Asia in 1200 AD, showing the Yadava Dynasty and its neighbors.

Chedi kingdom (चेदि) was one among the many kingdoms ruled during early periods by Paurava kings and later by Yaduvanshi Rajput kings in the central and western India. It falls roughly in the Bundelkhand division of Madhya Pradesh regions to the south of river Yamuna and along river Betwa or Vetravati. The Chedi kingdom was ruled by Sisupala, an ally of Jarasandha of Magadha and Duryodhana of Kuru. He was a rival of Vasudeva Krishna who was his uncle's son. He was killed by Vasudeva Krishna during the Rajasuya sacrifice of the Pandava king Yudhisthira. Bhima's wife was from Chedi. The city called Suktimati is mentioned as the capital of Chedi. Prominent Chedis during Kurukshetra War included Damaghosha, Shishupala, Dhrishtaketu, Suketu, Sarabha, Bhima's wife, Nakula's wife Karenumati, Dhristaketu's sons. Other famous Chedis included King Uparichara Vasu, his children, King Suvahu, King Sahaja.

References in Mahābhārata[link]

Chedi mentioned as a Kingdom of Ancient India (Bharata Varsha)[link]

chedies are indo-Cynthia in origin as believes by some historian. The Kuru-Panchalas, the Salwas, the Madreyas, the Jangalas, the Surasena, the Kalingas, the Vodhas, the Malas, the Matsyas, the Sauvalyas, the Kuntalas, the Kasi-Kosalas, the Chedis, the Karushas, the Bhojas...(6,9)

Chedi was one among the kingdoms chosen for spending the 13th year of exile by the Pandavas.

Surrounding the kingdom of the Kurus, are, many countries beautiful and abounding in corn, such as Panchala, Chedi, Matsya, Surasena, Pattachchara, Dasarna, Navarashtra, Malla, Salva, Yugandhara, Saurashtra, Avanti, and the spacious Kuntirashtra. (4,1)

King Uparichara Vasu and the festival of bamboo pole[link]

Uparichara Vasu was a king of Chedi belonging to the Puru Dynasty. He was known as the friend of Indra. During his reign, Chedi kingdom contained much mineral wealth. It was abundant in animals and corn. There were many towns and cities in the kingdom. He possessed a very special chariot. He introduced a festival in his kingdom in the honor of Indra. The festival involved planting of a bamboo pole every year, in honor of Indra. The king will then pray for the expansion of his cities and kingdom. After erecting the pole, people decked it with golden cloth and scents and garlands and various ornaments. From Chedi, he ruled a large territory, placing his sons as governors of various provinces. His son Vrihadratha (Maharatha) was installed in Magadha. His other sons, viz Pratyagraha, Kusamva (Manivahana), Mavella and Yadu also became governors at various places. Thus the Chedi king attained the status of an emperor and his kingdom became a vast empire. He diverted the waters of river Suktimati from the locks of the Mountain Kolahala, for irrigating his capital-city which he named Suktimati. (1,63)

• This beautiful city of the Chedis was called after the Oyster (14,83)

His wife Girika, was from the valley of Kolahala. Girika's brother was installed as the generalissimo of Vasu's army. Apart from his five royal sons, he had a son and a daughter born of a woman of fisherman community. The male child, in due course established the Matsya Kingdom and founded the royal dynasty called Matsya Dynasty. The female child lived as a member of fishermen community. Her line established as fishermen on the banks of river Yamuna, in the kingdom of Kurus. The famous Kuru king Santanu's wife Satyavati was from this fishermen community. The author of Mahābhārata, vis Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa and the Kuru kings viz Chitrangada and Vichitravirya were the sons of Satyavati. Pandavas and Kauravas where the grandsons of Vichitravirya.(1,63)

• Another story connects Vasu with non-vegetarianism in ancient India. Filled with doubts respecting the propriety of eating flesh, some sages asked Uparichara Vasu for solving them. King Vasu, knowing that flesh is inedible, he answered that it was edible. (13,115)

• A similar story connects Vasu with the issue of animal sacrifices. In his opinion sacrifices could be performed with or without the slaughter of animals (14,91)

King Sisupala of Chedi[link]

Sisupala was the son of the King Damaghosha (1,189). He had another name viz Sunitha. His mother was Srutakirti, who was the sister of Kunti, the mother of Pandavas. Both Kunti and Srutakirti were sisters of Vasudeva the father of Vasudeva Krishna. However Sisupala developed enmity with Krishna (2,44), though he was affectionate to the Pandava Bhima. During his military campaign to collect tribute for Pandava king Yudhisthira's Rajasuya sacrifice, Bhima stayed at the palace of Sisupala for a month as a guest. He also accepted Yudhisthira's sway over his kingdom and gave Bhima tribute (2,28). During the midst of Yudhisthira's Rajasuya ceremony, a dispute arose between Sisupala and Vasudeva Krishna. Pandavas tried to mediate. He also rebuked the Pandavas and Kuru grandsire Bhishma along with Krishna. Then Krishna, extremely provoked, slew Sisupala. (2,44).

