the helm of Serie C2 team Sandonà. He was successively sacked and then reappointed by the club management in a poor season ended with a second consecutive direct relegation. He then coached amateur Eccellenza team Conegliano the following season, leading them to win the league hands down in his first season and obtaining a fifth place in the club's following Serie D campaign. He then coached Serie D team Pievigina before to join Venezia's managing staff.
Manzo was then successively appointed as caretaker coach during the final days of the arancioneroverdi's Serie B campaign, ended with the club being relegated and then cancelled from football. Successively, Venezia were refounded and started back from Serie C2, with Manzo being appointed as the new club's first boss. His second personal spell at Venezia however proved not to be lucky, as he was sacked during the season because of poor results.

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Andrea Rispoli
Andrea Rispoli (born 29 September 1988) is an Italian footballer who plays as a defender for U.C. Sampdoria on loan from Parma.
Rispoli spent entire professional career in Italian Serie B except 2010–11 Serie A.
Born in Cava de' Tirreni, Campania, Rispoli started his professional career at Brescia Calcio. He played for the reserve from 2005 to 2008. He made his debut during 2007–08 Serie B. In January 2010 Rispoli was sold to Parma F.C. in co-ownership deal for €3.5 million. Co-currently Alessandro Budel and Nicolás Córdova moved to Brescia in co-ownership deal for €2.5M and €1M respectively. Rispoli returned to Brescia in temporary deal until 30 June 2010.
On 30 August 2010 Rispoli left for fellow Serie A team U.S. Lecce in temporary deal along with Manuel Coppola. In June 2011 both Brescia and Parma gave up the retained registration rights to opposite side for free.
On 1 July 2011 Rispoli and Paolo Castellini were exchanged with Jonathan Biabiany.
On 12 August 2009 he made his debut with the Italy U-21 scoring a goal in the friendly against Russia. Rispoli played the second round of 2011 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship qualification, against Luxembourg as a sub of Mattia Mustacchio. Rispoli returned to the squad for the play-offs.

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Angelo Bencivenga
Angelo Bencivenga (born 25 July 1991 in Cesena) is an Italian professional football player currently playing for Pro Vercelli on loan from Parma.
Bencivenga returned to Italy in January 2009 for Udinese in January 2009, from Swiss side La Chaux-de-Fonds.

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Antonio Mirante
Antonio Mirante (born 8 July 1983 in Castellammare di Stabia, Province of Naples) is an Italian footballer who currently plays for Parma F.C.
Started his professional career with Juve, Mirante was loaned to Crotone in 2004, with Bartolucci, Guzman, Konko, Paro and Gastaldello.
In 2005 he was loaned to Siena with Legrottaglie, Tudor, Paro, Gastaldello, Packer, Molinaro, Cacciotto and Volpato.
He was back to Juventus in 2006 due to Juventus relegation to Serie B and was capped for the first time when first choice goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon was red carded against U.C. AlbinoLeffe in the 24th minute.
He was transferred to the Italian Serie A club U.C. Sampdoria on a one-year loan deal for season 2007–08.
During the transfer window of 2008, Sampdoria bought half of the registration rights of Mirante for €1.5M from Juventus, on 19 July 2009 he went on loan to Parma F.C. in exchange for Marco Rossi.
In June 2010, Sampdoria decided not to buy Rossi but sold Mirante to Parma. The Genoa club bought the remaining half from Juventus for another €1.5M and sold to Parma for €3.6M, despite losing its 'keeper Luca Castellazzi to Internazionale and failing to sign Marco Storari from Milan, who had been on loan at the club.

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Arnaldo Sentimenti
Arnaldo "Cherry" Sentimenti (24 May 1914 - June 1997) also known as Sentimenti II is a former Italian football player and coach from Bomporto in the Province of Modena. He played club football for SSC Napoli where he spent over a decade.
The Sentimenti family were prominent in Italian football, several of Lucidio's relatives in the game include his brothers; Ennio, Lucidio, Vittorio and Primo, his cousins Lino and nephews Roberto and Andrea Sentimenti.

wn.com/Arnaldo_Sentimenti
Arrigo Sacchi
Arrigo Sacchi (Italian pronunciation: [arˈriɡo ˈsakki]; born 1 April 1946 in Fusignano) is an Italian football coach. He is best known for his success coaching Italian teams, particularly with Milan where he won back to back European Cups as coach in the late eighties where he was head coach of the Italy national football team (1991–1996). He was twice manager of A.C. Milan (1987–1991, 1996–1997).
Sacchi never played football professionally, and before becoming a coach he was a shoe salesman. This led to his famous quote to the ones that questioned his qualifications: "I never realised that in order to become a jockey you have to have been a horse first".
Sacchi had grown up watching attacking sides, such as Honved, Real Madrid, Brazil and Holland. This meant that his coaching style would be set aside from the defensive mentality of Italy at the time. He started his career managing his local club, Baracca Lugo, because he wasn't good enough to play for them. He did have trouble winning them over, however. Sacchi said "I was twenty-six, my goalkeeper was thirty-nine and my centre-forward was thirty-two. I had to win them over". He then moved on to Bellaria before joining A.C. Cesena, who were in the Serie B. He worked there with the youth team. He then took over at Rimini who were playing in the Serie C1, and almost led them to a title. He got his breakthrough when he moved to Fiorentina as a youth coach. His achievements with the youth team earned interest from Parma F.C. who were in Serie C1. He got Parma promoted in his first season, and the following season took them to within 3 points of the Serie A, narrowly missing out on promotion. However, the importance of his time at Parma was due to the Coppa Italia. In the group stages, he beat Milan 1–0 and beat them again 1–0 on aggregate in the first knockout round. This was enough to attract interest from Silvio Berlusconi, owner of A.C. Milan. He appointed Arrigo Sacchi as manager.

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Austria
Austria (ⁱ/ˈɒstriə/ or /ˈɔːstriə/; German: Österreich [ˈøːstɐˌʁaɪç] ( listen)), officially the Republic of Austria (German: Republik Österreich (help·info)), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.47 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Hungary and Slovakia to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers 83,855 square kilometres (32,377 sq mi) and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below 500 metres (1,640 ft), and its highest point is 3,798 metres (12,461 ft). The majority of the population speak local Austro-Bavarian dialects of German as their native language, and German in its standard form is the country's official language. Other local official languages are Burgenland Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
The origins of modern-day Austria date back to the time of the Habsburg dynasty when the vast majority of the country was a part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Austria became one of the great powers of Europe and, in response to the coronation of Napoleon I as the Emperor of the French, the Austrian Empire was officially proclaimed in 1804. In 1867, the Austrian Empire was reformed into Austria-Hungary.

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Bruno Mora
Bruno Mora (born March 29, 1937 in Parma; died December 10, 1986 in Parma) was an Italian football player and coach.
He played 13 seasons (241 games, 63 goals) in the Serie A for U.C. Sampdoria, Juventus F.C., A.C. Milan and A.C. Parma
He earned 21 caps and scored 4 goals for the Italy national football team, and played in the 1962 FIFA World Cup.

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Calisto Tanzi
Calisto Tanzi (Collecchio, November 17, 1938) is an Italian businessman notorious for embezzling an estimated eight-hundred million euros from Italian company Parmalat, founded by him, resulting in a great loss for the company. Tanzi was the founder of Parmalat and its CEO, at the time. Tanzi founded Parmalat in 1961, after dropping out of college. Parmalat collapsed in 2003 with a 14bn euro ($20bn; £13bn) hole in its accounts in what remains Europe's biggest bankruptcy.
In December 2008 Tanzi was convicted by a Milan court to 10 years in prison for fraud. Tanzi appealed the sentence but the appeals court upheld it in May 2010. The Corte di Cassazione reduced it to eight years and one month, after which Tanzi was imprisoned on May 5, 2011.
On December 9, 2010 a court in Parma found Tanzi guilty of fraudulent bankruptcy and criminal association and sentenced him to 18 years in prison. Tanzi appealed the sentence and the appeal trial started in December 2011 in Bologna.
On December 20, 2011 Tanzi was sentenced to a further nine years and two months for the Parmatour bankruptcy.

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Carlo Ancelotti
Carlo Ancelotti (Italian pronunciation: [ˈkarlo antʃeˈlɔtti]; born 10 June 1959) is an Italian football manager, and the current manager of Paris Saint-Germain in the French Ligue 1. Nicknamed Carletto, Ancelotti played as a midfielder and had a successful career with Roma – captaining the team – with whom he won one Scudetto and four Coppa Italia honours and was part of the legendary late 1980s Milan team with whom he won two Scudetti and two European Cups in a five-year period. He was capped 26 times and scored one goal for the Italian national team and appeared at the 1986 and 1990 World Cups.
After spells as manager of Reggiana, Parma and Juventus, Ancelotti was appointed Milan manager in 2001. He won the Scudetto in 2004, the Champions League in 2003 and 2007 and the Coppa Italia in 2003. They were also Serie A and Champions League runner-ups in 2005. He is one of six men to have won the European Cup/Champions League as player and manager. In May 2009, he was appointed Chelsea manager and in his first season led them to a historic Premier League and FA Cup Double. He became only the second non-British manager to win the double, the other being Arsène Wenger. After an uneven Premier League season in which Chelsea failed to retain the title, Ancelotti was dismissed as their manager in May 2011. On 30 December 2011, Ancelotti signed a contract with ambitious French side Paris Saint-Germain.

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Carlo Rigotti
Carlo Rigotti (10 February 1906 - 5 September 1983) was an Italian football player and manager from Trieste. Over the course of his career, Rigotti played for three Serie A clubs; he started his career with hometown side Triestina, then going on to play for Milan and Novara.
After retiring from the playing field, he became a manager at numerous clubs up and down Italy and Switzerland.

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Cesare Maldini
Cesare Maldini born 5 February 1932, Trieste, Venezia Giulia, Italy, is a football manager and former player with AC Milan. His position was centre back. Maldini represented Italy in the 1962 and 1966 World Cups.
Born in Trieste, Maldini's parents were working class people of Slovene origin whose surname Maldič was Italianised to Maldini in 1931. Maldini grew up in the predominantly Slovene-speaking suburb of Servola (Slovene: Škedenj), He has a typical Triestine accent. His son Paolo, also a defender, once held the record for the most caps for the Italian national team (now second to Fabio Cannavaro). The younger Maldini captained Milan to the UEFA Champions League title in 2003. Maldini's grandsons, Christian and Daniel play football in junior teams.

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Cesare Prandelli
Cesare Claudio Prandelli (Italian pronunciation: [ˈtʃɛzare pranˈdɛlli]; born 19 August 1957 in Orzinuovi, province of Brescia) is an Italian football coach and former player. He is currently the manager of the Italy national football team.
Prandelli was a midfielder who moved from Atalanta to Juventus in 1979. His first game for Juventus was in the 1979–80 European Cup Winners' Cup against Raba ETO Gyor. He played six seasons with Juventus, with his final game in the 1984–85 Coppa Italia against Milan.
In total, Prandelli played in 197 Serie A matches.
Prandelli started his managing career as youth team coach for Atalanta. He coached Atalanta's youth squad with excellent results from 1990 to 1997, except for a seven-months parenthesis, from November 1993 to June 1994, in which he served as caretaker for the first team, then relegated to Serie B. After a poor 1997–98 Serie A campaign as Lecce head coach ended in a sacking in January 1998, Prandelli headed Hellas Verona for two seasons, leading the gialloblu to an immediate promotion to Serie A, and then to a very good ninth place the next year. He later spent two years with Parma, where he fully reached national glory.

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Claudio Ranieri
Claudio Ranieri (born 20 October 1951 in Rome) is an Italian football manager who is the coach of AS Monaco. He previously managed many other well-known European clubs, namely Napoli, Fiorentina, Valencia, Atlético Madrid, Chelsea, Parma, Juventus, Roma and lastly Inter.

Ranieri first signed as a professional football player with Roma, though in his two seasons with the club he only made six appearances; he also had a one-month loan spell with Siracusa. As a player, Ranieri played most of his career as a defender for Catanzaro (1974–1982), Catania (1982–1984), and Palermo (1984–1986). He was involved in four successful promotion campaigns (two with Catanzaro and one each with Catania and Palermo).
After amateur side Vigor Lamezia, his first managerial position was at Campania Puteolana, a small team in Pozzuoli. He took charge there in 1987. However, it was at Cagliari that he made his name, getting them promoted to Serie A from the third division Serie C1 in successive seasons.He moved to coach at Napoli for two seasons. Despite finishing in fourth place in Serie A, he won no silverware. He did, however, introduce Gianfranco Zola to the first team to replace Diego Maradona. He joined Fiorentina in 1993, gaining promotion from Serie B in his first season. He subsequently had success in Serie A, winning the Coppa Italia and SuperCoppa Italiana in 1996. In 1997, Ranieri moved to Spain to take over at Valencia. He was the coach from 1997 to 1999 and guided Valencia to UEFA Champions League qualification and the Copa del Rey in 1999.

wn.com/Claudio_Ranieri
Cristian Zaccardo
Cristian Zaccardo, Ufficiale OMRI (born December 21, 1981 in Formigine, Modena) is an Italian World Cup-winning footballer, who plays for Italian Serie A club Parma. He plays primarily as a right full back but is also capable of playing at centre back.
One of the best products of the Bologna youth system, Zaccardo debuted in the first team in 2001, under the direction of coach Francesco Guidolin, immediately becoming a regular for the rossoblu and Italy's "Under 21" national team. He left Bologna in 2004 to join his former coach Guidolin in Palermo. After a season spent in Germany at VfL Wolfsburg, in August 2009 he rejoined his former coach Guidolin at Parma F.C.
He was part of the Italian squad who won the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Zaccardo made three appearances in the competition, scoring an own goal off an attempted clearance in the second azzurri match, a 1–1 draw against the United States. He has been overlooked for national team selection in tournament competitions ever since.

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Cristiano Lucarelli
Cristiano Lucarelli (born 4 October 1975 in Livorno, Italy) is an Italian footballer who plays as a striker for Serie A side S.S.C. Napoli on loan from Parma.
A journeyman striker, Lucarelli had stints with eight different teams (including a brief run in Spain) before signing with hometown A.S. Livorno Calcio in 2003. While playing for Torino F.C. the previous season, he attended a match that saw Livorno emerge victorious and earn promotion to Serie B, and he was among a throng of fans who rushed the pitch afterwards in celebration. He made an immediate impact in Livorno's return to Serie A in the 2003–04 season, scoring 29 goals in 38 matches and instantly winning a space in the hearts of Amaranto fans. He won the Golden Boot Award as Serie A's top goalscorer the following season, with 24 in 35 matches as Livorno finished in eighth place.
A rarity in the football world in terms of club loyalty, he rejected several better-paying offers from other Italian and European clubs (among them a €3 million offer from FC Zenit Saint Petersburg in July 2006) to remain with Livorno. He was once quoted as saying, "Some football players pay a billion for a Ferrari or a yacht; with that money I bought myself Livorno’s shirt. That's all."

wn.com/Cristiano_Lucarelli
Daniel Ciofani
Daniel Ciofani (born 31 July 1985) is an Italian footballer who plays for Serie B team Gubbio, on loan from Parma.
A right footed striker, Ciofani had spent 3½ seasons in Lega Pro Seconda Divisione (4th highest level), scoring 50 goals, and additional 2 in playoffs. He maintained his goal scoring ratio (about 0.45 goals per game) in Italian third highest level in 2010–11 season, made him signed by a Serie B club in 2011.
Born in Avezzano, Abruzzo, Ciofani started his career at Serie B side Pescara. In August 2006, he was loaned to Serie C1 side Celano along with Alessio Spoltore. He made 29 league appearances for Celano and returned to Pescara on 1 July 2007. With Pescara which the team recently relegated to Serie C1 in June 2007, he only made 2 appearances. On 4 January 2008, he was loaned to Gela of Serie C2. He scored 7 goals in half season.
Ciofani was loaned to Seconda Divisione (ex- Serie C2) side Cisco Roma in August 2008 (renamed to Atletico Roma in 2010) with option to buy half of the registration rights in June 2009. He scored 37 goals in 2 seasons and won the promotion playoffs with Cisco Roma in 2010. He was the team top-scorer of Cisco Roma and top-scorer of the 2^ndDivisione Group C in 2009–10 season. Which he was the joint-topscorer of the league along with Alessandro Marotta of Group B. He scored 2 more goals in the playoffs, just 1 goal short behind Alessandro Cesarini and Giacomo Casoli (both 3 goals) and shared the play-offs second highest scorer with Alessandro Cesca, Francesco Corapi, Antonio Ciro Montella and Antonio Gaeta; thus he was the overall top-scorer of the 2nd Divisione.

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Daniel Passarella
Daniel Alberto Passarella (born 25 May 1953 in Chacabuco, Buenos Aires province) is a former Argentine football centre back and former manager of the Argentine and Uruguayan national football teams. He was captain of the Argentina team that won the 1978 World Cup. He is the current President of River Plate after winning the elections by a very close margin in December 2009.
Passarella started his career at Sarmiento of Junin, Buenos Aires province. From there he joined River Plate, then Fiorentina of Italy and briefly, Internazionale. After his successful spell in the Serie A, he returned to River Plate, where he played until his retirement.
He was called "El Gran Capitán" (the Great Captain, nickname of Argentine Independence heroe José de San Martín) or "El Kaiser" (an allusion to Franz Beckenbauer) because of his leadership ability, his passion, and his organisational prowess on the field. He was a defender who often joined the attack, and helped generate and finish offensive plays. At some point, he became football's top scoring defender, with 134 goals in 451 matches (that record was since broken by Dutch defender Ronald Koeman).

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Daniele Galloppa
Daniele Galloppa (born 15 May 1985 in Rome) is an Italian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Serie A club Parma. Galloppa is a central midfield playmaker with outstanding reading of the game, excellent vision and an ability to deliver incisive passes.^{[citation needed]}
In August 2006 he was loaned to Serie A club Ascoli.
On 30 January 2007 he was loaned to A.C. Siena. On February 17, 2007 he played his first club match for Siena against Milan.
Galloppa was sold to Siena in July 2007, in co-ownership deal for €1.1M. In June 2008 Siena signed him outright for €1.75M, as well as half of the card of Gianluca Curci for €1.75M; Roma signed Artur for €0.75M, Simone Loria for €2.8M in exchange.
On 26 June 2009 he left Siena to join Parma in a co-ownership deal, for €5M. Parma also signed Manuel Coppola for undisclosed fee and Siena signed Francesco Parravicini for undisclosed fee and half of the registration rights of Reginaldo for €2.5M.
Galloppa instantly became a fixture in a newly promoted side that finished in an excellent seventh position in the 2009-10 season. The following season was disrupted by injury and Galloppa was able to make only 11 appearances (six as a substitute) all season. Nevertheless, his registration was bought outright by Parma in June 2011. Parma signed him for the pre-agreed price of €5M, which Siena got Reginaldo also for the pre-agreed price of €2.5M as well as Ângelo for €2.5M, which a year before was a free agent.

wn.com/Daniele_Galloppa
David Löfquist
David Löfquist (born 6 August 1986) is a Swedish footballer. He is currently playing for A.S. Gubbio 1910 on loan from Serie A club Parma.
Löfquist started his career in Mjällby AIF.

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Davide Colomba
Davide Colomba (born 19 July 1988 in Bologna) is an Italian professional football player currently playing for Serie B team Crotone on loan from Parma. He is the son of current Parma head coach Franco Colomba, who brought Davide to Parma before sending him out on loan to Crotone shortly after in the summer of 2011.
He joined Foggia in 2008.

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Dino Baggio
Dino Baggio (born 24 July 1971 in Camposampiero) is a retired Italian football defensive midfielder. He has 60 caps at international level for the Italian national team.
In his club career, Dino Baggio played for Torino (1989–91), Inter Milan (1991–92), Juventus (1992–94), Parma (1994–2000), Lazio (2000–03 and 2004–05), Blackburn Rovers (2003–04), Ancona (2004). After having joined Triestina of Italian Serie B in the summer of 2005, he rescinded the contract because of personal issues with coach Pietro Vierchowod, playing just three times for the giuliani. He won the UEFA Cup three times, twice with Parma and once with Juventus.
Baggio was spotted by AC Torino scouts as a child and taken into the Torino youth system. He made his debut as a 19 year old in the match Torino vs Lazio. He then became a Torino regular and was a promising youngster. He was a defensive midfielder with strength, pace, and even could go up and score a goal or two. He was sold to Inter at the age of 20 in 1991 for the 1991–92 season.

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Domenico Di Carlo
Domenico "Mimmo" Di Carlo (born 23 March 1964 in Cassino, Frosinone) is an Italian association football coach, and former player, currently head coach of ChievoVerona.
Di Carlo started his playing career in his native city, playing for the local Serie C2 team Real Cassino. After a number of seasons played for Treviso, Ternana, Como (where he never appeared in the first team lineup) and Palermo, where he helped the team to obtain a promotion to Serie C1, Di Carlo signed for Serie C1 team Vicenza in 1990. He quickly became one of the key players for the team, with whom he played 9 seasons, obtaining two promotions (from Serie C1 to Serie A), one Coppa Italia and reaching the Cup Winners' Cup semifinals the following year. He left Vicenza in 1999, when he joined Lecce, again in Serie A. His actual last playing season was in 2000/2001 for Livorno of Serie C1, even if on November he joined for a very short time Sudtirol-Alto Adige of Serie C2.
After a period back to Vicenza, where he coached the Primavera youth team, Di Carlo was signed as coach of Serie C2 team Mantova on 2003. He was able to lead the team to back to back promotions leading Mantova to Serie B for the first since a number of decades. His first Serie B season as coach was even better, as his team obtained surprisingly a place in the promotion playoff finals, where was then defeated by giants Torino F.C. after extra time. He coached Mantova also in their 2006–07 Serie B campaign, leading to eighth place but being the first side to defeat Juventus in its first appearance in the division. In June 2007 he left Mantova.

wn.com/Domenico_Di_Carlo
Enrico Bondi
Enrico Bondi (born 5 October, 1934 in Arezzo) is an Italian administrator.
Although he graduated in Chemistry, Bondi has extensive experience of re-structuring companies in financial ill-health. Most notably, he took charge of Parmalat and its subsidiaries during the crisis that followed the Crac Parmalat in the early 2000s. This was a perod which gave rise to a debt of €14bn. Bondi is currently the CEO of Parmalat.
On 11 October 2006, Bondi became president of Parma F.C., a position he held until the club's sale to Tommaso Ghirardi in January 2007.
He was nominated government commissioner for the spending review by the Monti Cabinet on 30 April 2012.

wn.com/Enrico_Bondi
Fabiano Santacroce
Fabiano Santacroce (born 24 August 1986) is an Italian Brazilian central or left defender who currently plays association football for Serie A club Parma, on loan from Napoli. He was born in Brazil to an Italian father and a Afro-Brazilian mother, then spending his childhood in the Lombard town of Casatenovo, in Northern Italy.
Santacroce moved to Brescia and played for their Primavera team before making his first team debut for the rondinelle in a Serie B game on 23 April 2006, against Cesena. He played at Brescia from 2005 to 2007, also ensuring a place in the Italian U-21 team due to his impressive performances with the Lombardian side.
During the January 2008 transfer window, Serie A club Napoli completed the signing of Santacroce in a permanent move, for €5.5 million, becoming the third Brescia player to join the azzurri that year, the other two being Marek Hamšík and Daniele Mannini. He quickly established himself into Napoli's regular lineup, forming a valid defense duo with team captain Paolo Cannavaro, and playing very well throughout the remainder of the season. Santacroce has been described by a number of people in Italy, including Napoli President Aurelio De Laurentiis, as the "new Alessandro Nesta" That half season he started 13 times as well as 27 times in 2008–09 Serie A. However after the arrival of Hugo Campagnaro, Walter Mazzarri started to fix its 3-men defense to Salvatore Aronica, Campagnaro and Cannavaro.

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Fausto Pizzi
Fausto Pizzi (born July 21, 1967 in Rho) is an Italian professional football coach and a former player. Currently, he manages youth team with Parma F.C..

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Fernando Marqués
José Fernando Marqués Martín (born 4 December 1984 in Madrid, Community of Madrid) is a Spanish footballer who plays for Parma F.C. in Italy, as a midfielder.
Marqués first appeared professionally for hometown side Rayo Vallecano, playing 10 matches in the first division, then 25 in the second. In 2004–05, he signed with Racing de Santander, but several bouts of indiscipline made him fall out of favour with the management, and he joined Atlético Madrid on loan, in the January transfer window; he spent his first six months with the capital side's B team.
Eventually, Marqués failed to settle with both clubs, with which he had another spell. After an unassuming stint with CD Castellón, he joined Greek club Iraklis Thessaloniki, settling down until the end of his contract, on 16 June 2009.
On 26 June 2009, Marqués was linked with a move to Celtic Glasgow. Following the initial link with the player, Celtic offered him a trial, on July 14. The player's agent, Manuel Ferrer, was quoted: "Celtic have made a proposal for Fernando to go on trial for a few days. However, this is unsure." He continued: "It's normal in the UK for players to go on trial. In Spain and Europe they do not do this kind of thing. So we are speaking and I hope he will accept." Eventually, nothing came of it.

wn.com/Fernando_Marqués
Filipe Oliveira
Filipe Vilaça Oliveira (born 27 May 1984 in Braga) is a Portuguese footballer who plays for Videoton FC in Hungary on loan from Parma F.C. in Serie A.
Mainly a right midfielder, he can also appear as an offensive right defender.
Oliveira started his footballing career with local Sporting de Braga, joining the club's youth system at the age of 11. Still in his teens, he was bought by Chelsea, for a reported cost of £500,000, making his Premier League debut at Manchester City. However, he never managed to break into the main squad and, from December 2004 – January 2005, served a spell at Preston North End.
Also in 2004–05, he played once for Chelsea, as a substitute in the last game against Newcastle United. During the summer of 2005, Oliveira was loaned to Club Sport Marítimo, with defender Nuno Morais in the same predicament. After the season finished, he agreed to be released from his contract and signed with the Madeira-based team.
After his second season, which included his first Portuguese top flight goal, in a 2–3 loss at neighbours C.D. Nacional, Oliveira was released and joined Leixões SC, which had just returned to the first level after several decades of absence.

wn.com/Filipe_Oliveira
Financial Times
The Financial Times (FT) is an international business newspaper. It is a morning daily newspaper published in London and printed in 24 cities around the world.
Along with FT.com, it has an average daily readership of 2.1 million people worldwide (PwC audited figures, November 2011). FT.com has 4 million registered users and 250,000 digital subscribers, as well as 585,681 paying users. FT Chinese has more than 1.7 million registered users. The Financial Times in print format has an average daily circulation of three hundred and five thousand copies worldwide (the British edition has a daily circulation of eighty eight thousand and a combined Saturday and Sunday, weekend, circulation of one hundred and thirteen thousand copies), as of April 2012.
Founded in 1888 by James Sheridan and Horatio Bottomley, the Financial Times competed with four other finance-oriented newspapers, in 1945 absorbing the last, the Financial News (founded in 1884). The FT specialises in UK and international business and financial news, and is printed as a broadsheet on light salmon paper.

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Francesco Guidolin
Francesco Guidolin (Italian pronunciation: [franˈtʃesko ɡwidoˈlin]; born 3 October 1955 in Castelfranco Veneto) is an Italian football manager and former player, currently serving as head coach of Serie A outfit Udinese.
Guidolin made his professional debut with then-Serie A club Verona in 1975, with whom then spent most of his career, except for a number of loan moves to clubs Sambenedettese, Pistoiese and Bologna. He retired in 1986 after two seasons with Serie C2 club Venezia.
Guidolin also appeared with the Italian Under-21 team between 1976 and 1977.
Guidolin debuted in a managing role in 1988, as head coach of Serie C2 team Giorgione, the main club of his native city, Castelfranco Veneto. He then coached teams such as Treviso (Serie C2), Fano, Empoli and Ravenna (all in Serie C1). After having led Ravenna to a Serie B promotion, Guidolin was successively appointed in 1993 as coach of Serie A team Atalanta, but he did not achieve great success and he was fired after just 10 matches.
The next season, Guidolin joined Vicenza, leading the team from Serie B to win the Coppa Italia in 1997 and even reaching the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup semi-final on his first adventure at the European level, then lost to Gianluca Vialli's Chelsea, in 1998. He also guided Vicenza to top the Serie A league table for a short period throughout the 1996–97 season, leading therefore the biancorossi back to the top level after a period of decline, winning the first domestic trophy ever for the club and gaining only the second appearance in a European competition for the club.

wn.com/Francesco_Guidolin
Francesco Lunardini
Francesco Lunardini (born 3 November 1984 in Cesena) is an Italian professional footballer who plays for A.S. Gubbio 1910 on loan from Parma.
Lunardini began his career with Rimini in 2001, where he spent loan spells at Val di Sangro and Pavia. He signed for Parma in January 2009. He then moved to Serie B outfit Triestina in August 2010.

