- published: 05 Apr 2009
- views: 170232
- author: Hitchmeister
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- Abbey Wood
- Acton, London
- Alan Johnson
- Aldwych
- Alexander Fleming
- Alfred Molina
- Barking
- Barnes, London
- Barnet
- Barnsbury
- Bath, Somerset
- Battersea
- Bayswater
- Beckenham
- Belgravia
- Bermondsey
- Bethnal Green
- Bexleyheath
- Bishop's Bridge
- Bloomsbury
- Bow, London
- Brentford
- Bridgend
- Bristol
- Brixton
- Brockley
- Bromley
- Buckingham Palace
- Camberwell
- Camden Town
- Canonbury
- Cardiff
- Carshalton
- Catford
- Central London
- Charlton, London
- Chelsea Bridge
- Chelsea, London
- Chessington
- Chinatown, London
- Chingford
- Chislehurst
- Chiswick
- City of London
- City of Westminster
- Clapham
- Clerkenwell
- Cornwall
- Coulsdon
- Covent Garden
- Cricklewood
- Croydon
- Dagenham
- Deptford
- Districts of England
- Ealing
- East Ham
- Edmonton, London
- Edward Adrian Wilson
- Edward Wilson School
- Elizabethan
- Eltham
- Elvis Costello
- Emma Thompson
- Enfield Town
- Engineer
- England
- Erith
- Exeter, England
- Feltham
- Finchley
- Fitzrovia
- Forest Gate
- Forest Hill, London
- Fulham
- Gallows
- George Osborne
- Grand Union Canal
- Greater London
- Green Park
- Greenwich
- Grosvenor Bridge
- Hackney Central
- Hammersmith
- Hampstead
- Harrow Road
- Harrow, London
- Heathrow Airport
- Heathrow Express
- Hendon
- Heroin
- Highams Park
- Highbury
- Highgate
- Hillingdon
- Holborn
- Holloway, London
- Home Secretary
- Hook, London
- Hornchurch
- Hounslow
- Hungerford Bridge
- Hyde Park, London
- Ilford
- Isle of Dogs
- Isleworth
- Islington
- Jane Small
- Joan Collins
- Joe Cole
- John Noorthouck
- Katherine More
- Keifer Sutherland
- Kensal Green
- Kensington
- Kensington Gardens
- Kentish Town
- Kilburn, London
- Kingfisher plc
- Kingston upon Thames
- Knightsbridge
- Lambeth
- Lambeth Bridge
- Les Ferdinand
- Lewisham
- Leyton
- Lisson Grove
- London borough
- London Fire Brigade
- Lucian Freud
- Maida Vale
- Maidenhead
- Marylebone
- Marylebone station
- Mayfair
- Mayflower
- Middlesex
- Millbank
- Mitcham
- Morden
- Muswell Hill
- National Gallery
- Naturalist
- New Cross
- New Malden
- Nobel Prize
- Ornithologist
- Orpington
- Oxford
- Paddington
- Paddington Basin
- Paddington Bear
- Paddington Waterside
- Peckham
- Penge
- Penicillin
- Physician
- Pilgrim Fathers
- Pimlico
- Pimlico tube station
- Pinner
- Plymouth
- Poet
- Poplar, London
- Portal London
- Post town
- Praed Street
- Prince William
- Purley, London
- Putney
- Queen's Park, London
- Regent's Park
- Regions of England
- Richmond, London
- Robert Browning
- Robert Falcon Scott
- Romford
- Royal Air Force
- Royal Artillery
- Royal Flying Corps
- Royal Observer Corps
- Ruislip
- Scout Movement
- Seal (musician)
- Seven Dials, London
- Shepherd's Bush
- Shoreditch
- Sidcup
- Slough
- Soho
- South Norwood
- South Wales
- Southall
- Southgate, London
- Southwark
- St James's
- St John's Wood
- St. James's Park
- Stepney
- Stoke Newington
- Stratford, London
- Streatham
- Stuart
- Surbiton
- Sutton, London
- Swansea
- Swindon
- Sydenham
- Tate Britain
- Taunton
- Teddington
- Temple tube station
- Thamesmead
- Toll gate
- Tolworth
- Tooting
- Tottenham
- Trafalgar Square
- Twickenham
- Tyburn
- Tyburn, London
- United Kingdom
- Upminster
- Upper Clapton
- Uxbridge
- Vauxhall Bridge
- Victoria Cross
- Victoria, London
- Victorian era
- W postcode area
- Walthamstow
- Wandsworth
- Wanstead
- Wapping
- Waterloo Bridge
- Wealdstone
- Welling
- Wembley
- West End theatre
- West Ham
- West Norwood
- Westbourne Green
- Westminster
- Westminster Abbey
- Westminster Bridge
- Whitechapel
- Willesden
- William Henry Page
- Wimbledon, London
- Wood Green
- Woodford, London
- Woolwich
- World War II
-
Abbey Wood
Coordinates: 51°29′11″N 0°06′39″E / 51.4864°N 0.1109°E / 51.4864; 0.1109
Abbey Wood is a district of South-East London, England, located mostly in the Royal Borough of Greenwich, and partly within the London Borough of Bexley. It is situated 9.3 miles (15 km) east of Charing Cross.
The district takes its name from Lesnes Abbey Woods, located to the east.
The Abbey of St Mary and St Thomas the Martyr at Lesnes (or Lesnes Abbey) was founded in 1178 by Richard de Luci, Chief Justiciar of England. The Abbott of Lesnes Abbey was an important local landlord, and took a leading part in draining the marshland. However, this and the cost of maintaining river embankments was one of the reasons given for the Abbey's chronic financial difficulties. It never became a large community, and was closed by Cardinal Wolsey in 1525, under a licence to suppress monasteries of less than seven inmates. It was one of the first monasteries to be closed after the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1524, and the monastic buildings were all pulled down, except for the Abbott's Lodging. Henry Cooke acquired the site in 1541 and it eventually passed to Sir John Hippersley who salvaged building materials, before selling the property to Thomas Hawes of London in 1632. It was then bequeathed to Christ's Hospital in 1633.
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Acton, London
Coordinates: 51°30′38″N 0°15′46″W / 51.510519°N 0.262661°W / 51.510519; -0.262661
Acton is a district of west London, England, located in the London Borough of Ealing. It is situated 6.4 miles (10 km) west of Charing Cross.
At the time of the 2001 census, Acton, comprising the wards of East Acton, Acton Central, South Acton and Southfield, had a population of 53,689 people.North Acton, West Acton, East Acton, South Acton, Acton Green, Acton Town and Acton Central are all parts of Acton.
Acton means "oak farm" or "farm by oak trees", and is derived from the Anglo-Saxon ac (oak) and tun (farm). Originally an ancient village, as London expanded, Acton became absorbed into the city. Nowadays, Acton lies predominantly in the London Borough of Ealing, although some of East Acton lies within the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, and a small portion of South Acton within the London Borough of Hounslow. Acton is home to more railway stations than any other area of London; seven stations in the locality feature Acton in their name.
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Aldwych
Aldwych (
/ˈɔːldwɪtʃ/) is a place and road in the City of Westminster in London, England.
Aldwych, the road, is a crescent, connected to the Strand at both ends. At its centre, it meets the Kingsway. Buildings along its length are:
Nearby, in the Strand, is the now-disused Aldwych tube station.
Its official name is "Aldwych" but the road is sometimes colloquially referred to as "The Aldwych", rather in the same manner that "Strand" is often referred to as "The Strand".
The name, "Aldwych", derives from the Old English eald and wic meaning 'old trading town' or 'old marketplace'; the name was later applied to the street and district. It was recorded as Aldewich in 1211. In the seventh century, an Anglo-Saxon village and trading centre named Lundenwic ("London trading town") was established approximately one mile to the west of Londinium (named Lundenburh or "London Fort" by the Saxons) in what is now Aldwych. Lundenwic probably used the mouth of the River Fleet as a harbour or anchorage for trading ships and fishing boats.
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Barking
Coordinates: 51°32′N 0°05′E / 51.54°N 0.08°E / 51.54; 0.08
Barking is a suburban town in the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham, in East London, England. A retail and commercial centre situated in the west of the borough, it lies 9.1 miles (14.6 km) east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. Barking is an area of regeneration with two main centres of activity, Barking Town Centre and Barking Riverside.
Its name came from Anglo-Saxon Berecingas, meaning either "the settlement of the followers or descendants of a man called Bereca" or "the settlement by the birch trees".
"Barking", in English slang, is short for "barking mad". Barking is sometimes cited as the origin of the phrase. This is attributed to the alleged existence of a medieval insane asylum attached to Barking Abbey. However, the phrase is not medieval, and first appeared only in the 20th century. A more likely derivation is from comparing an insane person to a mad dog.
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Barnes, London
Coordinates: 51°28′27″N 0°14′07″W / 51.4741°N 0.2352°W / 51.4741; -0.2352
Barnes is a riverside London suburb in southwest London and in terms of local governance falls under the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. It is located around 5.8 miles (9.3 km) west south-west of Charing Cross in a loop of the River Thames, with Hammersmith Bridge at the north end. Barnes has a number of 18th and 19th century buildings of exceptional quality, and is often noted for its historic village area centred on the pond, forming the Barnes Village conservation area.
Historically part of Surrey, Barnes appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as "Berne". It was held by the Canons of St Paul of London. Its Domesday assets were: 8 hides, paying tax with Mortlake; 5 ploughs, 20 acres (81,000 m2) of meadow. It rendered (in total): £7.
The original Norman chapel of St Mary's, Barnes' village church, was built at some point between 1100 and 1150. It was subsequently extended in the early thirteenth century, and again c1485 and in 1786. After a major fire in 1978 destroyed the Victorian and Edwardian additions to the building, restoration work was completed in 1984.
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Barnet
Coordinates: 51°38′40″N 0°11′59″W / 51.6444°N 0.1997°W / 51.6444; -0.1997
High Barnet or Chipping Barnet is a place in the London Borough of Barnet, North London, England. It is a suburban development built around a twelfth-century settlement and is located 10 miles (16 km) north north-west of Charing Cross. Its name is often abbreviated to Barnet, which is also the name of the London borough of which it forms a part. Chipping Barnet is the name of the Parliamentary constituency covering the local area - the word "Chipping" denotes the presence of a market (one was established here in the thirteenth century and persists to this day).
The town's name derives from an ancient settlement, recorded as Barneto c.1070, Barnet 1197, La Barnette 1248, that is 'the land cleared by burning', from Old English bærnet, referring to the clearing of this once densely forested area in early times.
This was the site of the Battle of Barnet in 1471 (more accurately, Hadley), where Yorkist troops led by King Edward IV killed the rebellious "Kingmaker" Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick and Warwick's brother, John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu. Barnet Hill is said to be the hill mentioned in the nursery rhyme "The Grand Old Duke of York".
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Barnsbury
Coordinates: 51°32′39″N 0°07′02″W / 51.5442°N 0.1171°W / 51.5442; -0.1171
Barnsbury is an area of north London in the London Borough of Islington, in the N1 postal districts.
The name is a corruption of villa de Iseldon Berners (1274), being so called after the Berners family: powerful medieval manorial lords who gained ownership of a large part of Islington after the Norman Conquest. The area of Barnsbury was predominantly rural until the early nineteenth century.
By the end of the 18th century, however, Barnsbury, like other parts of Islington, was being regarded as attractive part-rural suburbs by the comparatively wealthy people wanting to move out of the cramped City of London and industrial Clerkenwell. The area is close to the City, and had strong local trade in its position as the first staging post for travellers making the journey from London to the north, and with considerable agricultural traffic and cattle driving to the nearby Smithfield cattle market in the City.
Pentonville Prison (built 1842) is located within Barnsbury.
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Bath, Somerset
Coordinates: 51°23′N 2°22′W / 51.38°N 2.36°W / 51.38; -2.36
Bath ( /ˈbɑːθ/ or /ˈbæθ/) is a city in the ceremonial county of Somerset in the south west of England. It is situated 97 miles (156 km) west of London and 13 miles (21 km) south-east of Bristol. The population of the city is 83,992. It was granted city status by Royal Charter by Queen Elizabeth I in 1590, and was made a county borough in 1889 which gave it administrative independence from its county, Somerset. The city became part of Avon when that county was created in 1974. Since 1996, when Avon was abolished, Bath has been the principal centre of the unitary authority of Bath and North East Somerset (B&NES).
The city was first established as a spa with the Latin name, Aquae Sulis ("the waters of Sulis") by the Romans in AD 43, although verbal tradition suggests that Bath was known before then. They built baths and a temple on the surrounding hills of Bath in the valley of the River Avon around hot springs.Edgar was crowned king of England at Bath Abbey in 973. Much later, it became popular as a spa town during the Georgian era, which led to a major expansion that left a heritage of exemplary Georgian architecture crafted from Bath Stone.
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Battersea
Coordinates: 51°27′50″N 0°10′04″W / 51.46377°N 0.16771°W / 51.46377; -0.16771
Battersea is an area of the London Borough of Wandsworth, England. It is an inner-city district of South London in fare zone 2, situated on the south side of the River Thames, 2.9 miles (4.8 km) south-west of Charing Cross. Battersea spans from Fairfield in the west to Queenstown in the east. Although in modern times it is known mostly for its wealth, Battersea remains characterised by spates of inequality, with infamous and deprived council estates such as the Winstanley estate surrounding more prosperous areas. In 2001, Battersea had a population of 75,651 people.
Historically a part of Surrey, the area takes its name from the old village of Battersea, an island settlement established in the river delta of the Falconbrook; a river that rises in Tooting Bec Common and flows underground through south London to the River Thames. The site of the original settlement is marked by St. Mary's Church. William Blake was married, and Benedict Arnold and his wife and daughter are buried in the crypt of the church. Battersea is mentioned in Anglo-Saxon time as Badrices īeg = "Badric's Island" and later "Patrisey". As with many former Thames island settlements, Battersea was reclaimed by draining marshland and building culverts for streams.
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Bayswater
Coordinates: 51°30′34″N 0°11′35″W / 51.50950°N 0.19298°W / 51.50950; -0.19298
Bayswater is an area of west London in the City of Westminster and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea to the west . It is a built-up district located 3 miles (4.8 km) west-north-west of Charing Cross, bordering the north of Hyde Park over Kensington Gardens and having a population density of 17,500 per square kilometre.
Bayswater is one of London's most cosmopolitan areas wherein a diverse local population is augmented by a high concentration of hotels. In addition to the native English, there is a significant Arab population towards Edgware Road, a large Greek community attracted by London's Greek Orthodox Cathedral, many Americans and London's main Brazilian community.
The area has attractive streets and garden squares lined with Victorian stucco terraces, mostly now subdivided into flats and boarding houses. The property ranges from very expensive apartments to small studio flats. There are also purpose-built apartment blocks dating from the inter-war period as well as more recent developments, and a large council estate, the 650-flat Hallfield Estate, designed by Sir Denys Lasdun and now largely sold off.
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Beckenham
Coordinates: 51°24′28″N 0°01′19″W / 51.4077°N 0.0220°W / 51.4077; -0.0220
Beckenham is a town in the London Borough of Bromley, England. It is located 8.4 miles (13.5 km) south east of Charing Cross and 1.75 miles (2.8 km) west of Bromley town. Until the coming of the railway in 1857, Beckenham was a small village in the county of Kent with almost completely rural surroundings: once a family of entrepreneurs began the building of villas here, its population soared from 2000 to 26,000 during 1850-1900 and throughout the rest of the century. The current population is nearly 82,000 Today it is very much in London suburbia, although some of the grand houses of the early days remain.
The settlement is referred to as Bacheham in the Domesday Book of 1086, and in the Textus Roffensis as Becceham. The name is thought to derive from Beohha's homestead (Beohhan + ham in Old English). The name of the small stream here - the River Beck - is most likely to have been named after the village.
Population is now 82,300
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Belgravia
Coordinates: 51°29′53″N 0°09′16″W / 51.49795°N 0.15453°W / 51.49795; -0.15453
Belgravia is a district of Central London in the City of Westminster and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. Noted for its immensely expensive residential properties, it is one of the wealthiest districts in the world. Much of it, known as the Grosvenor Estate is still owned by a family property company the Grosvenor Group, owned by the Duke of Westminster, although the estate has recently been forced to sell many of its freeholds to their tenants at much below market value due to the Leasehold Reform Act 1967. The district lies mostly to the south-west of Buckingham Palace, and is approximately bounded by Knightsbridge to the north (the street of that name, not the district), Grosvenor Place and Buckingham Palace Road to the east, Pimlico Road to the south, and Sloane Street to the west.
The area takes its name from one of the Duke of Westminster's subsidiary titles, Viscount Belgrave. The village of Belgrave, Cheshire is two miles (3 km) from the Grosvenor family's main country seat of Eaton Hall.
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Bermondsey
Coordinates: 51°29′55″N 0°04′33″W / 51.4986°N 0.0757°W / 51.4986; -0.0757
Bermondsey ( /ˈbɜrməndziː/) is an area in London on the south bank of the river Thames, and is part of the London Borough of Southwark. To the west lies Southwark, to the east Rotherhithe, and to the south, Walworth and Peckham.
Bermondsey may be understood to mean 'Beornmund's island'; but, while "Beornmund" represents an Old English personal name, identifying an individual once associated with the place, the element "-ey" represents Old English "eg", for "island", "piece of firm land in a fen", or simply a "place by a stream or river". Thus Bermondsey need not have been an island as such in the Anglo-Saxon period, and is as likely to have been a higher, drier spot in an otherwise marshy area. Though Bermondsey's earliest written appearance is in the Domesday Book of 1086, it also appears in a source which, though surviving only in a copy written at Peterborough Abbey in the 12th century, reliably describes earlier events. This is a letter of Pope Constantine (708-715), in which he grants privileges to a monastery at Vermundesei, then in the hands of the abbot of Medeshamstede, as Peterborough was known at the time.
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Bethnal Green
Coordinates: 51°31′39″N 0°03′58″W / 51.5275°N 0.066°W / 51.5275; -0.066
Bethnal Green is a district of the East End of London, England and part of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, with the far northern parts falling within the London Borough of Hackney.[citation needed] Located 3.3 miles (5.3 km) northeast of Charing Cross, it was historically an agrarian hamlet in the ancient parish of Stepney, Middlesex. Following population increases caused by the expansion of London during the 18th century, it was split off as the parish of Bethnal Green in 1743, becoming part of the Metropolis in 1855 and the County of London in 1889. The parish became a metropolitan borough in 1900 and the population peaked in 1901, entering a period of steady decline which lasted until 1981. The economic history of Bethnal Green is characterised by a shift away from agricultural provision for the City of London to market gardening, weaving and light industry, which has now all but disappeared. The quality of the built environment had deteriorated by the turn of the 20th century and was radically reformed by the aerial bombardment of World War II and the subsequent social housing developments. 173 people were killed at a single incident at Bethnal Green tube station in 1943. Bethnal Green has formed part of Greater London since 1965.
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Bexleyheath
Coordinates: 51°27′32″N 0°08′18″E / 51.4589°N 0.1384°E / 51.4589; 0.1384
Bexleyheath is a main suburban district of Southeast London, England, in the London Borough of Bexley. Bexleyheath is located on the border of Inner London and Outer London. It is 12 miles (19.3 km) east south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Until the early 19th century, Bexley Heath comprised an area of scrub-land with few buildings, although Bexley Heath windmill stood at the corner of what is today Erith Road and Mayplace Road. The heath bordered Watling Street. In 1766 Sir John Boyd had Danson House built in parkland (now Danson Park between Bexleyheath and Welling). In 1814 the land to the north of Bexley that would become Bexleyheath became subject to an Enclosure Act. In 1859 architect Philip Webb designed Red House for the artist, reforming designer and socialist William Morris on the western edge of the heath, in the hamlet of Upton — before Upton became largely developed as a London suburb. The National Trust acquired the house in 2003.
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Bishop's Bridge
Coordinates: 51°31′6.5″N 0°10′46.4″W / 51.518472°N 0.179556°W / 51.518472; -0.179556
Bishop's Bridge, sometimes known as Paddington Bridge, is a road bridge in the Paddington district of London which carries Bishop's Bridge Road across the rail approaches to Paddington Station and across the adjacent Paddington Arm of the Grand Union Canal. A replacement of the original bridge, which was narrow, causing traffic congestion, and was not strong enough to carry buses, was built by HOCHTIEF and was re-opened to traffic at 4am on 14 June 2006. The new design includes a taxi waiting area, extending nearly the full length of the bridge, and connecting with the approach to the station's taxi pick-up point.
Following the reconstruction, bus routes 15 (in August 2010 replaced here by route 159), 46 and 332 ran across the bridge.
The name Bishop's Bridge Road comes from the manor of Paddington which was granted to the Bishop of London, Nicholas Ridley, by Edward VI in the mid 16th Century.
In 2003 while researching a book about the station, Steven Brindle, Inspector of Ancient Monuments for English Heritage (London region) discovered that Isambard Kingdom Brunel was responsible for the original Bishop's Bridge, and that the section he built over the canal was his first iron bridge and had a unique design.
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Bloomsbury
Coordinates: 51°31′34″N 0°07′04″W / 51.5262°N 0.1178°W / 51.5262; -0.1178
Bloomsbury is an area of central London between Euston Road and Holborn, developed by the Russell family in the 17th and 18th centuries into a fashionable residential area. It is notable for its array of garden squares, literary connections (exemplified by the Bloomsbury Group) and numerous cultural, educational and healthcare institutions. While Bloomsbury was not the first area of London to have acquired a formal square, Bloomsbury Square, laid out in 1660 by Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton as Southampton Square, was the first square to be named as such.
Bloomsbury is home to the University of London's central bodies and departments, including the Senate House Library and School of Advanced Study, and several of its colleges, including University College London, Birkbeck, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the School of Pharmacy and the School of Oriental and African Studies. Numerous healthcare institutions are located in Bloomsbury, including the British Medical Association, Great Ormond Street Hospital, the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College Hospital and the Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine. The British Museum and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art are also located in the area.
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Bow, London
Coordinates: 51°31′47″N 0°01′44″W / 51.5298°N 0.0288°W / 51.5298; -0.0288
Bow ( /ˈboʊ/) is an area of London, England, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is a built-up, mostly residential district located 4.6 miles (7.4 km) east of Charing Cross, and is a part of the East End.
The name of the area was anciently Stratford, and "Bow" is an abbreviation of the medieval name Stratford-atte-Bow, in which "Bow" refers to a bridge built in the early 12th century.
Stratforde was first recorded as a settlement in 1177, the name is derived from its Old English meaning of paved way to a ford. The ford originally lay on the route of a pre-Roman trackway at Old Ford about 600 metres to the north, but when the Romans decided on Colchester as their initial capital for their occupation, the road was upgraded to run from the area of London Bridge, as one of the first paved Roman roads in Britain. The 'paved way' is likely to refer to the presence of a stone causeway across the marshes, which formed a part of the crossing.
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Brentford
Coordinates: 51°29′10″N 0°18′36″W / 51.4861°N 0.3101°W / 51.4861; -0.3101
Brentford is a suburban town in west London, England, and part of the London Borough of Hounslow. It is located at the confluence of the River Thames and the River Brent, 8 miles (13 km) west-southwest of Charing Cross. Its former ceremonial county was Middlesex.
The name is recorded as Breguntford in 705 in an Anglo-Saxon charter and means 'ford over the River Brent'. The name of the river is Celtic and means 'holy one' and the '-ford' suffix is Old English. The ford was most likely located where the main road crossed the river. New Brentford is recorded as Newe Braynford in 1521 and was previously known as Westbraynford. Old Brentford is recorded as Old Braynford in 1476 and was previously known as Estbraynford.
The settlement pre-dates the Roman occupation of Britain, and thus pre-dates the founding of London itself. Many pre-Roman artifacts have been excavated in and around the area in Brentford known as 'Old England'. Bronze Age pottery and burnt flints have been found in separate sites in Brentford. The quality and quantity of the artefacts suggests that Brentford was a meeting point for pre-Romanic tribes. One well known Iron Age piece from about 100 BC - AD 50 is the Brentford horn-cap - a ceremonial chariot fitting that formed part of local antiquarian Thomas Layton's collection, now held by the Museum of London. The Celtic knot pattern (the 'Brentford Knot') on this item has been copied for use on modern jewellery.
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Bridgend
Coordinates: 51°30′26″N 3°34′42″W / 51.5072°N 3.5784°W / 51.5072; -03.5784
Bridgend (English pronunciation: /brɨˈdʒɛnd/; Welsh: Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr, meaning "Top of the Bridge on the Ogmore") is a town in the Bridgend County Borough in Wales, 22-mile (35 km) west of the capital, Cardiff. The river crossed by the original bridge, which gave the town its name, is the River Ogmore but the River Ewenny also passes to the south of the town. Historically a part of Glamorgan, Bridgend has greatly expanded in size since the early 1980s and had a population of 39,429 in 2001.
Several prehistoric burial mounds have been found in the vicinity of Bridgend suggesting that the area was settled before Roman times. The A48 between Bridgend and Cowbridge has a portion, known locally as "Crack Hill", a Roman road. The Vale of Glamorgan would have been a natural low-level route west to the Roman fort and harbour at Neath (Nidum) from settlements in the east like Cardiff and Caerleon (Isca).
After the Norman conquest of Anglo Saxon England in 1066, the new establishment looked westwards in the following decades to create new seats for lords loyal to William The Conqueror. Groups of Norman barons arrived in Wales and in the south and east created what would later become the Welsh Marches, while the north and west remained largely unconquered due to the harsh terrain.
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Bristol
Bristol
i/ˈbrɪstəl/ is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, with an estimated population of 433,100 for the unitary authority in 2009, and a surrounding Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) with an estimated 1,070,000 residents in 2007. It is England's sixth and the United Kingdom's eighth most populous city, one of the group of English Core Cities and the most populous city in South West England.
Historically within Gloucestershire, the city received a Royal Charter in 1155 and was granted County status in 1373. From the 13th century, for half a millennium, it ranked amongst the top three English cities after London, alongside York and Norwich, on the basis of tax receipts, until the rapid rise of Liverpool, Birmingham and Manchester during the Industrial Revolution in the latter part of the 18th century. It borders the counties of Somerset and Gloucestershire, and is also located near the historic cities of Bath to the south east and Gloucester to the north. The city is built around the River Avon, and it also has a short coastline on the Severn Estuary, which flows into the Bristol Channel.
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Brixton
Coordinates: 51°27′47″N 0°06′22″W / 51.463°N 0.106°W / 51.463; -0.106
Brixton is a district in the London Borough of Lambeth in south London, England. It is 3.8 miles (6.1 km) south south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Brixton is mainly residential with a prominent street market and substantial retail sector. It is a multiethnic community, with around 24 percent of its population being of African and Caribbean descent,. It lies within Inner South London and is bordered by Stockwell, Clapham, Streatham, Camberwell, Tulse Hill and Herne Hill. The district houses the main offices of the London Borough of Lambeth.
The name Brixton is thought to originate from Brixistance, meaning the stone of Brixi, a Saxon lord. Brixi is thought to have erected a boundary stone to mark the meeting place of the ancient hundred court of Surrey. The location is unknown but is thought to be at the top of Brixton Hill, at a road known at the time as Bristow or Brixton Causeway, long before any settlement in the area. Brixton marks the rise from the marshes of North Lambeth up to the hills of Upper Norwood and Streatham. At the time the River Effra flowed from its source in Upper Norwood through Herne Hill to Brixton. At Brixton the river was crossed by low bridges for Roman roads to the south coast of Britain, now Brixton Road and Clapham Road. The main roads were connected through a network of medieval country lanes, such as Acre Lane, Coldharbour Lane, Brixton Water Lane and Lyham Road, formerly Black Lane. It was only at the end of the 18th century that villages and settlements formed around Brixton, as the original woodland was gradually reduced until the area was covered in farmland and market gardens known for game and strawberries.
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Brockley
Coordinates: 51°27′10″N 0°02′04″W / 51.4529°N 0.0345°W / 51.4529; -0.0345
Brockley is a district of south London, England, located in the London Borough of Lewisham. It is situated 5 miles (8 km) south-east of Charing Cross.
It is covered by the London postcode districts SE4 and SE14.
The name 'Brockley' is derived from either 'Broca's woodland clearing', or a wood where badgers are seen (broc is the Old English for badger).[citation needed]
The oldest surviving house in the area is the 'Stone House' on Lewisham Way (opposite Lewisham College) built in 1773 by the architect George Gibson the Younger.[citation needed] Most of the area remained agricultural until the mid nineteenth century, the most notable building of the time being the 'Brockley Jack' (since rebuilt), a large Victorian public house which today houses the Brockley Jack Theatre. Brockley Hall (demolished 1931) stood nearby and this area formed the original small hamlet of Brockley. The name Crofton Park was invented by the railway company for its new station and has no historical significance. Brockley market gardens were famous for their enormous Victoria rhubarb which were fertilised by 'night soil' from London. There were orchards too and some ancient fruit trees survive in local gardens. Until the late 19th century a small river flowed northward from Crofton Park and east of Malpas Rd to join the River Thames via Deptford Creek. It is now covered over.
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Bromley
Coordinates: 51°24′25″N 0°01′16″E / 51.4070°N 0.0210°E / 51.4070; 0.0210
Bromley is a large suburban district of south east London, England and the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Bromley. It was historically a market town, and prior to 1963 was in the county of Kent and formed the administrative centre of the Municipal Borough of Bromley. Although technically in London, it is regarded by locals and Londoners alike as in the county of Kent. Its location on a coaching route and the opening of a railway station in 1858 were key to its development and the economic history of Bromley is underpinned by a shift from an agrarian village to commercial and retail hub. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Bromley significantly increased in population and has formed part of Greater London since 1963. It has developed into one of a handful of regionally significant commercial and retail districts outside central London. It is located 9.3 miles (15 km) south east of Charing Cross and is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. Bromley has a number of affluent areas and is regarded as being one of the richest London Boroughs. There are a number of gated communities within the borough, most noticeably Keston Park (in Keston, Orpington), Farnborough Park (Farnborough, Orpington) and Bickley Park (in the affluent areas of Bickley and Chislehurst)
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Buckingham Palace
Buckingham Palace is the official London residence and office of the British monarch. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is a setting for state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focus for the British people at times of national rejoicing and crisis.
Originally known as Buckingham House, the building which forms the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1705 on a site which had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was subsequently acquired by George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte, and known as "The Queen's House". During the 19th century it was enlarged, principally by architects John Nash and Edward Blore, forming three wings around a central courtyard. Buckingham Palace finally became the official royal palace of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837. The last major structural additions were made in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including the East front which contains the well-known balcony on which the Royal Family traditionally congregate to greet crowds outside. However, the palace chapel was destroyed by a German bomb in World War II; the Queen's Gallery was built on the site and opened to the public in 1962 to exhibit works of art from the Royal Collection.
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Camberwell
Coordinates: 51°28′25″N 0°05′28″W / 51.4736°N 0.0912°W / 51.4736; -0.0912
Camberwell is a district of south London, England, and forms part of the London Borough of Southwark. It is a built-up inner city district located 2.7 miles (4.3 km) southeast of Charing Cross. To the west it has a boundary with the London Borough of Lambeth.
Camberwell appears in Domesday Book as Cambrewelle. The name may derive from the old English Cumberwell or Comberwell, meaning 'Well of the Britons', referring to remaining Celtic inhabitants of an area dominated by Anglo-Saxons. An alternative theory suggests the name may mean 'Cripple Well', and that the settlement developed as a hamlet where people from the City of London were expelled when they had life threatening diseases like leprosy, for treatment by the church and the clean, healing waters from the wells. Springs and wells are known to have existed on the southern slope of Denmark Hill, especially around Grove Park.
It was already a substantial settlement with a church when mentioned in the Domesday Book, and was the parish church for a large area including Dulwich and Peckham. It was held by Haimo the Sheriff (of Kent). Its domesday assets were: 6 hides and 1 virgate; 1 church, 8 ploughs, 63 acres (250,000 m2) of meadow, woodland worth 60 hogs. It rendered £14. Up to the mid-nineteenth century, Camberwell was visited by Londoners for its rural tranquillity and the reputed healing properties of its mineral springs. Like much of inner South London, Camberwell was transformed by the arrival of the railways in the 1860s.
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Camden Town
Coordinates: 51°32′28″N 0°08′36″W / 51.541°N 0.1433°W / 51.541; -0.1433
Camden Town is a district of Inner London in northwest London, England, and the central neighbourhood of the London Borough of Camden. It is located 2.4 miles (3.9 km) north-northwest of Charing Cross and is one of the 35 major centres identified in the London Plan. It was laid out as a residential district from 1791 and was originally part of the manor of Kentish Town and the parish of St Pancras, Middlesex. The town became an important location during the early development of the railways and is also located on the London canal network. Its industrial heritage has made way for retail, tourism and entertainment, including a number of internationally renowned markets and music venues that are strongly associated with alternative culture.
Camden Town is named after Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden. His earldom was styled after his estate, Camden Place near Chislehurst in Kent (now in the London Borough of Bromley), formerly owned by historian William Camden. The name, which appears on the Ordnance Survey map of 1822, was later applied to the early 20th century Camden Town Group of artists and the London borough of Camden, created in 1965.
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Canonbury
Coordinates: 51°32′37″N 0°05′18″W / 51.5437°N 0.0883°W / 51.5437; -0.0883
Canonbury is a residential district in the London Borough of Islington in the north of London. It is roughly in the area between Essex Road, Upper Street and Cross Street and either side of St Paul's Road. In 1253 land in the area was granted to the Canons of St Bartholomew’s Priory, Smithfield and became known as Canonbury. The area continued predominantly as open land until it was developed as a suburb in the early 19th century. In common with similar inner London areas, it suffered decline when the construction of railways in the 1860s enabled commuting into the city from further afield. The gentrification of the area from the 1950s included new developments to replace war-damaged properties in Canonbury Park North and South as well as restoration of older buildings.
East Canonbury is the south-eastern corner of the district, bordering on the Regents Canal. Parts of this area were transferred to the district from the London Borough of Hackney in a boundary adjustment (along the line of the northern tow-path of the canal), in 1993.
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Cardiff
Cardiff (i/ˈkɑrdɪf/; Welsh: Caerdydd (info) Welsh pronunciation: [kairˈdiːð, kaˑɨrˈdɨːð]) is the capital and largest city in Wales and the 10th largest city in the United Kingdom. The city is Wales' chief commercial centre, the base for most national cultural and sporting institutions, the Welsh national media, and the seat of the National Assembly for Wales. The unitary authority area's mid 2010 population was estimated to be 341,054, while the population of the Larger Urban Zone was estimated at 861,400 in 2009. Cardiff is a significant tourism centre and the most popular visitor destination in Wales with 18.3 million visitors in 2010. In 2011, Cardiff was ranked 6th in the world in National Geographic's alternative tourist destinations.
The city of Cardiff is the county town of the historic county of Glamorgan (and later South Glamorgan). Cardiff is part of the Eurocities network of the largest European cities. The Cardiff Urban Area covers a slightly larger area outside of the county boundary, and includes the towns of Dinas Powys and Penarth. A small town until the early 19th century, its prominence as a major port for the transport of coal following the arrival of industry in the region contributed to its rise as a major city.
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Carshalton
Coordinates: 51°21′55″N 0°10′03″W / 51.3652°N 0.1676°W / 51.3652; -0.1676
Carshalton (pronounced /kɑːˈʃɔːltən/, kah-SHAWLT-ən, used to be also /keɪsˈhɔːtən/, kays-HAWT-ən) is a suburban area of the London Borough of Sutton, England. It is located 10 miles (16.1 km) south-southwest of Charing Cross, situated in the valley of the River Wandle, one of the sources of which is Carshalton Ponds in the centre of the village. The combined population of the five wards comprising Carshalton was 45,525 at the 2001 census. It is in the UK Parliamentary constituency of Carshalton and Wallington.
To the south of the area now known as Carshalton, remains of artefacts dating from the Neolithic to the Iron Age have been found, suggesting that this was an early place of habitation. Prior to the Norman Conquest it is recorded that there were five manors in this location owned by five freemen.
The village lay within the Anglo-Saxon administrative division of Wallington hundred.
Carshalton appears in Domesday Book as Aultone. It was held by Goisfrid (Geoffrey) de Mandeville. Its domesday assets were: 3½ hides; 1 church, 10 ploughs, 1 mill worth £1 15s 0d, 22 acres (89,000 m2) of meadow, woodland worth 2 hogs. It rendered £15 10s 0d.
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Catford
Coordinates: 51°26′43″N 0°01′15″W / 51.4452°N 0.0207°W / 51.4452; -0.0207
Catford is a district in south London, England, located in the London Borough of Lewisham. It is situated 6.3 miles (10.1 km) south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
The 1960s and 70s had a considerable impact on the architecture of Catford. The old Town Hall, 'the Catford Cathedral' of 1875, was replaced by the current Civic Suite in 1968, soon after the merger of the metropolitan boroughs of Lewisham and Deptford. Laurence House, where many of the borough's offices are housed, is on the site of old St Laurence's Church (aka the Catford Cathedral). The brutalist Eros House, which replaced the Lewisham Hippodrome (Catford's music hall designed by the famous theatre architect Frank Matcham) in 1960, is now Grade II listed. Architecture critic Ian Nairn praised Eros House as:
In Rushey Green outside Eros House, the old village hand-pump from the 1850s survives. In 1974 the Catford shopping centre was built by the brutalist architect Owen Luder.
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Charlton, London
Coordinates: 51°29′16″N 0°02′20″E / 51.487674°N 0.038992°E / 51.487674; 0.038992
Charlton is a former village, now a suburb, in south London, England, and part of the Royal Borough of Greenwich. It is located 7.2 miles (11.6 km) east-southeast of Charing Cross. Charlton next Woolwich was an ancient parish in the county of Kent, which became part of the metropolitan area of London in 1855. It is home to Charlton Athletic F.C. and the location of Charlton House.
Charlton is recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book as Cerletone. It is formed from Old English 'ceorl' and 'tūn' and means 'farmstead of the freemen or peasants'. It is a common English placename and the parish was also known as Charlton next Woolwich to distinguish it from Charlton by Dover. During the 19th century the riverside portion of the area became known as New Charlton.
Charlton is assessed in the Domesday Book of 1086 at one "sulung", which is commonly held to have been the equivalent of two hides. In 1086 it was in the fee of Gundulf, bishop of Rochester, but in 1066 it had been held from the king as two estates, by two brothers, named Godwine and Alweard. Though assessed at only one sulung, it had a slightly higher value than might be expected, at £7, both in 1066 and in 1086.
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Chelsea, London
Coordinates: 51°29′15″N 0°10′06″W / 51.4875°N 0.1684°W / 51.4875; -0.1684
Chelsea is an area of West London, England, bounded to the south by the River Thames, where its frontage runs from Chelsea Bridge along the Chelsea Embankment, Cheyne Walk, Lots Road and Chelsea Harbour. Its eastern boundary was once defined by the River Westbourne, which is now in a pipe above Sloane Square tube station. The modern eastern boundary is Chelsea Bridge Road and the lower half of Sloane Street, including Sloane Square, along with parts of Belgravia. To the north and northwest, the area fades into Knightsbridge and South Kensington, but it is safe to say that the area north of King's Road as far northwest as Fulham Road is part of Chelsea.
The district is part of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. From 1900, and until the creation of Greater London in 1965, it formed the Metropolitan Borough of Chelsea in the County of London. Chelsea Football Club, the current champions of European football has its grounds at Stamford Bridge, on the border between Chelsea and neighbouring Fulham.
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Chessington
Coordinates: 51°21′49″N 0°17′59″W / 51.3635°N 0.2998°W / 51.3635; -0.2998
Chessington is a town in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames in Greater London, England. The Hogsmill River runs through it. Neighbouring settlements include: Tolworth, Ewell, Surbiton, Claygate, Epsom, Oxshott, Leatherhead, Esher, Kingston upon Thames and Worcester Park.
Its name came from Anglo-Saxon Cissan dūn = "hill belonging to [a man named] Cissa".
Chessington appears in Domesday Book as Cisedune and Cisendone. It was held partly by Robert de Wateville and partly by Milo (Miles) Crispin. Its Domesday assets were: 1½ hides; part of a mill worth 2s, 4 ploughs, woodland worth 30 hogs. It rendered £7.
The mansion at Chessington World of Adventures known today as the Burnt Stub was originally built in 1348. In the English Civil War it became a royalist stronghold and was razed to the ground by Oliver Cromwell's Parliamentary forces giving it its modern name. The site became an inn and was then rebuilt on a grander scale from the 18th century by the Vere Barker family in a neo-gothic Victorian style. The grounds were turned into a zoo in 1931 by Reginald Goddard. Chessington Zoo became part of the Tussauds Group in 1978 and is now operated as a theme park. The mansion remain as part of the park as a haunted house called Hocus Pocus Hall.
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Chinatown, London
The name Chinatown has been used at different times to describe different places in London. The present Chinatown is part of the Soho area of the City of Westminster, occupying the area in and around Gerrard Street. It contains a number of Chinese restaurants, bakeries, supermarkets, souvenir shops, and other Chinese-run businesses.
The first area in London known as Chinatown was located in the Limehouse area of the East End of London. At the start of the 20th century, the Chinese population of London was concentrated in that area, setting up businesses which catered to the Chinese sailors who frequented in Docklands. The area began to become known through exaggerated reports and tales of (legal) opium dens and slum housing, rather than the Chinese restaurants and supermarkets in the current Chinatown. However, much of the area was damaged by aerial bombing during the Blitz in the Second World War, although a number of elderly Chinese still choose to live in this area.
After the Second World War, however, the growing popularity of Chinese cuisine and an influx of immigrants from Hong Kong led to an increasing number of Chinese restaurants being opened elsewhere.
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Chingford
Coordinates: 51°37′52″N 0°00′58″E / 51.631°N 0.016°E / 51.631; 0.016
Chingford is an area of north east London in the London Borough of Waltham Forest. It borders Essex to the north, Woodford Green to the east, Walthamstow to the south and Edmonton to the west. It is situated 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Charing Cross. Landmarks in the west are the William Girling and King George V reservoirs, known together as the Chingford reservoirs, and the River Lea. To the north lies Epping Forest which is in Essex but is maintained by The Corporation of the City of London.
The River Ching runs through the area, and the town of Chingford is close to a number of crossings of that river. However old maps and descriptions give a name for the settlement long before the river has a name and it is likely that the name of the river as "Ching" arose long after the settlement was named. It is also thought that similarly to how Kingston upon Thames appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Chingestone and Chingetun(e), with ching being old English for king, that Chingford could relate to the King's river, and Kings Ford. This idea is compounded by the Queen Elizabeth Hunting Lodge and links to royalty using the area for hunting in centuries gone by.[citation needed] However the most generally accepted explanation by place name genealogists is that the settlement's name comes from an origin of "Shingly Ford" -- that is, a ford over a waterway containing shingles.
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Chislehurst
Coordinates: 51°24′54″N 0°04′44″E / 51.4150°N 0.0789°E / 51.4150; 0.0789
Chislehurst ( /ˈtʃɪzəlˈhɜrst/) is a suburban district in south-east London, England, and an electoral ward of the London Borough of Bromley. It is 10.5 miles (16.9 km) south-east of Charing Cross.
The name "Chislehurst" is derived from the Saxon words cisel 'gravel', and hyrst 'wooded hill'.
Camden Place (now Chislehurst Golf Club) takes its name from the antiquary William Camden, who lived in the former house on the site from c.1609 until his death in 1623. The present house was built shortly before 1717, and was given a number of additions in the late 18th and very early 19th centuries by the architect George Dance the younger. In about 1760, the house and estate were bought by Charles Pratt, the Attorney General, and later Lord Chancellor. Pratt was ennobled in 1765, taking the title Baron Camden, of Camden Place: in 1786 he was created Earl Camden. A later occupant of the house, from 1871 until his death there in 1873, was the exiled French Emperor, Napoleon III. His body and that of the Prince Imperial were originally buried in St Mary's Church, before being removed to St Michael's Abbey, Farnborough. The Emperor's widow, the Empress Eugénie, remained at Camden Place until 1885. There is a memorial to Napoléon Eugène on Chislehurst Common, and the area's connections with the imperial family are found in many road names and in the local telephone code, 467, which in its earlier format corresponded to the letters IMP (for imperial).
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Chiswick
Coordinates: 51°29′33″N 0°15′48″W / 51.4925°N 0.2633°W / 51.4925; -0.2633
Chiswicki/ˈtʃɪzɨk/ is a large suburb of west London, England and part of the London Borough of Hounslow. It is located on a meander of the River Thames, 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Charing Cross and is one of 35 major centres identified in the London Plan. It was historically an ancient parish in the county of Middlesex, with an agrarian and fishing economy. Having good communications with London from an early time the area became a popular country retreat, and as part of the suburban growth of London in the late 19th and early 20th centuries the population of Chiswick significantly expanded. With neighbouring Brentford, it became a municipal borough in 1932 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965.
The name "Chiswick" is of Old English origin meaning "Cheese Farm" and originates from the riverside meadows and farms that are thought to have supported an annual cheese fair on Dukes Meadows up until the 18th century. Chiswick was first recorded c.1000 as Ceswican.
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City of London
The City of London is an area in central London, England. In the medieval period it constituted most of London, but the conurbation has grown far beyond it. As the City’s boundaries have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages, it is now only a tiny part of the metropolis, though it remains a notable part of central London, holds city status in its own right, and is a separate ceremonial county.
It is often referred to as the City (often written on maps as "City") or the Square Mile, as it is just over one square mile (1.12 sq mi/2.90 km2) in area. These terms are also often used as metonyms for the United Kingdom's financial services industry, which continues a notable history of being based in the City.
The term London now refers to a much larger conurbation roughly corresponding to Greater London, a local government area which includes 32 London boroughs including the City of Westminster as well as the City of London. The local authority for the City, the City of London Corporation, is unique in the United Kingdom, and has some unusual responsibilities for a local authority in Britain, such as being the police authority for the City. It also has responsibilities and ownerships beyond the City's boundaries. The Corporation is headed by the Lord Mayor of the City of London, an office separate from (and much older than) the Mayor of London.
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City of Westminster
The City of Westminsteri/ˈwɛstmɪnstə/ is a London borough occupying much of the central area of London, England, including most of the West End. It is located to the west of and adjoining the ancient City of London, directly to the east of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, and its southern boundary is the River Thames. It is an Inner London borough and was created in 1965 when Greater London was established. At its creation Westminster was awarded city status, which had been previously held by the smaller Metropolitan Borough of Westminster. Aside from a number of large parks and open spaces, the population density of the district is high. Many sites commonly associated with London are located in the borough, including Buckingham Palace, the Houses of Parliament, and 10 Downing Street. The borough is divided into a number of localities including the ancient political district of Westminster around the Palace of Westminster; the shopping areas around Oxford Street, Regent Street, Piccadilly and Bond Street; and the night time entertainment district of Soho. Much of the borough is residential, and in 2008 it was estimated to have a population of 236,000. The local authority is Westminster City Council.
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Clapham
Coordinates: 51°27′48″N 0°08′02″W / 51.46323°N 0.13394°W / 51.46323; -0.13394
Clapham is a district in south west London, England, within the London Borough of Lambeth.
