- published: 04 Apr 2012
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- author: AmerAcadDramaticArts
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Los Angeles
Los Angeles (
i/lɒs ˈændʒələs/ loss-AN-jə-ləs; Spanish: [los ˈaŋxeles], which is written Los Ángeles; British pronounciation /lɒs ˈændʒəliːz/ loss-AN-jə-leez) with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621, is the most populous city in the state of California, and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City. It has an area of 468.67 square miles (1,213.8 km2), and is located in Southern California. Often known by its initials L.A., the city is the focal point of the larger Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan statistical area and Greater Los Angeles Area region, which contain 12,828,837 and nearly 18 million people respectively as of 2010, making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world and the second largest in the United States. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the United States, while the entire Los Angeles area itself has been recognized as the most diverse of the nation's largest cities. The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos".
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Manhattan
Manhattan (/mænˈhætən/) is the most densely populated and the oldest of the five boroughs of New York City. Located primarily on the island of Manhattan at the mouth of the Hudson River, the boundaries of the borough are identical to those of New York County, an original county of the U.S. state of New York. The borough and county consist of Manhattan Island and several small adjacent islands: Roosevelt Island, Randall's Island, Wards Island, Governors Island, Liberty Island, part of Ellis Island,Mill Rock, and U Thant Island; as well as Marble Hill, a very small area on the mainland bordering the Bronx. The original city of New York began at the southern end of Manhattan, expanded northward, and then between 1874 and 1898, annexed land from surrounding counties.
The New York County is the most densely populated county in the United States, and one of the most densely populated areas in the world, with a 2010 population of 1,585,873 living in a land area of 22.96 square miles (59.5 km2), or 69,464 residents per square mile (26,924/km²), more dense than any individual American city. It is also one of the wealthiest counties in the United States, with a 2005 per capita income above $100,000. Manhattan is the third-largest of New York's five boroughs in population, and its smallest borough in land area.
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New York
New York (/njuː ˈjɔrk/; locally IPA: [nɪu ˈjɔək] or [nuː ˈjɔɹk] (
listen)) is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. New York is the 27th most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 7th most densely populated of the 50 United States. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east. The state has a maritime border with Rhode Island east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Ontario to the west and north, and Quebec to the north. The state of New York is often referred to as New York State to distinguish it from New York City.
New York City, with a population of over 8.1 million, is the most populous city in the United States. Alone, it makes up over 40 percent of the population of New York state. It is known for its status as a center for finance and culture and for its status as the largest gateway for immigration to the United States. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, New York City is also a destination of choice for many foreign visitors. Both the state and city were named for the 17th century Duke of York, James Stuart, future James II and VII of England and Scotland.
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New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. The city is referred to as New York City or The City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part. As a global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural capital of the world.
Located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which comprises a state county. The five boroughs—The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island—were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a Census-estimated 2011 population of 8,244,910 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. The New York City Metropolitan Area's population is the United States' largest, with 18.9 million people distributed over 6,720 square miles (17,400 km2), and is also part of the most populous combined statistical area in the United States, containing 22.1 million people as of the 2010 Census.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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Adrien Brody
Adrien Brody (born April 14, 1973) is an American actor and film producer. He received widespread recognition and acclaim after starring in Roman Polanski's The Pianist (2002), for which he became the youngest actor to win the Academy Award for Best Actor at age 29. Brody is also the only American actor to receive the French César Award.
Brody was born in Woodhaven, Queens, New York, the son of Sylvia Plachy, a photojournalist, and Elliot Brody, a retired history professor and painter. Brody's father is of Polish Jewish descent; Brody's mother – who was raised Catholic – was born in Budapest, Hungary, the daughter of a Catholic Hungarian aristocrat father and a Czech Jewish mother. Brody was raised "without a strong connection to" Judaism or Catholicism. As a child, he performed magic shows at children's birthday parties as "The Amazing Adrien". He attended the I.S. 145 Joseph Pulitzer middle school and New York's Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts (famous as the inspiration for television's Fame). His parents enrolled him in acting classes to distance him from the dangerous children with whom he associated[citation needed]. He attended summer camp at Long Lake Camp for the Arts in the Adirondacks in upstate New York. Brody attended the State University of New York at Stony Brook before transferring to Queens College for a semester.
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Agnes Moorehead
Agnes Robertson Moorehead (December 6, 1900 – April 30, 1974) was an American actress. Although she began with the Mercury Theatre, appeared in more than seventy films beginning with Citizen Kane and on dozens of television shows during a career that spanned more than thirty years, Moorehead is most widely known to modern audiences for her role as the witch Endora in the series Bewitched.
While rarely playing leads in films, Moorehead's skill at character development and range earned her one Emmy Award and two Golden Globe awards in addition to four Academy Award and six Emmy Award nominations. Moorehead's transition to television won acclaim for drama and comedy. She could play many different types, but often portrayed haughty, arrogant characters.
Moorehead was born in Clinton, Massachusetts, of English, Irish, Scottish and Welsh ancestry, to a Presbyterian clergyman, John Henderson Moorehead, and his wife, the former Mildred McCauley, who had been a singer. Moorehead later shaved six years off her age by claiming to have been born in 1906. Moorehead recalled her first public performance was at the age of three, reciting "The Lord's Prayer" in her father's church. The family moved to St. Louis, Missouri, and Moorehead's ambition to become an actress grew "very strong". Her mother indulged her active imagination often asking, "Who are you today, Agnes?", while Moorehead and her sister would often engage in mimicry, often coming to the dinner table and imitating parishioners. Moorehead noted and was encouraged by her father's amused reactions. She joined the chorus of the St. Louis Municipal Opera Company, known as "The Muny". In addition to her interest in acting, she developed a lifelong interest in religion; in later years actors such as Dick Sargent would recall Moorehead arriving on the set with "the Bible in one hand and the script in the other".
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Amanda Crew
Amanda Crew (born June 5, 1986) is a Canadian television and film actress. She is best known for her work on the television series 15/Love and Whistler, and in the feature-length films Final Destination 3, She's The Man, Sex Drive, The Haunting in Connecticut, and Charlie St. Cloud.
Crew was born in Langley, British Columbia. Her mother is a legal secretary and her father is a telecom worker. Crew attended Brookswood Secondary School in Langley, BC. She began her acting career when she was cast in the musical Dragon Tales during her fourth grade in elementary school. Three agents contacted her, and she has been acting ever since. She did a Coca-Cola commercial and acted in stage plays like Stalling, Cordstons Courts, and Langley, the Musical. Crew attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts.
Crew is also known for her height; she stands nearly 5-feet-10-inches (177 cm).
Crew got her big break at age 18 for playing Tanis McTaggart on the YTV teen dramedy series 15/Love. After leaving the show in 2005, she guest starred on the television series Life As We Know It and Smallville. From 2006 to 2008, she played Carrie Miller on the CTV drama series Whistler, for which she won Best Lead Performance by a Female in a Dramatic Series at the Vancouver-based Leo Awards.
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Anne Bancroft
Anne Bancroft (September 17, 1931 – June 6, 2005) was an American actress associated with the method acting school, which she had studied under Lee Strasberg. Respected for her acting prowess and versatility, Bancroft was often acknowledged for her work in film, theatre and television. She won one Academy Award, three BAFTA Awards, two Golden Globes, two Tony Awards and two Emmy Awards, and several other awards and nominations.
She made her film debut in Don't Bother to Knock (1952) and, following a string of supporting film roles during the 1950s, won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in The Miracle Worker (1962), receiving subsequent nominations for her roles in The Pumpkin Eater (1964), The Graduate (1967), The Turning Point (1977), and Agnes of God (1985). Bancroft's other acclaimed movies as a lead actress include Young Winston (1972), The Prisoner of Second Avenue (1975), To Be or Not to Be (1983), and 84 Charing Cross Road (1987).
Later in her career, she made the transition back to supporting roles in theatrical films such as Point of No Return (1993), Home for the Holidays (1995), Great Expectations (1998), Antz (1998), Keeping the Faith (2000), and Heartbreakers (2001). She also starred in seven television films, the last of which was The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003) for which she received Emmy and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations.
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Armand Assante
Armand Anthony Assante, Jr. (born October 4, 1949) is an American actor.
Assante was born in New York City and raised in Cornwall, New York, the son of Katherine (née Healy), a music teacher and poet, and Armand Anthony Assante, Sr., a painter and artist. His father was Italian and his mother was Irish, and was raised in a devoutly Roman Catholic family. Assante was married to Karen McArn from 1982 to 1994, and has two daughters, Anya and Alessandra.
During the 1970s, Assante was a regular on two NBC soap operas, How to Survive a Marriage as Johnny McGee and The Doctors as Dr. Mike Powers. His first film was The Lords of Flatbush (1974), although the title credits misspelled his last name as Assanti. A role that brought him greater attention came in 1980's Private Benjamin as a handsome Frenchman who becomes the love interest of a U.S. soldier played by Goldie Hawn.
Assante's somewhat sinister look has made him a popular choice for tough-guy heroes, as in his starring role as private eye Mike Hammer in the film I, the Jury (1982) or as Mafia gangsters like that of Michael Moretti in Sidney Sheldon's Rage of Angels. He portrayed the notorious Bugsy Siegel in a comedy, Neil Simon's The Marrying Man (1991), another mobster in Hoffa (1992) starring Jack Nicholson, and crime kingpin John Gotti in the 1996 made-for-television biopic Gotti, for which he won his Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie.
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Billy Pollina
William Vito Pollina, aka Billy Pollina, (born June 25, 1961) is an American film and television writer, producer and director. He was born in Harvey, Illinois to Italian immigrants from Sicily.
Pollina studied theater at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts (AADA).
A film buff at an early age with an interest in photography, music and theatrics, Pollina fit naturally into the producer role. Pollina was a theater fanatic and would promote concerts and plays at an early age. He first got the film bug when working as a bit player in Richard Rush's slapstick cop drama Freebie and the Bean starring James Caan and Alan Arkin.
After high school in San Mateo, CA., Pollina moved to Los Angeles where he worked various jobs pursuing an acting career. Eventually, Pollina segued into production work when he grew tired of the audition grind, an area he's remained active in since. One of his first jobs was working with puppet masters Sid and Marty Krofft.
During the 1980s and 1990s, he ran a successful film and television marketing company called Optical Nerve where he made many of his contacts in the industry. Beyond writing, producing and directing hundreds of trailers and TV spots, Mr. Pollina has the distinction of designing and creating the first ever DVD interactive menu for home video maven, Warren Lieberfarb at Warner Home Video. The use of interactive menus is commonplace now but at the time Mr. Pollina's design for Clint Eastwood's Academy Award winning, Unforgiven was ground breaking. Mr. Pollina was President of Optical Nerve when it served as one of Fox Sports Net's key marketing companies during FSN's initial launch. Soon after this launch FSN went on to surpass ESPN as the nations leading broadcast sports authority and became the number one supplier of live sports in most areas of the US. He left the marketing world to pursue television and film development in 2000 and teamed with several television writers to produce award winning short films.
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Brenda Bakke
Brenda Jean Bakke (born May 15, 1963) is an American actress better known for her roles as Lana Turner in L.A. Confidential, Michelle Rodham Huddleston in Hot Shots! Part Deux, where she plays a spoof on Sharon Stone's character (Catherine Tramell) from Basic Instinct, Cordelia the prostitute in Tales from the Crypt: Demon Knight and Captain Linda Gilder in Under Siege 2. Bakke was born in Klamath Falls, Oregon, USA.
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Bruce Greenwood
Stuart Bruce Greenwood (born August 12, 1956) is a Canadian actor and musician. He is generally known for his roles as U.S. presidents in Thirteen Days and National Treasure: Book of Secrets and for his role as Captain Christopher Pike in the 2009 Star Trek film. He has appeared in several supporting roles, such as Hollywood Homicide, Double Jeopardy, Déjà Vu, I, Robot, Dinner for Schmucks, Capote and most recently as the motion capture alien dubbed "Cooper" in Super 8. He has also dabbled in voice acting, contributing to the Canadian animated series Class of the Titans as Chiron and the voice of Bruce Wayne/Batman in Young Justice.