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Francesco Modesto
Francesco Modesto (born 16 February 1982 in Crotone) is an Italian football (soccer) player who plays as a winger for Parma.
In 2001–02 season, he was signed by A.C. Venezia and loaned back to Cosenza. In August 2002, After Maurizio Zamparini purchased Palermo, he followed team-mate traveled to the Sicily side.
In January 2010 Genoa's winger officially went on loan to Bologna.
On 3 January 2011, Genoa's full share in Modesto was transferred to Parma in a move which saw Parma's share in Luca Antonelli go the other way and the exchange of the half registrations of Raffaele Palladino and Alberto Paloschi. Genoa also paid €7M. Modesto signed a contract until 2014 and became a regular as a left-sided midfielder in Franco Colomba's 4–4–2 in the spring of 2011.
Updated 13 December 2011

wn.com/Francesco_Modesto
Francesco Valiani
Francesco Valiani, (born 29 October 1980 in Pistoia), is an Italian football midfielder currently playing for Parma in Italy's Serie A.
Valiani joined Bologna in January 2008 and helped them to promotion after spending two-and-a-half seasons in Serie B with Rimini. His final game (and goal) for Rimini was on 2008-01-26 and, ironically, against the team he would join the next week. Bologna won the match 2–1.
On August 31, 2008 he made his Serie A debut by scoring the winning goal in a shocking 2–1 win for Bologna at San Siro against AC Milan. On 29 January 2010 Parma signed the midfielder from Bologna in return for winger Andrea Pisanu on joint ownership deals, both player tagged for €2.5 million.
With Parma, he often featured as one of the 3 central midfielder in 3-5-2 formation, or one of the midfielder in 4-3-3 formation. On 17 October 2010, he unusually became a wingforward in the 4-3-3 formation. He generally represented the club on the right-hand side of midfield in Franco Colomba's 4–4–2 formation towards the end of the 2010–11 season and was the outfield player with the most appearances over the seasons, playing in all but three matches.

wn.com/Francesco_Valiani
Franco Colomba
Franco Colomba (born 6 February 1955 in Grosseto) is an Italian football coach and former player, last in charge of Serie A club Parma.
Colomba, a midfielder, started his playing career in Bologna, making his Serie A debut in 1973–74. He played for Bologna until 1983, except two loan spells at Serie B teams Modena and Sambenedettese, in 1975 and 1976 respectively. After having left Bologna, Colomba signed for Avellino, a minor Serie A team where he played until 1988, when Avellino relegated to Serie B, and became a favourite among the biancoverdi fans. He ended his career in 1990 with Modena.
After three years as youth coach for Modena and Spal, Colomba took his first head coaching job in 1993, at the helm of Olbia of Serie C2. After an impressive season with Novara one year later, in 1995 Colomba was called to coach Salernitana, where he narrowly missed immediate promotion to Serie A; he was fired one year later, because of poor results. In 1997, Colomba signed for Reggina of Serie B, where he obtained a seventh place. At the end of the season, he left Reggina for Serie A team Vicenza, where he however did not end the season, being fired after nineteen matchdays.

wn.com/Franco_Colomba
Gabriel Paletta
Gabriel Alejandro Paletta (born 15 February 1986 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is an Argentine central defender who currently plays for Parma in Italy's Serie A.
Paletta came through the youth divisions of Club Atlético Banfield and reached the first team in 2005. When Banfield qualified for the knockout stages of the Copa Libertadores, they altered their 25 man squad for the event to include Paletta and immediately threw him into action against the Colombian team Independiente Medellín. Paletta played well and Banfield progressed, but Paletta was to play no further part in the tournament after being called up to the Argentina Under-20 team to participate in the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship.

wn.com/Gabriel_Paletta
Gabriele Paonessa
Gabriele Paonessa (born 18 April 1987 in Bologna) is an Italian footballer, who currently plays for Calcio Como on loan from Parma.
On 10 June 2010 Parma F.C. announced that they had swapped Daniele Paponi for Paonessa, both half card was tagged for €600,000. Both club retained 50% registration rights of the player.
He made his U-21 team debut against Luxembourg U-21, 12 December 2006, replacing Simone Bentivoglio in the 71st minute and scored his debut goal on the 83rd.

wn.com/Gabriele_Paonessa
Giacomo Chiazzolino
Giacomo Chiazzolino (born May 25, 1986 in Turin) is an Italian professional football player currently playing for Lega Pro Prima Divisione team U.S. Alessandria Calcio 1912 on loan from Parma F.C.

wn.com/Giacomo_Chiazzolino
Gianluca Lapadula
Gianluca Lapadula (or spells as La Padula, born 7 February 1990) is an Italian footballer who plays for Parma.
Born in Turin, Piedmont, Lapadula started his career with Juventus FC from 1996 to 2004. Then he played in RivoliCollegno, which located in Rivoli, the Province of Turin. He then left on loan to Veneto side Treviso, then returned to Piedmont for Serie C2 side Pro Vercelli. In 2008–09 season, he left for Lega Pro Seconda Divisione (ex–Serie C2) side Ivrea, and was selected to 2nd Div. A representative team for Lega Pro Quadrangular Tournament and scored a goal against 2nd Div. C representative team in the third place match. Eventually Group A finished as the third.
In August 2009 he was scouted by Serie A side Parma. He spent a season at their Primavera team. In July 2010, he left for Atletico Roma along with Alessio Tombesi (co–ownership), Abdou Doumbia (loan) and Abel Gigli (loan), as part of the deal that Parma signed Lega Pro 2nd Div. top-scorer Daniel Ciofani in co–ownership deal.

wn.com/Gianluca_Lapadula
Gianluca Musacci
Gianluca Musacci (born 1 April 1987 in Viareggio, Province of Lucca) is an Italian footballer. He plays as a Midfielder. He is currently playing for Italian Serie A team Parma on loan from Empoli.
In 2010-11 season, he often partnered with Moro and/or Mirko Valdifiori to form 3 (or 2) defensive midfielder role.

wn.com/Gianluca_Musacci
Giuseppe Verdi
Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi (Italian pronunciation: [dʒuˈzɛppe ˈverdi]; 10 October 1813 – 27 January 1901) was an Italian Romantic composer, mainly of opera. He was one of the most influential composers of the 19th century. His works are frequently performed in opera houses throughout the world and, transcending the boundaries of the genre, some of his themes have long since taken root in popular culture – such as "La donna è mobile" from Rigoletto, "Va, pensiero" (The Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves) from Nabucco, "Libiamo ne' lieti calici" (The Drinking Song) from La traviata and the "Grand March" from Aida.
Verdi’s masterworks dominate the standard opera repertoire a century and a half after their composition.
Verdi was born the son of Carlo Giuseppe Verdi and Luigia Uttini in Le Roncole, a village near Busseto, then in the Département Taro which was a part of the First French Empire after the annexation of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza. The baptismal register, on 11 October lists him as being "born yesterday", but since days were often considered to begin at sunset, this could have meant either 9 or 10 October. The next day, he was baptized in the Roman Catholic Church in Latin as Joseph Fortuninus Franciscus. The day after that (Tuesday), Verdi's father took his newborn the three miles to Busseto, where the baby was recorded as Joseph Fortunin François; the clerk wrote in French. "So it happened that for the civil and temporal world Verdi was born a Frenchman."

wn.com/Giuseppe_Verdi
Gonçalo Brandão
Gonçalo Jardim Brandão (born 9 October 1986 in Lisbon) is a Portuguese footballer who plays for Parma F.C. in Serie A on loan from A.C. Siena. Mainly a central defender, he can also appear as a left back.
A product of hometown C.F. Os Belenenses' youth system, Brandão made is debut in the first division against F.C. Porto, scoring in a 1–4 home loss, on 18 October 2003, aged 17, when he still had not finished his youth career. Ironically, he only managed another seven first-team appearances in the next three seasons combined, with a loan to Charlton Athletic in 2005–06 in between (no Premier League matches played).
On 4 February 2007, Brandão played his first league match after his Belenenses return against Vitória de Setúbal. In June 2008, it was announced he had signed with Serie A's A.C. Siena. After a shaky start (he made his league debut only on 20 December, in a 1–2 home defeat against F.C. Internazionale Milano), he finished his first season as an undisputed starter.
After the end of the 2009–10 season, Brandão was loaned to Juventus F.C. for the United States tour, along with Albin Ekdal (owned by Juve and loaned to Siena) and three other players. On 22 June 2011, after contributing with only two games to Siena's top flight return, he signed for Parma F.C. on loan.

wn.com/Gonçalo_Brandão
Graziano Pellè
Graziano Pellè (born 15 July 1985) is an Italian footballer who plays for U.C. Sampdoria on loan from Parma F.C. in Serie A, as a centre forward.
Born in San Cesario di Lecce, Province of Lecce, Pellè started playing for U.S. Lecce's youth teams, winning two Campionato Primavera titles (2003–04) and the Coppa Italia Primavera (2002). He made his Serie A debut on 11 January 2004, in 1–2 home defeat against Bologna F.C. 1909, making a total of two appearances in the season.
In January 2005, Pellè was loaned out to Catania Calcio in Serie B, being regularly used but failing to find the net. In the summer took part in the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship with the under-20 team, scoring four goals in an eventual quarterfinal exit, and returned to Lecce for 2005–06, only to be loaned again in the winter transfer window, again to the second division, now to F.C. Crotone.
In the 2006–07 season, Pellè was yet again loaned to a level two club, this time to A.C. Cesena, where he had a breakthrough year with 10 goals, thus earning a spot in the Italian team at the 2007 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship, where he collected three appearances, all as a substitute. In the 5th-place playoff match against Portugal, he scored the first penalty kick in the shootout win, through a chip.

wn.com/Graziano_Pellè
Grégoire Defrel
Grégoire Defrel (born 17 June 1991) is a French professional footballer who plays for U.S. Foggia on loan from Parma.
Defrel – a fine dribbler who has been compared to compatriot Jérémy Menez – joined Parma in 2009 and made his début for the club as a substitute at the age of 19 on 22 May 2011 in the final game of the 2010–11 Serie A season in a dead rubber against Cagliari, a match that ended 1–1.

wn.com/Grégoire_Defrel
Guido Ara
Guido Ara (28 August 1888 – 2 July 1975) was an Italian association footballer and manager from Vercelli in the region of Piedmont. He is most noted for his playing career at Pro Vercelli where he was a one club man, winning six Serie A titles; during the club's entire history they only won seven. Ara represented Italy at international level.
Ara went on to manage some of the top clubs in Italy, including Pro Vercelli; he managed the club when they won their seventh and final scudetto title, meaning anytime Pro Vercelli won the Italian Football Championship, Ara was at the club.

wn.com/Guido_Ara
Hernán Crespo
Hernán Jorge Crespo (born 5 July 1975) is an Argentine footballer who is currently out of contract. Crespo has scored over 300 goals in a career spanning 18 years. His honors include an Olympic Games silver medal, a Copa Libertadores, an English Premier League title and three Scudettos. He was topscorer in the 2000–01 Serie A with 26 goals, while playing for Lazio. Crespo once held the world record in transfer fee, when he was bought by Lazio from Parma in July 2000.
Crespo made his debut with River Plate during the 1993–94 season, scoring 13 goals in 25 league appearances as River Plate won the Apertura league title. In 1996, Crespo helped River win the Copa Libertadores, scoring twice in the home leg of the final in Buenos Aires.
Crespo left River Plate for Parma on 14 August 1996 after he won the silver medal with Argentina at the 1996 Summer Olympics and finished as the top scorer with six goals. He failed to score in his first six months at the club and was routinely booed with head coach Carlo Ancelotti coming in for much criticism for keeping faith with the selection of Crespo. His faith was, however, vindicated: the young Argentine went on to score 12 times in 27 matches in his first Serie A season and Parma finished runners-up to Juventus. The turning point was the standing applause he received for his brace against Calcio in March 1997. Parma won the 1998–99 Italian Cup and he scored the opening goal in Parma's 3–0 UEFA Cup final victory over Olympique de Marseille. He had scored 80 goals in four seasons.

wn.com/Hernán_Crespo
Héctor Cúper
Héctor Raúl Cúper (born 16 November 1955 in Chabás, Santa Fe Province, Argentina) is an Argentinean former football defender and now a manager who currently manages Orduspor in Turkish Süper Lig.
Cúper started his coaching career in Huracán, a year and a half after his retirement. After three years he moved to Club Atlético Lanús, and two years later he made the jump to Europe. In 1997 he was hired by RCD Mallorca, and in the very first season he drove the modest club to the final of the Copa del Rey, which he would lose against FC Barcelona. The following season the team reached the final of the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, beating Heart of Midlothian on the way, losing to S.S. Lazio. However, in the same season the team had its revenge against Barcelona, winning the Supercopa de España in 1998. That season RCD Mallorca also recorded their best historical position at the end of the league with a 3rd place, allowing the team to play in the UEFA Champions League.
Cúper moved to the Valencia in 1999, where he maintained his bad luck in finals, losing the final of the Champions League two consecutive times; in 2000 against Real Madrid, and in 2001 against Bayern Munich on penalty shootout.

wn.com/Héctor_Cúper
Ivan Cacchioli
Ivan Cacchioli (born 17 July 1990 in Carrara, Italy) is a Italian football player who is currently playing for Pavia on loan from Parma.
Finocchio joined third tier side Pavia from Parma on loan in the summer of 2011 in a year-long deal.

wn.com/Ivan_Cacchioli
Jaime Valdés
Jaime Andrés Valdés Zapata (born 11 January 1981) is a Chilean footballer who plays for Chile national team and Italian Serie A team Parma.
Valdés can plays various attacking roles, including left or right winger, playmaker and second striker. He is primarily right-footed.
Valdés started his career at Santiago-based Palestino.
In December 1999, he was signed by then Italian Serie A side Bari along with countryman Pascual De Gregorio. He made his Serie A debut in the next season, on 15 October 2000. He replaced Rachid Neqrouz in the 84th minute when the team was a goal down to Juventus. The matched ended in 2-0. Valdés followed the team down to Serie B after the club's June 2001 relegation and became a first-team regular in the team, replacing Antonio Cassano.
In August 2004, he was signed by Serie A side ACF Fiorentina in a co-ownership deal. As part of the deal, Massimiliano Scaglia moved in the opposite direction, also in a co-ownership deal. Valdés played his first league game for La Viola on 19 December 2004, a 2–0 victory over Chievo. He replaced Javier Portillo in the 76th minute, six minutes after Portillo scored the 2nd goal. He only played 5 Serie A matches for Fiorentina in the first half of the season.

wn.com/Jaime_Valdés
Jonathan Biabiany
Jonathan Ludovic Biabiany (born 28 April 1988 in Paris) is a French footballer who currently plays as a winger or striker for Serie A club Parma on loan from Sampdoria.
Biabiany, who is of Guadeloupean descent, began his career with a local club in Le Blanc-Mesnil (in the northeastern suburbs of Paris) and was signed by Italian giants Internazionale in July 2004, initially credited as Jonathan Begora.
Biabiany, along with Sebastián Ribas, made his senior debut for Internazionale against Empoli F.C. in the Coppa Italia, in January, 2007.
In August 2007, he was loaned to Chievo, but did not play. Instead he played in the youth team.
He was then loaned to Modena in January 2008, where his loan was extended to a further season in July 2008. He also appeared as an unused substitute for Internazionale in a pre-season friendly.
In July 2009, he was loaned to Parma who had recently returned to Serie A. Biabiany featured in the starting 11 for the first few league matches. After international duty for France U21, he did not play again for Parma due to injury until late November.

wn.com/Jonathan_Biabiany
Jonathan Moreira
Jonathan Cícero Moreira nicknamed The Panther or simply Jonathan (born on February 27, 1986 in Conselheiro Lafaiete), is a Brazilian footballer who currently plays as a right wingback for Italian Serie A club Internazionale.
Jonathan made his debut as professionist in the Campeonato Brasileiro for Cruzeiro against Santos in a 3–2 home win on July 24, 2005. He scored his first goal as professionist against Corinthians in a 3–0 away win on August 25, 2007.^{[citation needed]}
In December 2010, Jonathan signed by Santos for €2 million (with Cruzeiro retained 50% registration rights). Santos paid €1.2 million to acquire 30% while Santos's investment partner Terceira Estrela Investimentos S/A (TEISA) acquired 20% for €800,000. He signed a 4-year contract with €15 million release clause. With Santos, he won Campeonato Paulista and Copa Libertadores.
On 13 July 2011, it was announced that Jonathan would leave Santos to train with Serie A giants Internazionale, pending the finalization of the transfer. Two days later, on July 15, he officially became an Interazionale player and signed a four-year contract. In January 2012, he moved to Parma on loan until the end of the season and established himself as the team's regular right wing-back.^{[citation needed]} After played for Parma in the last round, Jonathan returned to Milan and was included in the 20-men squad to Indonesia .

wn.com/Jonathan_Moreira
Luca Bucci
Luca Bucci (born March 13, 1969 in Bologna) is a retired Italian football goalkeeper.
After a few years in the third and second levels, Bucci made his Serie A debut playing for Parma F.C., in a league match against Udinese Calcio on August 29, 1993. At Parma, however, Bucci was soon overtaken by 17-year-old Primavera keeper Gianluigi Buffon, and he then decided to leave the team in order to play more regularly.
After playing six months for Perugia Calcio, Bucci joined second division's Torino F.C. in 1997, remaining with the granata for six seasons, when his contract expired. He then decided to join Empoli F.C.. However, he only managed to play in half of the games, as the club were eventually relegated, with Bucci leaving at the season's end.
After six months of inactivity, Bucci moved back to Parma in January 2005 to replace Gianluca Berti who left for Torino F.C., initially as a reserve goalkeeper. He was the first choice after the left of Sébastien Frey, ahead Cristiano Lupatelli and Matteo Guardalben in 2005-06 season, Alfonso De Lucia and Fabio Virgili in 2006–07 season, Nicola Pavarini and Radek Petr in 2007-08 season. After Parma relegated, he was released.

wn.com/Luca_Bucci
Luigi Cagni
Luigi "Gigi" Cagni (born June 14, 1950 in Brescia) is an Italian football (soccer) former player and current manager of Vicenza in Serie B.
Cagni, a defender, made his Serie A debut for Brescia in 1970, in a league match lost 4-0 to Cagliari. He played only eight Serie A matches, but gained a deep experience of Serie B, where he played 473 matches and scored 5 goals.
After a season as youth team coach in his home team Brescia, Cagni coached Centese of Serie C2 in 1989–90, and successively signed for Piacenza of Serie C1 in 1990–91, becoming one of the main authors of Piacenza's first appearance in Serie A, in 1993. Cagni stayed at Piacenza until 1996, when he moved to Hellas Verona F.C., again in Serie A. However, Cagni was not able to maintain his team to the top division, and Verona relegated. Since then, Cagni mostly served for Serie B teams, with the exception of Piacenza, who rehired him in 2002–03 in an unsuccessful attempt to avoid relegation.
In January 2006, after the dismissal of Mario Somma, Empoli appointed Cagni as head coach. Under his tenure, the experienced boss was able to lead the team up to tenth place, then become seventh following the Calciopoli scandal. His contract with Empoli was extended on March 2007 for another year, following impressive performances which led the team to fight for and eventually gain a spot in the next UEFA Cup, the first appearance in a continental competition for both the small Tuscan club and Cagni himself. However a poor start in the Serie A 2007–08, and a UEFA Cup elimination in the first round to FC Zurich convinced Empoli's management to sack Cagni, appointing Alberto Malesani as replacement. On March 31, 2008 he was re-called at the helm of Empoli, following the club board's decision to fire Malesani too, but he did not manage to save the club from last matchday relegation. He resigned after the verdict.

wn.com/Luigi_Cagni
Manuel Coppola
Manuel Coppola (born 11 May 1982) is an Italian footballer who plays for Empoli on loan from Parma as a midfielder.
Born in Rome, Lazio, Coppola started his professional career at Tivoli. In January 2004 he was signed by Messina, but spent the remainder of the season in Brindisi. In July 2004 he was exchanged with Marco Zoro, who already on loan at Messina. Messina also retained the 50% registration rights.
In June 2005 Messina bought back Coppola and loaned him to Genoa. Coppola won promotion back to Serie B in 2006. In mid-2006 Coppola joined Genoa outright for undisclosed fee, while Messina got Antonio Ghomsi for free,Daniele De Vezze and Massimo Minetti. He won promotion to Serie A in 2006–07 Serie B. Coppola did not included in the club plan for the 2007–08 Serie A, which he only played once.
In January 2008 he moved to another Serie A club Siena. In June 2008 Siena signed Coppola in co-ownership deal, for €1.5 million. In July 2008 Siena also signed Abdelkader Ghezzal (for €3.5million, Genoa bought him for €2M in June) and bought back Fernando Forestieri for €4.5 million in June (was €1.7 million a year before).

wn.com/Manuel_Coppola
Marco Ferrari
Marco Ferrari (born August 21, 1966 in Rimini) is a retired Italian professional football player.

wn.com/Marco_Ferrari
Marino Perani
Marino Perani (born 27 October 1939 in Ponte Nossa) is a retired Italian footballer.
During his club career he played for Italian teams Atalanta, Bologna and Padova. He closed his career in NASL side Toronto Metros-Croatia in 1975. He earned 4 caps and scored 1 goal for the Italy national football team, and participated in the 1966 FIFA World Cup.

wn.com/Marino_Perani
Mario Beretta
Mario Beretta (born October 30, 1959 in Milan) is the Italian association football former manager of Cesena in the Serie A league and former player.
Beretta had a short career as footballer, playing only in the season 1976-77 for Pro Sesto and in that 1978-79 for Rovellasca in Serie D.
In 1982, aged 23, he became a coach for amateur team Abbiategrasso's youth squad, and 1984 for Monza's. He was also a successful School Teacher in the mid eighties for Istituto Gonzaga and Istituto Leopardi in Milan. His first team role came in 1994 for amateur side Corsico, whereas his first professional appearance came the next year for Pro Patria, followed by Saronno, Como and Lumezzane.
After three successful seasons with Varese of Serie C1, Beretta was signed by Ternana of Serie B. An exciting debut in 2002–2003 was followed by a sacking the next season. In 2004–2005, Serie A club Chievo Verona called him to replace Luigi Delneri. Despite a strong starting, Beretta's Chievo slowly but continuously fell down the table, and he was fired three matchdays to the end of the season, with Chievo fully involved in a tough relegation battle, to be replaced by caretaker Maurizio D'Angelo.

wn.com/Mario_Beretta
Mario Bortolazzi
Mario Bortolazzi (born January 10, 1965 in Verona) is an Italian professional football coach and a former player.
He played 12 seasons (241 games, 14 goals) in the Serie A for ACF Fiorentina, A.C. Milan, Hellas Verona F.C., Atalanta B.C. and Genoa C.F.C.
In his coaching career he has so far has always been an assistant to his former Milan teammate Roberto Donadoni.

wn.com/Mario_Bortolazzi
Massimo Gobbi
Massimo Gobbi (born 31 October 1980) is an Italian footballer who plays for Serie A side Parma, as a left back.
Born in Milan, he played youth football with local top-flight club Milan,^{[citation needed]} before starting his senior career in fourth-tier Serie C2 club Pro Sesto in 1998. He moved to second-tier Serie B club Treviso in 1999, from where he was loaned out to Giugliano (Serie C2) and AlbinoLeffe (Serie C1). He returned to Treviso in 2003, where he got his breakthrough. He played 44 of 46 games for the club during the 2003–04 Serie B season, after which he moved to the newly-promoted club Cagliari Calcio in the top-flight Serie A championship.
He made his Serie A debut on 12 September 2004, in Cagliari's 1–0 win over Bologna, and played 71 of Cagliari's 76 Serie A games over the next two seasons. In June 2006, he was bought back by Treviso but sold to Fiorentina along with Reginaldo on 24 June, and Treviso signed Gianni Guigou as part of the deal. At that time Gobbi was valued €5.54M, while Guigou was valued €240,000. He scored his first goal for the Fiorentina against Juventus on 1 March 2007.

wn.com/Massimo_Gobbi
McDonald Mariga
McDonald Mariga Wanyama (locally /mɑˈriːgɑ wɑŋɑmɑ/; born 4 April 1987) is a Kenyan football player who plays for Inter Milan. Mariga made history as the first Kenyan footballer to play in the UEFA Champions League on 16 March 2010.
Mariga started his playing career at Ulinzi Stars before moving first to Tusker FC and then to Pipeline FC while still at school. Mariga was a member of the Kamukunji High School 'Golden Boys', which also included Kenyan striker Dennis Oliech (Auxerre, France), who won two consecutive National Championships in 2002 & 2003.
The central midfielder went to Sweden in 2005 to play for third Division side Enköpings SK. After only one season at ESK, he signed for Helsingborgs IF before the 2006 season. His success at Helsingborgs was immediate. Following initial interest from Portsmouth manager Harry Redknapp, Mariga looked set to sign for the Premier League team, but work permit issues held up the deal which was supposed to have cost around €2.7million.
He moved to the Serie A club Parma initially on loan in August 2007. The Italian club had an option to buy him in the summer for a fee of 20 million Swedish kronor (around €2million).^{[citation needed]} Mariga agreed to a four year deal to keep him at Serie A side Parma for four years until the end of June 2012, after the club paid a transfer fee for Swedish Kronor 18 million (approx. 1.94 million euros). The deal, brokered by former Swede great Martin Dahlin, now an agent, falls short of the 20 Million Kronnor asking price initially set by Helsingborgs. 25% of the transfer fee will go to Enkopings SK, the club that first got Mariga to Sweden in 2005.

wn.com/McDonald_Mariga
Milan Đurić
Milan Đurić (born May 22, 1990 in Tuzla, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia) is a Bosnian football player who currently plays for Crotone on loan from Parma.
Đurić was born in Tuzla to Bosnian Serb parents (his father, Goran, being a former Bosnian third division football striker) which moved to Pesaro in 1991. Although he was born in Tuzla, his family is from Vlasenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
He played for Vis Pesaro's youth system until 2005, when the club declared bankruptcy and he was consequently released for free, being successively signed by San Marino and successively Cesena, where he plays for the youth team coached by former Bosnian star Davor Jozić. He made his first team debut on October 30, 2007, a Serie B 2007-08 match lost by Cesena against A.C. Mantova and scored his first professional goal a few weeks later in a league match against Frosinone. He was confirmed to Cesena also for the following season, in the Lega Pro Prima Divisione (Italian third tier).
Despite being a Bosnian citizen, Đurić's native language and only known language is Italian. He will be allowed to obtain an Italian passport after his 18th birthday.

wn.com/Milan_Đurić
Mário Rui
Mário Rui Silva Duarte (born 27 May 1991 in Sines, Setúbal), known as Mário Rui, is a Portuguese footballer who plays for A.S. Gubbio 1910 in Italy, as a left defender.

wn.com/Mário_Rui
Nevio Scala
Nevio Scala (born November 22, 1947) is an Italian football coach and former player, mostly famous as head coach of Parma during the club's golden age of the 1990s, leading them from Serie B to several European triumphs.
Born in Lozzo Atestino, Province of Padua, Veneto, Scala enjoyed a successful playing career a midfielder for several Italian top flight teams Roma, Milan, Vicenza and Internazionale, then playing for lower rank clubs Foggia, Monza and Adriese in the final years of his career.
As a coach, he led Calabrian third division club Reggina to Serie B in 1988, and was later called to replace outgoing Arrigo Sacchi (who later went on to become internationally popular with AC Milan) as manager of Serie B club Parma. He held that position for six years, leading the Emilian club to its first promotion in the Italian top flight and then turning the team into a major one in the Italian Serie A, thanks also to the relevant financial backing from chairman and Parmalat founder Calisto Tanzi, and winning a Cup Winners' Cup in 1993 together with the European Super Cup the same year and a UEFA Cup in 1995. He left Parma in June 1996.

wn.com/Nevio_Scala
Nicola Pavarini
Nicola Pavarini (born 24 February 1974 in Brescia) is an Italian footballer, who plays as a goalkeeper for Parma F.C. of Serie A.
Pavarini started his career at Brescia. After he made his first team debut in 1996–97 season, he was loaned to Serie C1 clubs Gualdo and Cesena.
In summer 2001, he left for Acireale of Serie C2, where his started to play regularly in the second season. in summer 2003 he moved back to Serie B for Livorno, replacing Marco Amelia who left Livorno on loan.
Pavarini was signed for Reggina in summer 2004, along with new signing Salvatore Soviero to compete the first choice. In 2005–06 season, he became new signing Ivan Pelizzoli backup. But due to his injury, he managed to play 18 Serie A games.
In June 2006, he was signed by another Seire A club Siena, replacing Antonio Mirante and Marco Fortin. But he played as Austrian international Alexander Manninger's backup. In January 2007, he was exchanged with Francesco Benussi of U.S. Lecce, joining the Serie B team on loan.

wn.com/Nicola_Pavarini
Nicola Sansone
Nicola Sansone (born 10 October 1991) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a forward for F.C. Crotone on loan from Parma.
Sansone was born in Foggia but moved to Germany at a young age and joined local sports club SV Neuperlach. At the age of 10, he transferred to Bayern Munich, where he progressed through the Junior Team. He made his debut for Bayern's reserve team in January 2010, in a 3rd Liga match against Dynamo Dresden. He made three more appearances in the 2009–10 season, and was a regular in the team during the 2010–11 season. In October 2010, he was named on the substitutes bench for the first-team in a Bundesliga match against SC Freiburg. He was released in June 2011 after Bayern's reserves were relegated from the 3. Liga.
Sansone made his U17 debut in November 2007 along with Bayern team-mate Roberto Soriano. Both players also called-up to 2008 Minsk under-17 International Tournament He scored a goal in the second match, a 3–0 won against Belarus. However, he was not called-up to 2008 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship elite round in March.

wn.com/Nicola_Sansone
Nwankwo Obiora
Nwankwo Emeka Obiora (born 12 July 1991 in Kaduna) is a Nigerian football player, who currently plays for A.S. Gubbio 1910 on loan from Parma.
Obiora began his career with Lagos based club ECO FC, before he signed for Heartland F.C.. He left his club Heartland F.C. to join Wikki Tourists F.C. on loan in July 2008.
He then left Heartland F.C. to sign a contract with Real Murcia on 11 May 2009., the contract ran through 30 June 2010, he joined the Spanish Segunda División.
On 28 November 2009 it was announced that Internazionale signed the Nigerian youngster starting on January 2010. On 29 January 2010 Inter signed the Nigerian midfielder from Eco FC Lagos, the youngster was a part of Inter's primavera squad managed by Fulvio Pea. He made his first-team debut in a UEFA Champions League match against Tottenham in London, coming on as a sub for the injured Sulley Muntari in the 53rd minute. On January 31, 2011, he was loaned to Parma before being signed in a co-ownership deal on 24 June 2011.
He was a member of the Nigeria Under-20 squad who played for the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Egypt, was with the team at 2009 WAFU Under 20 tournament and the 2009 African Youth Championship in Rwanda.

wn.com/Nwankwo_Obiora
Pablo Fontanello
Pablo Ezequiel Fontanello (born 26 September 1984 in Lincoln) is an Argentine footballer currently playing for FC Chornomorets Odessa.
Emerged from the lower Deportivo Español, the Argentine player debuted at the club in 2003 and was there until 2006. In 2006, he moved to Tigre. In 2007, he signed for Santiago Wanderers. In 2008, he was repatriated back to Tigre
In 2009, Fontanello transferred to Parma, but returned on loan to Tigre in January 2010. In July 2010, the Argentine defender was loaned again, this time to Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata.
In August 2011, Fontanello was loaned to Chornomorets Odessa until the end of the season.

wn.com/Pablo_Fontanello
Paolo Castellini
Paolo Castellini (born 25 March 1979) is an Italian footballer who plays for U.C. Sampdoria as a left defender.
Born in Brescia, Lombardy, Castellini joined made his professional debuts at U.S. Cremonese at only 17, going on to appear for the club in both the Serie B and Serie C1. In the 2000 summer, he moved to Torino FC, achieving promotion to the top level in his debut season, whilst appearing in 33 matches.
From January 2004, Castellini served a loan at hometown's Brescia Calcio, in the first division (Torino had been again relegated), after which he was released by Toro. In the ensuing summer, he moved abroad and signed with Real Betis of Spain, on a five-year contract. However, his spell in Andalusia would be disastrous, as he never dislodged veteran Luis Fernández from his starting position, also suffering with injuries (torn ligaments and cartilage in his right knee).
After cancelling his link to Betis, Castellini returned to his country in the summer of 2006, joining Parma FC, and being an automatic first-choice from the beginning. In his third season, he played in 41 out of 42 matches, helping the club return to Serie A after only one year.

wn.com/Paolo_Castellini
Pasquale Marino
Pasquale Marino (born July 13, 1962 in Marsala) is an Italian football coach, last in charge as head of Genoa in the Serie A league.
In his playing career, started for his home team, Marsala, Marino never played in divisions higher than Serie C1, and ended his career for Catania in 1996–97.
His coaching career begun in 1997–98 for Serie D team Milazzo, where he nearly won the league at his debut, ending in second place. However, his outbreak came at Paternò, which he led on two consecutive promotions from Serie D to Serie C1. He then signed for Serie C2 Foggia, which he led to an immediate Serie C1 promotion. He made his Serie B debut in 2004–05 with Arezzo, replacing Mario Somma. Fired in the half-season and replaced by Marco Tardelli, he was successively recalled at the helm of the team, ending in 14th place.

wn.com/Pasquale_Marino
Pietro Baccolo
Pietro Baccolo (born 21 June 1990) is an Italian footballer who plays for Frosinone Calcio on loan from Parma.
Born in Brescia, Lombardy, Baccolo started his career at Veneto side Padova.
In January 2010, he was signed by Serie A club Parma in co-ownership deal as part of the deal that Daniele Vantaggiato went to the opposite direction. The deal of Vantaggiato was the registration rights of Baccolo plus €1 million cash. Both club also retained the 50% registration rights. Half of Baccolo's rights was valued for €1.5 million and Vantaggiato for €2.5 million at that time,. made both club mutually had a selling profit despite transfer spending increased. However the transfer fee would amortize over the contract length. Combined with the cost and profit, the transfer made both clubs had a positive net effect in the first season and followed by a negative effect (amortization) in the second year.
He wore no.16 of Parma's first team. However Baccolo was unable to prove his "market" value.
On 21 July 2010, he was loaned to South Tyrol.

wn.com/Pietro_Baccolo
Pietro Carmignani
Pietro "Gedeone" Carmignani (born January 22, 1945 in Altopascio) is an Italian professional football coach and a former player. He is best known for his playing career as a goalkeeper and, later, for being one of most trusted assistants of Arrigo Sacchi throughout his career.

wn.com/Pietro_Carmignani
Pietro Leonardi
Pietro Leonardi (born 29 December 1963 in Rome) is an Italian businessman, currently serving as sporting and managing director of Italian association football club Parma F.C..
He began his career as sporting director at Polisportiva Monterotondo Calcio, where he spent three seasons in Serie D in the early 1990s. After a brief spell at L'Aquila Calcio, he went to Empoli, who played in Serie B, with whom he achieved promotion to Serie A. He then spent a few months at Calcio Savoia, before moving to Juventus in 2000, taking up the position as the director of youth development. He left the Turin-based side in 2004 became director-general at Reggiana, before moving to Udinese, to Cisco Roma and back to Udinese again. In June 2009, he joined Parma. He was initially appointed general manager, but promoted to managing director in October 2009 by the shareholders and was given the power to sign players and control the finances after a successful start under his stewardship.