Clapham covers the postcodes of SW4 and parts of SW8, SW9 and SW12. Clapham Common is shared with the London Borough of Wandsworth, although Lambeth has responsibility for running the common as a whole. According to the 2001 census Clapham (and Stockwell) had a joint population of 65,513 inhabitants. Clapham is made up of two wards Clapham Common and Clapham Town and Thornton ward which forms the southern part of Balham. Parts of Clapham also lie within the Brixton ward of Ferndale and the Stockwell ward of Larkhall.
Clapham is well known for its extensive green space Clapham Common, which features three ponds and is overlooked by Victorian mansions, and the village-like atmosphere of its historic Old Town. Clapham is famous[citation needed] as the home of Holy Trinity Clapham the Georgian Church on Clapham Common, from where The Clapham Sect led by William Wilberforce and a group of upper class evangelical Christians campaigned for the abolition of the slave trade in the 19th century. Abbeville or the Village is an affluent district within Clapham lying between Clapham Common South Side and Clarence Avenue and is synonymous with the Clapham Common Ward. The area is centred around small parades of upmarket independent shops and renowned restaurants within a longer otherwise residential road and has a village-like feel.
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Clerkenwell
Coordinates: 51°31′34″N 0°06′13″W / 51.52604°N 0.103475°W / 51.52604; -0.103475
Clerkenwell ( /ˈklɑrkənwɛl/) is an area of central London in the London Borough of Islington. From 1900 to 1965 it was part of the Metropolitan Borough of Finsbury. The well after which it was named was rediscovered in 1924. The watchmaking and watch repairing trades were once of great importance. Clerkenwell was once known as London's "Little Italy" because of the large number of Italians living in the area from the 1850s until the 1960s.
Clerkenwell took its name from the Clerks' Well in Farringdon Lane (clerken was the Middle English genitive plural of clerk, a variant of clerc, meaning literate person or clergyman). In the Middle Ages, the London Parish clerks performed annual mystery plays there, based on biblical themes. Part of the well remains visible, incorporated into a 1980s building called Well Court. It is visible through a window of that building on Farringdon Lane. Access to the well is managed by Islington Local History Centre and visits can be arranged by appointment.
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Cornwall
Cornwall ( /ˈkɔrnwɔːl/ or /ˈkɔrnwəl/;Cornish: Kernow [ˈkɛrnɔʊ]; Latin: Cornubia or Cornuvia) is a unitary authority and ceremonial county of England, within the United Kingdom. It is bordered to the north and west by the Celtic Sea, to the south by the English Channel, and to the east by the county of Devon, over the River Tamar. Cornwall has a population of 537,400 and covers an area of 3,563 km2 (1,376 sq mi). The administrative centre and only city is Truro.
The area now known as Cornwall was first inhabited in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods. It continued to be occupied by Neolithic and then Bronze Age peoples, and later (in the Iron Age) by Brythons with distinctive cultural relations to neighbouring Wales and Brittany. There is little evidence that Roman rule was effective west of Exeter and few Roman remains have been found. Cornwall was a division of the Dumnonii tribe—whose tribal centre was in the modern county of Devon—known as the Cornovii, separated from Wales after the Battle of Deorham, often coming into conflict with the expanding English kingdom of Wessex before King Athelstan in AD 936 set the boundary between English and Cornish at the Tamar. From the early Middle Ages, British language and culture was apparently shared by Brythons trading across both sides of the Channel, evidenced by the corresponding high medieval Breton kingdoms of Domnonee and Cornouaille and the Celtic Christianity common to both territories.
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Coulsdon
Coordinates: 51°19′16″N 0°08′19″W / 51.3211°N 0.1386°W / 51.3211; -0.1386
Coulsdon (/ˈkuːlzdən/, traditionally pronounced 'Colesdon') is a town on the southernmost boundary of the London Borough of Croydon. It is surrounded by the Metropolitan Green Belt of the Farthing Down, Coulsdon Common and Kenley Common. The modern area designated Coulsdon comprises Old Coulsdon, which was the older and first settlement, and Smitham Bottom, which grew substantially with the coming of the railways.
Coulsdon is a small suburban district in South London, England. It has a strong and vibrant local history, which includes Saxon burial mounds and an Iron Age Field System on Farthing Downs, an ancient church recorded in the Domesday book, Marlpit, a former industrial chalk quarry, and the former Cane Hill Mental Hospital (a site currently under development). Appearing in the Domesday Book as Colesdone it boasted one church and rendered £7 to Chertsey Abbey. Its only other Domesday assets were 3½ hide, 7 ploughs, and woodland worth 3 hogs.
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Cricklewood
Coordinates: 51°33′17″N 0°13′03″W / 51.5548°N 0.2176°W / 51.5548; -0.2176
Cricklewood is a district of North London, England whose northeastern part is in the London Borough of Barnet, western part is the London Borough of Brent and southeastern part is in London Borough of Camden.
There was a small settlement at the junction of Cricklewood Lane and the Edgware Road by 1294, which by 1321 was being called Cricklewood. By the 1750s the Crown (rebuilt in 1889), was providing for coach travellers and by the 1800s it had a handful of cottages and Cricklewood House as neighbours, and was known for its “pleasure gardens”. By the 1860s there were a number of substantial villas along the Edgware Road starting with Rockhall Lodge and culminating in Rockhall Terrace.
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Croydon
Coordinates: 51°22′22″N 0°06′36″W / 51.3727°N 0.1099°W / 51.3727; -0.1099
Croydon is a large town in South London, England, located within the London Borough of Croydon to which it gives its name. It is situated 9.5 miles (15.3 km) south of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 11 metropolitan centres in Greater London.
Croydon is located on the natural transport corridor between London and England's south coast, just to the north of two gaps in the North Downs, one followed by the route of the A23 Brighton Road from Purley to Merstham and the other followed by the A22 from Purley to the M25 Godstone interchange.
Historically a part of Surrey, at the time of the Norman conquest of England Croydon had a church, a mill and around 365 inhabitants (as recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086). Croydon expanded during the Middle Ages as a market town and a centre for charcoal production, leather tanning and brewing. The Surrey Iron Railway from Croydon to Wandsworth opened in 1803 and was the world's first public horse-drawn railway, which later developed into an important means of transport – facilitating Croydon's growth as a commuter town for the City of London and beyond. By the early 20th century, Croydon was an important industrial area, known for car manufacture, metal working and its airport. In the mid 20th century these sectors were replaced by retailing and service economy, brought about by massive redevelopment which saw the rise of office blocks and the Whitgift shopping centre. Croydon was amalgamated into Greater London in 1965. Road traffic is now diverted away from a largely pedestrianised town centre, but its main railway station, East Croydon, is still a major hub within the national railway transport system. The town is expected to have its urban planning changed as part of Croydon Vision 2020.
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Dagenham
Coordinates: 51°32′23″N 0°08′32″E / 51.5397°N 0.1422°E / 51.5397; 0.1422
Dagenham is a large suburb in East London, forming the eastern part of the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham and located 12 miles (19.3 km) east of Charing Cross. It was historically an agrarian village in the county of Essex and remained mostly undeveloped until 1921 when the London County Council began construction of the large Becontree estate. The population of the area significantly increased during the 20th century, with the parish of Dagenham becoming an urban district in 1926 and a municipal borough in 1938. It has formed part of Greater London since 1965 and is a predominantly residential area, with some areas of declining industrial activity, including the Ford Dagenham plant. The population is set to rise as the southern part of Dagenham, adjacent to the River Thames, forms part of the London Riverside section of the Thames Gateway redevelopment area.
Dagenham first appeared in a document (as Dæccanhaam) in a charter of Barking Abbey dating from 686 AD. The name almost certainly originated with a small farmstead, the "ham" or farm of a man called Daecca, as Dæccan hamm in Old English means home of a man called Dæcca.
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Deptford
Coordinates: 51°28′41″N 0°01′35″W / 51.4780°N 0.0265°W / 51.4780; -0.0265
Deptford ( /ˈdɛtfəd/) is a district of south London, England, on the south bank of the River Thames. It is named after a ford of the River Ravensbourne, and from the mid 16th to the late 19th century was home to Deptford Dockyard, the first of the Royal Navy Dockyards.
Deptford and the docks are associated with the knighting of Sir Francis Drake by Queen Elizabeth I aboard the Golden Hind, the legend of Sir Walter Raleigh laying down his cape for Elizabeth, Captain James Cook's third voyage aboard Resolution, and the mysterious murder of Christopher Marlowe in a house along Deptford Strand.
Though Deptford began as two small communities, one at the ford, the other a fishing village on The Thames, Deptford's history and population has been mainly associated with the docks established by Henry VIII.
The two communities grew together and flourished while the docks were the main administrative centre of the Royal Navy, and a few grand houses like Sayes Court, home to diarist John Evelyn, and Stone House on Lewisham Way were erected. The area declined as first the Royal Navy moved out and then the commercial docks declined until the last dock, Convoys Wharf, closed in 2000.
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Ealing
Coordinates: 51°30′40″N 0°18′21″W / 51.5111°N 0.3058°W / 51.5111; -0.3058
Ealing is a suburban area of west London, England and the administrative centre of the London Borough of Ealing. It is located 7.9 miles (12.7 km) west of Charing Cross and around 12 miles (19.3 km) from the City of London. It is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. It was historically a rural village in the county of Middlesex and formed an ancient parish. Improvement in communications with London, culminating with the opening of the railway station in 1838, shifted the local economy to market garden supply and eventually to suburban development. As part of the growth of London in the 20th century, Ealing significantly expanded and increased in population, becoming a municipal borough in 1901 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. It now forms a significant commercial and retail centre with a developed night time economy.
The Saxon name for Ealing was recorded c.700 as 'Gillingas', meaning 'place of the people associated with Gilla', from the personal name Gilla and the Old English suffix '-ingas', meaning 'people of'. Over the centuries, the name has changed, and has been known as 'Illing', 1130; 'Gilling', 1243; and 'Ylling', 1254, until 'Ealing' became the standard spelling in the 19th century.
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East Ham
Coordinates: 51°31′56″N 0°03′19″E / 51.5323°N 0.0554°E / 51.5323; 0.0554
East Ham is a suburban district of London, England, and part of the London Borough of Newham. It is a built-up district located 8 miles (12.8 km) east-northeast of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
A settlement in the area named Ham is first recorded as Hamme in an Anglo-Saxon charter of 958 and then in the 1086 Domesday Book as Hame. It is formed from Old English 'hamm' and means 'a dry area of land between rivers or marshland', referring the location of the settlement within boundaries formed by the rivers Lea, Thames and Roding and their marshes.
In 1859 East Ham railway station opened and, although in 1863 the area was still being described as a "scattered village" the availability of transport resulted in increasing urbanisation, especially from 1890 onwards. The electric services of the District Railway first served East Ham in 1908.
From 1894 East Ham formed the East Ham Urban District of Essex and was incorporated as a borough on 10 August 1903. As a result of popular pressure East Ham sought and obtained county borough status; becoming, in modern terms, a unitary authority on 1 April 1915 and remaining such until 1965 when it was abolished and its former area was merged with that of the County Borough of West Ham to form the London Borough of Newham.
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Edmonton, London
Coordinates: 51°36′55″N 0°04′15″W / 51.6154°N 0.0708°W / 51.6154; -0.0708
Edmonton is an area in the east of the London Borough of Enfield, England, 8.6 miles (13.8 km) north-north-east of Charing Cross. It has a long history as a settlement distinct from Enfield.
Edmonton is 8.6 miles (13.8 km) north-north-east of Charing Cross and stretches from just south of the North Circular Road where it borders Tottenham to its boundary with Ponders End to the north. Bush Hill Park, Winchmore Hill and Palmers Green adjoin the western boundary while the River Lee Diversion forms Edmonton's eastern boundary with Chingford. The northern part of Edmonton, N9 postal area are known as Lower Edmonton and the southern part as Upper Edmonton, N18 postal area.
The Edmonton constituency had a population of 96,493 in the 2001 census.
The white groups made up 66.1% of the population and thirteen other ethnic groups the remainder.
Edmonton has a young, ethnically diverse population. It has significantly higher proportions of Muslims than the borough average. It is clearly the most deprived part of Enfield and has the highest crime rate. Satisfaction with the area is as high as for Enfield as a whole with environmental concerns ranking highest.
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Eltham
Coordinates: 51°27′05″N 0°03′06″E / 51.451476°N 0.051773°E / 51.451476; 0.051773
Eltham ( /ˈɛltəm/) is a district of south London, England, located in the Royal Borough of Greenwich. It is situated 8.6 miles (13.8 km) east south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Eltham was originally developed along part of the road from London to Maidstone (Pilgrims' Way) and lies 3 miles (4.8 km) almost due south of Woolwich. Mottingham, to the south, was originally part of the parish, explaining why Eltham College is not actually in Eltham any more.
Eltham was a civil parish of Kent until 1889 when it became part of the County of London and from 1900 formed part of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich. The metropolitan borough was abolished in 1965 and Eltham then became part of the then London Borough of Greenwich.
Eltham today is one of the largest suburban developments in the borough with a population of almost 88,000 people.
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Enfield Town
Coordinates: 51°39′06″N 0°05′01″W / 51.6516°N 0.0837°W / 51.6516; -0.0837
Enfield Town (often referred to as just 'Enfield') is the historic town centre of Enfield, formerly in the county of Middlesex and now in the London Borough of Enfield. It is 10.1 miles (16.3 km) north north-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Historically, Enfield was a collection of small communities spread around the royal hunting grounds of Enfield Chase. At the time of the Domesday Book the area was spelt 'Enefelde', and had a priest who almost certainly resided in St. Andrews Church. By 1572 most of the basic street layout had been completed. The village green later became the historic marketplace between the church and where the fountain now stands. A market is still operated in this area, which is owned by the parish charity. Its name most likely came from Anglo-Saxon Ēanafeld or similar, meaning "open land belonging to a man called Ēana" or "open land for lambs".
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England
Englandi/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
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Erith
Coordinates: 51°28′35″N 0°10′05″E / 51.4763°N 0.1681°E / 51.4763; 0.1681
Erithi/ˈɪərɨθ/ is a district of southeast London on the River Thames. Erith's town centre has undergone a series of modernisations since 1961. Erith is geographically an outer lying area of London, although it is can be seen as having many of the characteristics of the Inner city, namely most residences consisting largely of flats and council blocks, with fewer houses, and shops and other commercial properties interspersed between.
Work at the former British Gypsum site in Church Manorway by the Museum of London Archaeological Service showed that the area had a dense forest of oak, yew and alder during the Neolithic Period, which by the Bronze Age had given way in part to sedge fen.
Their work at the former site of Erith School in Belmont Road revealed the presence of prehistoric settlement, and of a substantial settlement or farmstead dating from the first century.
Following the collapse of Roman rule at the beginning of the 5th Century, Britain was colonised by invaders from northern Europe called the Anglo-Saxons. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle tells us that they won the Battle of Crayford in 457, slaying many men in the process, and shortly after claimed the whole of Kent. Their different way of life was reflected in their pattern of settlement. The town and country estates of the Roman bureaucrats gave way to a network of villages, occupied by warriors and farmers. Erith was one of these villages, and has a Saxon name, thought to have been derived from a word meaning `muddy harbour' or `gravelly landing place'. There was probably a church on the site of the present St John the Baptist church during Roman times and almost certainly a Saxon building. The early settlement was based around this church, meaning that the centre of Erith was once west of its current location.
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Exeter, England
Exeter (i/ˈɛksɨtər/ EK-si-tər) is a historic city in Devon, England. It lies within the ceremonial county of Devon, of which it is the county town as well as the home of Devon County Council. Currently the administrative area has the status of a non-metropolitan district, and is therefore under the administration of the County Council. The city is on the River Exe, about 37 miles (60 km) northeast of Plymouth, and 70 miles (110 km) southwest of Bristol. According to the 2001 Census, its population in that year was 111,076, while the mid-2010 estimate was 119,600.
Exeter was the most south-westerly Roman fortified settlement in Britain. Its Exeter Cathedral, founded in the early 12th century, became Anglican at the time of the 16th century Reformation.
Exeter has been identified as one of the top ten most profitable locations for a business to be based. The city has good transport links, with Exeter St David's railway station, Exeter Central railway station, the M5 motorway and Exeter International Airport connecting the city both nationally and internationally. Although a popular tourist destination, the city is not dominated by tourism.
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Feltham
Coordinates: 51°26′59″N 0°24′32″W / 51.4496°N 0.4089°W / 51.4496; -0.4089
Feltham ( /ˈfɛltəm/) is a town in the London Borough of Hounslow, west London. It is located about 13 miles (21 km) west south west of central London at Charing Cross and 2 miles (3.2 km) from Heathrow Airport Central. It is the location of Feltham Young Offenders' Institution, situated near the town's border with Ashford and the neighbouring village of East Bedfont.
Feltham formed an ancient parish in the Spelthorne hundred of Middlesex. In 1831 it occupied an area of 2,620 acres (11 km2) and had a population of 924. From 1894 to 1904 the Felham parish was included in the Staines Rural District. In 1901 the parish had a population of 4,534 and in 1904 it was split from the rural district to form the Feltham Urban District. In 1932 the parishes of Hanworth and East Bedfont were also transferred from the Staines district to Feltham Urban District. The Urban District of Feltham council was disbanded in 1965, along with the Middlesex County Council. It should be noted, however, that though for administrative purposes the area now falls within the area administered by the Greater London Authority, together with the London Assembly and the Mayor of London, the geographic county of Middlesex was never abolished and many Feltham residents continue to identify their home county as "Middlesex".[citation needed]The London Government Act, which enacted the changes to Middlesex (as well as parts of Hertfordshire and Essex) formed Greater London in 1965, consisting of 32 London boroughs. Feltham, together with Bedfont and Hanworth, form the "West Area" of the London Borough of Hounslow.
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Finchley
Coordinates: 51°35′56″N 0°11′13″W / 51.599°N 0.187°W / 51.599; -0.187
Finchley ( /ˈfɪntʃli/) is a district in Barnet in north London, England. Finchley is on high ground, about 11 km (6.8 mi) north of Charing Cross. It formed an ancient parish in the county of Middlesex, becoming a municipal borough in 1933, and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. It is predominantly a residential suburb, with three town centres.
Finchley probably means Finch's clearing or finches' clearing in late Anglo-Saxon; the name was first recorded in the early 13th century. Finchley is not recorded in the Domesday book, but by the 11th century its lands were already included in those of the Bishop of London. In early medieval period the area was sparsely populated woodland. During the 12th and 13th century proper farming began, and by the 15th and 16th century the woods on the eastern side of the parish were cleared to form Finchley Common. The medieval Great North Road, which ran through the common, was notorious for Highwaymen until the early 19th century.
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Fitzrovia
Coordinates: 51°31′05″N 0°08′10″W / 51.518°N 0.136°W / 51.518; -0.136
Fitzrovia is a neighbourhood in central London, near London's West End lying partly in the London Borough of Camden (in the east) and partly in the City of Westminster (in the west); and situated between Marylebone and Bloomsbury and north of Soho. It is characterised by its mixed-use of residential, business, retail, education and healthcare, with no single activity dominating. The historically bohemian area was once home to such writers as Virginia Woolf, George Bernard Shaw and Arthur Rimbaud.
Although often described as upmarket and home to some celebrities, like much of inner London Fitzrovia has wide disparities of wealth and contains a mix of affluent property owners as well as many private, council and housing association tenants. The neighbourhood is classified as above-averagely deprived.
Fitzrovia is probably named after the Fitzroy Tavern, a public house situated on the corner of Charlotte Street and Windmill Street within the district. The name was adopted during the inter-war years initially by and later in recognition of the artistic and bohemian community habitually found at the public house. (The name Fitzroy derives from the Norman-French for "son of the king", although it usually implies the original holder was the bastard son of a king)
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Forest Gate
Coordinates: 51°33′03″N 0°01′39″E / 51.550832°N 0.02739°E / 51.550832; 0.02739
Forest Gate is a residential area in the London Borough of Newham, 7 miles northeast of Charing Cross. It is bordered by Manor Park to the east and to the west lies Stratford town centre. Forest Gate is 1.5 miles east of Westfield Stratford City and the 2012 Olympic Park. The northern half of the busy Green Street runs through it and from 2018 it will have a Crossrail station.
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Forest Hill, London
Coordinates: 51°26′45″N 0°03′11″W / 51.4457°N 0.053°W / 51.4457; -0.053
Forest Hill is a district of south London, England, located in the London Borough of Lewisham. It situated between Dulwich and Sydenham. The area has enjoyed extensive investment since plans to extend the East London Line to Forest Hill were unveiled in 2004.
Like many London suburbs, Forest Hill was only sparsely populated until the mid-19th century. The name Forest Hill came from 'the forest with a big hill', which was coined by a developer in the 1790s, and referred to the remaining area of Forest on Sydenham Hill which was originally part of the Great North Wood.
A canal, the Croydon Canal, was constructed through the area in 1809 but the large number of locks (28) meant it was not a commercial success, and it was bought by the London & Croydon Railway Company who constructed their railway along the same route, opening it in 1839. The retaining wall of the footpath opposite the station outside the pub is about the only physical evidence of the canal which still exists.
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Fulham
Coordinates: 51°28′36″N 0°12′50″W / 51.4767°N 0.2138°W / 51.4767; -0.2138
Fulham ( /ˈfʊləm/) is an area of southwest London in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, SW6 (the successor to the Metropolitan Borough of Fulham) located 3.7 miles (6.0 km) south west of Charing Cross. It lies on the north bank of the Thames, between Putney and Chelsea. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. Fulham was formerly the seat of the diocese of "Fulham and Gibraltar", and Fulham Palace served as the former official home of the Bishop of London, (now a museum), the grounds of which are now divided between public allotments and an elegant botanical garden.
Having been through many transformations in its history, today it is a green London area within very close reach of many famously extravagant places such as Chelsea and Kensington and this is reflected in the high local house prices. It was included within Savills' 2007 list of "prime" London areas. Two Premier League football clubs, Fulham and Chelsea, are situated in Fulham. The former Lillie Bridge Grounds (which hosted the second FA Cup Final and the first ever amateur boxing matches) was also in Fulham.
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Grand Union Canal
The Grand Union Canal in England is part of the British canal system. Its main line starts in London and ends in Birmingham, stretching for 137 miles (220 km) with 166 locks. It has arms to places including Leicester, Slough, Aylesbury, Wendover and Northampton.
The Grand Union Canal was also the original name for part of what is now part of the Leicester Line of the modern Grand Union: this latter is now generally referred to as the Old Grand Union Canal in order to avoid ambiguity.
With competition from the railways having taken a large share of traffic in the second half of the 19th century, improvements in roads and vehicle technology in the early part of the 20th century meant that the lorry was also becoming a threat to the canals. Tolls had been reduced to compete with the railways, but there was little scope for further reduction. The Regent's Canal and the Grand Junction Canal agreed that amalgamation and modernisation were the only way to remain competitive.
The (present) Grand Union Canal came into being on 1 January 1929, extended in 1932. It was formed from the amalgamation of several different canals:
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Greater London
Greater London is the top-level administrative division of England covering London. It was created in 1965 and spans the City of London and the 32 London boroughs. This territory has the same boundaries as the London Government Office Region and the London European Parliament constituency. The region has by far the highest GVA per capita in the United Kingdom. It covers 1,572 km2 (607 sq mi) and had a 2009 mid-year estimated population of 7,753,600. The term Greater London was in use before 1965 to refer to a variously defined area, larger than the County of London and often similar to the Metropolitan Police District.
In addition to its administrative and statistical functions, Greater London (excluding the City of London) is one of the 48 ceremonial counties of England, and is under the Greater London Lieutenancy.
Instead of forming a single political unit, London is divided into the small, interior City of London and the much wider Greater London. This arrangement has come about because as the area of London grew and absorbed neighbouring settlements, a series of administrative reforms did not fully amalgamate the City of London with the metropolitan area, and its unique political structure was retained. Outside the limited boundaries of the old city, a variety of arrangements governed the wider area since 1855, culminating with the creation of the Greater London administrative area in 1965.
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Greenwich
Coordinates: 51°28′45″N 0°00′00″E / 51.4791°N 0.0000°E / 51.4791; 0.0000
Greenwich (UKi/ɡrɪnɪdʒ/ GRIN-ij; US /ɡrɛnɪtʃ/ GREN-ich or /ɡrɛnɪdʒ/ GREN-ij) is a district of south London, England, located in the Royal Borough of Greenwich and situated 5.5 miles (8.9 km) east south-east of Charing Cross.
Greenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0° longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many in the House of Tudor, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and the Trinity College of Music.
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Grosvenor Bridge
Coordinates: 51°29′05″N 0°08′51″W / 51.48472°N 0.1475°W / 51.48472; -0.1475
Grosvenor Bridge, often alternatively called Victoria Railway Bridge, is a railway bridge over the River Thames in London, between Vauxhall Bridge and Chelsea Bridge. It actually consists of two bridges, both built in the mid-19th century. The eastern side was built by the Victoria Station and Pimlico Railway, (a consortium of the London Brighton and South Coast Railway, the London, Chatham and Dover Railway, the Great Western Railway and the London and North Western Railway) in 1858 to 60 to carry trains into Victoria station; it was the first railway bridge across the Thames in central London. The western side was built by the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway in 1865 to 66 to provide their own independent line to the station. The designers were Sir John Fowler and Sir Charles Fox for the two bridges respectively.
Both bridges were rebuilt in steel in 1963–67, the original piers now being encased in concrete. The designer for this work was Freeman Fox & Partners, and the project engineer was A. H. Cantrell, chief civil engineer of the Southern Region of British Rail. To avoid disrupting traffic, the bridges were re-built as 8 separate parallel bridges.
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Hackney Central
Coordinates: 51°32′36″N 0°03′34″W / 51.543307°N 0.059486°W / 51.543307; -0.059486
Hackney Central is the central district of the London Borough of Hackney in London, England. It comprises the area roughly surrounding, and extending north from Mare Street. It is situated 4 miles (6.4 km) north east of Charing Cross. It is also the name of Hackney Central ward, an electoral division for Hackney Council.
Hackney Central is the area that once would have been known as Hackney Village. This was a place that flourished from the Tudor period, when principal members of the Court had their houses in the surrounding area, and King Henry VIII of England had a palace (located near the modern Lee Bridge Road roundabout). Hackney Central remained a popular resort for Londoners until the end of the Georgian era, when this suburb of London began to be completely built up. Railways, trams and factories brought an end to Hackney's rural atmosphere during the Victorian era, and its fortunes declined.
The industries of nearby Homerton and the Lee Valley have largely disappeared, leaving the NHS and local council as the largest employers. Successive waves of immigrants, both from abroad and within the United Kingdom, make modern Hackney a culturally vibrant part of inner London, with both the benefits and challenges that this brings.
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Hammersmith
Coordinates: 51°29′34″N 0°13′22″W / 51.4928°N 0.2229°W / 51.4928; -0.2229
Hammersmith is an urban centre in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham in west London, England, in the United Kingdom, approximately five miles (eight kilometres) west of Charing Cross on the north bank of the River Thames. One of west London's key transport hubs and commercial and employment centres, and home to several multinational company offices, it is focused on the two London Underground stations, bus station and road network node at Hammersmith Broadway.
It is bordered by Shepherds Bush to the north, Kensington to the east, Fulham to the south and Chiswick to the west, and is linked by Hammersmith Bridge to Barnes in the southwest.
It has for some decades been the main centre of London's Polish minority.
See also: List of districts in Hammersmith and Fulham
Acton, Barnes, Chiswick, Fulham, Shepherds Bush, Kensington, West Kensington
House construction and industrial development flourished.[when?] Major industrial sites included the Osram lamp factory at Brook Green, the J. Lyons factory (which at one time employed 30,000 people) and the largest municipal power station in Britain, built near the gasworks in Sands End.
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Hampstead
Coordinates: 51°33′15″N 0°10′28″W / 51.5541°N 0.1744°W / 51.5541; -0.1744
Hampstead (/ˈhæmpstɪd/ or /-stɛd/), commonly known as Hampstead Village, is an affluent area of London, England, 4 miles (6.4 km) north-west of Charing Cross. Part of the London Borough of Camden in Inner London, it is known for its intellectual, liberal, artistic, musical and literary associations and for Hampstead Heath, a large, hilly expanse of parkland. It has some of the most expensive housing in the London area. The village of Hampstead has more millionaires within its boundaries than any other area of the United Kingdom.
The name comes from the Anglo-Saxon words ham and stede, which means, and is a cognate of, the Modern English "homestead".
Although early records of Hampstead can be found in a grant by King Ethelred the Unready to the monastery of St. Peter’s at Westminster (AD 986) and it is referred to in the Domesday Book (1086), the history of Hampstead is generally traced back to the 17th century. Trustees of the Well started advertising the medicinal qualities of the chalybeate waters (water impregnated with iron) in 1700. Although Hampstead Wells was initially most successful and fashionable, its popularity declined in the 1800s due to competition with other fashionable London spas. The spa was demolished in 1882, although a water fountain was left behind.
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Harrow Road
The Harrow Road is an ancient route in Greater London which runs from Paddington in a northwesterly direction towards the town of Harrow. With minor deviations in the 19th and 20th centuries, the route remains otherwise unaltered. There are dozens of other existing roads throughout the United Kingdom using the same name which do not lead to or from Harrow but merely use the name of the town or, in some cases, a person of that name.
Before urbanisation the entire road was known as the "Harrow Road" but, as various local authorities came into existence and imposed independent numbering schemes and more localised descriptions on the parts of the road within their respective boundaries, the principal name was replaced in a number of places along its course. The current street names (with road numbers) running from Paddington to Harrow are as follows:
Starting at the junction of Harrow Road and Edgware Road at Paddington Green in the current City of Westminster:
At the junction of Ladbroke Grove the road leaves the City of Westminster and forms the boundary between the London Borough of Brent and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea (except for the length between Kensal Green station and the entrance to Kensal Green Cemetery where it is entirely within Brent) until reaching Scrubs Lane where it becomes entirely within the borough of Brent.
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Harrow, London
Coordinates: 51°35′01″N 0°20′47″W / 51.5836°N 0.3464°W / 51.5836; -0.3464
Harrow is an area in the London Borough of Harrow, northwest London, United Kingdom. It is a suburban area and is situated 11 miles northwest of Charing Cross. Harrow was a municipal borough of Middlesex before its inclusion in Greater London in 1965. Harrow is home to a large University of Westminster campus and is widely known for Harrow School, with Harrow County School also located in the area.
The Harrow & Wealdstone Intensification Area is a London Plan (2011) designation which has been adopted by the London Borough of Harrow covering an area comprising Harrow town centre (Metropolitan centre), Wealdstone district centre, land to the east/north/west of the district centre (including the former Kodak site) and Station Road. The Intensification Area is tasked by Harrow's Core Strategy to deliver 2,800 new homes and at least 3,000 new jobs by 2026. The Council is preparaing an Area Action Plan to help co-ordinate development within the Area and it is expected that the Plan will be in place by the end of 2012.
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Heathrow Airport
London Heathrow Airport or Heathrow (IATA: LHR, ICAO: EGLL) is a major airport serving London, England, United Kingdom. Located in the London Borough of Hillingdon, in West London, Heathrow is the busiest airport in the United Kingdom and the third busiest airport in the world (as of 2011) in terms of total passenger traffic, handling more international passengers than any other airport around the globe. It is also the busiest airport in the EU by passenger traffic and the third busiest in Europe given the number of traffic movements, with a figure surpassed only by Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport and Frankfurt Airport. Heathrow is London's main airport, having replaced RAF Northolt, and together with Gatwick, Southend, Stansted, Luton and London City, London is the busiest city airport system in the world by passenger traffic (with 133,666,888 passengers travelling through the five airports); and second only to New York City in terms of traffic movements. The airport sustains 76,600 jobs directly and around 116,000 indirectly in the immediate area, and this, together with the large number of global corporations with offices close to the airport, makes Heathrow a modern aerotropolis which contributes an estimated 2.7% to London's total GVA.
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Hendon
Coordinates: 51°35′01″N 0°13′31″W / 51.5837°N 0.2252°W / 51.5837; -0.2252
Hendon is a London suburb situated 7 miles (11 km) northwest of Charing Cross.
Hendon was historically a civil parish in the county of Middlesex. The manor is described in Domesday (1087), but the name, 'Hendun' meaning 'at the highest hill', is earlier. There is even evidence of Roman settlement discovered by the Hendon and District Archaeological Society and others; an urn burial of a headless child was found in nearby Sunny Hill Park. The Midland Railway and the Great Northern Railways were built through Hendon in the 1860s. There is evidence of problems of wild horses feeding between the tracks. The underground, at Golders Green arrived in 1907. Much of the area developed into a suburb of London and now the area is mostly built up with some countryside in the Mill Hill area, such as the Copthall Playing fields. Hendon big industry was mostly centred on manufacturing, and included motor and aviation works, and developed from the 1880s. In 1931 the civil parish of Edgware was abolished and its area was added to the great civil parish of Hendon.
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Highams Park
Coordinates: 51°36′21″N 0°00′54″W / 51.6059°N 0.0151°W / 51.6059; -0.0151
Highams Park is a district in the London Borough of Waltham Forest, England, adjacent to Epping Forest. The forest at Highams Park contains a boating lake formed by Humphry Repton after damming the River Ching. There are parks and basic shopping facilities such as Budgens, but no major supermarket. Tesco made numerous planning applications to build a store on part of the industrial estate. Initial plans made in 2007 were rejected by then Local Government Secretary Ruth Kelly although a revised planning application was passed in 2009 despite the efforts of some local residents to stop the application going ahead.
Highams Park is a suburban area situated 8.7 miles (14 km) north east of Charing Cross. The Greenwich Meridian Line runs through many of its streets. Traditionally it was part of Walthamstow parish and municipal borough, though most of it is in either the Chingford (E4) or Woodford Green (IG8) postal districts. It is primarily a residential area, with housing consisting of mainly Victorian and 1930s style terraced houses.
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Highbury
Coordinates: 51°33′07″N 0°05′49″W / 51.552°N 0.097°W / 51.552; -0.097
Highbury is a district in the London Borough of Islington.
The area now known as Islington was part of the larger manor of Tolentone, which is mentioned in the Domesday Book. Tolentone was owned by Ranulf brother of Ilger and included all the areas north and east of Canonbury and Holloway Road. The manor house was situated by what is now the east side of Hornsey Road near the junction with Seven Sisters Road. After the manor decayed, a new manor house was built in 1271 (see below) to the south-east; to differentiate it from the original manor and because it was on a hill, it was called Highbury, from which the area takes its name.
The site for Highbury Manor was possibly used by a Roman garrison as a summer camp. During the construction of a new Highbury House in 1781, tiles were found that could have been Roman or Norman; unfortunately these have been lost.
Ownership of Highbury eventually passed to Alicia de Barrow, who in 1271 gave it to the Priory of St John of Jerusalem, also known as the Knights Hospitallers in England. The wealthy Lord Prior built Highbury manor as a substantial stone country lodging with a grange and barn.
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Highgate
Coordinates: 51°34′18″N 0°08′41″W / 51.5716°N 0.1448°W / 51.5716; -0.1448
Highgate ( /ˈhaɪɡeɪt/ or /ˈhaɪɡɨt/) is an area of North London on the north-eastern corner of Hampstead Heath.
Highgate is one of the most expensive London suburbs in which to live. It has an active conservation body, the Highgate Society, to protect its character.
Until late Victorian times it was a distinct village outside London, sitting astride the main road to the north. The area retains many green expanses including the eastern part of Hampstead Heath, three ancient woods,Waterlow Park and the eastern-facing slopes known as Highgate bowl.
At its centre is Highgate village, a collection of largely Georgian shops, pubs, restaurants and residential streets, interspersed with diverse landmarks such as St Michael's Church and steeple, Highgate School (1565), Jacksons Lane arts centre housed in a Grade II listed former church, the Gatehouse inn dating from 1670 and Berthold Lubetkin's 1930s Highpoint buildings. Highgate is also famous for its atmospheric Victorian cemetery in which the communist philosopher Karl Marx is buried.
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Hillingdon
Coordinates: 51°31′58″N 0°27′18″W / 51.5329°N 0.4550°W / 51.5329; -0.4550
Hillingdon is a suburban area within the London Borough of Hillingdon, situated 14.2 miles (22.8 km) west of Charing Cross.
Much of Hillingdon is represented as the Hillingdon East ward within the local authority, Hillingdon Council. In November 2010, the ward had a recorded population of 12,403.
The name Hillingdon appears in the Domesday Book (1086) as Hillendone, possibly meaning "hill of a man named Hille".
Hillingdon was an ancient parish, and had within it the chapelry of Uxbridge, which became a separate civil parish in 1866. Under the Local Government Act 1894, Hillingdon parish was divided in two. Hillingdon West became, with Uxbridge, part of the Uxbridge Urban District; Hillingdon East became part of the Uxbridge Rural District.
Uxbridge Rural District was abolished in 1928, with the East parish being added to Uxbridge Urban District. Both East and West parishes were abolished in 1938 and added to Uxbridge parish. The name was revived in 1965, consequent upon the London Government Act 1963, as the name of the western-most borough of Greater London.
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Holborn
Coordinates: 51°31′02″N 0°07′06″W / 51.5172°N 0.1182°W / 51.5172; -0.1182
Holborn ( /ˈhoʊbərn/ HOH-bərn) is an area of central London and also the name of the area's principal street, known as High Holborn between St. Giles's High Street and Gray's Inn Road (the junction being roughly where Holborn Bar — the entrance to the City of London — once was) and then Holborn Viaduct between Holborn Circus and Newgate Street. The street since boundary changes in 1994 runs along the boundary between the London Borough of Camden and the City of London; previously the boundary was less obvious in the area and crossed the street at Holborn Bar.
The area's first mention is in a charter of Westminster Abbey, by King Edgar, dated to 959. This mentions "the old wooden church of St Andrew" (St Andrew, Holborn). The name Holborn may be derived from the Middle English "hol" for hollow, and bourne, a brook, referring to the River Fleet as it ran through a steep valley to the east. Historical cartographer William Shepherd in his Plan of London about 1300 labels the Fleet as "Hole Bourn" where it passes to the east of St Andrew's church. However, the 16th century historian John Stow attributes the name to the Old Bourne ("old brook"), a small stream which he believed ran into the Fleet at Holborn Bridge, a structure lost when the river was culverted in 1732. The exact course of the stream is uncertain, but according to Stow it started in one of the many small springs near Holborn Bar, the old City toll gate on the summit of Holborn Hill. This is supported by a map of London and Westminster created during the reign of Henry VIII that clearly marks the street as 'Oldbourne' and 'High Oldbourne'. Other historians, however, find the theory implausible, in view of the slope of the land.
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Holloway, London
Coordinates: 51°33′25″N 0°07′02″W / 51.5570°N 0.1173°W / 51.5570; -0.1173
Holloway is an inner-city district in the London Borough of Islington located 3.8 miles (6.1 km) north of Charing Cross and follows for the most part, the line of the Holloway Road (A1 road). At the centre of Holloway is the Nag's Head area. It is home to a very multicultural population and is one of the most densely populated areas of London.
The origins of the name are disputed; some believe that it derives from Hollow, or Hollow way, due to a dip in the road caused by the passage of animals and water erosion, as this was the main cattle driving route from the North into Smithfield. In Lower Holloway, the former Back Road, now Liverpool Road was used to rest and graze the cattle before entering London. Others believe the name derives from Hallow and refers to the road's historic significance as part of the pilgrimage route to Walsingham. No documentary evidence can be found to support either derivation; and by 1307, the name Holwey was applied to the district around the road. The main stretch of Holloway Road runs through the site of the former villages of Tollington and Stroud. The exact time of their founding is not known, but the earliest record of them dates from the Domesday Book. The names ceased to be used by the late 17th Century, but are still preserved in the local place names Tollington Park and Stroud Green.
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Hook, London
Coordinates: 51°21′49″N 0°17′59″W / 51.3635°N 0.2998°W / 51.3635; -0.2998
Hook is a place in south west London, England. It forms part of the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames and is located 13.5 miles (21.7 km) south west of Charing Cross.
Hook was a civil parish which formed part of the Surbiton Urban District of Surrey from 1895. The urban district became a municipal borough in 1936 and in 1965 its former area was transferred to Greater London. The former area of the Hook parish, together with that of the Chessington parish, form a protrusion of Greater London with the Surrey districts of Elmbridge to the west, Mole Valley to the south and Epsom and Ewell to the east.
An RAF barrage balloon depot opened in Hook circa 1938 and was later known as RAF Chessington, latterly used as a hospital until demolished and redeveloped for housing in the 1990s.
Hook forms part of the Chessington post town.
Only three listed homes exist in the entire post town of Chessington, two on Hook Road, just north of Chessington itself on the east side. There the main road has number 325, a 19th-century CE two-storey home featuring central doorway with moulded architrave and bracketed hood with fluted Ionic columns and number 435, inscribed 1669 with later alterations, with 2 part baffle- (or lobby-) entry, spanning 2 storeys whose front has been refaced with brick and which is probably timber-framed behind; its sides and back are weather-boarded and it has a steeply pitched, pantiled roof with central chimney. Many former 18th- and 19th-century houses on this old Kingston-upon-Thames to Dorking and Horsham route have been redeveloped or were destroyed during World War II, including The Blitz, as shown in the street numbering.
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Hornchurch
Coordinates: 51°33′23″N 0°12′46″E / 51.556503°N 0.212812°E / 51.556503; 0.212812
Hornchurch is a large suburban town in England, and part of the London Borough of Havering. Hornchurch is located 15.2 miles (24.5 km) east-northeast of Charing Cross and is one of the locally important district centres identified in the London Plan. It comprises a number of shopping streets and a large residential area. It historically formed a large ancient parish in the county of Essex that became the liberty of Havering. The economic history of Hornchurch is underpinned by a shift away from agriculture to other industries and the growing significance of nearby Romford as a market town and centre of administration. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Hornchurch significantly expanded and increased in population, becoming an urban district in 1926 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. It is the location of Queen's Theatre and Havering Sixth Form College.
Hornchurch is an Anglicised version of the Latin Monasterium Cornutum, a term that was also applied to the mother Abbey in Savoy. The earliest recorded use here was in 1222, meaning "church with horn-like gables" and it was recorded as "Hornechurch" in 1233. The horned bull's head mounted on the eastern end of St Andrew's Church, near the town centre dates from much later, around the 18th Century.
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Hounslow
Coordinates: 51°28′00″N 0°21′03″W / 51.4668°N 0.3507°W / 51.4668; -0.3507
Hounslow is the principal town in the London Borough of Hounslow. It is a suburban development situated 10.6 miles (17 km) west south-west of Charing Cross. It forms a post town in the TW postcode area.
The origin of the name Hounslow is uncertain. It may derive from the Anglo-Saxon Honeslaw (meaning an area of land suitable for hunting), or from a name or description for a mound or hill associated with the pagan Hundi, of Anglo-Saxon times.
Positioned on the Great Western Road, Hounslow was centred around Holy Trinity Priory founded in 1211. The priory developed what had been a small village into a town with regular markets and other facilities for travellers heading to and from London. Although the priory was dissolved in 1539 the town remained an important staging post on the Great Western Road. The adjacent Hounslow Heath that had been used as a military encampment by both Oliver Cromwell and James II developed a reputation as the haunt of highwaymen and footpad.
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Hungerford Bridge
Coordinates: 51°30′22″N 0°07′12″W / 51.50611°N 0.12°W / 51.50611; -0.12
The Hungerford Bridge crosses the River Thames in London, and lies between Waterloo Bridge and Westminster Bridge. It is a steel truss railway bridge—sometimes known as the Charing Cross Bridge—flanked by two more recent, cable-stayed, pedestrian bridges that share the railway bridge's foundation piers, and which are properly named the Golden Jubilee Bridges.[clarification needed]
The north end of the bridge is Charing Cross railway station, and is near Embankment Pier and the Victoria Embankment. The south end is near Waterloo station, County Hall, the Royal Festival Hall, and the London Eye. Each pedestrian bridge has steps and lift access.
The first Hungerford Bridge, designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, opened in 1845 as a suspension footbridge. It was named after the then Hungerford Market, because it went from the South Bank to Hungerford Market on the north side of the Thames.
In 1859 the original bridge was bought by the railway company extending the South Eastern Railway into the newly opened Charing Cross railway station. The railway company replaced the suspension bridge with a structure designed by Sir John Hawkshaw, comprising nine spans made of wrought iron lattice girders, which opened in 1864. The chains from the old bridge were re-used in Bristol's Clifton Suspension Bridge. The original brick pile buttresses of Brunel's footbridge are still in use, though the one on the Charing Cross side is now much closer to the river bank than it was originally, due to the building of the Victoria Embankment, completed in 1870. The buttress on the South Bank side still has the entrances and steps from the original steamer pier Brunel built on to the footbridge.
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Ilford
Coordinates: 51°33′32″N 0°05′08″E / 51.558807°N 0.085459°E / 51.558807; 0.085459
Ilford is a large cosmopolitan town in East London, England and the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Redbridge. It is located 9.1 miles (14.6 km) northeast of Charing Cross and is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. It forms a significant commercial and retail centre surrounded by extensive residential development. Ilford was historically a small rural settlement in the county of Essex and its strategic position on the River Roding and the London to Colchester road caused it to develop as a coaching town. The arrival of the railway in 1839 eventually accelerated that growth and as part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Ilford significantly expanded and increased in population, becoming a municipal borough in 1926 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. The town has since made attempts to raise its profile, and due to its proximity to the Olympic Park in nearby Stratford, Ilford was announced as the fastest-growing tourist destination in Europe in 2011.
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Isle of Dogs
Coordinates: 51°29′19″N 0°01′07″W / 51.488661°N 0.018589°W / 51.488661; -0.018589
The Isle of Dogs is a former island in the East End of London that is bounded on three sides (east, south and west) by one of the largest meanders in the River Thames. It is almost bounded to the north by the South Dock (part of the old West India Docks.) This dock is separated from an inlet of the River Thames by some forty metres of infilled land. Except for this one small separation, access to the Isle of Dogs always necessitates crossing water by bridge or tunnel.
The name Isle of Dogs is first recorded in 1588 (see hereafter), but had been in use for some years before this. Brewer's 1898 Dictionary of Phrase and Fable attributes the name: "So called from being the receptacle of the greyhounds of Edward III. Some say it is a corruption of the Isle of Ducks, and that it is so called in ancient records from the number of wild fowl inhabiting the marshes." Other sources discount this, believing these stories to all derive from the antiquarian John Strype, and believe it might come from one of the following:
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Isleworth
Coordinates: 51°28′00″N 0°20′11″W / 51.4666°N 0.3363°W / 51.4666; -0.3363
Isleworth (pronunciation: /ˈaɪzəlwɜrθ/) is a small town of Saxon origin sited within the London Borough of Hounslow in west London, England. It lies immediately east of the town of Hounslow and west of the River Thames and its tributary the River Crane. Isleworth's original area of settlement, alongside the Thames, is known as 'Old Isleworth'. The north-west corner of the town, bordering on Osterley to the north and Lampton to the west, is known as 'Spring Grove'.