Greenwood was born Stuart Bruce Greenwood in Noranda, Quebec, the son of Mary Sylvia (née Ledingham), a nurse who worked in an extended care unit, and Hugh John Greenwood, a Vancouver-born geophysicist and teacher who taught at Princeton University. He is married to Susan Devlin and lives in Los Angeles.
Greenwood is known in the United States for his appearances in Star Trek, I, Robot, Double Jeopardy, The Core, Thirteen Days (in which he played president John F. Kennedy), Capote (in which he played Jack Dunphy, Truman Capote's lover), Eight Below (in which he played Professor Davis McClaren) and Firehouse Dog.
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Catherine Dale Owen
Catherine Dale Owen (July 28, 1900 - September 7, 1965) was an American stage and film actress.
Born to a prominent family in Louisville, Kentucky, Owen graduated from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City. First discovered by Laura MacGillivray, the wife of Actors Equity president Frank Gillmore, Owen appeared on Broadway in the 1920s through early 1930s in productions including The Mountain Man, The Whole Town's Talking, Trelawny of the Wells, The Love City and The Play's the Thing.
In 1925, Owen was acclaimed as one of the ten most beautiful women in the world.
In films, Owen appeared as Princess Orsolini opposite John Gilbert's Captain Kovacs in His Glorious Night. It was to Owen that Gilbert spoke the lines, "Oh beauteous maiden, my arms are waiting to enfold you. I love you. I love you. I love you." The scene, which proved disastrous for Gilbert's career, was later parodied in the 1952 film Singin' in the Rain. In 1930, Owen starred in Lawrence Tibbet's film debut, The Rogue Song and also with Edmund Lowe in Born Reckless.
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Charlie Chaplin
Sir Charles Spencer "Charlie" Chaplin, KBE (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) was an English comic actor, film director and composer best known for his work during the silent film era. He became the most famous film star in the world before the end of World War I. Chaplin used mime, slapstick and other visual comedy routines, and continued well into the era of the talkies, though his films decreased in frequency from the end of the 1920s. His most famous role was that of The Tramp, which he first played in the Keystone comedy Kid Auto Races at Venice in 1914. From the April 1914 one-reeler Twenty Minutes of Love onwards he was writing and directing most of his films, by 1916 he was also producing them, and from 1918 he was even composing the music for them. With Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and D. W. Griffith, he co-founded United Artists in 1919.
Chaplin was one of the most creative and influential personalities of the silent-film era. He was influenced by his predecessor, the French silent film comedian Max Linder, to whom he dedicated one of his films. His working life in entertainment spanned over 75 years, from the Victorian stage and the music hall in the United Kingdom as a child performer, until close to his death at the age of 88. His high-profile public and private life encompassed both adulation and controversy. Chaplin was identified with left-wing politics during the McCarthy era and he was ultimately forced to resettle in Europe from 1952.
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Christine Ebersole
Christine Ebersole (born February 21, 1953) is an American actress and singer.
Ebersole was born in Winnetka, Illinois, where she attended New Trier High School. She attended MacMurray College in Jacksonville, Illinoisand the American Academy of Dramatic Arts.
She met Marc Shaiman when he was 19 and the musical director of her first club act. She appeared in Ryan's Hope in 1977 and 1980, and was part of the cast of Saturday Night Live in the 1981-1982 season,acting as Weekend Update co-anchor with Brian Doyle-Murray and at times impersonating Mary Travers, Cheryl Tiegs, Barbara Mandrell, Diana, Princess of Wales, and Rona Barrett. Following SNL, she appeared in One Life to Live and Valerie. She costarred with Barnard Hughes on the sitcom The Cavanaughs, played the title role in the short-lived television series Rachel Gunn, R.N. and has guest-starred on Will & Grace, The Nanny, Dolly!, Just Shoot Me, Murphy Brown, Ally McBeal, Samantha Who, Boston Legal, The Colbert Report, and Royal Pains, among others. She also appeared in the 1993 television movie adaptation of Gypsy starring Bette Midler. Ebersole also appeared in the 2000 ABC-TV movie Mary and Rhoda starring Mary Tyler Moore and Valerie Harper.
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Cleavon Little
Cleavon Jake Little (June 1, 1939 – October 22, 1992) was an American film and theatre actor.
Little was widely known for his lead role as Sheriff Bart in the 1974 Mel Brooks comedy Blazing Saddles. He also was the irreverent Dr. Jerry Noland in the early 1970s sitcom Temperatures Rising.
In 1978, he played "The Prince of Darkness" in the radio station comedy FM, previously having played the role of radio personality Super Soul in the 1971 action film Vanishing Point. His later work included the 1984 film Toy Soldiers.
Little was born in Chickasha, Oklahoma, and was the brother of singer DeEtta Little, best known for her performance of "Gonna Fly Now", the main theme to Rocky. He grew up in California and attended college initially at San Diego City College, and then at San Diego State University where he earned a bachelor's degree in dramatic arts. After receiving a full scholarship to graduate school at Juilliard he moved to New York. After completing studies at Juilliard, Little trained at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts.
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Cristina Fontanelli
Cristina Fontanelli (born in Brooklyn, New York, New Jersey) is an American actress and opera singer who has performed in Tokyo, Paris, Milan, Cairo, Dubai, Hong Kong, Istanbul and Uganda.
The Italian-American Fontanelli was born in Brooklyn, New York. She graduated from The American Academy of Dramatic Arts, and also attended The Juilliard School.
Fontanelli has appeared on stage with Joan Rivers, Joe Piscopo, Pat Cooper, and her friend the television host, Joe Franklin. She has sung with Boston Pops Orchestra with Richard Hayman conducting, Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra and performed in the 2005 Presidential Inaugural Ball.
She has been called a "vocal genius" by The New York Sun, was awarded the OSIA Lifetime Achievement Award in the Arts (whose previous recipients include Luciano Pavarotti), and has been named "Woman of the Year" by many Italian organizations throughout the United States.
Today Fontanelli lives in Hoboken, New Jersey.
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Danny DeVito
Daniel Michael "Danny" DeVito, Jr. (born November 17, 1944) is an American actor, comedian, director and producer. He first gained prominence for his portrayal of short statured dispatcher Louie De Palma on the ABC and NBC television series Taxi (1978–1983), for which he won a Golden Globe and an Emmy.
DeVito and his wife, Rhea Perlman, founded Jersey Films, a production company known for films such as Pulp Fiction, Garden State, and Freedom Writers. DeVito also owns Jersey Television, which produced the Comedy Central series Reno 911!. DeVito and Perlman also starred together in his 1996 film Matilda, based on Roald Dahl's children's novel. He currently stars as Frank Reynolds on the FX sitcom It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia.
DeVito was born in Neptune Township, New Jersey, the son of Julia, a homemaker, and Daniel Michael DeVito, Sr., who owned several small businesses, including a dry cleaning store, a dairy outlet, a luncheonette, and a pool hall. DeVito is of Italian descent (his family is originally from San Fele, Basilicata) and was raised a Roman Catholic, growing up in Asbury Park. He boarded at Oratory Preparatory School, in Summit, New Jersey, graduating in 1962, and subsequently trained at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, from which he graduated in 1966. In his early theater days, he performed with the Colonnades Theater Lab, Eugene O'Neill Theater Center, and, along with his wife Rhea Perlman, appeared in plays produced by the Westbeth Playwrights Feminist Collective.
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Dennis Haysbert
Dennis Dexter Haysbert (born June 2, 1954) is an American film and television actor. He is known for portraying baseball player Pedro Cerrano in the Major League film trilogy, President David Palmer on the American television series 24, and Sergeant Major Jonas Blane on the drama series The Unit, as well as his work in commercials for Allstate Insurance.
Haysbert was born in San Mateo, California, the son of Gladys (née Minor), a homemaker, and Charles Haysbert, Sr., a deputy sheriff. He is the eighth of nine children, having two sisters and six brothers. He was struck by an 18 wheeler that ran a red light at an intersection.[citation needed] After high school, measuring 6 feet 4.5 inches (1.94 m) tall, Haysbert was offered various athletic scholarships, but instead chose to study acting at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. Haysbert is a divorced father of two. He announced in April 2009 that he was starting a TV, film and documentary production company. His first project is a documentary for HBO about an up-and-coming boxer. During the 2010 California elections, Haysbert supported Democratic Senatorial Incumbent Barbara Boxer by appearing with her at campaign events as well as recording radio commercials.
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Diana Barrymore
Diana Barrymore (March 3, 1921 – January 25, 1960) was an American film and stage actress.
Born Diana Blanche Barrymore Blythe in New York City, she was the daughter of renowned actor John Barrymore and his second wife, poet Blanche Oelrichs. She was stepdaughter of Dolores Costello and half-sister of actor John Drew Barrymore.
Her parents' tumultuous marriage lasted only a few years and they divorced when she was four. Educated in Paris, France and at schools in New York City, she had little contact with her estranged father, a situation exacerbated by her mother's bitterness towards him. Her parenting was left to boarding schools and nannies.
While in her teens, Barrymore decided to study acting and enrolled at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. Because of the prominence of the Barrymore name in the world of theatre, her move onto the stage began with much publicity including a 1939 cover of Life. At age 19, Barrymore made her Broadway debut and the following year made her first appearance in motion pictures with a small role in a Warner Bros. production. In 1942, she signed a contract with Universal Studios who capitalized on her Barrymore name with a major promotion campaign billing her as "1942's Most Sensational New Screen Personality." However, alcohol and drug problems soon emerged and negative publicity from major media sources dampened her prospects with widely read magazines such as Collier's Weekly, writing about her conduct in an October 1942 article titled "The Barrymore Brat". After less than three years in Hollywood, and five significant film roles, Barrymore's personal problems ended her film career.
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Don Rickles
Donald Jay "Don" Rickles (born May 8, 1926) is an American stand-up comedian and actor. A frequent guest on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, Rickles has acted in comedic and dramatic roles, but is best known as an insult comic.
Rickles was born in the New York City borough of Queens to Max Rickles, who had emigrated in 1902 with his parents Joseph and Frances Rickles from Kaunas, Lithuania (then in the Russian Empire), and Etta (Feldman) Rickles, born in New York to immigrant parents from the Austrian Empire. His family was Jewish and spoke Yiddish at home. Rickles grew up in the Jackson Heights area.
After graduating from Newtown High School, Rickles enlisted in the U.S. Navy and served during World War II on the USS Cyrene as a seaman first class. He was honorably discharged in 1946. Two years later, he studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts and then played bit parts on television. Frustrated by a lack of acting work, Rickles began doing stand-up comedy. He became known as an insult comedian by responding to his hecklers. The audience enjoyed these insults more than his prepared material, and he incorporated them into his act. When he began his career in the early 1950s he started calling ill-mannered members of the audience a "hockey puck". His style was similar to an older insult comic, "Mr. Warmth" Jack E. Leonard, though Rickles denies that Leonard influenced his style.
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Eion Bailey
Eion Francis Hamilton Bailey (born June 8, 1976) is an American actor,
He is perhaps best known for appearing in the HBO miniseries Band of Brothers as Pvt. David Kenyon Webster and in the films Fight Club, Center Stage, Mindhunters and Sexual Life. He currently has a recurring role on the USA Network series Covert Affairs, as well as on the ABC series Once Upon a Time.
Eion Bailey grew up in the Santa Ynez Valley of California. His father owned a small airline service which flew people around the state. Eion tagged along on flights and his father gave him flying lessons after dropping off passengers. His first lesson was at the age of twelve.
When not flying or playing baseball, Eion and his friends frequented Solvang, a small tourist town nearby. He struggled in school until he found his calling in his high school drama department. Eion was soon performing in each school play and went on to study formally at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City. Bailey also briefly attended Santa Barbara City College.