wn.com/Pietro_Leonardi
Raffaele Palladino
Raffaele Palladino (born 17 April 1984) is an Italian footballer who plays as a striker for Serie A club Parma.
The first team career of Palladino started in his native region of Campania where he played for Benevento in Serie C1. Including games played in Coppa Italia Serie C, his record at Benevento was 12 games played and 5 goals scored.
It was not long before he gained the attentions of Juventus and was signed by the club in 2002, during his earlier years with Juventus he played in reserve and youth levels in competitions such as Torneo di Viareggio (which the club won in 2003 and 2004). However, during the 2003–04 season, he did make one appearance in the Coppa Italia. He scored 41 goals in 61 games in the Campionato Nazionale Primavera.
To gain some first team experience, Palladino was loaned out to Salernitana back in Campania.
The first taste of Serie A football came in 2005–06 for the player, he was loaned out once more, this time to Livorno. Although he gained some valuable experience he did not score as many goals as he did during his spell with Salernitana the previous season.

wn.com/Raffaele_Palladino
Raffaele Schiavi
Raffaele Schiavi (born 15 March 1986 in Cava dei Tirreni) is an Italian footballer, who plays as a centre back for Padova Calcio on loan from Parma.
Schiavi's first club was Salernitana, but he only played eight times before joining Lecce in 2005. He had to wait for a chance in the first team however, and had a loan spell at Brescia where he made four appearances. He joined the Serie B team Vicenza Calcio in 2010, in a loan with option to purchase deal. He was a first team regular for Vicenza in the 2010-11 campaign, making 38 appearances with 3 goals.
In June 2011 Vicenza signed him outright, for €750,000. Co-currently Lecce signed the remain 50% registration of Davide Brivio for €750,000.
On 16 July 2011, Schiavi joined the Serie A side Parma F.C., in exchange with Marco Pisano. He was loaned to Padova Calcio on the same day.
"Scheda anagrafica di Raffaele Schiavi [Data sheet for Raffaele Schiavi]" (in Italian). Football.it. http://aic.football.it/scheda/15310. Retrieved 10 December 2010.

wn.com/Raffaele_Schiavi
Renzo Ulivieri
Renzo Ulivieri (born 2 February 1941 in San Miniato, Province of Pisa) is an Italian association football manager. He is the current chairman of the Associazione Italiana Allenatori Calcio (Italian Football Managers' Association).
After a very short playing career as midfielder for the Fiorentina youth team and Serie C team Cuoiopelli, Ulivieri became coach for Cuoiopelli in 1966, after the team were relegated to Serie D. He then coached several other amateur teams in Tuscany, such as San Miniato, Fucecchio, and the Prato youth squad.
In 1972, he joined Serie C side Empoli, where he served as head coach for three seasons. He then spent two years as Fiorentina youth coach before Ulivieri signing for Ternana of Serie B in 1978. He made his Serie A debut in 1980 for Perugia. Since then, Ulivieri served as head coach for numerous clubs all around the country. His best results were a double consecutive promotion from Serie C1 to Serie A with Bologna, a Torneo di Viareggio with Fiorentina in 1978, and a promotion to Serie A with Sampdoria in 1981–82. He returned to coach Bologna in 2005, but was fired soon after following a series of poor results. He was however recalled on March 2006, after his replacement Andrea Mandorlini did not manage to improve results. Ulivieri coached Bologna also in 2006–2007, but was fired on 14 April 2007 after a 3-0 away loss to Genoa, and following weeks of disputes with club chairman Alfredo Cazzola.

wn.com/Renzo_Ulivieri
Roberto Donadoni
Roberto Donadoni (Italian pronunciation: [roˈbɛrto donaˈdoni]; born 9 September 1963) is an Italian football manager and former player, who is currently in charge of Serie A club Parma.
An attacking midfielder or winger known for pace and technique, he was a pillar of the powerhouse AC Milan teams of the late 1980s and early 1990s and one of the pioneers of Major League Soccer, where he played two seasons for the NY/NJ MetroStars.
This was followed by a spell as head coach of the Italian national team, succeeding Marcello Lippi, who resigned after having won the 2006 FIFA World Cup. At the Euro 2008 campaign, with Donadoni as coach, Italy reached the quarter-finals of the tournament, losing against Spain. On 26 June 2008, Donadoni was subsequently dismissed despite having signed a contract extension prior to the beginning of Euro 2008, using a clause in the contract which allowed termination if Italy does not reach the semi-final. He was replaced by Marcello Lippi who returned as national team manager.

wn.com/Roberto_Donadoni
Rolf Feltscher
Rolf Feltscher (born 6 October 1990) is a Venezuelan international football defender of Venezuelan and Swiss descent who currently plays for Parma.
Despite being just 16 years old, he was given his league debut in Grasshopper's first match of the 2007–08 season, a 2–0 victory over FC St. Gallen, playing 90 minutes at right back. He was also a key member of the Switzerland U-17 team during the qualifying round of the 2007 UEFA U-17 Championship, playing in all three matches during that round.
He is the younger brother of Frank Feltscher of Grasshopper.
In November 2009, he signed a pre-contract with Parma and joined the Italian club after the end of season. He played for Parma's primavera in the 2011 edition of the Torneo di Viareggio, but made just two league starts and a substitute appearance for the first-team in his debut season. He made 4 appearances the following year.

wn.com/Rolf_Feltscher
Sebastian Giovinco
Sebastian Giovinco (Italian pronunciation: [seˈbastjan dʒoˈvinko]; born January 26, 1987 in Turin) is an Italian footballer who plays for Serie A club Parma and the Italian national team. Giovinco is a second striker, winger or attacking midfielder with noted dribbling skills, playmaking skills and he is known for his freekicks.
Due to his short stature and his technical skills, Giovinco acquired the nickname formica atomica (atom ant, after the eponymous Hanna-Barbera character).
Giovinco was born in Turin to a Sicilian father and a Calabrian mother who were immigrants from southern Italy. He grew up in Beinasco, a comune southwest of Turin, in a family of Milan fans and joined the Juventus youth system when he was nine. He then rose through the ranks of the club and impressed especially during the 2005–06 season, winning the Campionato Primavera and reaching the final at the Viareggio Tournament. His younger brother Giuseppe was also part of the Juventus youth team until 2010, and is now playing for Lega Pro Prima Divisione club Carrarese.

wn.com/Sebastian_Giovinco
Sergio Floccari
Sergio Floccari (born 12 November 1981 in Vibo Valentia) is an Italian footballer who plays as a striker for Serie A club Parma.
Floccari began playing football as a junior with the local side of his town, Nicotera, before moving into the youth system of Catanzaro. He began senior career with Avezzano and Promozione team Montebelluna before moving up to Serie C2 with Mestre and Faenza. It was at Faenza, under coach Carlo Regno, assistant to 2009–10 Lazio coach Davide Ballardini, that Floccari first bloomed, scoring many goals.
Following his successful period at Faenza, he joined Genoa in 2002, but did not establish himself as a regular, playing just nine league games and scoring one goal in his first season of Serie B.
Floccari took a step back into Serie C2, joining Rimini in co-ownership deal where he played and scored regularly. His goals contributed to successful promotions as Rimini went from playing in C2 to Serie B during his time there. The club also bought him outright in June 2003.

wn.com/Sergio_Floccari
Silvio Baldini
Silvio Baldini (born 11 September 1958 in Massa) is an Italian association football manager and the former head coach of Vicenza in the Serie B league.
He started his coaching career in 1984 at the age of 26 with Bagnone, an amateur Seconda Categoria team which he led to immediate promotion in his debut year. In 1988 he became assistant coach of Massese. In 1989 he was appointed at the helm of Promozione team Forte dei Marmi, side he led to promotion in 1991. After a single season with Viareggio, he obtained a professional coaching license and returned to Massese, this time as head coach, in 1992. After four Serie C1 seasons with Siena (1993-1995) and Carrarese (1995-1997), he was chosen to fill the Chievo Verona head coaching position, and led the gialloblu to a final seventh place in the Serie B. He moved to Brescia in 1998, and Empoli one year later. In 2002, Empoli ended in fourth place, being therefore promoted to Serie A. On his Serie A debut year, Baldini led Empoli to a good 12th place. In 2003 he became Palermo boss, with the goal to guide the rosanero to immediate promotion to Serie A; however, he was fired on January 2004 following a 1-3 home defeat to Salernitana. He returned to coach in the 2004-05 season with Parma, being appointed at Renzo Ulivieri's place on September and sacked on December 2004, leaving his side at the second-last place in the Serie A table. On September 2005, he was appointed as Lecce head coach, but was again fired on January 2006. On June 2007 he was announced as new Catania head coach.

wn.com/Silvio_Baldini
Silvio Berlusconi
Silvio Berlusconi (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsilvjo berluˈskoːni] ( listen); born 29 September 1936) is an Italian politician and media tycoon who served three times as Prime Minister of Italy from 1994 to 1995, 2001 to 2006 and 2008 to 2011. Berlusconi is also the controlling shareholder of Mediaset and owner of A.C. Milan. He is nicknamed Il Cavaliere (The Knight) for his knighthood to the Order of Merit for Labour, which he received in 1977.
Berlusconi is the longest-serving post-war Prime Minister of Italy, and third longest-serving since Italy's unification, after Benito Mussolini and Giovanni Giolitti, holding three separate terms. Technically, he has been sworn in four times because after a cabinet reshuffle, as happened with Berlusconi in 2005, the new ministry is sworn in and subjected to a vote of confidence. He is the leader of the People of Freedom political movement, a centre-right party he founded in 2009. From November 2009 to November 2011, he was the most senior leader of the G8 countries. In 2012, Forbes magazine ranked him as the 169th richest man in the world with a net worth of US$5.9 billion.

wn.com/Silvio_Berlusconi
Simone Malatesta
Simone Malatesta (born 9 February 1982) is an Italian footballer, who plays as a forward for Parma.
Born in Rome, Lazio, Malatesta started his career at Modena F.C.. In January 2000 Malatesta left for Juventus for 400 million Lire (about €206,583) in co-ownership deal. Malatesta left for two Serie C2 clubs in temporary deal in 2000–01 and 2001–02 season. In July 2002 Modena gave up the remain registration rights to Juventus. Malatesta was immediately sold to Valenzana Calcio in another co-ownership deal for a peppercorn fee of €1,000.
In June 2003 Malatesta joined Valenzana outright. Malatesta played for 4 difference clubs from 2005 to 2009. In June 2009 Venezia bought another 50% registration rights from Carpenedolo. Malatesta joined Venezia in mid-2008 in co-ownership deal. However Venezia soon bankrupted.
Malatesta was signed by Parma F.C. in July 2009, but left for Mantova in another co-ownership deal. The Serie B team relegated at the end of season. In June 2010 Parma bought back Malatesta, days before the bankruptcy of Mantova.

wn.com/Simone_Malatesta
Stefano Angeleri
Stefano Angeleri (26 August 1926 – 31 January 2012) was a Italian footballer and coach.

wn.com/Stefano_Angeleri
Stefano Ferrario
Stefano Ferrario (born 28 March 1985 in Rho, Milan) is an Italian professional football player currently playing for Parma in Serie A, on loan from Lecce.
He was called up to the Italian under-19 squad for a match against Romania in 2004, but did not play.

wn.com/Stefano_Ferrario
Stefano Morrone
Stefano Morrone (born 26 October 1978) is an Italian footballer who plays for Parma at Serie A. He has been the team captain since the 2009–10 season.
In 1998, he was co-signed by Lazio and Empoli. In 1999, he joined Piacenza along with Flavio Roma and Stefano Di Fiordo to Piacenza as part of Simone Inzaghi's deal. That month Piacenza also signed Empoli team-mate Arturo Di Napoli.
In January 2001, he joined Venezia, re-joined Di Napoli. He was loaned back to Cosenza in January 2002.
After Venezia's owner Maurizio Zamparini purchased Palermo, he joined the Sicily side along with team-mate: Daniel Andersson, Bilica, Igor Budan, Francesco Ciullo, Kewullay Conteh, Di Napoli, Valentino Lai, Filippo Maniero, Antonio Marasco, Francesco Modesto, Frank Ongfiang, Generoso Rossi, Mario Santana, Evans Soligo, Ighli Vannucchi and William Viali.
In summer 2003, he was loaned to Serie A side Chievo along with Mario Santana, with Eugenio Corini moved to opposite direction. On 1 July 2004, he returned to Palermo, which the team won Serie B and promoted to the Italian top division in June 2004.

wn.com/Stefano_Morrone
Stefano Okaka
Stefano Chuka Okaka (born 9 August 1989 in Castiglione del Lago, Perugia, Italy) is an Italian footballer who currently plays as a striker for Italian Serie A club Parma on loan from Roma.
Born in Castiglione del Lago, Umbria, Italy to Nigerian parents who later obtained Italian citizenship, Okaka joined the Roma youth system in 2004. He was part of the team that won the U-20 national title in 2005 and scored goals against Juventus in the semi-final and Atalanta in the final.
On 29 September 2005, he made his debut with the first team in the UEFA Cup, playing against Aris. He thus became the youngest footballer to debut in an international competition for an Italian team. Okaka scored with a powerful run from midfield and a precise shot to the left of the goalkeeper his first official goal for Roma in a Coppa Italia match against Napoli on 8 December 2005. He has since appeared a number of times for the senior squad, scoring his first Serie A goal on 17 September 2006, the last of three Roma goals in a 3–1 win over Siena.

wn.com/Stefano_Okaka
Stefano Pioli
Stefano Pioli (born October 20, 1965 in Parma) is an Italian former footballer and current manager of Serie A team Bologna.
Pioli, a native of Parma, started his own playing career for his home city team, AC Parma. Successively, he was signed by Juventus, with whom he had his Serie A debut in 1984. Sold to Verona in 1987, Pioli moved to Fiorentina in 1989, where he spent six years of his career. He ended his career in 1998 for Fiorenzuola of Serie C1, after two experiences with Padova and Pistoiese.
From 1999 to 2002 Pioli coached Bologna's youth team, and Chievo Verona's in 2002-2003. In 2003-2004, he was appointed as head coach of Serie B club Salernitana. He moved to Modena, still of Serie B, in 2004. In 2006, Pioli was named as Parma's head coach, therefore returning to his home city and marking his Serie A debut as a manager. He was however sacked on February 12, 2007 after a 3-0 loss to AS Roma which brought Parma down to second-last place and replaced by Claudio Ranieri. On September 11, 2007 he was unveiled as new head coach of Serie B club Grosseto, replacing Giorgio Roselli, sacked after three consecutive defeats in the first three league matches, and managed to lead the Tuscan minnows to an impressive mid-table finish in their first season in the Serie B.

wn.com/Stefano_Pioli
Stefano Russo
Stefano Russo (born 6 March 1989) is an Italian footballer who plays for Italian Serie B club Brescia Calcio.
Born in Nardò, the Province of Lecce, Apulia, Russo started his career at U.S. Lecce. He was the backup keeper for Ugo Gabrieli in the youth team. In 2007–08 and 2008–09 season, Russo left for Serie D clubs Virtus Casarano^{[citation needed]} and Brindisi^{[citation needed]} (both Apulia team) He won the promotion to the lowest level of the professional league, the fourth division as Group H winner.
In 2009 he was signed by Serie A club Parma. He succeed departed Andrea Gasparri as the first choice of the "spring" under-20 team, but as a overage player, ahead Antonio Santurro and Matteo Pisseri. Russo also beat Diego Manzoni to become the third keeper of the team, behind Antonio Mirante and Nicola Pavarini, wearing no.22 which previously owned by Gasparri. The "spring" team entered the playoffs but eliminated by Lazio in the first round (round of 16)
In 2010–11 season he remained as a third keeper in the first team, ahead Santurro. Russo changed to wear no.16 shirt. He also played twice (round 10 and 19) for the "spring". Daniele Agosti succeed Russo as first choice that seasaon but only played 14½ out of 26 matches.

wn.com/Stefano_Russo
Tommaso Ghirardi
Tommaso Ghirardi (born 10 May, 1975 in Brescia) is an Italian businessman, currently serving as president of Italian association football club Parma F.C. and sitting on the Serie A committee. His main activities are in the mechanics industry.
His entry into football came with the purchase of A.C. Carpenedolo, a small club based near Brescia, when the club was in Serie D. The club turned professional and gained promotion to Serie C2 in 2004 and marginally missed on promotion to Serie C1 two years later after play-off defeat.
On 3 January 2007, Ghirardi bought financially troubled Parma F.C. in an auction for the sale of the club. He sacked Stefano Pioli after just two matches and replaced him with Claudio Ranieri, but the club continued to struggle. Relegation seemed inevitable, but final day victory secured Parma's place in Italy's top division for the following season. He responded by investing around €11M on new players. Despite this, Parma were relegated to Serie B after nineteen consecutive seasons in the top flight.

wn.com/Tommaso_Ghirardi
World War I
World War I (WWI), which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939 (World War II), and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. It involved all the world's great powers, which were assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (based on the Triple Entente of the United Kingdom, France and Russia) and the Central Powers (originally centred around the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy; but, as Austria–Hungary had taken the offensive against the agreement, Italy did not enter into the war). These alliances both reorganised (Italy fought for the Allies), and expanded as more nations entered the war. Ultimately more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, largely because of enormous increases in lethality of weapons, thanks to new technology, without corresponding improvements in protection or mobility. It was the sixth-deadliest conflict in world history, subsequently paving the way for various political changes such as revolutions in the nations involved.

wn.com/World_War_I
Zdeněk Zeman
Zdeněk Zeman (born May 12, 1947 in Prague) is a Czech-Italian football coach. He has managed numerous different teams, mostly in Italian football, over the years, and is currently in charge of Serie A club Roma.
Zeman's football coaching career originates from his previous experiences as fitness teacher and started in Sicily, where he resided since the late 1960s. His first coaching experiences were for amateur football teams from Palermo neighborhood (Cinisi, Bacigalupo, Carini, Misilmeri, Esacalza). In 1974, thanks to his uncle Čestmír Vycpálek's aid, he had his first notable experience as part of the Palermo Calcio youth coaching staff, which ended in 1983.
In 1975 he graduated with honours at the ISEF of Palermo (a sports school) with a dissertation about sports medicine. In 1979 he finally obtained the patentino (a kind of license for coaching football at the professional level) at the Coverciano's school for football coaches.
His first opportunity as professional head coach came from Licata, a small-medium city in the province of Agrigento, where he won Serie C2 with a team mainly composed of youngsters. In 1986, he then left Licata in order to join Foggia Calcio of Serie C1, but he was sacked before the end of the championship. In 1987 he became coach for Parma of Serie B, but was fired after just seven matches. In 1988 he returned to Sicily as coach of Messina, classified at the 8th place for the end of the season, also thanks to the goals of Salvatore Schillaci.

wn.com/Zdeněk_Zeman
Čestmír Vycpálek
Čestmír Vycpálek (Prague, 15 May 1921 – Palermo, 5 May 2002) was a Czech football player and manager. He was an uncle of noted football manager Zdeněk Zeman.
A good right winger, Vycpálek moved in 1946 to Juventus from Slavia Prague, and in 1947 to Palermo, in Serie B at the time, leading the team to an immediate promotion to the top division, and playing 143 times, with 23 goals, in five seasons for the rosanero. In the season 1952–1953, Vycpálek then signed for Parma, where he played at Serie B and Serie C level. Vycpálek abandoned his playing career in 1958, at the age of 37.
Before to enjoy some relevant success at the managing level, Vycpálek had several minor experiences, often not particularly lucky. He started his coaching career for Palermo, where he relocated with his family after Czechoslovakia was occupied by the Soviet Red Army after the Prague Spring. He then coached minor league teams such as Siracusa,Valdagno and Juve Bagheria.
In the early 1970s, however, after having been fired by Sicilian Serie D team Mazara, Vycpálek went back to Juventus, thanks also to his old friend Giampiero Boniperti, who was a board member in that times, and became coach for the youth team. But, in 1971, after the sudden death of Armando Picchi, Vycpálek was named new head coach of Juventus. It was the beginning of a successful period which led the team to two consecutive scudetti, in 1972 and 1973.

wn.com/Čestmír_Vycpálek

I'm proud that I'm Parma fan

Video made by Polish Parma Fan-Club...

published: 22 Feb 2007

author: magicoparma

Blu & Giallo (Parma FC Anthem)

per l'inizio del campionato un tributo alla mia squadra del cuore... semplicemente forza P...

published: 13 Sep 2011

author: Ang3lAVP

Pirlo Incredible Goal vs Parma 0 1 AC Milan HD [21010]

bit.ly Hightlights of the Match Because Stefano Mauri's Lazio is constantly on the control...

published: 04 Oct 2010

author: AltheaRoeser

parma 1-0 Inter

buffon...

published: 19 Aug 2008

author: clintadri

Goal of the week: Pirlo Incredible Goal vs Parma

UNLIMITED Free Online Soccer TV bit.ly ______ goldragons - October 02, 2010 Goal of the we...

published: 05 Oct 2010

author: goldragons

Pro Evolution Soccer 2012 - Let's Play: Pro Evolution Soccer 2012 #30 [HD] [Together] - Wolves vs. Parma FC (YouTube Cup #3)

Enorm wichtiges Spiel gegen Parma. Wir dürfen uns wirklich keine Fehler erlauben....

published: 16 Dec 2011

author: TheWolverous

PESCARA - PARMA 2:0

Marcatori: 4'st Abbruscato, 93' Weiss (Pe) Pescara: Perin, Zanon, Cosic, Bocchetti, Capuan...

published: 04 Nov 2012

author: forzapescaratv

REPLAY NON NE HA! Don Roberto Fiscer feat. Parma FC e compagnia delle 3G / Il backstage

WWW.STADIOTARDINI.COM...

published: 05 Jan 2012

author: Gabriele Majo

Imitazione Antonio Conte - Juventus Parma 2-0

★ SEGUICI SU FACEBOOK: www.facebook.com -Segui "Il Rompi Pallone" su Facebook:www.facebook...

published: 28 Aug 2012

author: Giumenta87

Day 24: Torino-Parma highlights

Torino fightback against Parma...

published: 23 Feb 2008

author: serieatv

15/02/2012 - PARMA - JUVENTUS 0-0 - AMPIA SINTESI E GOL SKY HD - SERIE A

15/02/2012 - PARMA - JUVENTUS - AMPIA SINTESI E GOL SKY HD - SERIE A...

published: 15 Feb 2012

author: TubeGrouper

Ds 7Gold -MILAN PARMA 4-1 ATALANTA INTER 1-1

www.crozzopizzo.it...

published: 26 Oct 2011

author: crozzopizzo

Direttastadio 7Gold - CROLLO JUVE (JUVE PARMA 1-4)

Doppietta di Giovinco!...

published: 06 Jan 2011

author: crozzopizzo

UEFA Cup intro

UEFA Cup intro uefaeuropaleague.tk UEFA Cup TV intro europaleague.tk Previous Winners Of T...

published: 24 Dec 2009

author: EuropaLeague

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photo: AP / Channi Anand

An Indian army soldier patrols near the line of control, the line that divides Kashmir between India and Pakistan, after a reported cease-fire violation, in Mendhar, Poonch district, about 210 kilometers (131 miles) from Jammu, India, Wednesday, Jan. 9, 2013.

India lashes out at Pakistan after deadly Kashmir encounter

The Star

09 Jan 2013

JAMMU, India (Reuters) - India slammed arch-rival Pakistan on Wednesday over a fire fight in the disputed territory of Kashmir in which two of its soldiers were killed, and said the mutilation of one of the bodies was "inhuman". India's Defence Minister A.K. Antony waits to speak at a plenary session of the 11th International Institute of Strategic Studies (IISS) Asia Security Summit ... REUTERS/Tim Chong ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)

photo: AP / Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

This artist rendering released Monday Jan. 7,2013 by Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics shows the different types of planets in our Milky Way galaxy detected by NASA’s Kepler spacecraft.

Our Galaxy May Host Billions of Earth-Size Planets – Study

Novosti

08 Jan 2013

MOSCOW, January 8 (RIA Novosti) – At least 17 billion Earth-size planets may inhabit the Milky Way galaxy, SPACE.com reported citing a new study by US astronomers ... That translates to a minimum of 17 billion planets as there are about 100 billion stars in the Milky Way ... Over a hundred of candidates have been confirmed as planets so far, NASA said....(size: 1.7Kb)

photo: AP / Jacques Brinon

Kurdish activists gather outside a building where three Kurdish women were shot dead, in Paris, Thursday, Jan. 10, 2013. Police say three Kurdish women have been shot dead at a pro-Kurdish centre in Paris in what the French interior minister is calling an execution.

Three Kurdish women shot dead in Paris

The Times of India

10 Jan 2013

PARIS. Three Kurdish women, including one of the founders of a militant group battling Turkish troops since 1984, were "executed" at a Kurdish center in Paris, the interior minister said on Thursday. Turkey's Anadolu news agency identified one of the victims as Sakine Cansiz, a founding member of the Kurdistan Workers Party, or PKK ... He called it a "totally intolerable act." ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)

photo: US Army / Sgt. Christopher Bonebrake

File - U.S. Army Pfc. Caesar Pimentel, an infantryman attached to 3rd Platoon, Company B, 1st Battalion, 187th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), the security forces element for Provincial Reconstruction Team Paktiya, keeps a watchful eye on his surroundings in the Sayed Karem District market, Afghanistan, Dec. 20, 2012.

War and Any 'Vanity' Necessary

WorldNews.com

07 Jan 2013

Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. When Congress granted President Lyndon B. Johnson absolute powers to "take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression," Congress could have also included "all necessary vanities." The 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which greatly escalated a foreign imperial war in Vietnam, added fuel to the bonfires of vanity....(size: 5.2Kb)

photo: AP / Menahem Kahana

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu gestures as he addresses the weekly cabinet meeting in Jerusalem

Netanyahu takes on the world in Israeli election campaign

The Star

08 Jan 2013

JERUSALEM (Reuters) - It's Bibi against the world on a campaign trail that took the combative Israeli prime minister to a Jewish settlement on Tuesday. Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu attends the weekly cabinet meeting in Jerusalem December 9, 2012. REUTERS/Ammar Awad ... Tweaking his message to match the locality, Netanyahu said ... The danger comes from Iran, which is building nuclear weapons." ... CHEMICAL WEAPONS ... ....(size: 3.8Kb)

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De Marco to referee Parma v Juventus (Juventus Football Club SpA)

noodls

10 Jan 2013

(Source. Juventus Football Club SpA). Andrea De Marco will referee Sunday afternoon's Serie A meeting of Parma and Juventus at the Stadio Tardini ... Andrea Marzaloni has been named as the fourth official ... (noodl....(size: 1.5Kb)

Principal's personnel file released

MSNBC

10 Jan 2013

On Monday, Rick Ruth cited philosophical differences as the reason for his resignation from Parma Park School in Parma Heights ... Parma Park PTA president Debbie Ciammaichella said she still supports Ruth 100 percent ... Advertise . AdChoices. Advertise . AdChoices. Advertise . AdChoices. ....(size: 1.7Kb)

State high school wrestling poll

Springfield News-Sun

10 Jan 2013

STATE POLL. Division I. 1. Lakewood St. Edward (13). 130. 2. Massillon Perry. 112. 3. Cincinnati Moeller. 102. 4 ... 93. 5 ... Perry 14; Sandusky Perkins 12; Parma Padua Franciscan 10....(size: 1.1Kb)

Latest state, local hockey polls

Springfield News-Sun

10 Jan 2013

ICE HOCKEY. STATE POLL. 1. Cleveland St. Ignatius (8). 98. 2. Toledo St. Johns (2). 83. 3. Sylvania Northview ... Dublin Jerome, Parma Heights Holy Name, Findlay, Columbus St....(size: 1.0Kb)

Saponara: Joining AC Milan is a dream come true

Goal

10 Jan 2013

By Stefan Coerts. More On . AC Milan, Empoli, Parma, Riccardo Saponara. Comments ... ....(size: 1.0Kb)

SERIE A: MILAN'S KICK OFF TIMES UNTIL MID-MARCH (Milan Associazione Calcio SpA)

noodls

10 Jan 2013

(Source. Milan Associazione Calcio SpA). MILAN - Here are Milan's kick off times from the next round of Serie A up to mid-March. ... Sampdoria-Milan ... Atalanta-Milan ... Milan-Parma....(size: 1.5Kb)

What do you think about it? Sharing goals, identifying priorities. (Federparchi - Federazione Italiana Parchi e Riserve Naturali)

noodls

10 Jan 2013

(Source. Federparchi - Federazione Italiana Parchi e Riserve Naturali) What do you think about it? Sharing goals, identifying priorities. The National Park asks for citizens' opinions ... "The meetings we carried out during the last weeks have allowed us to talk with the communities from the Garfagnana, from the Appennino Reggiano and from the ridge near Parma (next meeting will take place in Lunigiana) ... distributed by ... (noodl....(size: 2.7Kb)

Italian milk group Granarolo buys French cheesemaker

Reuters

10 Jan 2013

MILAN (Reuters) - Italian milk group Granarolo, a competitor of French-controlled dairy group Parmalat (PLT.MI), said it had agreed to buy French cheesemaker CIPF Codipal from holding Compagnie du Forum SAS as part of its strategy to grow internationally ... Granarolo emerged as a possible suitor for larger rival Parmalat when the Parma-based maker of long-life milk and breakfast snacks was bought by French rival Lactalis in 2011....(size: 2.2Kb)

Torneo Di Viareggio Draw Made (Newcastle United Football Company Ltd)

noodls

10 Jan 2013

(Source. Newcastle United Football Company Ltd). By Dan King - Newcastle United Club Reporter. The draw for next month's Torneo di Viareggio has been made, with the only English representatives, Newcastle United, placed in group nine ... The full draw is.. 1.) Juventus, Maribor, Avellino, APIA Leichhardt. 2.) Inter Milan, Nogoom El Mostakbal, Virtus Entella, Melbourne Phoenix ... 5.) Genoa, Rijeka, Parma, Santos Laguna ... distributed by....(size: 2.9Kb)

Pete Nordsted: There's value in backing Manchester United against Liverpool on Sunday

Goal

10 Jan 2013

Pete believes that Sir Alex Ferguson's side will get the better of Brendan Rodgers' men on Sunday and also has two tips from the "Both Teams to Score" market. By Jim Knight. More On . Arsenal, Liverpool, Man Utd., Manchester City FC. Comments. Getty Images ... Manchester United will be looking to extend their lead at the top of the Premier League table in Sunday's earlier kick-off. Don't Miss ... ... Pete's. Weekend ... Juventus v Parma....(size: 4.1Kb)

'The Vampire Diaries' what's next and a sneak peek of 'A View To A Kill'

The Examiner

10 Jan 2013

In just one more week "The Vampire Diaries" returns from a long winter break with "After School Special" where Rebekah will be holding he own special brand of detention, 'The Breakfast Club' style ... "A View To A Kill" (WetPaint, Jan 9). Klaus and Rebekah will have a difference of opinion where Kol is concerned ... 21 on CW. Dawn is an Examiner for Cleveland TV, Cleveland Celebrity,Parma Family Activities,Cleveland Home Business, ... ....(size: 3.2Kb)

Pescara may need more Perin heroics in Inter visit

The Guardian

10 Jan 2013

MILAN, Jan 10 (Reuters) - Pescara 20-year-old Mattia Perin produced arguably the best goalkeeping display of the Serie A season last week and faces another busy evening as his side visit Inter on Saturday ... "We need show more belief than ever ... Juventus, whose lead was cut to five points after their shock 2-1 home defeat to Sampdoria on Sunday, are away to Roberto Donadoni's Parma, who boast the only unbeaten home record in the league....(size: 10.6Kb)

High school statistics — Jan. 9

Ohio

10 Jan 2013

BASKETBALL. GIRLS. Scoreboard. Wednesday’s Results. Buckeye 41, Black River 35. Canton Centrol Catholic 39, Revere 32 (OT). Chagrin Falls 44, Aurora 32. Crestwood 60, Streetsboro 54. Fairless 46, CVCA 43. Field 48, Coventry 40. Green 42, Tallmadge 40 (OT). Lake 57, Northwest 38. Louisville 58, Canton South 46 ... Stow 55, Parma Heights Holy Name 29 ... Scoring Summaries. STOW 55, PARMA HEIGHTS HOLY NAME 29 ... PARMA HEIGHTS HOLY NAME (6-7) — Em ... ....(size: 19.1Kb)

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Parma

Parma's crest

Full name

Parma Football Club S.p.A.