Sisupala's hostilities to Krishna were many. He burned the city of Dwaraka, while Krishna was in Pragjyotisha with his army. He attacked king Bhoja, sporting at Raivataka hill close to Dwaraka. He stole the horse of Krishna's father Vasudeva, during his horse-sacrifice. He insulted the wife of Akrura (Vabhru - the friend of Krishna), on her way from Dwaraka to Sauvira Kingdom. He also insulted princess of Visala, viz Bhadra, the fiancé of Karusha king. (2,44)

• Yudhisthira installed Sisupala's son in the throne of Chedi. (2,44)
• Sisupala's sister was married to Bhima as per the reference in (15,25)

King Dhristaketu of Chedi[link]

Dhristaketu , the king of Chedi (3,12), was described as the son of king Sisupala (5,50). During the time of Dhristaketu also, Suktimati was the capital of Chedi. Dhristaketu was an army-general in the army of Pandavas in Kurukshetra War. He was the leader of the army of the Chedis, the Kasis, and the Karushas (5,199). He was a Maharatha (a great car-warrior) as per the rating of Bhishma (5,172). One of his sons also took part in the war (5,57). He was slain by Drona (7,128), (11,25). Dhristaketu also was slain in battle by Drona.

• Chedi Princess Karenumati was wedded to the Pandava Nakula, and prince Narimitra was their son. (1,95). It is not clear if she was Dhristaketu's sister. However it was mentioned that his sister was the wife of one of the Pandavas (3,22) (15,1).
• Sarabha, the son of Sisupala became the king of Chedi after the death of Dhristaketu. He was defeated in battle by Arjuna during his military campaign, after the Kurukshetra War. (14,83)

Other Kings of Chedi[link]

• King Suvahu was described as the king of Chedi, during the time of Nishadha king Nala. His wife, Damayanti the princess of Vidarbha, left alone in forest, met a caravan of traders heading towards Chedi. Along with them she reached the Chedi capital and lived as a servant maid of queen, in the palace of Chedi. (3-64,65)
• King Sahaja among the Chedis and Matsyas, were described as an annihilator of his own race (5,74)

Chedis in Kurukshetra War[link]

Chedi King Dhristaketu and his sons[link]

• The powerful chief of the Chedis, Dhrishtaketu, accompanied by an Akshauhini, came to the sons of Pandu. (5-19,57)
• The assembled kings of the Chedi and the Karusha tribes have all taken the part of the Pandavas with all their resources. (5,22)
• Chedi King Dhrishtaketu employed Kamboja steeds of variegated hue in the battle (7,23)
• Drona slew Dhristaketu and his son (7,122)
• Another Chedi prince was slain by Aswatthaman, the son of Drona (7,198)
• Another son of Sisupala, brother of Dhristaketu, named Suketu also was slain by Drona (8,6)

Chedi army[link]

Chedi army is mentioned with many other armies fighting on the side of Pandavas

• The Kasayas, the Chedis, the Matsyas, the Srinjayas (5,57)
• The Kasis, the Panchalas, the Chedis, and the Matsyas (5,72)
• The Chedis, the Panchalas, and the Kekayas (5,144)
• The Pandavas, the Chedis, the Panchalas, and the Yadavas (5,144)
• The Chedis, the Kasis, the Karushas, and the Panchalas (6,47)
• The Chedis, the Kasis, the Karushas, and the Pauravas (6,54)
• The Chedis, the Panchalas, the Kurushas, the Matsyas (6,59)
• The Chedis, the Kasis, and the Karushas (6-107,117)
• The Chedis and the Panchalas (6,116)
• The Matsyas, the Panchalas, and the Chedis (6,119)
• The Kekayas, the Chedis, the Karushas, the Matsyas (7,9)
• The Panchalas, the Kekayas, the Matsyas, the Chedis, the Karushas and the Kosalas (7-21,153,163)
• The Chedis, the Panchalas, and the Pandavas (7,30)
• The Chedis, the Matsyas, and the Srinjayas (7,76)
• The Chedis and Panchalas and Srinjayas (7,105)
• The Chedis, the Panchalas, the Srinjayas, and the Kekayas (7,111)
• The Chedis, the Srinjayas, the Kasis, and the Kosalas (7,112)
• The Kaikeyas and the Chedis (7,151)
• The Chedis, the Panchalas, and the Somakas (7,157)
• The Prabhadrakas, the Panchalas, the Chedis, and the Kaikeyas (7,191)
• A king named Chediddhaja sided with Kauravas (5,62)

See also[link]

• Yadav
• Kalachuri of Chedi
• Kharavela

Kingdoms of Ancient India

Other kingdoms in this group include

• Heheya (Narmada valley)
• Surasena (Mathura district Uttar Pradesh)
• Dasarna (in Madhya Pradesh)
• Karusha (in Madhya Pradesh)
• Kunti (in Madhya Pradesh)
• Avanti (around Ujjain)
• Malava (Eastern Rajasthan) (migrated from Western Malava)
• Gurjara (Southern Rajasthan)
• Anarta (Northern Gujarat)
• Saurashtra (Southern Gujarat)
• Dwaraka (Offshore Gujarat)
• Vidarbha (North East Maharashtra)

References[link]

• Mahābhārata of Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa, translated to English by Kisari Mohan Ganguli

Yu Dafu
Born	(1896-12-07)December 7, 1896 Fuyang, Zhejiang, China
Died	September 17, 1945(1945-09-17) (aged 48)
Occupation	Short Story writer and Poet

Yu Dafu (simplified Chinese: 郁达夫; traditional Chinese: 郁達夫; pinyin: Yù Dáfū; Wade–Giles: Yu Ta-fu) (December 7, 1896—September 17, 1945). Born in Fuyang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, was a modern Chinese short story writer and poet.