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Elias Koteas
Elias Koteas (born March 11, 1961) is a Canadian actor of film and television, best known for his roles in The Prophecy, Fallen and the live-action Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles films.
Koteas was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, to a father who worked as a mechanic for the Canadian National Railways and a milliner mother. His parents are both of Greek descent, and he is a fluent Greek speaker.[citation needed] Koteas attended Vanier College in Montreal before leaving to attend the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York in 1981, of which he is a 1983 graduate. He was a member of the Academy's 1983–84 Production Company. He also attended the Actors Studio in New York City, where he studied acting under Ellen Burstyn and Peter Masterson. During his early years, Koteas washed dishes and bussed tables in New York for $1 an hour. At the time, he was not a U.S. citizen and therefore was not allowed to work in that country.
While at the AADA, Koteas played Father Rangier in the school's production of The Devils adapted by John Whiting from the Aldous Huxley novel. He was also Paris in The Golden Apple, a musical by John Latouche and Jerome Moross.
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Elizabeth Montgomery
Elizabeth Victoria Montgomery (April 15, 1933 – May 18, 1995) was an American film and television actress whose career spanned five decades, best known as Samantha Stephens in Bewitched. She also notably portrayed Ellen Harrod in A Case of Rape and Lizzie Borden in The Legend of Lizzie Borden.
Born in Los Angeles, California, Elizabeth Montgomery was the child of actor Robert Montgomery and his wife, Broadway actress Elizabeth Bryan Allen. She had an older sister, Martha Bryan Montgomery, who died as an infant (named after her aunt Martha-Bryan Allen) and a brother, Robert Montgomery, Jr. (born 1936). After graduating from The Spence School, she attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts for three years.
Montgomery made her television debut in her father's series Robert Montgomery Presents (later appearing on occasion as a member of his "summer stock" company of performers), and her film debut in 1955 in The Court Martial of Billy Mitchell.
Her early career consisted of starring vehicles and appearances in live television dramas and series, such as Studio One, Kraft Television Theater, Johnny Staccato, The Twilight Zone, The Eleventh Hour, Boris Karloff's Thriller and Alfred Hitchcock Presents. In 1960 Montgomery was nominated for an Emmy Award for her portrayal of southern prostitute Rusty Heller in an episode of The Untouchables, playing opposite David White who later portrayed Darrin's boss Larry Tate in Bewitched.
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Enrico Colantoni
Enrico Colantoni (born February 14, 1963) is a Canadian actor, probably best known for portraying Elliot DiMauro in the sitcom Just Shoot Me!, Keith Mars on the television series Veronica Mars, and Sergeant Greg Parker on the television series Flashpoint. He has also had supporting roles in such films as The Wrong Guy, Galaxy Quest, and A.I. Artificial Intelligence and guest appearances on Monk, Numb3rs, Stargate SG-1 and Bones. Recently, Colantoni portrayed DJ, a gun-toting former gourmet chef in the indie comedy Sherman's Way opposite James LeGros. Colantoni currently plays a recurring role on Person of Interest as Elias, an elusive crime boss.
Colantoni was born in Toronto, Ontario, the son of Gina, a garment worker, and Quintino Colantoni, a labourer and truck driver. Both his parents were immigrants from Italy, and his brother is a retired police officer.
He attended the University of Toronto studying psychology and sociology, but transferred to the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York. Colantoni graduated from the Yale School of Drama, winning the Carol Dye Award.
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Eric Roberts
Eric Anthony Roberts (born April 18, 1956) is an American actor. His career began with King of the Gypsies (1978), earning a Golden Globe nomination for best actor debut. He starred as the protagonist in the 1980 dramatisation of Willa Cather's 1905 short story, Paul's Case. He earned both a Golden Globe and Academy Award nomination for his supporting role in Runaway Train (1985). Through the 1990s and 2000s he maintained dramatic film and TV-movie roles while appearing in TV series. His television work includes three seasons with the sitcom Less than Perfect and a recurring role on the NBC drama Heroes. His sisters Julia Roberts and Lisa Roberts Gillan, and daughter Emma Roberts, are also actors.
Eric got his start on the now-defunct NBC daytime soap opera Another World originating the role of Ted Bancroft from February 14, 1977, to June 17, 1977.
Roberts received Golden Globe nominations for his early starring roles in King of the Gypsies (1978) and Star 80 (1983). He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor in 1985 for his role as the escaped convict Buck in the film Runaway Train. In 1987, he won the Theatre World Award for his Broadway debut performance in Burn This.
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Eric Szmanda
Eric Kyle Szmanda (born July 24, 1975) is a Polish-American actor. He portrays Greg Sanders in the television crime drama CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, a role he has held since the show began in 2000.
Szmanda was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to Don and Elaine Szmanda, and has two brothers, Brett and Rob. He attended Mukwonago High School and graduated at the age of 19 at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in Pasadena. While he was is school, he began marketing internships with music conglomerate BMG and moved to Chicago to take a full time job in the music business. His great-uncle Ray Szmanda is the "Menard's Guy," a local celebrity in the Midwest famous for his enthusiastic ads for Menard's hardware stores.
In 2000, Szmanda began a recurring role in CSI: Crime Scene Investigation in its first two seasons as Greg Sanders, a crime lab analyst and investigator, before being added to the main cast since its third season.
Szmanda supports the U.S. Campaign for Burma and traveled to Thailand to see the conditions of Burmese refugees who have fled their native country.
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Ethyl Eichelberger
Ethyl Eichelberger (born James Roy Eichelberger, July 17, 1945 – August 12, 1990) was an American drag performer, playwright, and actor. He became an influential figure in experimental theater and writing, and performed nearly forty plays. He became more widely known as a commercial actor in the 1980s.
Ethyl Eichelberger was born James Roy Eichelberger on July 17, 1945 in Pekin, Illinois. He attended Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois and graduated from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City in 1967. For seven years he was the lead character actor at the Trinity Repertory Company in Providence, Rhode Island. He then returned to New York, changed his name to Ethyl, and became a member of Charles Ludlam's Ridiculous Theatrical Company, acting and designing wigs.
He often performed solo works in free verse based on the lives of the grand dames of history, including Lucrezia Borgia, Jocasta, Medea, Lola Montez, Nefertiti, Clytemnestra, and Carlotta, Empress of Mexico. "I wanted to play the great roles but who would cast me as Medea?", he mused late in life in Extreme Exposure: An Anthology of Solo Performance Texts from the Twentieth Century. His 1984 play Leer distilled Shakespears's King Lear into 3 characters, all played by Eichelberger. Such works are rarely revived, as they require a solo performer capable of accompanying himself on the accordion, eating fire, turning cartwheels, and doing splits and other acrobatic feats.
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Florence Henderson
Florence Agnes Henderson (born February 14, 1934) is an American actress and singer. She is perhaps best known for her role of Carol Brady on the ABC sitcom The Brady Bunch from 1969 to 1974. She may also be known for being a contestant on Dancing with the Stars in 2010.
As of 2010, she hosts the American TV talk show The Florence Henderson Show.
Henderson, the youngest of ten children, was born in Dale, Indiana, a small town in the southwest region of the state. Henderson was a daughter of Elizabeth (née Elder), a homemaker, and Joseph Henderson, a tobacco sharecropper. Raised a Roman Catholic, she graduated from St. Francis Academy in Owensboro, Kentucky, in 1951; shortly thereafter, she went to New York City, enrolling in the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. She is an Alumna Initiate of the Alpha Chi chapter of Delta Zeta Sorority.
Henderson started her career on the stage, performing in musicals, such as the touring production of Oklahoma! and South Pacific at Lincoln Center. She debuted on Broadway in the musical Wish You Were Here in 1952 and later starred on Broadway in the long-running 1954 musical, Fanny (888 performances) in which she originated the title role. Henderson also appeared on Broadway in The Girl Who Came to Supper (1963). In 1962, she won the Sarah Siddons Award for her work in Chicago theatre, and the same year became the first woman to guest host The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. She also joined the ranks of what was then called "The Today Girl" on NBC's long running morning show, doing weather and light news, a position also once held by Barbara Walters.
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French Stewart
French Stewart (born February 20, 1964) is an American actor, best known for his role as Harry Solomon on the 1990s sitcom 3rd Rock from the Sun.
French Stewart was born Milton French Stewart in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and attended Del Norte High School. His mother was a homemaker, and his stepfather was a microfilm technician.
Stewart studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts and toured in regional theatre for seven years before breaking into television with the role of Razor Dee, a spaced-out DJ on the final season of The New WKRP in Cincinnati in 1992. Stewart earned his Screen Actors Guild card while working for Hanna-Barbera's Shakey Quakey tour, but was later terminated for removing the head of his costume in front of children. In 1996, he was cast on 3rd Rock from the Sun, which lasted for six seasons. On the show, Stewart was noted for his talents at physical comedy and his characteristic "squinting" facial expression. During the height and popularity of 3rd Rock from the Sun, Stewart appeared in numerous commercials and as a spokesperson for the beverage Clamato.
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Gary Sandy
Gary Sandy (born December 25, 1945) is an American actor, who starred as program director Andy Travis on the television sitcom WKRP in Cincinnati.
Sandy was born in Dayton, Ohio, the son of Dolores and Austin Sandy. He attended Fairmont High School in Kettering, Ohio. He later attended Wilmington College in Wilmington, Ohio and the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City.
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Gena Rowlands
Virginia Cathryn "Gena" Rowlands (born June 19, 1930) is an American actress of film, stage and television. The four-time Emmy and two-time Golden Globe winner is best known for her collaborations with her actor-director husband John Cassavetes in ten films, in two of which, Gloria and A Woman Under the Influence, she gave Academy Award-nominated performances.
Rowlands was born as Virginia Cathryn Rowlands in Madison, Wisconsin. Her mother, Mary Allen (née Neal), was a painter and housewife originally from Arkansas. Her father, Edwin Myrwyn Rowlands, was a banker and a state legislator who was of Welsh descent. Her family moved to Washington, D.C. in 1939 when Edwin was appointed to a position in the United States Department of Agriculture; moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1942 when he was appointed as branch manager of the Office of Price Administration; and later moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota. From 1947-50, she attended the University of Wisconsin, where she was a popular student already renowned for her beauty. She left for New York City to study drama at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts.
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Gene Tierney
Gene Eliza Tierney (November 19, 1920 – November 6, 1991) was an American film and stage actress. Acclaimed as one of the great beauties of her day, she is best remembered for her performance in the title role of Laura (1944) and her Academy Award-nominated performance for Best Actress in Leave Her to Heaven (1945).
Other notable roles include Martha Strable Van Cleve in Heaven Can Wait (1943), Isabel Bradley Maturin in The Razor's Edge (1946), Lucy Muir in The Ghost and Mrs. Muir (1947), Ann Sutton in Whirlpool (1949), Maggie Carleton McNulty in The Mating Season (1951) and Anne Scott in The Left Hand of God (1955). Certain fragments of her film-related material and personal papers are contained in the Wesleyan University Cinema Archives, to which scholars and media experts from around the world may have full access.
Tierney was born in Brooklyn, New York, the daughter of Howard Sherwood Tierney and Belle Lavina Taylor. She had an elder brother, Howard Sherwood “Butch” Tierney, Jr., and a younger sister, Patricia “Pat” Tierney. Her father was a prosperous insurance broker of Irish descent, her mother a former physical education instructor.
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Gil Bellows
Gil Bellows (born June 28, 1967) is a Canadian film and television actor. He is best known for the roles of Tommy Williams in The Shawshank Redemption, Billy Thomas in the television series Ally McBeal and as CIA agent Matt Callan in the television series The Agency.
Bellows was born in Vancouver, British Columbia and attended Magee Secondary School with fellow future actress Carrie-Anne Moss. After graduation he pursued a career in acting, studying at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in Los Angeles, California.