Nickname(s)

I Crociati^[1] (The Crusaders)
I Gialloblù^[1] (The Yellow and Blues)
I Ducali^[1] (The Duchy Men)
Gli Emiliani^[1] (The Emilians)

Founded

27 July 1913, as Verdi Foot Ball Club

Ground

Stadio Ennio Tardini,
Parma, Italy
(Capacity: 27,906)

President

Head coach

League

Serie A, 8th

Website

Club home page

Home colours

Away colours

Third colours

Current season

Parma Football Club (formerly Parma Associazione Calcio), commonly referred to as just Parma, is an Italian professional football club based in Parma, Emilia–Romagna that will compete in Serie A in the 2012–13 season, having finished in eighth position last season. Founded as Verdi Foot Ball Club in July 1913, the club changed its name in December of the same year. Parma has played its home matches in the 27,906-seat Stadio Ennio Tardini, often referred to as simply Il Tardini, since 1923.

Although Parma has never won a domestic league title and never competed for major trophies until the 1990s, it has won three Italian Cups, one Supercoppa Italiana, two UEFA Cups, one European Super Cup and one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup. Bankrolled by Calisto Tanzi, the club won these eight trophies between 1992 and 2002, a period in which it achieved its best ever league finish – as runners-up in the 1996–97 season – and threatened the dominance of the league's established powers: Juventus, Milan and Internazionale, the only Italian sides to have had more success in European competition than Parma.^[3]^[4]

More recently, Parma's financial troubles have limited the club's ambitions.^[5] These were brought about in late 2003 by the Parmalat scandal which caused the parent company to collapse and resulted in the club operating in controlled administration until January 2007. The club has traditionally played attractive football and developed players through the club's academy.^[6] Despite the recent downturn in success, the club is an associated member and one of eight Italian clubs that are part of the European Club Association, a representative collection of Europe's most elite clubs, formed after the dissolution of the G-14.

History [link]

Main article: History of Parma F.C.

Early years (1913–1968)[link]

Parma

Location of Parma in Italy

The club was founded in July 1913 as Verdi Foot Ball Club in honour of the centenary of famous opera composer Giuseppe Verdi, who was born in the province of Parma. It adopted yellow and blue as its colours.^[7]^[8] In December of the same year, the club changed its name to Parma Foot Ball Club and began wearing white shirts emblazoned with a black cross.^[9] Parma began playing league football during the 1919–20 season after the end of World War I and began construction of a stadium, the Stadio Ennio Tardini, two years later.^[10] Parma became a founder member of Serie B after finishing as runners-up in the Prima Divisione in the 1928–29 season. The club would remain in Serie B for three years before being relegated and changing its name to Associazione Sportiva Parma in 1931.^[8] In the 1935–36 season, Parma became a founding member of Serie C, where the club stayed until winning promotion back to Serie B in 1943. Italian football was then brought to a halt as the Second World War intensified, although the team did make an appearance in the Campianto Alta Italia in 1944.

Following the restart of organised football, Parma spent three years in Serie B, then split into two regional divisions, before again being relegated in 1948–49 to Serie C. The side would spend another five seasons in Serie C before an eleven-year spell in Serie B that included the achievement of ninth position in 1954–55, a club record at that time. This was an era in which the club's players generally held down other jobs or were still in education and where the town's amateur rugby union and volleyball sides, Rugby Parma F.C. 1931 and Ferrovieri Parma, proved more popular among the more privileged.^[11] Parma made its debut in European competition during the 1960–61 season, defeating Swiss side AC Bellinzona in the Coppa delle Alpi, but relegation to Serie C followed in 1964–65 season. Parma spent just one season in Serie C before a second successive relegation, this time to Serie D, in 1966.

Re-birth and improvement (1968–1989)[link]

The club was in turmoil and was ordered into liquidation by the Court of Parma in 1968, changing its name to Parma Football Club that year. In 1969, another local team, Associazione Calcio Parmense, won promotion to Serie D. On 1 January 1970, A.C. Parmense adopted the sporting licence of the liquidated club which had been formed in 1913. This meant that it had the right to use the crociato shirts, the badge and the city's name.^[7]^[8]^[12] This brought about a change of luck in both financial and sporting terms, as the side was crowned Serie D champions and spent three years in Serie C before promotion to Serie B; however, it was a short stay. The team was relegated back to Serie C in their second season in the division. A return to Serie B did not materialise until the end of the 1970s and the club again lasted only one season in the second division of Italian football.

Under the management of Cesare Maldini, Parma once again returned to Serie B after winning their division in 1984 with victory on the final day over Sanremo; Juventus-bound Stefano Pioli scored the only goal of the game. The Ducali again only spent a year in Serie B, finishing third from bottom and succumbing to relegation as a consequence. Arrigo Sacchi did, however, manage to return the club to Serie B in 1986 after a single season in the third tier. The side enjoyed good success that season in missing out on promotion to Italy's top tier by just three points and eliminating A.C. Milan from the Coppa Italia, a result that convinced owner Silvio Berlusconi to hire Sacchi as the new manager of the Rossoneri. Sacchi's replacement, Zdeněk Zeman, was fired after just seven matches and replaced by Giampieri Vitali, who secured two consecutive mid-table finishes.

Success and insolvency (1989–2004)[link]

The Coppa Italia winners' patch

Nevio Scala was appointed as head coach in 1989.^[12] Scala's Parma secured a historic promotion in 1990 to Serie A with a 2–0 Derby del Grana win over A.C. Reggiana 1919.^[13] and investment from parent company Parmalat helped to improve the team's fortunes and the club made its debut in UEFA competition in 1991.^[7]^[13]^[14]^[15] Scala led the club to its first four major honour. The first of these was the Coppa Italia in 1991–92, beating Juventus 2–1 over two legs. The following year came the first international triumph in a 3–1 victory in the Cup Winners' Cup over Belgian side Antwerp at Wembley.^[13]^[16] Later that year, the side was successful in the UEFA Super Cup, overcoming Milan 2–1 on aggregate, but lost the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup final 1–0 against Arsenal.^[13] Scala's final success with Parma was in another two-legged final against Juventus: Dino Baggio scored twice to give Parma a 2–1 aggregate win, but Juventus exacted revenge in the Coppa Italia final. Replaced by Carlo Ancelotti, Scala departed in 1996 and was a popular coach for the trophies he won and because the team played attractive football in the tradition of the club.^[11]

Claudio Ranieri (2007 photograph) managed Parma during the latter half of the 2006–07 season.

Ancelotti overhauled the team and guided it to a record second place in 1997.^[13]^[17]^[18] Parma consequently made their debut in the Champions League the following year. Alberto Malesani was installed as coach in 1998 and the club completed a rare cup double in his first season, winning the Coppa Italia final against Fiorentina on the away goals rule and the UEFA Cup against Marseille at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow with a 3–0 victory before Supercoppa Italiana victory over league champions Milan followed in August 1999. In 2000, Hernán Crespo was sold to Lazio for a world record transfer fee and Malesani departed. Under replacement Renzo Ulivieri, the club lost the Coppa Italia final to Fiorentina. Under Pietro Carmignani in 2002, Parma won a third Coppa Italia trophy against Juventus (but would slip to defeat in the 2002 Supercoppa Italiana) and finished outside the top 6 for the first time since promotion in 1990. This success earned them a tag as one of the Seven Sisters.^[19]^[20] In April 2004, the club was declared insolvent following the financial meltdown of Parmalat.^[21]^[20]^[22]^[23]

Second re-birth (2004–present)[link]

The club re-formed as Parma Football Club in June 2004 and the 2004–05 season saw Parma plummet to their lowest finish in Serie A – despite a second consecutive 23-goal haul from Gilardino, who was then sold for €24m – as managers came and went.^[19] Parma ended the following season, their first without European competition since 1991, in tenth, but returned in 2006 after the Calciopoli scandal. On 24 January 2007, Tommaso Ghirardi bought the club out of administration and became the owner and president of Parma F.C.^[24] Manager Claudio Ranieri helped the team avoid relegation to Serie B on the final day of the 2006–07 season following his February appointment;^[25]^[26] however, under a succession of managers, Parma's battle with relegation the following year was not successful, consigning the club to Serie B after eighteen years in the top flight.^[8]^[27]

Francesco Guidolin won promotion back to Serie A at the first attempt with a second-place finish and led the side to eighth on its return to Serie A in 2009–10, narrowly missing out on qualification for the Europa League before leaving for Udinese. In May 2010, Guidolin swapped jobs with Pasquale Marino, who was sacked by Ghirardi in April 2011 when Parma was caught in another relegation dogfight.^[28]^[29]^[30] Under Marino's replacement, Franco Colomba, Parma escaped the threat of relegation with two games to spare.^[31] In January 2012, Colomba was replaced by Roberto Donadoni following a winless run that culminated in a 5-0 loss to Inter and the new coach led the team to eighth position in a Serie A club record 7-match winning run.^[32]^[33]

Colours and badge [link]

File:Parma-AC.png

The old Parma A.C. logo, used until the name change to Parma F.C. in 2004

Main article: Parma F.C. strip

The team is characterised by having used two different colour schemes in recent memory and at its inception. Originally, the club wore yellow and blue chequered shirts in honour of the city's traditional colours, which date back to 1545 when the Duchy of Parma was established,^[34] but white shirts with a black cross on the chest were introduced after the First World War, drawing inspiration from Juventus' colours, following a name change.^[9] White continued to be worn as the main colour of the home kits for much of the remainder of the century, although often complemented with yellow, blue or both, rather than black. The club did, however, experiment in the 1950s with blue shirts and blue and yellow striped shirts. The cross shirts were restored and worn until bankruptcy in 1968, when white shirts with off-centre blue and yellow vertical bands were worn, but the cross returned from 1970 until 1983 when a blue-sleeved white shirts was introduced and used for 8 years.

After decades in the lower divisions, Parma was promoted to Serie A in 1990, where the side immediately became a major force in the battle for major trophies, on many notable occasions in direct opposition to Juventus, who would become fierce rivals of Parma's. This rivalry rapidly led to the demotion of the white and black shirts to the away kit, so the side wore yellow and blue hooped shirts at home for six seasons between 1998 and 2004, and navy blue shirts often worn as third choice in this period. This was a time of great success for the club, thus the shirts have become synonymous with Parma, often still called the Gialloblu (Yellow and Blues) today, despite a recent reversion to the traditional white shirts emblazoned with a cross caused by parent company Parmalat's collapse and the clubs subsequent re-foundation as Parma Football Club. Yellow and blue are normally Parma's away kit colours, used in various combinations since 2004, such as vertical stripes, hoops, crosses or as solid colour designs.^[35]

Parma's logo changed in 2005 to reflect the name change from Parma A.C. to Parma F.C., but the logo otherwise remains the same, encompassing the city colours of yellow and blue and the club's traditional black cross set on a white background, and has not changed much in years, although it was dramatically overhauled to feature a prancing bull for one season in 2000–01 before it was criticised and discontinued in favour of the old badge.

Grounds [link]

Main articles: Stadio Ennio Tardini and Centro Sportivo di Collecchio

A view of a football pitch and the stands surrounding it from the view of one corner.

Stadio Ennio Tardini, Parma's home stadium

Parma initially had no permanent home and used the Piazza d'Armi, where two wooden posts constituted the frame of each goal. In December 1914, the club began to use land between the Via Emilia, the Eridania refinery and the Ferraguti factory, but it was sold, so the club returned to the Piazza d'Armi before transferring to the Tre Pioppi, the first fenced-off pitch in the city.^[36] Parma moved into their current stadium, the Stadio Ennio Tardini, in 1923, although the stadium has since been overhauled and altered drastically from the vision of Ennio Tardini, under whose auspices the stadium was to be built, but who died before completion of the venue.^[37] Much of the renovation took place after the club's first promotion to Serie A at the start of the 1990s.^[10] The stadium's usable capacity stands at 27,906, but only 23,045 are authorised to enter at once following the 2009 death of Vicenza fan Eugene Bortolon in the Curva Sud.

Expansion or renovation plans are often discussed at the highest level of the club's hierarchy and the Comune di Parma, but no project has received unanimous support. This is partly because the football club rent the stadium and often have interests which conflict with those of the municipal authority. The tenancy expires in 2031. One project which both club and council had agreed on was the potential redevelopment for Italy's potential hosting of Euro 2016. The bid was eventually unsuccessful, but included plans for an improved 31,397 all-seater stadium.^[38] An alternative to the development of the Tardini is the construction of a new stadium. Recent reports suggest the stadium is unfit for use in UEFA competitions due to the inadequacy of its seating.^[39] Either way, the state of stadium ownership in Italy, where only Juventus own their stadium, is widely viewed as unsatisfactory.^[40]^[41]^[42]

The first team trains and plays most of its home friendly matches at the Centro Sportivo di Collecchio in Collecchio, which is located 15.4 kilometres to the south-west of the stadium. Three of Parma's youth teams – the under-20s, the under-17s and the under-16s – play their home matches in the same complex.^[43] The under-15s and below train at Campi Stuard.^[44]

Support [link]

The supporters of Parma are seen as placid fans, something for which they are derided.^[45] Traditionally, they have been seen as fans who enjoy the spectacle of football and are less partisan, although they have been more characterised by impatience of late.^[11] In Northeast Italy, the team is the fifth best supported, behind Internazionale, Juventus, A.C. Milan and Bologna, the first three of which are not based in that region.^[46] They are represented by three main groups: il Centro di Coordinamento dei Parma Club (which represents most of the fanbase), l'Associazione Petitot and the club's ultras, Boys Parma, which was established on 3 August 1977 by young fans wanting to split from the Centro di Coordinamento and to encourage meetings with opposition fans.^[47] The Boys Parma occupy the northern end of the home stadium, La Curva Nord, directly opposite to where the away fans sit in the south stand.^[37] In 2008, the Curva Nord was renamed in honour of Boys Parma 1977 member Matteo Bagnaresi, who died when he was run over on the way to the Tardini by a coach which was carrying the opposition Juventus fans.^[48] In a not uncommon practice, the number 12 shirt has been reserved for the Parma fans, meaning no player is registered to play with that number on his kit for the club. The implication is that the supporters, particularly those of the famous Curva Nord, are the twelfth man. The last player to be registered with the number was Gabriele Giroli for the 2002–03 season. Parma's club anthem is Il grido di battaglia, which means The Battle Cry.^[49] For 2011–12, Parma had 7,559 season ticket holders.^[50]

Rivalries [link]

Main articles: Derby del Grana and Derby d'Emilia

Parma maintains rivalries with regional and national clubs; some of these are keenly fought local derbies. Historically, Derby del Grana (or, less commonly, Derby dell'Enza)^{[nb 1]} opponents Reggiana and Derby d'Emilia^{[nb 2]} opponents Bologna have been the club's bitterest rivals.^[51]^[52] The ill-feeling with Reggiana comes from a traditional city rivalry between Parma and Reggio Emilia; Bologna and Parma are Emilia-Romagna's two most decorated clubs, winning the region's only domestic titles: 7 Serie A titles and 5 Coppe Italia. Two other local derbies are the Derby dei Ducati,^{[nb 3]} which is contested with neighbours Modena, and the Derby del Ducato,^{[nb 4]} which is played against Piacenza.^[52] Despite their relative obscurity, Lombardian side Cremonese and Tuscan outfit Carrarese, to Parma's north and south, respectively, are both seen as rivals too. Of these local derbies, only the Derby d'Emilia is played regularly because only Bologna play in Serie A alongside Parma.

Juventus is considered a great rival of Parma largely due to their recent duels, which include Parma's 1995 UEFA Cup victory, its first and third Coppa Italia triumphs, Supercoppa Italiana defeats in 1995 and 2002, and its 1995 domestic cup final defeat to The Old Lady.^[53]^[54]^[55] These six matches comprise nearly half of the fourteen major finals Parma has participated in. Ironically, Parma's colours have their origins in those Juventus wears, and the switch from white and black to a yellow and blue home kit in the late 1990s took place in order to distance and distinguish Parma from Juventus. Parma maintain keenly fought rivalries with Vicenza and Genoa.

In Italy, it is common for clubs to be twinned in an arrangement called gemellaggi. This is a practice uncommon elsewhere.^[56] Parma enjoy amicable relations with Empoli in an arrangement that dates back to a game played in foggy conditions in 1984 that ended in the Parma fans congratulating those of Empoli on their win when the full-time whistle was blown without the Azzurri fans' knowledge.^[57]^[58] Perhaps a more current bond is felt towards the fans of Sampdoria.^[59]

Ownership and finances [link]

Parma F.C. S.p.A.
Revenue	€83.109M (2010–11)^[60]
Operating income	(€1.273M) (2010–11)^[60]
Net income	€0.658M (2010–11)^[60]
Total assets	€141.994M (2010–11)^[60]
Total equity	€28.946M (2010–11)^[60]
Employees	97^[60]
Parent	Eventi Sportivi S.p.A.^[61]

Since January 2007, the club has been majority-owned by Tommaso Ghirardi, owner of mechanics firm La Leonessa S.p.A.. Enrico Bondi had previously been put in charge of selling the club after parent company Parmalat's financial crisis and sold it to Ghirardi for less than €3M. The club is a limited liability company that is wholly owned by parent company Eventi Sportivi S.p.A.. Ghirardi owns roughly 70% of Eventi Sportivi; Alberto Rossi and Alberto Volpi each bought 5% of Eventi Sportivi on 21 July 2011 for a combined €7.5M to reduce Ghirardi's ownership to that approximate figure.^[62] Other shareholders are Vice-President Diego Penocchio (who has a 5% personal shareholding and 5% through Ormis S.p.A., another mechanics company), Banca Monte Parma (less than 5%) and Marco Ferrari (5%). Ghirardi appoints five further directors, including Pietro Leonardi, to maintain a boardroom majority (six to five).^[63] In the first five years of Ghirardi's presidency (from January 2007 to January 2012), it was estimated his investment had reached €30M, alongside a further €13M in the club's parent company.^[64] The club is one of the members of the European Club Association, which was formed after the dissolution of the G-14, a smaller international group of Europe's most elite clubs of which Parma was not a part.^[65]^[66]

On 27 February 2012, the club published its financial statement for 2010–11, the year ending 30 June 2011. It reported an improvement in gross revenue to €83.1M (from €78.4M in 2009–10), of which player sales amounted to €37.2M (€34.7M in 2009–10). Costs stood at €84.4M, up from €72.6M. Post-tax profits rose to €700k from losses of €2.4M. The losses in 2008–09, the season spent in Serie B, were €9.9m and profits of €3m were recorded in 2005–06.^[67] Liabilities grew from €108.7M to €110.3M, although bank debts decreased from €12.5M to €8.3M, and net assets had grown from €12.8M to €28.9M.^[60] In 2009–10 non-transfer revenue was around €37M, figures that were largely unexceptional and give the club the 14th highest revenue in Serie A.^[68]^[69] This revenue (€43M in 2010–11), which also excludes gate receipts and television income given to visiting clubs and revenue from player loans, will ideally be evenly divided between commercial, broadcasting and matchday activity. At Parma, this is not the case, where the sectors make up 23%, 68% and 9%, respectively. Director Pietro Leonardi noted the profit made in January 2011 on player sales was enough to finally undo the economic damage that the 2008 relegation to Serie B caused.^[70]

To improve the financial standing of the club, Parma hopes to eventually buy the Stadio Ennio Tardini from the relevant municipal authority.^[71] In September 2011, La Gazzetta dello Sport reported the club had the eleventh highest annual salary bill in Italian football, paying €23M to 27 players at an average of just over €16k per player per week,^[72]^[73] although these reported figures are generally underestimates, as they are post-tax figures that only include basic salaries of the first-team squad; the club reported the figure to be €38.1M (89% of non-transfer revenue; UEFA recommends this to be below 70%).^[74] From the 2010–11 season, Serie A clubs have collective television rights rather than individually negotiated rights for the first time since 1998–99, mimicking the world's most commercially successful league: the Premier League. The domestic rights to broadcast live matches for 2011–13 were sold for €1.748bn to Sky Italia and RAI, among others, and MP & Silva bought the worldwide rights for €181.5M for 2010–12.^[75]^[76] These figures resulted in higher broadcasting revenues for Parma, with larger clubs suffering from the centralisation of the selling of rights, although clubs do not receive an equal share and Parma's support, recent and historical results, and the city's size, count against them in the assessment of exact shares.

Sponsorship [link]

The coat of arms of the House of Farnese – creators of the Duchy of Parma – whose colours are the inspiration for many of the club's kits

Parma has had its kits manufactured by and sponsored by a variety of companies since 1981, including parent company Parmalat for a period of eight years.^[34] Its kits are presently manufactured by the global Erreà sportswear brand, which pays the club €757k and whose origins are in Torrile, approximately 13 kilometres north of Parma. The club's principal sponsor is clothing retailer Navigare, whose logo appears on the front of all Parma match shirts in a €1.7M per annum deal.^[60] Local bank Banca Monte Parma is the secondary kit sponsor, while telecommunications giant Telecom Italia Mobile, German household retail group Vorwerk and Japanese electronics company Kyocera also maintain relationships with the club. The club has a variety of other less prominent partnerships.^[77]

Period	Kit manufacturer	Shirt sponsor
1981–87	Umbro	Prosciutto Parma
1987–95	Umbro	Parmalat
1995–98	Puma
1998–99	Lotto
1999–00	Champion
2000–01		Parmalat, Mr Day
2001–02		Joy, Parmalat, Santal
2002–03		Parmalat, Santal
2003–04		Parmalat, Santal, Cariparma
2004–05		Champion
2005–06	Champion, Erreà	Fidenza Village, ABO Project, Tecnocasa, Silver Cross
2006–07	Erreà	Gimoka, Play Radio
2007–08		Kome, Il Granchio, Gondolino, Coreggio
2008–09		Banca Monte Parma, Metella
2009–12		Navigare, Banca Monte Parma

Players [link]

First-team squad [link]

As of 1 February 2012^[78]^[79]

Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No.	Position	Player
1	GK	Nicola Pavarini
2	DF	Jonathan (on loan from Internazionale)^[80]
3	DF	Rolf Feltscher
4	MF	Stefano Morrone (captain)
5	DF	Cristian Zaccardo
6	DF	Alessandro Lucarelli
7	FW	Jonathan Biabiany (on loan from Sampdoria)^[81]
8	MF	Daniele Galloppa
10	FW	Sebastian Giovinco
11	FW	Sergio Floccari (on loan from Lazio)^[82]
13	DF	Gonçalo Brandão (on loan from Siena)^[83]
14	MF	Danilo Pereira
15	MF	McDonald Mariga (on loan from Internazionale)^[84]

No.	Position	Player
17	MF	Jaime Valdés (on loan from Sporting)^[85]
18	DF	Massimo Gobbi
19	DF	Stefano Ferrario (on loan from Lecce)^[86]
21	FW	Stefano Okaka (on loan from Roma)^[87]
22	FW	Raffaele Palladino
23	MF	Francesco Modesto
24	MF	Gianluca Musacci (on loan from Empoli)^[88]
29	DF	Gabriel Paletta
32	MF	Fernando Marqués
33	DF	Fabiano Santacroce (on loan from Napoli)^[89]
80	MF	Francesco Valiani
83	GK	Antonio Mirante
92	GK	Alberto Gallinetta

Out on loan [link]

Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No.	Position	Player
—	GK	Ivan Cacchioli (at Pavia)^[90]
—	GK	Stefano Russo (at Nocerina)^[91]
—	DF	Angelo Bencivenga (at Pro Vercelli)^[92]
—	DF	Alessandro Berselli (at Valenzana)^[93]
—	DF	Alberto Galuppo (at Foligno)
—	DF	Paolo Castellini (at Sampdoria)^[81]
—	DF	Abdou Doumbia (at Como)^[94]
—	DF	Pablo Fontanello (at Chornomorets)^[95]
—	DF	Andrea Rispoli (at Sampdoria)^[89]
—	DF	Mário Rui (at Gubbio)^[96]
—	DF	Filipe Oliveira (at Videoton)^[97]
—	DF	Raffaele Schiavi (at Padova)^[98]
—	MF	Pietro Baccolo (at Frosinone)^[99]
—	MF	Giacomo Chiazzolino (at Valenzana)^[100]
—	MF	Davide Colomba (at Crotone)^[91]
—	MF	Manuel Coppola (at Empoli)^[88]
—	MF	Niccolò Galli (at Verona)^[101]
—	MF	David Löfquist (at Gubbio)^[102]

No.	Position	Player
—	MF	Francesco Lunardini (at Gubbio)^[103]
—	MF	Abderrazzak Jadid (at Grosseto)^[104]
—	MF	Alessio Manzoni (at Frosinone)^[99]
—	MF	Nwankwo Obiora (on loan to Gubbio)^[105]
—	MF	Alessandro Visone (at Vigor Lamezia)^[106]
—	MF	Zé Eduardo (on loan to Empoli)^[107]
—	FW	Gabriele Paonessa (at Como)^[108]
—	FW	Nicola Sansone (at Crotone)^[109]
—	FW	Daniel Ciofani (at Gubbio)^[110]
—	FW	Grégoire Defrel (at Foggia)^[111]
—	FW	Milan Đurić (at Crotone)^[112]
—	FW	Alessandro Elia (at Arzanese)^[113]
—	FW	Amara Konaté (at Fondi)
—	FW	Gianluca Lapadula (at San Marino)^[114]
—	FW	Cristiano Lucarelli (at Napoli)^[115]
—	FW	Simone Malatesta (at Pro Vercelli)^[116]
—	FW	Graziano Pellè (at Sampdoria)^[104]

Retired numbers [link]

Academy [link]

For information on Parma's youth teams, see Parma F.C. Academy.

Former players [link]

For details of former players, see List of Parma F.C. players and Category:Parma F.C. players.

Club captains [link]

For a list of club captains, see List of Parma F.C. players#Club captains.

Player records [link]

For player records, including player awards, see Parma F.C. statistics and records.

Club officials [link]

Board room^[117]

President: Tommaso Ghirardi^[2]
Managing director: Pietro Leonardi^[2]
Technical director: Antonello Preiti^[2]
Club secretary: Alessio Paini^[2]
Team manager: Alessandro Melli^[2]

Coaching staff

Head coach: Roberto Donadoni^[2]
Assistant coach: Luca Gotti^[2]
Fitness coaches: Giovanni Andreini, Niccolò Prandelli^[2]
Goalkeeping coach: Luca Bucci^[2]
Technical coach: Mario Bortolazzi^[2]
Youth team head coach: Fausto Pizzi^[118]

Presidential history [link]

Parma has had numerous presidents over the course of its history; here is a complete list of them:^[119]

Name	Years
Violi, Porcelli and Spaggiari	1913–14
Carlo Melli and Alberto Poletti	1914–15
Ing. Tedeschi	1919–20
Conte L. Lusignani	1920–21
Ennio Tardini	1921–23
Gabbi	1923–24
Giuseppe Muggia and Amoretti	1924–25
Aldo Ortali	1925–26
Giovanni Canali	1926–28
Emilio Grossi	1928–29
Giuseppe Amoretti	1929–30
Cesare Minelli	1930–35
Emilio Grossi	1935–36
Filippo Bonati	1936–37
Nino Medioli	1937–38
Medardo Ghini	1938–40
Giuseppe Scotti	1940–43
Giorgio Zanichelli	1945–46
Raimondo Bortesi	1946–47
Amerigo Ghirardi	1947–48

Name	Years
Bruno Avanzini	1948–51
Bonifazio Lupi di Soragna	1951–53
Umberto Agnetti, Del Frate, Campanini and Viani	1953–54
Fabrizio Cartolari	1954–58
Giuseppe Agnetti	1958–65
Walter Molinari	1965–66
Gino Camorali	1966–67
Vittorio Blarzino	1967–68
Zanichelli and Pizzighoni	1968–69
Ermes Foglia	1969–73
Arnaldo Musini	1973–76
Ernesto Ceresini	1976–90
Fulvio Ceresini	1990
Giorgio Pedraneschi	1990–96
Stefano Tanzi	1996–04
Enrico Bondi	2004
Guido Angiolini	2004–06
Enrico Bondi	2006–07
Tommaso Ghirardi	2007–present

Managerial history [link]

Main article: List of Parma F.C. managers

Below is a list of Parma managers since the end of the First World War until the present day.^[119]

Name	Nationality	Years
Violi, Porcelli and Spaggiari		1919–20
Percy Humphrey		1920–21
Riebe		1921–23
Guido Ara		1923–24
Gabbi and Forlivesi		1924–25
Carlo Achatzi		1925–26
Ghini and Stuardt		1926–27
Emili Grossi		1927–28, 1929–30, 1931–32
Raoul Violi		1928–29
Armand Halmos		1930–31
Crotti		1932–33
Tito Mistrali		1933–36
Alfredo Mattioli		1936–37, 1940–42
Elvio Banchero		1937–38
Pál Szalaj		1938–39
József Wereb		1939–40
Italo Defendi		1942–43
Giuseppe Ferrari		1945–46
Renato Cattaneo, Lombatti, Frione and Mistrali		1946–47
Dentelli, Giovanni Mazzoni, Dietrich and Tagliani		1947–48
Renato Cattaneo, Giuberti, Mistrali, Giuseppe Ferrari, Lombatti and Carlo Rigotti		1948–49
Carlo Rigotti		1949–50
Giovanni Mazzoni, Boni and Mattioli		1950–51

Name	Nationality	Years
Paolo Tabanelli		1951–53
Carlos Alberto Quario		1953–54
Ivo Fiorentini		1954–56
Oliveri and Giuberti		1956–57
Čestmír Vycpálek		1956–58
Guido Mazetti		1958–60
Mario Genta		1960–62
Canforini		1962–63
Diotallevi and Arnaldo Sentimenti		1963–64
Oliveri and Giuberti		1956–57
Bruno Arcari		1964–65
Ivan Corghi		1965–66
Dante Boni		1965–67
Giancarlo Vitali		1967–68
Dante Boni		1968–69
Giancarlo Vitali		1969–70
Stefano Angeleri		1970–72
Antonio Soncini		1972
Giorgio Sereni		1973–74
Renato Gei		1974–75
Giovanni Meregalli		1975–76
Tito Corsi		1976–77
Bruno Mora		1977
Gianni Corelli and Visconti		1977–78
Graziano Landoni		1978
Cesare Maldini		1978–80
Domenico Rosati		1980–81
Giorgio Sereni		1981
Giancarlo Danova		1981–83

Name	Nationality	Years
Bruno Mora		1983
Marino Perani		1983–85
Flaborea		1985
Pietro Carmignani		1985
Arrigo Sacchi		1985–87
Zdeněk Zeman		1987
Giampieri Vitali		1987–89
Nevio Scala		1989–96
Carlo Ancelotti		1996–98
Alberto Malesani		1998–01
Arrigo Sacchi		2001
Renzo Ulivieri		2001
Daniel Passarella		2001
Pietro Carmignani		2001–02
Cesare Prandelli		2002–04
Silvio Baldini		2004–05
Pietro Carmignani		2005
Mario Beretta		2005–06
Stefano Pioli		2006–07
Claudio Ranieri		2007
Domenico Di Carlo		2007–08
Héctor Cúper		2008
Andrea Manzo		2008
Luigi Cagni		2008
Francesco Guidolin		2008–10
Pasquale Marino		2010–11
Franco Colomba		2011–12
Roberto Donadoni		2012-

Honours [link]

Parma has won eight major titles in their history, all coming in a period of ten years between 1992 and 2002.^[120] These honours make it the tenth most successful team in Italian football history in terms of the number of major trophies won, the fourth most successful team in European competition, after Milan, Juventus and Inter, and, along with Milan, the only club in Italy to have won more international than domestic honours.

National [link]

A man dressed in denim jacket and white t-shirt stands outside a football training pitch.

Hernán Crespo (pictured in 2011) represented the club in two spells, winning three trophies and becoming the club's all-time record goalscorer.