Isleworth's former Thames frontage of approximately one mile, excluding that of the Syon estate, was reduced to little over half a mile in 1994 when a borough boundary realignment was effected in order to unite the district of St Margarets wholly within London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. As a result, Isleworth's boundary with the Thames is now almost entirely overshadowed by the 3.5-hectare (8.6-acre) islet of Isleworth Ait. The River Crane flows into the Thames south of the Ait, and its distributary the Duke of Northumberland's River west of the Ait.
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Islington
Coordinates: 51°32′38″N 0°06′10″W / 51.5440°N 0.1027°W / 51.5440; -0.1027
Islington ( /ˈɪzlɪŋtən/) is a neighbourhood in Greater London, England and forms the central district of the London Borough of Islington. It is a desirable residential district of Inner London, spanning from Islington High Street to Highbury Fields, encompassing the area around the busy Upper Street. The name is often applied to the areas of the borough close to Upper Street such as St Mary's, St Peter's, Barnsbury, and Canonbury, developed in the Georgian era.
Islington grew as a sprawling Middlesex village along the line of the Great North Road, and has provided the name of the modern borough. This gave rise to some confusion, as neighbouring districts may also be said to be in Islington. This district is bounded by Liverpool Road to the west and City Road to the south-east. Its northernmost point is in the area of Canonbury. The main north-south high street, Upper Street splits at Highbury Corner to Holloway Road to the west and St. Paul's Road to the east.
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Kensal Green
Coordinates: 51°31′51″N 0°13′29″W / 51.5308°N 0.2248°W / 51.5308; -0.2248
Kensal Green, also referred to as Kensal Rise is an area of London, England. It is located on the southern edge of the London Borough of Brent and borders the City of Westminster to the East and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea to the South.
Kensal Green is a residential area with good transport links to central London, surrounding districts include Willesden Green to the north, Harlesden to the west, Brondesbury and Queens Park to the east and Ladbroke Grove to the south. The names Kensal Green and Kensal Rise are used somewhat interchangeably by non-residents to denote the same district, although residents differentiate between the areas based on proximity to the local tube and railway stations.
Roughly speaking, the area west of Chamberlayne Road, north of Harrow Road and south of Kensal Rise railway station is considered Kensal Green while that to the east of Chamberlayne Road and north of the station is considered Kensal Rise. These boundaries are by no means fixed however and some residents are known to use both terms with little regard for geographical accuracy. For a 1920s map of what at that time was considered to be Kensal Green, see Brent Council local history.
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Kensington
Coordinates: 51°30′01″N 0°11′27″W / 51.5004°N 0.1909°W / 51.5004; -0.1909
Kensington is a district of west and central London, England within the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. An affluent and densely-populated area, its commercial heart is Kensington High Street, and it contains the well-known museum district of South Kensington.
To the north, Kensington is bordered by Notting Hill; to the east, by Brompton and Knightsbridge; to the south, by Chelsea and Earl's Court; and to the west, by Hammersmith and Shepherd's Bush.
The area is first mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it was written in Latin as "Chenesitone", which has been interpreted to have originally been "Kenesignetun" (Kenesigne's land or meadows) in Anglo-Saxon.
The manor of Kensington, Middlesex, was granted by William I of England to Geoffrey de Montbray or Mowbray, bishop of Coutances, one of his inner circle of advisors and one of the wealthiest men in post-Conquest England. He in turn granted the tenancy of Kensington to his vassal Aubrey de Vere I, who was holding the manor in 1086, according to Domesday Book. The bishop's heir, Robert de Mowbray, rebelled against William Rufus and his vast barony was declared forfeit. Aubrey de Vere I had his tenure converted to a tenancy in-chief, holding Kensington after 1095 directly of the crown. He granted land and church there to Abingdon Abbey at the deathbed request of his young eldest son, Geoffrey. As the Veres became the earls of Oxford, their estate at Kensington came to be known as Earls Court, while the Abingdon lands were called Abbots Kensington and the church St Mary Abbots.
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Kensington Gardens
Kensington Gardens, once the private gardens of Kensington Palace, is one of the Royal Parks of London, lying immediately to the west of Hyde Park. It is shared between the City of Westminster and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. The park covers an area of 111 hectares (275 acres). The open spaces of Kensington Gardens, Hyde Park, Green Park and St. James's Park together form an almost continuous "green lung" in the heart of London between Kensington and Westminster.
Kensington Gardens was carved out of the western section of Hyde Park and designed c.1728-1738 by Henry Wise and Charles Bridgeman, with fashionable features including the Round Pond, formal avenues and a sunken Dutch garden.
Charles Bridgeman created the Serpentine in the 1730s by damming the eastern outflow of the River Westbourne from Hyde Park for Queen Caroline. The part of the Serpentine that lies within Kensington Gardens is known as "The Long Water". At its north-western end (originally the inflow of the River Westbourne) in an area known as "The Italian Garden", there are four fountains and a number of classical sculptures. At the foot of the Italian Gardens is a parish boundary marker, delineating the boundary between Paddington and St George Hanover Square parishes, on the exact centre of the Westbourne river.
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Kentish Town
Coordinates: 51°32′41″N 0°08′45″W / 51.5447°N 0.1459°W / 51.5447; -0.1459
Kentish Town is an area of north west London, England in the London Borough of Camden.
The most widely accepted explanation of the name of Kentish Town[by whom?] is that it derived from 'Ken-ditch' meaning the 'bed of a waterway'. Kentish Town was originally a settlement along the River Fleet which flowed through the area, and today runs underground.
Kentish Town is first recorded during the reign of King John (1207) as kentisston. By 1456 Kentish Town was recognised as a thriving hamlet, and in this period a chapel of ease is recorded as being built for the inhabitants.
The early 19th century brought modernisation, causing much of the area's rural charm, the River Fleet and the 18th century buildings to vanish, although pockets still remain, for example Little Green Street. Between the availability of public transport to it from London, and its urbanisation, it was a popular resort.
Large amounts of land were purchased to build the railway, which can still be seen today. Kentish Town was a prime site for development as the Kentish Town Road was a major route from London northwards. Probably its most famous resident was Karl Marx who lived at 9 Grafton Terrace from 1856.
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Kilburn, London
Coordinates: 51°32′12″N 0°12′14″W / 51.5366°N 0.2039°W / 51.5366; -0.2039
Kilburn is an area of north-west London, England, which is divided between three London Boroughs: most of Kilburn is in Brent or Camden, but a small part is in Westminster. The main thoroughfare running northwest-southeast is Kilburn High Road, part of the modern A5 road which forms the boundary between the boroughs of Brent and Camden. The road dates back to pre-Roman times and is part of the Roman road known as Watling Street. The town of Kilburn has its origins in a 12th century priory on the banks of the Kilburn Brook. Kilburn today is a busy and multicultural London district. It has the highest Irish population of any London area, as well as a large Afro-Caribbean population. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Kilburn High Road originated as an ancient trackway, part of a Celtic route between the settlements now known as Canterbury and St Albans. Under Roman rule, the route was paved. In Anglo-Saxon times the road became known as Watling Street.
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Kingston upon Thames
Coordinates: 51°24′37″N 0°17′58″W / 51.4103°N 0.2995°W / 51.4103; -0.2995
Kingston upon Thames is the principal settlement of the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames in southwest London. It was the ancient market town where Saxon kings were crowned and is now a suburb situated 10 miles (16.1 km) south west of Charing Cross. It is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan.
In 838, it was styled Kyningestun famosa illa locus. In Old English, tun, ton or don meant farmstead – so the name Kingston may have meant farmstead of the kings. Seven Saxon kings are traditionally said to have been crowned at Kingston, while seated on a large stone – The Coronation Stone – that stands outside the Guildhall. There is a local tradition that these Saxon coronations gave Kingston its name, but the records of the 838 council disprove this. Kingston upon Thames appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Chingestone and Chingetun(e).
For much of the 20th century, Kingston was a major military aircraft manufacturing centre specialising in fighter aircraft – first with Sopwith Aviation, H G Hawker Engineering, later Hawker Aircraft, Hawker Siddeley and eventually British Aerospace. The legendary Sopwith Camel, Hawker Fury, Hurricane, Hunter and Harrier were all designed and built in the town and examples of all of these aircraft can be seen today at the nearby Brooklands Museum in Weybridge. Well known aviation personalities Sydney Camm, Harry Hawker and Tommy Sopwith were responsible for much of Kingston's achievements in aviation. British Aerospace finally closed its Lower Ham Road factory in 1992 part of the site was subsequently redeveloped for housing, the river side part of the site remains as a community centre and sports complex. The growth and development of Kingston Polytechnic and its transformation into Kingston University has made Kingston a university town.
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Knightsbridge
Coordinates: 51°30′06″N 0°09′44″W / 51.5017°N 0.1621°W / 51.5017; -0.1621
Knightsbridge is a road which gives its name to an exclusive district in central London. The road runs along the south side of Hyde Park, west from Hyde Park Corner, spanning the City of Westminster and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. Up to Brompton Road, it is a part of the A4 arterial road, while the remainder is part of the A315 road.
The eponymous district comprises the area south of Hyde Park, east of Exhibition Road and west of Sloane Street. Beauchamp Place and the western section of Pont Street serve roughly as its southern border though adjacent gardens and squares such as Lennox Gardens and Cadogan Square can be considered parts of Knightsbridge. South of this area, the district fades into Brompton and Chelsea while Belgravia lies to the East.
Knightsbridge is notable as an ultra-expensive residential area, and for the density of its upmarket retail outlets. It is identified in the London Plan as one of two "international centres" in London, alongside the West End.
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Lambeth
Coordinates: 51°29′25″N 0°07′09″W / 51.4903°N 0.1193°W / 51.4903; -0.1193
Lambeth is a district in South London, England, located in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is situated 1 mile (1.6 km) southeast of Charing Cross.
The name is recorded in 1062 as Lambehitha, meaning 'landing place for lambs', and in 1255 as Lambeth. The name refers to a harbour where lambs were either shipped from or to. It is formed from the Old English 'lamb' and 'hythe.South Lambeth is recorded as Sutlamehethe in 1241 and North Lambeth is recorded in 1319 as North Lamhuth. The marshland in the area, known as Lambeth Marshe, was drained in the 18th century but is remembered in the Lower Marsh street name. Sometime after the opening of Waterloo railway station in 1848 the locality around the station and Lower Marsh became known as Waterloo.
The current district of Lambeth was part of the large ancient parish of Lambeth St Mary in the Brixton hundred of Surrey. It was an elongated north-south parish with a two mile River Thames frontage to the west. In the north it lay opposite the cities of London and Westminster and extended southwards to cover the contemporary districts of Brixton, West Dulwich and West Norwood, almost reaching Crystal Palace. Lambeth became part of the Metropolitan Police District in 1829. It continued as a single parish for Poor Law purposes after the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 and a single parish governed by a vestry after the introduction of the Metropolitan Board of Works in 1855. In 1889 it became part of the county of London and the parish and vestry were reformed in 1900 to become the Metropolitan Borough of Lambeth, governed by Lambeth Borough Council. In the reform of local government in 1965 the Streatham and Clapham areas that had formed part of the Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth were combined with Lambeth to form the London Borough of Lambeth.
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Lambeth Bridge
Coordinates: 51°29′40″N 0°07′23″W / 51.49444°N 0.12306°W / 51.49444; -0.12306
Lambeth Bridge is a road traffic and footbridge crossing the River Thames in an east-west direction in central London, England; the river flows north at the crossing point. Downstream, the next bridge is Westminster Bridge; upstream the next is Vauxhall Bridge.
The most conspicuous colour in the bridge's paint scheme is red, the same colour as the leather benches in the House of Lords which is at the southern end of the Palace of Westminster nearest the bridge. This is in contrast to Westminster Bridge which is predominantly green, the same colour as the benches in the House of Commons at the northern end of the Houses of Parliament.
On the east side, in Lambeth are Lambeth Palace, the Albert Embankment, St. Thomas' Hospital, and the International Maritime Organization. On the west side, in Westminster, are Thames House (the headquarters of MI5), behind which is Horseferry House (the National Probation Service headquarters), and Clelland House and Abell House (the headquarters of HM Prison Service), and the Millbank Tower and Tate Britain. The Palace of Westminster is a short walk downstream to the north through the Victoria Tower Garden.
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Lewisham
Coordinates: 51°27′41″N 0°00′19″W / 51.461456°N 0.00537°W / 51.461456; -0.00537
Lewisham /lˈʊɪʃəm/ is a district in South London, England, located in the London Borough of Lewisham. It is situated 6.2 miles (10.0 km) south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
It is most likely to have been founded by a pagan Jute, Leof, who settled (by burning his boat) near St Mary's Church (Ladywell) where the ground was drier, in the 6th century. As to the etymology of the name, Daniel Lysons (1796) wrote:
"In the most ancient Saxon records this place is called Levesham, that is, the house among the meadows; leswe, læs, læse, or læsew, in the Saxon, signifies a meadow, and ham, a dwelling. It is now written, as well in parochial and other records as in common usage, Lewisham." "Leofshema" was an important settlement at the confluence of the rivers Quaggy (from Farnborough) and Ravensbourne (Caesar's Well, Keston), so the village expanded north into the wetter area as drainage techniques improved. In the mid-seventeenth century, then-vicar of Lewisham, Abraham Colfe, built a grammar school, primary school and six almshouses for the inhabitants. On 5 September 1711 William Legge, the Earl of Dartmouth became the (hereditary) Viscount Lewisham The village of Lewisham was originally centred further south around the parish church of St Mary, towards the present site of University Hospital Lewisham. The centre migrated north with the coming of the North Kent railway line to Dartford in 1849, encouraging commuter housing. Lewisham was administratively part of Kent until 1889, and formed part of the Metropolitan Borough of Lewisham in the County of London until 1965.
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Leyton
Coordinates: 51°33′38″N 0°00′56″W / 51.560558°N 0.015465°W / 51.560558; -0.015465
Leyton is an area of north-east London and part of the London Borough of Waltham Forest, located 6.2 miles (10 km) north east of Charing Cross. It borders Walthamstow and Leytonstone; Stratford in Newham; and Homerton and Lower Clapton in the London Borough of Hackney.
Leyton is in the Lower Lea Valley, the river forming its western boundary, and it straddles the Prime Meridian. The area rises from marshland along the Lea to over 90 feet at Whipps Cross on the southern edge of Epping Forest. It is a dormitory suburb of terraced houses built between 1870 and 1910, interspersed with modern housing estates. Many high-rise council blocks that dominated the skyline have been demolished over the past 15 years.
Paleolithic implements and fossil bones show that early man hunted in Leyton. A Roman cemetery and the foundations of a Roman villa have been found here. From Anglo-Saxon times, Leyton has been part of the County of Essex. The name means "settlement (tun) on the River Lea" and was also known until 1921 as "Low Leyton". In the Domesday Book, the name is rendered as Leintun. at which time the population was 43. The ancient parish church of St Mary the Virgin was largely rebuilt in the 17th Century. The parish of Leyton also included Leytonstone. The old civil parish was formed into an Urban District within Essex in 1894 and it gained the status of Municipal Borough in 1926. In 1965, the Municipal Borough of Leyton was abolished and was combined with that of Walthamstow and Chingford to form the London Borough of Waltham Forest, within the new county of Greater London.
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Lisson Grove
Lisson Grove is a district and also a street of the City of Westminster, London, England located just to the north of the city ring road. There are many landmarks surrounding the area. To the north is Lord's Cricket Ground in St John's Wood. To the west are Paddington and Watling Street. To the east and south east is Marylebone, which includes the railway station and Dorset Square, the original home of the Marylebone Cricket Club. To the east are the London Planetarium, Madame Tussaud's, Baker Street and Regent's Park.
The postal districts are NW1 and NW8.
Nowadays Lisson Grove is much improved section of West London, but for over a hundred years it was one of the capital's worst slums. The area was notorious for drinking, crime and prostitution, as well as the extreme poverty of the people and the squalor and dilapidation of the homes they lived in. Local police officers only patrolled the district in pairs, and they described the women of the area as the most drunken, violent and foul-mouthed in all London.
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London Fire Brigade
The London Fire Brigade (LFB) is the statutory fire and rescue service for London.
Founded in 1865, it is the largest of the fire services in the United Kingdom and the fourth-largest in the world (after the Tokyo Fire Department, New York City Fire Department and Paris Fire Brigade) with nearly 7,000 staff, including 5,800 operational firefighters based in 112 fire stations.
Ron Dobson is the Commissioner for Fire and Emergency Planning, which includes the position of Chief Fire Officer. Dobson replaced Sir Ken Knight in 2007; Knight had been Commissioner since 2003. Statutory responsibility for the running of the LFB lies with the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority.
In 2008/09 the LFB received 229,308 999 calls, of which it mobilised to 138,385. These included 29,215 fires, of which 13,841 were of a serious nature, making it one of the busiest fire services in the world. In the same period, it received 6,022 hoax calls, the highest number of any UK fire service, but only mobilised to 2,653 of them.
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Maida Vale
Coordinates: 51°31′39″N 0°11′24″W / 51.5274°N 0.1899°W / 51.5274; -0.1899
Maida Vale is a residential district comprising the northern part of Paddington in west London, between St John's Wood and Kilburn. It is part of the City of Westminster. The area is mostly residential, and mainly affluent, consisting of many large late Victorian and Edwardian blocks of mansion flats. It is also home to the BBC Maida Vale Studios.
The Maida Vale area is usually regarded as being bounded by Maida Avenue and the Regent’s Canal in the South, Maida Vale road to the north east, Kilburn Park Road to the north west, and Shirland Road and Blomfield Road to the south west. The southern part of Maida Vale around Paddington Basin, a junction of two canals with many houseboats, is known as Little Venice. The area to the south-west of Maida Vale, at the southern end of Elgin Avenue, was historically known as "Maida Hill", and was a recognised postal district bounded by the Avenues on the west, the Grand Union Canal on the south, Maida Vale to the east and Kilburn Lane to the north. Parts of Maida Vale were also included within this. The name of "Maida Hill" has since fallen out of use, although has recently been resurrected through the new 414 bus route (which terminates on Shirland road and states its destination as Maida Hill), and a new street market on the Piazza at the junction of Elgin Avenue and Harrow Road.
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Maidenhead
Coordinates: 51°31′18″N 0°43′04″W / 51.5217°N 0.7177°W / 51.5217; -0.7177
Maidenhead is a town and unparished area within the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead, in Berkshire, England. It lies on the River Thames and is situated 25.7 miles (41.4 km) west of Charing Cross in London.
Maidenhead's name, strictly speaking, refers to the busy riverside area where the "New wharf" or "Maiden Hythe" was built, perhaps as early as Saxon times. It has been suggested that the nearby Great Hill of Taplow was called the "Mai Dun" by the Iron Age Brythons. The area of the town centre was originally known as "South Ellington" and is recorded in the Domesday Book as Ellington in the hundred of Beynhurst.
In 1280, a bridge was erected across the river to replace a ferry in what was then the hamlet of South Ellington. The Great West Road to Reading, Gloucester and Bristol was diverted over the new bridge - previously it kept to the north bank crossed the Thames by ford at Cookham—and mediaeval Maidenhead grew up around it. Within a few years a wharf was constructed next to the bridge and the South Ellington name was dropped with the area becoming known as Maidenhythe (literally meaning "new wharf"). The earliest record of this name change is in the Bray Court manorial rolls of 1296. The bridge led to the growth of Maidenhead: a stopping point for coaches on the journeys between London and Bath and the High Street became populated with inns. The current Maidenhead Bridge, a local landmark, dates from 1777 and was built at a cost of £19,000.
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Marylebone
Coordinates: 51°31′04″N 0°08′49″W / 51.5177°N 0.1470°W / 51.5177; -0.1470
Marylebone (i/ˈmɑrlɨbən/ MAR-li-bən)[citation needed] is an affluent inner-city area of central London, located within the City of Westminster. It is sometimes written as St. Marylebone or Mary-le-bone.
Marylebone is in an area of London that can be roughly defined as bounded by Oxford Street to the south, Marylebone Road to the north, Edgware Road to the west and Great Portland Street to the east. A broader definition designates the historic area as Marylebone Village and encompasses neighbouring Regent's Park, Baker Street and the area immediately north of Marylebone Road, containing Marylebone Station, the original site of the Marylebone Cricket Club at Dorset Square, and the neighbourhood known as Lisson Grove to the border with St John's Wood. The west side of the Fitzrovia area up to Cleveland Street was also previously considered to be part of Marylebone.
Today the area is host to many medical and dental offices, traditionally concentrated in Harley Street. Since the opening of the Jubilee Line at Baker Street station (with its direct links to Canary Wharf), Marylebone – particularly Marylebone Village – has become an even more sought-after area in central London.
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Mayfair
Coordinates: 51°30′32″N 0°08′51″W / 51.508755°N 0.14743°W / 51.508755; -0.14743
Mayfair (originally called The May Fair) is an area of central London, located within the City of Westminster.
Mayfair is named after the annual fortnight-long May Fair that took place on the site that is Shepherd Market today (from 1686 until it was banned in that location in 1764). Until 1686, the May Fair was held in Haymarket, and after 1764, it moved to Fair Field in Bow because the well-to-do residents of the area felt the fair lowered the tone of the neighbourhood.
Mayfair was anciently part of the parish of St Martin in the Fields, and became part of St George Hanover Square in 1724. The new parish stretched to Bond Street in the southern part of Mayfair and almost to Regent Street north of Conduit Street. The northern boundary was Oxford Street and the southern boundary fell short of Piccadilly. The parish continued west of Mayfair into Hyde Park and then south to include Belgravia and other areas.
The old telephone district of MAYfair (later 629) changed east of Bond Street to REGent (later 734). Most of the area was first developed between the mid 17th century and the mid 18th century as a fashionable residential district, by a number of landlords, the most important of them being the Dukes of Westminster, the Grosvenor family. The Rothschild family bought up large areas of Mayfair in the 19th century. The freehold of a large section of Mayfair also belongs to the Crown Estate.
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Middlesex
Middlesex ( /ˈmɪdəlsɛks/; abbreviated Middx) is one of the 39 historic counties of England and the second smallest by area. The low-lying county contained the wealthy and politically independent City of London on its southern boundary and was dominated by it from a very early time. The county was significantly affected by the expansion of the metropolitan area of London in both the 18th and 19th centuries, such that from 1855 the south-east was administered as part of the metropolis. When county councils were initially introduced in England in 1889 about 20% of the area of Middlesex, along with a third of its population, was transferred to the County of London, and the remainder formed a smaller county, in the north-west, under the control of Middlesex County Council.
In the interwar years urban London had further expanded, with increasing suburbanisation, improvement and expansion of public transport, and the setting up of new industries outside the inner London area. After the Second World War, the population of the County of London and inner Middlesex was in steady decline, with new population growth only experienced in the outer suburbs. After a Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London, almost all of the original area was incorporated into an enlarged Greater London in 1965, with small parts transferred to neighbouring Hertfordshire and Surrey. Despite the disappearance of the county council, Middlesex is still used as an area name and was retained as a postal county; which is now an optional component of postal addresses.
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Millbank
Coordinates: 51°29′58″N 0°08′00″W / 51.4995°N 0.1333°W / 51.4995; -0.1333
Millbank is an area of central London in the City of Westminster. Millbank is located by the River Thames, east of Pimlico and south of Westminster. The area derives its name from a mill house belonging to nearby Westminster Abbey.
Millbank's general appearance dates from the 1930s, when the area was extensively rebuilt to repair damage caused by the 1928 Thames flood disaster, following the collapse of a 25 metre-long section of the Thames Embankment.
Millbank shares the name of the main road (A3212) along the north bank of the River Thames, extending northwards from Vauxhall Bridge to Abingdon Street, just south from Parliament Square. There are parliamentary offices situated across this road, notably No.7, built as the headquarters of British American Tobacco. The road was created as part of the Thames Embankment in the mid 19th century and lies above a large interceptor sewer.
The former Royal Army Medical College, situated at Millbank, is the site where the vaccine for typhoid was first developed, and in the late 19th century, was where the world’s first modern prison was established. The listed site has since been renovated as a purpose built arts college for the Chelsea College of Art and Design in 2005. The Tate Britain art gallery is situated directly opposite near the end of Vauxhall Bridge, providing a distinct arts presence in the area.
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Mitcham
Coordinates: 51°24′03″N 0°09′06″W / 51.4009°N 0.1517°W / 51.4009; -0.1517
Mitcham is a district in the south west area of London, in the London Borough of Merton. A suburban area, Mitcham is located on the border of Inner London and Outer London. It is both residentially and financially developed, well served by Transport for London, and home to Mitcham Town Centre, Mitcham Common, Mitcham Library, and Mitcham Cricket Green. Nearby districts include Wimbledon, Streatham, Tooting, Morden and Sutton.
Mitcham is on the east side of the London Borough of Merton and is bounded by the London Borough of Wandsworth, the London Borough of Croydon, the London Borough of Lambeth and the London Borough of Sutton. Mitcham is close to Wimbledon, Croydon, Streatham and Tooting. The River Wandle bounds the town to the southwest. The original village lies in the west, although expansion has pushed the eastern boundary the furthest. Mitcham Common takes up the greater part of the boundary and area to the south.
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Morden
Coordinates: 51°24′05″N 0°11′42″W / 51.4015°N 0.1949°W / 51.4015; -0.1949
Morden is a district in the London Borough of Merton. It is located approximately 8 miles (13 km) South-southwest of central London between Merton Park (to the north), Mitcham (to the east), Sutton (to the south) and Worcester Park (to the west).
Morden might get its name either from the British language words Mawr (great or large) and Dun (a fort), or possibly "The Town on the Moor".
Human activity in Morden dates back to the prehistoric period when Celtic tribes are known to have occupied areas around Wimbledon, but the first significant development in Morden was the construction of the Roman road called Stane Street from Chichester to London.
The route of Stane Street through Morden followed the current A24, London Road up Stonecot Hill from the south west crossing Morden Park to the west of the current dual carriageway road and passing through the pitch and putt golf course and the grounds of St Lawrence's Church. The road then descended the other side of the hill towards the town centre passing west of the Underground station and crossing the north corner of Morden Hall Park heading in the direction of Colliers Wood and Tooting. Small Roman artifacts, mainly coins and pottery, have been found at various locations within the area although there is no evidence of any settlement.
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Muswell Hill
Coordinates: 51°35′31″N 0°08′35″W / 51.592°N 0.143°W / 51.592; -0.143
Muswell Hill is a suburb of north London, mostly in the London Borough of Haringey. It is situated about 6 miles (10 km) north of Charing Cross and around 8 miles (13 km) from the City of London. Muswell Hill is in the N10 postal district and mostly in the Hornsey and Wood Green parliamentary constituency.
The earliest records of Muswell Hill date from the 12th century. The Bishop of London, who was the Lord of the Manor of Harringay, owned the area and granted 65 acres (263,000 m²), located to the east of Colney Hatch Lane, to a newly formed order of nuns. The nuns built a chapel on the site and called it ‘Our Lady of Muswell’.
The name Muswell is believed to come from a natural spring or well (the "Mossy Well"), said to have miraculous properties. The traditional story tells that a Scottish king was cured of disease after drinking the water of the spring/well. The area became a place of pilgrimage for healing during medieval times. The River Moselle, which has its source in Muswell Hill and Highgate, derives its name from this district; it was originally known as the Mosa or Mosella.
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National Gallery
Coordinates: 51°30′31″N 0°07′42″W / 51.5086°N 0.1283°W / 51.5086; -0.1283
The National Gallery is an art museum on Trafalgar Square, London, United Kingdom. Founded in 1824, it houses a collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The gallery is an exempt charity, and a non-departmental public body of the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Its collection belongs to the public of the United Kingdom and entry to the main collection (though not some special exhibitions) is free of charge.
Unlike comparable art museums in continental Europe, the National Gallery was not formed by nationalising an existing royal or princely art collection. It came into being when the British government bought 38 paintings from the heirs of John Julius Angerstein, an insurance broker and patron of the arts, in 1824. After that initial purchase the Gallery was shaped mainly by its early directors, notably Sir Charles Lock Eastlake, and by private donations, which comprise two thirds of the collection. The resulting collection is small in size, compared with many European national galleries, but encyclopaedic in scope; most major developments in Western painting "from Giotto to Cézanne" are represented with important works. It used to be claimed that this was one of the few national galleries that had all its works on permanent exhibition, but this is no longer the case.
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New Cross
Coordinates: 51°28′15″N 0°02′01″W / 51.4709°N 0.0337°W / 51.4709; -0.0337
New Cross is a district and ward of the London Borough of Lewisham, England. It is situated 4 miles south-east of Charing Cross. The ward covered by London post town and the SE 14 postcode district. New Cross is near St Johns, Telegraph Hill, Nunhead, Peckham, Brockley, Deptford and Greenwich. New Cross is home to Goldsmiths, University of London, Haberdashers' Aske's Hatcham College and Addey and Stanhope School.
New Cross Gate, on the west of New Cross, is named after the New Cross tollgate, established in 1718 by the New Cross Turnpike Trust. It is the location of New Cross Gate station. New Cross Gate corresponds to the manor and district formerly known as Hatcham.
The area was originally known as Hatcham (the name persists in the title of the Anglican parishes of St. James, Hatcham along with its school, and All Saints, Hatcham Park). The earliest reference to Hatcham is the Domesday Book of 1086 as Hacheham. It was held by the Bishop of Lisieux from the Bishop of Bayeux. According to the entry in the Domesday Book Hatcham's assets were: 3 hides; 3 ploughs, 6 acres (24,000 m2) of meadow, woodland worth 3 hog and rendered £2.
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New Malden
Coordinates: 51°24′00″N 0°15′07″W / 51.40°N 0.252°W / 51.40; -0.252
New Malden is a small town and shopping centre in the south-western London suburbs, mostly within the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames and partly in the London Borough of Merton, and is situated 9.4 miles (15.1 km) from Charing Cross. Nearby towns are Kingston upon Thames, Raynes Park, Surbiton, Berrylands, Tolworth and Worcester Park.
New Malden was established entirely as a result of the arrival of the railway when what is now called New Malden railway station was opened on 1 December 1846 on the main line from Waterloo. However, when Queen Victoria visited distinguished residents in the Coombe Hill area, the royal train always continued to Norbiton station where the platform was at ground level.
Building started slowly in the area north of the station, gathering pace in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries with two- and three-bedroom terraced houses. Further out are larger detached and semi-detached houses from the 1930s. The road up the hill to Coombe, Traps Lane, is thought to derive from a farm owned by a Mrs Trap.
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Orpington
Coordinates: 51°22′27″N 0°05′55″E / 51.3741°N 0.0986°E / 51.3741; 0.0986
Orpington is a suburban town and electoral ward in the London Borough of Bromley. It forms the southeastern edge of London's urban sprawl and is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Stone Age tools have been found in several areas of Orpington, including Goddington Park, Priory Gardens, the Ramsden estate, and Poverest. Early Bronze Age pottery fragments have been found in the Park Avenue area. During the building of Ramsden Boys School in 1956, the remains of an Iron Age farmstead were excavated. The area was occupied in Roman times, as shown by Crofton Roman Villa, and the Roman bath-house at Fordcroft. The first record of the name Orpington occurs in 1038, when King Cnut's treasurer Eadsy gave land at "Orpedingetune" to the Monastery of Christ Church at Canterbury. The parish church also pre-dates the Domesday Book.
Until the railway came, the local commercial centre was nearby St Mary Cray, rather than Orpington. St Mary Cray had a regular market, and industry (paper mills and bell foundry), whereas Orpington was just a small country village surrounded by soft fruit farms, hopfields and orchards.
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Oxford
Oxfordi/ˈɒksfəd/ is a city in central southern England, the home of the University of Oxford. The city is the county town of Oxfordshire, and forms a district within the county. It has a population of just under 165,000, of whom 153,900 live within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles (80 km) north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames (also sometimes known as the Isis locally) run through Oxford and meet south of the city centre.
Oxford has a diverse economic base. Its industries include motor manufacturing, education, publishing and a large number of information technology and science-based businesses.
Buildings in Oxford demonstrate an example of every English architectural period since the arrival of the Saxons, including the iconic, mid-18th century Radcliffe Camera. Oxford is known as the "city of dreaming spires", a term coined by poet Matthew Arnold in reference to the harmonious architecture of Oxford's university buildings. The University of Oxford is the oldest university in the English-speaking world.
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Paddington
Coordinates: 51°31′02″N 0°10′23″W / 51.5172°N 0.1730°W / 51.5172; -0.1730
Paddington is a district within the City of Westminster, in central London, England. Formerly a metropolitan borough, it was integrated with Westminster and Greater London in 1965. Three important landmarks of the district are Paddington station, designed by the celebrated engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel and opened in 1847; St Mary's Hospital and Paddington Green Police Station (the most important high-security police station in the United Kingdom).
A major project called Paddington Waterside aims to regenerate former railway and canal land between 1998 and 2018, and the area is seeing many new developments.
The earliest extant reference to Padington, historically a part of Middlesex, was made in 1056.[citation needed]
In the later Elizabethan and early Stuart era, the rectory and associated estate houses were occupied by the Small (or Smale) family. Nicholas Small was a clothworker sufficiently well connected to have his new wife's (Jane Small) portrait painted by Holbein. Nicholas died in 1565 and his wife married again, to Nicholas Parkinson, who also resided in Paddington. Parkinson went on to be the Master of the Clothworker's company. Jane Small continued to live in Paddington after her second husband's death, and her manor house was big enough to have been let to Sir John Popham, the attorney general, in the 1580s. At this time there was an inn attached to the estate, named Blowers.
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Paddington Basin
Paddington Basin is an area of Paddington, London named after the nearby canal basin.
The junction of the Regent's Canal and the Grand Junction Canal is close to this point but the basin itself is the terminus of the Paddington Arm of the Grand Junction Canal. It was opened in 1801. Paddington was chosen because of its position on the New Road which led to the east, providing for onward transport. In its heyday, the basin was a major transshipment facility, and a hive of activity.
A consortium in partnership with British Waterways began work in January 2000 by draining the basin.
The basin is now the centre of a major redevelopment as part of the wider Paddington Waterside scheme and is surrounded by modern buildings. It is the site of The Rolling Bridge, built in 2004.
Marks & Spencer Head Office is now located here after moving from their Baker Street site in 2004.
The nearest London Underground stations are Edgware Road and Paddington, the latter also being served by National Rail.
Coordinates: 51°31′06″N 0°10′25″W / 51.518471°N 0.17355°W / 51.518471; -0.17355
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Paddington Waterside
The Paddington Waterside Partnership is the body coordinating regeneration of the Paddington Special Policy Area around Paddington Station in London. The project covers an area almost the size of the Soho, creating of about 10,000,000 square feet (930,000 m2) of space between 1998 and 2018.
It consists of 13 individual projects in the triangle of land between Praed Street, Westbourne Terrace and the A40 Westway, most notably PaddingtonCentral and Paddington Basin. The Independent has described it as "the largest central London redevelopment scheme since the Second World War".
The Paddington Arm of the Grand Junction Canal opened on 10 July 1801, linking Paddington to the Bull's Bridge junction near the future site of Heathrow Airport. The Grand Junction (now part of the Grand Union Canal) was the final link in a chain of canals that reduced the distance from London to Birmingham from 269.5 miles (434 km) in 1789 to 138.5 miles (223 km) in 1805; terminating the canal at Paddington gave easy access to main roads into London and the level route meant no locks were needed on its 13.5-mile (22 km) length. In contrast the Regent's Canal needed 12 locks for the 86-foot (26 m) descent from Paddington to the Thames at Limehouse.
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Peckham
Coordinates: 51°28′17″N 0°03′45″W / 51.4714°N 0.0625°W / 51.4714; -0.0625
Peckham ( /ˈpɛkəm/) is a district in south London, England, located in the London Borough of Southwark. It is situated 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. The 2001 Census recorded a population of 11,381 in the Peckham ward of Southwark and the Office for National Statistics estimated 19,500 residents in the Peckham Community Council area in 2005.
'Peckham' is a Saxon place name meaning the village of the River Peck, a small stream that ran through the district until it was enclosed in 1823. Archaeological evidence indicates earlier Roman occupation in the area, although the name of this settlement is lost.
Peckham appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Pecheham. It was held by the Bishop of Lisieux from the Bishop of Bayeux. Its Domesday assets were: 2 hides. It had land for 1 plough, 2 acres (8,100 m2) of meadow. It rendered £1 10s 0d (£1.50).
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Penge
Coordinates: 51°25′03″N 0°03′53″W / 51.4174°N 0.0648°W / 51.4174; -0.0648
Penge is a suburb of London in the London Borough of Bromley. It is located 7.1 miles (11.4 km) south east of Charing Cross.
Penge was once a small town, which was recorded under the name Penceat in a Saxon deed dating from 957. Most historians believe the name of the town is derived from the Celtic word Penceat which means "edge of wood" and refers to the fact that the surrounding area was once covered in a dense forest. The original Celtic words of which the name was composed referred to pen "head", as in the Welsh pen, and ceat "wood", similar to the Welsh coed, as in the name of the town of Pencoed in Wales.
Penge formed a part of the parish of Battersea, with the historic county boundary between Kent and Surrey forming its eastern boundary. In 1855 both parts of the parish were included in the area of the Metropolitan Board of Works, with Penge Hamlet Vestry electing six members to the Lewisham District Board of Works. The Local Government Act 1888 abolished the Metropolitan Board, with its area becoming the County of London. However the London Government Act 1899 subsequently made provision for Penge to be removed from the County of London and annexed to either Surrey or Kent. Accordingly, an Order in Council transferred the hamlet to Kent in 1900, constituting it as Penge Urban District. The urban district was abolished in 1965 by the London Government Act 1963, and its former area merged with that of other districts to form the London Borough of Bromley. With the creation of the Penge Urban District, Penge New Road (formerly the part of Beckenham Road north of Kent House Road) was renamed Penge High Street.
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Pimlico
Coordinates: 51°29′19″N 0°08′22″W / 51.4887°N 0.1395°W / 51.4887; -0.1395
Pimlico /ˈpɪmlɨkoʊ/ is a small area of central London in the City of Westminster. Like Belgravia, to which it was built as a southern extension, Pimlico is known for its grand garden squares and impressive Regency architecture.
The area is separated from Belgravia to the north by Victoria Railway Station, and bounded by the River Thames to the south, Vauxhall Bridge Road to the east and the former Grosvenor Canal to the west.
At Pimlico's heart is a highly disciplined grid of residential streets laid down by the planner Thomas Cubitt beginning in 1825 and now protected as the Pimlico Conservation Area. Pimlico is also home to the pre-World War II Dolphin Square development and the pioneering Churchill Gardens and Lillington Gardens estates, now designated conservation areas in their own right. The area has over 350 Grade II listed buildings and several Grade II* listed Churches.
Notable residents have included politician Winston Churchill, designer Laura Ashley, philosopher Swami Vivekananda, actor Laurence Olivier, illustrator and author Aubrey Beardsley, Kenyan nationalist Jomo Kenyatta and inventor of lawn tennis Major Walter Wingfield.
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Pimlico tube station
Pimlico is a London Underground station in Pimlico, City of Westminster. It is on the Victoria line between Victoria and Vauxhall in Zone 1. The station opened on 14 September 1972 more than a year after the rest of the line had become fully operational.
Pimlico station was a late addition to the final section of the Victoria line between Victoria and Brixton and is the only station on the line which does not have an interchange with another Underground and/or National Rail line. It was the last Underground station to open until the first section of the Piccadilly line's Heathrow extension was opened to Hatton Cross in 1975.
The main entrance is on the corner of Bessborough Street and Rampayne Street. It is part of an office block that until 2006 was entirely occupied by the Office for National Statistics apart from the station and a newsagents shop. There are two other entrances, in Lupus Street and on the other side of Bessborough Street. These others have ramps as well as stairs, facilitating wheelchair access. However, there are still a few steps to walk down to enter the ticket hall.
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Pinner
Coordinates: 51°35′36″N 0°23′22″W / 51.5932°N 0.3894°W / 51.5932; -0.3894
Pinner is a suburb in the London Borough of Harrow in London, England, 12.2 miles north west of Charing Cross.
Pinner was originally a hamlet, first recorded in 1231 as Pinnora, although the already archaic -ora (meaning 'hill') suggests its origins lie no later than c.900.
The area was in the county of Middlesex until 1965, when it was absorbed by the London Government Act 1963 into Greater London.
The oldest part of the village lies around the fourteenth-century parish church of St John the Baptist, at the junction of the present day Grange Gardens, The High Street and Church Lane. The earliest surviving private dwelling, East End Farm Cottage, dates from the late fifteenth-century.
The village expanded rapidly between 1923 and 1939 when a series of garden estates – encouraged by the Metropolitan Railway – grew around its historic core, and it was largely from this time onwards that the area (including Hatch End, which forms the northeastern part of Pinner) assumed much of its present-day suburban character. The area is now continuous with neighbouring suburban districts including Rayners Lane and Eastcote.
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Plymouth
Plymouthi/ˈplɪməθ/ is a city and unitary authority area on the south coast of Devon, England, about 190 miles (310 km) south-west of London. It is situated between the mouths of the rivers Plym to the east and Tamar to the west, where they join Plymouth Sound. Since 1967, the City of Plymouth has included the suburbs of Plympton and Plymstock, which are on the east side of the River Plym.
Plymouth's history goes back to the Bronze Age, when its first settlement grew at Mount Batten. This settlement continued to grow as a trading post for the Roman Empire, until the more prosperous village of Sutton, the current Plymouth, surpassed it. In 1620, the Pilgrim Fathers left Plymouth for the New World and established Plymouth Colony – the second English settlement in what is now the United States of America. During the English Civil War the town was held by the Parliamentarians and was besieged between 1642 and 1646.
Throughout the Industrial Revolution, Plymouth grew as a major commercial shipping port, handling imports and passengers from the Americas, while the neighbouring town of Devonport grew as an important Royal Naval shipbuilding and dockyard town. In 1914 the three neighbouring and independent towns, viz., the county borough of Plymouth, the county borough of Devonport, and the urban district of East Stonehouse were merged to form a single County Borough. The new, merged town took the name of Plymouth which, in 1928, achieved city status. The city's naval importance later led to its targeting and partial destruction during World War II, an act known as the Plymouth Blitz. After the war the city centre was completely rebuilt.
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Poplar, London
Coordinates: 51°30′24″N 0°01′04″W / 51.5066°N 0.0178°W / 51.5066; -0.0178
Poplar is a historic, mainly residential area of the East London in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is about 5.5 miles (8.9 km) east of Charing Cross. Historically a hamlet in the parish of Stepney, Middlesex, in 1817 Poplar became a civil parish. In 1855 the Poplar District of the Metropolis was formed, which also included Bromley and Bow. The district became the Metropolitan Borough of Poplar in 1900 which was abolished in 1965. The district centre is Chrisp Street Market. Poplar contains notable examples of public housing including the Lansbury Estate and Balfron Tower.
Architecturally it is a mixture of 18th and 19th century terraced houses and 20th century council estates. There is evidence the district is undergoing gentrification, thought to be due to its close proximity to the major business centre of Canary Wharf and nightlife of Shoreditch and Brick Lane.
St Matthias Old Church is located on Poplar High Street, opposite Tower Hamlets College. It is next to Poplar Town Hall – which has mosaic detail – and Poplar Bowls Club, which is part of Poplar Recreation Ground. A recently re-opened sports centre called The Workhouse stands on the site of Poplar Workhouse, where local politician Will Crooks spent some of his earliest years (a nearby council housing estate is named after him).
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Praed Street
Coordinates: 51°31′1.2″N 0°10′23″W / 51.517°N 0.17306°W / 51.517; -0.17306
Praed Street (pronounced 'prayed', rhymes with 'laid') is a street in London's Paddington district (now part of the City of Westminster), most notable for the fact that Paddington Station is situated on it. It runs straight in a west-south-westerly direction from Edgware Road to Craven Road, Spring Street and Eastbourne Terrace.
Praed Street was originally laid out in the early 19th century, being built up in 1828. It was named after William Praed, chairman of the company which built the canal basin which lies just to the north.
In 1893 plans were put forward by the Edgware Road and Victoria Railway company to build an underground railway along the Edgware Road which included the construction of a Tube station at Praed Street. The scheme was rejected by Parliament and the line was never built.
On the northern side of the street are Paddington Station and the Great Western Hotel, the Royal Mail Western depot, and St Mary's Hospital. The southern side is predominantly retail but includes the frontage for Paddington Underground (District and Circle line) station. At the far eastern end, on the north side, is a prominent 1980s extension to the Hilton London Metropole Hotel.
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Putney
Coordinates: 51°27′54″N 0°13′16″W / 51.4649°N 0.2211°W / 51.4649; -0.2211
Putney is a district in south-west London, England, located in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It is situated 5.1 miles (8.2 km) south-west of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Putney was an ancient parish in the Brixton hundred of the county of Surrey. In 1855 the parish was included in the area of responsibility of the Metropolitan Board of Works and was grouped into the Wandsworth District. In 1889 the area was removed from Surrey and became part of the County of London. The Wandsworth District became the Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth in 1900. Since 1965 Putney has formed part of the London Borough of Wandsworth in Greater London.
Putney appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Putelei. It was noted that it was not a manor, but obtained 20 shillings from the ferry or market toll at Putney belonging to Mortlake.
The ferry was mentioned in the household accounts of Edward I (1272–1307): Robert the Ferryman of Putney and other sailors received 3/6d for carrying a great part of the royal family across the Thames and also for taking the king and his family to Westminster.
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Queen's Park, London
Coordinates: 51°32′02″N 0°12′09″W / 51.5338°N 0.2026°W / 51.5338; -0.2026
Queen's Park is an area of northwest London, England, located on the boundary between the London Borough of Brent and the City of Westminster.
The neighbourhood near Kensal Green was developed from 1875 and was named to honour Queen Victoria. The open space opened in 1887, located to the north, also shares the name.
Queen's Park formed a detached part of the parish of Chelsea. In 1900 it was united with the parish of Paddington.
The northern half of Queen's Park was developed by developer Solomon Barnett, who developed much of Kilburn. The two-story terraced houses east of the park, developed between 1895 and 1900, typically have clean, classical lines. Those west of the park, developed between 1900 and 1905, tend to be more Gothic in style. Barnett's wife was from the West Country, and many of the roads he developed are named either for places she knew (e.g. Torbay, Tiverton. Honiton) or popular poets of the time (e.g. Tennyson). The first occupants of the area in late Victorian times were typically lower middle class clerical workers, school-teachers, insurance company employees and bank clerks.
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Richmond, London
Coordinates: 51°27′22″N 0°18′04″W / 51.456°N 0.301°W / 51.456; -0.301
Richmond is a town in south west London, England and is part of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. It is located 8.2 miles (13.2 km) west-southwest of Charing Cross.
The founding and naming of Richmond followed the Tudor building of Richmond Palace early in the 16th century. During this era the town was particularly associated with Elizabeth I. The development of Richmond as a London suburb then began with the opening of the railway station in 1846. It was formerly part of the ancient parish of Kingston upon Thames in the county of Surrey and it became a municipal borough in 1890 that was enlarged in 1892 and 1933. It has formed part of Greater London since 1965.