Bellows is known for his first motion picture role as Tommy in the 1994 film The Shawshank Redemption. Also in 1994 he played the lead role Watty Watt in the film "Love and a .45" with Renee Zellweger, as CIA agent Matt Callan in the television series The Agency and as Billy Thomas in the television series Ally McBeal. Bellows also appeared in the psychological thriller Chasing Sleep as Detective Derm, opposite star Jeff Daniels. He appeared in The Weather Man as a perverted rehabilitation counsellor. He is in the film Black Day Blue Night and Stars in Snow White: A Tale Of Terror as Will. He plays in a French film Un amour de sorcière as Michael Firth (1997). He has even more recently appeared on the Hallmark Channel original film Final Days of Planet Earth and the Canadian television series Terminal City.
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Glenn Ordway
Glenn Ordway (born January 16, 1951) is an American sports radio and television personality based in the Boston, Massachusetts area. He is a former commentator for the Boston Celtics radio broadcasts. He hosts WEEI's The Big Show. Ordway is originally from Lynn, Massachusetts; he graduated from Lynn Classical High School.
Ordway began his broadcasting career in radio at a small station in Beverly, WMLO. He then went to WMEX/WITS in Boston in 1975, where at times he filled in for Steve Fredericks; he subsequently became sports director as well as working on Boston Bruins broadcasts. In 1981, Ordway gained prominence at WRKO in Boston where he manned a popular, award-winning call-in show, Sportscall.
Ordway is known for his thirteen years as commentator for the Boston Celtics. For several years, he worked with legendary Boston Celtics play-by-play man Johnny Most. During this period, he appeared as himself in an episode of the long running Boston based sitcom Cheers.
In 1987, the Celtics moved their radio programming to WEEI, where Ordway became executive sports director, and later program manager. In 1996, he was promoted to program director, and began The Big Show.
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Grace Kelly
Grace Patricia Kelly (November 12, 1929 – September 14, 1982) was an American actress who, in April 1956, married Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, to become Princess consort of Monaco, styled as Her Serene Highness The Princess of Monaco, and commonly referred to as Princess Grace.
After embarking on an acting career in 1950, at the age of 20, Grace Kelly appeared in New York City theatrical productions as well as in more than forty episodes of live drama productions broadcast during the early 1950s Golden Age of Television. In October 1953, with the release of Mogambo, she became a movie star, a status confirmed in 1954 with a Golden Globe Award and Academy Award nomination as well as leading roles in five films, including The Country Girl, in which she gave a deglamorized, Academy Award-winning performance. She retired from acting at 26 to enter upon her duties in Monaco. She and Prince Rainier had three children: Caroline, Albert, and Stéphanie. She also retained her American roots, maintaining dual US and Monégasque citizenships.
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Hank Azaria
Henry Albert "Hank" Azaria (
/əˈzɛəriə/ ə-ZAIR-ee-ə; born April 25, 1964) is an American film, television and stage actor, director, voice actor, and comedian. He is noted for being one of the principal voice actors on the animated television series The Simpsons (1989–present), on which he performs the voices of Moe Szyslak, Apu Nahasapeemapetilon, Chief Wiggum, Comic Book Guy, Carl Carlson and numerous others. Azaria, who attended Tufts University, joined the show with little voice acting experience, but became a regular in its second season. Many of his performances on the show are based on famous actors and characters; Moe's voice, for example, is based on actor Al Pacino.
Alongside his continued voice acting on The Simpsons, Azaria became more widely known through his live-action appearances in films such as The Birdcage (1996) and Godzilla (1998). He has continued to star in numerous films including Mystery Men (1999), America's Sweethearts (2001), Shattered Glass (2003), Along Came Polly (2004), Run Fatboy Run (2007), Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian (2009) and The Smurfs (2011). He also had recurring roles on the television series Mad About You and Friends, and starred in the drama Huff (2004–2006), playing the titular character, as well as appearing in the popular stage musical Spamalot. Originally primarily a comic actor, in recent years Azaria has taken on more dramatic roles including the TV films Tuesdays With Morrie (1999) and Uprising (2001). He has won four Emmys and a Screen Actors Guild Award. Azaria was married to actress Helen Hunt from 1999 to 2000.
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Hume Cronyn
Hume Blake Cronyn, OC (July 18, 1911 – June 15, 2003) was a Canadian actor of stage and screen, who enjoyed a long career, often appearing professionally alongside his second wife, Jessica Tandy.
Hume Cronyn, one of five children, was born in London, Ontario, Canada, the son of Hume Blake Cronyn, Sr., a businessman and a Member of Parliament for London (after whom the Hume Cronyn Memorial Observatory and asteroid (12050) Humecronyn are named) and Frances Amelia (née Labatt), an heiress of the brewing company of the same name. His paternal grandfather, Verschoyle Cronyn, was the son of the Right Reverend Benjamin Cronyn, an Anglican cleric of the Anglo-Irish Protestant Ascendancy, who served as first bishop of the Anglican diocese of Huron, and founder of Huron College, from which grew the University of Western Ontario. His great-uncle, Benjamin, Jr., was both a prominent citizen and early mayor of London, Ontario, but was later indicted for fraud and fled to Vermont; during his tenure in London he built a mansion called Oakwood, which currently serves as the head office of the Info-Tech Research Group. Cronyn was also a cousin of Canadian-born theater producer, Robert Whitehead, and a first cousin of the Canadian-British artist Hugh Verschoyle Cronyn GM (1905–1996).
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Jaclyn Smith
Jacquelyn Ellen "Jaclyn" Smith (born October 26, 1945) is an American actress and businesswoman. She is best known for the role of Kelly Garrett in the television series Charlie's Angels, and was the only original female lead to remain with the series for its complete run (1976–81). Beginning in the 1980s, she began developing and marketing her own brands of clothing and perfume.
Jacquelyn Ellen Smith was born in Houston, Texas, the daughter of Margaret Ellen (née Hartsfield) and Jack Smith, a dentist. She attended Trinity University in San Antonio.
After college, Smith moved to New York City with hopes of dancing with the ballet. Her career aspirations shifted to modeling and acting as she found work in television commercials and print ads, including one for Listerene mouthwash. She landed a job as a "Breck girl" for Breck Shampoo in 1971, and a few years later joined another popular model/actress, Farrah Fawcett, as a spokesmodel for Wella Balsam shampoo.
On March 21, 1976, the first appearance of Smith playing the character Kelly Garrett in Charlie's Angels was aired as a movie of the week. The movie starred Kate Jackson, Farrah Fawcett (billed as Farrah Fawcett-Majors) and Smith as private investigators for Townsend Associates, a detective agency run by a reclusive multi-millionaire whom the women had never met. Voiced by John Forsythe, the Charles Townsend character presented cases and dispensed advice via a speakerphone to his core team of three female employees, to whom he referred as "Angels." They were aided in the office and occasionally in the field by two male associates, played by character actors David Doyle and David Ogden Stiers. The program earned a huge Nielsen rating, causing the network to air it a second time and okay production for a series, with all of the principal characters save the one played by Stiers.
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Jason Robards
Jason Nelson Robards, Jr. (July 26, 1922 – December 26, 2000) was an American actor on stage, and in film and television. He is a winner of the Tony Award, two Academy Awards and the Emmy Award. He was also a United States Navy combat veteran of World War II.
He became famous playing works of Eugene O'Neill, an American playwright, and regularly performed in O'Neill's works throughout his career. Robards was cast in both common-man roles and as well-known historical figures.
Robards was born in Chicago, the son of Hope Maxine (née Glanville) Robards and Jason Robards, Sr., an actor who regularly appeared on the stage and in such early films as The Gamblers (1929). Robards was of English, Welsh, Irish, and Swedish descent.
The family moved to New York City, New York, when Jason Jr. was still a toddler, and then moved to Los Angeles, California, when he was six years old. Later interviews with Robards suggested that the trauma of his parents' divorce, which occurred during his grade-school years, greatly affected his personality and worldview.
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Jennifer Coolidge
Jennifer Coolidge (born August 28, 1961) is an American actress best known for playing "Stifler's mom," the MILF in the film American Pie (1999); Hilary Duff's stepmother in A Cinderella Story (2004); Paulette, the manicurist in Legally Blonde (2001) and its sequel; the voice of Aunt Fanny in the animated feature Robots (2005); for her role in The Secret Life of the American Teenager as Betty; and for her regular role in the NBC sitcom Joey as Joey's agent, Bobbie Morganstern. She is also a regular actor in Christopher Guest's mockumentary films. Coolidge is an alumna of The Groundlings, an improv and sketch comedy troupe based in Los Angeles, CA. Currently she has a supporting role in 2 Broke Girls as Sophie.
Coolidge was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the daughter of Gretchen (née Knauff) and Paul Constant Coolidge, a plastics manufacturer. She was raised in Norwell, Massachusetts, and has a brother, Andrew, and two sisters, Elizabeth and Susannah. Coolidge attended Norwell High School, the Cambridge School of Weston, Emerson College in Boston and the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City. Her charitable work has included a history of supporting AIDS assistance and animal rights.
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Jeremy Davies
Jeremy Davies (born October 8, 1969) is an American film and television actor. He is known for portraying the interpreter Cpl. Timothy E. Upham in the film Saving Private Ryan and the physicist Daniel Faraday on the television series Lost. He most recently appeared in the FX series, Justified, as Dickie Bennett.
Davies was born in Traverse City, Michigan. He is the son of children's author Mel Boring; Davies is his mother's maiden name. He has three siblings: Josh, Zachary, and Katy. His parents separated when he was young, leaving Davies to relocate to Kansas with his mother until the mid-1970s, when she died of lupus, Davies went to live with his father and stepmother in Santa Barbara, California, before moving to Rockford, Iowa, in 1986, where he completed high school. Jeremy attended college at The American Academy of Dramatic Arts in California. His roommate was character actor Jeffrey Asch. Jeremy Davies has Scottish and English ancestry.
In 1992, he appeared on two episodes of The Wonder Years. He appeared in small roles in the NBC TV movie Shoot First: A Cop's Vengeance and in the pilot for the colonial-era sitcom 1775. He played a youth in the Showtime thriller Guncrazy and had a guest appearance on Melrose Place.
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Jim Backus
James Gilmore "Jim" Backus (February 25, 1913 – July 3, 1989) was an American radio, television, film, and voice actor. Among his most famous roles are the voice of nearsighted cartoon character Mr. Magoo, the rich Hubert Updike III on the radio version of The Alan Young Show, Joan Davis's character's husband (a domestic court judge) on TV's I Married Joan, James Dean's character's father in Rebel Without a Cause and Thurston Howell, III on the 1960s sitcom Gilligan's Island. He also starred in his own show of one season, The Jim Backus Show, also known as Hot off the Wire.
An avid golfer, Backus made the 36-hole cut at the 1964 Bing Crosby Pro-Am tournament.
James Gilmore Backus was born February 25, 1913 in Cleveland, Ohio, and raised in Bratenahl, Ohio, a wealthy village surrounded by greater Cleveland. He was the son of Russell Gould Backus, a mechanical engineer, and Daisy Gilmore (née Taylor) Backus. Backus was expelled from the Kentucky Military Institute for riding a horse through the mess hall.[citation needed]
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Jimmy Pardo
Jimmy Pardo (born James Ronald Pardo, Jr., July 28, 1966) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, and host of the popular comedy podcast Never Not Funny. He is married to fellow comedian Danielle Koenig. They live in Los Angeles with their son Oliver. He is not related to the famed TV announcer Don Pardo.
Pardo was born in Chicago, Illinois and spent his first 8 years living on the south side, eventually moving to the south suburbs of Chicago. He spent his grade school years living in Hometown, Illinois. In 1980, his family moved to Oak Forest, Illinois where he attended Oak Forest High School. In 1986, he moved to Pasadena, California to attend the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. He attended for one year, then returned to Chicago to pursue a career in stand-up comedy.