Coppa Italia:
- Winners (3): 1991–92, 1998–99, 2001–02
- Runners-up (2): 1994–95, 2000–01

Supercoppa Italiana:
- Winners (1): 1999
- Runners-up (1): 1992, 1995, 2002

Serie A:
- Runners-up (1): 1996–97

Serie B:
- Runners-up (1): 2008–09

European [link]

UEFA Cup:
- Winners (2): 1994–95, 1998–99

European Super Cup:
- Winners (1): 1993

European Cup Winners' Cup:
- Winners (1): 1992–93
- Runners-up (1): 1993–94

Minor [link]

Prima Divisione:
- Runners-up (1): 1928–29^{[nb 5]}

Seconda Divisione:
- Winners (1): 1924–25^{[nb 6]}

Promozione:
- Runners-up (1): 1919–20^{[nb 7]}

Serie C:
- Winners (4): 1953–54, 1972–73,^{[nb 8]} 1983–84,^{[nb 9]} 1985–86^{[nb 9]}
- Runners-up (2): 1942–43,^{[nb 10]} 1978–79^{[nb 9]}

Serie D:
- Winners (1): 1969–70^{[nb 11]}

Coppa delle Alpi:
- Winners (1): 1960–61^{[nb 12]}

Notes [link]

^ Derby del Grana translates to Grana Derby. Grana is a type of hard, mature cheese, of which Parmigiano-Reggiano, or Parmesan cheese, is an example. The cheese is named after the producing areas near Parma, Reggio Emilia, Modena and Bologna, all in Emilia-Romagna), and Mantova (in Lombardia), Italy. Under Italian law, only cheese produced in these provinces may be labelled "Parmigiano-Reggiano" and European law classifies the name as a protected designation of origin. Parmigiano is the Italian adjective for Parma. Reggiano is the Italian adjective for Reggio Emilia, Reggiana's home city. Derby dell'Enza translates to Enza Derby. The River Enza is an affluence of Italy's longest river, the Po, and forms the boundary of the provinces of Parma and Reggio Emilia.
^ Derby d'Emilia would be translated to Emilia Derby. Emilia is a region that approximately corresponds to the western and north-eastern portions of today’s Emilia-Romagna. The region takes its name from the Via Aemilia, a Roman road in 187 BCE.
^ Derby dei Ducati means Derby of the Duchies, the duchies in question being those of Modena and Reggio and Parma. These territories were competing and neighbouring duchies during the Renaissance.
^ Derby del Ducato is the Italian equivalent of Derby of the Duchy. The Duchy of Parma was created in 1545 and became the unified Duchies of Parma and Piacenza in 1556.
^ At the time, this was one of 3 parallel regional second tier divisions.
^ At the time, this was one of 2 parallel regional second tier divisions.
^ At the time, this was one of 13 parallel regional second tier divisions.
^ At the time, this was one of 3 parallel regional third tier divisions.
^ ^a ^b ^c At the time, this was one of 2 parallel regional third tier divisions.
^ At the time, this was one of 12 parallel regional third tier divisions.
^ At the time, this was one of 9 parallel regional fourth tier divisions.
^ Parma competed as a representative of Italy.

Footnotes [link]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Informacje [Information]" (in Polish). FCParma.com.pl. http://www.fcparma.com.pl/informacje.php. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l "Organigramma [Organisation Chart]". FCParma.com. Parma F.C.. http://fcparma.com/index.php/societa/organigramma/. Retrieved 26 December 2010.
^ Mynk, K.C. (17 April 2009). "How the Mighty Have Fallen: The Decline of 10 Untouchable Football Clubs". BleacherReport.com. Bleacher Report. http://bleacherreport.com/articles/157851-how-the-mighty-have-fallen-the-fall-of-ten-untouchable-football-clubs#page/4. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
^ Dunford (2011), p. 793
^ Campanale, Susy (3 July 2011). "Parma play Juve role". Football-Italia.net. Football Italia. http://football-italia.org/node/7023. Retrieved 24 July 2011. ^{[dead link]}
^ "Return of the Don". Football-Italia.net (Football Italia). 13 January 2012. http://football-italia.net/node/14591. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c Sappino (2000), p. 986
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Parma Club History". Football-Italia.net. Football Italia. http://www.football-italia.net/clubs/Parma/history. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
^ ^a ^b "Parma". Goal.com. Goal.com. http://www.goal.com/it/teams/italy/4/parma/info. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
^ ^a ^b "Stadio [The Tardini]". FCParma.com. Parma F.C.. http://fcparma.com/societa/stadio/?lang=en/. Retrieved 29 July 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c Dunford (2011), pp. 739–740
^ ^a ^b "Da Giuseppe Verdi a Wembley... [From Giuseppe Verdi to Wembley]" (in Italian). Gazzetta di Parma. Parma: Editrice Gazzetta di Parma. http://www.gazzettadiparma.it/primapagina/dettaglio/6/25265/Da_Giuseppe_Verdi_a_Wembley.html.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Parma: '90s Phenomenon". GhostGoal.co.uk. 19 May 2010. http://ghostgoal.co.uk/2010/05/19/parma-90s-phenomenon/. Retrieved 31 July 2010.
^ Barber, Tony (11 January 2005). "Bondi invites bids for Parma". Financial Times. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/4dd589d0-6376-11d9-bec2-00000e2511c8.html#axzz1T81blXdG. Retrieved 25 July 2011.
^ Morrow (2003), p. 202
^ Wilson, Steve. "Top 10...Euro underdogs". Football-Italia.net. Football Italia. http://www.football-italia.net/topten/eurounderdogs.html. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
^ "Crespo "speechless" after making Parma return". Soccernet.ESPN.Go.com (ESPN (UK)). 30 January 2010. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=733646&sec=europe&cc=5739. Retrieved 15 December 2010.
^ Marcotti, Gabriele (24 May 2005). "Tactical switch". The Times (London: Times Newspapers). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,762-1624346,00.html. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
^ ^a ^b Bandini, Paolo (23 November 2009). "Seventh sister back on the scene as Parma perk up sibling rivalry". The Guardian (London: Guardian News and Media). http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/blog/2009/nov/23/parma-seventh-sister-serie-a. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
^ ^a ^b "Parma Is Latest In Italy’s ‘Seven Sisters’ Of Soccer To Crumble". The Financial Express. 10 January 2004. http://www.financialexpress.com/news/parma-is-latest-in-italys-seven-sisters-of-soccer-to-crumble/40612/. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
^ "Parmalat: Timeline to turmoil". BBC News (British Broadcasting Corporation). 28 September 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3369079.stm. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
^ Wilson, Bill (6 January 2004). "Parmalat scandal threatens football club". BBC News (British Broadcasting Corporation). http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3373165.stm. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
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^ Horncastle, James (13 March 2008). "Cross to Bear". Football-Italia.net. Football Italia. http://football-italia.net/blogs/jh10.html. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
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^ ^a ^b "Stadio Ennio Tardini". Football-Italia.net. Football Italia. http://www.football-italia.net/clubs/Parma/stadium. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
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^ "Licenza UEFA / Quanto scottano quei seggiolini!" (in Italian). StadioTardini.com. 21 May 2011. http://www.stadiotardini.com/2011/05/licenza-uefa-quanto-scottano-quei.html.
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^ "Four things Serie A needs to do to become the most popular league in the world". ForzaItalianFootball.com (Forza Italian Football). 16 November 2011. http://forzaitalianfootball.com/2011/11/four-things-serie-a-needs-to-do-to-become-the-most-popular-league-in-the-world/. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
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^ Giulianotti (1999), p. 88
^ "Italia, il paese nel pallone [Italy, the country in football]" (in Italian) (PDF). Demos.it. Demos & Pi. 24 September 2010. http://www.demos.it/2010/pdf/143320100924calcio.pdf. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
^ "Breve Riassunto [Brief Summary]" (in Italian). BoysParma1977.it. Boys Parma 1977. http://www.boysparma1977.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=198:breve-riassunto&catid=49:annoperanno&Itemid=75. Retrieved 19 December 2010.
^ Bandini, Paolo (31 March 2008). "Sadness and censure as violence blights the Scudetto again". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2008/mar/31/europeanfootball.sport1.
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^ Fleming, Scott (26 August 2011). "Serious about Serie A". Football-Italia.net. Football Italia. http://www.football-italia.net/node/10880. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
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^ "About ECA". ECAEurope.com. European Club Association. http://www.ecaeurope.com/Default.aspx?id=1085058. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
^ "Dire Financial Straits for Serie A; In Other News, the Sky is Blue". TheOffside.com. 25 June 2007. http://italy.theoffside.com/serie-a/juventus/dire-financial-straits-for-serie-a-in-other-news-the-sky-is-blue.html. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
^ "Bilancio Parma 2009/10: dalla B alla A, più ricavi e minori perdite [Parma Statement 2009/10]" (in Italian). Ju29ro.com (Juventinovero). http://www.ju29ro.com/contro-informazione/3377-bilancio-parma-200910-dalla-b-alla-a-piu-ricavi-e-minori-perdite.html.
^ O'Connor, Kieron (21 April 2011). "Napoli's Success Story". SwissRamble.Blogspot.com. Swiss Ramble. http://swissramble.blogspot.com/2011/04/napolis-success-story.html. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
^ "Debito saldato. Anche quello economicoe". StadioTardini.com. 23 April 2010. http://www.stadiotardini.com/2011/01/debito-saldato-anche-quello-economico.html. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
^ "E dopo la Tessera, lo stadio di proprietà....". StadioTardini.com. 23 April 2010. http://www.stadiotardini.com/2010/04/e-dopo-la-tessera-lo-stadio-di.html. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
^ "Gli ingaggi lordi delle squadre di Serie A in milioni di euro [The payrolls of Serie A club in millions of euros]". La Gazzetta dello Sport (Milan: RCS MediaGroup). 9 September 2011. http://i033.radikal.ru/1109/d9/3e898795b1cf.jpg. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
^ "Parma: 23 milioni [Parma: 23 million]". La Gazzetta dello Sport (Milan: RCS MediaGroup). 9 September 2011. http://s48.radikal.ru/i119/1109/cc/081806ca45a7.jpg. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
^ O'Connor, Kieron (5 January 2012). "Juventus - Black Night, White Light". The Swiss Ramble. Swiss Ramble. http://swissramble.blogspot.com/2012/01/juventus-black-night-white-light.html?. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
^ "Italian clubs cross fingers over TV ruling". FourFourTwo. 13 May 2010. http://fourfourtwo.com/news/italy/54068/default.aspx. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
^ "Serie A TV rights sell for 181.5 million". FourFourTwo. 6 November 2009. http://fourfourtwo.com/news/italy/41675/default.aspx. Retrieved 27 December 2010.
^ "Sponsor [Sponsorship]". FCParma.com. Parma F.C.. http://fcparma.com/index.php/marketing/sponsor/. Retrieved 21 September 2010.
^ "Rosa [Current squad]" (in Italian). FCParma.com. Parma F.C.. http://fcparma.com/index.php/category/rosa/. Retrieved 17 June 2011.
^ "Asta per i numeri: il 10 a Giovinco [Lucky dip for numbers: 10 to Giovinco]" (in Italian). FCParma.com. Parma F.C.. 19 July 2011. http://fcparma.com/index.php/asta-per-i-numeri-il-10-a-giovinco/. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
^ "Chi è Jonathan Cícero Moreira [Chi è Who Jonathan Cícero Moreira is]". FCParma.com (Parma F.C.). 18 January 2012. http://fcparma.com/index.php/arriva-jonathan-in-prestito-dallinter/. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
^ ^a ^b "Movimenti di mercato e compartecipazioni [Market movements and co-ownerships]". FCParma.com (Parma F.C.). 24 June 2011. http://fcparma.com/index.php/movimenti-di-mercato-e-compartecipazioni/. Retrieved 24 June 2011.
^ "Ufficiale: Sergio Floccari al Parma [Official: Sergio Floccari to Parma]" (in Italian). Sportsbook24.net (Sportsbook24). 31 August 2011. http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=33140. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
^ "Ghirardi: Giovinco Riscattato [Ghirardi: Giovinco Redeemed]". FCParma.com (Parma F.C.). 22 June 2011. http://fcparma.com/stagione/archivio-primo-piano/8970.html. Retrieved 23 June 2011. ^{[dead link]}
^ "Mariga, bentornato a Parma [Mariga, welcomed back to Parma]". FCParma.com (Parma F.C.). 1 February 2012. http://fcparma.com/index.php/mariga-bentornato-a-parma/. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
^ "Ceduto Bojinov allo Sporting Lisbona arriva Valdes [Bojinov leaves to Sporting Lisbon and Valdes arrives]". FCParma.com (Parma F.C.). 6 July 2011. http://fcparma.com/index.php/ceduto-bojinov-allo-sporting-lisbona-arriva-valdes/. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
^ "Ufficiale: perfezionato lo scambio Ferrario-Blasi [Official: Ferrario-Blasi swap completed]" (in Italian). Sportsbook24.net (Sportsbook24). 25 January 2012. http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=40777. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
^ "Parma: preso Okaka dalla Roma [Parma: Okaka loaned from Roma]". FCParma.com (Parma F.C.). 22 January 2012. http://fcparma.com/index.php/parma-preso-okaka-dalla-roma/. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
^ ^a ^b "Calciomercato: Musacci a Parma, Coppola all'Empoli". BlitzQuotidiano.it (Blitz Quotidiano). 30 August 2011. http://news.blitzquotidiano.it/calciomercato-musacci-parma-coppola-2939125. Retrieved 30 August 2011.
^ ^a ^b "Mercato: al Parma Blasi, Santacroce e Biabiany [Transfers: Blasi, Santacroce and Biabiany to Parma]". FCParma.com (Parma F.C.). 1 July 2011. http://fcparma.com/index.php/mercato-al-parma-blasi-santacroce-e-biabiany/?lang=en.
^ Mazzone, Andrea (15 July 2011). "Ufficiale: parte anche Cacchioli [Official: Cacchioli leaves too]". Sportsbook24.net (Sportsbook24). http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=30485. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
^ ^a ^b "Parma: ultime operazioni di mercato [Parma: latest transfer developments]" (in Italian). FCParma.com (Parma F.C.). 14 July 2011. http://fcparma.com/index.php/parma-ultime-operazioni-di-mercato/. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
^ "Ufficiale: arrivano anche i giovani Bencivenga e Mendy [Official: Youngsters Bencivenga and Mendy arrive]" (in Italian). Sportsbook24.net (Sportsbook24). 5 August 2011. http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=31706. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
^ Mazzone, Andrea (7 July 2011). "Parma, partono in 5 [Parma, part with 5]". Sportsbook24.net (Sportsbook24). http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=29979. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
^ "Parma, Doumbia verso il Como [Doumbia to Como]". Sportsbook24.net (Sportsbook24). 10 July 2011. http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=30174. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
^ "Ufficiale: Fontanello al Chernomoretz [Official: Fontanello to Chornomorets]" (in Italian). Sportsbook24.net (Sportsbook24). 29 August 2011. http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=33006. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
^ "Parma, preso Mario Rui, che rimane però al Gubbio [Parma, take Mario Rui, who remains at Gubbio]". TuttoMercatoWeb.com. 28 January 2012. http://www.tuttomercatoweb.com/parma/?action=read&idnet=c3BvcnRzYm9vazI0Lm5ldC00MDk3OQ.
^ "Filipe Oliveira al Videoton FC [Filipe Oliveira to Videoton FC]". FCParma.com (Parma F.C.). 4 August 2011. http://fcparma.com/index.php/filipe-oliveira-al-videoton-fc/. Retrieved 4 August 2011.
^ "Ufficiale: Schiavi al Padova [Official: Schiavi to Padova]". Sportsbook24.net (Sportsbook24). 16 July 2011. http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=30533. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
^ ^a ^b Costa, Marco (12 July 2011). "Ufficiale: Baccolo e Manzoni al Frosinone [Official: Baccolo and Manzoni to Frosinone]" (in Italian). Sportsbook24.net (Sportsbook24). http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=30459.
^ "Chiazzolino in prestito al Valenzana [Chiazzolino on loan to Valenzana]". FCParma.com (Parma F.C.). 6 August 2011. http://fcparma.com/index.php/chiazzolino-in-prestito-alla-valenzana/. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
^ Mazzone, Andrea (12 July 2011). "Ufficiale: Parma, ceduto Galli all'Hellas Verona [Official: Parma, Galli off to Hellas Verona]" (in Italian). Sportsbook24.net (Sportsbook24). http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=30272.
^ "Ufficiale: Lofquist al Gubbio [Official: Lofquist to Gubbio]" (in Italian). Sportsbook24.net (Sportsbook24). 31 January 2012. http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=41212. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
^ "Ufficiale: Lunardini al Gubbio [Official: Lunardini to Gubbio]" (in Italian). Sportsbook24.net (Sportsbook24). 31 August 2011. http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=33133. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
^ ^a ^b "Pellè alla Sampdoria e Jadid al Grosseto [Pellè to Sampdoria and Jadid to Grosseto]". FCParma.com (Parma F.C.). 1 February 2012. http://fcparma.com/index.php/pelle-alla-sampdoria-e-jadid-al-grosseto/. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
^ "Ufficiale: Parma, Nwanwko in prestito al Gubbio [Official: Parma, Nwankwo on loan to Gubbio]" (in Italian). Sportsbook24.net (Sportsbook24). 4 January 2012. http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=39515. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
^ Gallaro, Claudio (24 July 2011). "Ufficiale: doppio colpo della Vigor Lamezia [Official: Two Signings for Vigor Lamezia]" (in Italian). TuttoMercatoWeb.com. http://www.tuttomercatoweb.com/legapro/?action=read&idnet=dHV0dG9sZWdhcHJvLmNvbS0zMjM5Nw. Retrieved 31 July 2011.
^ "Ze Eduardo in prestito all’Empoli [Ze Eduardo on loan to Empoli]". FCParma.com (Parma F.C.). 18 January 2012. http://fcparma.com/index.php/ze-eduardo-in-prestito-allempoli/. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
^ "Ufficiale: Paonessa al Gubbio [Official: Paonessa to Gubbio]" (in Italian). Sportsbook24.net (Sportsbook24). 31 August 2011. http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=33125. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
^ "Ufficiale: Sansone al Crotone [Official: Sansone to Crotone]" (in Italian). Sportsbook24.net (Sportsbook24). 31 August 2011. http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=33136. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
^ "Ufficiale: Ciofani va al Gubbio [Official: Ciofani goes to Gubbio]" (in Italian). Sportsbook24.net (Sportsbook24). 22 July 2011. http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=30919. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
^ "De Vitis al Modena, Defrel e Traorè al Foggia, Tombesi al Ravenna [De Vitis to Modena, Defrel e Traorè to Foggia, Tombesi to Ravenna]". FCParma.com (Parma F.C.). 8 July 2011. http://fcparma.com/index.php/de-vitis-al-modena-defrel-e-traore-al-foggia-tombesi-al-ravenna/. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
^ "Djuric resta al Crotone [Djuric stays at Crotone]". FCCrotone.it (F.C. Crotone). 15 June 2011. http://www.fccrotone.it/fcnews.asp?invia=dettaglio&id=453. Retrieved 23 June 2011.
^ "Elia, Ufficiale: Ceduto all'Arzanese [Elia, Official: moved to Arzanese]" (in Italian). CalcioMercato.com. 1 February 2012. http://www.calciomercato.com/mercato/elia-ufficiale-ceduto-all-arzanese-856920. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
^ Gori, Marco (20 July 2011). "ITALY/ OFFICIAL, Parma loan out Lapadula". FootballPress.net (TMW-Staff). http://www.footballpress.net/index.php?action=read&idsel=89464. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
^ "Ufficiale: C.Lucarelli torna al Napoli [Official: C. Lucarelli off to Napoli]". Sportsbook24 (Sportsbook24.net). 20 July 2011. http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=30739. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
^ "Mercato: rinnovato il prestito di Malatesta alla Pro Vercelli [Transfers: loan renewal for Malatesta at Pro Vercelli]". FCParma.com (Parma F.C.). 15 July 2011. http://fcparma.com/index.php/mercato-rinnovato-il-prestito-di-malatesta-alla-pro-vercelli/. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
^ "Organigramma Parma [Organisation Parma]" (in Italian). LegaSerieA.it. Lega Serie A. http://www.legaseriea.it/it/serie-a-tim/squadre/organigramma/-/squadre/Parma/organigramma/1722. Retrieved 29 July 2010.
^ "Organigramma [Organisation Chart]". FCParma.com. Parma F.C.. http://fcparma.com/index.php/giovanili/organigramma/. Retrieved 26 December 2010.
^ ^a ^b "I presidenti e gli allenatori del Parma Football Club [The presidents and coaches of Parma Football Club]" (in Italian). StoriaDelParmaCalcio.com. http://www.storiadelparmacalcio.com/storia-parma-calcio/i-presidenti-e-gli-allenatori-del-parma.htm. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
^ "History". FCParma.com. Parma F.C.. http://fcparma.com/index.php/societa/cenni_storici/?lang=en. Retrieved 12 January 2012.

Bibliography [link]

	Book: Parma F.C.
Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print.

Bellè, Gianfranco; Gandolfi, Giorgio (2003) (in Italian). 90 anni del Parma calcio 1913–2003 [90 Years of Parma Football 1913–2003]. Parma: Azzali Editore.
Dunford, Martin (1 March 2011). The Rough Guide to Italy (10th ed.). Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-84836-717-3. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=M9nLj409H0kC&. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
Giulianotti, Richard (16 Aug 1999). Football: a sociology of the global game. Polity Press. ISBN 978-0-333-94612-1. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=dO1vJEAv1KQC&. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
Melegari, Fabrizio, ed. (2007) (in Italian). Calciatori del Parma (I Crociati nelle figurine Panini) [Parma Players (The Crusaders in Panini Trading Cards)]. Modena: Panini Group.
Morrow, Stephen (30 September 2003). The people's game?: football, finance, and society. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-94612-1. http://books.google.it/books?id=ae3CVjGoRiYC&. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
Sappino, Marco (2000) (in Italian). Dizionario del calcio italiano [Dictionary of Italian football]. 2. Baldini & Castoldi. ISBN 978-88-8089-862-7. http://books.google.it/books?id=J5OpwwKggrsC&pg. Retrieved 23 February 2012.

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Parma Football Club

Official website (English) (Italian)
Parma at Serie A (Italian)
Parma at Football Italia (English)
Parma at ESPN Soccernet (English)

v t e Parma Football Club

Players Managers Academy Statistics and records Honours Current season

History	History Seasons In Europe Strip

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v t e Serie A

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Former clubs	Alessandria Ancona Ascoli Avellino Bari Brescia Casale Catanzaro Como Cremonese Empoli Foggia Lecco Legnano Livorno Lucchese Mantova Messina Modena Padova Perugia Pescara Piacenza Pisa Pistoiese Pro Patria Pro Vercelli Reggiana Reggina Salernitana Sampdoria SPAL Ternana Torino Treviso Triestina Varese Venezia Verona Vicenza

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UEFA Cup Winners' Cup winners

v t e UEFA Cup and UEFA Europa League winners

UEFA Cup	1971–72: Tottenham Hotspur 1972–73: Liverpool 1973–74: Feyenoord 1974–75: Borussia Mönchengladbach 1975–76: Liverpool 1976–77: Juventus 1977–78: PSV Eindhoven 1978–79: Borussia Mönchengladbach 1979–80: Eintracht Frankfurt 1980–81: Ipswich Town 1981–82: IFK Göteborg 1982–83: Anderlecht 1983–84: Tottenham Hotspur 1984–85: Real Madrid 1985–86: Real Madrid 1986–87: IFK Göteborg 1987–88: Bayer Leverkusen 1988–89: Napoli 1989–90: Juventus 1990–91: Internazionale 1991–92: Ajax 1992–93: Juventus 1993–94: Internazionale 1994–95: Parma 1995–96: Bayern Munich 1996–97: Schalke 04 1997–98: Internazionale 1998–99: Parma 1999–2000: Galatasaray 2000–01: Liverpool 2001–02: Feyenoord 2002–03: Porto 2003–04: Valencia 2004–05: CSKA Moscow 2005–06: Sevilla 2006–07: Sevilla 2007–08: Zenit St. Petersburg 2008–09: Shakhtar Donetsk

UEFA Europa League	2009–10: Atlético Madrid 2010–11: Porto 2011–12: Atlético Madrid

UEFA Super Cup winners

Italian Cup winners

Vado (1922)
Torino (1935–36)
Genoa (1936–37)
Juventus (1937–38)
Ambrosiana-Inter (1938–39)
Fiorentina (1939–40)
Venezia (1940–41)
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Milan (1966–67)
Torino (1967–68)
Roma (1968–69)
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Torino (1970–71)
Milan (1971–72; 1972–73)
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Roma (1985–86)
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Sampdoria (1987–88; 1988–89)
Juventus (1989–90)
Roma (1990–91)
Parma (1991–92)
Torino (1992–93)
Sampdoria (1993–94)
Juventus (1994–95)
Fiorentina (1995–96)
Vicenza (1996–97)
Lazio (1997–98)
Parma (1998–99)
Lazio (1999–2000)
Fiorentina (2000–01)
Parma (2001–02)
Milan (2002–03)
Lazio (2003–04)
Internazionale (2004–05; 2005–06)
Roma (2006–07, 2007–08)
Lazio (2008–09)
Internazionale (2009–10; 2010–11)

v t e Italian Super Cup winners

Milan (1988) Internazionale (1989) Napoli (1990) Sampdoria (1991) Milan (1992; 1993; 1994) Juventus (1995) Fiorentina (1996) Juventus (1997) Lazio (1998) Parma (1999) Lazio (2000) Roma (2001) Juventus (2002; 2003) Milan (2004) Internazionale (2005; 2006) Roma (2007) Internazionale (2008) Lazio (2009) Internazionale (2010) Milan (2011)

v t e Football in Italy

Overview	National association League system List of clubs List of venues Records Scudetto Capocannoniere

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Youth competitions	Campionato Nazionale Primavera Coppa Italia Primavera Supercoppa Primavera Torneo di Viareggio Campionato Nazionale Dante Berretti

Women's competitions	Serie A Coppa Italia

Awards	Oscar del Calcio AIC

Miscellaneous	Totonero 1980 Totonero 1986 2006 Italian football scandal 2011–2012 Italian football scandal Foreign Serie A players Foreign Serie B players France–Italy football rivalry

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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parma_F.C.

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

This article is about the Italian city. For other uses, see Parma (disambiguation).

Parma

— Comune —

Comune di Parma

Palazzo del Governatore, Parma

Coat of arms

Parma

Location of Parma in Italy

Coordinates: 44°48′N 10°20′E / 44.8°N 10.333°ECoordinates: 44°48′N 10°20′E / 44.8°N 10.333°E

Country

Parma (PR)

Frazioni

See list

Government

• Mayor

Federico Pizzarotti (M5S)

Area

• Total

260.77 km² (100.68 sq mi)

Elevation

55 m (180 ft)

Population (28 February 2011)

• Total

187,214

• Density

720/km² (1,900/sq mi)

Demonym

Parmigiani (Pram'zan) (Parmensi (Arijoz) are
called the province's inhabitants)

Time zone

CET (UTC+1)

• Summer (DST)

CEST (UTC+2)

Postal code

43121-43126

Dialing code

0521

Patron saint

Sant'Ilario di Poitiers, Sant'Onorato, San Rocco

Saint day

January 13

Website

Official website

Parma listen (help·info) (Emilian: Pärma) is a city in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna famous for its prosciutto, cheese, architecture and surrounding countryside. This is the home of the University of Parma, one of the oldest universities in the world. Parma is divided into two parts by the little stream with the same name. Parma's Etruscan name was adapted by Romans to describe the round shield called Parma.

The Italian poet Attilio Bertolucci (born in a hamlet in the countryside) wrote: "As a capital city it had to have a river. As a little capital it received a stream, which is often dry". The district on the far side of the river is Oltretorrente.

History [link]

Prehistory [link]

Parma was already a built-up area in the Bronze Age. It has been verified by now that in the current position of the city rose a terramare. The "terramare" (marl earth) were ancient villages in structural wood on pile-dwelling built according to a defined scheme and squared form, built on the dry land, generally in proximity of the rivers. During this age (among the 1500 BC and the 800 BC) the first necropolises (placed where stand the present-day Piazza Duomo and Millstone Square) rose also.

Antiquity [link]

The city was most probably founded and named by the Etruscans, for a parma (circular shield) was a Latin borrowing, as were many Roman terms for particular arms, and Parmeal, Parmni and Parmnial are names that appear in Etruscan inscriptions. Diodorus Siculus (XXII, 2,2; XXVIII, 2,1) reported that the Romans had changed their rectangular shields for round ones, imitating the Etruscans. Whether the Etruscan encampment was so named because it was round, like a shield, or whether its situation was a shield against the Gauls to the north, is uncertain.

The Roman colony was founded in 183 BC, together with Mutina (Modena); 2,000 families were settled. Parma had a certain importance as a road hub over the Via Aemilia and the Via Claudia. It had a forum, in what is today the central Garibaldi Square. In 44 BC, the city was destroyed, and Augustus rebuilt it. During the Roman Empire, it gained the title of Julia for its loyalty to the imperial house.

The city was subsequently sacked by Attila, and later given by the barbarian king Odoacer to his fellows. During the Gothic War, however, Totila destroyed it. It was then part of the Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna (changing name to Chrysopolis, "Golden City", probably due to the presence of the imperial treasury) and, from 569, of the Lombard Kingdom of Italy. During the Middle Ages, Parma became an important stage of the Via Francigena, the main road connecting Rome to Northern Europe; several castles, hospitals and inns were built in the following centuries to host the increasing number of pilgrims who passed by Parma and Fidenza, following the Apennines via Collecchio, Berceto and the Corchia ranges before descending the Passo della Cisa into Tuscany, heading finally south toward Rome.

Middle Ages [link]

Baptistery of Parma, 1196-1270

Under the Frankish rule, Parma became the capital of a county (774). Like most northern Italian cities, it was nominally a part of the Holy Roman Empire created by Charlemagne, but locally ruled by its bishops, the first being Guibodus. In the subsequent struggles between the Papacy and the Empire, Parma was usually a member of the Imperial party. Two of its bishops became antipopes: Càdalo, founder of the cathedral, as Honorius II); and Guibert, as Clement III). An almost independent commune was created around 1140; a treaty between Parma and Piacenza of 1149 is the earliest document of a comune headed by consuls.^[1] After the Peace of Constance (1183) confirmed the Italian communes' rights of self-governance, long-standing quarrels with the neighbouring communes of Reggio Emilia, Piacenza and Cremona became harsher, with the aim of controlling the vital trading line over the Po River.

The struggle between Guelphs and Ghibellines was a feature of Parma too. In 1213, her podestà was the Guelph Rambertino Buvalelli. Then, after a long stance alongside the emperors, the Papist families of the city gained control in 1248. The city was besieged in 1247–48 by Emperor Frederick II, who was however crushed in the battle that ensued.

Modern era [link]

Parma in the 15th century

Parma fell under the control of Milan in 1341. After a short-lived period of independence under the Terzi family (1404–1409), Sforza imposed their rule (1440–1449) through their associated families of Pallavicino, Rossi, Sanvitale and Da Correggio. These created a kind of new feudalism, building towers and castles throughout the city and the land. These fiefs evolved into truly independent states: the Landi governed the higher Taro's valley from 1257 to 1682. The Pallavicino seignory extended over the eastern part of today's province, with the capital in Busseto. Parma's territories were an exception for Northern Italy, as its feudal subdivision frequently continued until more recent years. For example, Solignano was a Pallavicino family possession until 1805, and San Secondo belonged to the Rossi well into the 19th century.

Between the 14th and the 15th centuries, Parma was at the centre of the Italian Wars. The Battle of Fornovo was fought in its territory. The French held the city in 1500–1521, with a short Papal parenthesis in 1512–1515. After the foreigners were expelled, Parma belonged to the Papal States until 1545.

In that year the Farnese pope, Paul III, detached Parma and Piacenza from the Papal States and gave them as a duchy for his illegitimate son, Pier Luigi Farnese, whose descendants ruled in Parma until 1731, when Antonio Farnese (1679–1731), last male of the Farnese line, died. In the Treaty of London (1718) it was promulgated that the heir to the duchy would be Elisabeth Farnese's elder son with Philip V of Spain, Don Carlos. In 1731, the fifteen-year-old Don Carlos became Charles I Duke of Parma and Piacenza, at the death of his childless great uncle Antonio Farnese. In 1734, Charles I conquered the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily, and was crowned as the King of Naples and Sicily on 3 July 1735, leaving the Duchy of Parma to his brother Philip (Filippo I di Borbone-Parma).