Richmond is a much sought after residential location, and among the most wealthy areas in the United Kingdom. It is also a significant commercial and upmarket retail centre, and has a developed day and evening economy. The town is located on a meander of the River Thames, with a large number of parks and open spaces, including Richmond Park, and many protected conservation areas. Richmond is noted for its high quality of life, as well as its affluence, and has been assessed as one of the happiest places in which to live in the UK.
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Romford
Coordinates: 51°34′36″N 0°10′48″E / 51.5768°N 0.1801°E / 51.5768; 0.1801
Romford is a large suburban town in northeast London, England and the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Havering. It is located 14.1 miles (22.7 km) northeast of Charing Cross and is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. It was historically a market town in the county of Essex and formed the administrative centre of the liberty of Havering, until it was dissolved in 1892. Good road links and the opening of the railway station in 1839 were key to the development of the town and the economic history of Romford is underpinned by a shift from agriculture to light industry and more recently to retail and commerce. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Romford significantly expanded and increased in population,becoming a municipal borough in 1937 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. It now forms one of the largest commercial, retail, entertainment and leisure districts outside central London and has a developed night time economy.
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Ruislip
Coordinates: 51°34′34″N 0°25′59″W / 51.576°N 0.433°W / 51.576; -0.433
Ruislip ( /ˈraɪslɪp/ RY-slip) is a suburban area, centred on an old village in Greater London, and is part of the London Borough of Hillingdon.
It was formerly also a parish covering the neighbouring areas of Eastcote, Northwood, Ruislip Manor and South Ruislip in the area. The parish appears in the Domesday Book, and some of the earliest settlements still exist today, designated as local heritage sites. The parish church, St Martin's, dates back to the 13th century and remains in use. The buildings at the northern end of Ruislip High Street form the core of the original village square and are now Grade II listed. It originally featured a central water pump which was moved out of the road in the 1970s as a result of increased traffic.
The expansion of the Metropolitan Railway in the early 20th century acted as a catalyst for development in the area. A station was opened in Ruislip in 1904 and the parish council created a new urban district to address the forthcoming population growth. The Ruislip-Northwood Urban District continued until 1965 when Ruislip became part of the newly established London Borough of Hillingdon. Between 1911 and 1961, Ruislip-Northwood experienced a significant rise in population, from 6,217 to 72,791, largely attributed to the extension of the railway.
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Seven Dials, London
Seven Dials is a small but well-known road junction in the West End of London in Covent Garden where seven streets converge. At the centre of the roughly-circular space is a pillar bearing six (not seven) sundials, a result of the pillar being commissioned before a late stage alteration of the plans from an original six roads.
The term also refers informally to the immediate surrounding area.
The landed estate belongs to the Worshipful Company of Mercers which allowed building licences on what was open farmland to maximise their income in what was the burgeoning West End of the developing metropolitan area. The original layout of the Seven Dials area was designed by Thomas Neale in the early 1690s. The original plan had six roads converging, although this was later increased to seven. The sundial pillar was built with only six faces, however, probably because of the original design. This number of roads was chosen in order to maximise the number of houses that could be built on the site.
Following the successful development of the fashionable Covent Garden Piazza area nearby, Neale aimed for the Seven Dials site to be popular with well-off residents. This was not to be, however, and the area gradually deteriorated. At one stage, each of the seven apexes facing the column housed a pub. By the nineteenth century, Seven Dials had become one of the most notorious slums in London, being part of the rookery of St Giles. The area was described colourfully by Charles Dickens in his collection Sketches by Boz, which includes the quote:
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Shepherd's Bush
Coordinates: 51°30′15″N 0°13′15″W / 51.5042°N 0.2207°W / 51.5042; -0.2207
Shepherd's Bush (also Shepherds Bush) is an area of west London in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, situated 4.9 miles (7.9 km) west of Charing Cross. Although it is primarily residential in character, its focus is the shopping area of Shepherds Bush Green, the north side of which is home to the Westfield shopping centre, the largest urban shopping centre in Europe. The south side also has a smaller shopping centre, West 12, with a supermarket, cinema and gym. The main thoroughfares are Uxbridge Road, Goldhawk Road and Askew Road, all containing a large number of small and mostly independent shops, pubs and restaurants. Loftus Road in Shepherd's Bush is home to Queens Park Rangers.
It is bordered by Hammersmith to the south/south-west, Brook Green to the south/south-east, Holland Park (and then Notting Hill) to the east, Willesden and Harlesden to the north and by Acton and Chiswick to the west.
The area's focal point is Shepherd's Bush Green (also known as Shepherds Bush Common), an approximately 8-acre (3.2 ha) triangular area of open grass surrounded by trees and roads with shops, with Westfield at its north western apex.
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Shoreditch
Coordinates: 51°31′34″N 0°04′41″W / 51.526°N 0.078°W / 51.526; -0.078
Shoreditch is an area of London within the London Borough of Hackney in England. It is a built-up part of the inner city immediately to the north of the City of London, located 2.5 miles (4.0 km) east-northeast of Charing Cross.
The etymology of 'Shoreditch' is debated. One legend holds that the place was originally named "Shore's Ditch", after Jane Shore, the mistress of Edward IV, who is supposed to have died or been buried in a ditch in the area. This legend is commemorated today by a large painting, at Haggerston Branch Library, of Jane Shore being retrieved from the ditch, and by a design on glazed tiles in a shop in Shoreditch High Street showing her meeting Edward IV.
However, the area was known as "Soersditch" long before Jane Shore's life. A more plausible origin for the name is "Sewer Ditch", in reference to a drain or watercourse in what was once a boggy area. It may have referred to the headwaters of the river Walbrook, which rose in the Curtain Road area.
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Sidcup
Coordinates: 51°25′35″N 0°06′09″E / 51.4263°N 0.1024°E / 51.4263; 0.1024
Sidcup is a district in South East London in the London Borough of Bexley and small parts of the district in the Royal Borough of Greenwich.Located 11.3 miles (18.2 km) south east of Charing Cross, Sidcup is bordered by the London Boroughs of Greenwich and Bromley and Kent County Council, and whilst now part of Greater London, was once referred to as the gateway to Kent. Sidcup retains Kent as its county reference, (much like most of Outer London with the other Home counties, although small parts of Sidcup correspond with the London postal address such as SE9.
Sidcup has a mixture of large Victorian and Edwardian properties alongside typical 1930s suburbia, primarily owner occupied semi-detached and detached housing. It retains many parks and open spaces hinting at the great estates and large homes which once stood in the area.
The town contains a major hospital, a recently opened sports and leisure centre, as well as two colleges (Bird College and Rose Bruford College). The town centre has a mix of high street stores, independent shops, a modern library, coffee shops, and several pubs. A Waitrose store and Travelodge (budget motel) are due to open in the town in mid 2012, on the site of a former pub, the Black Horse. Sidcup contains a number of districts, some of them once villages in their own right - Blackfen, Foots Cray, Longlands, and Lamorbey.
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Slough
Coordinates: 51°30′36″N 0°35′35″W / 51.51°N 0.593056°W / 51.51; -0.593056
Sloughi/ˈslaʊ/ is a borough and unitary authority within the ceremonial county of Royal Berkshire, England. The town straddles the A4 Bath Road (it becomes the Great West Road closer to London) and the Great Western Main Line, 22 miles (35 km) west of central London. At the 2001 census, the population of Slough was 119,070 (est. 122,000 in 2006) and the borough area was the most ethnically diverse local authority area outside London in the United Kingdom. Slough has the highest proportion of religious adherents in England.
Historically, the larger part of the present-day Slough area was formerly in Buckinghamshire with a small part of the borough originally in Middlesex. Slough is home to the Slough Trading Estate, which, coupled with extensive transport links, makes it an important business centre in South East England. It is the largest industrial estate in single private ownership in Europe.
Slough is at grid reference SU978797, just west of Greater London. Nearby towns are Windsor to the south, Maidenhead to the west, Uxbridge to the northeast and Beaconsfield to the north.
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Soho
Coordinates: 51°30′47″N 0°07′52″W / 51.513°N 0.131°W / 51.513; -0.131
Soho is an area of the City of Westminster and part of the West End of London. Long established as an entertainment district, for much of the 20th century Soho had a reputation for sex shops as well as night life and film industry. Since the early 1980s, the area has undergone considerable transformation. It now is predominantly a fashionable district of upmarket restaurants and media offices, with only a small remnant of sex industry venues.
The area of Soho was grazing farmland until 1536, when it was taken by Henry VIII as a royal park for the Palace of Whitehall. The name "Soho" first appears in the 17th century. Most authorities believe that the name derives from a former hunting cry. The Duke of Monmouth used "soho" as a rallying call for his men at the Battle of Sedgemoor, half a century after the name was first used for this area of London.
In the 1660s the Crown granted Soho Fields to Henry Jermyn, 1st Earl of St Albans. He leased 19 of its 22 acres (89,000 m2) to Joseph Girle, who gained permission to build and promptly passed his lease and licence to bricklayer Richard Frith in 1677. Frith began the development. In 1698 William III granted the Crown freehold of most of this area to William, Earl of Portland. Meanwhile the southern part of what became the parish of St. Anne, Soho, was sold by the Crown in parcels in the 16th and 17th centuries, with part going to Robert Sidney, Earl of Leicester.
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South Norwood
Coordinates: 51°23′58″N 0°04′29″W / 51.3995°N 0.0747°W / 51.3995; -0.0747
South Norwood is an urban town and in south London, England, in the London Borough of Croydon. It is a suburban development 7.8 miles (12.5 km) south-east of Charing Cross. South Norwood is an electoral with a resident population in 2001 of just over 14,000. A tributary of the River Wandle, which rises in Merton, ends in South Norwood.
The south-eastern side of the town is dominated by the 125-acre (0.51 km2) country park which opened in 1989. At the other northern end of the town is South Norwood Lake, which was created after the reservoir for the unsuccessful Croydon Canal went out of use. It is used by the Croydon Sailing Club and local anglers who fish for carp, bream and perch.
Together with Norwood New Town, it forms the ward of South Norwood in the local authority of Croydon. There are two secondary schools in the area along with a public leisure centre. The town has a high street which forms part of Selhurst Road which includes a number of banks, estate agents and a coffee house. It is a commuter town, with many residents travelling to either the financial and insurance districts of Croydon or the City of London for employment via the large railway station. The town and surrounding areas are covered by the London SE25 postcode.
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South Wales
South Wales (Welsh: De Cymru) is an area of Wales bordered by England and the Bristol Channel to the east and south, and Mid Wales and West Wales to the north and west. The most densely populated region in the south-west of the United Kingdom, it is home to around 2.1 million people and includes the capital city of Cardiff (population approximately 324,800), as well as Swansea and Newport. The Brecon Beacons national park covers about a third of South Wales, containing Pen y Fan, the highest mountain south of Snowdonia.
The extent of South Wales is loosely defined, but it is generally considered to be the area surrounding the M4 motorway, including the historic counties of Glamorganshire and Monmouthshire and sometimes extending westwards to include south Carmarthenshire and south Pembrokeshire. In the western extent, from Swansea westwards, local people would probably recognise that they lived in both South Wales and in West Wales — there is considerable overlap in these somewhat artificial boundaries. The northern border is particularly ill-defined, but the A40 may be a good approximation whilst others consider the more southerly Heads of the Valleys Road as the boundary.
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Southall
Coordinates: 51°30′44″N 0°22′40″W / 51.5121°N 0.3779°W / 51.5121; -0.3779
Southall is a large suburban district of west London, England, and part of the London Borough of Ealing. It is situated 10.7 miles (17.2 km) west of Charing Cross. Neighbouring places include Yeading, Hayes, Hanwell, Heston, Hounslow, Greenford and Northolt. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Southall is located on the Grand Union Canal (formerly the Grand Junction Canal) which first linked London with the rest of the growing canal system. It was one of the last canals to carry significant commercial traffic (through the 1950s) and is still open to traffic and is used by pleasure craft.
The town has one of the largest concentrations of South Asian people outside of the Indian sub-continent.
The name Southall derives from the Anglo-Saxon dative æt súð healum, "At the south corner (of the land or wood)" and súð heal, "South corner" and separates it from Northolt which was originally norþ heal, "North corner" which through a later association with Anglo-Saxon holt, "Wood, copse" developed into Northolt.[citation needed]
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Southgate, London
Coordinates: 51°37′54″N 0°07′35″W / 51.6316°N 0.1265°W / 51.6316; -0.1265
Southgate is an area of north London, England, primarily within the London Borough of Enfield, although parts of its western fringes lie within the London Borough of Barnet. It is located around 8 miles (12.9 km) north of Charing Cross, in the county of Middlesex. The name is derived from being the south gate to Enfield Chase.
Within the area is the famous circular Southgate tube station and a variety of shops and restaurants. It also has several large green parks such as Grovelands Park which covers ninety-two arces and contains a beautiful boating-lake of seven acres adjoining dense woods and bracken. In Waterfall Road is Christ Church, a building of stone which has a tower and spire and was built in 1862 by Sir Gilbert Scott, In the grounds stands the Minchenden Oak, said to be the largest oak tree in England, and perhaps 800 years old.
Southgate tube station on the Piccadilly Line is the nearest tube station to most of Southgate's residential area. The other stations are at Oakwood (to the north) or Arnos Grove (to the south west).
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Southwark
Coordinates: 51°29′56″N 0°05′24″W / 51.4988°N 0.0901°W / 51.4988; -0.0901
Southwark (pronounced /ˈsʌðərk/ SUDH-ərk) is a district of south London, England, and the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Southwark. Situated 1.5 miles (2.4 km) east of Charing Cross, it forms one of the oldest parts of London and fronts the River Thames to the north. It historically formed an ancient borough in the county of Surrey, made up of a number of parishes, which increasingly came under the influence and jurisdiction of the City of London. As an inner district of London, Southwark experienced rapid depopulation during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is now at an advanced stage of regeneration and is the location of the City Hall offices of the Greater London Authority.
The name Suthriganaweorc or Suthringa geweorche is recorded for the area in the 10th century Anglo-Saxon document known as the Burghal Hidage and means "fort of the men of Surrey" or "the defensive work of the men of Surrey". Southwark is recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book as Sudweca. The name means "southern defensive work" and is formed from the Old English sūth and weorc. The southern location is in reference to the City of London to the north, Southwark being at the southern end of London Bridge. The name has been used for various areas of civil administration, including the ancient Borough of Southwark, the Metropolitan Borough of Southwark and the current London Borough of Southwark. The ancient borough of Southwark was also known simply as The Borough —or Borough— and this name, in distinction from 'The City', has persisted as an alternative name for the area. Southwark was also simultaneously referred to as the Ward of Bridge Without when administered by the City (from 1550 to 1900 and as an Aldermanry until 1978.
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St James's
Coordinates: 51°30′31″N 0°07′59″W / 51.5085°N 0.1330°W / 51.5085; -0.1330
St James's is an area of central London in the City of Westminster. It is bounded to the north by Piccadilly, to the west by Green Park, to the south by The Mall and St. James's Park and to the east by Haymarket.
St James's was once part of the same royal park as Green Park and St. James's Park. In the 1660s, Charles II gave the right to develop the area to Henry Jermyn, 1st Earl of St Albans, who proceeded to develop it as a predominantly aristocratic residential area with a grid of streets centred on St James's Square.
Until the Second World War, St James's remained one of the most exclusive residential enclaves in London. Famous residences in St James's include St James's Palace, Clarence House, Marlborough House, Lancaster House, Spencer House, Schomberg House and Bridgewater House. It is now a predominantly commercial area with some of the highest rents in London and, consequently, the world. Corporate offices in St James's include the global headquarters of BP. The auction house Christie's is based in King Street, and the surrounding streets contain a great many upmarket art and antique dealers.
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St John's Wood
Coordinates: 51°32′10″N 0°10′30″W / 51.5361°N 0.1751°W / 51.5361; -0.1751
St John's Wood is a district of north-west London, England, in the City of Westminster, and at the north-west end of Regent's Park. It is approximately 2.5 miles north-west of Charing Cross. Once part of the Great Middlesex Forest, it was later owned by the Knights of St John of Jerusalem.
The postcode NW8 (St. John's Wood) was ranked by Forbes magazine as the 5th most expensive postcode in London and the United Kingdom, with an average home sale price of nearly £2 million ($3.5 million). It is home to some of the most expensive properties in the world.
St John's Wood was developed from the early 19th century onwards. It was one of the first London suburbs to be developed with a large amount of low density "villa" housing, as opposed to the terraced housing which was the norm in London up to the 19th century, even in expensive districts. Parts of St John's Wood have been rebuilt at a higher density, but it remains a highly desirable residential district, and one of the most expensive areas of London.
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St. James's Park
St. James's Park is a 23 hectare (58 acre) park in the City of Westminster, central London - the oldest of the Royal Parks of London. The park lies at the southernmost tip of the St James's area, which was named after a leper hospital dedicated to St. James the Less.
St. James's Park is bounded by Buckingham Palace to the west, The Mall and St. James's Palace to the North, Horse Guards to the east, and Birdcage Walk to the south. The park has a small lake, St. James's Park Lake, with two islands, West Island, and Duck Island, which is named for the lake's collection of waterfowl. This includes a resident colony of pelicans, which has been a feature of the park since the first gift of the birds from a Russian ambassador in 1664. A bridge across the lake affords a view of Buckingham Palace framed by trees and fountains, and a view of the main building of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, similarly framed, to the east.
The park is the most easterly of a near-continuous chain of parks that also comprise (moving westward) Green Park, Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens. The closest London Underground stations are St. James's Park, Victoria, and Westminster.
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Stepney
Coordinates: 51°30′55″N 0°02′46″W / 51.5152°N 0.0462°W / 51.5152; -0.0462
Stepney is a district of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in London's East End that grew out of a medieval village around St Dunstan's church and the 15th century ribbon development of Mile End Road. The area built up rapidly in the 19th century, mainly to accommodate immigrant workers and displaced London poor, and developed a reputation for poverty, overcrowding, violence and political dissent. It was severely damaged during the Blitz, with over a third of housing totally destroyed; and then, in the 1960s, slum clearance and development replaced most residential streets with tower blocks and modern housing estates. Some Georgian architecture and Victorian era terraced housing survive in patches: for example Arbour Square, the eastern side of Stepney Green, and the streets around Matlock Street.
The area has not yet experienced the levels of gentrification seen in nearby Bow, Wapping and Limehouse but some redevelopment has taken place. The former Arbour Square Police Station and the East End Mission building are also being redeveloped.
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Stoke Newington
Coordinates: 51°33′41″N 0°04′23″W / 51.5615°N 0.0731°W / 51.5615; -0.0731
Stoke Newington is a district in the London Borough of Hackney. It is 5 miles (8 km) north-east of Charing Cross.
In modern terms, Stoke Newington (informally known as Stokey) can be roughly defined by the N16 postcode area (though this also includes parts of Stamford Hill and the almost extinct district of Shacklewell). Its southern boundary with Dalston is quite ill-defined too, but it was once a well-defined administrative unit. In 1899 the Metropolitan Borough of Stoke Newington was formed out of the greater part of the parish of that name. The resulting boundaries seem rather anomalous now; the entire eastern side of Stoke Newington High Street and beyond, including Stoke Newington Common, were included in the next door Metropolitan Borough of Hackney, but in fact this area was then part of the parish of Hackney – not Stoke Newington – and much of it would have been regarded as being in Shacklewell at the time. These apparent oddities became moot when in 1965, the Metropolitan Borough became part of the London Borough of Hackney. Immediately to the south of Stoke Newington is Newington Green, also ill-defined, though originally they were two distinct villages separated by a mile of fields.
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Stratford, London
Coordinates: 51°32′32″N 0°00′06″W / 51.5423°N 0.0018°W / 51.5423; -0.0018
Stratford is a place in London in the London Borough of Newham, England. It is located 6 miles (9.7 km) east northeast of Charing Cross and is one of the major centres identified in the London Plan. It was historically an agrarian settlement in the ancient parish of West Ham, which transformed into an industrial suburb following the introduction of the railway in 1839. As part of the growth of London in the late 19th century, Stratford significantly expanded and increased in population, becoming the centre of administration of the Borough of West Ham in 1886 and it has formed part of Greater London since 1965. The more recent economic history is underpinned by a move away from railway works and heavy industry towards becoming a significant commercial and cultural centre. Stratford is the location of the London Olympic Park and is currently experiencing regeneration and expansion linked to the 2012 Summer Olympics.
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Streatham
Coordinates: 51°25′40″N 0°07′25″W / 51.4279°N 0.1235°W / 51.4279; -0.1235
Streatham ( /ˈstrɛtəm/) is a district in South London, England, located in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is situated 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Streatham means "the hamlet on the street". The street in question, the London to Brighton Way, was the Roman Road from the capital Londinium to the coast near Portslade. It is likely that the destination was a Roman port now lost to coastal erosion, which has been tentatively identified with the 'Novus Portus' mentioned in Ptolemy's Geographia. The road is confusingly referred to as Stane Street in some sources, although it diverges from the main London-Chichester road at Kennington.
After the departure of the Romans, the main road through Streatham remained an important trackway. From the seventeenth century it was adopted as the main coach road to Croydon and East Grinstead, and then on to Newhaven and Lewes. In 1780 it then became the route of the turnpike road from London to Brighton, and subsequently became the basis for the modern A23. This road (and its traffic) have shaped Streatham's development.
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Surbiton
Coordinates: 51°23′32″N 0°18′11″W / 51.3923°N 0.3030°W / 51.3923; -0.3030
Surbiton, a suburban area of London in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames, is situated next to the River Thames, with a mixture of Art-Deco courts, more recent residential blocks and grand, spacious 19th century townhouses blending into a sea of semi-detached 20th century housing estates. Surbiton is a popular rail commuter town, located approximately 10 miles to the south west of central London (12 miles by rail from London Waterloo).
The town started to prosper when a plan to build the main railway line down to the south coast closer to nearby Kingston was rejected by Kingston Council, fearing the detrimental effect it would have on the busy coaching trade. This resulted in the line being routed further south, through a cutting in the hill south of Surbiton. Surbiton railway station opened in 1838, and was originally named Kingston-upon-Railway. It was only renamed Surbiton to distinguish it from the new Kingston railway station on the Shepperton branch line, which opened on 1 January 1869. The present station has a fine art deco façade.
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Sutton, London
Coordinates: 51°21′56″N 0°11′47″W / 51.3656°N 0.1963°W / 51.3656; -0.1963
Sutton is a large town in south west London, England, and the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Sutton. Formerly in Surrey, it is located 10.9 miles (17.5 km) south-southwest of Charing Cross and is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. The town was connected to central London by rail in 1847. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Sutton significantly expanded and increased in population, becoming a municipal borough with neighbouring Cheam in 1934, and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. It now forms a significant civic and retail district.
The placename Sutton is recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book as Sudtone. It is formed from Old English 'sūth' and 'tūn', meaning 'the south farm'. It was probably in relation to Mitcham and Morden that it was considered southerly. The name was later applied to Sutton Common and the Sutton New Town development in the 19th century, and to the London Borough of Sutton created in 1965.
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Swansea
Swansea ( /ˈswɒnzi/ SWONZ-ee; Welsh: Abertawe [abɛrˈtauɛ], "mouth of the Tawe") is a coastal city and county in Wales. Swansea is in the historic county boundaries of Glamorgan. Situated on the sandy South West Wales coast, the county area includes the Gower Peninsula and the Lliw uplands. Swansea had a population of 169,880 in 2001 and is the second most populous city in Wales after Cardiff and the third most populous county in Wales after Cardiff and Rhondda Cynon Taf. During its 19th century industrial heyday, Swansea was one of the key centres of the world copper industry, earning the nickname 'Copperopolis'.
Archaeological finds are mostly confined to the Gower Peninsula, and include items from the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age. The Romans reached the area, as did the Vikings.
Swansea is thought to have originally developed as a Viking trading post. Some think that its name is derived from Sveinn's island (Old Norse: Sveinsey) – the reference to an island may refer to a bank at the mouth of the river Tawe, or perhaps an area of raised ground in marshes. An alternative explanation is that the name derives from the Norse name 'Sweyn' and 'ey', which can mean inlet. The name is pronounced Swans-y /ˈswɒnzi/), not Swan-sea. The Welsh name first appears in Welsh poems at the beginning of the 13th century, as "Aber Tawy".
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Swindon
Coordinates: 51°34′N 1°47′W / 51.56°N 1.78°W / 51.56; -1.78
Swindon ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a large town within the Borough of Swindon and ceremonial county of Wiltshire, in South West England. It is situated midway between Bristol, 40 miles (64 km) west and Reading, 40 miles (64 km) east. London is 81 miles (130 km) to the east. In the 2001 census, the population of the Swindon urban area was 155,432, while the wider borough of Swindon had a population of 184,000.
Swindon was named an Expanded Town under the Town Development Act 1952 and this led to a major increase in its population.Swindon railway station is on the line from London Paddington to Bristol. Swindon Borough Council, is a unitary authority independent of Wiltshire Council since 1997. Residents of Swindon are known as Swindonians. Swindon is home to the Bodleian Library's book depository, which contains 153 miles (246 km) of bookshelves.
The original Saxon settlement of Swindon sat in a defensible position atop a limestone hill. It is referred to in the Domesday Book as Suindune, believed to be derived from the Anglo-Saxon words "swine" and "dun" meaning pig hill or possibly, Sweyn's hill, where Sweyn would be the local landlord.
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Sydenham
Coordinates: 51°25′31″N 0°03′16″W / 51.4254°N 0.0544°W / 51.4254; -0.0544
Sydenham ( /ˈsɪdnəm/) is an area and electoral ward in the London Borough of Lewisham; although some streets towards Crystal Palace Park, Forest Hill and Penge are outside the ward and in the London Borough of Bromley, and some streets off Sydenham Hill are in the London Borough of Southwark. Sydenham was in Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created. The population of the Sydenham ward in 2007 was 14,650, Upper Sydenham is included in Forest Hill ward.
Sydenham is most famous as the location where the Crystal Palace from the Great Exhibition was relocated. Famous people who have lived here include Ernest Shackleton, the Antarctic explorer; George Grove of musical dictionary fame; John Logie Baird, the television inventor; Jason Statham, an actor; the comics and film historian Denis Gifford; and Dame Cicely Saunders, founder of the modern hospice movement.
Sydenham started out as a small settlement, a few cottages among the woods, whose inhabitants grazed their animals and collected wood.
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Taunton
Coordinates: 51°01′08″N 3°06′00″W / 51.019°N 3.100°W / 51.019; -3.100
Taunton is the county town of Somerset, England. The town, including its suburbs, had an estimated population of 61,400 in 2001. It is the largest town in the shire county of Somerset.
The town has over 1,000 years of religious and military history, and is now undergoing a regeneration project. It has various transport links which support its central role in economy and commerce.
Taunton is the site of Musgrove Park Hospital and Somerset County Cricket Club's County Ground and is home to 40 Commando, Royal Marines. Central Taunton is part of the annual West Country Carnival circuit. It hosts the Taunton flower show, which has been held in Vivary Park since 1866. The United Kingdom Hydrographic Office is located on Admiralty Way.
The town name derives from "Town on the River Tone" — or Tone Town.Cambria Farm which is now the site of a Park and ride close to Junction 25 of the M5 motorway was the site of a Bronze and Iron Age settlement and Roman farm. There was a Romano-British village near the suburb of Holway, and Taunton was a place of considerable importance in Saxon times. The Saxon town was a burh with its own mint. King Ine of Wessex threw up an earthen castle here about 700, but it was destroyed by his queen Æthelburg of Wessex in 722, to prevent its seizure by rebels.
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Teddington
Coordinates: 51°25′27″N 0°19′56″W / 51.4242°N 0.3321°W / 51.4242; -0.3321
Teddington is a suburban area in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in south west London, on the north bank of the River Thames, between Hampton Wick and Twickenham. It stretches inland from the River Thames to Bushy Park. Formerly it was in the county of Middlesex, which was formerly also its postal county.
Teddington is mostly residential but is bisected by an almost continuous road of shops, offices and other facilities running from the river to Bushy Park. There are three clusters of offices on this route: on the river Teddington Studios and Haymarket Group form a media hub whilst on the edge of Bushy Park the NPL, NMO and LGC form a scientific centre. Around Teddington Station and the town centre are a number of offices in industries such as Direct Marketing and IT, and offices outside this axis include Tearfund. Several riverside businesses and houses were redeveloped in the last quarter of the 20th century as blocks of riverside flats. The area has been described in the national press as "leafy".
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Thamesmead
Coordinates: 51°30′14″N 0°07′34″E / 51.504°N 0.1261°E / 51.504; 0.1261
Thamesmead is a district of south-east London, England, located in the London Boroughs of Greenwich and Bexley. It is situated 9.4 miles (15.1 km) east of Charing Cross.
Thamesmead is the name given to a group of disparate mainly social housing developments built from the late 1960s onwards mostly on former marshland on the southern banks of the River Thames, between the established towns of Woolwich and Belvedere. Originally planned to have 60,000-100,000 residents, it is now estimated to be on target for a final population of around 50,000 people.
Most of the land area of Thamesmead previously formed about 1,000 acres (4.0 km2) of the old Royal Arsenal site that extended over Plumstead Marshes and Erith Marshes. There is some evidence of prehistoric human occupation of the area - flints, animal bone and charcoal were found in bore holes around Western and Central Way in 1997 by the Museum of London Archaeological Service (MOLAS). In Roman times, the river level was significantly lower, and work by MOLAS in 1997 around Summerton Way found evidence of field ditches and pottery and quernstones from Germany dating from around the 3rd or 4th century. After the Roman era, river levels rose again and the area reverted to marshland. According to Hasted, some areas of this marshland were drained by 1279 by the monks of Lesnes Abbey.
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Tolworth
Coordinates: 51°22′48″N 0°16′51″W / 51.3799°N 0.2807°W / 51.3799; -0.2807
Tolworth is a mostly residential area of outer South London in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames, located 11.1 miles (17.9 km) south west of Charing Cross. Neighbouring places include: New Malden, Kingston, Surbiton, Berrylands, Chessington, Ewell and Worcester Park.
Tolworth, in the Domesday Book, was called Taleorde. Its Domesday assets were held partly by Picot from Richard de Tonebrige and partly by Radulf (Ralph) from the Bishop of Bayeux. It rendered: 2½ hides; also 4 hides with Long Ditton; 1 mill without dues, 8 ploughs, 10½ acres and ½ rod of meadow. It rendered £6.
An extensive low-lying development of 1940s single storey brick buildings, bounded by the A3 to the north and the rail line to the south, was occupied by the Ministry of Defence and the Directorate of Overseas Surveys but after remaining empty for some years it was demolished in 2008 and the site currently awaits redevelopment.
In the 1930s, '40s and '50s the clay extraction requirements of a brick factory north of the A3 off Red Lion Road (now Red Lion Industrial Park) produced a large water-filled pit (known locally as "The Bluey") which was used as a landfill site for bomb-damage and industrial material removed from bomb-sites resulting from the "Blitz". This land has been reclaimed and is now a recreation ground. The Civil Defence Corps used to have a training site with a full-size mock-up of a bomb-damaged housing estate.
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Tooting
Coordinates: 51°25′41″N 0°09′54″W / 51.4280°N 0.1650°W / 51.4280; -0.1650
Tooting is a district in south London, England, located in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It is situated 5 miles (8 km) south south-west of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Tooting has been settled since pre-Saxon times. The name is of Anglo-Saxon origin but the meaning is disputed. It could mean the people of Tota where Tota may have been a local Anglo-Saxon chieftain. Alternatively it could be derived from an old meaning of the verb to tout, to look out. There may have been a watchtower here on the road to London and hence the people of the look-out post.
The Romans built a road, which was later named Stane Street by the English, from London (Londinium) to Chichester (Noviomagus Regnorum), and which passed through Tooting. Tooting High Street is built on this road. In Saxon times, Tooting and Streatham (then Toting-cum-Stretham) was given to the Abbey of Chertsey. Later, Suene (Sweyn), believed to be a Viking, may have been given all or part of the land. In 933, King Athelstan of England is thought to have confirmed lands including Totinge (Tooting) to Chertsey Abbey.
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Tottenham
Coordinates: 51°35′49″N 0°04′16″W / 51.597°N 0.071°W / 51.597; -0.071
Tottenham (local /ˈtɒʔnəm/) is an area of north London in the London Borough of Haringey, England, situated 6.6 miles (10.6 km) north north east of Charing Cross.
Tottenham is believed to have been named after Tota, a farmer, whose hamlet was mentioned in the Domesday Book; hence Tota's hamlet became Tottenham. It was recorded in the Domesday Book as Toteham.
There has been a settlement at Tottenham for over a thousand years. It grew up along the old Roman road, Ermine Street (some of which is part of the present A10 road), and between High Cross and Tottenham Hale, the present Monument Way.
When the Domesday Book was compiled in 1086, about 70 families lived within the area of the manor, mostly labourers working for the Lord of the Manor. A humorous poem entitled the Tournament of Tottenham, written around 1400, describes a mock-battle between peasants vying for the reeve's daughter.
In 1894, Tottenham was made an urban district and on 27 September 1934 it became a municipal borough. As from 1 April 1965, the municipal borough formed part of the London Borough of Haringey.
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Twickenham
Coordinates: 51°26′55″N 0°20′13″W / 51.4486°N 0.3369°W / 51.4486; -0.3369
Twickenham is a large suburban town 10 miles (16 km) southwest of central London. It is the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames and one of the locally important district centres identified in the London Plan. As part of the suburban growth of London in the twentieth century, the town expanded and increased in population, becoming established as the Municipal Borough of Twickenham in 1926; it has formed part of Greater London since 1965.
Excavations have revealed settlements in the area dating from the Early Neolithic, possibly Mesolithic periods. Occupation seems to have continued through the Bronze Age, the Iron Age and the Roman occupation. The area was first mentioned (as 'Tuican hom' and 'Tuiccanham') in a charter of 13 June 704 AD to cede the area to Waldhere, Bishop of London, 'for the salvation of our souls'. The charter is signed with 12 crosses. The signatories included Swaefred of Essex, Cenred of Mercia and Earl Paeogthath.
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Tyburn
Coordinates: 51°30′46.3″N 0°9′50.4″W / 51.512861°N 0.164°W / 51.512861; -0.164
Tyburn was a village in the county of Middlesex close to the current location of Marble Arch in present-day London. It took its name from the Tyburn or Teo Bourne 'boundary stream', a tributary of the River Thames which is now completely covered over between its source and its outfall into the Thames. For many centuries, the name was synonymous with capital punishment, its having been the principal place for execution of London criminals and convicted traitors, including many religious martyrs. Its notoriety was further enhanced by the construction of a uniquely designed large gallows in 1571.
The village was one of two manors of the parish of Marylebone, which was itself named after the stream, St Marylebone being a contraction of St Mary's church by the bourne. Tyburn was recorded in the Domesday Book and stood approximately at the west end of what is now Oxford Street at the junction of two Roman roads. The predecessors of Oxford Street and Park Lane were roads leading to the village, then called Tyburn Road and Tyburn Lane respectively.
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Tyburn, London
Coordinates: 51°30′46.3″N 0°9′50.4″W / 51.512861°N 0.164°W / 51.512861; -0.164
Tyburn was a village in the county of Middlesex close to the current location of Marble Arch in present-day London. It took its name from the Tyburn or Teo Bourne 'boundary stream', a tributary of the River Thames which is now completely covered over between its source and its outfall into the Thames. For many centuries, the name was synonymous with capital punishment, its having been the principal place for execution of London criminals and convicted traitors, including many religious martyrs. Its notoriety was further enhanced by the construction of a uniquely designed large gallows in 1571.
The village was one of two manors of the parish of Marylebone, which was itself named after the stream, St Marylebone being a contraction of St Mary's church by the bourne. Tyburn was recorded in the Domesday Book and stood approximately at the west end of what is now Oxford Street at the junction of two Roman roads. The predecessors of Oxford Street and Park Lane were roads leading to the village, then called Tyburn Road and Tyburn Lane respectively.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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Upminster
Coordinates: 51°33′21″N 0°15′04″E / 51.555743°N 0.251239°E / 51.555743; 0.251239
Upminster is a suburban town in northeast London, England, and part of the London Borough of Havering. Located 16.5 miles (26.6 km) east-northeast of Charing Cross, it is one of the locally important district centres identified in the London Plan, and comprises a number of shopping streets and a large residential area. It was historically a rural village in the county of Essex and formed an ancient parish. Although peripheral to London, the town has good transport links; it was first connected to central London by rail in 1885 and has a station on the London Underground network. The economic history of Upminster is characterised by a shift from farming to garden suburb. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Upminster significantly expanded and increased in population, becoming part of Hornchurch Urban District in 1934, and has formed part of Greater London since 1965.
The placename Upminster is first recorded in 1062 as Upmynstre and is recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book as Upmunstra. It is formed from Old English upp and mynster, meaning the large church on high ground. The high ground of the parish church being in relation to the valley of the River Ingrebourne and the Upminster Bridge over the river shares the name. An alternative explanation suggests the upp could refer to the geographical relationship to a church at Barking or Tilbury in Anglo-Saxon times (cf. Southminster and Bradwell-juxta-Mare).
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Upper Clapton
Coordinates: 51°34′13″N 0°03′30″W / 51.5702°N 0.0583°W / 51.5702; -0.0583
Upper Clapton is a district in the London Borough of Hackney. It is bounded by the Hackney districts of Stamford Hill to the west, Lower Clapton and Lea Bridge to the south and the Haringey district of South Tottenham to the north. To the east is the River Lea (spelled Lea or Lee), on the other side of which is the expanse of the Walthamstow Marshes, part of which is in the Lee Valley Park.
As is frequently the case with London districts, these boundaries have become uncertain because of the meeting of the developing expansion of the original settlements. Western parts of the area are often considered part of a wider Stamford Hill, understandable perhaps because of the public transport junction and shopping area at Stamford Broadway, and that the Hassidic Jewish community identified as being located in Stamford Hill extends into Upper Clapton.
Clapton was from 1339 until the 18th century normally rendered as Clopton, meaning the "farm on the hill". The Old English clop - "lump" or "hill" - presumably denoted the high ground which rises from the River Lea. Eventually encompassing the north-eastern quarter of the parish, Clapton grew up along the way which in 1745 was called Hackney Lane, part of which ran through Broad (later Clapton) Common. Building spread to meet streets east of the high road and north of Homerton in the 19th century. Manorial courts from the early 19th century distinguished the parts north and south of Lea Bridge Road as Upper and Lower Clapton, and those names soon passed into general use. Hackney Lane came to be known as Lower and Upper Clapton roads, until in the late 19th century the stretch through the common to Stamford Hill was named Clapton Common.
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Uxbridge
Coordinates: 51°32′25″N 0°28′40″W / 51.5404°N 0.4778°W / 51.5404; -0.4778
Uxbridge ( /ˈʌksbrɪdʒ/) is a large town located in west London, England and is the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Hillingdon. It forms part of the ceremonial county of Greater London. It is located 15 miles (24.1 km) west-northwest of Charing Cross and is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. It historically formed part of the parish of Hillingdon in the county of Middlesex and was a significant local commercial centre from an early time. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century it expanded and increased in population, becoming a municipal borough in 1955 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. Uxbridge is a significant retail and commercial centre, and is the location of Brunel University and the Uxbridge campus of Buckinghamshire New University. The town is close to the boundary with Buckinghamshire, which is locally the River Colne.
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Victoria, London
Victoria is a district within central London, lying wholly within the City of Westminster, and named after Queen Victoria.
The area is vaguely defined as the streets around Victoria Station, including Victoria Street (see below), Buckingham Palace Road, Wilton Road, Grosvenor Gardens, and Vauxhall Bridge Road. Victoria consists predominantly of commercial property and private and social housing, with retail uses along the main streets.
Victoria contains one of the busiest transport interchanges in London, including the listed railway station and the underground station, as well as Terminus Place, which is a major hub for bus and taxi services. Victoria Coach Station, 800m southwest of the railway station, provides road-coach services to long-distance UK and continental destinations.
Victoria Street runs on an east-west axis from Victoria station to Broad Sanctuary at Westminster Abbey. Cardinal Place, across the street from Westminster Cathedral, opened in 2006 and contains a selection of restaurants, banks and shops, including a Marks and Spencer store. Further along the street, there is a large House of Fraser department store (formerly the Army & Navy) opposite Westminster City Hall. At the Broad Sanctuary end is the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills building, the headquarters of Transport for London at Windsor House, and New Scotland Yard, headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service.
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W postcode area
Coordinates: 51°30′40″N 0°11′46″W / 51.511°N 0.196°W / 51.511; -0.196
The W (Western and Paddington) postcode area, also known as the London W postcode area is a group of postcode districts covering part of central and part of west London, England, United Kingdom. The area originates from the Western (W1) and Paddington (W2-14) districts of the London postal district.
The Western district consists of the single original W1 postal district. The area it covers is of very high density development and it has been subdivided into a number of smaller postcode districts. Where districts are used for purposes other than the sorting of mail, such as use as a geographic reference and on street signs, the W1 subdivisions continue to be classed as one 'district'. In June 2000 there was a recoding of the area with the W1M, W1N, W1P, W1R, W1V, W1X and W1Y districts replaced.
Deliveries for W1 (and for WC1 and WC2) come from the Rathbone Place office. This office was a stop on the former London Post Office Railway, which has been mothballed since 2003. The Western District Office was initially located on Wimpole Street, which was also a stop on the London Post Office Railway.
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Walthamstow
Coordinates: 51°35′02″N 0°01′16″W / 51.584°N 0.0211°W / 51.584; -0.0211
Walthamstow is a district of northeast London, England, located in the London Borough of Waltham Forest. It is situated 6.4 miles (10.3 km) north-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Walthamstow is bordered to the north by Chingford, south by Leyton and Leytonstone, east by the southern reaches of Epping Forest at Woodford and west by Tottenham and the River Lea valley. Leyton High Road, Hoe Street, Chingford Road, Chingford Mount (passing south-north through Walthamstow and its neighbouring towns) form part of an ancient route from London to Waltham Abbey.
Walthamstow is recorded c. 1075 as Wilcumestowe ("The Place of Welcome") and in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Wilcumestou.King John visited Shern Hall (Shernhall Street), in 1213; the building survived until 1896. At one point Walthamstow was just a culmination of five small villages, and affairs were discussed at Vestry House, acting as the first town hall. In 1870 it had grown to the size of a small suburb and a town hall was built in Orford Road from which affairs of the village were run ( which now takes place in Forest Road - since 1941). Until the 19th century it was largely rural, with a small village centre (now Walthamstow Village — see below) and a number of large estates. The main route through the district, was the aforementioned Hoe Street. Additionally, there were various smaller lanes, crossing the town. The road now known as Forest Road was originally named Clay Street. Further south, the High Street was named Marsh Street, and led from the original settlement out to the marshes. Shernhall Street is an ancient route, as is Wood Street, to the east.
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Wandsworth
Coordinates: 51°27′52″N 0°11′33″W / 51.4644°N 0.1924°W / 51.4644; -0.1924
Wandsworth is a district of south London, England, in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It is situated 4.6 miles (7.4 km) southwest of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Wandsworth takes its name from the River Wandle, which enters the Thames at Wandsworth. Wandsworth appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Wandesorde and Wendelesorde. This means 'enclosure of (a man named) Waendel', whose name is also lent to the River Wandle. To distinguish it from the London Borough of Wandsworth, and historically from the Wandsworth District of the Metropolis and the Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth, which all covered larger areas, it is also known as Wandsworth Town.
It was held partly by William, son of Ansculfy, and partly by St Wandrille's Abbey. Its Domesday assets were 12 hides, with 5½ ploughs and 22 acres (89,000 m2) of meadow. It rendered £9. Since at least the early 16th century, Wandsworth has offered accommodation to consecutive waves of immigration, from Protestant Dutch metalworkers fleeing persecution in the 1590s to recent Eastern European members of the European Union.
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Wanstead
Coordinates: 51°34′40″N 0°01′43″E / 51.577792°N 0.028589°E / 51.577792; 0.028589
Wanstead is a suburban area in the London Borough of Redbridge, North-East London. The main road going through Wanstead is the A12. The name is from the Anglo-Saxon words wænn and stede, meaning "settlement on a small hill".
The town has a largely suburban feel, containing open grasslands such as Wanstead Flats, and the woodland of Wanstead Park (part of Epping Forest). The park, with artificial lakes, was originally part of the estate of a large stately home Wanstead House, one of the finest Palladian mansions in Britain, from its size and splendour nicknamed the English Versailles, and the architectural inspiration for Mansion House, London. It was demolished after the bankruptcy of the owner, William Wellesley-Long, in 1824. It is also home to Wanstead Golf club, which has hosted many of the major events in the Essex County calendar. A notable landmark towards the northern edge of Wanstead is the former Wanstead Hospital building, now a housing complex. A small annex of the old Burns Unit is now used for research on Flu vaccines and bovine diseases.
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Wapping
Coordinates: 51°30′26″N 0°03′40″W / 51.5073°N 0.0610°W / 51.5073; -0.0610
Wapping (/ˈwɒpɪŋ/ WOP-ing) is a place in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets which forms part of the Docklands to the east of the City of London. It is situated between the north bank of the River Thames and the ancient thoroughfare simply called The Highway. Wapping's proximity to the river has given it a strong maritime character, which it retains through its riverside public houses and steps, such as the Prospect of Whitby and Wapping Stairs.
Many of the original buildings were demolished during the construction of the London Docks and Wapping was further seriously damaged during the Blitz. As the London Docklands declined after the Second World War, the area became run down, with the great warehouses left empty. The area's fortunes were transformed during the 1980s by the London Docklands Development Corporation when the warehouses started to be converted into luxury flats.
Rupert Murdoch moved his News International printing and publishing works into Wapping in 1986, resulting in a trade union dispute that became known as the "Battle of Wapping".
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Waterloo Bridge
Waterloo Bridge is a road and foot traffic bridge crossing the River Thames in London, England between Blackfriars Bridge and Hungerford Bridge. The name of the bridge is in memory of the Anglo-Dutch and Prussian victory at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. Thanks to its location at a strategic bend in the river, the views of London (Westminster, the South Bank and London Eye to the west, the City of London and Canary Wharf to the east) from the bridge are widely held to be the finest from any spot at ground level.
The first bridge on the site was designed in 1809-10 by John Rennie for the Strand Bridge Company and opened in 1817 as a toll bridge. The granite bridge had nine arches, each of 120 feet (36.6 m) span, separated by double Grecian-Doric stone columns and was 2,456 feet (748.6 m) long, including approaches. Before its opening it was known as 'Strand Bridge'. During the 1840s the bridge gained a reputation as a popular place for suicide attempts. In 1841 the American daredevil Samuel Gilbert Scott was killed while performing an act in which he hung by a rope from a scaffold on the bridge. In 1844 Thomas Hood wrote the poem The Bridge of Sighs about the suicide of a prostitute there. Paintings of the bridge were created by the French Impressionist Claude Monet and the English Romantic, John Constable. The bridge was nationalised in 1878 and given to the Metropolitan Board of Works, who removed the toll from it.
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Wealdstone
Coordinates: 51°35′36″N 0°20′00″W / 51.5934°N 0.3333°W / 51.5934; -0.3333
Wealdstone is a largely working-class and recent immigrant district in the London Borough of Harrow, north west London.