In late 1988, Pardo started performing at open microphones at various venues around Chicago, including "The Roxy", "The Last Laugh" and "The Comedy Cottage". The plethora of successful comedy clubs in the area at that time meant Pardo started earning money almost immediately, allowing him to quit his day job as a sales rep for MCA Records. In addition to his comedy CDs Uno and Pompous Clown, in 2007 Pardo appeared on the comedy compilation CD Comedy Death-Ray. Pardo is also featured on The Bob and Tom Show's comedy collection As Big As a Hat.
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John Cassavetes
John Nicholas Cassavetes (in Greek: Γιάννης Νικόλαος Κασσαβέτης; December 9, 1929 – February 3, 1989) was an Greek-American actor, screenwriter and filmmaker. He acted in many Hollywood films, notably Rosemary's Baby (1968) and The Dirty Dozen (1967). Cassevetes was also a pioneer of American independent film by writing and directing over a dozen movies, which he financed in part with his Hollywood paychecks, and which pioneered the use of improvisation and a realistic cinéma vérité style.
Cassavetes was born in New York as the son of Greek American Katherine Cassavetes (who was to feature in some of his films) and Greek immigrant Nicholas John Cassavetes. His early years were spent with his family in Greece; when he returned at age seven, he spoke no English. He grew up on Long Island, New York. He attended Port Washington High School from 1945 to 1947, participating in Port Weekly (the school paper), Red Domino (interclass play), football, and the Port Light (yearbook). Next to his photo on page 55 of his 1947 year book is written: "'Cassy' is always ready with a wisecrack, but he does have a serious side. A 'sensational' personality. Drives his 'heap' all over." Cassavetes also attended high school at Blair Academy in New Jersey before spending a year at Colgate University in Hamilton, New York, before transferring to the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. After graduating in 1950, he continued acting in the theater, took small parts in films and began working on television in anthology series, such as Alcoa Theatre.
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John Lone
John Lone (Chinese: 尊龍; pinyin: Zūn Lóng; born October 13, 1952, as 吳國良) is a Hong Kong-born American actor. Lone has played roles as diverse as a caveman in Iceman (1984), the last Emperor of China in The Last Emperor (1987), and an apparently female opera performer in M. Butterfly (1993).
Lone was born as Ng Kwok-leung in Hong Kong, of Chinese and English descent.[citation needed] He was raised in a Hong Kong orphanage. He began training at Hong Kong's Chiu Chiu Academy and at the Peking Opera. It was here, at the age of ten he was given the name Johnny. He later chose the name Lone to reflect the fact that he was an orphan and for its similarity to Leung, his Chinese name.
Sponsored by an American family, he left the Peking Opera troupe and emigrated to Los Angeles, California. In the United States he married fellow Santa Ana Community College student Nina Savino in 1972, gaining U.S. citizenship. (The couple finally divorced in 1979.) John also continued his performing arts studies at American Academy of Dramatic Arts in Pasadena, California. Eventually, he would move to New York City, in order to pursue a career on stage.
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Johnny Knoxville
Philip John Clapp (born March 11, 1971), better known by his stage name Johnny Knoxville, is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, producer and stunt performer, most commonly associated as a co-creator and cast member on the MTV reality series Jackass.
Knoxville was born in Knoxville, Tennessee, the son of Lemoyne and Philip Clapp. Phillip Clapp, Knoxville's father, worked as a car salesman.
Knoxville credits a copy of Jack Kerouac's On the Road given to him by his cousin, country singer/songwriter Roger Alan Wade, with giving him the acting bug. After graduating from South-Young High School in 1989 in Knoxville, he moved to California to become an actor, and at first appeared in commercials and as an extra. Not getting the big break he had hoped for, he began writing and pitching article ideas to various magazines. An idea to test self-defense equipment on himself was picked up by the Jeff Tremaine-helmed skateboarding magazine Big Brother, and the stunts were filmed and included in Big Brother's Number Two video.
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Judd Hirsch
Judd Hirsch (born March 15, 1935) is an American actor most known for playing Alex Rieger on the television comedy series Taxi, John Lacey on the NBC series Dear John, and Alan Eppes on the CBS series Numb3rs.
He was born in The Bronx borough of New York City, New York, the son of Sally (née Kitzis) and Joseph Sidney Hirsch, an electrician. His father was also born in New York where the family had lived since the mid-1800s. Sally (Sarah) Kitzis was born in Russia. Hirsch was raised Jewish.[citation needed]
He attended DeWitt Clinton High School, located in The Bronx, and later earned a college degree from the City College of New York in physics.[citation needed]
Hirsch's first major television appearance was in the mini-series The Law (1974).
For his performance in Taxi, in 1981 and again in 1983, Judd Hirsch won the Emmy Award for Lead Actor In a Comedy Series. Hirsch went on to play the title character on the modestly successful sitcom Dear John and in 1989 won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Television Series in a Comedy or Musical for this role. He later teamed with Bob Newhart in the short-lived comedy George and Leo. He had also previously starred for one season in the series Delvecchio, playing a police detective (1976–1977).
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Julia Duffy
Julia Duffy (born Julia Margaret Hinds; June 27, 1951) is an American actress from Minneapolis, Minnesota, specializing in character roles, best known as the spoiled rich girl and Dick Loudon's (played by Bob Newhart) inn maid, Stephanie Vanderkellen, on the 1980s sitcom, Newhart.
Duffy's early caeer included parts in soap operas such as One Life to Live, The Doctors and Love of Life. Duffy also appeared in movies such as Night Warning (1981) and Cutter's Way (1981). She made an appearance on the television sitcom Cheers in 1982.
In 1983, she played Princess Ariel Baaldorf in the medieval spoof Wizards and Warriors, which had a short run on the CBS television network.
Duffy joined the cast of the television series Newhart in its second season (she made an appearance in the 14th episode of the 1st season), playing the part of the self-infatuated preppy maid Stephanie Vanderkellen. It is probably her most popular role and one she played for seven seasons. She earned Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for the role every year from 1984 through 1990. She also received a Golden Globe nomination and won three Viewers For Quality Television Awards for her work. Julia was actually pregnant during several episodes of Newhart. To hide it, she wore baggy clothes and stood behind furniture.
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Kate Jackson
Kate Jackson (born October 29, 1948) is an American actress, director, and producer, perhaps best known for her role as Sabrina Duncan in the popular 1970s television series Charlie's Angels. Jackson is a three-time Emmy Award nominee in the Best Actress category, has been nominated for several Golden Globe Awards, and has won the titles of Favorite Television Actress in England, and Favorite Television Star in Germany—several times—for her work in the television series Scarecrow and Mrs. King. She co-produced that series through her production company, Shoot the Moon Enterprises Ltd., with Warner Brothers Television. Jackson has starred in a number of theatrical and TV films, and played the lead role on the short-lived television adaptation of the film Baby Boom.
Lucy Kate Jackson was born in Birmingham, Alabama, the daughter of Ruth (née Shepherd) and Hogan Jackson, a business executive. She attended The Brooke Hill School for Girls and then went on to the University of Mississippi, where she was a member of the Delta Rho chapter of the Kappa Kappa Gamma sorority, but during her sophomore year at the University of Mississippi, she moved to New York City to study acting at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts.[citation needed]
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Katherine Moennig
Katherine Sian Moennig (Pronounced meh-nig; born December 29, 1977)[dead link] is an American actress known for her role as Shane McCutcheon on The L Word, as well as Jake Pratt on Young Americans. In 2009, she starred as Dr. Miranda Foster on CBS Three Rivers.
Moennig was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Broadway dancer Mary Zahn and violin maker William H. Moennig III. Moennig has a half-sister and a half-brother from the first marriage of her father.[dead link] Moennig is also the half-niece of actress Blythe Danner (who is the half sister of Moennig's father) and the cousin of actress Gwyneth Paltrow and director Jake Paltrow. Moennig is of German, Scottish and Irish descent.[citation needed]
Moennig moved to New York City at the age of 18 to study at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts.[citation needed]
In 1999, she had the central role in the Our Lady Peace video "Is Anybody Home?".[citation needed] She also took a role in a Fleet Bank commercial, and appeared in a Red Cross Campaign benefitting victims of Hurricane Katrina.[citation needed] Moennig was a presenter at the 17th annual GLAAD awards and appeared at the 10th annual Ribbon of Hope Celebration.
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Kevin Sussman
Kevin Sussman (born December 4, 1970) is an American actor of television and film perhaps best known for his recurring roles as "Stuart Bloom" on The Big Bang Theory and as "Walter" on the now defunct comedy-drama Ugly Betty.
Sussman was born in Staten Island, New York, one of four brothers. He attended the College of Staten Island for one year and went on to graduate from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City. He later studied with acting teacher Uta Hagen for four years.
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Kim Cattrall
Kim Victoria Cattrall ( /kəˈtræl/; born 21 August 1956) is an English-Canadian actress. She is known for her role as Samantha Jones in the HBO comedy/romance series Sex and the City and for her leading roles in the 1980s films Police Academy, Big Trouble in Little China, Mannequin, and Porky's. For her role as Samantha Jones, she won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress in 2002 and received four nominations for the role. Her success in Sex and the City also led her to receive two Screen Actors Guild Awards out of seven nominations (including two for Outstanding Female Actress in a Comedy Series) and five Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. In September and October 2011, she appeared in a production of Noël Coward's Private Lives in Toronto, Canada co-starring Paul Gross; the production then moved to Broadway where it opened for previews 6 November 2011.
Cattrall was born in Mossley Hill, Liverpool, Merseyside. Her mother, Gladys Shane (née Baugh), was a secretary, and her father, Dennis Cattrall, was a construction engineer. When she was three months old, her family emigrated to the Canadian city of Courtenay in British Columbia. At 11, she returned to England when her grandmother became ill. She took a number of acting examinations with the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA), before returning to Canada at age 16 to finish high school.
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Kim Shaw
Kim Shaw (born May 20, 1984) is a Canadian-born American actress, best known for her role in the 2007 independent film Greetings from the Shore.
Shaw was born in Windsor, Ontario, Canada, but moved to Miami, Florida and became an American citizen in 1998.[citation needed] She graduated from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City. She has been in two films with Sarah Jessica Parker; 'Sex and The City '(2008) and "Did you hear about the Morgans.'(2009) Notable recurring characters on tv include Amber Madison on "The Good Wife", and Tina Bradley on MTV's new comedy series "I Just Want My Pants Back".
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Kirk Douglas
Kirk Douglas (born Issur Danielovitch, Russian: И́сер Даниело́вич; December 9, 1916) is an American stage and film actor, film producer and author. His popular films include Out of the Past (1947), Champion (1949), Ace in the Hole (1951), The Bad and the Beautiful (1952), Lust for Life (1956), Paths of Glory (1957), Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (1957), Spartacus (1960), and Lonely Are the Brave (1962).
He is No.17 on the American Film Institute's list of the greatest male American screen legends of all time, making him the highest-ranked living person on the list. In 1996, he received the Academy Honorary Award "for 50 years as a creative and moral force in the motion picture community."
Douglas was born Issur Danielovitch in Amsterdam, New York, the son of Bryna "Bertha" (née Sanglel) and Herschel "Harry" Danielovitch, a businessman. His parents were Jewish immigrants from Gomel, Belarus. His father's brother, who emigrated earlier, used the surname Demsky, which Douglas's family adopted in the United States. In addition to their surname, his parents also changed their given names to Harry and Bertha. Douglas grew up as Izzy Demsky and legally changed his name to Kirk Douglas before entering the Navy during World War II.
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Laura Branigan
Laura Ann Branigan (July 3, 1957 – August 26, 2004) was an Italian-American singer-songwriter and actress. She is best known for her 1982 Platinum-certified hit "Gloria" (an Italian love song recorded by Umberto Tozzi in 1979) and for the number-one single "Self Control" (The original version by the italian singer and writers Raffaele Riefoli "Raf"). Branigan is also remembered for the Top 10 "Solitaire" and for the number-one adult contemporary hit "How Am I Supposed to Live Without You", as well as four other US Top 40 hits.