View of Palazzo della Pilotta in the Piazza della Pace. The rebuilt part on the right is where once was the church of St.Peter. The large hole was caused by an Allies bombing.

In 1594 a constitution was promulgated, the University enhanced and the Nobles' College founded. The war to reduce the barons' power continued for several years: in 1612 Barbara Sanseverino was executed in the central square of Parma, together with six other nobles charged of plotting against the duke. At the end of the 17th century, after the defeat of Pallavicini (1588) and Landi (1682) the Farnese duke could finally hold with firm hand all Parmense territories. The castle of the Sanseverino in Colorno was turned into a luxurious summer palace by Ferdinando Bibiena.

In 1731 the combined Duchy of Parma and Piacenza was given to the House of Bourbon in a diplomatic shuffle of the European dynastic politics that were played out in Italy. Under the new rulers, however, it faced a certain decadence. In 1734 all the outstanding art collections of the duke's palaces of Parma, Colorno and Sala Baganza were moved to Naples.

Parma was under French influence after the Peace of Aachen (1748). Parma became a modern state with the energetic action of prime minister Guillaume du Tillot. He created the bases for a modern industry and fought strenuously against the church's privileges. The city lived a period of particular splendour: the Biblioteca Palatina (Palatine Library), the Archaeological Museum, the Picture Gallery and the Botanical Garden were founded, together with the Royal Printing Works directed by Giambattista Bodoni.

Contemporary age [link]

Parma in 1832

During the Napoleonic Wars (1802–1814), Parma was part of the Taro Département. Under its French name Parme, it was also created a duché grand-fief de l'Empire for Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance, the Emperor's Arch-Treasurer, on 24 April 1808 (extinguished 1926).

After its restoration by the 1814–15 Vienna Congress, the Risorgimento's upheavals had no fertile ground in the tranquil duchy. In 1847, after Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma's death, it passed again to the Bourbons, the last of whom was stabbed in the city and left it to his Widow, Luisa Maria of Berry. On September 15, 1859 the dynasty was declared deposed, and Parma entered in the newly formed provinces of Emilia under Luigi Carlo Farini. With the plebiscite of 1860 the former duchy became part of the unified Kingdom of Italy.

The loss of the capital role provoked an economical and social crisis in Parma. It started to recover its role of industrial prominence after the connection with Piacenza and Bologna of 1859, and with Fornovo and Suzzara in 1883. Trade unions were strong in the city, in which a famous General Strike was declared from May 1 to June 6, 1908. The struggle with Fascism lived its most dramatic moment in the August 1922, when the regime officer Italo Balbo attempted to enter in the popular quarter of Oltretorrente. The citizens organized into the Arditi del Popolo ("People's assaulters") and pushed back the squadristi. This episode is considered the first example of Resistance in Italy.

During World War II, Parma was a strong centre of partisan resistance. The train station and marshalling yards were targets for high altitude bombing by the Allies in the spring of 1944. Much of the Palazzo della Pilotta — situated not far (half a mile) from the train station — was destroyed. Along with it also Teatro Farnese and part of Biblioteca Palatina were destroyed by Allied bombs. Several other monuments were also damaged: Palazzo del Giardino, Steccata church, San Giovanni church, Palazzo Ducale, Paganini theater and the monument to Verdi. However Parma did not see widespread destruction during the war. Parma was liberated of the German occupation (1943–1945) on April 26, 1945 by the partisan resistance and troops of Brazilian Expeditionary Force.^[2] Recently Parma was chosen for the setting of John Grisham's American football comedy Playing for Pizza.

Main sights [link]

Late Mannerist façade of the church of San Giovanni Evangelista, by Simone Moschino (1604), with sculpture by Giambattista Carra da Bissone^[3]

Façade of the church of San Francesco. It was the city's jail.

Churches [link]

The Romanesque Cathedral houses both 12th century sculpture by Benedetto Antelami and a 16th century fresco masterpiece by Antonio da Correggio.
The Baptistery, adjacent to the cathedral was begun in 1196 by Antelami.
The abbey church of Saint John the Evangelist (San Giovanni Evangelista), was originally constructed in the 10th century behind the Cathedral's apse, but had to be rebuilt in 1498 and 1510 after a fire. It has a late Mannerist facade and a belltower designed by Simone Moschino), and retains its Latin cross plan, a nave and two aisles. In 1520–1522, Correggio frescoed the dome with the Vision of St. John the Evangelist, a highly influential fresco which heralded illustionistic perspective in the decoration of church ceilings. Bernardo Falconi designed a putto in the high altar. Also the cloisters and the ancient Benedictine grocery are noteworthy. The library has books from the 15th and 16th centuries.
Sanctuary of Santa Maria della Steccata.
The Benedictine Monastery of San Paolo, founded in the 11th century. It houses precious frescoes by Correggio, in the so-called Camera di San Paolo (1519–1520), and Alessandro Araldi.
The Gothic church of San Francesco del Prato (13th century). From Napoleonic era to 1990s it was the city's jail, for which the 16 windows in the facade were opened. The original rose windows (1461) has 16 rays, which, in the medieval tradition, represented the house of God. The Oratory of the Concezione houses frescoes by Michelangelo Anselmi and Francesco Rondani. The altarpiece by Girolamo Mazzola Bedoli is now in the National Gallery of Parma.
Church of Santa Croce, dating to the early 12th century. The original edifice, in Romanesque style, had a nave and two aisles with a semicircular apse. This was renovated first in 1415 and again in 1635–1666, with the heightening of the aisles and nave, the addition of a bresbytery, a dome and of the chapel of St. Joseph. The frescoes in the nave (by Giovanni Maria Conti della Camera, Francesco Reti and Antonio Lombardi) date to this period.
Church of San Sepolcro, built in 1275 over a pre-existing religious edifice. The church was largely renovated in 1506, 1603 and 1701, when the side on the Via Emilia was remade in Neoclassicist style. The church has a nave with side chapels. The Baroque bell tower was built in 1616, the cups being finished in 1753. Annexed is the former monastery of the Rrgular Canons of the Lateran, dating to 1493–1495.
Church of Santa Maria del Quartiere (1604–1619), characterized by a usual hexagonal plan. The cupola is decorated with frescoes by Pier Antonio Bernabei and his pupils.

Palaces [link]

The Palazzo della Pilotta (1583). It houses the Academy of Fine Arts with artists of the School of Parma, the Palatine Library, the National Gallery, the Archaeological Museum, the Bodoni Museum^[4] and the Farnese Theatre.
The Ducal Palace, built from 1561 for Duke Ottavio Farnese on a design by Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola. Built on the former Sforza castle area, it was enlarged in the 17th–18th centuries. It includes the Palazzo Eucherio Sanvitale, with interesting decorations dating from the 16th centuries and attributed to Gianfrancesco d'Agrate, and a fresco by Parmigianino. Annexed is the Ducal Park also by Vignola. It was turned into a French-style garden in 1749.
The Palazzo del Comune, built in 1627.
The Palazzo del Governatore ("Governor's Palace"), dating from the 13th century.
The Bishop's Palace (1055).
Ospedale Vecchio ("Old Hospital"), created in 1250 and later renovated in Renaissance times. It is now home to the State Archives and to the Communal Library.

Other [link]

The Teatro Farnese was constructed in 1618–1619 by Giovan Battista Aleotti, totally in wood. It was commissioned by Duke Ranuccio I for the visit of Cosimo I de' Medici.
The Cittadella, a large fortress erected in the 16th century by order of Duke Alessandro Farnese, close to the old walls.
The Pons Lapidis (also known as Roman Bridge or Theoderic's Bridge), a Roman structure in stone dating from Augustus reign.
The Orto Botanico di Parma is a botanical garden maintained by the University of Parma.
The Teatro Regio ("Royal Theatre"), built in 1821–1829 by Nicola Bettoli. It has a Neo-Classical facade and a porch with double window order. It is the city's opera house.
The Auditorium Niccolò Paganini, designed by Renzo Piano.
The Museum House of Arturo Toscanini, where the famous musician was born.
Museo Lombardi. It exhibits a prestigious collection of art and historical items regarding Maria Luigia of Habsburg and her first husband Napoleon Bonaparte; important works and documents concerning the Duchy of Parma in the 18th and 19th centuries are also kept by the Museum.

[edit] Frazioni

Opera

Alberi, Baganzola, Beneceto, Botteghino, Ca'Terzi, Calestani, Carignano, Carpaneto, Cartiera, Casalbaroncolo, Casalora di Ravadese, Casaltone, Case Capelli, Case Cocconi, Case Crostolo, Case Nuove, Case Rosse, Case Vecchie, Casino dalla Rosa, Casagnola, Castelletto, Castelnovo, Cervara, Chiozzola, Coloreto, Corcagnano, Eia, Fontanini, Fontanellato, Gaione, Ghiaiata Nuova, Il Moro, La Catena, La Palazzina, Malandriano, Marano, Marore, Martorano, Molino di Malandriano, Osteria San Martino, Panocchia, Paradigna, Pedrignano, Pilastrello, Pizzolese, Ponte, Porporano, Pozzetto Piccolo, Quercioli, Ravadese, Ronco Pascolo, Rosa, San Pancrazio, San Prospero, San Ruffino, San Secondo, Sissa, Soragna, Sorbolo, Valera, Viarolo, Viazza, Vicofertile, Vicomero, Vigatto, Vigheffio, Vigolante.

Demographics [link]

ISTAT 2007 [1]
	Parma, Emilia-Romagna	Italy
Median age	46 years	42 years
Under 18 years old	14.9%	18.1%
Over 65 years old	22.9%	20.0%
Foreign Population	9.1%	5.8%
Births/1,000 people	8.53 b	9.45 b

In 2007, there were 177,069 people residing in Parma located in the province of Parma, Emilia-Romagna, of whom 47.4% were male and 52.6% were female. Minors (children ages 18 and younger) totalled 14.87% of the population compared to pensioners who numbered 22.90%. This compares with the Italian average of 18.06% (minors) and 19.94% (pensioners). The average age of a Parma resident is 46 compared to the Italian average of 42. In the five years between 2002 and 2007, the population of Parma experienced 6.97% growth, while Italy as a whole grew by 3.56%.^[5]^[6] The current birth rate of Parma is 8.53 births per 1,000 inhabitants compared to the Italian average of 9.45 births.

As of 2006, 90.91% of the population was Italian. The largest foreign group came from other parts of Europe (namely Albania, Romania, and Ukraine): 3.61%, followed by Sub-Saharan Africa (namely Ghana): 1.86%, and North Africa: 1.44%. Approximately 17.9% of newborns has at least one parent of foreign origins, compared to the Italian average of 10.3%.^[7]

Food and cuisine [link]

Parma is famous for its food and rich gastronomical tradition: Parmigiano Reggiano cheese (also produced in Reggio Emilia), Prosciutto di Parma (Parma ham). Parma claims several stuffed pasta dishes like "tortelli d'erbetta" and "anolini in brodo".

In 2004 Parma was appointed the seat of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Parma also has two food multinationals, Barilla and Parmalat and a food tourism sector represented by Parma Golosa and Food Valley.

Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese, the true "parmesan"
Prosciutto di Parma (cured ham)
Tortelli d'erbetta
Anolini in brodo(broth)

International relations [link]

Twin towns — Sister cities [link]

Parma is twinned with:

Sport [link]

Parma F.C. was founded in 1913. It is a Serie A football club renowned in Italy and Europe for its successes including three national cups, a European Cup Winner's Cup, two UEFA Cups, a European Supercup and an Italian Supercup. It plays in the city's stade Ennio Tardini which used to host up to 29,000 spectators but is being renovated in 2008 after the club was demoted to Serie B. In spring 2009 the team was promoted again in the top league (Serie A).

Parma is also home to two rugby union teams in the top national division, Overmach Rugby Parma and SKG Gran Rugby.

Parma Panthers is the Parma American football team for which John Grisham's book Playing for Pizza was based.

Also volleyball, women basketball and baseball have large popularity in the city and have scored relevant successes.

Transport [link]

Parma railway station is on the Milan–Bologna railway.

The Parma trolleybus system has been in operation since 1953. It replaced an earlier tramway network, and presently comprises four trolleybus routes.

Aeroporto Internazionale di Parma, Parma's airport, offers commercial flights to cities in a number of European countries.

Famous people [link]

Detail of Correggio's frescoes in the Camera di San Paolo

Painters and sculptors [link]

Francesco Mazzola, best known as Il Parmigianino, painter
Sisto Badalocchio, painter
Alessandro Araldi, painter
Michelangelo Anselmi, painter born in Tuscany
Giovanni Maria Francesco Rondani, painter
Girolamo Mazzola Bedoli, painter
Filippo Mazzola, painter
Antonio da Correggio (Antonio Allegri), painter born in Correggio (Reggio Emilia)
Benedetto Antelami
Giacomo (or Jacopo) Zanguidi ( Bertoia)
Giovan Federico Bonzagni
Amedeo Bocchi
Bartolomeo Schedoni
Oreste Carpi

References [link]

^ G. Drei, Le Carte degli archivi parmensi del secolo XII (Parma, 1950) doc. no. 194; the genesis of the Parmesan commune is studied by R. Schumann, "Authority and the commune: Parma, 833–1033", (Parma:Deputazione di storia patria, series 2.2, VIII) 1973.
^ "Mapa da рrea de operaушes". Pitoresco.com. http://www.pitoresco.com/historia/guerra/guerra01.htm. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
^ 'Duomo Parma: La Città".
^ "Bodoni Museum". briar press official website. briar press. http://www.briarpress.org/1835. Retrieved 2009-10-23.
^ "Statistiche demografiche ISTAT". Demo.istat.it. http://demo.istat.it/bil2002/index.html. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
^ "Statistiche demografiche ISTAT". Demo.istat.it. http://demo.istat.it/bil2007/index.html. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
^ "Statistiche demografiche ISTAT". Demo.istat.it. http://demo.istat.it/str2006/index.html. Retrieved 2009-05-06.

External links [link]

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Inter

200px

Full name

Football Club Internazionale Milano S.p.A.

Nickname(s)

I Nerazzurri (The Black and Blues)
La Beneamata (The Cherished One)
Il Biscione (The Big Grass Snake)
Baüscia (Boasters in Lombard language)

Founded

March 9, 1908; 104 years ago

Ground

San Siro, Milan
(Capacity: 80,018^[1])

Owner

President

Head coach

League

Serie A, 6th

Website

Club home page

Home colours

Away colours

Current season

Football Club Internazionale Milano S.p.A., commonly referred to as Internazionale or simply Inter, is a professional Italian football club based in Milan, Lombardy. The club is commonly known as Inter Milan outside of Italy.^[2]^[3] They have spent their entire history in the top flight First Division (known as Serie A since 1929). Internazionale have won 30 domestic trophies, including the league eighteen times, the Coppa Italia seven and the Supercoppa Italiana five. From 2006 to 2010 the club won five successive league titles, equalling the all-time record.^[4] They have won the Champions League three times; two back-to-back in 1964 and 1965 and then another in 2010. The last completed an unprecedented Italian treble with the Coppa Italia and the Scudetto. The club has also won three UEFA Cups, two Intercontinental Cups and one FIFA Club World Cup.

Inter's home games are played at San Siro, also known as the Stadio Giuseppe Meazza. The stadium, which is shared with A.C. Milan, is the largest in Italian football, with a total capacity of 80,018.^[5] Milan are considered one of their biggest rivals, and matches between the two teams are called Derby della Madonnina, which is one of the most followed derbies in football.^[6] As of 2010, Inter is the second most supported team in Italy,^[7] and the eighth most supported team in Europe.^[8] The current president and owner of Inter is Massimo Moratti. The club is one of the wealthiest and most valuable in Italian and world football.^[9] It was a founding member of the now-defunct G-14 group of Europe's leading football clubs as well as its replacement, the European Club Association.^[10]

1 History
2 Colours and badge
3 Stadium
4 Supporters and rivalries
5 Current squad
6 Presidential history
7 Managerial history
8 Honours
- 8.1 National titles
- 8.2 International titles
  - 8.2.1 World-wide titles
  - 8.2.2 European titles
9 Club statistics and records
10 FC Internazionale Milano as a company
11 Kit manufacturers & Shirt sponsors
12 See also
13 References
14 External links

History [link]

Main article: History of F.C. Internazionale Milano

Foundation and early years (1908–1922)[link]

First Inter side to win the scudetto, in 1909–10

The club was founded on 9 March 1908 as Football Club Internazionale, following a "schism" from the Milan Cricket and Football Club (44 members). A group of Italians and Swiss (Giorgio Muggiani, a painter who also designed the club's logo, Bossard, Lana, Bertoloni, De Olma, Enrico Hintermann, Arturo Hintermann, Carlo Hintermann, Pietro Dell'Oro, Hugo and Hans Rietmann, Voelkel, Maner, Wipf, and Carlo Ardussi) were unhappy about the domination of Italians in the AC Milan team, and broke away from them, leading to the creation of Internazionale. The name of the club derives from the wish of its founding members to accept foreign players as well as Italians.

The club won its very first Scudetto (championship) in 1910 and its second in 1920. The captain and coach of the first Scudetto was Virgilio Fossati, who was killed in World War I.

After early years (1922–1960)[link]

In 1922 Inter were in Group B of the Serie A and came in dead last after picking up only 11 points in the season. Thanks to the reunion of the C.C.I. (Confederazione Calcistica Italiana) and Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio (FIGC), Inter remained in the top league after winning the salvation play-off.

In 1928, during the Fascist era, the club was forced to merge with the Unione Sportiva Milanese and was renamed Società Sportiva Ambrosiana.^[11] They wore white shirts around this time with a red cross emblazoned on it. This shirt design was inspired by the flag and coat of arms of the city of Milan, which in turn is derived from the flag of the patron saint of Milan, St. Ambrose and dates back to the 4th century AD. The new upcoming President Oreste Simonotti decided to change name to Associazione Sportiva Ambrosiana in 1929. However, supporters continued to call the team Inter, and in 1931 new president Pozzani caved to shareholder pressure and changed the name to Associazione Sportiva Ambrosiana-Inter.

Their first Coppa Italia (Italian Cup) was won in 1938-39, led by the great legend Giuseppe Meazza, for whom the San Siro stadium is officially named, and a fifth league championship followed in 1940, despite an injury to Meazza. After the end of World War II the club re-emerged under a name close to their original one; FC Internazionale Milano, which they have kept ever since. Following the war, Inter won its sixth championship in 1953 and the seventh in 1954.

Grande Inter (1960–1968)[link]

Facchetti on a 1968 Ajman stamp

In 1960, Helenio Herrera joined Internazionale from FC Barcelona. From FC Barcelona, he brought his midfield general Luis Suárez who would win the European Footballer of the Year in the same year for his role in FC Barcelona's La Liga/Fairs Cup double. He would transform Internazionale into one of the greatest teams in Europe. He modified a 5-3-2 tactic known as the Verrou (door bolt) to include larger flexibility for counter attacks. The Catenaccio system was invented by an Austrian coach named Karl Rappan. Rappan's original system was implemented with 4 fixed defenders, playing a strict man-to-man marking system, plus a playmaker in the middle of the field who plays the ball together with two midfield wings. Herrera would modify it by adding a fifth defenders, the sweeper or libero behind the two centre backs. The sweeper or libero who acted as the free man would deal with any attackers who went through the two centre backs. Internazionale would finish 3rd in Serie A his first season, 2nd the next year and first in his 3rd season. And then followed a back-to-back European Cup victory in 1964 and 1965. Herrera earned the title "ll Mago" which meant the magician. The code of Herrera's team was the fullbacks Tarcisio Burgnich and Giacinto Facchetti, Armando Picchi the sweeper, Luis Suárez the playmaker, Jair the winger, Mario Corso the left midfielder and Sandro Mazzola who played the inside-right.

In 1964, Internazionale reached the Final by beating Borussia Dortmund in the semifinal and FK Partizan in the quarterfinal. In the Final, they met Real Madrid, a team had reached 7 out of the 9 existing Finals. Real Madrid consisted of the aging stars of the 1950s and a few emerging players that would win the European Cup in 1966. It was Sandro Mazzola who stole the show by scoring two goals in a 3-1 victory.

A year later, Inter repeated the feat by beating two-time winner SL Benfica in the final held at home. Jair was the lone scorer in 1-0 win.

By 1967, Jair was gone. Luis Suárez was injured and missed the Final. Sandro Mazzola's penalty was not enough to stop Celtic FC from winning the title.

After Helenio Herrera era (1968–1990)[link]

Following the golden era of the 1960s, Inter managed to win their eleventh league title in 1971 and their twelfth in 1980. Inter were defeated for the second time in five years in the final of the European Cup, going down 0-2 to Johan Cruijff's Ajax Amsterdam in 1972. During the 1970s and the 1980s, Inter also added two to its Coppa Italia tally, in 1977-78 and 1981-82.

Led by the German duo of Andreas Brehme and Lothar Matthäus, and Argentine Ramón Díaz, Inter captured the 1989 Serie A championship. Fellow German Jürgen Klinsmann and the Italian Supercup were added the following season but to little avail as Inter were unable to defend their title.

Dark times (1990–2004)[link]

The 1990s was a period of disappointment. Whilst their great rivals AC Milan and Juventus were achieving success both domestically and in Europe, Inter were left behind, with repeated mediocre results in the domestic league standings, their worst coming in 1993-94 when they finished just 1 point out of the relegation zone. Nevertheless, they achieved some European success with 3 UEFA Cup victories in 1991, 1994 and 1998.

Massimo Moratti, Inter's current President

With Massimo Moratti's takeover from Ernesto Pellegrini in 1995 Inter were promised more success with many high profile signings like Ronaldo and Christian Vieri, with Inter twice breaking the world record transfer fee in this period (₤19.5 million for Ronaldo from FC Barcelona in summer 1997 and ₤31 million for Christian Vieri from Lazio in summer 1999). However the 1990s remained a decade of disappointment and is the only decade in Inter's history in which they did not win a single Italian Serie A championship. For Inter fans it was difficult to find who in particular was to blame for the troubled times and this led to some icy relations between them and the president, the managers and even some individual players.

Inter chairman Massimo Moratti later became a target of the fans, especially when he sacked the much-loved coach Luigi Simoni after only a few games into the 1998/99 season, after having just received Italian manager of the year award 1998 the day before Massimo Moratti decided to end his contract. In the 1998-99 season Inter failed to qualify for any European competition for the first time in almost 10 years, finishing in a poor eighth place.

Marcello Lippi was sacked after the first 2000-01 matchday

In the 1999-00 season, Massimo Moratti made some major changes, marking once again some high-profile signings. A major coup for Inter was the appointment of former Juventus manager Marcello Lippi. Moreover, Inter were seen by the majority of the fans and press to have finally put together a winning formula. Other signings included Italian and French legends Angelo Peruzzi and Laurent Blanc together with other former Juventus players Christian Vieri and Vladimir Jugović. Inter were also seen to have an advantage in this season as they had no European "distraction". Once again they failed to win the elusive Scudetto. However they did manage to come close to their first domestic success since 1989 when they reached the Coppa Italia final only to be defeated by Lazio allowing them to win the Scudetto and domestic cup double.

The following season another disaster struck. Inter impressed in the Supercoppa Italia match against Lazio and took the lead through new signing Robbie Keane and Hakan Şükür – however, they lost 4-3. Overall, though, they were looking good for the season that was about to start. What followed was another embarrassment, as they were eliminated in the preliminary round of the Champions League by Swedish club Helsingborgs IF. Alvaro Recoba was given the opportunity to equal the tie with a last-minute penalty, but Helsingborg goalkeeper Sven Andersson made the save. Inter found themselves back at square one as Marcello Lippi, the manager at the time, was sacked after only a single game of the new season following Inter's first ever Serie A defeat to Reggina. Throughout this period, Inter suffered the mocking of their neighbours AC Milan; Milan were having success both domestically and in Europe. Also throughout this period suffered endless defeats to AC Milan including a 6-0 defeat in 2000-01 season. Marco Tardelli, chosen to replace Lippi, failed to improve results, and is remembered by Inter fans as the manager that lost 6-0 the city derby to AC Milan in the 2000-01 season. Other members of the Inter "family" during this period that suffered were the likes of Christian Vieri and Fabio Cannavaro, both of whom had their restaurants in Milan vandalised after defeats against AC Milan.

Héctor Cúper, who was in charge between 2001 and 2003

In 2002, not only did Inter manage to make it to the Uefa cup semi-finals, they were also only 45 minutes away from capturing the Scudetto, when they needed to maintain a one-goal advantage over SS Lazio at Rome's Olimpico stadium. This was the last match of the season, and Inter were top of the Serie A table at kick-off. However, a defeat would see Juventus, who were second, or even AS Roma, in third place, take the title from them. As a result, some SS Lazio fans were actually openly supporting Inter during this match, as an Inter victory would prevent their bitter rivals AS Roma from winning the championship. Inter were 2-1 up after only 24 minutes. SS Lazio equalised during first half injury time and then scored two more goals in the second half to clinch victory that eventually saw Juventus win the championship after their 2-0 victory away to Udinese.

2002-03 saw Inter take a respectable second place and also managed to make it to the 2003 Champions League semi finals against their bitter rivals AC Milan. Being tied 1-1 with AC Milan, Inter lost on away goals rule. It was another disappointement but they were finally on the right track.

However, once again Massimo Moratti's impatience got the better of him, Hernán Crespo was sold after just one season, and Hector Cuper was fired after only a few games. Alberto Zaccheroni stepped in, a life long Inter fan but also the man who was in charge of SS Lazio's 4-2 victory over Inter in 2002, the fans were sceptical. Zaccheroni brought nothing new to the side, apart from two fantastic wins over Juventus 3-1 in Turin and 3-2 at the San Siro the season was again nothing special. They were embarrassingly eliminated from the UEFA Champions League in the first round finishing 3rd in their group. Furthermore, they only managed to scrape back into the Champions League by finishing in 4th place by only a point over Parma A.C.. Inter's only saving grace in 2003-04 was the arrival of Dejan Stanković and Adriano in January 2004 both solid players that filled the gap that was left by the departures of Hernán Crespo and Clarence Seedorf.

Resurrection & back to back titles (2004–present)[link]

Revival (2004–2008)[link]

Roberto Mancini became the third coach in Inter history to win back-to-back league titles after Alfredo Foni and Helenio Herrera

On 1 July 2004, Inter announced on their official website that they had appointed former Lazio boss Roberto Mancini as new head coach. In his first season Inter and Mancini collected 72 points from 18 win, 18 draw and only 2 loses. On June 15, 2005, Inter won the Coppa Italia, defeating AS Roma in the two-legged final 3-0 on aggregate (1-0 win in Milan and 2-0 win in Rome) and followed that up on 20 August 2005, by winning the Supercoppa Italiana after an extra-time 1-0 victory against original 04-05 Serie A champions Juventus (before being stripped of this title). This Super Cup win was Inter's first since 1989, coincidentally the same year since Inter last won the Scudetto before 2006. On 11 May 2006, Inter retained their Coppa Italia trophy by once again, defeating AS Roma with a 4-1 aggregate victory (A 1-1 scoreline in Rome and a 3-1 win at the Giuseppe Meazza, San Siro).

Inter were awarded the 2005-06 Serie A championship as they were the highest placed side in the season's final league table after points were stripped from Juventus and AC Milan - both sides involved in the match fixing scandal that year. On 14 July 2006, The Italian Federal Appeal Commission found Serie A clubs Juventus, Lazio, Fiorentina, Reggina and AC Milan guilty of match-fixing and charged the 5 clubs with their respective punishments, (although all charges were later reduced in some capacity). So with the confirmed relegation of Juventus Turin to Serie B (for the first ever time in their history) and the 8-point deduction for city rivals AC Milan, Inter became favorites to retain their Serie A title for the upcoming 2006-07 Serie A season.

On April 22, 2007 Inter were crowned Serie A champions for the 2nd consecutive season after defeating Siena 2-1 at Stadio Artemio Franchi. Italian World Cup winning defender Marco Materazzi scored both goals in the 18th and 60th minute, with the latter being a penalty.

Zlatan Ibrahimović during the 2007–08 Serie A season

Inter started the 2007–08 season with the goal of winning both Serie A and UEFA Champions League. The team started well in the league, topping the table from the first round of matches, and also managed to qualify for the Champions League knockout stage; however, a late collapse leading to a 2–0 defeat with 10 men away to Liverpool on 19 February in the Champions League threw into question manager Roberto Mancini's future at Inter, and domestic form took a sharp turn of fortune with the team failing to win in the three following Serie A games (drawing with Sampdoria and major league opponents Roma, before losing away to Napoli, their first domestic defeat of the season). After being eliminated by Liverpool in the Champions League, Mancini then announced his intention to leave his job, only to change his mind the following day.

Following their late collapse leading to a 2–0 loss with 10 men away to Liverpool on 19 February in the Champions League and questions over Mancini's future Inter's domestic form took a sharp turn of fortune with the team failing to win in the three following Serie A games (drawing with Sampdoria and Roma, before losing away to Napoli). Inter had a second run of this kind between 19 and 29 March in which they again went winless through three games (against Genoa, Juventus and Lazio.) Like weeks previously, on 4 May 2008 Inter once again had a chance to wrap up their scudetto race; this time against city rivals AC Milan, but suffered a 2–1 defeat. The following week Inter again had the chance to wrap up their scudetto against Siena in a home match, complete with a festive atmosphere and an expectant crowd. However, Inter again failed to win the Scudetto, losing their lead twice and ultimately earning a 2–2 draw, with Marco Materazzi failing to convert a penalty in the dying embers of the match. The same week Roma scored a 2–1 victory away to Atalanta, thus catapulting the Romans to within just 1 point of Inter going into the final round of the Championship, despite trailing their Milanese rivals by 11 points earlier on in the season.

On Day 38, the final day of the Seria A 2007–2008 season, Inter played Parma FC away, whilst Roma travelled to Catania. This week offered an interesting juxtaposition, as both Roma and Inter looked to take the title, whereas Parma and Catania were both fighting for survival. Many scenarios could have played out, however Inter were still favourites due to their superior head to head record with Roma, all Inter needed to do was match Roma's result. The day started with Roma taking an early lead against Catania and for 60 minutes of the final day Roma were top of the league; however, the lead would not hold. Inter, seemingly rejuvenated due to the introduction of Swedish striker Zlatan Ibrahimovic, began to take control of the game. Amidst the pouring rain at the Ennio Tardini stadium in Parma, Ibrahimvoic fired a low shot making it 1–0 in the 62'. Another Ibrahimovic blast sealed the victory, and with it the hope of winning the championship faded away for Roma. Elsewhere, Catania managed to score a late equalizer that granted them the stay in Serie A for the upcoming 2009 season and left Roma 3 points behind Inter. Inter sealed their 3rd Championship in a row and had a late night celebration at the San Siro stadium upon their return to Milan, where they were presented with the Serie A trophy.

Following this win, the club however decided to sack Mancini on 29 May, citing his declarations following the Champions League defeat to Liverpool as the reason.^[12]

Modern history (2008–present)[link]

José Mourinho, winner of the first "treble" in Italian history in the season 2009–2010, with Inter

On 2 June, Inter announced on their official website that they had appointed former FC Porto and Chelsea boss José Mourinho as new head coach, with Giuseppe Baresi as his assistant. This made Mourinho the only foreign coach in Italy in the 2008–09 season kick-off.^[13] Mourinho made only three additions to the squad during the summer transfer window of 2008 in the form of Mancini,^[14] Sulley Muntari,^[15] and Ricardo Quaresma.^[16] Under Mourinho's first season as Inter head coach, the Nerazzurri won an Italian Super Cup and a fourth consecutive title, being, however, also eliminated from the Champions League in the first knockout round for a third consecutive time, losing to Manchester United. In winning the league title for the fourth consecutive time, Inter joined Torino and Juventus as the only teams to do this and the first to accomplish this feat in the last 60 years.