The eponymous Weald Stone is a sarsen stone, formerly marking the boundary between the parish of Harrow and Harrow Weald. It is located outside the Weald Stone Inn (formerly the Red Lion), off High Road, Harrow Weald 51°36′16″N 0°20′23″W / 51.6045°N 0.3396°W / 51.6045; -0.3396 (Weald Stone).
The Harrow Leisure Centre [1] is located in Wealdstone and facilities include swimming, Badminton, Snooker, Martial Arts and a gym run by Harper's Fitness. One of the country's oldest skate parks, Harrow Skate Park, is next to the leisure centre. The park is a centre of the British skateboarding scene and draws visitors from all over the country.
Wealdstone F.C. have had a long association with Wealdstone. Now based in Ruislip in the London Borough of Hillingdon, they were hoping to move to a new ground at Prince Edward Fields, Canons Park.
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Welling
Coordinates: 51°27′34″N 0°06′35″E / 51.4594°N 0.1097°E / 51.4594; 0.1097
Welling is a district in the London Borough of Bexley, South East London. It is a suburban development situated between Shooter's Hill and Bexleyheath north of the A2 road and 10.5 miles (16.9 km) east south-east of Charing Cross.
The East Wickham part of Welling is probably one of the oldest settlements in this area. A Neolithic stone axe was found in East Wickham in 1910 and more recently in 1989 the remains of Roman buildings were unearthed near Danson.
Before the coming of the railway, with the opening of the Bexleyheath Line on 1 May 1895, Welling was a village on the main road between London and Kent (Watling Street). It had been a traditional staging post for coaches; the presence of three inns along the main road is the result of that.
After World War I, Bexley Urban District Council built over 400 houses north of the railway. Later, when the Danson estate was sold to developers, the land to the south was opened up to suburban sprawl and the settlement incorporated the local parishes of St Michael's East Wickham and St Johns Welling.
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Wembley
Coordinates: 51°33′22″N 0°18′15″W / 51.5560°N 0.3042°W / 51.5560; -0.3042
Wembley is an area of northwest London, England, and part of the London Borough of Brent. It is home to the famous Wembley Stadium and Wembley Arena. Anciently part of the parish of Harrow on the Hill in the county of Middlesex, Wembley formed a separate civil parish from 1894 and was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1937.
Wembley is derived from the Old English proper name "Wemba" and the Old English "Lea" for meadow or clearing. The name was first mentioned in the charter of 825 of King Beornwulf.
The village of Wemba Lea grew up on the hill by the clearing with the Harrow Road south of it. Much of the surrounding area remained wooded. In 1547 there were but six houses in Wembley. Though small, it was one of the wealthiest parts of Harrow. At the dissolution of the monasteries, the manor of Wembley fell to Richard Andrews and Leonard Chamberlayne in 1543, who sold it to Richard Page Esq. of Harrow on the Hill the same year.
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West End theatre
West End theatre is a popular term for mainstream professional theatre staged in the large theatres of London's 'Theatreland', the West End. Along with New York's Broadway theatre, West End theatre is usually considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. Seeing a West End show is a common tourist activity in London.
Total attendances first surpassed 12 million in 2002 and 13 million in 2007, setting a new record for the West End. Since the late 1990s there has been an increase in the number of famous screen actors on the London stage.
The Theatre in London flourished after the English Reformation. The first permanent public playhouse, known simply as The Theatre, was constructed in 1576 in Shoreditch by James Burbage. It was soon joined by The Curtain. Both are known to have been used by William Shakespeare's company. In 1599, the timber from The Theatre was moved to Southwark, where it was used in building the Globe Theatre in a new theatre district formed, beyond the controls of the City corporation. These theatres were closed in 1642 during the interregnum.
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West Ham
Coordinates: 51°32′05″N 0°00′28″E / 51.5347°N 0.00769°E / 51.5347; 0.00769
West Ham is in the London Borough of Newham in London, England. In the west it is a post-industrial neighbourhood abutting the site of the London Olympic Park and in the east it is mostly residential, consisting of Victorian terraced housing interspersed with higher density post-War social housing. The area has been one of the most deprived in the country and as part of the New Deal for Communities programme it forms, with neighbouring Plaistow, a regeneration area. The place lends its name to West Ham United F.C..
A settlement in the area named Ham is first recorded as Hamme in an Anglo-Saxon charter of 958 and then in the 1086 Domesday Book as Hame. The earliest recorded use of West Ham, as distinct from East Ham, is in 1186 as Westhamma. It is formed from Old English 'hamm' and means 'a dry area of land between rivers or marshland', referring the location of the settlement within boundaries formed by the rivers Lea, Thames and Roding and their marshes.
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Westbourne Green
Coordinates: 51°31′13″N 0°11′19″W / 51.52028°N 0.18861°W / 51.52028; -0.18861 Westbourne Green is an area of London on the western edge of the City of Westminster.
The nearest London Underground stations are Westbourne Park and Royal Oak on the Hammersmith & City Line.
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Westminster
Coordinates: 51°29′58″N 0°08′00″W / 51.4995°N 0.1333°W / 51.4995; -0.1333
Westminster /ˈwɛsᵗmɪnstə/ is an area of central London, within the City of Westminster, England. It lies on the north bank of the River Thames, southwest of the City of London and 0.5 miles (0.8 km) southwest of Charing Cross. It has a large concentration of London's historic and prestigious landmarks and visitor attractions, including the Palace of Westminster, Buckingham Palace, Westminster Abbey, and Westminster Cathedral.
Historically a part of Middlesex, the name Westminster was the ancient description for the area around Westminster Abbey – the West Minster, or monastery church, that gave the area its name – which has been the seat of the government of England (and later the British government) for almost a thousand years. Westminster is the location of the Palace of Westminster, a UNESCO World Heritage Site which houses the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
The name Westminster describes the area around Westminster Abbey and Palace of Westminster. Its name derives from the West Minster, or monastery church, west of the City of London's St Paul's. The area has been the seat of the government of England for almost a thousand years. The name is also used for the larger City of Westminster which covers a wider geographical area; and, since 1965, has included the former boroughs of Marylebone and Paddington.
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Westminster Abbey
The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, popularly known as Westminster Abbey, is a large, mainly Gothic church, in the City of Westminster, London, United Kingdom, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English, later British and later still (and currently) monarchs of the Commonwealth realms. The abbey is a Royal Peculiar and briefly held the status of a cathedral from 1540 to 1550.
Westminster Abbey is a collegiate church governed by the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, as established by Royal charter of Queen Elizabeth I in 1560, which created it as the Collegiate Church of St Peter Westminster and a Royal Peculiar under the personal jurisdiction of the Sovereign. The members of the Chapter are the Dean and four residentiary canons, assisted by the Receiver General and Chapter Clerk. One of the canons is also Rector of St Margaret's Church, Westminster, and often holds also the post of Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons. In addition to the Dean and canons, there are at present two full-time minor canons, one precentor, the other succentor. The office of Priest Vicar was created in the 1970s for those who assist the minor canons. Together with the clergy and Receiver General and Chapter Clerk, various lay officers constitute the college, including the Organist and Master of the Choristers, the Registrar, the Auditor, the Legal Secretary, the Surveyor of the Fabric, the Head Master of the Choir School, the Keeper of the Muniments and the Clerk of the Works, as well as 12 lay vicars, 10 choristers and the High Steward and High Bailiff. There are also 40 Queen's Scholars who are pupils at Westminster School (the School has its own Governing Body). Those who are most directly concerned with liturgical and ceremonial matters are the two minor canons and the organist and Master of the Choristers.
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Westminster Bridge
Coordinates: 51°30′03″N 0°07′19″W / 51.50083°N 0.12194°W / 51.50083; -0.12194
Westminster Bridge is a road and foot traffic bridge over the River Thames between Westminster on the north side and Lambeth on the south side, in London, England.
The bridge is painted predominantly green, the same colour as the leather seats in the House of Commons which is on the side of the Palace of Westminster nearest the bridge. This is in contrast to Lambeth Bridge which is red, the same colour as the seats in the House of Lords and is on the opposite side of the Houses of Parliament.
In 2005-2007 it underwent a complete refurbishment, including replacing the iron fascias and repainting the whole bridge. It links the Palace of Westminster on the west side of the river with County Hall and the London Eye on the east and was the finishing point during the early years of the London Marathon.
The next bridge downstream is Hungerford footbridge and upstream is Lambeth Bridge. The bridge was designated a Grade II* listed structure in 1981.
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Whitechapel
Coordinates: 51°30′59″N 0°04′30″W / 51.5165°N 0.0750°W / 51.5165; -0.0750
Whitechapel is a built-up inner city district in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, London, England. It is located 3.4 miles (5.5 km) east of Charing Cross and roughly bounded by the Bishopsgate thoroughfare on the west, Fashion Street on the north, Brady Street and Cavell Street on the east and The Highway on the south. The resident population are of varied ethnic origin, primarily Bengali. It is notably best known for being the location of the infamous Jack the Ripper murders in the late 1880s. The murderer was never identified, although rumours suggest over 100 names.
Whitechapel's heart is Whitechapel High Street, extending further east as Whitechapel Road, named after a small chapel of ease dedicated to St Mary. The church's earliest known rector was Hugh de Fulbourne in 1329 and around 1338 it became the parish church of Whitechapel, called, for unknown reasons, St Mary Matfelon. The church was destroyed through enemy action in World War II and its location and graveyard is now a public garden on the south side of the road.
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Willesden
Coordinates: 51°32′48″N 0°13′46″W / 51.5468°N 0.2295°W / 51.5468; -0.2295
Willesden is an area in North West London which forms part of the London Borough of Brent. It is situated 5 miles (8 km) north west of Charing Cross. The area has strong links to Ireland and has a sizable Irish population, as well as a large Afro-Caribbean community.
The name derives from the Anglo-Saxon Willesdune, meaning The Hill of the Spring, and a settlement bearing this name dates back to 939 AD. The Domesday Book of 1086 records it as Wellesdone. However, on 19th century maps of the town such as those from the 'Ordnance Survey First Series', the town is shown as Wilsdon. . The town's motto is Laborare est orare ("to labour is to pray").[citation needed]
From the 14th to 16th centuries, the town was a place of pilgrimage due to the presence of two ancient statues of the Virgin Mary at the Church of St Mary. One of these statues is thought to be a Black Madonna, which was insulted by the Lollards, taken to Thomas Cromwell's house and burnt in 1538 on a large bonfire of "notable images" including those of Walsingham, Worcester and Ipswich. There was also a "holy well" which was thought to possess miraculous qualities, particularly for blindness and other eye disorders.
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Wimbledon, London
Coordinates: 51°25′25″N 0°13′02″W / 51.4235°N 0.2171°W / 51.4235; -0.2171
Wimbledon is a district in the south west area of London, England, located south of Wandsworth, and east of Kingston upon Thames. It is situated within Greater London. It is home to the Wimbledon Tennis Championships and New Wimbledon Theatre, and contains Wimbledon Common, one of the largest areas of common land in London. The residential area is split into two sections known as the "village" and the "town", with the High Street being part of the original medieval village, and the "town" being part of the modern development since the building of the railway station in 1838.
Wimbledon has been inhabited since at least the Iron Age when the hill fort on Wimbledon Common is thought to have been constructed. In 1087 when the Domesday Book was compiled, Wimbledon was part of the manor of Mortlake. The ownership of the manor of Wimbledon changed between various wealthy families many times during its history, and the area also attracted other wealthy families who built large houses such as Eagle House, Wimbledon House and Warren House. The village developed with a stable rural population coexisting alongside nobility and wealthy merchants from the city. In the 18th century the Dog and Fox public house became a stop on the stagecoach run from London to Portsmouth, then in 1838 the London and South Western Railway (L&SWR) opened a station to the south east of the village at the bottom of Wimbledon hill. The location of the station shifted the focus of the town's subsequent growth away from the original village centre.
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Wood Green
Coordinates: 51°35′53″N 0°06′54″W / 51.5981°N 0.1149°W / 51.5981; -0.1149
Wood Green is a district in north London, England, located in the London Borough of Haringey. It is situated 6.7 miles (10.8 km) north of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of the metropolitan centres in Greater London.
In the latter half of the 19th century and before urbanisation Wood Green was part of Tottenham and covered by woodland called Tottenham Wood, hence the original name of the area, Tottenham Wood Green.
In 1894 Wood Green was created as an urban district, and later a municipal borough, of Middlesex. In 1965, under the London Government Act 1963, the Municipal Borough of Wood Green was abolished and its area merged with that of the Municipal Borough of Tottenham and the Municipal Borough of Hornsey to form the present-day London Borough of Haringey.
The constituency of Wood Green was created in 1918, and existed until 1983, when it was split. Some of the constituency was transferred to the neighbouring seat of Tottenham, Most was merged with the Hornsey parliamentary constituency to form the Hornsey and Wood Green parliamentary constituency. Since 2005, the seat has been represented in the House of Commons by the Liberal Democrat MP, Lynne Featherstone.
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Woodford, London
Coordinates: 51°36′17″N 0°01′47″E / 51.60475°N 0.02979°E / 51.60475; 0.02979
Woodford is a large suburban town in northeast London, England, occupying the north-western part of the London Borough of Redbridge. It is located approximately 9.5 miles (15.3 km) northeast of Charing Cross and is divided into the neighbourhoods of Woodford Green, Woodford Bridge and South Woodford. It was historically a string of agrarian villages surrounded by Epping Forest in the county of Essex until the clearing of the forest and improvement in communications caused the local economy to shift away from agriculture. As part of the suburban growth of London at the turn of the 20th century, Woodford significantly increased in population, becoming a municipal borough with neighbouring Wanstead in 1937 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965.
Woodford appears in the 1086 Domesday Book as Wdefort, although its earliest recorded use is earlier in 1062 as Wudeford. The name is Old English and means 'ford in or by the wood'. The ford refers to a crossing of the River Roding, which was replaced with a bridge by 1238; this led to the renaming of part of the district as Woodford Bridge by 1805. Similarly, part of the district gained the contemporary name of Woodford Green by 1883.
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Woolwich
Coordinates: 51°29′46″N 0°04′05″E / 51.4961°N 0.0681°E / 51.4961; 0.0681
Woolwich ( /ˈwʊlɪtʃ/ or /ˈwʊlɪdʒ/) is a district in south London, England, located in the Royal Borough of Greenwich. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Woolwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created. It is notable as a river crossing point, having the Woolwich Ferry (and the lesser-known Woolwich foot tunnel) to North Woolwich, and as the one-time home of the Woolwich Building Society (now owned by Barclays plc).
In 1796 Daniel Lysons wrote, "this place in old charters is called Hulviz, Wolwiche, Wollewic, &c. I can find nothing satisfactory relating to its etymology." But it is now generally believed that the name Woolwich derives from the Anglo-Saxon name, "trading place for wool". Woolwich has been inhabited since at least the Iron Age, and a Roman fort was found in the current Riverside park.
Woolwich remained a small Kentish village until it started to become a leading military and industrial town. It was home to the Woolwich Dockyard (founded in 1512), the Royal Arsenal (dating back to 1471), the Royal Military Academy (1741) and the Royal Horse Artillery (1793); the town still retains an army base at the Royal Artillery Barracks (although 16RA Royal Artillery left in 2007, Woolwich Barracks still house the Royal Artillery Band and more recently Second Battalion Princess of Wales Royal Regiment and Kings Troop Royal Horse Artillery), and the Royal Artillery Museum, Firepower. The nearby Greenwich Heritage Centre also houses exhibits relating to the Royal Arsenal.
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Alan Johnson
Alan Arthur Johnson (born 17 May 1950) is a British Labour Party politician who served as Home Secretary from June 2009 to May 2010. Before that, he filled a wide variety of cabinet positions in both the Blair and Brown governments, including Health Secretary and Education Secretary. Until 20 January 2011 he was Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer. Johnson has been the Member of Parliament for Hull West and Hessle since 1997.
Born in London on 17 May 1950, the son of Stephen and Lillian Johnson, he was orphaned at the age of 12 when his mother died. Johnson was then in effect brought up by his older sister when the two were assigned a council flat by their child welfare officer. He passed the 11 plus exam and attended Sloane Grammar School in Chelsea, now part of Pimlico Academy, and left school at the age of 15. He then stacked shelves at Tesco before becoming a postman at 18. He was interested in music and joined two pop music bands. Johnson joined the Union of Communication Workers, becoming a branch official. He joined the Labour Party in 1971, although he considered himself a Marxist ideologically aligned with the Communist Party of Great Britain. A full-time union official from 1987, he became General Secretary of the newly formed Communication Workers Union in 1993 following a series of union mergers.
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Alexander Fleming
Sir Alexander Fleming FRSE, FRS, FRCS(Eng) (6 August 1881 – 11 March 1955) was a Scottish biologist and pharmacologist. He wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance penicillin from the mould Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain.
In 1999, Time magazine named Fleming one of the 100 Most Important People of the 20th Century for his discovery of penicillin, and stated:
Fleming was born on 6 August 1881 at Lochfield , a farm near Darvel, in Ayrshire, Scotland. He was the third of the four children of farmer Hugh Fleming (1816–1888) from his second marriage to Grace Stirling Morton (1848–1928), the daughter of a neighbouring farmer. Hugh Fleming had four surviving children from his first marriage. He was 59 at the time of his second marriage, and died when Alexander (known as Alec) was seven.
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Brixton
Coordinates: 51°27′47″N 0°06′22″W / 51.463°N 0.106°W / 51.463; -0.106
Brixton is a district in the London Borough of Lambeth in south London, England. It is 3.8 miles (6.1 km) south south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Brixton is mainly residential with a prominent street market and substantial retail sector. It is a multiethnic community, with around 24 percent of its population being of African and Caribbean descent,. It lies within Inner South London and is bordered by Stockwell, Clapham, Streatham, Camberwell, Tulse Hill and Herne Hill. The district houses the main offices of the London Borough of Lambeth.
The name Brixton is thought to originate from Brixistance, meaning the stone of Brixi, a Saxon lord. Brixi is thought to have erected a boundary stone to mark the meeting place of the ancient hundred court of Surrey. The location is unknown but is thought to be at the top of Brixton Hill, at a road known at the time as Bristow or Brixton Causeway, long before any settlement in the area. Brixton marks the rise from the marshes of North Lambeth up to the hills of Upper Norwood and Streatham. At the time the River Effra flowed from its source in Upper Norwood through Herne Hill to Brixton. At Brixton the river was crossed by low bridges for Roman roads to the south coast of Britain, now Brixton Road and Clapham Road. The main roads were connected through a network of medieval country lanes, such as Acre Lane, Coldharbour Lane, Brixton Water Lane and Lyham Road, formerly Black Lane. It was only at the end of the 18th century that villages and settlements formed around Brixton, as the original woodland was gradually reduced until the area was covered in farmland and market gardens known for game and strawberries.
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Edward Adrian Wilson
Edward Adrian Wilson FZS ("Uncle Bill") (23 July 1872 – 29 March 1912) was a notable English polar explorer, physician, naturalist, painter and ornithologist.
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Elvis Costello
Elvis Costello (born Declan Patrick MacManus, 25 August 1954) is an English singer-songwriter. He came to prominence as an early participant in London's pub rock scene in the mid-1970s and later became associated with the punk/New Wave genre. Steeped in word play, the vocabulary of Costello's lyrics is broader than that of most popular songs. His music has drawn on many diverse genres; one critic described him as a "pop encyclopaedia", able to "reinvent the past in his own image".
Costello has won multiple awards in his career, including a Grammy Award, and has twice been nominated for the Brit Award for Best British Male. In 2003, Elvis Costello & the Attractions were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked Costello number 80 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.
Costello was born Declan Patrick MacManus in St Mary's Hospital, London, the son of Lilian Alda (née Ablett, b. 1927, Liverpool) and Ross MacManus (1927–2011), a musician and bandleader. He is of Irish heritage. Costello lived in Twickenham, attending Hounslow Secondary Modern School, which is now St Mark's Catholic Secondary School, in neighbouring Hounslow. With a musically inclined father (who was a jazz trumpeter and sang with The Joe Loss Orchestra), Costello's first broadcast recording was alongside his dad in a television commercial for R. White's Lemonade (I'm a Secret Lemonade Drinker). His father wrote and sang the song; Costello provided backing vocals. The advertisement won a silver award at the 1974 International Advertising Festival.
wn.com/Elvis_Costello -
George Osborne
George Gideon Oliver Osborne,MP (born 23 May 1971 in Paddington, London) is a British Conservative politician. He is the Chancellor of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom, a role to which he was appointed in May 2010, and has been the Member of Parliament for Tatton since 2001.
Osborne is part of the old Anglo-Irish aristocracy, known in Ireland as the Ascendancy. He is the heir to the Osborne baronetcy (of Ballentaylor, in County Tipperary, and Ballylemon, in County Waterford).
He was educated at St Paul's School and Magdalen College, University of Oxford, before entering politics.
Osborne is the eldest of four sons. His father, Sir Peter Osborne, 17th Baronet, co-founded the firm of fabric and wallpapers designers Osborne & Little. His mother is Felicity Alexandra Loxton-Peacock, the daughter of artist Lady Clarisse Loxton Peacock.
Originally named Gideon Oliver, he changed his name to George when he was 13. In an interview in July 2005, Osborne said: "It was my small act of rebellion. I never liked it. When I finally told my mother she said, 'Nor do I'. So I decided to be George after my grandfather, who was a war hero. Life was easier as a George; it was a straightforward name."
wn.com/George_Osborne -
Joan Collins
Joan Henrietta Collins, OBE (born 23 May 1933), is an English actress, author and columnist. Born in Paddington and brought up in Maida Vale, Collins grew up during the Second World War. After making her stage debut in A Doll's House at the age of 9, she was trained as an actress at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London. After eighteen months at the drama school, she was signed to an exclusive contract by the Rank Organisation and appeared in various British films.
At the age of 22, Collins headed to Hollywood and landed sultry roles in several popular films, including The Girl in the Red Velvet Swing (1955) and Rally 'Round the Flag, Boys! (1958). While she continued to make films in the US and the UK throughout the 1960s, her career languished in the 1970s, where she appeared in a number of horror flicks. Near the end of the decade, she starred in two films based on best-selling novels by her younger sister Jackie Collins: The Stud (1978) and its sequel The Bitch (1979). Returning to her theatrical roots, she played the title role in the 1980 British revival of The Last of Mrs. Cheyney and later had a lead role in the 1990 revival of Noël Coward's Private Lives. In 1981, Collins landed Alexis Colby, the role for which she is perhaps best known, in the long-running 1980s television soap opera Dynasty.
wn.com/Joan_Collins -
Keifer Sutherland
Kiefer William Frederick Dempsey George Rufus Sutherland (born 21 December 1966) is a British-Canadian actor, producer and director. He is perhaps best known for his portrayal of Jack Bauer on the Fox series 24 for which he won an Emmy Award, a Golden Globe award, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, and two Satellite Awards. He currently stars as Martin Bohm in the Fox drama Touch.
Sutherland was born in London, the son of Donald Sutherland and Shirley Douglas, both of whom are successful Canadian actors. He has Scottish ancestry from both parents, and is the grandson of Canadian politician Tommy Douglas, widely credited for bringing universal health care to Canada.
He received his first given name from Warren Kiefer, the Italian director who gave his father his first movie role.
His family moved to Corona, California and in 1970, his parents divorced. In 1975, Sutherland moved with his mother to Toronto. He attended elementary school at Crescent Town Elementary School, St. Clair Junior High East York, and John G. Althouse Middle School in Toronto. He attended five different high schools including St. Andrew's College, Martingrove Collegiate Institute, Harbord Collegiate Institute, Silverthorn Collegiate Institute, Malvern Collegiate Institute and Annex Village Campus. He also spent a semester at Regina Mundi Catholic College in London (Ontario) and attended weekend acting lessons at Sir Frederick Banting Secondary School.
wn.com/Keifer_Sutherland -
Les Ferdinand
Leslie "Les" Ferdinand MBE (born 8 December 1966 in Paddington, London) is a former English footballer. His playing career included spells at Queens Park Rangers, Beşiktaş, Newcastle United, Tottenham Hotspur, West Ham United and Bolton Wanderers F.C., during which period he earned a number of appearances for England. He became the first player to score for 6 different Premier League clubs.
He is the cousin of current Premier League players Rio and Anton Ferdinand and his son Aaron currently plays for Harrow Borough in the Isthmian League. He also has a daughter, Lauren. Popularly nicknamed Sir Les, he was made an MBE in the 2005 Queen's Birthday Honours.
On 5 November 2008 Ferdinand joined fellow ex-Spur Tim Sherwood on the coaching staff of Tottenham Hotspur, utilising his experience to work with the strikers.
Ferdinand is the joint fifth highest scorer of all time in the Premier League with 149 goals.
Ferdinand started his career in non-league football, first at AEL (a KOPA Cypriot team in England) then to Southall then moving to Hayes. He was spotted by Queens Park Rangers and moved there for £30,000.
wn.com/Les_Ferdinand -
Lucian Freud
Lucian Michael Freud, OM, CH (8 December 1922 – 20 July 2011) was a German-born British painter. Known chiefly for his thickly impastoed portrait and figure paintings, he was widely considered the pre-eminent British artist of his time. His works are noted for their psychological penetration, and for their often discomforting examination of the relationship between artist and model.
Born in Berlin, Freud was the son of an Austrian Jewish father, Ernst L. Freud, an architect, and a German Jewish mother, Lucie née Brasch. He was a grandson of Sigmund Freud, and elder brother of the late broadcaster, writer and politician Clement Freud (thus uncle of Emma and Matthew Freud) and the younger brother of Stephan Gabriel Freud.
He moved with his family to St John's Wood, London, in 1933 to escape the rise of Nazism. He became a British citizen in 1939, having attended Dartington Hall School in Totnes, Devon, and later Bryanston School, for a year before being expelled due to disruptive behaviour.
wn.com/Lucian_Freud -
Prince William
Prince William, Duke of Cambridge KG KT (William Arthur Philip Louis; born 21 June 1982), is the elder son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Diana, Princess of Wales, and third eldest grandchild of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. He is second in the line of succession, behind his father, to the thrones of sixteen independent sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis.
He was educated at four schools in the United Kingdom and obtained a degree from the University of St Andrews. He spent parts of a gap year in Chile, Belize, and countries in Africa, most notably Kenya where he has lived and holidayed several times. Prince William has also taken Kiswahili studies at universities in Kenya and Tanzania. He was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Blues and Royals regiment of the Household Cavalry—serving with his brother Prince Harry—and, two years later, earned his wings by completing pilot training at Royal Air Force College Cranwell. In 2009, the Prince transferred to the Royal Air Force, was promoted to flight lieutenant and underwent helicopter flying training in order to become a full time pilot with the Search and Rescue Force. In Autumn 2010, he completed his general and special-to-type helicopter training and went on to RAF Valley on No. 22 Squadron performing co-pilot duties on board a Sea King search and rescue helicopter. Prince William married his longtime girlfriend, Catherine Middleton, on 29 April 2011 at Westminster Abbey. Hours prior to his wedding, Prince William was created Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn and Baron Carrickfergus.
wn.com/Prince_William -
Robert Browning
Robert Browning (7 May 1812 – 12 December 1889) was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of dramatic verse, especially dramatic monologues, made him one of the foremost Victorian poets.
Browning was born in Camberwell - a district now forming part of the borough of Southwark in South London, England - the only son of Sarah Anna (née Wiedemann) and Robert Browning. His father was a well-paid clerk for the Bank of England, earning about £150 per year. Browning’s paternal grandfather was a wealthy slave owner in Saint Kitts, West Indies, but Browning's father was an abolitionist. Browning's father had been sent to the West Indies to work on a sugar plantation, but revolted by the slavery there, he returned to England. Browning’s mother was a daughter of a German shipowner who had settled in Dundee, and his Scottish wife. Browning had one sister, Sarianna. Browning's paternal grandmother, Margaret Tittle, who had inherited a plantation in St Kitts, was rumoured within the family to have had some Jamaican mixed race ancestry but there is little evidence for this. It seems to be only an anecdotal family story. Robert's father, a literary collector, amassed a library of around 6,000 books, many of them rare. Thus, Robert was raised in a household of significant literary resources. His mother, to whom he was very close, was a devout nonconformist and a talented musician. His younger sister, Sarianna, also gifted, became her brother's companion in his later years, after the death of his wife in 1861. His father encouraged his children's interest in literature and the arts.
wn.com/Robert_Browning -
Robert Falcon Scott
Robert Falcon Scott CVO (6 June 1868 – c. 29 March 1912) was a Royal Navy officer and explorer who led two expeditions to the Antarctic regions: the Discovery Expedition, 1901–04, and the ill-fated Terra Nova Expedition, 1910–13. During this second venture, Scott led a party of five which reached the South Pole on 17 January 1912, only to find that they had been preceded by Roald Amundsen's Norwegian expedition. On their return journey, Scott and his four comrades all perished from a combination of exhaustion, starvation and extreme cold.
Before his appointment to lead the Discovery Expedition, Scott had followed the conventional career of a naval officer in peacetime Victorian Britain, where opportunities for career advancement were both limited and keenly sought after by ambitious officers. It was the chance for personal distinction that led Scott to apply for the Discovery command, rather than any predilection for polar exploration. However, having taken this step, his name became inseparably associated with the Antarctic, the field of work to which he remained committed during the final twelve years of his life.
wn.com/Robert_Falcon_Scott -
Royal Observer Corps
The Royal Observer Corps (ROC) was a civil defence organisation operating in the United Kingdom between 29 October 1925 and 31 December 1995, when the Corps' civilian volunteers were stood down. (ROC headquarters staff at RAF Bentley Priory stood down on 31 March 1996). Composed mainly of civilian spare-time volunteers, ROC personnel wore a Royal Air Force (RAF) style uniform and latterly came under the administrative control of RAF Strike Command and the operational control of the Home Office. Civilian volunteers were trained and administered by a small cadre of professional full-time officers under the command of the Commandant Royal Observer Corps; latterly a serving RAF Air Commodore.
In 1925, following a Defence Committee initiative undertaken the previous year, the formation of an RAF command concerning the Air Defence of Great Britain led to the provision of a Raid Reporting System, itself delegated to a sub-committee consisting of representatives from the Air Ministry, Home Office and the General Post Office. This Raid Reporting System was to provide for the visual detection, identification, tracking and reporting of aircraft over Great Britain, and was eventually to become known as the Observer Corps. The Observer Corps was subsequently awarded the title Royal by His Majesty King George VI in April 1941, in recognition of service carried out by Observer Corps personnel during the Battle of Britain.
wn.com/Royal_Observer_Corps -
Seal (musician)
Seal Henry Olusegun Olumide Adeola Samuel (born 19 February 1963 in Paddington, London, England), popularly known simply as Seal, is a British soul and R&B singer-songwriter, of Nigerian and Brazilian background. Seal has won numerous music awards throughout his career, including three Brit Awards—winning Best British Male in 1992, four Grammy Awards, and an MTV Video Music Award. Seal is known for his numerous international hits; the best known being "Kiss from a Rose", which appeared in the soundtrack to the 1995 film Batman Forever. He has sold more than 20 million albums worldwide. He is a coach on The Voice Australia.
Seal Henry Olusegun Olumide Adeola Samuel was born on 19 February 1963 in Paddington, London, England. He is the son of Adebisi and Francis Samuel. His mother is Nigerian, while his father is Brazilian. Seal's name, Olusegun, means "God is victorious" in the Yoruba language. He was raised in a district of the City of Westminster in inner London by his foster family. He received a two-year diploma, or associate's degree, in architecture and worked in various jobs in the London area. Although there have long been rumours as to the cause of the scars on his face, they are in fact the result of a type of Lupus called Discoid lupus erythematosus – a condition that specifically affects the skin above the neck.
wn.com/Seal_(musician) -
William Henry Page
William Henry Page (1861–1934) was a prolific and pioneering historian and editor. For the last three decades of his life was general editor of the Victoria County History.
William Page was born in Paddington, London on 4 September 1861, the fifth of six children of Henry and Georgina Page. He was schooled locally at Dr Westmacott's School and then entered Westminster School, where his education was cut short by the death of his father in 1875.
Georgina then moved the family to Lewisham and Page was articled to a civil engineer. Page had two older brothers, one of whom moved to Australia. Page completed his articles and in about 1881 followed him to take up an engineering post with the Government of Queensland. Page returned to London in 1884.
Page's eldest sister married the record agent and antiquarian William John Hardy, who employed Page from 1885. The business later became the partnership of Page and Hardy, with an office in Lincoln's Inn.
In 1886 Page married Kate Marion Rowe. They settled in Forest Hill and had a daughter (Dorothy) and a son.
wn.com/William_Henry_Page
Paddington
Paddington Bear is a child-like honey-bear from South America (Peru) with a passion for marmalade sandwiches, who is adopted by Mr. and Mrs. Brown when they find him sitting on his suitcase at Paddington Station.
Cast
- Season 1
-
Episode 1: Please Look After This Bear
RAT:1.33 : 1...
-
Episode 2: A Bear in Hot Water
- Episode 3: Paddington Goes Underground
- Episode 4: A Shopping Expedition
- Episode 5: Paddington and the Old Master
- Episode 6: A Spot of Decorating
- Episode 7: A Family Group
- Episode 8: Paddington Makes a Bid
- Episode 9: Do It Yourself
- Episode 10: Trouble at No. 32
- Episode 11: Something Nasty in the Kitchen
- Episode 12: Trouble at the Laundrette
- Episode 13: Too Much Off the Top
- Episode 14: A Visit to the Dentist
- Season 2
- Episode 1: Paddington Cleans Up
- Episode 2: Paddington and the Christmas Shopping
RAT:1.33 : 1...- Episode 3: Mr. Curry Takes a Bath
- Episode 4: Paddington Turns Detective
- Episode 5: Paddington and the Cold Snap
- Episode 6: Trouble at the Waxworks
- Episode 7: Paddington Makes a Clean Sweep
- Episode 8: A Sticky Time
- Episode 9: Paddington Hits the Jackpot
- Episode 10: A Visit to the Hospital
- Episode 11: Paddington Hits Out
- Episode 12: Paddington Recommended
- Episode 13: Fortune Telling
- Episode 14: An Unexpected Party
- Season 3
- Episode 10: Paddington Weighs In
- Episode 11: Paddington Takes a Snip
- Episode 12: A Visit to the Theatre
- Season 4
- Episode 1: Paddington Dines Out
- Episode 2: Paddington Buys a Share
- Episode 3: Trouble in the Bargain Basement
- Episode 4: Paddington in Touch
- Episode 5: Comings and Goings at No 32
Send this Playlist by SMSEmail this Page
Paddington - Please Look After This Bear- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:46
- Updated: 14 Dec 2012
Paddington - Please look after this bear. First episode of the 1975 original series. Produced by Michael Bond and London-based animation company FilmFair. Narrated by Michael Hordern. Uploaded for posterity.http://wn.com/Paddington_Please_Look_After_This_Bear
Paddington - Please look after this bear. First episode of the 1975 original series. Produced by Michael Bond and London-based animation company FilmFair. Narrated by Michael Hordern. Uploaded for posterity.
Paddington Bear - A bear in hot water- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:01
- Updated: 12 Dec 2012
Paddington arrives to the Brown's house and he must take a bath after the sticky cream from the station.http://wn.com/Paddington_Bear_A_bear_in_hot_water
Paddington arrives to the Brown's house and he must take a bath after the sticky cream from the station.
- published: 18 May 2008
- views: 91421
- author: Paddingtonbeartoons
Paddington Bear - A Shopping Expedition- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:40
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
Mrs.Brown and Judy takes Paddington out to go shopping for new Pajamas.http://wn.com/Paddington_Bear_A_Shopping_Expedition
Mrs.Brown and Judy takes Paddington out to go shopping for new Pajamas.
- published: 18 May 2008
- views: 109561
- author: Paddingtonbeartoons
Paddington Bear - Please look after this bear- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:36
- Updated: 06 Nov 2012
The browns take in Paddington Bear after finding Paddington alone at the station.http://wn.com/Paddington_Bear_Please_look_after_this_bear
The browns take in Paddington Bear after finding Paddington alone at the station.
- published: 18 May 2008
- views: 26844
- author: Paddingtonbeartoons
Paddington at the Wheel- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:59
- Updated: 11 Dec 2012
Paddington takes a freewheeling driving test - even though he doesn't know how to drive!http://wn.com/Paddington_at_the_Wheel
Paddington takes a freewheeling driving test - even though he doesn't know how to drive!
- published: 07 Jan 2008
- views: 16778
- author: hunnybear85
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington and the Cold Snap- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:01
- Updated: 11 Dec 2012
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington and the Cold Snap. All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and othershttp://wn.com/The_Adventures_of_Paddington_Bear_Paddington_and_the_Cold_Snap
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington and the Cold Snap. All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others
- published: 06 Dec 2010
- views: 99435
- author: moomootoons
Paddington Bear, Singing in the rain- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:58
- Updated: 12 Dec 2012
Paddington Bear does his take on Gene Kelly's Singin in the rain.http://wn.com/Paddington_Bear,_Singing_in_the_rain
Paddington Bear does his take on Gene Kelly's Singin in the rain.
- published: 26 Jul 2008
- views: 142799
- author: 154696waj
Marmite commercial - Paddington- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:40
- Updated: 14 Dec 2012
Title: Paddington Client: Marmite Product: Squeezy Bottle Director: Daniel Greaves Prod Co: Tandem Agency: DDB/LONDON Post: Framestore CFC @ Framestore CFC Post: Rushes Postproduction @ Rushes Postproduction Sound Design: Zoohttp://wn.com/Marmite_commercial_Paddington
Title: Paddington Client: Marmite Product: Squeezy Bottle Director: Daniel Greaves Prod Co: Tandem Agency: DDB/LONDON Post: Framestore CFC @ Framestore CFC Post: Rushes Postproduction @ Rushes Postproduction Sound Design: Zoo
- published: 19 Sep 2007
- views: 96017
- author: 28stieren
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Intro Theme (closed captions)- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:01
- Updated: 23 Nov 2012
Intro to Cinar's 1997 animated TV series The Adventures of Paddington Bear, made in association with Filmfair, Canal J, ITV, and Teletoon. Based on the stories by Michael Bond. Leaving Darkest Peru to travel to England, Paddingtons arrives in London and meets the Brown family who adopt him. The friendly bear has various adventures both in his new home in England and with the friendly Mr. Gruber around the World. The series lasted fourteen episodes, each containing three stories apiece. Created on October 13, 1958 by Michael Bond, then a camera-man for the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), Paddington is today one of the most recognizable faces in children's literary and has appeared in three animated television series and is currently the advertising mascot for Marmite.http://wn.com/The_Adventures_of_Paddington_Bear_Intro_Theme_closed_captions
Intro to Cinar's 1997 animated TV series The Adventures of Paddington Bear, made in association with Filmfair, Canal J, ITV, and Teletoon. Based on the stories by Michael Bond. Leaving Darkest Peru to travel to England, Paddingtons arrives in London and meets the Brown family who adopt him. The friendly bear has various adventures both in his new home in England and with the friendly Mr. Gruber around the World. The series lasted fourteen episodes, each containing three stories apiece. Created on October 13, 1958 by Michael Bond, then a camera-man for the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), Paddington is today one of the most recognizable faces in children's literary and has appeared in three animated television series and is currently the advertising mascot for Marmite.
- published: 23 Jan 2009
- views: 189767
- author: cartooninpictures
Miś Paddington-sprząta.DAT- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:41
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Miś_Paddington-sprzątaDAT
Paddington and the Cold Snap- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:00
- Updated: 21 Oct 2012
Paddington's attempts to unfreeze Mr. Curry's water pipes only succeed in flooding his neighbor's bathroom.http://wn.com/Paddington_and_the_Cold_Snap
Paddington's attempts to unfreeze Mr. Curry's water pipes only succeed in flooding his neighbor's bathroom.
- published: 12 Dec 2007
- views: 52514
- author: hunnybear85
Marple - 4.50 From Paddington 1 of 10- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:16
- Updated: 11 Dec 2012
Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 1 with Geraldine McEwan Cast Geraldine McEwan ... Miss Jane Marple AMANDA HOLDEN .... Lucy Griff Rhys Jones ... Dr. David Quimper David Warner ... Luther Crackenthorpe Niamh Cusack ... Emma Crackenthorpe Ben Daniels ... Alfred Crackenthorpe Charlie Creed-Miles ... Harold Crackenthorpe Ciarán McMenamin ... Cedric Crackenthorpe Pam Ferris ... Mrs. Elspeth McGillicuddy Tim Stern ... Attendant Michael Landes ... Bryan Eastley Kurtis O'Brien ... Alexander Eastley Toby Marlow ... James Strickland-West Rob Brydon ... Inspector Awdry Rose Keegan ... Lady Alice Crackenthorpe Pip Torrens ... Noël Cowardhttp://wn.com/Marple_450_From_Paddington_1_of_10
Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 1 with Geraldine McEwan Cast Geraldine McEwan ... Miss Jane Marple AMANDA HOLDEN .... Lucy Griff Rhys Jones ... Dr. David Quimper David Warner ... Luther Crackenthorpe Niamh Cusack ... Emma Crackenthorpe Ben Daniels ... Alfred Crackenthorpe Charlie Creed-Miles ... Harold Crackenthorpe Ciarán McMenamin ... Cedric Crackenthorpe Pam Ferris ... Mrs. Elspeth McGillicuddy Tim Stern ... Attendant Michael Landes ... Bryan Eastley Kurtis O'Brien ... Alexander Eastley Toby Marlow ... James Strickland-West Rob Brydon ... Inspector Awdry Rose Keegan ... Lady Alice Crackenthorpe Pip Torrens ... Noël Coward
- published: 06 Feb 2011
- views: 47359
- author: metrak
Train Drivers view Paddington-Hammersmith- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:50
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
A run WB from Paddington thru the grime of inner city West London, from Paddington to Hammersmith on the H+C line, London Underground. The EB run will be posted, also a full trip around the circle line in next couple of days. The stands in platforms have been edited.http://wn.com/Train_Drivers_view_Paddington-Hammersmith
A run WB from Paddington thru the grime of inner city West London, from Paddington to Hammersmith on the H+C line, London Underground. The EB run will be posted, also a full trip around the circle line in next couple of days. The stands in platforms have been edited.
- published: 13 Nov 2006
- views: 64114
- author: poshJosh69
London Paddington station- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:27
- Updated: 11 Nov 2012
15 Aug 2007. Trains arriving and departing, commuters on their way home and a Heathrow Express train.http://wn.com/London_Paddington_station
15 Aug 2007. Trains arriving and departing, commuters on their way home and a Heathrow Express train.
- published: 20 Aug 2007
- views: 19437
- author: Olof Lagerkvist
ours paddington-paddington fait un puzzle- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:08
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
Ours paddington fait un puzzle, et ne ce rends pas conte qu'il fait une bétises.http://wn.com/ours_paddington-paddington_fait_un_puzzle
Ours paddington fait un puzzle, et ne ce rends pas conte qu'il fait une bétises.
- published: 19 Nov 2011
- views: 2690
- author: SuperCachecache
![Railworks 3 [HD] Train Simulator 2012 / Paddington to Oxford](http://web.archive.org./web/20121215010414im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/EV92UorutuE/default.jpg "Railworks 3 [HD] Train Simulator 2012 / Paddington to Oxford")
Railworks 3 [HD] Train Simulator 2012 / Paddington to Oxford- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:16
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
Railworks 3 Train Simulator 2012 Deluxe TS2012 featuring the Rush Hour Run Scenario. High Speed Train FGW White Class 43 HST 1722 Great Western Express departures from London Paddington to Oxford in the evening rush hour. ( It's Autumn ) The train stops in Reading 4 and departing to Oxford 2. Please enjoy the ride ;P Paddington railway station, also known as London Paddington, is a central London railway terminus and London Underground complex. The site is a historic one, having served as the London terminus of the Great Western Railway and its successors since 1838. Much of the current mainline station dates from 1854, and was designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel. The site was first served by Underground trains in 1863, and was the original western terminus of the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground railway. Oxford railway station is a mainline railway station serving the city of Oxford, England. It is about 1/2 miles (800 m) west of the city centre, northwest of Frideswide Square and the eastern end of Botley Road, and on the line linking Reading with Birmingham New Street. It is also on the line for trains between London Paddington and Hereford via Worcester Shrub Hill. It is a starting point for fast and local trains to London Paddington and for local trains to Reading, Worcester and Bicester Town. The station is operated by First Great Western, and also served by CrossCountry and Chiltern Railways trains. Recorded with Fraps 1920x1200 All settings set ...http://wn.com/Railworks_3_HD_Train_Simulator_2012_Paddington_to_Oxford
Railworks 3 Train Simulator 2012 Deluxe TS2012 featuring the Rush Hour Run Scenario. High Speed Train FGW White Class 43 HST 1722 Great Western Express departures from London Paddington to Oxford in the evening rush hour. ( It's Autumn ) The train stops in Reading 4 and departing to Oxford 2. Please enjoy the ride ;P Paddington railway station, also known as London Paddington, is a central London railway terminus and London Underground complex. The site is a historic one, having served as the London terminus of the Great Western Railway and its successors since 1838. Much of the current mainline station dates from 1854, and was designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel. The site was first served by Underground trains in 1863, and was the original western terminus of the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground railway. Oxford railway station is a mainline railway station serving the city of Oxford, England. It is about 1/2 miles (800 m) west of the city centre, northwest of Frideswide Square and the eastern end of Botley Road, and on the line linking Reading with Birmingham New Street. It is also on the line for trains between London Paddington and Hereford via Worcester Shrub Hill. It is a starting point for fast and local trains to London Paddington and for local trains to Reading, Worcester and Bicester Town. The station is operated by First Great Western, and also served by CrossCountry and Chiltern Railways trains. Recorded with Fraps 1920x1200 All settings set ...