Branigan also contributed songs to notable motion picture and television soundtracks, including the Grammy and Academy Award-winning Flashdance soundtrack (1983), the Ghostbusters soundtrack (1984), and the Baywatch soundtrack (1994), as well as having songs featured in the popular Grand Theft Auto video game series.
Her signature song "Gloria" stayed on the Billboard Hot 100 for 36 weeks, at the time a record for a female artist. The song holds a place in the top 100 singles of both 1982 and 1983.
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Lauren Bacall
Lauren Bacall ( /ˌlɔrən bəˈkɔːl/; born Betty Joan Perske, September 16, 1924) is an American film and stage actress and model, known for her distinctive husky voice and sultry looks.
She first emerged as leading lady in the Humphrey Bogart film To Have And Have Not (1944) and continued on in the film noir genre, with appearances in Bogart movies The Big Sleep (1946) and Dark Passage (1947), as well as a comedienne in How to Marry a Millionaire (1953) with Marilyn Monroe and Designing Woman (1957) with Gregory Peck. Bacall has also worked on Broadway in musicals, gaining Tony Awards for Applause in 1970 and Woman of the Year in 1981. Her performance in the movie The Mirror Has Two Faces (1996) earned her a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award nomination.
In 1999, Bacall was ranked #20 of the 25 actresses on the AFI's 100 Years... 100 Stars list by the American Film Institute. In 2009, she was selected by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to receive an Academy Honorary Award "in recognition of her central place in the Golden Age of motion pictures."
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Leisha Hailey
Leisha Hailey (born July 11, 1971) is an American actress and musician most widely known for playing Alice Pieszecki in the Showtime Networks production The L Word. Hailey first came to the public's attention as a musician in the pop duo The Murmurs and has continued a music career as part of the band Uh Huh Her.
Born in Okinawa, Japan to American parents, Hailey grew up in Bellevue, Nebraska and attended Bellevue West High School.[citation needed] At 17, she came out as a lesbian before moving to New York City to attend the American Academy of Dramatic Arts.
With her Academy classmate Heather Grody, she formed the pop duo The Murmurs in 1991. In the 1990s, they released several albums and toured on the Lilith Fair.[citation needed] In 2001, Hailey and Grody changed their name to Gush. The band split when Hailey began working for The L Word. In 2005, Hailey founded Marfa Records.
In July 2007, Uh Huh Her, an electropop duo consisting of Hailey and Camila Grey, released an EP entitled I See Red; over a year later they released their first album Common Reaction.
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Lela Ivey
Lela Ivey (born June 26, 1958, in New York City)is an American actress of film and television.
Ivey is a graduate of The American Academy of Dramatic Arts (NYC). For 25 years she made her living as an actress working in television, film and theatre while living in New York City and Los Angeles. Some favorite stage roles include The Waiting Room at the Mark Taper Forum for which she received a Los Angeles Ovation Award nomination and The Marriage of Bette and Boo at the Los Angeles Theatre Center for which she received a Los Angeles Drama-Logue Award nomination. She also appeared at the Ipswitch Theatre Festival in Massachusetts in Liberties Taken, directed by Julie Taymor. She is a member of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG), AEA and AFTRA. Ms. Ivey is also currently serves an adjunct faculty member at Lansing Community College, as well as part of the Theatre Department at Michigan State University.
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Loretta Swit
Loretta Jane Swit (born November 4, 1937) is an American stage and television actress known for her character roles. Swit is best known for her portrayal of Major Margaret "Hot Lips" Houlihan on M*A*S*H.
Swit was born in Passaic, New Jersey, of Polish descent. She studied with Gene Frankel in Manhattan and considered him her acting coach. She regularly returned to his studio to speak with aspiring actors throughout her career. Swit is also a singer who trained at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts before entering the theater. She graduated from Pope Pius XII High School in Passaic, NJ, in 1955.
In 1967, Swit toured with the national company of Any Wednesday, starring Gardner McKay. She continued as one of the Pigeon sisters opposite Don Rickles and Ernest Borgnine in a Los Angeles run of The Odd Couple.
In 1975, Swit played in Same Time, Next Year on Broadway opposite Ted Bessell. She also performed on Broadway in The Mystery of Edwin Drood. From there, she played Agnes Gooch in the Las Vegas version of Mame, starring Susan Hayward and later, Celeste Holm. Most recently, Swit has toured with The Vagina Monologues.
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Marc Daniels
Marc Daniels (January 27, 1912 – April 23, 1989), born Danny Marcus, was an American television director.
After serving in World War II, Daniels was hired by CBS to direct its first dramatic anthology program, Ford Theater. He mastered live television directing, and was hired to direct the first 38 episodes of I Love Lucy. Daniels, along with cinematographer Karl Freund, has been credited with introducing the three-camera technique of filming as opposed to the conventional one-camera. In a 1977 interview, Daniels noted that he left I Love Lucy to take another job that paid more. "Maybe it was a stupid thing to do," he said. "But then we didn't know we were creating history. We were just doing a show".
In addition to I Love Lucy, Daniels also directed episodes of Where's Raymond?, Gunsmoke, Fame, Alice, and Hogan's Heroes. To science fiction fans, Daniels is perhaps best known for directing over a dozen episodes of Star Trek (including the classic "Mirror, Mirror") and writing an episode of the animated series ("One of Our Planets is Missing"). During his career, Daniels was nominated for three Emmy awards and three Directors Guild of America awards.
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Martin Davidson
Martin Davidson (born November 7, 1939) is an American film director, screenwriter, producer and actor. After attending the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, he spent five years as an actor in Off Broadway shows and regional theater. His directorial debut was The Lords of Flatbush starring Sylvester Stallone and Henry Winkler. He won an ACE award for his film Long Gone, an HBO movie starring William Petersen and Virginia Madsen.
He may be best remembered for directing the cult film Eddie and the Cruisers.
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Mary Nash
Mary Nash (August 15, 1884 – December 3, 1976) was an American actress.
Nash was born on August 15, 1884 (some say 1885) in Troy, New York, to parents Philip Nash, who worked for B. F. Keith Vaudeville Circuit, and Ellen Frances MacNamara. She was educated at the Convent of St. Anne in Montreal and trained for acting at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. Her younger sister was theater actress Florence Nash.
She was a noted stage actress in New York and successful in vaudeville before moving to Hollywood in 1934, where she was in films until 1946. According to Allmovie: "Nash was often cast as seemingly mild-mannered women who turned vicious when challenged, as witness her work in College Scandal (1936) and Charlie Chan in Panama (1940). ... Mary Nash's most sympathetic role was as the long-suffering wife of blustering capitalist J. B. Ball in Easy Living (1937)." Nash probably is best known for two films where she acted alongside Shirley Temple, first as Fraulein Rottenmeier in Heidi (1937) and then as the selfish and authoritarian Miss Minchin in The Little Princess (1939). She also was well known as Katharine Hepburn's socialite mother in both stage and movie productions of The Philadelphia Story (1940). She played a supporting role in the 1936 Academy Award-winning film Come and Get It and a featured role in In the Meantime, Darling in 1944.
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Max Crumm
Aaron Maximillian "Max" Crumm (born October 8, 1985) is an American actor, singer, and the winner of the role of "Danny" on the televised Grease: You're the One that I Want! competition. He played Danny in the 2007 Broadway run of Grease. Crumm starred on Broadway from August 17, 2007, to July 24, 2008.
Crumm was born in Pasadena, California, the son of Rachel and Gary Crumm. He has an older sister, Janelle (born c. 1981), and a younger brother, Jack (born c. 2001). Crumm grew up in Phoenix, and was in his first play by the age of 6 and has not stopped performing since then. He graduated from Desert Vista High School in 2003, and then moved to Los Angeles to pursue a career in acting, attending the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in Hollywood. While seeking jobs as an actor, he worked at a gym. In 2006 had a principal role in the film Echoboom.
Also in 2006, he auditioned to be a contestant on the Grease competition. Criticized for his "slacker" attitude and bad haircut, he barely made it onto the show, literally being the last person chosen. However, he won over the judges with very entertaining performances in which he displayed a keen sense of humor. Crumm proceeded to the finals of the show, where on March 18, 2007 it was revealed that he held a 1% difference in voter preference between him and his finalist competitor Austin Miller. On March 25, 2007, Crumm was declared the winner. He began to play the role of Danny on Broadway July 24, 2007, playing alongside the female winner Laura Osnes as Sandy. Crumm and Osnes played their final performances as Danny and Sandy on July 20, 2008. They were replaced by Grease: You're the One that I Want! runners-up Derek Keeling and Ashley Spencer.
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Melanie Safka
Melanie Anne Safka-Schekeryk (born February 3, 1947) is an American singer-songwriter. Known professionally as simply Melanie, she is best known for her hits "Brand New Key", "Ruby Tuesday", "What Have They Done To My Song Ma" and "Lay Down (Candles in the Rain)".
Melanie was born and grew up in the Astoria neighborhood of Queens, New York City, New York. Melanie made her first public singing appearance at age four on the radio show Live Like A Millionaire, performing the song "Gimme a Little Kiss". She attended Red Bank High School in Red Bank, New Jersey, graduating in 1966. After school, her parents insisted she go to college, so she studied acting at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York, where she began singing in the folk clubs of Greenwich Village and signed her first recording contract.
Initially signed to Columbia Records in the United States, Melanie released two singles on the label. Subsequently she signed with Buddah Records and first found chart success in Europe in 1969 with "Bobo's Party" which reached Number 1 in France. Her debut album received rave reviews from Billboard which heralded her voice as "... wise beyond her years. Her non-conformist approach to the selections on this LP make her a new talent to be reckoned with."[citation needed]
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Nina Foch
Nina Foch (April 20, 1924 – December 5, 2008) was a Dutch-born American actress and leading lady in many 1940s and 1950s films.
Nina Foch was born Nina Consuelo Maud Fock in Leiden, Holland. Her mother was the American actress and singer Consuelo Flowerton, who returned to the U.S. after her marriage to Foch's father, Dutch classical music conductor Dirk Fock ended. They divorced when Nina was a toddler. As Foch grew up in New York, her mother encouraged her artistic talents. She played the piano and enjoyed art but was more interested in acting.
Foch lived in Beverly Hills, California for 40 years. She married three times. Her first marriage was to James Lipton, the future host of Inside the Actors Studio. She later married Dennis de Brito in 1959. The couple had one child before divorcing in 1963. Her final marriage, to Michael Dewell, began in 1967 but ended in divorce in 1993.
Foch died December 5, 2008, of complications from the blood disorder myelodysplasia at the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center. Her only son, Dr. Dirk de Brito, told the Los Angeles Times that "She had become ill while teaching at the University of Southern California's School of Cinematic Arts."
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Paul Rudd
Paul Stephen Rudd (born April 6, 1969) is an American actor, comedian and screenwriter. He has primarily appeared in comedies, and is known for his roles in the films Clueless, Wet Hot American Summer, Anchorman, Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers, The 40-Year-Old Virgin, Knocked Up, Forgetting Sarah Marshall, Dinner for Schmucks, The Object of My Affection, Role Models, I Love You, Man, and Our Idiot Brother. In television, he appeared on the NBC sitcom Friends, playing Mike Hannigan, Phoebe Buffay's boyfriend and later husband, and is commonly featured on the Tim and Eric show.
Rudd was born in Passaic, New Jersey. His parents, both natives of London (England), were Jewish, and were descended from immigrants from Russia and Poland; the family's original surname, "Rudnitzky", was changed by his grandfather to "Rudd". Rudd had a bar mitzvah. His father, Michael, was a historical tour guide who was formerly the vice president of World Airways, while his mother, Gloria, was a sales manager at the television station KSMO-TV. When he was ten, Rudd's family moved to Overland Park, Kansas, where he was raised; his family also spent three years living in Anaheim, California, because of his father's occupation. He attended high school at Shawnee Mission West and college at the University of Kansas, where he was a member of the Nu Chapter of Sigma Nu. He spent three months studying Jacobean drama at the British American Drama Academy based in Oxford, U.K.