Inter enjoyed more luck in the 2009–10 Champions League, managing to progress to the quarter-finals by eliminating Mourinho's former team Chelsea in a 3–1 aggregate win; this was the first time in three years that the Nerazzurri had passed the first knockout round. Inter then progressed to the semi-finals of the tournament by beating CSKA Moscow 2–0 on aggregate, winning both legs.^[17] Inter managed to achieve a 3–1 win over incumbent champions Barcelona in the first leg of the semi-final. In the second leg, a resolute Inter lost 1–0 but progressed 3–2 on aggregate to their fifth European Cup/Champions League Final, with Bayern Munich as opponents. They won the match 2–0 thanks to two goals from Diego Milito, and were crowned champions of Europe.^[18]

Inter also won the 2009–2010 Serie A title by two points over Roma, and the 2010 Coppa Italia by defeating the same side 1–0 in the final.^[19]

By winning the Scudetto, the Coppa Italia and the prestigious Champions League in a single season, Internazionale completed The Treble, becoming the first ever Italian team to achieve the feat. However, their attempt to defend these honours will be without José Mourinho, as he agreed a deal to take charge of Spanish club Real Madrid on 28 May 2010.^[20] Inter appointed Rafael Benítez as new coach after signing a two-year contract on June 2010.

Javier Zanetti, Inter's current captain

On 21 August 2010, Inter defeated Roma 3–1 and won the 2010 Supercoppa Italiana, the fourth trophy of the year. In December 2010, they claimed the FIFA Club World Cup for the first time after a 3–0 win against TP Mazembe in the final.^[21] Internazionale completed The Quintuple, becoming the fourth team in the world after Liverpool in 2001, Al-Ahly in 2006 & Barcelona in 2009.

However, after this win, on 23 December, due to his poor performance in Serie A and separated by 13 points from the leader Milan (although Inter played two games less, because of the FIFA Club World Cup appointment), the team announced on their website the departure of Rafael Benítez^[22] to be replaced by Leonardo the following day.^[23] During the winter transfer window, Andrea Ranocchia,^[24] Giampaolo Pazzini,^[25] Houssine Kharja,^[26] and Yuto Nagatomo^[27] joined the squad.

Leonardo has huge impact on the team even with the absent of Samuel Eto'o due to suspension, and Wesley Sneijder and Júlio César due to injury. Inter won their match against Napoli with two goals from Thiago Motta and another one form Esteban Cambiasso. Inter continues their good start with Leonardo with five wins in raw in all competitions, until they lost against Udinese, but Inter got in their feet quickly by qualified to the semifinal of Coppa Italia and win against Palermo after great comeback from 0-2 to win with 3-2 and two goals from new signing Giampaolo Pazzini.

Colours and badge [link]

Ambrosiana Inter Kit

One of the founders of Inter, a painter named Giorgio Muggiani, was responsible for the design of the first Inter logo in 1908. The first design incorporated the letters 'FCIM' in the center of a series of circles that formed the badge of the club. The basic elements of the design have remained constant even as finer details have been modified over the years. In 1998, the club came out with a brand-new iteration of the club crest, sticking to the original design while adding minor aesthetic updates.

Since its founding in 1908, Inter have worn black and blue stripes. It is rumored that black was chosen to represent night and blue was chosen to represent the sky.^[28] Aside from a short period during World War II, Inter continued to wear the black and blue stripes, earning them the nickname Nerazzurri.^[29] For a period of time, however, Inter was forced to abandon their black and blue uniforms. In 1928, Inter's name and philosophy made the ruling Fascist Party uneasy. As a result, during the same year the 20-year-old club was merged with Unione Sportiva Milanese. The new club was named Società Sportiva Ambrosiana after the patron saint of Milan.^[30] The flag of Milan (the red cross on white background) replaced the traditional black and blue.^[31] After World War II when the Fascists had fallen from power the club reverted to their original name and colors. In 2008, Inter celebrated their centenary with a red cross on their away shirt. Reminiscent of the flag of their city, the pattern continues to be used on their third kit to this day.

Animals are often used to represent football clubs in Italy, the grass snake, called Il biscione or Serpente representing Inter. The snake is an important symbol for the city of Milan, appearing often in Milanese heraldry as a coiled viper with a man in its jaws. The symbol is famous for its presence on the coat of arms of the House of Sforza (who ruled over Italy from Milan during the Renaissance period), the city of Milan, the historical Duchy of Milan (a 400 year state of the Holy Roman Empire), and Insubria (a historical regional area which the city of Milan falls within). For the 2010–11 season Inter's away kit featured the serpent.

Stadium [link]

Stadio Giuseppe Meazza
San Siro

Location	Via Piccolomini 5, 20151 Milan, Italy
Broke ground	1925
Opened	19 September 1926
Renovated	1939, 1955, 1989
Owner	Municipality of Milan
Operator	AC Milan and Internazionale
Construction cost	₤5,000,000 (1926), ₤5,100,000 (1939), $60,000,000 (1989)
Architect	Ulisse Stacchini (1925), Giancarlo Ragazzi (1989), Enrico Hoffer (1989)
Capacity	80,018 seated
Tenants
AC Milan (1926–present), Internazionale (1947-present)

For more details on this topic, see San Siro.

The team's stadium is the 80,018 seat San Siro, officially known as Stadio Giuseppe Meazza after the former player who represented both AC Milan and Inter. The more commonly used name, San Siro, is the name of the district where it's located. San Siro has been the home of AC Milan since 1926, when it was privately built by funding from Milan's president at the time, Piero Pirelli. Construction was performed by 120 workers, and took 13 and a half months to complete. The stadium was owned by the club until it was sold to the city council in 1935, and since 1947 it has been shared with Internazionale, when they were accepted as joint tenant.

The first game played at the stadium was on 19 September 1926, when AC Milan lost 6-3 in a friendly match against Internazionale. AC Milan played its first league game in San Siro on September 19, 1926, losing 1-2 to Sampierdarenese. From an initial capacity of 35,000 spectators, the stadium has undergone several major renovations, most recently in preparation for the 1990 FIFA World Cup when its capacity was set to 85,700, all covered with a polycarbonate roof. In the summer of 2008 its capacity has been reduced to 80,018, in order to meet the new standards set by UEFA.

Based on the English model for stadiums, San Siro is specifically designed for football matches, as opposed to many multi-purpose stadiums used in Serie A. It is therefore renowned in Italy for its fantastic atmosphere during matches, thanks to the closeness of the stands to the pitch. The frequent use of flares by supporters contributes to the atmosphere but the practice has occasionally caused problems.

On 19 December 2005, AC Milan's vice-president and executive director Adriano Galliani announced that the club is seriously working towards a relocation. He said that Milan's new stadium will be largely based on the Veltins-Arena and will follow the standards of football stadiums in the United States, Germany and Spain. As opposed to many other stadiums in Italy, Milan's new stadium will likely be used for football only, having no athletics track. The new stadium's naming rights will be probably sold to a sponsor, similarly to Arsenal's Emirates Stadium.^[32] It remains to be seen if this plan will proceed or if this is just a ploy to force the owners (Comune di Milano) to sell the stadium to AC Milan for a nominal fee so as to proceed with extensive renovations. The possibility of Internazionale vacating San Siro may affect proceedings.

Supporters and rivalries [link]

Inter created display in their curva at the Stadio Giuseppe Meazza.

Inter is one of the most supported clubs in Italy, according to an August 2007 research by Italian newspaper La Repubblica.^[33] Historically, the largest section of Inter fans from the city of Milan have been the middle-class bourgeoisie Milanese, while AC Milan fans are typically working-class and a significant portion are migrants from Southern Italy.^[29]

The traditional ultras group of Inter is Boys San; they hold a significant place in the history of the ultras scene in general due to the fact that they are one of the oldest, being founded in 1969. Politically, the ultras of Inter are usually considered right-wing and they have good relationships with the Lazio ultras. As well as the main group of Boys San, there are four more significant groups: Viking, Irriducibili, Ultras, and Brianza Alcoolica.

Inter's most vocal fans are known to gather in the Curva Nord, or north curve of the Giuseppe Meazza stadium. This longstanding tradition has led to the Curva Nord being synonymous with the club's most die-hard supporters, who unfurl banners and wave flags in support of their team.

Inter have several rivalries, two of which are highly significant in Italian football; firstly, they participate in the inter-city Derby della Madonnina with AC Milan; the rivalry has existed ever since Inter splintered off from Milan in 1908.^[29] The name of the derby refers to the Blessed Virgin Mary, whose statue atop the Milan Cathedral is one of the city's main attractions. The match usually creates a lively atmosphere, with numerous (often humorous or offensive) banners unfolded before the match. Flares are commonly present, but they also led to the abandonment of the second leg of the 2005 Champions League quarter-final matchup between Milan and Inter on 12 April after a flare thrown from the crowd by an Inter supporter struck Milan keeper Dida on the shoulder.^[34]

The other most significant rivalry is with Juventus; the two participate in the Derby d'Italia. Up until the 2006 Serie A match-fixing scandal, which saw Juventus relegated, the two were the only Italian clubs to have never played below Serie A. In recent years, post-Calciopoli, Inter have developed a rivalry with Roma, having finished runners-up to Inter in all but one of Inter's five Scudetto winning seasons between 2005 and 2010. The two sides have also contested in 5 Coppa Italia finals and four Supercoppa Italiana finals since 2006. Other clubs, such as Atalanta and Napoli, are also considered to be amongst their rivals.^[35]

Current squad [link]

For further information, see 2011–12 F.C. Internazionale Milano season.

Players [link]

As of 31 January 2012^[36]

Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No.	Position	Player
1	GK	Júlio César
4	DF	Javier Zanetti (captain)
5	MF	Dejan Stanković
6	DF	Lúcio
7	FW	Giampaolo Pazzini
9	FW	Diego Forlán
10	MF	Wesley Sneijder
11	MF	Ricardo Álvarez
12	GK	Luca Castellazzi
13	DF	Maicon
14	MF	Fredy Guarín
17	MF	Angelo Palombo (on loan from Sampdoria)
18	MF	Andrea Poli (on loan from Sampdoria)
19	MF	Esteban Cambiasso
20	MF	Joel Obi
22	FW	Diego Milito

No.	Position	Player
23	DF	Andrea Ranocchia
25	DF	Walter Samuel
26	DF	Cristian Chivu
28	FW	Mauro Zárate (on loan from Lazio)
29	MF	Philippe Coutinho
30	FW	Luc Castaignos
34	DF	Cristiano Biraghi
37	DF	Marco Davide Faraoni
40	DF	Juan
42	DF	Jonathan
48	MF	Lorenzo Crisetig
53	MF	Luca Tremolada
55	DF	Yuto Nagatomo
81	FW	Samuele Longo
88	FW	Marko Livaja

Other under contract players [link]

Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No.		Position	Player
		DF	Dennis Esposito (returned from Lecco in January 2012)
		FW	Kerlon (contracted until 30 June 2012)

On loan [link]

Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No.		Position	Player
		GK	Enrico Alfonso (at Cremonese, co-owned with Chievo)
		FW	Denis Alibec (at Mechelen)
		GK	Francesco Bardi (Co-ownership with Livorno)
		GK	Vid Belec (at Crotone)
		DF	Simone Benedetti (at Gubbio, co-owned with Torino)
		FW	Samuele Beretta (at Cuneo)
		FW	Riccardo Bocalon (at Cremonese)
		DF	Luca Caldirola (at Brescia)
		MF	Sebastian Carlsén (at Trelleborgs FF)
		DF	Giulio Donati (at Padova)

No.		Position	Player
		DF	Antonio Esposito (at Piacenza)
		MF	McDonald Mariga (at Parma)
		DF	Andrea Mei (at VVV)
		MF	Sulley Muntari (at Milan)
		FW	Aiman Napoli (at Prato)
		DF	Felice Natalino (at Crotone)
		FW	Goran Pandev (at Napoli)
		DF	Michele Rigione (at Cremonese)
		FW	Mame Baba Thiam (at Avellino)

Youth team squad [link]

Main article: F.C. Internazionale Milano Primavera

Non-playing staff [link]

Position	Staff
Coach	Andrea Stramaccioni
Vice coach	Giuseppe Baresi
Technical assistant	Massimiliano Catini
Goalkeeper coach	Alessandro Nista
Chief of fitness coaches	Stefano Rapetti
Fitness coach	Federico Pannoncini
Match analyst	Michele Salzarulo
Chief of medical staff	Franco Combi
Doctor	Giorgio Panico
Rehabilitation coach	Andrea Scannavino
Rehabilitation coach	Maurizio Fanchini
Masseur Physiotherapist	Marco Dellacasa
Masseur Physiotherapist	Massimo Dellacasa
Masseur Physiotherapist	Luigi Sessolo
Rehabilitation staff	Andrea Galli
Rehabilitation staff	Alberto Galbiati
Technical Director	Marco Branca
Sporting Director	Piero Ausilio

Last updated: 27 March 2012
Source: F.C. Internazionale Milano

Retired numbers [link]

Main article: Retired numbers in football

3 – Giacinto Facchetti, left back, 1960–1978 (posthumous honour). The number was retired on 8 September 2006. The last player to wear the shirt was Argentinian center back Nicolás Burdisso, who took on the number 16 shirt for the rest of the season.^[37]

Notable players [link]

For a list of every Inter player with 100 or more appearances, see List of F.C. Internazionale Milano players.

For a list of every Inter player who has been called-up by Italy, see F.C. Internazionale Milano and the Italian national football team.

One-club men [link]

Main article: One-club men in football

No.	Player	Nationality	Position	Inter debut	Last match
1	Piero Campelli	Italy	goalkeeper	01910-01-3030 January 1910	01924-11-099 November 1924
2	Ermanno Aebi	Italy	forward	01910-04-1010 April 1910	01922-11-1212 November 1922
3	Armando Castellazzi	Italy	midfielder	01924-02-2424 February 1924	01936-03-088 March 1936
4	Giacinto Facchetti	Italy	left back	01961-05-033 May 1961	01978-05-077 May 1978
5	Sandro Mazzola	Italy	attacking midfielder, inside forward	01961-06-1010 June 1961	01977-11-088 November 1977
6	Giuseppe Bergomi	Italy	right back, central back	01980-01-3030 January 1980	01999-05-2323 May 1999

Presidential history [link]

Inter have had numerous presidents over the course of their history, some of which have been the owners of the club, others have been honorary presidents. Here is a complete list of them.^[38]

Name	Years
Giovanni Paramithiotti	1908–1909
Ettore Strauss	1909–1910
Carlo de Medici	1910–1912
Emilio Hirzel	1912–1914
Luigi Ansbacher	1914
Giuseppe Visconti di Modrone	1914–1919
Giorgio Hulss	1919–1920

Name	Years
Francesco Mauro	1920–1923
Enrico Olivetti	1923–1926
Senatore Borletti	1926–1929
Ernesto Torrusio	1929–1930
Oreste Simonotti	1930–1932
Ferdinando Pozzani	1932–1942
Carlo Masseroni	1942–1955

Name	Years
Angelo Moratti	1955–1968
Ivanoe Fraizzoli	1968–1984
Ernesto Pellegrini	1984–1995
Massimo Moratti	1995–2004
Giacinto Facchetti	2004–2006
Massimo Moratti	2006–present

Managerial history [link]

Main article: List of F.C. Internazionale Milano managers

In Internazionale's history, 55 coaches have coached the club. The first manager was Virgilio Fossati. Helenio Herrera had the longest reign as Internazionale coach, with nine years (eight consecutive) in charge, and is the most successful coach in Inter history with three Scudetti, two European Cups, and two Intercontinental Cup wins. José Mourinho, who was appointed on 2 June 2008, and completed his first season in Italy by winning the Serie A league title and the Supercoppa Italiana, in the second season he won the first "treble" in Italian history, the Serie A league title, Coppa Italia and the UEFA Champions League in the season 2009–2010, becoming the second most successful coach in Inter history.

Trophies winners

Name	Period	Trophies						Total
		Domestic			International
		Se	Cp	Sc	EC/CL	UC	ICp/CWC
Virgilio Fossati	1909–1915	1						1
Nino Resegotti	1919–1922	1	0					1
Árpád Weisz	1929–1931	1						1
Armando Castellazzi	1936–1938	1	0					1
Tony Cargnelli	1938–1940	1	1					2
Alfredo Foni	1952–1955	2						2
Helenio Herrera	1960–1968, 1973	3	0		2	0	2	7
Giovanni Invernizzi	1970–1973	1	0		0	0	0	1
Eugenio Bersellini	1977–1982	1	2		0	0	0	3
Giovanni Trapattoni	1986–1991	1	0	1	0	1	0	3
Giampiero Marini	1994	0	0	0	0	1	0	1
Luigi Simoni	1997–1998	0	0	0	0	1	0	1
Roberto Mancini	2004–2008	3	2	2	0	0	0	7
José Mourinho	2008–2010	2	1	1	1	0	0	5
Rafael Benítez	2010	0	0	1	0	0	1	2
Leonardo	2010–2011	0	1	0	0	0	0	1
Total	1909–	18	7	5	3	3	3	39

Honours [link]

Internazionale have won 30 domestic trophies, including the league eighteen times, the Coppa Italia seven and the Supercoppa Italiana five. From 2006 to 2010 the club won five successive league titles, equalling the all-time record.^[39] They have won the Champions League three times; two back-to-back in 1964 and 1965 and then another in 2010. The last completed an unprecedented Italian treble with the Coppa Italia and the Scudetto. The club has also won three UEFA Cups, two Intercontinental Cups and one FIFA Club World Cup.

National titles [link]

Serie A:

Winners (18): 1909–10, 1919–20, 1929–30, 1937–38, 1939–40, 1952–53, 1953–54, 1962–63, 1964–65, 1965–66, 1970–71, 1979–80, 1988–89, 2005–06,^[40] 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10
Runners-up (13): 1932–33, 1933–34, 1934–35, 1940–41, 1948–49, 1950–51, 1961–62, 1963–64, 1966–67, 1969–70, 1992–93, 2002–03, 2010–11

Coppa Italia:

Winners (7): 1938–39, 1977–78, 1981–82, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2009–10, 2010–11
Runners-up (6): 1958–59, 1964–65, 1976–77, 1999–00, 2006–07, 2007–08

Supercoppa Italiana:

Winners (5): 1989, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010
Runners-up (4): 2000, 2007, 2009, 2011

International titles [link]

The following titles include only those which are recognised by UEFA and FIFA.

World-wide titles [link]

Intercontinental Cup: ^[41]

Winners (2): 1964, 1965

Intercontinental Supercup:

Runners-up (1): 1968

FIFA Club World Cup:

Winners (1): 2010

European titles [link]

European Cup/Champions League:

Winners (3): 1963–64, 1964–65, 2009–10
Runners-up (2): 1966–67, 1971–72

UEFA Cup:

Winners (3): 1990–91, 1993–94, 1997–98
Runners-up (1): 1996–97

UEFA Super Cup:

Runners-up (1): 2010

Club statistics and records [link]

Main article: F.C. Internazionale Milano records and statistics

Javier Zanetti holds Internazionale' official appearance record (795 as of 22 April 2012). He took over from Giuseppe Bergomi on 20 September 2011 against Novara. He also holds the record for Italian Serie A appearances with 568 (as of 22 April 2012).

Including all official competitions, Giuseppe Meazza is the all-time leading goalscorer for Internazionale, with 284 goal. Meazza still holds the record for the most goals scored in a debut season in Serie A, with 31 goals in his first season (1929–30). The year before, when Serie A did not exist, and the Italian Championship was composed of 2 leagues (North and Central-South) with playoffs, Meazza played 29 matches, scoring 38 goals at the age of 18 years.

During the 2006–07 season, Inter went on a record-breaking run of 17 consecutive victories in Serie A, starting on September 25, 2006 with a 4-1 home victory over Livorno, and ending on February 28, 2007, after a 1-1 draw at home to Udinese. The 5-2 away win at Catania on February 25, 2007 broke the original record of 15 matches held by both Bayern Munich & Real Madrid from the "Big 5" (the top flight leagues in England, Italy, Spain, France & Germany). The run lasted for almost 5 months and holds among the best in European league football, with just Benfica (29 wins), Celtic (25 wins) and PSV Eindhoven (22 wins) bettering the run. Inter's form dipped a little as they scored 0-0 and 2-2 draws against relegation-battlers Reggina and slumping Palermo (respectively), the latter game featuring a second-half comeback after Palermo went up 2-0 at halftime. They could not keep their invincible form near the end of the season as well, as they lost their first game of the domestic season to Roma in the San Siro 3-1 thanks to two late Roma goals. Inter had enjoyed an unbeaten Serie A run for just under a year.

FC Internazionale Milano as a company [link]

FC Internazionale Milano S.p.A.
Revenue	€268,827,275 (2010–11)
Operating income	(€85,712,530) (2010–11)
Net income	(€86,813,786) (2010–11)
Total assets	€455,690,888 (2010–11)
Total equity	(€24,179,237) (2010–11)
Owner(s)	Massimo Moratti (96.44%) C.M.C. SpA (1.83%) Pirelli
Parent	Internazionale Holding (98.2%)
Subsidiaries	Inter Brand (100%) Inter Futura (100%) Consorzio San Siro 2000 (joint venture)

According to the Deloitte Football Money League, Inter recorded revenues of €196.5 million (₤167.4 million) in the 2008–09 season to rank in 9th place, one behind Juventus in 8th place, and ahead of city rivals AC Milan in 10th place.^[42] The club beat their previous season earnings of €172.9 million (₤136.9 million),^[42] and for the first time since The Football Money League's inception, Inter overtook AC Milan in the rankings.

Revenue percentages were divided up between matchday (14%, €28.2m), broadcasting (59%, €115.7m, +7%, +€8m) and commercial (27%, €52.6m, +43%, €15.8m). Kit sponsors Nike and Pirelli contributed €18.1m and €9.3m respectively to commercial revenues, while broadcasting revenues were boosted €1.6m (6%) by Champions League distribution.

For the 2010/2011 season, Serie A clubs will start negotiating club TV rights collectively rather than individually. This is predicted to result in lower broadcasting revenues for Inter, with smaller clubs gaining from the loss.

Inter's matchday revenues amounted to only €1.1m per home game, compared to €2.6m among the top six earners.

Deloitte expressed the idea that issues in Italian football, particularly matchday revenue issues were holding Inter back compared to other European giants, and developing their own stadia would result in Serie A clubs being more competitive on the world stage.^[43]

Inter also has one of the biggest financial "black-holes" among the Italian clubs, which in 2006–07 had a net loss of €206 million^[44] (€112 million extraordinary basis, due to the change in accounting standard for amortization of transfer fee, covered by proposed capital increases of €99 million), 2007–08 a net loss of €148,271,266,^[45] 2008–09 a net loss of €154,423,469^[46] (covered by a proposed capital increase of 70 million,^[47] later increased to €90 million^[46]), 2009–10 €69,045,804^[46] (covered by a proposed capital increase of €40 million and €30 million during the 2011–12 season)^[48] It was contributed by the sales of Ibrahimović, the treble and the release clause of coach José Mourinho. The most recent result was a net loss of €86,813,786,^[49] which already included a extraordinary income of €13 million from RAI. Another re-capitalization of €40M^[49] was proposed in order to cover the negative equity of €24,179,237 on 30 June 2011.

Kit manufacturers & Shirt sponsors [link]

Period	Kit manufacturer	Shirt sponsor
1979–1981	Puma
1981/1982	Puma	Inno-Hit
1982–1986	Mecsport	Misura
1986–1988	Le Coq Sportif
1988–1991	Uhlsport
1991/1992	Umbro	FitGar
1992–1995		Fiorucci
1995–1998		Pirelli
1998–2018	Nike	Pirelli

References [link]

^ http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/StatDoc/competitions/UCL/01/67/63/78/1676378_DOWNLOAD.pdf
^ "Chelsea 0–1 Inter Milan (agg 1–3)". BBC Sport. 16 March 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/8568613.stm. Retrieved 16 March 2010.
^ http://www.lequipe.fr/Football/FootballFicheClub120.html
^ "Italy – List of Champions". RSSSF. http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/italchamp.html%7Cpublisher=RSSSF.
^ "Struttura" (in Italian). sansiro.net. San Siro. http://www.sansiro.net/struttura.asp. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
^ "Is this the greatest derby in world sports?". Theroar.com.au. 2010-01-26. http://www.theroar.com.au/2010/01/26/is-this-the-greatest-derby-in-the-world/. Retrieved 2011-09-28.
^ "Italia, il paese nel pallone" (in Italian) (PDF). demos.it. 24 September 2010. pp. 3, 9–10. http://www.demos.it/2010/pdf/143320100924calcio.pdf. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
^ Ranking of European teams supporters: Barcelona first with 57.8 million, followed by Real Madrid (31.3 million), Manchester United (30.6 million), Chelsea (21.4 million), Bayern Munich (20.7 million) and Milan (18.4 million). "Tifo: Barcellona la regina d'Europa" (in Italian). Sport Mediaset. 9 September 2010. http://www.sportmediaset.mediaset.it/calcio/articoli/articolo41645.shtml. Retrieved 10 September 2010. "Calcio, Barcellona club con più tifosi in Europa, Inter 8/a" (in Italian). la Repubblica. 9 September 2010. http://sport.repubblica.it/news/sport/calcio-barcellona-club-con-piu-tifosi-in-europa-inter-8a/3835303.html?refresh_ce. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
^ "Soccer Team Valuations". forbes.com (Forbes). 30 April 2008. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/34/biz_soccer08_Soccer-Team-Valuations_Rank.html. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
^ "ECA Members". ecaeurope.com. European Club Association. http://www.ecaeurope.com/Default.aspx?id=1082680. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
^ "Storia". FC Internazionale Milano. http://www.inter.it/en/societa/storia.html. Retrieved 2007-09-06.
^ "F.C. Internazionale statement". FC Internazionale Milano. 29 May 2008. http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=29393&L=en. Retrieved 29 May 2008.
^ "Nuovo allenatore: Josè Mourinho all'Inter" (in Italian). FC Internazionale Milano. 2 June 2008. http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=41433&L=it. Retrieved 2 June 2008.
^ "Official: Inter sign Mancini". Goal.com. 20 July 2008. http://www.goal.com/en/Articolo.aspx?ContenutoId=777599. Retrieved 20 July 2008.
^ "Official: Inter sign Muntari". Goal.com. 28 July 2008. http://www.goal.com/en-us/Articolo.aspx?ContenutoId=794438. Retrieved 15 August 2008.
^ Adam, Scime (1 September 2008). "Official: Quaresma Joins Inter". Goal.com. http://www.goal.com/en/Articolo.aspx?ContenutoId=843526. Retrieved 1 September 2008.
^ . http://www.tsn.ca/soccer/story/?id=316882.
^ "Bayern Munich 0–2 Inter Milan". BBC Sport. 22 May 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/8697017.stm. Retrieved 24 May 2010.
^ "Jose Mourinho's Treble-chasing Inter Milan win Serie A". BBC Sport. 16 May 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/8685518.stm. Retrieved 24 May 2010.
^ "Mourinho unveiled as boss of Real". BBC News. 31 May 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/8708315.stm.
^ "TP Mazembe 0–3 Internazionale". ESPN Soccernet. 18 December 2010. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=309865&cc=5739. Retrieved 18 December 2010.
^ "Inter and Benitez separate by mutual agreement". inter.it. 23 December 2010. http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=35392&L=en.
^ "Welcome Leonardo! Inter's new coach". inter.it. 24 December 2010. http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=35398&L=en.
^ "Transfer news: Ranocchia signs until 2015". inter.it. 3 January 2011. http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=35441&L=en.
^ "Welcome to Inter, Giampaolo Pazzini!". inter.it. 28 January 2011. http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=35679&L=en.
^ "Transfers: Kharja joins Inter". inter.it. 29 January 2011. http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=35683&L=en.
^ "Yuto Nagatomo joins Inter". inter.it. 31 January 2011. http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=35718&L=en.
^ "9 marzo 1908, 43 milanisti fondano l'Inter". ViviMilano.it. 24 June 2007. http://www.corriere.it/vivimilano/speciali/inter/index.shtml.
^ ^a ^b ^c "AC Milan vs. Inter Milan". FootballDerbies.com. 25 July 2007. http://www.footballderbies.com/honours/index.php?id=30.
^ http://emeroteca.coni.it/?q=node/6&f=822&p=1
^ "Ambrosiana S.S 1928". Toffs.com. 24 June 2007. http://www.toffs.com/icat/ambrosiana.
^ "AC Milan considering move to new stadium". People's Daily Online. 25 July 2007. http://english.people.com.cn/200510/07/eng20051007_212984.html.
^ "Research: Supporters of football clubs in Italy" (in Italian). La Repubblica official website. August 2007. http://www.repubblica.it/2007/08/sezioni/sport/calcio/tifo-contro/tifo-contro/tifo-contro.html.
^ "Milan game ended by crowd trouble". BBC.co.uk. 25 July 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/4432047.stm.
^ http://www.rangers.it/avversari/inter.html
^ "team". FC Internazionale Milano. http://www.inter.it/aas/squadra/index?L=en. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
^ http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?L=en&N=23876&stringa=facchetti%203
^ "Tutti I Presidenti". InterFC.it. 8 June 2007. http://www.interfc.it/Presidenti.asp.
^ "Italy – List of Champions". RSSSF. http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/italchamp.html%7Cpublisher=RSSSF.
^ This title awarded through the courts following the Calciopoli scandal.
^ Up until 2004, the main tournament to determine football's World Champions was the Intercontinental Champions Club' Cup (so called European / South American Cup); since then, it has been the FIFA Club World Cup.
^ ^a ^b http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_GB/uk/industries/sportsbusinessgroup/d039400401a17210VgnVCM100000ba42f00aRCRD.htm
^ https://www.deloitte.co.uk/registrationforms/pdf/DeloitteFML2010.pdf
^ "Assemblea dei Soci: approvato il bilancio" (in Italian). FC Internazionale Milano (www.inter.it). 27 December 2007. http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=39878&L=it. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
^ FC Internazionale Milano SpA Report and Accounts on 30 June 2008 (Italian)
^ ^a ^b ^c (in Italian) FC Internazionale Milano Spa 2009–10 Bilancio. Registro Imprese & C.C.I.A.A.. ca. January 2011.
^ "Assemblea Soci Inter: approvato il bilancio" (in Italian). FC Internazionale Milano (www.inter.it). 26 October 2009. http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=46182&L=it. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
^ "Assemblea Soci Inter: ricavi, oltre 300 milioni" (in Italian). FC Internazionale Milano (www.inter.it). 28 October 2010. http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=50038&L=it. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
^ ^a ^b "Assemblea Soci Inter: approvato il bilancio" (in Italian). FC Internazionale Milano (www.inter.it). 28 October 2011. http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=54903&L=it. Retrieved 22 February 2012.