- published: 11 Oct 2011
- views: 15006
- author: JohnyBravoSix
Paddington Bear Polish Intro- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:01
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
Polska czołówka Misia Paddingtona. www.boomerangtv.yoyo.plhttp://wn.com/Paddington_Bear_Polish_Intro
Polska czołówka Misia Paddingtona. www.boomerangtv.yoyo.pl
- published: 10 Oct 2010
- views: 12632
- author: ziomekrol2
The Saints - Live At Paddington Town Hall part 1 (1977)- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:16
- Updated: 14 Dec 2012
Music from Australia and New Zealand in the year 1977: The Saints' legendary performance at the Paddington Town Hall, on the 21st of April 1977. Set List: 1) This Perfect Day 2) Run Down 3) Erotic Neurotic Band Origin: Brisbane, QLD, Australia Track: listed above Album: (I'm) Standed Composed By: Produced By: Label: EMI Chart Position: Release Date: Links: - en.wikipedia.org - www.saintsmusic.com - saints.binke.com.au Line-up: Chris Bailey - Vocals [ Kid Galahad and the Eternals (1973-1975) -- The Saints (1975-present) -- solo (early nineties) ] Ed Kuepper - Guitar [ Kid Galahad & The Eternals -- The Saints (1977-1978) -- The Laughing Clowns (1979-1985) -- solo artist (1985-present) -- The Aints (1991) ] Ivor Hay - Drums Kym Bradshaw - Bass [ The Saints (1975-1978) -- The Lurkers (UK act: 1978) ] -------------------------------------- NZOZ NZOZ1977 1977 Australia Late Seventies 1970's 1970s 70's 70s Extended Tags: Chris Bailey, Ed Kuepper, Algy Ward, The Damned Musical Terms: Old School, Punk, Rock, Aussie, Old Australian Bandhttp://wn.com/The_Saints_Live_At_Paddington_Town_Hall_part_1_1977
Music from Australia and New Zealand in the year 1977: The Saints' legendary performance at the Paddington Town Hall, on the 21st of April 1977. Set List: 1) This Perfect Day 2) Run Down 3) Erotic Neurotic Band Origin: Brisbane, QLD, Australia Track: listed above Album: (I'm) Standed Composed By: Produced By: Label: EMI Chart Position: Release Date: Links: - en.wikipedia.org - www.saintsmusic.com - saints.binke.com.au Line-up: Chris Bailey - Vocals [ Kid Galahad and the Eternals (1973-1975) -- The Saints (1975-present) -- solo (early nineties) ] Ed Kuepper - Guitar [ Kid Galahad & The Eternals -- The Saints (1977-1978) -- The Laughing Clowns (1979-1985) -- solo artist (1985-present) -- The Aints (1991) ] Ivor Hay - Drums Kym Bradshaw - Bass [ The Saints (1975-1978) -- The Lurkers (UK act: 1978) ] -------------------------------------- NZOZ NZOZ1977 1977 Australia Late Seventies 1970's 1970s 70's 70s Extended Tags: Chris Bailey, Ed Kuepper, Algy Ward, The Damned Musical Terms: Old School, Punk, Rock, Aussie, Old Australian Band
- published: 05 Mar 2007
- views: 35697
- author: nzoz1977
Paddington Bear Marmite TV Commercial- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:40
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
First broadcast on British TV on 13th September 2007. What next? Fireman Sam becoming a policeman? Madness!http://wn.com/Paddington_Bear_Marmite_TV_Commercial
First broadcast on British TV on 13th September 2007. What next? Fireman Sam becoming a policeman? Madness!
- published: 21 Sep 2007
- views: 73337
- author: 00377448
The Saints - Live At Paddington Town Hall II (1977)- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:50
- Updated: 14 Dec 2012
Music from Australia and New Zealand in the year 1977: The Saints' legendary performance at the Paddington Town Hall, on the 21st of April 1977. Set List: 1) Demolition Girl 2) Nights In Venice Band Origin: Brisbane, QLD, Australia Track: listed above Album: (I'm) Stranded Composed By: Produced By: Label: EMI Chart Position: Release Date: Links: - en.wikipedia.org - www.saintsmusic.com - saints.binke.com.au Line-up: Chris Bailey - Vocals [ Kid Galahad and the Eternals (1973-1975) -- The Saints (1975-present) -- solo (early nineties) ] Ed Kuepper - Guitar [ Kid Galahad & The Eternals -- The Saints (1977-1978) -- The Laughing Clowns (1979-1985) -- solo artist (1985-present) -- The Aints (1991) ] Ivor Hay - Drums Kym Bradshaw - Bass [ The Saints (1975-1978) -- The Lurkers (UK act: 1978) ] -------------------------------------- NZOZ NZOZ1977 1977 Australia Late Seventies 1970's 1970s 70's 70s Extended Tags: Chris Bailey, Ed Kuepper, Algy Ward, The Damned Musical Terms: Old School, Punk, Rock, Aussie, Old Australian Bandhttp://wn.com/The_Saints_Live_At_Paddington_Town_Hall_II_1977
Music from Australia and New Zealand in the year 1977: The Saints' legendary performance at the Paddington Town Hall, on the 21st of April 1977. Set List: 1) Demolition Girl 2) Nights In Venice Band Origin: Brisbane, QLD, Australia Track: listed above Album: (I'm) Stranded Composed By: Produced By: Label: EMI Chart Position: Release Date: Links: - en.wikipedia.org - www.saintsmusic.com - saints.binke.com.au Line-up: Chris Bailey - Vocals [ Kid Galahad and the Eternals (1973-1975) -- The Saints (1975-present) -- solo (early nineties) ] Ed Kuepper - Guitar [ Kid Galahad & The Eternals -- The Saints (1977-1978) -- The Laughing Clowns (1979-1985) -- solo artist (1985-present) -- The Aints (1991) ] Ivor Hay - Drums Kym Bradshaw - Bass [ The Saints (1975-1978) -- The Lurkers (UK act: 1978) ] -------------------------------------- NZOZ NZOZ1977 1977 Australia Late Seventies 1970's 1970s 70's 70s Extended Tags: Chris Bailey, Ed Kuepper, Algy Ward, The Damned Musical Terms: Old School, Punk, Rock, Aussie, Old Australian Band
- published: 04 Mar 2007
- views: 22797
- author: nzoz1977
Miss Marple. 4 50 from Paddington - part 1- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:51
- Updated: 06 Dec 2012
Marple is a British television series based on the Miss Marple and other murder mystery novels by Agatha Christie. It is also known as Agatha Christie's Marple. The title character was played by Geraldine McEwan from the first to third series, until her retirement from the role. She was replaced by Julia McKenzie, from the fourth series onwards. Each episode is known for having many well-known co-stars. The episodes (that have been adapted from the original novels and the screenplays) have been written by Kevin Elyot, Stephen Churchett, Stewart Harcourt, Tom MacRae, Patrick Barlow, Paul Rutman, and Russell Lewihttp://wn.com/Miss_Marple_4_50_from_Paddington_part_1
Marple is a British television series based on the Miss Marple and other murder mystery novels by Agatha Christie. It is also known as Agatha Christie's Marple. The title character was played by Geraldine McEwan from the first to third series, until her retirement from the role. She was replaced by Julia McKenzie, from the fourth series onwards. Each episode is known for having many well-known co-stars. The episodes (that have been adapted from the original novels and the screenplays) have been written by Kevin Elyot, Stephen Churchett, Stewart Harcourt, Tom MacRae, Patrick Barlow, Paul Rutman, and Russell Lewi
- published: 28 Nov 2011
- views: 2603
- author: Colleen Swinden
Paddington Green Ep1-Dominique Moore and Lia Saville- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:09
- Updated: 27 Sep 2012
The passionate daily dramas of an extraordinary cast of real life westenders are explored. In four square miles of west London their lives are united by the concerns we all share: romance, finance and family. A fly on the wall documentary 8:50 to Paddington Green Dominique Moore and Lia Saville's story BBC Lion Televisionhttp://wn.com/Paddington_Green_Ep1-Dominique_Moore_and_Lia_Saville
The passionate daily dramas of an extraordinary cast of real life westenders are explored. In four square miles of west London their lives are united by the concerns we all share: romance, finance and family. A fly on the wall documentary 8:50 to Paddington Green Dominique Moore and Lia Saville's story BBC Lion Television
- published: 26 Dec 2008
- views: 5782
- author: Domsno1fan
6024 King Edward I hauling 'The Bristolian' to London Paddington- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:10
- Updated: 14 Dec 2012
Back to the Great Western 6024 King Edward I makes it's final run over the GWML to London Paddington before overhaul, running Pathfinder Tours 'The Bristolian'. Beginning at Swindon 6024 pulls away from a signal check passing the very buildings where she was built at Swindon Works in perfect spring conditions. To Paddington Station the terminus of the Great Western Railway every detail of this grand station can be seen as 6024 gracefully reaches the end of the line. This may possibly of been the last GWR King locomotive to run to Paddington before radical changes including electrification takes place. Unlike previous films I've made which is normally full-on action I decided to go more into the level of detail with 6024 into significantly historical areas, Swindon and Paddington were no exception especially for a Great Western locomotive. These scenes along with other sequences of 6024 are now featured in the OVP DVD '6024 KING EDWARD I (2004-2012)' see www.ovpsteam.co.uk for more details. © Ryan Skinner, GreatWestern175http://wn.com/6024_King_Edward_I_hauling_'The_Bristolian'_to_London_Paddington
Back to the Great Western 6024 King Edward I makes it's final run over the GWML to London Paddington before overhaul, running Pathfinder Tours 'The Bristolian'. Beginning at Swindon 6024 pulls away from a signal check passing the very buildings where she was built at Swindon Works in perfect spring conditions. To Paddington Station the terminus of the Great Western Railway every detail of this grand station can be seen as 6024 gracefully reaches the end of the line. This may possibly of been the last GWR King locomotive to run to Paddington before radical changes including electrification takes place. Unlike previous films I've made which is normally full-on action I decided to go more into the level of detail with 6024 into significantly historical areas, Swindon and Paddington were no exception especially for a Great Western locomotive. These scenes along with other sequences of 6024 are now featured in the OVP DVD '6024 KING EDWARD I (2004-2012)' see www.ovpsteam.co.uk for more details. © Ryan Skinner, GreatWestern175
- published: 04 Mar 2012
- views: 1933
- author: GreatWestern175
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Marple - 4.50 From Paddington 1 of 10- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:16
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 1 with Geraldine McEwan Cast Geraldine McEwan ... Miss Jane Marple AMANDA HOLDEN .... Lucy Griff Rhys Jones ... Dr. David Quimper David Warner ... Luther Crackenthorpe Niamh Cusack ... Emma Crackenthorpe Ben Daniels ... Alfred Crackenthorpe Charlie Creed-Miles ... Harold Crackenthorpe Ciarán McMenamin ... Cedric Crackenthorpe Pam Ferris ... Mrs. Elspeth McGillicuddy Tim Stern ... Attendant Michael Landes ... Bryan Eastley Kurtis O'Brien ... Alexander Eastley Toby Marlow ... James Strickland-West Rob Brydon ... Inspector Awdry Rose Keegan ... Lady Alice Crackenthorpe Pip Torrens ... Noël Cowardhttp://wn.com/Marple_450_From_Paddington_1_of_10
Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 1 with Geraldine McEwan Cast Geraldine McEwan ... Miss Jane Marple AMANDA HOLDEN .... Lucy Griff Rhys Jones ... Dr. David Quimper David Warner ... Luther Crackenthorpe Niamh Cusack ... Emma Crackenthorpe Ben Daniels ... Alfred Crackenthorpe Charlie Creed-Miles ... Harold Crackenthorpe Ciarán McMenamin ... Cedric Crackenthorpe Pam Ferris ... Mrs. Elspeth McGillicuddy Tim Stern ... Attendant Michael Landes ... Bryan Eastley Kurtis O'Brien ... Alexander Eastley Toby Marlow ... James Strickland-West Rob Brydon ... Inspector Awdry Rose Keegan ... Lady Alice Crackenthorpe Pip Torrens ... Noël Coward
- published: 06 Feb 2011
- views: 47610
- author: metrak
Marple - 4.50 From Paddington 2 of 10- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:26
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 2 with Geraldine McEwanhttp://wn.com/Marple_450_From_Paddington_2_of_10
Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 2 with Geraldine McEwan
- published: 06 Feb 2011
- views: 27446
- author: metrak
Marple - 4.50 From Paddington 3 of 10- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:31
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 3 with Geraldine McEwan Cast Geraldine McEwan ... Miss Jane Marple Griff Rhys Jones ... Dr. David Quimper David Warner ... Luther Crackenthorpe Niamh Cusack ... Emma Crackenthorpe Ben Daniels ... Alfred Crackenthorpe Charlie Creed-Miles ... Harold Crackenthorpe Ciarán McMenamin ... Cedric Crackenthorpe Pam Ferris ... Mrs. Elspeth McGillicuddy AMANDA HOLDEN .... Lucy Tim Stern ... Attendant Michael Landes ... Bryan Eastley Kurtis O'Brien ... Alexander Eastley Toby Marlow ... James Strickland-West Rob Brydon ... Inspector Awdry Rose Keegan ... Lady Alice Crackenthorpe Pip Torrens ... Noël Cowardhttp://wn.com/Marple_450_From_Paddington_3_of_10
Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 3 with Geraldine McEwan Cast Geraldine McEwan ... Miss Jane Marple Griff Rhys Jones ... Dr. David Quimper David Warner ... Luther Crackenthorpe Niamh Cusack ... Emma Crackenthorpe Ben Daniels ... Alfred Crackenthorpe Charlie Creed-Miles ... Harold Crackenthorpe Ciarán McMenamin ... Cedric Crackenthorpe Pam Ferris ... Mrs. Elspeth McGillicuddy AMANDA HOLDEN .... Lucy Tim Stern ... Attendant Michael Landes ... Bryan Eastley Kurtis O'Brien ... Alexander Eastley Toby Marlow ... James Strickland-West Rob Brydon ... Inspector Awdry Rose Keegan ... Lady Alice Crackenthorpe Pip Torrens ... Noël Coward
- published: 06 Feb 2011
- views: 27461
- author: metrak
Marple - 4.50 From Paddington 4 of 10- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:24
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 4 with Geraldine McEwanhttp://wn.com/Marple_450_From_Paddington_4_of_10
Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 4 with Geraldine McEwan
- published: 06 Feb 2011
- views: 21657
- author: metrak
Marple - 4.50 From Paddington 5 of 10- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:25
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 5 with Geraldine McEwanhttp://wn.com/Marple_450_From_Paddington_5_of_10
Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 5 with Geraldine McEwan
- published: 06 Feb 2011
- views: 20175
- author: metrak
Marple - 4.50 From Paddington 6 of 10- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:29
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 6 with Geraldine McEwanhttp://wn.com/Marple_450_From_Paddington_6_of_10
Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 6 with Geraldine McEwan
- published: 06 Feb 2011
- views: 19625
- author: metrak
Marple - 4.50 From Paddington 7 of 10- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:25
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 8 with Geraldine McEwanhttp://wn.com/Marple_450_From_Paddington_7_of_10
Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 8 with Geraldine McEwan
- published: 06 Feb 2011
- views: 18148
- author: metrak
Marple - 4.50 From Paddington 8 of 10- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:28
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 8 with Geraldine McEwanhttp://wn.com/Marple_450_From_Paddington_8_of_10
Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 8 with Geraldine McEwan
- published: 06 Feb 2011
- views: 17702
- author: metrak
Marple - 4.50 From Paddington 9 of 10- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:32
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 9 with Geraldine McEwanhttp://wn.com/Marple_450_From_Paddington_9_of_10
Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 9 with Geraldine McEwan
- published: 06 Feb 2011
- views: 18504
- author: metrak
Marple - 4.50 From Paddington 10 of 10- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:07
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 10 with Geraldine McEwanhttp://wn.com/Marple_450_From_Paddington_10_of_10
Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 10 with Geraldine McEwan
- published: 06 Feb 2011
- views: 22705
- author: metrak
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Paddington Bear, Singing in the rain- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:58
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Paddington Bear does his take on Gene Kelly's Singin in the rain.http://wn.com/Paddington_Bear,_Singing_in_the_rain
Paddington Bear does his take on Gene Kelly's Singin in the rain.
- published: 26 Nov 2011
- views: 142964
- author: helen0725
Paddington Bear Marmite TV Commercial- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:40
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
First broadcast on British TV on 13th September 2007. What next? Fireman Sam becoming a policeman? Madness!http://wn.com/Paddington_Bear_Marmite_TV_Commercial
First broadcast on British TV on 13th September 2007. What next? Fireman Sam becoming a policeman? Madness!
- published: 26 Nov 2011
- views: 73353
- author: helen0725
Paddington Bear - Paddington Goes underground- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:20
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
After getting up and walking with Judy and Mrs.Brown to the Undergrund. Paddington gets sperated by accient.http://wn.com/Paddington_Bear_Paddington_Goes_underground
After getting up and walking with Judy and Mrs.Brown to the Undergrund. Paddington gets sperated by accient.
- published: 26 Nov 2011
- views: 67945
- author: helen0725
Paddington Bear - A bear in hot water- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Paddington arrives to the Brown's house and he must take a bath after the sticky cream from the station.http://wn.com/Paddington_Bear_A_bear_in_hot_water
Paddington arrives to the Brown's house and he must take a bath after the sticky cream from the station.
- published: 26 Nov 2011
- views: 91721
- author: helen0725
Paddington Bear - A Shopping Expedition- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:40
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Mrs.Brown and Judy takes Paddington out to go shopping for new Pajamas.http://wn.com/Paddington_Bear_A_Shopping_Expedition
Mrs.Brown and Judy takes Paddington out to go shopping for new Pajamas.
- published: 26 Nov 2011
- views: 109583
- author: helen0725
Paddington - Please Look After This Bear- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:46
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Paddington - Please look after this bear. First episode of the 1975 original series. Produced by Michael Bond and London-based animation company FilmFair. Narrated by Michael Hordern. Uploaded for posterity.http://wn.com/Paddington_Please_Look_After_This_Bear
Paddington - Please look after this bear. First episode of the 1975 original series. Produced by Michael Bond and London-based animation company FilmFair. Narrated by Michael Hordern. Uploaded for posterity.
- published: 26 Nov 2011
- views: 170300
- author: helen0725
Paddington Bear - The Classic Series - Clip- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:50
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Paddington Bear: The Complete Classic Series NOW AVAILABLE ON DVD FROM MILL CREEK ENTERTAINMENT Dressed in his characteristic duffle coat and oversized hat, cuddly Paddington Bear has been capturing the imagination of children around the world for generations. Paddington Bear, the series based on the internationally acclaimed books by Michael Bond, remains one of the most successful children's programs ever produced in the UK. A stow-away from darkest Peru, Paddington eventually finds himself alone in Paddington Station, a tag around his neck reading: "Please look after this bear. Thank you." When the Brown family take him home, they get a lot more than they bargained for.http://wn.com/Paddington_Bear_The_Classic_Series_Clip
Paddington Bear: The Complete Classic Series NOW AVAILABLE ON DVD FROM MILL CREEK ENTERTAINMENT Dressed in his characteristic duffle coat and oversized hat, cuddly Paddington Bear has been capturing the imagination of children around the world for generations. Paddington Bear, the series based on the internationally acclaimed books by Michael Bond, remains one of the most successful children's programs ever produced in the UK. A stow-away from darkest Peru, Paddington eventually finds himself alone in Paddington Station, a tag around his neck reading: "Please look after this bear. Thank you." When the Brown family take him home, they get a lot more than they bargained for.
- published: 08 Dec 2011
- views: 3042
- author: helen0725
The Making of Paddington Bear's Marmite Advert- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:33
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
You've seen the ad (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YaJ154r77EU) and read the reaction ... all » (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6994531.stm). Now see how it was made... Paddington eating marmite sandwiches? You better believe it! Enjoy...http://wn.com/The_Making_of_Paddington_Bear's_Marmite_Advert
You've seen the ad (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YaJ154r77EU) and read the reaction ... all » (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6994531.stm). Now see how it was made... Paddington eating marmite sandwiches? You better believe it! Enjoy...
- published: 08 Dec 2011
- views: 13344
- author: helen0725
Paddington Bear - Please look after this bear- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:36
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The browns take in Paddington Bear after finding Paddington alone at the station.http://wn.com/Paddington_Bear_Please_look_after_this_bear
The browns take in Paddington Bear after finding Paddington alone at the station.
- published: 08 Dec 2011
- views: 26896
- author: helen0725
Scouse Paddington Bear (OFFICIAL VIDEO) (By Josh Owens)- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:34
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Paddington arrives at his hotel, but trouble looms. When this video was removed from my josho2007 channel it had 226,667 views.http://wn.com/Scouse_Paddington_Bear_OFFICIAL_VIDEO_By_Josh_Owens
Paddington arrives at his hotel, but trouble looms. When this video was removed from my josho2007 channel it had 226,667 views.
- published: 08 Dec 2011
- views: 66787
- author: helen0725
Paddington Bear - Snowy Day- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:17
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
This episode of Paddington Bear the animated adventures was recorded in the mid 80's I believe, Paddington get all worked up because it's the first time he's seen snow. Sorry about the low volume it was an old tape.http://wn.com/Paddington_Bear_Snowy_Day
This episode of Paddington Bear the animated adventures was recorded in the mid 80's I believe, Paddington get all worked up because it's the first time he's seen snow. Sorry about the low volume it was an old tape.
- published: 08 Dec 2011
- views: 4176
- author: helen0725
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The Adventures of Paddington Bear - The Treasure Hunt- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Paddington hunts for treasure All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and othershttp://wn.com/The_Adventures_of_Paddington_Bear_The_Treasure_Hunt
Paddington hunts for treasure All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others
- published: 15 Oct 2010
- views: 22255
- author: moomootoons
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington Keeps Fit- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Paddington Keeps Fit All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and othershttp://wn.com/The_Adventures_of_Paddington_Bear_Paddington_Keeps_Fit
Paddington Keeps Fit All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others
- published: 15 Oct 2010
- views: 35163
- author: moomootoons
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - A Most Unusual Ceremony- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:02
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Paddington opens a Marmalade factory . All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and othershttp://wn.com/The_Adventures_of_Paddington_Bear_A_Most_Unusual_Ceremony
Paddington opens a Marmalade factory . All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others
- published: 15 Oct 2010
- views: 15721
- author: moomootoons
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - The Greatest Paddington on Earth- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
paddington goes to chinahttp://wn.com/The_Adventures_of_Paddington_Bear_The_Greatest_Paddington_on_Earth
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington Strikes A Bargain- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:02
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Paddington Strikes A Bargain. All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and othershttp://wn.com/The_Adventures_of_Paddington_Bear_Paddington_Strikes_A_Bargain
Paddington Strikes A Bargain. All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others
- published: 06 Dec 2010
- views: 13000
- author: moomootoons
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Pantomime Time- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Pantomime Time. All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and othershttp://wn.com/The_Adventures_of_Paddington_Bear_Pantomime_Time
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Pantomime Time. All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others
- published: 06 Dec 2010
- views: 15249
- author: moomootoons
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington in Alaska- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington in Alaska All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and othershttp://wn.com/The_Adventures_of_Paddington_Bear_Paddington_in_Alaska
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington in Alaska All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others
- published: 06 Dec 2010
- views: 10157
- author: moomootoons
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - A Stitch In Time- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:02
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - A Stitch In Time.flv All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and othershttp://wn.com/The_Adventures_of_Paddington_Bear_A_Stitch_In_Time
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - A Stitch In Time.flv All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others
- published: 06 Dec 2010
- views: 24644
- author: moomootoons
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington and the Cold Snap- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington and the Cold Snap. All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and othershttp://wn.com/The_Adventures_of_Paddington_Bear_Paddington_and_the_Cold_Snap
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington and the Cold Snap. All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others
- published: 06 Dec 2010
- views: 99664
- author: moomootoons
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington and the Yeti- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington and the Yeti. All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and othershttp://wn.com/The_Adventures_of_Paddington_Bear_Paddington_and_the_Yeti
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington and the Yeti. All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others
- published: 06 Dec 2010
- views: 11229
- author: moomootoons
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Everything Comes to Those Who Wait.- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Everything Comes to Those Who Wait. All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and othershttp://wn.com/The_Adventures_of_Paddington_Bear_Everything_Comes_to_Those_Who_Wait
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Everything Comes to Those Who Wait. All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others
- published: 20 Dec 2010
- views: 11937
- author: moomootoons
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Mr Gruber's Mystery Tour- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
he Adventures of Paddington Bear - Mr Gruber's Mystery Tour All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and othershttp://wn.com/The_Adventures_of_Paddington_Bear_Mr_Gruber's_Mystery_Tour
he Adventures of Paddington Bear - Mr Gruber's Mystery Tour All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others
- published: 20 Dec 2010
- views: 12556
- author: moomootoons
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Bonhomme Paddington- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Bonhomme Paddington All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and othershttp://wn.com/The_Adventures_of_Paddington_Bear_Bonhomme_Paddington
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Bonhomme Paddington All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others
- published: 20 Dec 2010
- views: 10693
- author: moomootoons
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington Gets A Raise- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington Gets A Raise All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others.http://wn.com/The_Adventures_of_Paddington_Bear_Paddington_Gets_A_Raise
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington Gets A Raise All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others.
- published: 20 Dec 2010
- views: 9748
- author: moomootoons
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington's Puzzle- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington's Puzzle All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others.http://wn.com/The_Adventures_of_Paddington_Bear_Paddington's_Puzzle
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington's Puzzle All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others.
- published: 21 Dec 2010
- views: 13129
- author: moomootoons
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington At The Rock Garden- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Paddington At The Rock Gardenhttp://wn.com/The_Adventures_of_Paddington_Bear_Paddington_At_The_Rock_Garden
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington Clocks In- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
paddington clocks inhttp://wn.com/The_Adventures_of_Paddington_Bear_Paddington_Clocks_In
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington Goes Swiss- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Paddington Goes Swisshttp://wn.com/The_Adventures_of_Paddington_Bear_Paddington_Goes_Swiss
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Trouble at the Bargain Basement- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:02
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
trouble at the bargain basementhttp://wn.com/The_Adventures_of_Paddington_Bear_Trouble_at_the_Bargain_Basement
9:16
Marple - 4.50 From Paddington 1 of 10Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 1 with Geraldine McEwan Cast Geraldine McEwan ......published: 06 Feb 2011author: metrakMarple - 4.50 From Paddington 1 of 10Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 1 with Geraldine McEwan Cast Geraldine McEwan ... Miss Jane Marple AMANDA HOLDEN .... Lucy Griff Rhys Jones ... Dr. David Quimper David Warner ... Luther Crackenthorpe Niamh Cusack ... Emma Crackenthorpe Ben Daniels ... Alfred Crackenthorpe Charlie Creed-Miles ... Harold Crackenthorpe Ciarán McMenamin ... Cedric Crackenthorpe Pam Ferris ... Mrs. Elspeth McGillicuddy Tim Stern ... Attendant Michael Landes ... Bryan Eastley Kurtis O'Brien ... Alexander Eastley Toby Marlow ... James Strickland-West Rob Brydon ... Inspector Awdry Rose Keegan ... Lady Alice Crackenthorpe Pip Torrens ... Noël Coward
- published: 06 Feb 2011
- views: 47610
- author: metrak
9:31
Marple - 4.50 From Paddington 3 of 10Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 3 with Geraldine McEwan Cast Geraldine McEwan ......published: 06 Feb 2011author: metrakMarple - 4.50 From Paddington 3 of 10Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 3 with Geraldine McEwan Cast Geraldine McEwan ... Miss Jane Marple Griff Rhys Jones ... Dr. David Quimper David Warner ... Luther Crackenthorpe Niamh Cusack ... Emma Crackenthorpe Ben Daniels ... Alfred Crackenthorpe Charlie Creed-Miles ... Harold Crackenthorpe Ciarán McMenamin ... Cedric Crackenthorpe Pam Ferris ... Mrs. Elspeth McGillicuddy AMANDA HOLDEN .... Lucy Tim Stern ... Attendant Michael Landes ... Bryan Eastley Kurtis O'Brien ... Alexander Eastley Toby Marlow ... James Strickland-West Rob Brydon ... Inspector Awdry Rose Keegan ... Lady Alice Crackenthorpe Pip Torrens ... Noël Coward
- published: 06 Feb 2011
- views: 27461
- author: metrak
9:07
Marple - 4.50 From Paddington 10 of 10Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 10 with Geraldine McEwan...published: 06 Feb 2011author: metrakMarple - 4.50 From Paddington 10 of 10Miss Marple 4.50 from Paddington part 10 with Geraldine McEwan
- published: 06 Feb 2011
- views: 22705
- author: metrak
Vimeo results:1:35
Red Threads - Paddington Store LaunchRed Cross is excited to announce the opening of their new flagship fashion boutique, Red T...published: 19 Apr 2011author: Australian Red CrossRed Threads - Paddington Store LaunchRed Cross is excited to announce the opening of their new flagship fashion boutique, Red Threads, in Sydney. The store is a treasure trove of handpicked recycled and new one-off fashion pieces for women. "Red Threads will appeal to fashionistas and op-shoppers alike" said Olivia Cozzolino, Red Cross' General Manager, Merchandise. 390 Oxford St, Paddington - opposite the lively Paddington Markets!
3:58
Paddington Bear, Singing in the rainPaddington Bear does his take on Gene Kelly's Singin in the rain....published: 26 Nov 2011author: helen0725Paddington Bear, Singing in the rainPaddington Bear does his take on Gene Kelly's Singin in the rain.
- published: 26 Nov 2011
- views: 142964
- author: helen0725
0:40
Paddington Bear Marmite TV CommercialFirst broadcast on British TV on 13th September 2007. What next? Fireman Sam becoming a po...published: 26 Nov 2011author: helen0725Paddington Bear Marmite TV CommercialFirst broadcast on British TV on 13th September 2007. What next? Fireman Sam becoming a policeman? Madness!
- published: 26 Nov 2011
- views: 73353
- author: helen0725
4:20
Paddington Bear - Paddington Goes undergroundAfter getting up and walking with Judy and Mrs.Brown to the Undergrund. Paddington gets sp...published: 26 Nov 2011author: helen0725Paddington Bear - Paddington Goes undergroundAfter getting up and walking with Judy and Mrs.Brown to the Undergrund. Paddington gets sperated by accient.
- published: 26 Nov 2011
- views: 67945
- author: helen0725
5:01
Paddington Bear - A bear in hot waterPaddington arrives to the Brown's house and he must take a bath after the sticky cream fro...published: 26 Nov 2011author: helen0725Paddington Bear - A bear in hot waterPaddington arrives to the Brown's house and he must take a bath after the sticky cream from the station.
- published: 26 Nov 2011
- views: 91721
- author: helen0725
4:40
Paddington Bear - A Shopping ExpeditionMrs.Brown and Judy takes Paddington out to go shopping for new Pajamas....published: 26 Nov 2011author: helen0725Paddington Bear - A Shopping ExpeditionMrs.Brown and Judy takes Paddington out to go shopping for new Pajamas.
- published: 26 Nov 2011
- views: 109583
- author: helen0725
4:46
Paddington - Please Look After This BearPaddington - Please look after this bear. First episode of the 1975 original series. Pro...published: 26 Nov 2011author: helen0725Paddington - Please Look After This BearPaddington - Please look after this bear. First episode of the 1975 original series. Produced by Michael Bond and London-based animation company FilmFair. Narrated by Michael Hordern. Uploaded for posterity.
- published: 26 Nov 2011
- views: 170300
- author: helen0725
1:50
Paddington Bear - The Classic Series - ClipPaddington Bear: The Complete Classic Series NOW AVAILABLE ON DVD FROM MILL CREEK ENTERTA...published: 08 Dec 2011author: helen0725Paddington Bear - The Classic Series - ClipPaddington Bear: The Complete Classic Series NOW AVAILABLE ON DVD FROM MILL CREEK ENTERTAINMENT Dressed in his characteristic duffle coat and oversized hat, cuddly Paddington Bear has been capturing the imagination of children around the world for generations. Paddington Bear, the series based on the internationally acclaimed books by Michael Bond, remains one of the most successful children's programs ever produced in the UK. A stow-away from darkest Peru, Paddington eventually finds himself alone in Paddington Station, a tag around his neck reading: "Please look after this bear. Thank you." When the Brown family take him home, they get a lot more than they bargained for.
- published: 08 Dec 2011
- views: 3042
- author: helen0725
2:33
The Making of Paddington Bear's Marmite AdvertYou've seen the ad (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YaJ154r77EU) and read the reaction ......published: 08 Dec 2011author: helen0725The Making of Paddington Bear's Marmite AdvertYou've seen the ad (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YaJ154r77EU) and read the reaction ... all » (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6994531.stm). Now see how it was made... Paddington eating marmite sandwiches? You better believe it! Enjoy...
- published: 08 Dec 2011
- views: 13344
- author: helen0725
4:36
Paddington Bear - Please look after this bearThe browns take in Paddington Bear after finding Paddington alone at the station....published: 08 Dec 2011author: helen0725Paddington Bear - Please look after this bearThe browns take in Paddington Bear after finding Paddington alone at the station.
- published: 08 Dec 2011
- views: 26896
- author: helen0725
1:34
Scouse Paddington Bear (OFFICIAL VIDEO) (By Josh Owens)Paddington arrives at his hotel, but trouble looms. When this video was removed from my j...published: 08 Dec 2011author: helen0725Scouse Paddington Bear (OFFICIAL VIDEO) (By Josh Owens)Paddington arrives at his hotel, but trouble looms. When this video was removed from my josho2007 channel it had 226,667 views.
- published: 08 Dec 2011
- views: 66787
- author: helen0725
4:17
Paddington Bear - Snowy DayThis episode of Paddington Bear the animated adventures was recorded in the mid 80's I bel...published: 08 Dec 2011author: helen0725Paddington Bear - Snowy DayThis episode of Paddington Bear the animated adventures was recorded in the mid 80's I believe, Paddington get all worked up because it's the first time he's seen snow. Sorry about the low volume it was an old tape.
- published: 08 Dec 2011
- views: 4176
- author: helen0725
Vimeo results:1:35
Red Threads - Paddington Store LaunchRed Cross is excited to announce the opening of their new flagship fashion boutique, Red T...published: 19 Apr 2011author: Australian Red CrossRed Threads - Paddington Store LaunchRed Cross is excited to announce the opening of their new flagship fashion boutique, Red Threads, in Sydney. The store is a treasure trove of handpicked recycled and new one-off fashion pieces for women. "Red Threads will appeal to fashionistas and op-shoppers alike" said Olivia Cozzolino, Red Cross' General Manager, Merchandise. 390 Oxford St, Paddington - opposite the lively Paddington Markets!
8:01
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - The Treasure HuntPaddington hunts for treasure All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar...published: 15 Oct 2010author: moomootoonsThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - The Treasure HuntPaddington hunts for treasure All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others
- published: 15 Oct 2010
- views: 22255
- author: moomootoons
8:01
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington Keeps FitPaddington Keeps Fit All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertain...published: 15 Oct 2010author: moomootoonsThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington Keeps FitPaddington Keeps Fit All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others
- published: 15 Oct 2010
- views: 35163
- author: moomootoons
8:02
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - A Most Unusual CeremonyPaddington opens a Marmalade factory . All copyrights owned by their respective owners Co...published: 15 Oct 2010author: moomootoonsThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - A Most Unusual CeremonyPaddington opens a Marmalade factory . All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others
- published: 15 Oct 2010
- views: 15721
- author: moomootoons
7:01
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - The Greatest Paddington on Earthpaddington goes to china...published: 15 Oct 2010author: moomootoonsThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - The Greatest Paddington on Earthpaddington goes to china
- published: 15 Oct 2010
- views: 13982
- author: moomootoons
8:02
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington Strikes A BargainPaddington Strikes A Bargain. All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar ...published: 06 Dec 2010author: moomootoonsThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington Strikes A BargainPaddington Strikes A Bargain. All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others
- published: 06 Dec 2010
- views: 13000
- author: moomootoons
8:01
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Pantomime TimeThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Pantomime Time. All copyrights owned by their respect...published: 06 Dec 2010author: moomootoonsThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Pantomime TimeThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Pantomime Time. All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others
- published: 06 Dec 2010
- views: 15249
- author: moomootoons
7:01
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington in AlaskaThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington in Alaska All copyrights owned by their re...published: 06 Dec 2010author: moomootoonsThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington in AlaskaThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington in Alaska All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others
- published: 06 Dec 2010
- views: 10157
- author: moomootoons
8:02
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - A Stitch In TimeThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - A Stitch In Time.flv All copyrights owned by their re...published: 06 Dec 2010author: moomootoonsThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - A Stitch In TimeThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - A Stitch In Time.flv All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others
- published: 06 Dec 2010
- views: 24644
- author: moomootoons
8:01
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington and the Cold SnapThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington and the Cold Snap. All copyrights owned by...published: 06 Dec 2010author: moomootoonsThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington and the Cold SnapThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington and the Cold Snap. All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others
- published: 06 Dec 2010
- views: 99664
- author: moomootoons
7:01
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington and the YetiThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington and the Yeti. All copyrights owned by the...published: 06 Dec 2010author: moomootoonsThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington and the YetiThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington and the Yeti. All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others
- published: 06 Dec 2010
- views: 11229
- author: moomootoons
8:01
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Everything Comes to Those Who Wait.The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Everything Comes to Those Who Wait. All copyrights own...published: 20 Dec 2010author: moomootoonsThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Everything Comes to Those Who Wait.The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Everything Comes to Those Who Wait. All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others
- published: 20 Dec 2010
- views: 11937
- author: moomootoons
8:01
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Mr Gruber's Mystery Tourhe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Mr Gruber's Mystery Tour All copyrights owned by their ...published: 20 Dec 2010author: moomootoonsThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Mr Gruber's Mystery Tourhe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Mr Gruber's Mystery Tour All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others
- published: 20 Dec 2010
- views: 12556
- author: moomootoons
7:01
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Bonhomme PaddingtonThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Bonhomme Paddington All copyrights owned by their resp...published: 20 Dec 2010author: moomootoonsThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Bonhomme PaddingtonThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Bonhomme Paddington All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others
- published: 20 Dec 2010
- views: 10693
- author: moomootoons
8:01
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington Gets A RaiseThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington Gets A Raise All copyrights owned by their...published: 20 Dec 2010author: moomootoonsThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington Gets A RaiseThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington Gets A Raise All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others.
- published: 20 Dec 2010
- views: 9748
- author: moomootoons
Vimeo results:1:35
Red Threads - Paddington Store LaunchRed Cross is excited to announce the opening of their new flagship fashion boutique, Red T...published: 19 Apr 2011author: Australian Red CrossRed Threads - Paddington Store LaunchRed Cross is excited to announce the opening of their new flagship fashion boutique, Red Threads, in Sydney. The store is a treasure trove of handpicked recycled and new one-off fashion pieces for women. "Red Threads will appeal to fashionistas and op-shoppers alike" said Olivia Cozzolino, Red Cross' General Manager, Merchandise. 390 Oxford St, Paddington - opposite the lively Paddington Markets!
Youtube results:8:01
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington's PuzzleThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington's Puzzle All copyrights owned by their res...published: 21 Dec 2010author: moomootoonsThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington's PuzzleThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington's Puzzle All copyrights owned by their respective owners Cookie Jar Entertainment and others.
- published: 21 Dec 2010
- views: 13129
- author: moomootoons
7:01
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington At The Rock GardenPaddington At The Rock Garden...published: 07 May 2011author: moomootoonsThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington At The Rock GardenPaddington At The Rock Garden
- published: 07 May 2011
- views: 6477
- author: moomootoons
8:01
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington Clocks Inpaddington clocks in...published: 07 May 2011author: moomootoonsThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington Clocks Inpaddington clocks in
- published: 07 May 2011
- views: 10514
- author: moomootoons
7:01
The Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington Goes SwissPaddington Goes Swiss...published: 07 May 2011author: moomootoonsThe Adventures of Paddington Bear - Paddington Goes SwissPaddington Goes Swiss
- published: 07 May 2011
- views: 21126
- author: moomootoons
Al Jazeeraphoto: AP / Nick Ut
14 Dec 2012Former President Bill Clinton, President Barack Obama, First Lady Michelle Obama, and Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer, meet 55-year-old Martha Sellers. For the past nine years, Sellers has worked as a Walmart cashier in Paramount, California ... More than 10,000 community members joined more than 30 striking employees who walked off the job to demand better working conditions. . "It was wonderful ... That's not too much to ask for." ... 1698 ... ....(size: 23.6Kb)Novostiphoto: AP / Manu Brabo
13 Dec 2012MOSCOW, December 13 (RIA Novosti) – Syrian rebels behind the kidnapping of Ukrainian journalist Ankhar Kochneva have released a video threatening more attacks on Russians and Ukrainians, as a deadline for her execution approaches on Thursday. Kochneva, a 40-year-old Ukrainian citizen, was abducted in October by Syrian rebels as she traveled to the city of Homs, and has been held there by them since, they claim ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)BBC Newsphoto: AP / KCNA
14 Dec 2012North Koreans have gathered in Pyongyang for a mass rally to celebrate Wednesday's long-range rocket launch. State television showed huge crowds cheering to mark the launch, which has been condemned by many nations as a banned test of missile technology. South Korea, meanwhile, says it has retrieved debris from the rocket and will study it to assess its technology. The first stage of the rocket fell west of the Korean peninsula ... ....(size: 2.7Kb)CNTVphoto: AP / Manu Brabo
14 Dec 2012One of Syria's key allies has admitted for the first time the Assad regime is losing the 20-month ground war. Russia’s deputy foreign minister’s comments are significant because Russia has blocked action to stem the violence, supplied weapons to the Assad regime, and vetoed three UN resolutions -- even as other countries called for Assad to step down. The comments are expected to put new pressure on the Syrian leader ... Reporter ... ... ....(size: 6.6Kb)Belfast Telegraphphoto: AP / Lee Jin-man
13 Dec 2012The head of the internet giant Google has defiantly defended his company’s tax avoidance strategy claiming he was “proud” of the steps it had taken to cut its tax bill which were just “capitalism”. In an interview in New York Eric Schmidt, Google’s Chairman, confirmed the company had no intention of paying more to the UK exchequer ... “I am very proud of the structure that we set up ... ” ....(size: 3.7Kb)
noodls14 Dec 2012(Source. British Transport Police). 14 Dec 2012 10.00. Local BTP teams are now tweeting in Birmingham, Cardiff, Liverpool, London and West Yorkshire. British Transport Police's (BTP) Neighbourhood Policing Teams (NPTs) are now utilising digital communications to engage with local communities and passengers - they're on Twitter! ... Birmingham ... Cardiff ... Paddington - covering the London Paddington national rail terminus and Underground stations....(size: 6.2Kb)Entertainment Weekly14 Dec 2012The Hobbit is a children’s book. Or at least it used to be. Before J.R.R ... If you read the book as a kid, you almost certainly wanted to see it adapted into a movie. Today, your wish is finally granted. Kind of ... EW’s visual guru Jef Castro cooked up some posters for Hobbit-ized versions of Charlotte’s Web, Little House on the Prairie, Paddington, Goodnight Moon, and The Butter Battle Book ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)noodls14 Dec 2012(Source. Centennial Park and Moore Park Trust) ... Moonlight Cinema will be showing from mid December 2012 to Sunday 31 March 2013. The following road closures will be in place during this time. Carrington Drive will become a one-way from Woollahra Gates to Paddington Gates at 5.30 pm, December through to March each Moonlight Cinema screening day. Carrington Drive will be closed at Parkes Drive to eastbound traffic including cyclists ... (noodl....(size: 3.1Kb)Canberra Times14 Dec 2012Married ... Hamish Blake and Zoe Foster. Photo. Getty. Gold Logie winner Hamish Blake secretly wed his long-time girlfriend, the writer Zoe Foster, in an intimate ceremony this week ... Foster tweeted ... And now, viva la funnymoon!’’ ... The couture gown is believed to have been made by Paddington designer Steven Khalil - who has become the designer du jour for local celebrity brides in much the same way Vera Wang is internationally ... ....(size: 3.3Kb)Sheerluxe13 Dec 2012Fans of Asian cuisine should hot foot it to See Sushi’s newly expanded Paddington location to experience its ......(size: 0.6Kb)Deccan Chronicle13 Dec 2012A photo on Paddington's Imperial Hotel's Facebook page shows promo 'girls' wearing Carlton Draught branded clothes while ironing a shirt ... ....(size: 0.7Kb)Sydney Morning Herald13 Dec 2012''IN RESPONSE to Dhar Manto's query about what makes birds start calling in the morning,'' writes the redoubtable John Frith, of Paddington (Column 8, Wednesday), ''different species will start at different times around dawn according to their diurnal rhythm ... There may be a cascade effect hearing other birds from their species but it is largely dependent on the light as it comes over the horizon.'' ... Hu-RRUMPH! ... Really?'' Advertisement ....(size: 2.2Kb)The Independent13 Dec 2012iPhone users can at last find their way after Google last night launched its Maps app for the Apple phone ... In London alone it located Paddington station two miles to the east, airbrushed QPR’s Loftus Road football ground out of existence, buried south London suburb Crofton Park in the middle of nearby Brockley Cemetry and misspelt Shepherds Bush as Shepards Bush among other mistakes ... ....(size: 2.0Kb)The Guardian13 Dec 2012Hailed as 'free, fast and fantastic' standalone app brings to an end the agony of users forced to use Apple's own version ... Photograph. guardian.co.uk ... Users reported that railway stations had been imagined, the Sears Tower in Chicago had been mislabelled, Paddington Station in London had ceased to exist and searches for 'London' directed UK iPhone users to the Canadian London in Ontario, rather than Britain's teaming metropolis ... ....(size: 4.3Kb)BBC News13 Dec 2012Police hope advances in technology and DNA analysis can help solve cases of several unidentified bodies, dating back to 1970. Thames Valley Police renewed appeals this week in eight unrelated incidents across Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire ... Case 1 ... He was believed to have been hit by a diesel train travelling from London Paddington, which was examined by inspectors when it arrived in Bristol ... Case 2 ... Case 3 ... He had no teeth ... ....(size: 7.5Kb)noodls12 Dec 2012(Source. UNITE). Claims that Crossrail contractors have met with an organisation dedicated to compiling blacklists of construction workers needs to be urgently investigated by London's Transport Commissioner, Peter Hendy ... Vince Passfield said ... This incident closed two lines from Paddington Station and might easily have become a major disaster. ... ENDS ... The general secretary is Len McCluskey. distributed by ... (noodl. 16928690) ....(size: 4.0Kb)noodls12 Dec 2012... since then is £3.3 billion 480,485 units were produced at Sunderland plant in 2011 Sunderland Plant currently employs 5,400 people Nissan's European Design Centre is located in Paddington, London and employs around 50 people Nissan's European Technical Centre is based in Cranfield, Bedfordshire and employs around 500 people distributed by....(size: 4.8Kb)noodls12 Dec 2012... and announced since then is £3.3 billion 480,485 units were produced at Sunderland plant in 2011 Sunderland Plant currently employs 5,400 people Nissan's European Design Centre is located in Paddington, London and employs around 50 people Nissan's European Technical Centre is based in Cranfield, Bedfordshire and employs around 500 people....(size: 6.6Kb)For other places with the same name, see Paddington (disambiguation).Coordinates: 51°31′02″N 0°10′23″W / 51.5172°N 0.1730°W / 51.5172; -0.1730
Paddington 
St Mary's Hospital
Paddington
Paddington shown within Greater LondonOS grid reference TQ267814 London borough Westminster Ceremonial county Greater London Region London Country England Sovereign state United Kingdom Post town LONDON Postcode district W2 Dialling code 020 Police Metropolitan Fire London Ambulance London EU Parliament London UK Parliament Cities of London and Westminster London Assembly West Central List of places: UK • England • London Paddington is a district within the City of Westminster, in central London, England. Formerly a metropolitan borough, it was integrated with Westminster and Greater London in 1965. Three important landmarks of the district are Paddington station, designed by the celebrated engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel and opened in 1847; St Mary's Hospital and Paddington Green Police Station (the most important high-security police station in the United Kingdom).
A major project called Paddington Waterside aims to regenerate former railway and canal land between 1998 and 2018, and the area is seeing many new developments.