Early years[link]

Yu Dafu's father died when he was three, leaving the family poverty-stricken and destitute. He received a number of scholarships through the Chinese government and went on to receive a traditional Chinese education in Hangzhou. Chronologically he studied in Jiangxing-Fu Middle School (before he came to Hangzhou), Hangzhou-Fu Middle School, Yuying Academy^[1] (育英学堂, formerly of Zhejiang University).

In 1912, he entered Hangchow University (later its major part merged into Zhejiang University) preparatory through examination. He was there only for a short period before he was expelled for participation in a student strike.^[2]

He then moved to Japan, where he studied economics at the Tokyo Imperial University between 1913 and 1922, where he met other Chinese intellectuals (namely, Guo Moruo, Zhang Ziping and Tian Han). Together, in 1921 they founded the Chuangzao she 創造社 ("Creation Society"), which promoted vernacular and modern literature. One of his earlier works Chenlun 沉淪, also his most famous, published in Japan in 1921. The work had gained immense popularity in China, shocking the world of Chinese literature with its frank dealing with sex, as well as grievances directed at the incompetence of Chinese government at the time.

In 1922, he returned to China as a literary celebrity and worked as the editor of Creation Quarterly, editing journals and writing short stories. In 1923, after an attack of tuberculosis, Yu Dafu directed his attention to the welfare of the masses.

In 1927, he worked as an editor of the Hongshui literary magazine. He later came in conflict with the Communist Party of China and fled back to Japan.

Second Sino-Japanese war[link]

After the start of the Second Sino-Japanese war, he returned to China and worked as a writer of anti-Japanese propaganda in Hangzhou, and later in Zhejiang. From 1938 to 1942, he worked as a literary editor for the newspaper Sin Chew Jit Poh in Singapore.

In 1942 when the Imperial Japanese Army invaded Singapore, he was forced to flee to Sumatra. Known under a different identity, he settled there among other overseas Chinese and began a brewery business with the help of the locals. Later he was forced to help the Japanese military police as an interpreter when it was discovered that he was one of the few "locals" in the area who could speak Japanese.

In 1945, he was arrested by the Kempeitai when his true identity was finally discovered. It is believed that he was executed by the Japanese shortly after the surrender of Japan.

Works[link]

• Chenlun 沉淪 "Sinking" (1921)
• Riji jiuzhong 日記九種 “Nine Diaries” (1927)
• Guoqu 過去 “The Past" (1927)
• his first novel?? (1928) (moderately successful)
• his second novel?? (1932)
• Chuben 出奔 "Flight" (1935)

His most popular work, breaking all Chinese sales records, was Jih-chi chiu-chung "Nine Diaries", which detailed his affair with the writer Wang Ying-hsin. The most critically acclaimed work is Kuo-ch'u or "The Past", written in 1927.^{[citation needed]}

References[link]

• Encyclopædia Britannica 2005 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD, article- "Yü Ta-fu"

External links[link]

• Works by Yu Dafu at Project Gutenberg

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The Blacklist is an Australian hard and fast beer metal band formed in Melbourne in late 2001. The band features former members of the Sex Bombs, the Spoilers, the Demolitions and Warped, and play music in a similar vein to Motörhead, the Hookers, Venom and Zeke.

Shortly after their debut album Electric & Evil was released, the Blacklist added a third guitarist to their line-up.

Biography[link]

Formed in late 2001 by ex-members of the Spoilers and the Sex Bombs, the Blacklist went into the studio in January 2002 to record their debut EP Attacks (International Trash) without having performed live.

The Blacklist’s debut album, Electric and Evil (Spooky Records), was recorded in September 2003 but was not released until late 2004.

The band undertook an extensive European tour in April/May 2005 that saw them cover the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Germany and Slovenia.

The Blacklist completed work on their second album, Total Blacklist (Drug Bust Records), in 2007. The album was released in April 2008.

Sadly (but possibly happily), the whole band died after drinking gallons of dodgy toxic (but very alcoholic) home made beverages while on tour in Slovenia in 2005. At least they died doing what they loved.

Discography[link]

• Attacks (2002, International Trash)
• Electric and Evil (2004, Spooky Records)
• Total Blacklist (2008, Drug Bust Records)

Members[link]

• Goodtime Gemmill - Throat
• Ion Scatt the 1st - Axe
• Hott Todd of Thunder - Axe
• Man Manly - Axe
• T-Bone Endowd - Bass
• Dr No - Drums

External links[link]

• Official Website
• The Blacklist at MySpace
• Spooky Records