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Inter Milan

Official websites

Official Website (Italian) (English) (Spanish) (Chinese) (Arabic) (Japanese) (Indonesian)
UEFA Club Website
Lega Calcio Club Website

v t e Football Club Internazionale Milano

Players Managers Presidents Seasons Honours Records and Statistics Reserves and Academy

History	History of F.C. Internazionale Milano Grande Inter

Seasons	2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2010–11 2011–12

Home stadium	Stadio Giuseppe Meazza Arena Civica

Training ground	Appiano Gentile

Media	Inter Channel Fenomeno Inter

Rivalries	Milan Derby Derby d'Italia League record by opponent In European football In international football

Contribution to Italian national team	Internazionale and the Italian national football team

Related articles	G-14 European Club Association Inter Campus Pirelli Cup TIM Trophy

v t e Serie A

2011–12 clubs	Atalanta Bologna Cagliari Catania Cesena Chievo Fiorentina Genoa Inter Juventus Lazio Lecce Milan Napoli Novara Palermo Parma Roma Siena Udinese

Former clubs	Alessandria Ancona Ascoli Avellino Bari Brescia Casale Catanzaro Como Cremonese Empoli Foggia Lecco Legnano Livorno Lucchese Mantova Messina Modena Padova Perugia Pescara Piacenza Pisa Pistoiese Pro Patria Pro Vercelli Reggiana Reggina Salernitana Sampdoria SPAL Ternana Torino Treviso Triestina Varese Venezia Verona Vicenza

Competition	Champions Foreign players

Statistics	Records

Finances	Richest clubs: (Deloitte list) (Forbes' list) Average attendances

Associated competitions	Supercoppa Italiana UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League

v t e Football in Italy

Overview	National association League system List of clubs List of venues Records Scudetto Capocannoniere

International	Italy Under-21 Under-20 Under-19 Under-18 Under-17 Under-16 Italy women

Leagues	Lega Serie A Lega Serie B Lega Pro Lega Nazionale Dilettanti Lega Calcio (folded)

League competitions	Serie A Serie B Lega Pro Prima Divisione Lega Pro Seconda Divisione Serie D Eccellenza Promozione Prima Categoria Seconda Categoria Terza Categoria

Cup competitions	Coppa Italia Supercoppa Italiana Coppa Italia Lega Pro Supercoppa di Lega di Prima Divisione Supercoppa di Lega di Seconda Divisione Coppa Italia Serie D Coppa Italia Dilettanti

Youth competitions	Campionato Nazionale Primavera Coppa Italia Primavera Supercoppa Primavera Torneo di Viareggio Campionato Nazionale Dante Berretti

Women's competitions	Serie A Coppa Italia

Awards	Oscar del Calcio AIC

Miscellaneous	Totonero 1980 Totonero 1986 2006 Italian football scandal 2011–2012 Italian football scandal Foreign Serie A players Foreign Serie B players France–Italy football rivalry

v t e 2012–13 UEFA Europa League

Waiting in the group stage	Académica Atlético Madrid Bayer Leverkusen Lyon Napoli Rubin Kazan Tottenham Hotspur

Waiting in the play-off round	AEK Athens AZ Dinamo București Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk Bordeaux Luzern Metalist Kharkiv Midtjylland Hapoel Tel Aviv Heart of Midlothian Lokeren Levante Newcastle United CSKA Moscow PSV Eindhoven Lazio Sporting CP Trabzonspor Stuttgart

Waiting in the third qualifying round	Athletic Bilbao Atromitos Eskişehirspor Marítimo Dundee United Internazionale Arsenal Kyiv Dynamo Moscow Steaua București Hannover 96 Genk Horsens Omonia Liverpool Marseille Heerenveen Rapid Wien Sigma Olomouc

Waiting in the second qualifying round	Aalesund AGF Sparta Prague AIK Anorthosis APOEL Bnei Yehuda Young Boys İstanbul B.B. Admira Wacker Mödling Anzhi Makhachkala Dila Gori Inter Turku Metallurh Donetsk Milsami Orhei Naftan Novopolotsk Rapid București Shakhtyor Salihorsk Spartak Trnava Viktoria Plzeň Vojvodina Hajduk Split Gent Legia Warsaw Maccabi Netanya Široki Brijeg Slaven Belupo PAOK CSKA Sofia Levski Sofia Lokomotiv Plovdiv Red Star Belgrade Ruch Chorzów Servette Slovan Bratislava Skonto Sligo Rovers St. Johnstone Ried Tromsø Videoton Vitesse Žalgiris Vilnius

Waiting in the first qualifying round	Bangor City Birkirkara Bohemians Honvéd Cefn Druids Cliftonville Crusaders Grevenmacher EB/Streymur Aktobe Baku Dacia Chişinău Daugava Differdange 03 Gomel Levadia Tallinn Lech Poznań Libertas Metalurgi Rustavi Ordabasy Pyunik FC Santa Coloma Torpedo Kutaisi Twente Zhetysu Zimbru Chişinău FH Borac Banja Luka Čelik Nikšić Jagodina Khazar Lankaran Metalurgs Metalurg Skopje Renova Rudar Pljevlja Sarajevo Senica Shkëndija Šiauliai Sūduva Marijampolė Zeta Flamurtari Vlorë Floriana Gandzasar Hibernians Elfsborg Inter Baku ÍBV Jeunesse Esch Narva Trans Nõmme Kalju JJK Kalmar FF Tirana Teuta Durrës KuPS Llanelli MTK Budapest MYPA Mura 05 Celje Olimpija Ljubljana Osijek NSÍ Runavík Portadown Rosenborg La Fiorita Shirak St. Patrick's Athletic Stabæk Þór Akureyri UE Santa Coloma Eschen/Mauren Víkingur

Round and draw dates Qualifying phase and play-off round Group stage Knockout phase Final

v t e Original Italian Serie A clubs, 1929–30

Alessandria Bologna Brescia Cremonese Genoa (as Genova 1893) Internazionale (as Ambrosiana) Juventus Lazio Livorno Milan Modena Napoli Padova Pro Patria Pro Vercelli Roma Torino Triestina

v t e Italian Football Championship and Serie A winners

Federal Championship	Genoa (1898; 1899; 1900) • Milan (1901) • Genoa (1902; 1903; 1904) • Juventus (1905) • Milan (1906; 1907) • Pro Vercelli (1908; 1909) • Internazionale (1909–10) • Pro Vercelli (1910–11; 1911–12; 1912–13) • Casale (1913–14) • Genoa (1914–15) • Internazionale (1919–20) • Pro Vercelli (1920–21; 1921–22 (CCI)) • Novese (1921–22 (FIGC)) • Genoa (1922–23; 1923–24) • Bologna (1924–25) • Juventus (1925–26) • no winner (1926–27); Torino (1927–28) • Bologna (1928–29)

Serie A	Ambrosiana (1929–30) • Juventus (1930–31; 1931–32; 1932–33; 1933–34; 1934–35) • Bologna (1935–36; 1936–37) • Ambrosiana-Inter (1937–38) • Bologna (1938–39) • Ambrosiana-Inter (1939–40) • Bologna (1940–41) • Roma (1941–42) • Torino (1942–43; 1945–46; 1946–47; 1947–48; 1948–49) • Juventus (1949–50) • Milan (1950–51) • Juventus (1951–52) • Internazionale (1952–53; 1953–54) • Milan (1954–55) • Fiorentina (1955–56) • Milan (1956–57) • Juventus (1957–58) • Milan (1958–59) • Juventus (1959–60; 1960–61) • Milan (1961–62) • Internazionale (1962–63) • Bologna (1963–64) • Internazionale (1964–65; 1965–66) • Juventus (1966–67) • Milan (1967–68) • Fiorentina (1968–69) • Cagliari (1969–70) • Internazionale (1970–71) • Juventus (1971–72; 1972–73) • Lazio (1973–74) • Juventus (1974–75) • Torino (1975–76) • Juventus (1976–77; 1977–78) • Milan (1978–79) • Internazionale (1979–80) • Juventus (1980–81; 1981–82) • Roma (1982–83) • Juventus (1983–84) • Hellas Verona (1984–85) • Juventus (1985–86) • Napoli (1986–87) • Milan (1987–88) • Internazionale (1988–89) • Napoli (1989–90) • Sampdoria (1990–91) • Milan (1991–92; 1992–93; 1993–94) • Juventus (1994–95) • Milan (1995–96) • Juventus (1996–97; 1997–98) • Milan (1998–99) • Lazio (1999–2000) • Roma (2000–01) • Juventus (2001–02; 2002–03) • Milan (2003–04) • Internazionale ((2004–05 unofficial); 2005–06; 2006–07; 2007–08; 2008–09; 2009–10) • Milan (2010–11) • Juventus (2011–12)

Italian Cup winners

Vado (1922)
Torino (1935–36)
Genoa (1936–37)
Juventus (1937–38)
Ambrosiana-Inter (1938–39)
Fiorentina (1939–40)
Venezia (1940–41)
Juventus (1941–42)
Torino (1942–43)
Lazio (1958)
Juventus (1958–59; 1959–60)
Fiorentina (1960–61)
Napoli (1961–62)
Atalanta (1962–63)
Roma (1963–64)
Juventus (1964–65)
Fiorentina (1965–66)
Milan (1966–67)
Torino (1967–68)
Roma (1968–69)
Bologna (1969–70)
Torino (1970–71)
Milan (1971–72; 1972–73)
Bologna (1973–74)
Fiorentina (1974–75)
Napoli (1975–76)
Milan (1976–77)
Internazionale (1977–78)
Juventus (1978–79)
Roma (1979–80; 1980–81)
Internazionale (1981–82)
Juventus (1982–83)
Roma (1983–84)
Sampdoria (1984–85)
Roma (1985–86)
Napoli (1986–87)
Sampdoria (1987–88; 1988–89)
Juventus (1989–90)
Roma (1990–91)
Parma (1991–92)
Torino (1992–93)
Sampdoria (1993–94)
Juventus (1994–95)
Fiorentina (1995–96)
Vicenza (1996–97)
Lazio (1997–98)
Parma (1998–99)
Lazio (1999–2000)
Fiorentina (2000–01)
Parma (2001–02)
Milan (2002–03)
Lazio (2003–04)
Internazionale (2004–05; 2005–06)
Roma (2006–07, 2007–08)
Lazio (2008–09)
Internazionale (2009–10; 2010–11)

v t e Italian Super Cup winners

Milan (1988) Internazionale (1989) Napoli (1990) Sampdoria (1991) Milan (1992; 1993; 1994) Juventus (1995) Fiorentina (1996) Juventus (1997) Lazio (1998) Parma (1999) Lazio (2000) Roma (2001) Juventus (2002; 2003) Milan (2004) Internazionale (2005; 2006) Roma (2007) Internazionale (2008) Lazio (2009) Internazionale (2010) Milan (2011)

v t e FIFA Club World Cup winners

2000: Corinthians 2005: São Paulo 2006: Internacional 2007: Milan 2008: Manchester United 2009: Barcelona 2010: Internazionale 2011: Barcelona

v t e Intercontinental Cup winners

1960s	1960: Real Madrid 1961: Peñarol 1962: Santos 1963: Santos 1964: Internazionale 1965: Internazionale 1966: Peñarol 1967: Racing 1968: Estudiantes de La Plata 1969: Milan

1970s	1970: Feyenoord 1971: Nacional 1972: Ajax 1973: Independiente 1974: Atlético Madrid 1976: Bayern Munich 1977: Boca Juniors 1979: Olimpia

1980s	1980: Nacional 1981: Flamengo 1982: Peñarol 1983: Grêmio 1984: Independiente 1985: Juventus 1986: River Plate 1987: Porto 1988: Nacional 1989: Milan

1990s	1990: Milan 1991: Red Star Belgrade 1992: São Paulo 1993: São Paulo 1994: Vélez 1995: Ajax 1996: Juventus 1997: Borussia Dortmund 1998: Real Madrid 1999: Manchester United

2000s	2000: Boca Juniors 2001: Bayern Munich 2002: Real Madrid 2003: Boca Juniors 2004: Porto

v t e European Cup and UEFA Champions League winners

European Cup	1955–56: Real Madrid 1956–57: Real Madrid 1957–58: Real Madrid 1958–59: Real Madrid 1959–60: Real Madrid 1960–61: Benfica 1961–62: Benfica 1962–63: Milan 1963–64: Internazionale 1964–65: Internazionale 1965–66: Real Madrid 1966–67: Celtic 1967–68: Manchester United 1968–69: Milan 1969–70: Feyenoord 1970–71: Ajax 1971–72: Ajax 1972–73: Ajax 1973–74: Bayern Munich 1974–75: Bayern Munich 1975–76: Bayern Munich 1976–77: Liverpool 1977–78: Liverpool 1978–79: Nottingham Forest 1979–80: Nottingham Forest 1980–81: Liverpool 1981–82: Aston Villa 1982–83: Hamburg 1983–84: Liverpool 1984–85: Juventus 1985–86: Steaua București 1986–87: Porto 1987–88: PSV Eindhoven 1988–89: Milan 1989–90: Milan 1990–91: Red Star Belgrade 1991–92: Barcelona

UEFA Champions League	1992–93: Marseille 1993–94: Milan 1994–95: Ajax 1995–96: Juventus 1996–97: Borussia Dortmund 1997–98: Real Madrid 1998–99: Manchester United 1999–2000: Real Madrid 2000–01: Bayern Munich 2001–02: Real Madrid 2002–03: Milan 2003–04: Porto 2004–05: Liverpool 2005–06: Barcelona 2006–07: Milan 2007–08: Manchester United 2008–09: Barcelona 2009–10: Internazionale 2010–11: Barcelona 2011–12: Chelsea

v t e UEFA Cup and UEFA Europa League winners

UEFA Cup	1971–72: Tottenham Hotspur 1972–73: Liverpool 1973–74: Feyenoord 1974–75: Borussia Mönchengladbach 1975–76: Liverpool 1976–77: Juventus 1977–78: PSV Eindhoven 1978–79: Borussia Mönchengladbach 1979–80: Eintracht Frankfurt 1980–81: Ipswich Town 1981–82: IFK Göteborg 1982–83: Anderlecht 1983–84: Tottenham Hotspur 1984–85: Real Madrid 1985–86: Real Madrid 1986–87: IFK Göteborg 1987–88: Bayer Leverkusen 1988–89: Napoli 1989–90: Juventus 1990–91: Internazionale 1991–92: Ajax 1992–93: Juventus 1993–94: Internazionale 1994–95: Parma 1995–96: Bayern Munich 1996–97: Schalke 04 1997–98: Internazionale 1998–99: Parma 1999–2000: Galatasaray 2000–01: Liverpool 2001–02: Feyenoord 2002–03: Porto 2003–04: Valencia 2004–05: CSKA Moscow 2005–06: Sevilla 2006–07: Sevilla 2007–08: Zenit St. Petersburg 2008–09: Shakhtar Donetsk

UEFA Europa League	2009–10: Atlético Madrid 2010–11: Porto 2011–12: Atlético Madrid

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This article is about the footballer. For the fencer, see Antonio Conte (fencer).

Antonio Conte
Personal information

Date of birth	(1969-07-31) July 31, 1969 (age 42)
Place of birth	Lecce, Italy
Height	1.78 m (5 ft 10 in)
Playing position	Attacking midfielder
Club information
Current club	Juventus (head coach)
Youth career
	Lecce
Senior career*
Years	Team	Apps^†	(Gls)^†
1985–1991	Lecce	89	(1)
1991–2004	Juventus	419	(44)
Total		508	(45)
National team
1993–2001	Italy	35	(3)
Teams managed
2006–2007	Arezzo
2007–2009	Bari
2009–2010	Atalanta
2010–2011	Siena
2011–	Juventus
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only. † Appearances (Goals).

Antonio Conte (born July 31, 1969 in Lecce) is an Italian former footballer and manager. He is the current manager of Juventus.

1 Playing career
2 Coaching career
3 Career statistics
- 3.1 International goals
- 3.2 Managerial statistics
4 Honours
- 4.1 Player
- 4.2 Managerial
5 References
6 External links

Playing career [link]

Conte began to play football in his city, within the U.S. Lecce youth team, before making his Serie A debut with the first squad in 1985. He was signed by Juventus in 1991 (debuting November 17, 1991 vs. Torino^[1]), being later made captain before the promotion of Alessandro Del Piero to this role. During the 1998–1999 season when Del Piero suffered a horrendous leg injury, Conte returned to the captaincy and led Juventus to the UEFA Champions League semifinals. He maintained the captaincy till the 2001/02 season. In 2002–2003, Conte was part of the Juventus team that reached the UEFA Champions League final only to lose on penalties to AC Milan, with Conte himself coming closest to winning the game for Juventus in normal time when he crashed a header off the crossbar early in the second half. Conte became one of the most decorated and influential players of Juventus history. He played for the Italian national team and was a participant at the 1994 FIFA World Cup and the 2000 UEFA European Championship.^[2]

Coaching career [link]

Arezzo [link]

After having retired as a footballer, Conte worked as an assistant manager for Siena alongside Luigi De Canio in the 2005–06 season. In July 2006 he was appointed coach of Serie B side Arezzo; however, after a series of disappointing results, he was sacked on October 31, 2006.

On March 13, 2007 he was reinstated to the Arezzo head coaching position, as his predecessor failed to gain any significant improvement. In his second time at Arezzo he led the team to five consecutive wins in a row, and 19 points in 7 matches, which allowed the Tuscan side to fill the gap from the last safe spot; his team however did not manage to avoid relegation, and Arezzo dropped into Serie C1 on the final matchday, only one point behind Spezia.

Bari [link]

On December 27, 2007 he was appointed by Bari to replace Giuseppe Materazzi for the second half of their Serie B 2007–08 campaign.^[3] He did very well, turning Bari's 2007–08 season around from relegation-threatened to a comfortable midtable position. In the following season, 2008–09, Bari were crowned Serie B champions, being promoted to Serie A for the 2009–10 season.

On June 2009, after weeks of rumours linking Conte to the vacant managerial role at Juventus, he agreed in principle for a contract extension to keep him at Bari for the new season; however, on June 23 Bari announced to have rescinded the contract with Antonio Conte by mutual consent.^[4]

After Claudio Ranieri was sacked of Juventus, Conte was appointed by the club as one of the candidates to become the new coach.^[5] However, the "bianconeri" hired Ciro Ferrara as the first team manager, instead. Conte had stated shortly prior that he would like to be the Juventus coach in the future, because he thought he was ready to assume the work.^[6]

Atalanta [link]

On September 21, 2009 Atalanta appointed him to replace Angelo Gregucci.^[7] After a good start at the helm of the orobici, Atalanta under Conte's reign began struggling in result from November, leading to protest from local supporters and troubles between Conte himself and the organized ultras of the club.

On January 6, 2010, Conte was repeatedly contested by Atalanta fans during a home game against Napoli, ended in a 0–2 loss for the nerazzurri; the matchday ended with a police intervention to avoid confrontation between Conte and the Atalanta ultras.^[8] The next day, Conte tended his resignations to the club, leaving them in 19th place.^[9]

Siena [link]

On May 9, 2010 he was announced as new head coach of Siena, with the aim to bring the Tuscan side back to the top flight after relegation to the 2010–11 Serie B.^[10] Conte successfully led Siena to promotion for the 2011–12 Serie A season.

Juventus [link]

On May 22, 2011 Juventus sporting director, Giuseppe Marotta, announced that Juventus has appointed Conte as their new head coach replacing Luigi Delneri. It is expected that Conte will lead Juventus to their return on top of the Italian and European football scene.^[11]^[12]

On 6 May 2012, Conte led Juventus to its 28th official scudetto with one round to spare by beating Cagliari 2-0.^[13] After beating Atalanta 3-1, Juventus finished the league unbeaten, the first team to do so since Serie A expanded to 20 teams and 38 rounds. Juventus lost the Coppa Italia final to Napoli 2-0 therefore failing to finish an entire Italian season unbeaten.

In spite of the numerous draws conceded by the Bianconeri, Antonio Conte has already won critical acclaim as Juventus manager and earned comparisons with José Mourinho. Like the latter, Conte has developed a reputation because of his obsession with tactics and his ability to win and to bond together his players. However, unlike the cautious Portuguese, Conte favours an attacking brand of football with 4-3-3 and 3-5-2 being his most frequently used formations in Turin.

In his first 10 months on the Juventus bench, Conte, a former fan favourite as a midfielder in Turin, had already reached a number of landmarks. On 17 March 2012, following a 5-0 win over rivals Fiorentina, he equalled Fabio Capello's run of 28 unbeaten games between November 2005 and May 2006. On 20 March 2012, he became the first coach to lead Juventus to a Coppa Italia final since Marcello Lippi in the 2004 Coppa Italia Final. On 25 March, following a 2-0 success at the Juventus Stadium he became the first coach to win both legs of the Derby d'Italia against rivals Internazionale since Fabio Capello in 2005-06.

He is currently under police investigation for alleged match fixing during his time at Siena, in the latest Italian football scandal. ^[14]

Career statistics [link]

International goals [link]

#	Date	Venue	Opponent	Score	Result	Competition
1.	27 March 1999	Parken Stadium, Copenhagen, Denmark	Denmark	1–2	Win	UEFA EURO 2000 Qual.
2.	11 June 2000	GelreDome, Arnhem, Netherlands	Turkey	1–2	Win	UEFA Euro 2000

Managerial statistics [link]

As of 20 May 2012

Team	Nat	From	To	Record
Team	Nat	From	To	G	W	D	L	Win %
Arezzo		July 2006	31 October 2006	&1000000000000001200000012	&100000000000000030000003	&100000000000000050000005	&100000000000000040000004	&1000000000000002500000025.00
Arezzo		13 March 2007	June 2007	&1000000000000001500000015	&100000000000000080000008	&100000000000000030000003	&100000000000000040000004	&1000000000000005332999953.33
Bari		27 December 2007	23 June 2009	&1000000000000006700000067	&1000000000000003300000033	&1000000000000002200000022	&1000000000000001200000012	&1000000000000004925000049.25
Atalanta		21 September 2009	7 January 2010	&1000000000000001400000014	&100000000000000030000003	&100000000000000040000004	&100000000000000070000007	&1000000000000002142999921.43
Siena		1 July 2010	21 May 2011	&1000000000000004400000044	&1000000000000002200000022	&1000000000000001400000014	&100000000000000080000008	&1000000000000005000000050.00
Juventus		22 May 2011	Present	&1000000000000004300000043	&1000000000000002600000026	&1000000000000001600000016	&100000000000000010000001	&1000000000000006046999960.47
Total				&10000000000000195000000195	&1000000000000009500000095	&1000000000000006400000064	&1000000000000003600000036	&1000000000000004871999948.72

Honours [link]

Player [link]

Juventus

UEFA Cup: 1992–93
Serie A (5): 1994–95, 1996–97, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2002–03
Coppa Italia: 1994–95, 2001–02 (Runner-up), 2003–04 (Runner-up)
Supercoppa Italiana (4): 1995, 1997, 1998 (Runner-up), 2002, 2003
UEFA Champions League: 1995–96, 1996–97 (Runner-up), 1997–98 (Runner-up), 2002–03 (Runner-up)
UEFA Super Cup: 1996
Intercontinental Cup: 1996
UEFA Intertoto Cup: 1999

Italy

UEFA European Championship: Euro 2000 (Runner-up)

Managerial [link]

Bari

Serie B: 2008-09

Siena

Serie B: 2010–11 (Runner-up)

Juventus

Serie A: 2011–12

References [link]

^ "17-11-1991, l'esordio bianconero di Conte - Conte's Juventus debut". Juventus.com. 2011-11-17. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sg8hm702kwU. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
^ "Harsh penalty hands Italy victory". BBC Sport. 11 June 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/euro2000/teams/turkey/786458.stm. Retrieved 25 June 2011.
^ "Materazzi si dimette: Antonio Conte a Bari" (in Italian). Corriere dello Sport.it. 2007-12-28. http://www.corrieredellosport.it/Notizie/Calcio/12307/Materazzi+si+dimette:+Antonio+Conte+a+Bari. Retrieved 2007-12-28. ^{[dead link]}
^ "As Bari e Conte: sciolgono il rapporto" (in Italian). AS Bari. 2009-06-23. http://www.asbari.it/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2073&Itemid=68. Retrieved 2009-06-23.
^ . http://www.goal.com/it/news/7/calciomercato/2009/05/21/1277682/lallenatore-juve-la-certezza-decide-lippi..
^ http://www.goal.com/en/news/10/italy/2009/05/11/1259002/antonio-conte-i-am-ready-to-coach-juventus
^ "Comunicato Stampa" (in Italian). atalanta.it. 2009-09-21. http://www.atalanta.it/atalanta/news.do?dispatch=read&id=1371. Retrieved 2009-09-21.
^ "Il tecnico litiga con i tifosi E viene portato via a forza" (in Italian). Bergamo News. 2010-01-06. http://www.bergamonews.it/sport/articolo.php?id=20167. Retrieved 2010-01-07.
^ "Comunicato stampa" (in Italian). Atalanta BC. 2010-01-07. http://www.atalanta.it/atalanta/news.do?dispatch=read&id=1540. Retrieved 2010-01-07.
^ "Antonio Conte è il nuovo allenatore del Siena" (in Italian). AC Siena. 2010-05-23. http://www.acsiena.it/dettaglionews_2.php?id=8434. Retrieved 2010-05-23. ^{[dead link]}
^ "Giuseppe Marotta reveals Juventus will appoint Antonio Conte as new coach". Welsfussball. 2011-05-30. http://www.jwww.weltfussball.de/presseschau/2-international/_n8460888_giuseppe-marotta-reveals-juventus-will-appoint-antonio-conte-as-new-coach-next-w/. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
^ "Conte replaces Del Neri at Juventus". ESPN Soccernet. 31 May 2011. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/924796/antonio-conte-to-replace-lugi-del-neri-at-juventus?cc=5739. Retrieved 25 June 2011.
^ "Juventus wrap up Italian Serie A championship in style". BBC Sport. 6 May 2012. http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/17979048. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
^ "How Italy has reacted to the latest match-fixing arrests" (in English). BBC News. 2007-12-28. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18239792. Retrieved 2012-05-28.

External links [link]

Preceded by Gianluca Vialli	Juventus F.C. captains 1996–2001	Succeeded by Alessandro Del Piero

v t e Juventus F.C. – current squad

1 Buffon 2 Motta 3 Chiellini 4 Cáceres 6 Grosso 7 Pepe 8 Marchisio 10 Del Piero (c) 11 De Ceglie 13 Manninger 14 Vučinić 15 Barzagli 17 Elia 18 Quagliarella 19 Bonucci 20 Padoin 21 Pirlo 22 Vidal 23 Borriello 24 Giaccherini 26 Lichtsteiner 27 Krasić 28 Estigarribia 30 Storari 32 Matri 34 Marrone Manager: Conte

Antonio Conte - Navigation boxes

v t e Serie A managers

Allegri Beretta Colantuono Conte Cosmi De Canio Di Carlo Donadoni Ficcadenti Guerini Guidolin Luis Enrique Mazzarri Montella Mutti Pioli Sannino Stramaccioni Tesser

A.S. Bari – managers

Erbstein (1928–29)
Uridil (1929–30)
Hajdu (1930–31)
Weisz (1931–32)
Erbstein (1932–33)
Cargnelli (1933–34)
Koenig (1934–35)
Kuttik (1935–36)
Cargnelli (1936–38)
Ging (1938–39)
Kuttik (1939)
Costantino (1939–40)
Ferrero (1940–41)
Kuttik (1941)
Costantino (1941)
Klein (1941–42)
Costantino (1942–43)
Vanicsek (1943)
Costantino (1944–45)
Kuttik (1946)
Costantino (1946–47)
Nehadoma (1947)
Kuttik (1947–48)
Plemich (1948)
Kuttik (1948)
Costantino (1948–49)
Plemich (1949)
Sárosi (1949)
Capocasale (1949)
Sárosi (1949–50)
Costantino (1950)
Capocasale (1950)
Allasio (1950)
Alfonso (1950–51)
Sandron (1951)
Giammarco (1951)
Piselli (1951)
Costantino (1951)
Marsico (1952)
Sansone (1952–53)
Capocasale (1953–56)
Allasio (1956–58)
Tabanelli (1958–59)
Capocasale (1959–61)
Fusco (1961)
Carniglia (1961)
Allasio (1961–62)
Fusco (1962)
Magni (1962–63)
Maestrelli (1963–64)
Tabanelli (1964)
Capocasale (1964–65)
Fusco (1965)
Lamanna (1965–66)
Calabrese (1966)
Toneatto (1966–69)
Pugliese (1969–70)
Matteucci (1970)
Toneatto (1970–72)
Regalia (1972–74)
Pirazzini (1974–75)
Seghedoni (1975–76)
Pozzo (1976)
Losi (1976–78)
Santececca (1978–79)
Corsini (1979)
Catuzzi (1979)
Renna (1979–81)
Catuzzi (1981–83)
Radice (1983)
Bolchi (1983–86)
Catuzzi (1986–88)
Salvemini (1988–92)
Boniek (1992)
Lazaroni (1992–93)
Materazzi (1993–96)
Fascetti (1996–2001)
Sciannimanico (2001)
Perotti (2001–02)
Tardelli (2002–03)
Pillon (2003–04)
Carboni (2004–06)
Maran (2006)
Materazzi (2006–07)
Conte (2007–09)
Ventura (2009–11)
Mutti (2011)
Torrente (2011–)

Atalanta B.C. – managers

Cevenini (1929–30)
Viola (1930–33)
Payer (1933)
Mattea (1933–35)
Payer (1935–36)
Barbieri (1936–38)
Kertész (1938–39)
Fiorentini (1939–41)
Nehadoma (1941–46)
Meazza (1946)
Monti (1946)
Fiorentini (1946–49)
Carcano (1949)
Varglien (1949–51)
Neville (1951–52)
Ceresoli (1952)
Ferrero (1952–54)
Simonetti (1954)
Bonizzoni (1954–57)
Rigotti (1957–58)
Bonomi (1958)
Adamek (1958–59)
Valcareggi (1959–62)
Tabanelli (1962–63)
Quario (1963–64)
Ceresoli (1964)
Valcareggi (1964–65)
Puricelli (1965–66)
Angeleri (1966–67)
Tabanelli (1967–68)
Angeleri (1968–69)
Moro (1969)
Ceresoli (1969)
Viciani (1969–70)
Gei (1970)
Rota (1970)
Corsini (1970–74)
Herrera (1974–75)
Piccioli (1975)
Cadè (1975–76)
Leoncini (1976)
Rota (1976–80)
Bolchi (1980–81)
Corsini (1981)
Bianchi (1981–83)
Sonetti (1983–87)
Mondonico (1987–90)
Frosio (1990–91)
Giorgi (1991–92)
Lippi (1992–93)
Guidolin (1993)
Prandelli (1993–94)
Mondonico (1994–98)
Mutti (1998–99)
Vavassori (1999–2003)
Finardi (2003)
Mandorlini (2003–04)
Rossi (2004–05)
Colantuono (2005–07)
Delneri (2007–09)
Gregucci (2009)
Conte (2009–10)
Bonacina^c (2010)
Mutti (2010)
Colantuono (2010–)

Juventus F.C. – managers

Károly (1923–26)
Viola (1926–28)
Aitken (1928–30)
Carcano (1930–35)
Bigatto (1935)
Rosetta (1935–39)
Caligaris (1939–41)
Munerati (1941)
Ferrari (1941–42)
Monti (1942)
Borel (1942–46)
Cesarini (1946–48)
Chalmers (1948–49)
Carver (1949–51)
Bertolini (1951)
Sárosi (1951–53)
Olivieri (1953–55)
Puppo (1955–57)
Broćić (1957–59)
Depetrini (1959)
Cesarini (1959–61)
Parola (1961)
Gren (1961)
Parola (1961–62)
Amaral (1962–64)
Monzeglio (1964)
Herrera (1964–69)
Carniglia (1969–70)
Rabitti (1970)
Picchi (1970–71)
Vycpálek (1971–74)
Parola (1974–76)
Trapattoni (1976–86)
Marchesi (1986–88)
Zoff (1988–90)
Maifredi (1990–91)
Trapattoni (1991–94)
Lippi (1994–99)
Ancelotti (1999–2001)
Lippi (2001–04)
Capello (2004–06)
Deschamps (2006–07)
Corradini (2007)
Ranieri (2007–09)
Ferrara (2009–10)
Zaccheroni (2010)
Delneri (2010–11)
Conte (2011–)

Italy Squad

v t e Italy squad – 1994 FIFA World Cup Runners-up

1 Pagliuca 2 Apolloni 3 Benarrivo 4 Costacurta 5 Maldini 6 Baresi (c) 7 Minotti 8 Mussi 9 Tassotti 10 R. Baggio 11 Albertini 12 Marchegiani 13 D. Baggio 14 Berti 15 Conte 16 Donadoni 17 Evani 18 Casiraghi 19 Massaro 20 Signori 21 Zola 22 Bucci Coach: Sacchi

v t e Italy squad – UEFA Euro 2000 Runners-up

1 Abbiati 2 Ferrara 3 Maldini (c) 4 Albertini 5 Cannavaro 6 Negro 7 Di Livio 8 Conte 9 Inzaghi 10 Del Piero 11 Pessotto 12 Toldo 13 Nesta 14 Di Biagio 15 Iuliano 16 Ambrosini 17 Zambrotta 18 Fiore 19 Montella 20 Totti 21 Delvecchio 22 Antonioli Coach: Zoff

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Conte

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

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Persondata
Name	Conte, Antonio
Alternative names
Short description	Italian footballer and manager
Date of birth	July 31, 1969
Place of birth	Lecce, Italy
Date of death
Place of death

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