Contents
History[link]
The earliest extant reference to Padington, historically a part of Middlesex, was made in 1056.[citation needed]
In the later Elizabethan and early Stuart era, the rectory and associated estate houses were occupied by the Small (or Smale) family. Nicholas Small was a clothworker sufficiently well connected to have his new wife's (Jane Small) portrait painted by Holbein. Nicholas died in 1565 and his wife married again, to Nicholas Parkinson, who also resided in Paddington. Parkinson went on to be the Master of the Clothworker's company. Jane Small continued to live in Paddington after her second husband's death, and her manor house was big enough to have been let to Sir John Popham, the attorney general, in the 1580s. At this time there was an inn attached to the estate, named Blowers.[1]
By 1773, a contemporary historian determined that "London may now be said to include two cities, one borough and forty six antient villages", Paddington and adjoining Marybone (Marylebone) being named as two of those villages.[2]
Roman roads formed the parish's north-eastern and southern boundaries from Marble Arch: Watling Street (later Edgware Road) and the Uxbridge road, known by the 1860s as Bayswater Road. They were toll roads in the 18th century, before and after the dismantling of the permanent Tyburn gallows "tree" at their junction in 1759. By 1800, the area was also traversed by the Harrow Road and an arm of the Grand Union Canal.[3]:p 174
Slang based on Paddington[link]
Webster's dictionary[4] defines three slang terms related to Paddington: "Paddington Fair Day" which refers to a public hanging day at the Tyburn gallows (Tyburn being part of Paddington Parish); "Paddington Fair" which means a public execution; and "To dance the Paddington frisk" which means "to be hanged". Webster's dictionary cites Brewer's Dictionary and the Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1811, for these uses of Paddington. Public executions were abolished in England in 1868.[5]
Railway station[link]
Main article: London Paddington station
Mainline station.
Paddington station is the terminus for commuter services to the west of England (e.g., Slough, Maidenhead, Reading, Swindon) and mainline services to Oxford, Bristol, Bath, Taunton, Exeter, Plymouth, Cornwall and South Wales (including Cardiff, Bridgend and Swansea). The Heathrow Express serves Heathrow Airport.
In the station are statues of its designer, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, and the children's fiction character Paddington Bear.
Redevelopment[link]
Main article: Paddington WatersideCommercial traffic on the canal dwindled in the second half of the 19th century and early 20th century, and freight moved from rail to road after World War II, leading to the abandonment of the goods yards in the early 1980s. The land lay derelict until the Paddington Waterside Partnership was established in 1998 to coordinate the regeneration of the area between the Westway, Praed Street and Westbourne Terrace. This includes major developments on the goods yard site (now branded PaddingtonCentral) and around the canal (Paddington Basin).
Economy[link]
Kingfisher plc has its head office in Paddington.[6]
People from Paddington[link]
- William, Duke of Cambridge 2nd in Line of Succession to the British throne
- Prince Harry of Wales 3rd in Line of Succession to the British throne
- Robert Baden-Powell, a Lieutenant-General in the British Army, writer, and founder of the Scout Movement
- Major-General Edward Bailey Ashmore, Army officer who served in the Royal Artillery, the Royal Flying Corps, and the Royal Air Force, and founded the Royal Observer Corps
- Lieutenant-Colonel George Thomas Dorrell, Army officer and recipient of the Victoria Cross
- Air Commodore Ferdinand Maurice Felix West, Royal Air Force officer and recipient of the Victoria Cross
- William Page, historian and general editor of the Victoria County History
- Joan Collins, actress, author and columnist
- Emma Thompson, actress, comedian and screenwriter
- Alfred Molina, actor
- Keifer Sutherland, actor
- Seal, singer-songwriter
- Elvis Costello, singer-songwriter
- George Osborne, Conservative politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom
- Alan Johnson, Labour politician, former Home Secretary
- Joe Cole, professional footballer
- Les Ferdinand, professional footballer
Notable residents[link]
The Victorian poet Robert Browning moved from No. 1 Chichester Road to Beauchamp Lodge, 19 Warwick Crescent, in 1862 and lived there until 1887.[3]:pp 198-204 He is reputed to have named that precinct, on the junction of two canals, "Little Venice", a legend that was disputed by Lord Kinross in 1966[7] and by London Canals.[8] Both assert that Lord Byron humorously coined the name, which is now applied more loosely to a longer reach of the canal system.
St Mary's Hospital in Praed Street is the site of several notable medical accomplishments. In 1874, C.R. Alder Wright synthesised heroin (diacetylmorphine). Also there, in 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming first isolated penicillin, earning the award of a Nobel Prize. The hospital has an Alexander Fleming Laboratory Museum[9] where visitors can see Fleming's laboratory, restored to its 1928 condition, and explore the story of Fleming and the discovery and development of penicillin through displays and video.
Edward Wilson, physician, naturalist and ornithologist, who died in 1912 on Captain Robert Scott's ill-fated British Antarctic expedition, had earlier practised as a doctor in Paddington. The former Senior Street primary school was renamed the Edward Wilson School after him in 1951.[3]:pp 265-271
British painter Lucian Freud had his studio in Paddington, first at Delamere Terrace from 1943 to 1962, and then at 124 Clarendon Crescent from 1962 to 1977.[10]
Education[link]
For education in Paddington, see List of schools in the City of Westminster.Paddington in literature[link]
Seventeenth century Paddington is one of the settings in the fiction based on fact novel 'A Spurious Brood', which tells the story of Katherine More, whose children were transported to America on board the Pilgrim Fathers' ship, the Mayflower.
Paddington Bear, from deepest, darkest, Peru, immigrated to England via Paddington Station.
Gallery[link]
-
Paddington Basin, Grand Union Canal
-
Edgware Road
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Sussex Gardens
-
Victoria pub, Gloucester Square
See also[link]
- Paddington Bridge
- Paddington Green TV series
- Pretty Polly Perkins of Paddington Green
- Paddington Green conservation area
References[link]
- ^ Holbein's Miniature of Jane Pemberton - a further note. Author: Lorne Campbell. Source: The Burlington Magazine, Vol. 132, No. 1044 (Mar., 1990), pp. 213-214.
- ^ Noorthouck, J., A New History of London 1773 (Book 2, Ch. 1: Situation and general view of London) Date accessed: 6 July 2009.
- ^ a b c Elrington C R (Editor), Baker T F T, Bolton D K , Croot P E C (1989) A History of the County of Middlesex Paddington pages in Volume 9, pp 173-272
- ^ http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/Paddington
- ^ Brewer, Rev E. Cobham A Dictionary of Phrase and Fable Odhams, London, p.811
- ^ "Kingfisher Group." Kingfisher plc. Retrieved on 2 February 2011. "Corporate Responsibility Kingfisher plc 3 Sheldon Square Paddington London W2 6PX."
- ^ Letter to the Daily Telegraph, 1966
- ^ The history of the place name known as 'Little Venice'
- ^ Fleming Museum
- ^ Debray, C Lucian Freud: The Studio (2010)
- Noorthouk J A New History of London (1773) Online edition sponsored by Centre for Metropolitan History
- Elrington C R (Editor), Baker T F T, Bolton D K, Croot P E C (1989) Paddington-Introduction in A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 9 pp 173–272 (Links to following sections, or see Table of contents)
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Joan Hickson as Miss MarpleFirst appearance "The Tuesday Night Club" Last appearance Sleeping Murder Created by Agatha Christie Portrayed by Gracie Fields
Margaret Rutherford
Angela Lansbury
Dulcie Gray
Helen Hayes
Joan Hickson
Geraldine McEwan
Julia McKenzie
Isabella Parriss, playing young Miss Marple.Information Gender female Occupation amateur detective Title miss Relatives Raymond West (nephew) Nationality British Jane Marple, usually referred to as Miss Marple, is a fictional character appearing in twelve of Agatha Christie's crime novels and in twenty short stories. Miss Marple is an elderly spinster who lives in the village of St. Mary Mead and acts as an amateur detective. Alongside Hercule Poirot, she is one of the most famous of Christie's characters and has been portrayed numerous times on screen. Her first appearance was in a short story published in The Sketch magazine in 1926, "The Tuesday Night Club",[1] which later became the first chapter of The Thirteen Problems (1932). Her first appearance in a full-length novel was in The Murder at the Vicarage in 1930.
Contents
Character[link]
File:Miss Marple First Image.jpgIllustration by Gilbert Wilkinson of Miss Marple from the December 1927 issue of The Royal Magazine and the first-known image of the character (See The Thirteen Problems)The character of Miss Marple is based on Christie's grandmother and her cronies,[2] but there is no definitive source for the derivation of the name 'Marple'.[3] The most common explanation suggests that the name was taken from the railway station in Marple, Stockport, through which Christie passed, with the alternative account that Christie took it from the home of a Marple family who lived at Marple Hall, near her sister Madge's home at Abney Hall.[3][4] Agatha Christie attributed the inspiration for the character of Miss Marple to a number of sources: Miss Marple was "the sort of old lady who would have been rather like some of my grandmother's Ealing cronies – old ladies whom I have met in so many villages where I have gone to stay as a girl".[5] Christie also used material from her fictional creation, spinster Caroline Sheppard, who appeared in The Murder of Roger Ackroyd. When Michael Morton adapted Roger Ackroyd for the stage, he removed the character of Caroline replacing her with a young girl. This change saddened Christie and she determined to give old maids a voice: Miss Marple was born.[1]
The character of Jane Marple in the first Miss Marple book, The Murder at the Vicarage, is markedly different from how she appears in later books. This early version of Miss Marple is a gleeful gossip and not an especially nice woman. The citizens of St. Mary Mead like her but are often tired by her nosy nature and how she seems to expect the worst of everyone. In later books she becomes more modern and a kinder person.
Miss Marple never married and has no close living relatives. Vicarage introduced Miss Marple's nephew, the "well-known author" Raymond West. His wife Joan (initially called Joyce), a modern artist, was introduced in 1933 in The Thirteen Problems. Raymond tends to be overconfident in himself and underestimates Miss Marple's mental powers. A niece named Mabel, widow of the mysteriously dead Geoffrey Denham, stars in the 1927 short story "The Thumb Mark of Saint Peter." Miss Marple also employs young women from a nearby orphanage, whom she trains for "service" as general housemaids after the retirement of her long-time maid-housekeeper "faithful Florence." In her later years, Miss Marple has a live-in companion named Cherry Baker, who was first introduced in The Mirror Crack'd From Side To Side.
Miss Marple is able to solve difficult crimes not only because of her shrewd intelligence, but because St. Mary Mead, over her lifetime, has given her seemingly infinite examples of the negative side of human nature. No crime can arise without reminding Miss Marple of some parallel incident in the history of her time. Miss Marple's acquaintances are sometimes bored by her frequent analogies to people and events from St. Mary Mead, but these analogies often lead Miss Marple to a deeper realization about the true nature of a crime. Although she looks like a sweet, frail old woman, Miss Marple is not afraid of dead bodies and is not easily intimidated. She also has a remarkable ability to latch onto a casual comment and connect it to the case at hand.
Miss Marple has never worked for her living and is of independent means, although she benefits in her old age from the financial support of Raymond West, her nephew (A Caribbean Mystery, 1964). She demonstrates a remarkably thorough education, including some art courses that involved study of human anatomy through the study of human cadavers. In They Do It with Mirrors (1952), it is revealed that, in her distant youth, Miss Marple spent time in Europe at a finishing school. She is not herself from the aristocracy or landed gentry, but is quite at home among them; Miss Marple would probably have been happy to describe herself as a gentlewoman. In They Do It With Mirrors (1952), it is mentioned that Miss Marple grew up in a cathedral close, and that she studied at an Italian finishing school with Americans Ruth Van Rydock and Caroline "Carrie" Louise Serrocold. (Ruth, prevailing on Miss Marple's long affection for them, arranges for Miss Marple to investigate Ruth's belief that Carrie Louise is in danger of her life.) Miss Marple may thus be considered a female version of that staple of British detective fiction, the gentleman detective. This education, history, and background are hinted at in the Margaret Rutherford films (see below), in which Miss Marple mentions her awards at marksmanship, fencing and equestrianism (although these hints are played for comedic value).
Christie wrote a concluding novel to her Marple series, Sleeping Murder, in 1940. She locked it away in a bank vault so it would be safe should she be killed in the Blitz. The novel was not published until shortly after Christie's death in 1976, some thirty-six years after it was originally written.
While Miss Marple is described as 'an old lady' in many of the stories, her age is mentioned in "At Bertram's Hotel", where it is said she visited the hotel when she was 14 and almost 60 years have passed since then. Excluding "Sleeping Murder", forty-one years passed between the first and last-written novels, and many characters grow and age. An example would be the Vicar's son. At the end of The Murder at the Vicarage, the Vicar's wife is pregnant. In The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side, it is mentioned that the son is now grown and successful and has a career. The effects of ageing are seen on Miss Marple, such as needing a vacation after illness in A Caribbean Mystery or finding in The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side that because of poor eyesight she can no longer knit.
Novels featuring Miss Marple[link]
- The Murder at the Vicarage (1930)
- The Body in the Library (1942)
- The Moving Finger (1943)
- A Murder is Announced (1950)
- They Do It with Mirrors, or Murder with Mirrors (1952)
- A Pocket Full of Rye (1953)
- 4.50 from Paddington, or What Mrs. McGillicuddy Saw! (1957)
- The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side, or The Mirror Crack'd (1962)
- A Caribbean Mystery (1964)
- At Bertram's Hotel (1965)
- Nemesis (1971)
- Sleeping Murder (written around 1940, published 1976)
Miss Marple short story collections[link]
- "The Tuesday Night Club" (short story) featured Miss Marple for the first time ever. Written in 1927.
- The Thirteen Problems (short story collection featuring Miss Marple, also published as The Tuesday Club Murders) (1932)
- Miss Marple's Final Cases and Two Other Stories (short stories collected posthumously, also published as Miss Marple's Final Cases, but only six of the eight stories actually feature Miss Marple) (written between 1939 and 1954, published 1979)
- Miss Marple: The Complete Short Stories, Hardcover, 243 pages, Published 1985 by Dodd, Mead NY, ISBN 0-396-08747-7 includes 20 from 4 sets: The Tuesday Club Murders, The Regatta Mystery, Three Blind Mice and Other Stories, and Double Sin and Other Stories.
Miss Marple also appears in Greenshaw's Folly, a short story traditionally included as part of the Poirot collection The Adventure of the Christmas Pudding (1960). Four stories in the Three Blind Mice collection (1950) feature Miss Marple: Strange Jest, Tape-Measure Murder, The Case of the Caretaker, and The Case of the Perfect Maid.
Books about Miss Marple[link]
Films[link]
Margaret Rutherford[link]
Although popular from her first appearance in 1930, Jane Marple had to wait thirty-two years for her first big-screen appearance. When she made it, the results, starring Margaret Rutherford, were popular and successful light comedies, but were disappointing to Christie herself; nevertheless, Agatha Christie dedicated the novel The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side to Rutherford.
Murder, She Said (1961, directed by George Pollock) was the first of four British MGM productions starring Rutherford. She presented the character as a bold and eccentric old lady, different from the prim and birdlike character Christie created in her novels. This first film was based on the 1957 novel 4:50 from Paddington (U.S. title, What Mrs. McGillicuddy Saw!), and the changes made in the plot were typical of the series. In the film, Mrs. McGillicuddy does not see anything because there is no Mrs. McGillicuddy. Miss Marple herself sees an apparent murder committed on a train running alongside hers. Likewise, it is Miss Marple herself who poses as a maid to find out the facts of the case, not a young friend of hers who has made a business of it. Joan Hickson played the part of the home help in this film and can claim to have appeared in two Miss Marple series.
The other Rutherford films (all directed by George Pollock) were Murder at the Gallop (1963), based on the 1953 Hercule Poirot novel After the Funeral (In this film, she is identified as Miss JTV Marple, though there was no indication as to what the extra initials might stand for); Murder Most Foul (1964), based on the 1952 Poirot novel Mrs McGinty's Dead; and Murder Ahoy! (1964). The last film is not based on any Christie work but displays a few plot elements from They Do It With Mirrors (viz., the ship is used as a reform school for wayward boys and one of the teachers uses them as a crime force), and there is a kind of salute to The Mousetrap. Rutherford also appeared briefly as Miss Marple in the spoof Hercule Poirot adventure The Alphabet Murders (1965).
The music to all four films was composed and conducted by Ron Goodwin and is still played on radio today. The same theme is used on all four films with slight variations on each. The main theme has a distinct 1960s feel to it and is known to be a highly complex piece of music due to the quick playing of the Violin. The score was written within a couple of weeks by Goodwin who was approached by George Pollock after Pollock had heard about him from Stanley Black. Black had worked with Pollock on "Stranger in Town" in 1957 and years previously Stanley Black had used Ron Goodwin as his orchestrator.[6]
Rutherford, who was 70 years old when the first film was made, insisted that she wear her own clothes during the filming of the movie, as well as having her real-life husband, Stringer Davis appear alongside her as the character 'Mr Stringer'. The Rutherford films are frequently repeated on television in Germany, and in that country Miss Marple is generally identified with Rutherford's quirky portrayal.[7]
Angela Lansbury[link]
In 1980, Angela Lansbury played Miss Marple in The Mirror Crack'd (EMI, directed by Guy Hamilton), based on Christie's 1962 novel. The film featured an all-star cast that included Elizabeth Taylor, Rock Hudson, Geraldine Chaplin, Tony Curtis, and Kim Novak. Edward Fox appeared as Inspector Craddock, who did Miss Marple's legwork. Lansbury's Marple was a crisp, intelligent woman who moved stiffly and spoke in clipped tones. Unlike most incarnations of Miss Marple, this one smoked cigarettes.
Ita Ever[link]
In 1983, Estonian stage and film actress Ita Ever starred in the Russian language film adaptation of Agatha Christie's novel A Pocket Full of Rye (using the Russian edition's translated title, The Secret of the Blackbirds) as the character of Miss Marple.[8]
Jennifer Garner[link]
In March 2011 it was reported that The Walt Disney Company had acquired the cinematic rights to the Miss Marple character, and was planning a contemporary adaptation to be set in the United States. [9] It was reported that Jennifer Garner would portray Miss Marple in the new franchise, and that Mark Frost had been hired to write the script for the first film.[9][10]
Television, stage and radio adaptations[link]
Television[link]
American TV was the setting for the first dramatic portrayal of Miss Marple with Gracie Fields, the legendary British actress, playing her in a 1956 episode of Goodyear TV Playhouse based on A Murder Is Announced, the 1950 Christie novel.
In 1970, the character of Miss Marple was portrayed by Inge Langen in a West German television adaptation of The Murder at the Vicarage (Mord im Pfarrhaus).[8]
American stage and screen legend Helen Hayes portrayed Miss Marple in two American made-for-TV movies, both for CBS: A Caribbean Mystery (1983) and Murder with Mirrors (1984). Sue Grafton contributed to the screenplay of the former. Hayes's Marple was benign and chirpy.
From 1984 to 1992, the BBC adapted all of the original Miss Marple novels as a series titled Miss Marple. Joan Hickson played the lead role. (Coincidentally, Hickson had played a housekeeper in the first film in which Margaret Rutherford played Miss Marple.) [11]
Listing of the TV series featuring Joan Hickson:
- The Body in the Library (1984)
- A Murder is Announced (1985)
- A Pocket Full of Rye (1985)
- The Moving Finger (1985)
- The Murder at the Vicarage (1986) - BAFTA nomination
- Sleeping Murder (1987)
- At Bertram's Hotel (1987)
- Nemesis (1987) - BAFTA nomination
- 4.50 from Paddington (1987)
- A Caribbean Mystery (1989)
- They Do It With Mirrors (1991)
- The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side (1992)
Angela Lansbury, who had played Miss Marple in the movie, The Mirror Crack'd, directed by Guy Hamilton, went on to star in the TV series Murder, She Wrote as Jessica Fletcher, a mystery novelist who also solves crimes. The character of Jessica Fletcher is thought[12] to be based on a combination of Miss Marple, Agatha Christie herself, and another Christie character, Ariadne Oliver, who often appears in the Hercule Poirot mysteries.
Beginning in 2004, ITV broadcast a series of adaptations of Agatha Christie's books under the title Agatha Christie's Marple, usually referred to as Marple. Geraldine McEwan starred in the first three series. One other TV movie called "At Bertram's Hotel" (2007). Julia McKenzie took over the role in the fourth season. The adaptions are notable for changing the plots and characters of the original books (e.g., incorporating lesbian affairs, changing killer identities, renaming or removing significant characters, and even using stories from other books in which Miss Marple did not originally feature).
Listing of the TV series featuring Geraldine McEwan and Julia McKenzie:
- The Body in the Library (2004)
- The Murder at the Vicarage (2004)
- 4.50 from Paddington (2004)
- A Murder is Announced (2005)
- Sleeping Murder (2005)
- The Moving Finger (2006)
- By the Pricking of My Thumbs (2006)
- The Sittaford Mystery (2006)
- At Bertram's Hotel (2007) with Isabella Parriss, playing the young Marple.
- Ordeal by Innocence (2007)
- Towards Zero (2008)
- Nemesis (2008)
- A Pocket Full of Rye (2009)
- Murder is Easy (2009)
- They Do It with Mirrors (2009)
- Why Didn't They Ask Evans? (2009)
- The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side (2010)
- The Secret of Chimneys (2010)
- The Blue Geranium (2010)
- The Pale Horse (2010)
From 2004 to 2005, Japanese TV network NHK produced a 39 episode anime series titled Agatha Christie's Great Detectives Poirot and Marple, which features both Miss Marple and Hercule Poirot. Miss Marple's voice is provided by Kaoru Yachigusa.
Stage[link]
In 1974, Barbara Mullen played Miss Marple in Murder at the Vicarage at the Savoy Theatre, London. In September 1977, veteran actress and authoress Dulcie Gray played the Miss Marple character in a stage adaptation of A Murder Is Announced at the Vaudeville Theatre in London, England[13] that featured also Dinah Sheridan, Eleanor Summerfield, Patricia Brake and Barbara Flynn.[14]
Radio[link]
BBC Radio 4 dramatised all of the novels from 1993-2001 with June Whitfield as Miss Marple.[15]
Title Show Episodes Episode Frequency Original airdate Murder At the Vicarage 5 Daily 26–30 December 1993 A Pocket Full of Rye The Saturday Playhouse 1 11 February 1995 At Bertram's Hotel 5 Daily 25–29 December 1995 The 4:50 From Paddington The Saturday Playhouse 1 29 March 1997 A Caribbean Mystery 5 Weekly 30 October - 27 November 1997 The Mirror Crack'd From Side to Side Agatha Christie Special 1 29 August 1998 Nemesis 5 Weekly 9 November - 7 December 1998 The Body In the Library The Saturday Play 1 22 May 1999 A Murder Is Announced 5 Weekly 9 August - 6 September 1999 The Moving Finger The Saturday Play 1 5 May 2001 They Do It With Mirrors 5 Weekly 23 July 2001 - 20 August 2001 Sleeping Murder The Saturday Play 1 8 December 2001 Other appearances[link]
File:Jane Marple in Case Closed.jpgMarple, as she appeared in volume 20 of Case ClosedMarple was highlighted in volume 20 of the Case Closed manga's edition of "Gosho Aoyama's Mystery Library", a section of the graphic novels (usually the last page) where the author introduces a different detective (or occasionally, a villain) from mystery literature, television, or other media.
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ a b http://agathachristie.com/christies-work/detectives-and-sidekicks/miss-marple/
- ^ "Agatha Christie used her grandmother as a model for Miss Marple, new tapes reveal", Stephen Adams, The Daily Telegraph, 16 September 2008.
- ^ a b "Was Miss Marple Born in cheshire?", Cheshire Life, accessed 30 March 2009.
- ^ "Marple's Profile", Hercule Poirot Central, accessed 30 March 2009.
- ^ Agatha Christie (2001). An Autobiography. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-00-635328-7. p.449
- ^ http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0006109/bio
- ^ Phil Clymer. "Filling Miss Marple's Shoes". http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/mystery/marple2/shoes.html. Retrieved 7 March 2012.
- ^ a b PBS Mystery. Miss Marple
- ^ a b Kit, Borys (28 March 2011). "Jennifer Garner, Disney to Bring Agatha Christie's Miss Marple to the Big Screen". The Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/disney-bring-agatha-christies-miss-171933. Retrieved 29 March 2011.
- ^ Child, Ben (29 March 2011). "Jennifer Jennifer Garner chief suspect in hunt for new Miss Marple". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2011/mar/29/jennifer-garner-miss-marple-agatha-christie. Retrieved 29 March 2011.
- ^ These (Page 140). 1990. Virgin Books. ISBN 1-85227-273-2
- ^ Phil Clymer. "Filling Miss Marple's Shoes". http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/mystery/marple2/shoes.html. Retrieved 7 March 2012.
- ^ "Mystery! | A murder is announced | Production notes". Pbs.org. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/mystery/announced/notes.html. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
- ^ Vaudeville Theatre programme, No.29 February 1978
- ^ "Miss Marple on BBC Radio,June Whitfield". Archived from the original on 2009-08-08. http://web.archive.org/web/20090808154228/http://geocities.com/gregorym101/marple.html. Retrieved 21 July 2009.
External links[link]
- Miss Marple at the official Agatha Christie website
- Biography of Miss Marple
- Miss Marple at the Internet Movie Database
- Yahoo Grouplist for Geraldine McEwan
- Marion Shaw and Sabine Vanacker, "Reflecting on Miss Marple"
- Marty S. Knepper, "Reading Agatha Christie's Miss Marple Series: The Thirteen Problems"
Miss MarpleCreator Characters and places - Miss Marple
- St. Mary Mead
Books Novels - The Murder at the Vicarage (1930)
- The Body in the Library (1942)
- The Moving Finger (1942)
- A Murder is Announced (1950)
- They Do It with Mirrors (1952)
- A Pocket Full of Rye (1953)
- 4.50 from Paddington (1957)
- The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side (1962)
- A Caribbean Mystery (1964)
- At Bertram's Hotel (1965)
- Nemesis (1971)
- Sleeping Murder (1976)
Short story
collections- The Thirteen Problems (1932)
- The Regatta Mystery (1939)
- Three Blind Mice and Other Stories (1950)
- The Adventure of the Christmas Pudding (1960)
- Double Sin and Other Stories (1961)
- Miss Marple's Final Cases and Two Other Stories (1979)
Film adaptations Margaret Rutherford - Murder, She Said (1961)
- Murder at the Gallop (1963)
- Murder Most Foul (1964)
- Murder Ahoy! (1964)
- The Alphabet Murders (1965)
Other - The Mirror Crack'd (1980)
- A Caribbean Mystery (1983)
- Murder with Mirrors (1985)
- Shubho Mahurat (2003)
Television adaptations Joan Hickson - Miss Marple (1984–92)
Geraldine McEwan - Agatha Christie's Marple (2004–09)
- Series One (2004–05)
- Series Two (2006)
- Series Three (2007–09)
Julia McKenzie - Agatha Christie's Marple (2009–present)
- Series Four (2009–10)
- Series Five (2010–11)
Other See also Detectives Novels - The Mysterious Affair at Styles
- The Secret Adversary
- The Murder on the Links
- The Man in the Brown Suit
- The Secret of Chimneys
- The Murder of Roger Ackroyd
- The Big Four
- The Mystery of the Blue Train
- The Seven Dials Mystery
- The Murder at the Vicarage
- The Sittaford Mystery
- Peril at End House
- Lord Edgware Dies
- Murder on the Orient Express
- Why Didn't They Ask Evans?
- Three Act Tragedy
- Death in the Clouds
- The A.B.C. Murders
- Murder in Mesopotamia
- Cards on the Table
- Dumb Witness
- Death on the Nile
- Appointment with Death
- Hercule Poirot's Christmas
- Murder Is Easy
- And Then There Were None
- Sad Cypress
- One, Two, Buckle My Shoe
- Evil Under the Sun
- N or M?
- The Body in the Library
- Five Little Pigs
- The Moving Finger
- Towards Zero
- Death Comes as the End
- Sparkling Cyanide
- The Hollow
- Taken at the Flood
- Crooked House
- A Murder Is Announced
- They Came to Baghdad
- Mrs McGinty's Dead
- They Do It with Mirrors
- After the Funeral
- A Pocket Full of Rye
- Destination Unknown
- Hickory Dickory Dock
- Dead Man's Folly
- 4.50 from Paddington
- Ordeal by Innocence
- Cat Among the Pigeons
- The Pale Horse
- The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side
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"Edward I" redirects here. For other kings who might be known by this name, see King Edward.Edward I Longshanks 
Portrait in Westminster Abbey, thought to be of Edward I King of England (more...) Reign 16 November 1272 – 7 July 1307 Coronation 19 August 1274 Predecessor Henry III Successor Edward II Spouse Eleanor of Castile
m. 1254; dec. 1290
Margaret of France
m. 1299; wid. 1307Issue John
Henry
Eleanor, Countess of Bar
Joan, Countess of Hertford
Alphonso, Earl of Chester
Margaret, Duchess of Brabant
Mary of Woodstock
Elizabeth, Countess of Hereford
Edward II of England
Thomas, Earl of Norfolk
Edmund, Earl of KentHouse House of Plantagenet Father Henry III of England Mother Eleanor of Provence Born 17/18 June 1239
Palace of Westminster, London, EnglandDied 7 July 1307(1307-07-07) (aged 68)
Burgh by Sands, Cumberland, EnglandBurial Westminster Abbey, London, England Religion Roman Catholic Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (from Latin: Malleus Scottorum), was King of England from 1272 to 1307. The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved early in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons. In 1259, he briefly sided with a baronial reform movement, supporting the Provisions of Oxford. After reconciliation with his father, however, he remained loyal throughout the subsequent armed conflict, known as the Second Barons' War. After the Battle of Lewes, Edward was hostage to the rebellious barons, but escaped after a few months and joined the fight against Simon de Montfort. Montfort was defeated at the Battle of Evesham in 1265, and within two years the rebellion was extinguished. With England pacified, Edward left on a crusade to the Holy Land. The crusade accomplished little, and Edward was on his way home in 1272 when he was informed that his father had died. Making a slow return, he reached England in 1274 and he was crowned king at Westminster on 19 August.
He spent much of his reign reforming royal administration and common law. Through an extensive legal inquiry, Edward investigated the tenure of various feudal liberties, while the law was reformed through a series of statutes regulating criminal and property law. Increasingly, however, Edward's attention was drawn towards military affairs. After suppressing a minor rebellion in Wales in 1276–77, Edward responded to a second rebellion in 1282–83 with a full-scale war of conquest. After a successful campaign, Edward subjected Wales to English rule, built a series of castles and towns in the countryside and settled them with Englishmen. Next, his efforts were directed towards Scotland. Initially invited to arbitrate a succession dispute, Edward claimed feudal suzerainty over the kingdom. In the war that followed, the Scots persevered, even though the English seemed victorious at several points. At the same time there were problems at home. In the mid-1290s, extensive military campaigns required high levels of taxation, and Edward met with both lay and ecclesiastical opposition. These crises were initially averted, but issues remained unsettled. When the king died in 1307, he left to his son, Edward II, an ongoing war with Scotland and many financial and political problems.
Edward I was a tall man for his era, hence the nickname "Longshanks". He was temperamental, and this, along with his height, made him an intimidating man, and he often instilled fear in his contemporaries. Nevertheless, he held the respect of his subjects for the way he embodied the medieval ideal of kingship, as a soldier, an administrator and a man of faith. Modern historians have been more divided on their assessment of the king; while some have praised him for his contribution to the law and administration, others have criticised him for his uncompromising attitude to his nobility. Currently, Edward I is credited with many accomplishments during his reign, including restoring royal authority after the reign of Henry III, establishing parliament as a permanent institution and thereby also a functional system for raising taxes, and reforming the law through statutes. At the same time, he is also often criticised for other actions, such as his brutal conduct towards the Scots, and issuing the Edict of Expulsion in 1290, by which the Jews were expelled from England. The Edict remained in effect for the rest of the Middle Ages, and it would be over 350 years until it was formally overturned in 1656.
Contents
Early years[link]
Childhood and marriage[link]
Early fourteenth-century manuscript initial showing Edward and his wife Eleanor. The artist has perhaps tried to depict Edward's blepharoptosis, a trait he inherited from his father.[1]Edward was born at the Palace of Westminster on the night of 17–18 June 1239, to King Henry III and Eleanor of Provence.[2] Although the young prince was seriously ill on several occasions, in 1246, 1247, and 1251, he grew up to be strong and healthy.[3] Edward was in the care of Hugh Giffard — father of the future Chancellor Godfrey Giffard — until Bartholomew Pecche took over at Giffard's death in 1246.[4] Among his childhood friends was his cousin Henry of Almain, son of King Henry's brother Richard of Cornwall.[3] Henry of Almain would remain a close companion of the prince, both through the civil war that followed, and later during the crusade.[5]
In 1254, English fears of a Castilian invasion of the English province of Gascony induced Edward's father to arrange a politically expedient marriage between his fourteen-year-old son and Eleanor, the half-sister of King Alfonso X of Castile.[6] Eleanor and Edward were married on 1 November 1254 in the Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas in Castile.[7] As part of the marriage agreement, the young prince received grants of land worth 15,000 marks a year.[8] Though the endowments King Henry made were sizeable, they offered Edward little independence. He had already received Gascony as early as 1249, but Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, had been appointed as royal lieutenant the year before and, consequently, drew its income, so in practice Edward derived neither authority nor revenue from this province.[9] The grant he received in 1254 included most of Ireland, and much land in Wales and England, including the earldom of Chester, but the king retained much control over the land in question, particularly in Ireland, so Edward's power was limited there as well, and the king derived most of the income from those lands.[10]
From 1254 to 1257, Edward was under the influence of his mother's relatives, known as the Savoyards,[11] the most notable of whom was Peter of Savoy, the queen's uncle.[12] After 1257, Edward increasingly fell in with the Poitevin or Lusignan faction — the half-brothers of his father Henry III — led by such men as William de Valence.[13] This association was significant, because the two groups of privileged foreigners were resented by the established English aristocracy, and they would be at the centre of the ensuing years' baronial reform movement.[14] There were tales of unruly and violent conduct by Edward and his Lusignan kinsmen, which raised questions about the royal heir's personal qualities. The next years would be formative on Edward's character.[15]
Early ambitions[link]
Edward had shown independence in political matters as early as 1255, when he sided with the Soler family in Gascony, in the ongoing conflict between the Soler and Colomb families. This ran contrary to his father's policy of mediation between the local factions.[16] In May 1258, a group of magnates drew up a document for reform of the king’s government — the so-called Provisions of Oxford — largely directed against the Lusignans. Edward stood by his political allies and strongly opposed the Provisions. The reform movement succeeded in limiting the Lusignan influence, however, and gradually Edward’s attitude started to change. In March 1259, he entered into a formal alliance with one of the main reformers, Richard de Clare, Earl of Gloucester. Then, on 15 October 1259, he announced that he supported the barons' goals, and their leader, Simon de Montfort.[17]
The motive behind Edward's change of heart could have been purely pragmatic; Montfort was in a good position to support his cause in Gascony.[18] When the king left for France in November, Edward's behaviour turned into pure insubordination. He made several appointments to advance the cause of the reformers, causing his father to believe that his son was considering a coup d'état.[19] When the king returned from France, he initially refused to see his son, but through the mediation of the Earl of Cornwall and the archbishop of Canterbury, the two were eventually reconciled.[20] Edward was sent abroad, and in November 1260 he again united with the Lusignans, who had been exiled to France.[21]
Back in England, early in 1262, Edward fell out with some of his former Lusignan allies over financial matters. The next year, King Henry sent him on a campaign in Wales against Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, with only limited results.[22] Around the same time, Simon de Montfort, who had been out of the country since 1261, returned to England and reignited the baronial reform movement.[23] It was at this pivotal moment, as the king seemed ready to resign to the barons' demands, that Edward began to take control of the situation. Whereas he had so far been unpredictable and equivocating, from this point on he remained firmly devoted to protecting his father's royal rights.[24] He reunited with some of the men he had alienated the year before — among them his childhood friend, Henry of Almain, and John de Warenne, Earl of Surrey — and retook Windsor Castle from the rebels.[25] Through the arbitration of King Louis IX of France, an agreement was made between the two parties. This so-called Mise of Amiens was largely favourable to the royalist side, and laid the seeds for further conflict.[26]
Civil war[link]
Main article: Second Barons' WarThe years 1264–1267 saw the conflict known as the Second Barons' War, in which baronial forces led by Simon de Montfort fought against those who remained loyal to the king.[27] The first scene of battle was the city of Gloucester, which Edward managed to retake from the enemy. When Robert de Ferrers, earl of Derby, came to the assistance of the rebels, Edward negotiated a truce with the earl, the terms of which he later broke. Edward then captured Northampton from Montfort's son Simon, before embarking on a retaliatory campaign against Derby's lands.[28] The baronial and royalist forces finally met at the Battle of Lewes, on 14 May 1264. Edward, commanding the right wing, performed well, and soon defeated the London contingent of Montfort's forces. Unwisely, however, he followed the scattered enemy in pursuit, and on his return found the rest of the royal army defeated.[29] By the agreement known as the Mise of Lewes, Edward and his cousin Henry of Almain were given up as prisoners to Montfort.[30]
Edward remained in captivity until March, and even after his release he was kept under strict surveillance.[31] Then, on 28 May, he managed to escape his custodians and joined up with the Earl of Gloucester, who had recently defected to the king's side.[32] Montfort's support was now dwindling, and Edward retook Worcester and Gloucester with relatively little effort.[33] Meanwhile, Montfort had made an alliance with Llywelyn and started moving east to join forces with his son Simon. Edward managed to make a surprise attack at Kenilworth Castle, where the younger Montfort was quartered, before moving on to cut off the earl of Leicester.[34] The two forces then met at the second great encounter of the Barons' War — the Battle of Evesham, on 4 August 1265. Montfort stood little chance against the superior royal forces, and after his defeat he was killed and mutilated on the field.[35]
Through such episodes as the deception of Derby at Gloucester, Edward acquired a reputation as untrustworthy. During the summer campaign, though, he began to learn from his mistakes, and acted in a way that gained the respect and admiration of his contemporaries.[36] The war did not end with Montfort's death, and Edward participated in the continued campaigning. At Christmas, he came to terms with the younger Simon de Montfort and his associates at the Isle of Axholme in Lincolnshire, and in March he led a successful assault on the Cinque Ports.[37] A contingent of rebels held out in the virtually impregnable Kenilworth Castle and did not surrender until the drafting of the conciliatory Dictum of Kenilworth.[38] In April it seemed as if Gloucester would take up the cause of the reform movement, and civil war would resume, but after a renegotiation of the terms of the Dictum of Kenilworth, the parties came f.[39] Edward, however, was little involved in the settlement negotiations following the wars; at this point his main focus was on planning his upcoming crusade.[40]
Crusade and accession[link]
See also: Eighth Crusade and Ninth CrusadeEdward took the crusader's cross in an elaborate ceremony on 24 June 1268, with his brother Edmund and cousin Henry of Almain. Among others who committed themselves to the Ninth Crusade were Edward's former adversaries—like the earl of Gloucester, though the earl did not ultimately participate.[41] With the country pacified, the greatest impediment to the project was providing sufficient finances.[42] King Louis IX of France, who was the leader of the crusade, provided a loan of about £17,500.[43] This, however, was not enough; the rest had to be raised through a tax on the laity, which had not been levied since 1237.[43] In May 1270, Parliament granted a tax of a twentieth,[44] in exchange for which the king agreed to reconfirm Magna Carta, and to impose restrictions on Jewish money lending.[45] On 20 August Edward sailed from Dover for France.[46] Historians have not determined the size of the force with any certainty, but Edward probably brought with him around 225 knights and all together less than 1000 men.[42]
Originally, the Crusaders intended to relieve the beleaguered Christian stronghold of Acre, but Louis had been diverted to Tunis. The French king and his brother Charles of Anjou, who had made himself king of Sicily, decided to attack the emirate to establish a stronghold in North Africa.[47] The plans failed when the French forces were struck by an epidemic which, on 25 August, took the life of King Louis himself.[48] By the time Edward arrived at Tunis, Charles had already signed a treaty with the emir, and there was little else to do but return to Sicily. The crusade was postponed until next spring, but a devastating storm off the coast of Sicily dissuaded Charles of Anjou and Louis's successor Philip III from any further campaigning.[49] Edward decided to continue alone, and on 9 May 1271 he finally landed at Acre.[50]
Operations during the Crusade of Edward IBy then, the situation in the Holy Land was a precarious one. Jerusalem had fallen in 1244, and Acre was now the centre of the Christian state.[51] The Muslim states were on the offensive under the Mamluk leadership of Baibars, and were now threatening Acre itself. Though Edward's men were an important addition to the garrison, they stood little chance against Baibars' superior forces, and an initial raid at nearby St Georges-de-Lebeyne in June was largely futile.[52] An embassy to the Mongols helped bring about an attack on Aleppo in the north, which helped to distract Baibar's forces.[53] In November, Edward led a raid on Qaqun, which could have served as a bridgehead to Jerusalem, but both the Mongol invasion and the attack on Qaqun failed. Things now seemed increasingly desperate, and in May 1272 Hugh III of Cyprus, who was the nominal king of Jerusalem, signed a ten–year truce with Baibars.[54] Edward was initially defiant, but an attack by a Muslim assassin in June forced him to abandon any further campaigning. Although he managed to kill the assassin, he was struck in the arm by a dagger feared to be poisoned, and became severely weakened over the following months.[55]
It was not until 24 September that Edward left Acre. Arriving in Sicily, he was met with the news that his father had died on 16 November.[56] Edward was deeply saddened by this news, but rather than hurrying home at once, he made a leisurely journey northwards. This was partly due to his health still being poor, but also due to a lack of urgency.[57] The political situation in England was stable after the mid-century upheavals, and Edward was proclaimed king at his father's death, rather than at his own coronation, as had until then been customary.[58] In Edward's absence, the country was governed by a royal council, led by Robert Burnell.[59] The new king embarked on an overland journey through Italy and France, where among other things he visited the pope in Rome and suppressed a rebellion in Gascony.[60] Only on 2 August 1274 did he return to England, and was crowned on 19 August.[61]
Reign[link]
Administration and the law[link]
Upon returning home, Edward immediately embarked on the administrative business of the nation, and his major concern was restoring order and re-establishing royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father.[62] To accomplish this, he immediately ordered an extensive change of administrative personnel. The most important of these was the appointment of Robert Burnell as chancellor, a man who would remain in the post until 1292 as one of the king's closest associates.[63] Edward then replaced most local officials, such as the escheators and sheriffs.[64] This last measure was done in preparation for an extensive inquest covering all of England, that would hear complaints about abuse of power by royal officers. The inquest produced the set of so-called Hundred Rolls, from the administrative subdivision of the hundred.[65]
The second purpose of the inquest was to establish what land and rights the crown had lost during the reign of Henry III.[66]
The Hundred Rolls formed the basis for the later legal inquiries called the Quo warranto proceedings. The purpose of these inquiries was to establish by what warrant (Latin: Quo warranto) various liberties were held.[67] If the defendant could not produce a royal licence to prove the grant of the liberty, then it was the crown's opinion – based on the writings of the influential thirteenth-century legal scholar Bracton – that the liberty should revert to the king.
By enacting the Statute of Gloucester in 1278 the king challenged baronial rights through a revival of the system of general eyres (royal justices to go on tour throughout the land) and through a significant increase in the number of pleas of quo warranto to be heard by such eyres.