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Peter Weller
Peter Frederick Weller (born June 24, 1947) is an American film and stage actor, director and lecturer.
He is best known for his roles as the title character in the first two RoboCop films and Buckaroo Banzai in the cult classic The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension. He received an Academy Award nomination for his direction for the 1993 short Partners, in which he also acted. He also hosted the show Engineering an Empire on the History Channel. He played Stan Liddy in the 5th season of the Showtime original series Dexter.
Weller was born in Stevens Point, Wisconsin, the son of Dorothy Jean (née Davidson), a homemaker, and Frederick Bradford Weller, a lawyer, federal judge, and career helicopter pilot for the United States Army. Weller had a "middle-class Catholic" upbringing. As a result of his father's army work, Weller spent many years abroad during his childhood. His family lived in Germany for several years before eventually moving to Texas, where he attended Alamo Heights High School in San Antonio. While enrolled at North Texas State University (now the University of North Texas), he played trumpet in one of the campus bands. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Theatre in 1969, and began his acting career after graduating from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts.
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Randolph Mantooth
Randolph Mantooth (born September 19, 1945) is an American character actor of stage, film and television. Mantooth is best known for his work in the 1970s medical drama, Emergency!, as Johnny Gage, a Los Angeles County Fire Department paramedic. He is also known for his work on the E! Network's program Talk Soup alongside host John Henson, and for appearing in various soap operas starting in 1987.
Mantooth, the oldest of four children, was born in Sacramento, California, to Sadie and Donald (Buck) Mantooth. He is half Seminole. Because of his father's job in the construction industry, Mantooth's family lived in 24 states, finally settling in Santa Barbara, California, where he grew up. Even as a child, Mantooth was fascinated with acting. He attended San Marcos High School, where he further cultivated his passion in drama, which led him to become an actor. He graduated from high school in 1964 and then the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York, with a major in drama. One of his earlier jobs was as an elevator operator at the Madison Ave. Baptist Church and as a page at NBC Studios at Rockefeller Center in New York City. His very first paying job in life was as a newspapers boy for the local paper, the Coatesville Record, in Coatesville, Pennsylvania.
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Robby Benson
Robby Benson (born January 21, 1956) is an American film and television actor, television director, educator and singer.
Benson was born Robin David Segal in Dallas, Texas, the son of Freda Ann (née Benson), a singer, actress, and business promotions manager, and Jerry Segal, a writer. His family is Jewish and his sister, Shelli Segal, is a designer for the clothing line known as Laundry by Shelli Segal. Benson was raised in New York City and took his mother's maiden name as his stage name when he was 10.
Benson made his film debut with an uncredited role in Wait Until Dark (1967) as the "Boy Tossing Ball" and his Broadway debut in The Rothschilds (1970). Benson had an early role on the daytime soap Search for Tomorrow (1971–72). As a film actor, Benson was popular for teenage roles in coming-of-age films, such as 1972's Jory, 1973'sJeremy, and as Billy Joe McAllister in 1976's Ode to Billy Joe.
He was listed as one of twelve "Promising New Actors of 1976" in John Willis' Screen World, Vol. 28. (1976) and auditioned for the role of Luke Skywalker in Star Wars (1977) but lost the role to Mark Hamill.[citation needed] He received critical acclaim for his role as hockey player Nick Peterson in Ice Castles (1978).[citation needed] In Walk Proud (1979), he played a Chicano gang member.
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Robert Cummings
Charles Clarence Robert Orville Cummings (June 9, 1910 – December 2, 1990), mostly known professionally as Robert Cummings but sometimes as Bob Cummings, was an American film and television actor.
Cummings performed mainly in comedies, but was effective in his few dramas, especially two Alfred Hitchcock films, Saboteur (1942) and Dial M for Murder (1954).
Bob Cummings was born in Joplin, Missouri, a son of Dr. Charles Clarence Cummings and his wife Ruth Annabelle Kraft. His father was a surgeon, who was part of the original medical staff of St. John's Hospital in Joplin. He was the founder of the Jasper County Tuberculosis Hospital in Webb City, Missouri. Cummings' mother was an ordained minister of the Science of Mind.
While attending Joplin High School, Cummings was taught to fly by his godfather, Orville Wright. His first solo was on 3 March, 1927. During high school Cummings would give Joplin residents rides in his plane for $5 per person. When the government began licensing flight instructors, Cummings was issued flight instructor certificate number 1, making him the first official flight instructor in the United States.
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Robert Redford
Charles Robert Redford, Jr. (born August 18, 1936), better known as Robert Redford, is an American actor, film director, producer, businessman, environmentalist, philanthropist, and founder of the Sundance Film Festival. He has received two Oscars: one in 1981 for directing Ordinary People, and one for Lifetime Achievement in 2002. In 2010 he was awarded French Knighthood in the Legion d'Honneur. At the height of his fame in the 1970s and 1980s, he was often described as one of the world's most attractive men and remains one of the most popular movie stars. His popular films include Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969), Downhill Racer (1969), Jeremiah Johnson (1972), The Candidate (1972), The Sting (1973), The Way We Were (1973), The Great Gatsby (1974), Three Days of the Condor (1975), The Great Waldo Pepper (1975), All the President's Men (1976), A Bridge Too Far (1977), The Natural (1984), Out of Africa (1985), Sneakers (1992), Indecent Proposal (1993),The Last Castle and Spy Game (2001). As a filmmaker, his notable films include Ordinary People (1980), The Milagro Beanfield War (1988), A River Runs Through It (1992), Quiz Show (1994), The Horse Whisperer (1998) and The Legend of Bagger Vance (2000).
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Rosalind Russell
Rosalind Russell (June 4, 1907 – November 28, 1976) was an American actress of stage and screen, perhaps best known for her role as a fast-talking newspaper reporter in the Howard Hawks screwball comedy His Girl Friday, as well as the role of Mame Dennis in the film Auntie Mame. She won all 5 Golden Globes for which she was nominated, and was tied with Meryl Streep for wins until 2007 when Streep was awarded a sixth. Russell won a Tony Award in 1953 for Best Performance by an Actress in a Musical for her portrayal of Ruth in the Broadway show Wonderful Town (a musical based on the film My Sister Eileen, in which she also starred).
Russell was known for playing character roles, exceptionally wealthy, dignified ladylike women, as well as for being one of the few actresses of her time who regularly played professional women, such as judges, reporters, and psychiatrists. She had a wide career span from the 1930s to the 1970s and attributed her long career to the fact that, although usually playing classy and glamorous roles, she never became a sex symbol, not being famous for her looks.
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Ruth Gordon
Ruth Gordon Jones (October 30, 1896 – August 28, 1985), better known as Ruth Gordon, was an American actress and writer. She was perhaps best known for her film roles such as Minnie Castevet, Rosemary's overly solicitous neighbor in Rosemary's Baby, as the eccentric Maude in Harold and Maude and as the mother of Orville Boggs in the Clint Eastwood film Every Which Way but Loose. In addition to her acting career, Gordon wrote numerous well-known plays, film scripts and books. Gordon won an Academy Award, an Emmy and two Golden Globe awards for her acting, as well as three Academy Award nominations for her writing.
Gordon was born at 31 Marion Street in Quincy, Massachusetts. She was the only child of Annie Tapley (née Ziegler) and Clinton Jones, a factory foreman who had been a ship's captain. She was baptized an Episcopalian. Prior to graduating from Quincy High School, she wrote to several of her favorite actresses for an autographed picture. A personal reply she received from Hazel Dawn (whom she had seen in a stage production of The Pink Lady) inspired her to go into acting. Although her father was skeptical of her chances of success in a difficult profession, he took his daughter to New York in 1914, where he enrolled her in the American Academy of Dramatic Arts.
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Sally Gifford
Sally Gifford is best known as one of the hosts of CBC Television's national children's show, The-X, which was shown across Canada.
She attended the famous American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City after graduating with an honours B.A. in Theatre and Sociology from Queen’s University. She previously attended Toronto's Northern Secondary School, which has a number of alumni who are well known in TV and film.
At the beginning of her career, on stage, she performed at Theatre Kingston and The Thousands Island Playhouse, while earning her degree in drama at Queen's University. Then she moved on to TV, both as a host, and actress.
On The-X, she's interviewed various stars, such as Lindsay Lohan, Gwyneth Paltrow, Katie Holmes, Hilary Duff, and Jude Law.
In the 2005 she appeared with Michael Ironside in the short film On That Day about the horrors of war. She's also guest starred on various TV shows, including 1-800-Missing (2003), Radio Free Roscoe (2003), Street Time (2002), and G-Spot (2005).
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Samuel Bernstein
Samuel Bernstein is an award winning screenwriter, director and author (born 1970) who grew up all over the world, living in Cairo, Honolulu, Austin, Phoenix, Albuquerque, New York City, Los Angeles, and Ft. Collins, Colorado, while his family also traveled through Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Caribbean. The dramatic events of his emotionally volatile upbringing are explored in "Kill Your Inner Child," his multimedia memoir from the Hearst Corporation.
Bernstein dove into show business immediately upon graduating high school a year early in Texas, moving to New York at the age of 17. After studying at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts he began to work as an actor and singer, most notably playing the role of “Magaldi” in various productions of Evita. In the early 90s he started writing, and his first play, “The Liquidation of Granny Peterman,” was produced in Hollywood. The Los Angeles Times said, "Samuel Bernstein's insights into what keeps families together are as rich as a holiday pudding."
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Shannon Whirry
Shannon Whirry (born November 7, 1964) is an American actress who was born in Green Lake, Wisconsin.
Shannon Whirry trained at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in the 1980s, appearing onstage in Butterflies Are Free and Mrs Warren's Profession. [citation needed]
However, she began to work primarily in erotic B movies in the early 1990s along with other scream queens of that era, such as Tanya Roberts, Maria Ford, and Shannon Tweed. Director Gregory Hippolyte's productions of Animal Instincts I and II, Body of Influence, and Mirror Images II featured Whirry in various stages of undress in repeated scenes. Other films were Private Obsession and Playback, a Playboy production.
In the late 1990s, she moved from softcore movies into a series of roles on mainstream network television and films, including action, sci-fi and horror genres. She had a recurring role as Mike Hammer's secretary Velda in the television series Mike Hammer, Private Eye and made guest appearances on such shows as ER, Felicity, Seinfeld, V.I.P., Murphy Brown, Malcolm in the Middle and Nash Bridges.
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Spencer Tracy
Spencer Bonaventure Tracy (April 5, 1900 – June 10, 1967) was an American actor. Respected for his natural style and versatility, Tracy was one of the major stars of Hollywood's Golden Age. In a screen career that spanned 37 years, he was nominated for nine Academy Awards for Best Actor—a record he holds with Laurence Olivier—of which he won two.
Tracy discovered his talent for acting while a student at Ripon College, and subsequently gained a scholarship for the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. He spent seven years in the theatre, working in a succession of stock companies and intermittently on Broadway. Tracy's breakthrough came in 1930, when his lead performance in The Last Mile caught the attention of Hollywood. After a successful film debut in Up the River, Tracy was signed to a contract with Fox Film Corporation. His five years with Fox were unremarkable, and he remained largely unknown to audiences after 25 films. In 1935, Tracy joined Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Hollywood's most prestigious studio. His career flourished with a series of hit films, and in 1937 and 1938 he won consecutive Oscars for Captains Courageous and Boys Town. By the 1940s, Tracy was one of the studio's top stars. In 1942 he appeared with Katharine Hepburn in Woman of the Year, beginning a popular partnership that produced nine movies over 25 years.
wn.com/Spencer_Tracy -
Stanford White
Stanford White (November 9, 1853 – June 25, 1906) was an American architect and partner in the architectural firm of McKim, Mead & White, the frontrunner among Beaux-Arts firms. He designed a long series of houses for the rich and the very rich, and various public, institutional, and religious buildings. His design principles embodied the "American Renaissance".