This caused great consternation among the aristocracy, who insisted that long use in itself constituted license.[68] A compromise was eventually reached in 1290, whereby a liberty was considered legitimate as long as it could be shown to have been exercised since the coronation of King Richard I, in 1189.[69] Royal gains from the Quo warranto proceedings were insignificant; few liberties were returned to the king.[70] Edward had nevertheless won a significant victory, in clearly establishing the principle that all liberties essentially emanated from the crown.[71]
The 1290 statute of Quo warranto was only one part of a wider legislative effort, which was one of the most important contributions of Edward I's reign.[3] This era of legislative action had started already at the time of the baronial reform movement; the Statute of Marlborough (1267) contained elements both of the Provisions of Oxford and the Dictum of Kenilworth.[72] The compilation of the Hundred Rolls was followed shortly after by the issue of Westminster I (1275), which asserted the royal prerogative and outlined restrictions on liberties.[73] In the Mortmain (1279), the issue was grants of land to the church.[74] The first clause of Westminster II (1285), known as De donis conditionalibus, dealt with family settlement of land, and entails.[75] Merchants (1285) established firm rules for the recovery of debts,[76] while Winchester (1285) dealt with peacekeeping on a local level.[77] Quia emptores (1290) – issued along with Quo warranto – set out to remedy land ownership disputes resulting from alienation of land by subinfeudation.[78] The age of the great statutes largely ended with the death of Robert Burnell in 1292.[79]
Welsh wars[link]
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd enjoyed an advantageous situation in the aftermath of the Barons' War. Through the 1267 Treaty of Montgomery, he officially obtained land he had conquered in the Four Cantrefs of Perfeddwlad and was recognised in his title of Prince of Wales.[80][81] Armed conflicts nevertheless continued, in particular with certain dissatisfied Marcher Lords, such as the earl of Gloucester, Roger Mortimer and Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford.[82] Problems were exacerbated when Llywelyn's younger brother Dafydd and Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn of Powys, after failing in an assassination attempt against Llywelyn, defected to the English in 1274.[83] Citing ongoing hostilities and the English king's harbouring of his enemies, Llywelyn refused to do homage to Edward.[84] For Edward, a further provocation came from Llywelyn's planned marriage to Eleanor, daughter of Simon de Montfort.[85] In November 1276, war was declared.[86] Initial operations were launched under the captaincy of Mortimer, Lancaster (Edward's brother Edmund) and William de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick.[87] Support for Llywelyn was weak among his own countrymen.[88] In July 1277 Edward invaded with a force of 15,500 — of whom 9,000 were Welshmen.[89] The campaign never came to a major battle, and Llywelyn soon realised he had no choice but to surrender.[89] By the Treaty of Aberconwy in November 1277, he was left only with the land of Gwynedd, though he was allowed to retain the title of Prince of Wales.[90]
When war broke out again in 1282, it was an entirely different undertaking. For the Welsh, this war was over national identity, enjoying wide support, provoked particularly by attempts to impose English law on Welsh subjects.[91] For Edward, it became a war of conquest rather than simply a punitive expedition, like the former campaign.[92] The war started with a rebellion by Dafydd, who was discontented with the reward he had received from Edward in 1277.[93] Llywelyn and other Welsh chieftains soon joined in, and initially the Welsh experienced military success. In June, Gloucester was defeated at the Battle of Llandeilo Fawr.[94] On 6 November, while John Peckham, archbishop of Canterbury, was conducting peace negotiations, Edward's commander of Anglesey, Luke de Tany, decided to carry out a surprise attack. A pontoon bridge had been built to the mainland, but shortly after Tany and his men crossed over, they were ambushed by the Welsh and suffered heavy losses at the Battle of Moel-y-don.[95] The Welsh advances ended on 11 December, however, when Llywelyn was lured into a trap and killed at the Battle of Orewin Bridge.[96] The conquest of Gwynedd was complete with the capture in June 1283 of Dafydd, who was taken to Shrewsbury and executed as a traitor the following autumn.[97]
Caernarfon Castle, one of the most imposing of Edward's Welsh castles.Further rebellions occurred in 1287–8 and, more seriously, in 1294 — with five under Madog ap Llywelyn, a distant relative of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd. This last conflict demanded the king's own attention, but in both cases the rebellions were put down.[3] By the 1284 Statute of Rhuddlan, the Principality of Wales was incorporated into England and was given an administrative system like the English, with counties policed by sheriffs.[98] English law was introduced in criminal cases, though the Welsh were allowed to maintain their own customary laws in some cases of property disputes.[99] After 1277, and increasingly after 1283, Edward embarked on a full-scale project of English settlement of Wales, creating new towns like Flint, Aberystwyth, and Rhuddlan.[100] An extensive project of castle-building was also initiated. The assignment was given to Master James of Saint George, a prestigious architect whom Edward had met in Savoy on his return from the crusade. Among the major buildings were the castles of Beaumaris, Caernarfon, Conwy and Harlech.[101] His programme of castle building in Wales heralded the introduction of the widespread use of arrowslits in castle walls across Europe, drawing on Eastern influences.[102] Also a product of the Crusades was the introduction of the concentric castle, and four of the eight castles Edward founded in Wales followed this design.[103][104] In 1284, King Edward's son Edward — the later Edward II — was born at Caernarfon Castle. In 1301 at Lincoln, the young Edward became the first English prince to be invested with the title of Prince of Wales.[105][106]
Diplomacy and war on the Continent[link]
Homage of Edward I (kneeling) to Philip IV (seated). As Duke of Aquitaine, Edward was a vassal of the French king.Edward never again went on crusade after his return to England in 1274, but he maintained an intention to do so, and took the cross again in 1287.[107] This intention guided much of his foreign policy, until at least 1291. To stage a European-wide crusade, it was essential to prevent conflict between the greater princes on the continent. A major obstacle to this was represented by the conflict between the French House of Anjou ruling southern Italy, and the kingdom of Aragon in Spain. In 1282, the citizens of Palermo rose up against Charles of Anjou and turned for help to Peter of Aragon, in what has become known as the Sicilian Vespers. In the war that followed, Charles of Anjou's son, Charles of Salerno, was taken prisoner by the Aragonese.[108] The French began planning an attack on Aragon, raising the prospect of a large-scale European war. To Edward, it was imperative that such a war be avoided, and in Paris in 1286 he brokered a truce between France and Aragon that helped secure Charles' release.[109] As far as the crusades were concerned, however, Edward's efforts proved ineffective. A devastating blow to his plans came in 1291, when the Mamluks captured Acre, the last Christian stronghold in the Holy Land.[110]
After the fall of Acre, Edward's international role changed from that of a diplomat to an antagonist. He had long been deeply involved in the affairs of his own Duchy of Gascony. In 1278 he assigned an investigating commission to his trusted associates Otto de Grandson and the chancellor Robert Burnell, which caused the replacement of the seneschal Luke de Tany.[111] In 1286, Edward visited the region himself and stayed for almost three years.[112] The perennial problem, however, was the status of Gascony within the kingdom of France, and Edward's role as the French king's vassal. On his diplomatic mission in 1286, Edward had paid homage to the new king, Philip IV, but in 1294 Philip declared Gascony forfeit when Edward refused to appear before him in Paris to discuss the recent conflict between English, Gascon, and French sailors (that had resulted in several French ships being captured, along with the sacking of the French port of La Rochelle).[113]
In the war that followed, Edward planned for a two-pronged attack. While the English forces focused on Gascony, alliances were made with the princes of the Low Countries, Germany, and Burgundy, who would attack France from the north.[3] The alliances proved volatile, however, and Edward was facing trouble at home at the time, both in Wales and Scotland. It was not until August 1297 that he was finally able to sail for Flanders, at which time his allies there had already suffered defeat.[114] The support from Germany never materialised, and Edward was forced to seek peace. His marriage to the French princess Margaret, Philip IV's half-sister and his own first cousin once removed, in 1299 ended the war, but the whole affair had proven both costly and fruitless for the English.[115]
The Great Cause[link]
See also: Competitors for the Crown of ScotlandThe relationship between the nations of England and Scotland by the 1280s was one of relatively harmonious coexistence.[116] The issue of homage did not reach the same level of controversy as it did in Wales; in 1278 King Alexander III of Scotland paid homage to Edward I, but apparently only for the lands he held of Edward in England.[117] Problems arose only with the Scottish succession crisis of the early 1290s. In the years from 1281 to 1284, Alexander's two sons and one daughter died in quick succession. Then, in 1286, King Alexander died himself, leaving as heir to the throne of Scotland the three-year-old Margaret, the Maid of Norway, who was born in 1283 to Alexander's daughter Margaret and King Eric II of Norway.[118] By the Treaty of Birgham, it was agreed that Margaret should marry King Edward's then one-year-old son Edward of Carnarvon, though Scotland would remain free of English overlordship.[119][120]
19th-century drawing of the Stone of Destiny. The Scottish coronation stone remained at Westminster until it was returned to Scotland in 1996.Margaret, by now seven years of age, sailed from Norway for Scotland in the autumn of 1290, but fell ill on the way and died in Orkney.[121][122] This left the country without an obvious heir, and led to the succession dispute known to history as the Great Cause.[123] Even though as many as fourteen claimants put forward their claims to the title, the real contest was between John Balliol and Robert de Brus.[124] The Scottish magnates made a request to Edward to arbitrate in the dispute.[125] At Birgham, with the prospect of a personal union between the two realms, the question of suzerainty had not been of great importance to Edward. Now he insisted that, if he were to settle the contest, he had to be fully recognised as Scotland's feudal overlord.[126] The Scots were reluctant to make such a concession, and replied that since the country had no king, no one had the authority to make this decision.[127] This problem was circumvented when the competitors agreed that the realm would be handed over to Edward until a rightful heir had been found.[128] After a lengthy hearing, a decision was made in favour of John Balliol on 17 November 1292.[129]
Even after Balliol's accession, Edward still continued to assert his authority over Scotland. Against the objections of the Scots, he agreed to hear appeals on cases ruled on by the court of guardians that had governed Scotland during the interregnum.[130] A further provocation came in a case brought by Macduff, son of Malcolm, Earl of Fife, in which Edward demanded that Balliol appear in person before the English Parliament to answer the charges.[131] This the Scottish king did, but the final straw was Edward's demand that the Scottish magnates provide military service in the war against France.[132] This was unacceptable; the Scots instead formed an alliance with France and launched an unsuccessful attack on Carlisle.[133] Edward responded by invading Scotland in 1296 and taking the town of Berwick in a particularly bloody attack.[134] At the Battle of Dunbar, Scottish resistance was effectively crushed.[135] Edward confiscated the Stone of Destiny – the Scottish coronation stone – and brought it to Westminster, deposed Balliol and placed him in the Tower of London, and installed Englishmen to govern the country.[3] The campaign had been very successful, but the English triumph would only be temporary.[136]
Finances, Parliament and the Expulsion of Jews[link]
Edward I's frequent military campaigns put a great financial strain on the nation.[137] There were several ways through which the king could raise money for war, including customs duties, money lending and lay subsidies. In 1275, Edward I negotiated an agreement with the domestic merchant community that secured a permanent duty on wool. In 1303, a similar agreement was reached with foreign merchants, in return for certain rights and privileges.[138] The revenues from the customs duty were handled by the Riccardi, a group of bankers from Lucca in Italy.[139] This was in return for their service as money lenders to the crown, which helped finance the Welsh Wars. When the war with France broke out, the French king confiscated the Riccardi's assets, and the bank went bankrupt.[140] After this, the Frescobaldi of Florence took over the role as money lenders to the English crown.[141]
16th-century illustration of Edward I presiding over Parliament. The scene shows Alexander III of Scotland and Llywelyn ap Gruffudd of Wales on either side of Edward; an episode that never actually occurred.[142]Another source of crown income was represented by England's Jews. The Jews were the king's personal property, and he was free to tax them at will.[143] By 1280, the Jews had been exploited to a level at which they were no longer of much financial use to the crown, but they could still be used in political bargaining.[144] Their usury business – a practice forbidden to Christians – had made many people indebted to them and caused general popular resentment.[145] In 1275, Edward had issued the Statute of the Jewry, which outlawed usury and encouraged the Jews to take up other professions;[146] in 1279, in the context of a crack-down on coin-clippers, he arrested all the heads of Jewish households in England and had around 300 of them executed.[147] In 1280, he ordered all Jews to attend special sermons, preached by Dominican friars, with the hope of persuading them to convert, but these exhortations were not followed.[148] The final attack on the Jews in England came in the Edict of Expulsion in 1290, whereby Edward formally expelled all Jews from England.[149] This not only generated revenues through royal appropriation of Jewish loans and property, but it also gave Edward the political capital to negotiate a substantial lay subsidy in the 1290 Parliament.[150] The expulsion, which was not reversed until 1656,[151] followed a precedent set by other European territorial princes: Philip II of France had expelled all Jews from his own lands in 1182; John I, Duke of Brittany, drove them out of his duchy in 1239; and in the late 1240s Louis IX of France had expelled the Jews from the royal demesne before his first passage to the East.[152]
Among the main achievements of the reign of Edward I were the reforms of the institution of the English Parliament and its transformation into a source for generating revenues.[3] Edward held Parliament at a reasonably regular basis throughout his reign.[153] In 1295, however, a significant change occurred. For this Parliament, in addition to the secular and ecclesiastical lords, two knights from each county and two representatives from each borough were summoned.[154] The representation of commons in Parliament was nothing new; what was new was the authority under which these representatives were summoned. Whereas previously the commons had been expected simply to assent to decisions already made by the magnates, it was now proclaimed that they should meet with the full authority (plena potestas) of their communities, to give assent to decisions made in Parliament.[155] The king now had full backing for collecting lay subsidies from the entire population. Lay subsidies were taxes collected at a certain fraction of the moveable property of all laymen.[156] Whereas Henry III had only collected four of these in his reign, Edward I collected nine.[157] This format eventually became the standard for later Parliaments, and historians have named the assembly the "Model Parliament".[158]
Constitutional crisis[link]
The incessant warfare of the 1290s put a great financial demand on Edward's subjects. Whereas the king had only levied three lay subsidies until 1294, four such taxes were granted in the years 1294–97, raising over £200,000.[159] Along with this came the burden of prises (appropriation of food), seizure of wool and hides, and the unpopular additional duty on wool, dubbed the maltolt.[160] The fiscal demands on the king's subjects caused resentment, and this resentment eventually led to serious political opposition. The initial resistance was not caused by the lay taxes, however, but by clerical subsidies. In 1294, Edward made a demand of a grant of one half of all clerical revenues. There was some resistance, but the king responded by threatening with outlawry, and the grant was eventually made.[161] At the time, the archbishopric of Canterbury was vacant, since Robert Winchelsey was in Italy to receive consecration.[162] Winchelsey returned in January 1295 and had to consent to another grant in November of that year. In 1296, however, his position changed when he received the papal bull Clericis laicos. This bull prohibited the clergy from paying taxes to lay authorities without explicit consent from the Pope.[163] When the clergy, with reference to the bull, refused to pay, Edward responded with outlawry.[164] Winchelsey was presented with a dilemma between loyalty to the king and upholding the papal bull, and he responded by leaving it to every individual clergyman to pay as he saw fit.[165] By the end of the year, a solution was offered by the new papal bull Etsi de statu, which allowed clerical taxation in cases of pressing urgency.[166]
Edward
By God, Sir Earl, either go or hang
Roger Bigod
By that same oath, O king, I shall neither go nor hangChronicle of Walter of Guisborough[167]Opposition from the laity took longer to surface. This resistance focused on two things: the king's right to demand military service, and his right to levy taxes. At the Salisbury parliament of February 1297, Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, in his capacity as Marshal of England, objected to a royal summons of military service. Bigod argued that the military obligation only extended to service alongside the king; if the king intended to sail to Flanders, he could not send his subjects to Gascony.[168] In July, Bigod and Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford and Constable of England, drew up a series of complaints known as the Remonstrances, in which objections to the extortionate level of taxation were voiced.[169] Undeterred, Edward requested another lay subsidy. This one was particularly provocative, because the king had sought consent only from a small group of magnates, rather than from representatives from the communities in parliament.[170] While Edward was in Winchelsea, preparing for the campaign in Flanders, Bigod and Bohun turned up at the Exchequer to prevent the collection of the tax.[171] As the king left the country with a greatly reduced force, the kingdom seemed to be on the verge of civil war.[172][173] What resolved the situation was the English defeat by the Scots at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. The renewed threat to the homeland gave king and magnates common cause.[174] Edward signed the Confirmatio cartarum – a confirmation of Magna Carta and its accompanying Charter of the Forest – and the nobility agreed to serve with the king on a campaign in Scotland.[175]
Edward's problems with the opposition did not end with the Falkirk campaign. Over the following years he would be held up to the promises he had made, in particular that of upholding the Charter of the Forest.[176] In the parliament of 1301, the king was forced to order an assessment of the royal forests, but in 1305 he obtained a papal bull that freed him from this concession.[177] Ultimately, it was a failure in personnel that spelt the end of the opposition against Edward I. Bohun died late in 1298, after returning from the Falkirk campaign.[178] As for Bigod, in 1302 he arrived at an agreement with the king that was beneficial for both: Bigod, who had no children, made Edward his heir, in return for a generous annual grant.[179] Edward finally got his revenge on Winchelsey in 1305, when Clement V was elected pope. Clement was a Gascon sympathetic to the king, and on Edward's instigation had Winchelsey suspended from office.[180]
Final years: return to Scotland[link]
See also: First Scottish War of Independence
Reconstruction of Edward I's private chambers at the Tower of LondonThe situation in Scotland had seemed resolved when Edward left the country in 1296, but resistance soon emerged under the leadership of the strategically gifted and charismatic William Wallace. On 11 September 1297, a large English force under the leadership of John de Warenne, Earl of Surrey, and Hugh de Cressingham was routed by a much smaller Scottish army led by Wallace and Andrew Moray at Stirling Bridge.[181] The defeat sent shockwaves into England, and preparations for a retaliatory campaign started immediately. Soon after Edward returned from Flanders, he headed north.[182] On 22 July 1298, in the only major battle he had fought since Evesham in 1265, Edward defeated Wallace's forces at the Battle of Falkirk.[183] Edward, however, was not able to take advantage of the momentum, and the next year the Scots managed to recapture Stirling Castle.[184] Even though Edward campaigned in Scotland both in 1300 and 1301, the Scots refused to engage in open battle again, preferring instead to raid the English countryside in smaller groups.[185] The English managed to subdue the country by other means, however. In 1303, a peace agreement was reached between England and France, effectively breaking up the Franco-Scottish alliance.[186] Robert the Bruce, the grandson of the claimant to the crown in 1291, had sided with the English in the winter of 1301–02.[187] By 1304, most of the other nobles of the country had also pledged their allegiance to Edward, and this year the English also managed to re-take Stirling Castle.[188] A great propaganda victory was achieved in 1305 when Wallace was betrayed by Sir John de Menteith and turned over to the English, who had him taken to London where he was publicly executed.[189] With Scotland largely under English control, Edward installed Englishmen and collaborating Scots to govern the country.[190]
The situation changed again on 10 February 1306, when Robert the Bruce murdered his rival John Comyn and a few weeks later, on 25 March, had himself crowned king of Scotland by Isobel, sister of the Earl of Buchan.[191] Bruce now embarked on a campaign to restore Scottish independence, and this campaign took the English by surprise.[192] Edward was suffering ill health by this time, and instead of leading an expedition himself, he gave different military commands to Aymer de Valence and Henry Percy, while the main royal army was led by the Prince of Wales.[193] The English initially met with success; on 19 June, Aymer de Valence routed Bruce at the Battle of Methven.[194] Bruce was forced into hiding, while the English forces recaptured their lost territory and castles.[195] Edward responded with severe brutality against Bruce's allies; it was clear that he now regarded the struggle not as a war between two nations, but as the suppression of a rebellion of disloyal subjects.[196] This brutality, though, rather than helping to subdue the Scots, had the opposite effect, and rallied growing support for Bruce.[197] In February Bruce reappeared and started gathering men, and in May he defeated Aymer de Valence at the Battle of Loudoun Hill.[198] Edward, who had rallied somewhat, now moved north himself. On the way, however, he developed dysentery, and his condition deteriorated. On 6 July he encamped at Burgh by Sands, just south of the Scottish border. When his servants came the next morning to lift him up so that he could eat, he died in their arms.[199]
Various stories emerged about Edward’s deathbed wishes; according to one tradition, he requested that his heart be carried to the Holy Land, along with an army to fight the infidels. A more dubious story tells of how he wished for his bones be carried along on future expeditions against the Scots. Another account of his deathbed scene is more credible; according to one chronicle, Edward gathered around him the earls of Lincoln and Warwick, Aymer de Valence, and Robert Clifford, and charged them with looking after his son Edward. In particular they should make sure that Piers Gaveston was not allowed to return to the country.[200] This wish, however, the son ignored, and had his favourite recalled from exile almost immediately.[201] Edward I's body was brought south, and after a lengthy vigil he was buried in Westminster Abbey on 27 October. The new king, Edward II, remained in the north until August, but then abandoned the campaign and headed south.[202] He was crowned king on 25 February 1308.[203]
Character and assessment[link]
Physically, Edward was an imposing man; at 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) he towered over most of his contemporaries, and hence perhaps his epithet "longshanks". He also had a reputation for a fierce temper, and he could be intimidating; one story tells of how the Dean of St Paul's, wishing to confront Edward over the high level of taxation in 1295, fell down and died once he was in the king's presence.[204] When Edward of Caernarfon demanded an earldom for his favourite Gaveston, the king erupted in anger and supposedly tore out handfuls of his son's hair.[205] Some of his contemporaries considered Edward frightening, particularly in his early days. The Song of Lewes in 1264 described him as a leopard, an animal regarded as particularly powerful and unpredictable.[206] Despite these frightening character traits, however, Edward's contemporaries considered him an able, even an ideal, king.[207] Though not loved by his subjects, he was feared and respected.[208] He met contemporary expectations of kingship in his role as an able, determined soldier and in his embodiment of shared chivalric ideals.[209] In religious observance he also fulfilled the expectations of his age: he attended chapel regularly and gave alms generously.[3]
Bishop William Stubbs, in his Constitutional History (1873–78), emphasised Edward I's contribution to the English constitution.Modern historians have been more divided in their view of Edward I. Bishop William Stubbs, working in the whig tradition of historical writing, praised Edward as a king deliberately working towards the goal of a constitutional government. "...the self-regulating action of the body politic", according to Stubbs "was very much the work of Edward."[210] Stubbs' student T. F. Tout departed from this view. In Tout's opinion, "Even the parliamentary system grew up in obedience to the royal will. It was no yielding to a people crying for liberty, but the shrewd device of an autocrat, anxious to use the mass of the people as a check upon his hereditary foes among the greater baronage."[211] F. M. Powicke offered a more positive perspective in his extensive work on Edward I in King Henry III and the Lord Edward (1947) and The Thirteenth Century (1953).[3] K. B. McFarlane, on the other hand, criticised Edward's restrictive policy towards his earls, and concluded that "...he belonged less to the future than to the past."[212]
In 1988, Michael Prestwich released what has been called "...the first scholarly study devoted exclusively to the political career of Edward I."[213] Prestwich's work, which is considered authoritative,[214] tries to assess Edward by the standards of his own age, and concludes that his reign was a great one.[215] His contributions to the development of the law, parliament and a functioning system of taxation, as well as his military exploits, stand out in particular.[216] At the same time, he left a legacy of financial difficulties, political distrust and an unresolved situation in Scotland. The roots of the disasters of the reign of Edward II can be found in the reign of Edward I.[217] Other contemporary writers have been more willing to criticise Edward for his failings, particularly his severe treatment of the Jews.[147] There is also a great difference between English and Scottish historiography on King Edward. G. W. S. Barrow, in his biography on Robert the Bruce, accused Edward of ruthlessly exploiting the leaderless state of Scotland to obtain a feudal superiority over the kingdom.[218] This view of Edward is reflected in the popular perception of the king, as can be seen in the 1995 movie Braveheart's portrayal of the king as a hard-hearted tyrant.[219]
Name and epithets[link]
Edward, being an Anglo-Saxon name, was not a common name among the aristocracy of England after the Norman Conquest. Henry III was devoted to the veneration of Edward the Confessor, and for this reason decided to name his firstborn son after the saint. Other Anglo-Saxon kings had included Edward the Elder and Edward the Martyr, and numerals were still not commonly used in Edward's time; as the first post-Conquest king to carry that name,[220] he was referred to simply as "King Edward", "King Edward, son of King Henry", or "King Edward, the first by that name after the Conquest". It was only after the succession of first his son and then his grandson — both of whom bore the same name — that "Edward I" came into common usage.[221]
Tomb of Edward I, from an illustration made when the tomb was opened in 1774.The epithet under which Edward I is best known is probably "Longshanks" – meaning "long legs" or "long shins" – in reference to his tall stature. On 2 May 1774, the Society of Antiquaries opened Edward's tomb in Westminster Abbey. They reported that his body had been well preserved over the preceding 467 years, and measured the king's body to be 6 feet 2 inches (188 cm).[222] At this length, he would tower over most of his common contemporaries.[223] Another epithet applied to Edward I is "Hammer of the Scots". This comes from the Latin inscription on his tomb, which reads Edwardus Primus Scottorum Malleus hic est, 1308. Pactum Serva ("Here is Edward I, Hammer of the Scots, 1308. Keep the Vow").[224] This inscription, however, referring to his incessant campaigns against the Scots in the later years of his reign, is from a later date, probably the sixteenth century.[225] The seventeenth-century lawyer Edward Coke called Edward the "English Justinian". This was a way of highlighting the king's legislative accomplishments, by comparing him to the renowned Byzantine law-maker Justinian I. Unlike Justinian, Edward did not codify the law, but as William Stubbs pointed out, "if it be meant to denote the importance and permanence of his legislation and the dignity of his position in legal history", the comparison is still a valid one.[226]
Issue[link]
Edward I of England
Eleanor of CastileEleanor of Castile died on 28 November 1290. Uncommon for such marriages of the period, the couple loved each other. Moreover like his father, Edward was very devoted to his queen and was faithful to her throughout their married lives—a rarity among monarchs of the time. He was deeply affected by her death. He displayed his grief by erecting twelve so-called Eleanor crosses, one at each place where her funeral cortège stopped for the night.[227] As part of the peace accord between England and France in 1294, it was agreed that Edward should marry the French princess Margaret. The marriage took place in 1299.[228]
Edward and Eleanor had at least fourteen children, perhaps as many as sixteen. Of these, five daughters survived into adulthood, but only one boy outlived Edward: the future King Edward II. Edward I was reportedly concerned with his son's failure to live up to the expectations of an heir to the crown, and at one point decided to exile the prince's favourite Piers Gaveston.[229] Edward may have been aware of his son's bisexual orientation even though he did not throw the prince's favourite from the castle battlements as depicted in Braveheart.
By Margaret, Edward had two sons, both of whom lived into adulthood, and a daughter who died as a child.[230] The Hailes Abbey chronicle indicates that John Botetourt may have been Edward's illegitimate son, however the claim is unsubstantiated.[231]
Children by Eleanor of Castile Name Birth Death Notes Daughter May 1255 29 May 1255 Stillborn or died shortly after birth Katherine before 17 June 1264 5 September 1264 Buried at Westminster Abbey. Joan Summer or January 1265 before 7 September 1265 Buried at Westminster Abbey. John 13 July 1266 3 August 1271 Died at Wallingford, while in the custody of his granduncle, Richard, Earl of Cornwall. Buried at Westminster Abbey. Henry 6 May 1268 14 October 1274 Buried at Westminster Abbey. Eleanor c. 18 June 1269 19 Aug 1298 Married, in 1293, Henry III, Count of Bar, by whom she had two children. Buried at Westminster Abbey. Juliana Catherine after May 1271 5 September 1271 Born, and died, while Edward and Eleanor were in Acre. Joan 1272 23 Apr 1307 Married (1) in 1290 Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Hertford, who died in 1295, and (2) in 1297 Ralph de Monthermer. She had four children by Clare, and three or four by Monthermer. Alphonso 24 November 1273 19 August 1284 Buried at Westminster Abbey. Margaret Probably
15 Mar 1275After
11 Mar 1333Married John II of Brabant in 1290, with whom she had one son. Berengaria 1 May 1276 between 7 June 1277 and 1278 Buried at Westminster Abbey. Daughter December 1277 January 1278 Buried at Westminster Abbey. Mary 11/12 Mar 1279 29 May 1332 A Benedictine nun in Amesbury, Wiltshire, where she was probably buried. Son 1280/81 1280/81 Little evidence exists for this child. Elizabeth c. 7 Aug 1282 5 May 1316 She married (1) in 1297 John I, Count of Holland, (2) in 1302 Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford. The first marriage was childless; by Bohun Elizabeth had ten children. Edward 25 Apr 1284 21 Sep 1327 Succeeded his father as king of England. In 1308 he married Isabella of France, with whom he had four children. Children by Margaret of France Name Birth Death Notes Thomas 1 June 1300 4 Aug 1338 Buried in the abbey of Bury St Edmunds. Married (1) Alice Hales, with issue; (2) Mary Brewes, no issue.[232] Edmund 1 Aug 1301 19 Mar 1330 Married Margaret Wake with issue.[233] Eleanor 6 May 1306 1310 [234] Ancestry[link]
Ancestors of Edward I of England16. Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou 8. Henry II, King of England 17. Matilda, Lady of the English 4. John, King of England 18. William X, Duke of Aquitaine 9. Eleanor of Aquitaine 19. Aenor de Châtellerault 2. Henry III, King of England 20. William VI Taillefer, Count of Angoulême 10. Aymer Taillefer, Count of Angoulême 21. Marguerite de Turenne 5. Isabella of Angoulême 22. Peter of Courtenay 11. Alice of Courtenay 23. Elisabeth de Courtenay 1. Edward I, King of England 24. Alfonso II, King of Aragon 12. Alfonso II, Count of Provence 25. Sancha of Castile 6. Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence 26. Rainou, Count of Forcalquier 13. Garsenda of Sabran 27. Gersend of Forcalquier 3. Eleanor of Provence 28. Humbert III, Count of Savoy 14. Thomas I, Count of Savoy 29. Beatrice of Viennois 7. Beatrice of Savoy 30. William I, Count of Geneva 15. Marguerite of Geneva 31. Beatrix of Faucigny Notes[link]
- ^ Morris 2008, p. 22
- ^ As the sources give the time simply as the night between the 17 and 18 June, we can not know the exact date of Edward's birth: Morris 2008, p. 2
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Prestwich (2004).
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 5–6
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 46, 69
- ^ Morris 2008, pp. 14–8
- ^ Morris 2008, p. 20
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 10
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 7–8
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 11–4
- ^ Prestwich 2007, p. 96
- ^ Morris 2008, p. 7
- ^ Henry III's mother Isabella of Angoulême married Hugh X of Lusignan after the death of King John; Prestwich 2005, p. 94.
- ^ Prestwich 2007, p. 95
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 23
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 15–6
- ^ Carpenter, David (1985). "The Lord Edward's oath to aid and counsel Simon de Montfort, 15 October 1259". Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 58: 226–37.
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 31–2
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 32–3
- ^ Morris 2008, pp. 44–5
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 34
- ^ Powicke 1962, pp. 171–2
- ^ Maddicott 1994, p. 225
- ^ Powicke 1962, pp. 178
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 41
- ^ Prestwich 2007, p. 113
- ^ The First Barons' War – was in 1215–1217.
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 42–3
- ^ Sadler 2008, pp. 55–69
- ^ Maddicott, John (1983). "The Mise of Lewes, 1264". English Historical Review 98 (388): 588–603. JSTOR 569785.
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 47–8
- ^ This was Gilbert de Clare, son of the aforementioned Richard de Clare; Prestwich 1997, pp. 48–9.
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 49–50
- ^ Powicke 1962, pp. 201–2
- ^ Sadler 2008, pp. 105–9
- ^ Morris 2008, pp. 75–6
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 55
- ^ The Dictum restored land to the disinherited rebels, in exchange for a fine decided by their level of involvement in the wars; Prestwich 2007, p. 117
- ^ The essential concession was that the disinherited would now be allowed to take possession of their lands before paying the fines. Prestwich 2007, p. 121
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 63
- ^ Morris 2008, pp. 83, 90–2
- ^ a b Prestwich 1997, p. 71
- ^ a b Prestwich 1997, p. 72
- ^ This meant a grant of 1/20 of all movable property.
- ^ Maddicott, John (1989). "The Crusade Taxation of 1268–70 and the Development of Parliament". In P. R. Coss & S. D. Lloyd (eds.). Thirteenth Century England II. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. pp. 93–117. ISBN 0-85115-513-8.
- ^ Morris 2008, p. 92
- ^ Riley-Smith 2005, p. 210
- ^ The disease in question was either dysentery or typhus; Riley-Smith 2005, pp. 210–1
- ^ Riley-Smith 2005, p. 211
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 75
- ^ Morris 2008, p. 95
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 76
- ^ Morris 2008, pp. 97–8
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 77
- ^ The anecdote of Queen Eleanor saving Edward's life by sucking the poison out of his wound is almost certainly a later fabrication; Prestwich 1997, p. 78. Other accounts of the scene have Eleanor being led away weeping by John de Vescy, and suggest that it was another of Edward's close friends, Otto de Grandson, who attempted to sucking the poison from the wound; Morris 2008, p. 101
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 78, 82
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 82
- ^ Though no written proof exists, it is assumed that this arrangement was agreed on before Edward's departure; Morris 2008, p. 104
- ^ Carpenter 2003, p. 466
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 82–5
- ^ Powicke 1962, p. 226
- ^ Morris 2008, pp. 116–7
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 92
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 93
- ^ The few surviving documents from the Hundred Rolls show the vast scope of the project. They are dealt with extensively in: Helen Cam (1963). The Hundred and the Hundred Rolls: An Outline of Local Government in Medieval England (New ed.). London: Merlin Press.
- ^ Morris 2008, p. 115
- ^ Among those singled out in particular by the royal justices was the earl of Gloucester, who was seen to have encroached ruthlessly on royal rights over the preceding years; Sutherland 1963, pp. 146–7
- ^ Sutherland 1963, p. 14
- ^ Powicke 1962, pp. 378–9
- ^ Sutherland 1963, p. 188
- ^ Sutherland 1963, p. 149
- ^ Brand, Paul (2003). Kings, Barons and Justices: The Making and Enforcement of Legislation in Thirteenth-Century England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-37246-1.
- ^ Plucknett 1949, pp. 29–30
- ^ Plucknett 1949, pp. 94–8
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 273
- ^ Plucknett 1949, pp. 140–4
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 280–1
- ^ Plucknett 1949, pp. 45, 102–4
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 293
- ^ Carpenter 2003, p. 386
- ^ Morris 2008, p. 132
- ^ Davies 2000, pp. 322–3
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 175
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 174–5
- ^ Davies 2000, p. 327
- ^ Powicke 1962, p. 409
- ^ Lancaster's post was held by Payne de Chaworth until April; Powicke 1962, p. 409.
- ^ Prestwich 2007, p. 150
- ^ a b Prestwich 2007, p. 151
- ^ Powicke 1962, p. 413
- ^ Davies, Rees (1984). "Law and national identity in thirteenth century Wales". In R. R. Davies, R. A. Griffiths, I. G. Jones & K. O. Morgan (eds.). Welsh Society and Nationhood. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. pp. 51–69. ISBN 0-7083-0890-2.
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 188
- ^ Davies 2000, p. 348
- ^ Morris 2008, p. 180
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 191–2
- ^ Davies 2000, p. 353
- ^ Carpenter 2003, p. 510
- ^ Carpenter 2003, p. 511
- ^ Davies 2000, p. 368
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 216
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 160
- ^ Cathcart King 1988, p. 84
- ^ Cathcart King 1988, p. 83
- ^ Friar 2003, p. 77
- ^ Phillips 2004
- ^ This title became the traditional title of the heir apparent to the English throne. Prince Edward was not born heir apparent, but became so when his older brother Alphonso died in 1284; Prestwich 1997, pp. 126–7.
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 326–8
- ^ Powicke 1962, pp. 252–3
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 323–5
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 329
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 304
- ^ Morris 2008, pp. 204–17
- ^ Morris 2009, pp. 265–70
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 392
- ^ Prestwich estimates the total cost to around £400,000; Prestwich 1972, p. 172
- ^ Carpenter 2003, p. 518
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 357
- ^ Barrow 1965, pp. 3–4
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 361
- ^ Morris 2009, p. 235
- ^ Barrow 1965, p. 42
- ^ Morris 2009, p. 237
- ^ The term is an 18th-century invention; Morris 2008, p. 253
- ^ Prestwich 2007, p. 231
- ^ Powicke 1962, p. 601
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 361–3
- ^ Barrow 1965, p. 45
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 365
- ^ Even though the principle of primogeniture did not necessarily apply to descent through female heirs, there is little doubt that Balliol's claim was the strongest one; Prestwich 1997, pp. 358, 367
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 370
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 371
- ^ Barrow 1965, pp. 86–8
- ^ Barrow 1965, pp. 88–91, 99
- ^ Barrow 1965, pp. 99–100
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 471–3
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 376
- ^ Harriss 1975, p. 49
- ^ Brown 1989, pp. 65–6
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 99–100
- ^ Brown 1989, pp. 80–1
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 403
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. plate 14
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 344
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 344–5
- ^ Morris 2008, p. 86
- ^ Powicke 1962, p. 322
- ^ a b Morris 2008, pp. 170–1
- ^ Morris 2008, pp. 226
- ^ Morris 2008, pp. 226–8
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 345; Powicke 1962, p. 513
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 346
- ^ Morris 2009, p. 226
- ^ Powicke 1962, p. 342
- ^ Brown 1989, p. 185
- ^ Harriss 1975, pp. 41–2
- ^ Brown 1989, pp. 70–1
- ^ Brown 1989, p. 71
- ^ The term was first introduced by William Stubbs; Morris 2008, pp. 283–4
- ^ Prestwich 1972, p. 179
- ^ Harriss 1975, p. 57
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 403–4
- ^ Winchelsey's consecration was held up by the protracted papal election of 1292–94; Powicke 1962, p. 671
- ^ Powicke 1962, p. 674
- ^ Powicke 1962, p. 675
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 417
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 430
- ^ Harry Rothwell, ed. (1957). The chronicle of Walter of Guisborough. 89. London: Camden Society. pp. 289–90. Quoted in Prestwich 1997, p. 416
- ^ Prestwich 1972, p. 251
- ^ Harriss 1975, p. 61.
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 422
- ^ Powicke 1962, p. 682
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 425
- ^ Powicke 1962, p. 683
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 427
- ^ Prestwich 2007, p. 170
- ^ A full text of the charter, with additional information, can be found at: Jones, Graham. "The Charter of the Forest of King Henry III". St John's College, Oxford. http://info.sjc.ox.ac.uk/forests/Carta.htm. Retrieved 17 July 2009.
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 525–6, 547–8
- ^ Powicke 1962, p. 697
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 537–8
- ^ Prestwich 2007, p. 175
- ^ Barrow 1965, pp. 123–6
- ^ Powicke 1962, pp. 688–9
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 479
- ^ Watson 1998, pp. 92–3
- ^ Prestwich 2007, p. 233
- ^ Prestwich 2007, p. 497
- ^ Prestwich 2007, p. 496
- ^ Powicke 1962, pp. 709–11
- ^ Watson 1998, pp. 211–
- ^ Powicke 1962, pp. 711–3
- ^ Barrow 1965, pp. 206–7, 212–3
- ^ Prestwich 2007, p. 506
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 506–7
- ^ Barrow 1965, p. 216
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 507–8
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 508–9
- ^ Prestwich 2007, p. 239
- ^ Barrow 1965, p. 244
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 556–7
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 557
- ^ Morris 2008, p. 377
- ^ Barrow 1965, p. 246
- ^ Prestwich 2007, p. 179
- ^ Prestwich 2007, p. 177
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 552
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 24
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 559
- ^ Prestwich 1980, p. 41
- ^ Prestwich 1980, p. 37
- ^ Stubbs 1880, p. 111
- ^ Tout, T.F. (1920). Chapters in the Administrative History of Mediaeval England: The Wardrobe, the Chamber and the Small Seals. ii. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 190.
- ^ McFarlane, K.B. (1981). The Nobility of Later Medieval England. London: Hambledon. p. 267. ISBN 0-9506882-5-8.
- ^ Denton, J.H. (1989). "Review: Edward I, by Michael Prestwich". English Historical Review xcix (413): 981–4. DOI:10.1093/ehr/CIV.413.981. JSTOR 572793.
- ^ Carpenter 2003, p. 566
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 567
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 558–65
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 565–6
- ^ Barrow 1965, p. 44
- ^ Tunzelmann, Alex von (31 July 2008). "Braveheart: dancing peasants, gleaming teeth and a cameo from Fabio". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2008/jul/30/3. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
- ^ Morris 2008, pp. xv–xvi
- ^ Carpenter, David (2007). "King Henry III and Saint Edward the Confessor: the origins of the cult". English Historical Review cxxii (498): 865–91. DOI:10.1093/ehr/cem214.
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 566–7. The original report can be found in Ayloffe, J. (1786). "An Account of the Body of King Edward the First, as it appeared on opening his Tomb in the year 1774". Archeologia iii: 386, 398–412.
- ^ Carpenter 2003, p. 467
- ^ Morris 2009, p. 378 referring to the vow to avenge the rebellion of Robert Bruce
- ^ Prestwich 1997, p. 566
- ^ Stubbs 1880, p. 114
- ^ Morris 2008, pp. 230–1
- ^ Prestwich 1997, pp. 395–6
- ^ Powicke 1962, p. 719
- ^ The information on Edward's children with Eleanor is based on Parsons, John Carmi (1984). "The Year of Eleanor of Castile's Birth and her Children by Edward I". Medieval Studies XLVI: 245–65.
- ^ Gorski 2004
- ^ Waugh, Scott L. (2004). "Thomas, 1st Earl of Norfolk (1300–1338)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI:10.1093/ref:odnb/27196.
- ^ Waugh, Scott L. (2004). "Edmund, first earl of Kent (1301–1330)". Edmund, first earl of Kent (1301–1330). Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI:10.1093/ref:odnb/8506.
- ^ Parsons, John Carmi (2004). "Margaret (1279?–1318)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI:10.1093/ref:odnb/18046.
References[link]
- Barrow, G. W. S. (1965). Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode.
- Brown, A.L. (1989). The Governance of Late Medieval England 1272–1461. London: Edward Arnold. ISBN 0-8047-1730-3.
- Carpenter, David (2003). The Struggle for Mastery: Britain, 1066–1284. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-522000-5.
- Cathcart King, David James (1988). The Castle in England and Wales: an Interpretative History. London: Croom Helm. ISBN 0-918400-08-2.
- Davies, R. R. (2000). The Age of Conquest: Wales, 1063–1415. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-820878-2.
- Friar, Stephen (2003). The Sutton Companion to Castles. Stroud: Sutton Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7509-3994-2.
- Gorski, Richard (2004). "Botetourt, John, first Lord Botetourt (d. 1324)" (subscription or UK public library membership required). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/2966.
- Harriss, G.L. (1975). King, Parliament and Public Finance in Medieval England to 1369. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-822435-4.
- Maddicott, John (1994). Simon de Montfort. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-37493-6.
- Morris, Marc (2008). A Great and Terrible King: Edward I and the Forging of Britain (updated ed.). London: Hutchinson. ISBN 978-0-09-179684-6.
- Phillips, J. R. S. (2004). "Edward II (Edward of Caernarfon) (1284–1327), king of England and lord of Ireland, and duke of Aquitaine" (subscription or UK public library membership required). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8518.
- Plucknett, T. F. T. (1949). Legislation of Edward I. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
- Powicke, F. M. (1947). King Henry III and the Lord Edward: The Community of the Realm in the Thirteenth Century. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Powicke, F. M. (1962). The Thirteenth Century: 1216–1307 (2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Prestwich, Michael (1972). War, Politics and Finance under Edward I. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 0-571-09042-7.
- Prestwich, Michael (1997). Edward I (updated ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-07209-0.
- Prestwich, Michael (2004). "Edward I (1239–1307)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI:10.1093/ref:odnb/8517.
- Prestwich, Michael (2007). Plantagenet England: 1225–1360 (new ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-822844-9.
- Raban, Sandra (2000). England under Edward I and Edward II. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-20357-5.
- Riley-Smith, Jonathan (2005). The Crusades: A History. London: Continuum. ISBN 0-8264-7269-9.
- Sadler, John (2008). The Second Barons' War: Simon de Montfort and the Battles of Lewes and Evesham. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. ISBN 1-84415-831-4.
- Stubbs, William (1880). The Constitutional History of England. ii. Oxford: Clarendon.
- Stubbs, William (ed.) (1882–1883). Chronicles of the Reigns of Edward I and Edward II. London: Longman.
- Sutherland, Donald (1963). Quo Warranto Proceedings in the Reign of Edward I, 1278–1294. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Watson, Fiona J. (1998). Under the Hammer: Edward I and the Throne of Scotland, 1286–1307. East Linton: Tuckwell Press. ISBN 1-86232-031-4.
External links[link]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Edward I of England - Edward I of England at royal.gov.uk
- Images of the castles of Edward I in Wales
- King Edward I Monument
- Archival material relating to Edward I of England listed at the UK National Register of Archives
- Portraits of King Edward I at the National Portrait Gallery, London
Edward I of EnglandBorn: 17 June 1239 Died: 7 July 1307Regnal titles Preceded by
Henry IIIKing of England
Duke of Aquitaine
Lord of Ireland
1272–1307Succeeded by
Edward IIPreceded by
JoanCount of Ponthieu
1279–1290
with EleanorHonorary titles Preceded by
Matthew de HastingsLord Warden of the Cinque Ports
1265Succeeded by
Sir Matthew de BezilleTitles Count of Gâtinais (origin) · Count of Anjou · Count of Maine · King of Jerusalem (claim) · Duke of Aquitaine · Duke of Normandy · King of England · Lord of Ireland · Duke of Brittany · Lord of Cyprus · Prince of Wales · King of the Romans (claim) · King of France (claim) · King of Sicily (claim) · King of Castile (claim) Branches Monarchs,
their queens
and issueSpouse: Eleanor of Aquitaine
William IX, Count of Poitiers · Henry the Young King · Richard I of England · Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany · Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony · Eleanor, Queen of Castile · Joan, Queen of Sicily · John, King of England
Illegitimates: William de Longespée, Earl of Salisbury · Geoffrey, Archbishop of YorkQueen consort: Margaret of France
William (died in infancy)Spouse: Berengaria of Navarre
Illegitimates: Philip of CognacSpouse: Isabella of Angoulême
Henry III of England · Richard, Earl of Cornwall · Joan, Queen of Scots · Isabella, Holy Roman Empress · Eleanor
Illegitimates: Joan, Lady of Wales · Richard FitzRoy · Oliver FitzRoy · Geoffrey FitzRoy · John FitzRoy · Henry FitzRoy ·
Osbert Gifford · Eudes FitzRoy · Bartholomew FitzRoy · Maud FitzRoy · Isabel FitzRoy · Philip FitzRoy · William de ForzSpouse: Eleanor of Provence
Edward I of England · Margaret, Queen of Scots · Beatrice, Duchess of Brittany · Edmund, Earl of Lancaster · KatherineEdward I of EnglandSpouse: Eleanor of Castile · Margaret of France
Eleanor, Countess of Bar · Joan, Countess of Hertford and Gloucester · Alphonso, Earl of Chester · Margaret, Duchess of Brabant · Mary Plantagenet · Elizabeth, Countess of Hereford · Edward II of England · Thomas, Earl of Norfolk · Edmund, Earl of KentSpouse: Anne of Bohemia · Isabella of Valois no consort or issue Queen consort: Anne Neville
Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales
Illegitimates: John of Gloucester · Katherine Plantagenet · Richard of EastwellHistory Matilda, Lady of the English · Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou · Treaty of Wallingford · Angevin Empire · Revolt of 1173–1174 · Third Crusade · Magna Carta · First Barons' War · Provisions of Oxford · Second Barons' War · Gothic architecture · University of Oxford · University of Cambridge · Parliament of England · Competitors for the Crown of Scotland · Treaty of Northampton · House of Capet · Hundred Years' War · Order of the Garter · College of Arms · Wars of the RosesMonarchs of England before 1603 Monarchs of Scotland before 1603 - Alfred the Great
- Edward the Elder
- Ælfweard
- Athelstan the Glorious
- Edmund the Magnificent
- Eadred
- Eadwig the Fair
- Edgar the Peaceable
- Edward the Martyr
- Æthelred the Unready
- Sweyn Forkbeard
- Edmund Ironside
- Cnut
- Harold Harefoot
- Harthacnut
- Edward the Confessor
- Harold Godwinson
- Edgar the Ætheling
- William I
- William II
- Henry I
- Stephen
- Matilda
- Henry II
- Henry the Young King
- Richard I
- John
- Henry III
- Edward I
- Edward II
- Edward III
- Richard II
- Henry IV
- Henry V
- Henry VI
- Edward IV
- Edward V
- Richard III
- Henry VII
- Henry VIII
- Edward VI
- Jane
- Mary I with Philip
- Elizabeth I
- Kenneth I MacAlpin
- Donald I
- Constantine I
- Áed
- Giric
- Eochaid
- Donald II
- Constantine II
- Malcolm I
- Indulf
- Dub
- Cuilén
- Amlaíb
- Kenneth II
- Constantine III
- Kenneth III
- Malcolm II
- Duncan I
- Macbeth
- Lulach
- Malcolm III Canmore
- Donald III
- Duncan II
- Donald III
- Edgar
- Alexander I
- David I
- Malcolm IV
- William I
- Alexander II
- Alexander III
- Margaret
- (First Interregnum)
- John
- (Second Interregnum)
- Robert I
- David II
- Edward
- Robert II
- Robert III
- James I
- James II
- James III
- James IV
- James V
- Mary I
- James VI
Monarchs of England and Scotland after the Union of the Crowns in 1603British monarchs after the Acts of Union 1707Debatable or disputed rulers are in italics.House of Normandy
911–1135
House of Blois
1135–1144House of Plantagenet
1144–1259
Persondata Name Edward I of England Alternative names Edward Longshanks, Hammer of the Scots Short description King of England Date of birth 17/18 June 1239 Place of birth Palace of Westminster, London Date of death 7 July 1307 Place of death Burgh by Sands, Cumberland http://wn.com/Edward_I_of_England
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Edoardo I d'Inghilterra
http://cs.wn.com/Eduard I.
http://id.wn.com/Edward I dari Inggris
http://es.wn.com/Eduardo I de Inglaterra
http://ru.wn.com/Эдуард I
http://nl.wn.com/Eduard I van Engeland
http://pl.wn.com/Edward I Długonogi
http://fr.wn.com/Édouard Ier d'Angleterre
http://de.wn.com/Eduard I. (England)
http://pt.wn.com/Eduardo I de Inglaterra
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