In 1906, White was murdered by millionaire Harry Kendall Thaw over White's affair with Thaw's wife, actress Evelyn Nesbit, leading to a court case which was dubbed "The Trial of the Century" by contemporary reporters.
Stanford White was the son of Shakespearean scholar Richard Grant White and Alexina Black Mease (1830–1921). He began his architectural career as the principal assistant to Henry Hobson Richardson, the greatest American architect of the day, creator of a style recognized today as "Richardsonian Romanesque". In 1878, White embarked for a year and a half in Europe, and when he returned to New York in September 1879, he joined Charles Follen McKim and William Rutherford Mead to form McKim, Mead and White.
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Sterling Holloway
Sterling Price Holloway, Jr. (January 4, 1905 – November 22, 1992) was an American character actor who appeared in 150 films and television shows. He was also a voice actor for The Walt Disney Company, well known for his distinctive tenor voice, and is perhaps best remembered as the original voice of Walt Disney's Winnie the Pooh.
Born on January 4, 1905 in Cedartown, Georgia, Holloway was named after his father, Sterling Price Holloway, who himself was named after a prominent Confederate general, Sterling "Pap" Price. His mother was Rebecca DeHaven (some sources say her last name was Boothby). He had a younger brother named Boothby. The family owned a grocery store in Cedartown, where his father served as mayor in 1912. He was said to have had a theatrical bent from an early age and reportedly bore a distant relationship to a historical London stage actress named Lady Penelope Boothby. After graduating from Georgia Military Academy in 1920 at age 15, he left Georgia for New York, where he attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. While there, he began a friendship with actor Spencer Tracy, whom he later stated to be one of his favorite actors to work with.
wn.com/Sterling_Holloway -
Thelma Ritter
Thelma Ritter (February 14, 1902 — February 5, 1969) was an American actress. She typically played working class characters and was noted for her distinctive voice, with a strong Brooklyn accent. Ritter received six Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actress.
Ritter was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1902. After appearing in high school plays and stock companies, she trained as an actress at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. She established a stage career but took a hiatus to raise her two children by her husband, Joseph Moran, an actor turned advertising executive.
Ritter did stock theater and radio shows early in her career, without much impact. Ritter's first movie role was in Miracle on 34th Street (1947). She made a memorable impression in a brief uncredited part, as a frustrated mother unable to find the toy that Kris Kringle has promised to her son. Her second role, in writer-director Joseph L. Mankiewicz's A Letter to Three Wives (1949), also left a mark, although Ritter was again uncredited.
wn.com/Thelma_Ritter -
Timothy Omundson
Timothy Michael Omundson (born July 29, 1969) is an American actor perhaps most notable for his supporting roles as Sean Potter on the CBS television series Judging Amy, Eli on the syndicated series Xena: Warrior Princess, and as Carlton Lassiter in the USA Network series Psych.
Omundson was born in St. Joseph, Missouri, to a railroad worker father and teacher mother. After his family moved to Seattle, Washington, he started to study theater at the age of twelve at the Seattle Children's Theater, and interned at various theaters during his high school years. With acting as his primary focus, he studied during the summer of his junior year in New York City at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. For two years in a row, he was Washington State Debate Champion in Dramatic Interpretation.
After graduating from Interlake High School in 1987, Omundson went to the University of Southern California where he graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Theater. He won USC's Jack Nicholson Award and James and Nony Doolittle Award for outstanding achievements in acting.
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Tom Poston
Thomas Gordon "Tom" Poston (October 17, 1921 – April 30, 2007) was an American television and film actor. He starred on television in a career that began in 1950. He appeared as a comic actor, game show panelist, comedy/variety show host, film actor, television actor, and Broadway performer.
Poston was born in Columbus, Ohio, the son of Margaret and George Poston, who was a liquor salesman and dairy chemist. After completing high school, Poston attended Bethany College in West Virginia, but did not graduate. While there, he joined Sigma Nu Fraternity.
Instead, he joined the United States Army Air Forces in 1941. Accepted to officer candidate school and then graduating from flight training, Poston served as a pilot in the European Theater in World War II; his aircraft dropped paratroopers for the Normandy invasion. Poston served in North Africa, Italy, France, and England. After his discharge, he began studying acting in New York City.
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Vince Edwards
Vince Edwards (July 9, 1928 — March 11, 1996) was an American actor, director, and singer, best known for the roles of TV doctor "Ben Casey", and Maj. Cliff Bricker in the 1968 war film The Devil's Brigade.
Edwards was born Vincent Edward Zoino in Brooklyn, New York, to Julia and Vincento Zoino, a bricklayer, immigrants from Italy. He had a twin brother and was the youngest of seven children. He was a standout on his high school swim team and went on to study at Ohio State University on an athletic scholarship. There, he was part of the university's swim team that won the United States National Championships.
Zoino studied acting at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts and in 1950, he was signed to a contract by Paramount Pictures, making his film debut as "Vince Edwards" in 1951's Mr. Universe then played the lead next year in Hiawatha. Although he had major or lead roles in several films, including the film noirs Murder by Contract (1958) and The Scavengers (1959), it was not until he was featured in the title character on the highly successful Ben Casey television series that he achieved a level of stardom. The medical drama show, which he occasionally directed, ran from 1961 to 1966 and, as a result of the show's and his own popularity, Edwards also released several music albums. Vince was represented by one of Hollywood's first "Super Agents", Abbey Greshler of Diamond Artists in Hollywood.
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Walter Abel
Walter Abel (June 6, 1898 – March 26, 1987) was an American stage and film character actor. His eyes were brown and his (adult) height was five foot ten inches.
Abel was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, the son of Christine (née Becker) and Richard Michael Abel. Abel graduated from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts where he had studied in 1917 and joined a touring company. He made his Broadway debut in Forbidden in 1919. His many theatre credits include As You Like It, Desire Under the Elms, Mourning Becomes Electra, Merrily We Roll Along, and Trelawny of the 'Wells'. On the stage, he appeared in Channing Pollock's 1926 production of The Enemy together with Fay Bainter.
Abel was married to concert harpist Marietta Bitter. He died of a myocardial infarction in Essex, Connecticut.
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Warren William
Warren William (December 2, 1894 – September 24, 1948) was a Broadway and Hollywood actor, popular during the early 1930s, who was later nicknamed the "king of Pre-Code". He was born Warren William Krech in Aitkin, Minnesota to parents Freeman E. and Frances Krech. He had a certain physical resemblance to John Barrymore. He attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. After moving from Broadway to Hollywood in 1931, he reached his peak as a leading man in early 1930s pre-Production Code films. He was a contract player at the Warner Bros. studio and was known for portraying amoral businessmen, lawyers, and other heartless types, including the Sam Spade character (renamed "Ted Shane") in the second filming of The Maltese Falcon, called Satan Met a Lady (1936) with Bette Davis.
He also played sympathetic roles, however, as in Imitation of Life, in which he portrayed Claudette Colbert's love interest. He appeared as her love interest again that year, when he played Julius Caesar to her Cleopatra in Cecil B. DeMille's version of Cleopatra. And he was the swashbucking d'Artagnan in the 1939 version of The Man in the Iron Mask, directed by James Whale.
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William Devane
William Joseph Devane (born September 5, 1937) is an American film, television and theater actor.
Devane was born in Albany, New York in 1939 (according to IMDB), the son of Joseph (Joe) Devane, who was Franklin D. Roosevelt's chauffeur when he was Governor of New York. Devane graduated from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York.
In 1966, Devane portrayed Robert Kennedy in the Off-Broadway spoof MacBird. He gained acclaim for his role as President John F. Kennedy in a TV movie about the Cuban Missile Crisis, The Missiles of October (1974), and again when he played blacklisted radio personality John Henry Faulk in the Emmy Award-winning TV movie, Fear on Trial (1975). He is widely known for his ten years as the villainous Greg Sumner on Knots Landing.
In 1994, Devane appeared as Al Capone in Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman in an episode entitled "That Old Gang of Mine". He also had a recurring role on the CBS show Early Edition (1996–2000) as lead character's father.
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William Powell
William Horatio Powell (July 29, 1892 – March 5, 1984) was an American actor.
A major star at MGM, he was paired with Myrna Loy in 14 films, including the popular Thin Man series based on the novels of Dashiell Hammett in which Powell and Loy played Nick and Nora Charles. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor three times: for The Thin Man (1934), My Man Godfrey (1936), and Life with Father (1947). William Powell was not related to David Powell, Dick Powell, Eleanor Powell, or Jane Powell.
An only child, Powell was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the son of Nettie Manila (née Brady) and Horatio Warren Powell, on July 29, 1892. His father was born in West Middlesex, Pennsylvania (where William H. Powell spent his boyhood summers), to William S. and Harriet Powell. Powell showed an early aptitude for performing. In 1907, he moved with his family to Kansas City, Missouri, where he graduated from Central High School in 1910. The Powells lived a few blocks away from the Carpenters, whose daughter Harlean evolved into Hollywood's Jean Harlow, although Powell would not meet her until both were established actors.
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The American Academy of Dramatic Arts
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- Duration: 2:41
- Updated: 23 Feb 2013
The American Academy of Dramatic Arts. ameracaddramaticarts13 videos. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 287. 2458. Like 19 Dislike 0. Like ... American Academy of Dramatic Arts AADAby ameracaddramaticarts 5444 views; 202. Watch Later American Academy of Dramatic Arts AADAby ameracaddramaticarts 2200 views; 137. Watch Later American Academy of Dramatic Arts AADAby ameracaddramaticarts 3096 views; 932. Watch Later AMDA Improvby trevychan 2760 views; 753. Watch Later ...
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The American Academy of Dramatic Arts. ameracaddramaticarts13 videos. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 287. 2458. Like 19 Dislike 0. Like ... American Academy of Dramatic Arts AADAby ameracaddramaticarts 5444 views; 202. Watch Later American Academy of Dramatic Arts AADAby ameracaddramaticarts 2200 views; 137. Watch Later American Academy of Dramatic Arts AADAby ameracaddramaticarts 3096 views; 932. Watch Later AMDA Improvby trevychan 2760 views; 753. Watch Later ...
American Academy of Dramatic Arts: "Pearls of Wisdom"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:14
- Updated: 13 May 2011
Why should I choose AADA? Find out what the AADA experience is all about and what the student's love about this conservatory training.
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Why should I choose AADA? Find out what the AADA experience is all about and what the student's love about this conservatory training.
- published: 12 May 2011
- views: 692
- author: Tyler Townsend
American Academy Of Dramatic Arts Audition - Ashlie Báez
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:54
- Updated: 05 Mar 2013
American Academy Of Dramatic Arts Audition Ashlie Báez. ashliem037 videos. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 10. 95 views. Like 0 Dislike 0. Like ... Summer 2011 AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DRAMATIC ARTSby xtinamorgan 58 views; 500. Watch Later Interview with Myanmar WellKnown Comedian & Actor Mossby MC Page 12921 views; 345. Watch Later American Academy of Dramatic Arts Auditionby mylesgregorywebb 1105 views; 812. Watch Later Rangam Episode 43 Behind the Scenes ...
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American Academy Of Dramatic Arts Audition Ashlie Báez. ashliem037 videos. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 10. 95 views. Like 0 Dislike 0. Like ... Summer 2011 AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DRAMATIC ARTSby xtinamorgan 58 views; 500. Watch Later Interview with Myanmar WellKnown Comedian & Actor Mossby MC Page 12921 views; 345. Watch Later American Academy of Dramatic Arts Auditionby mylesgregorywebb 1105 views; 812. Watch Later Rangam Episode 43 Behind the Scenes ...
- published: 13 Nov 2012
- views: 104
- author: ashliem03
American Academy of Dramatic Arts Audition
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:45
- Updated: 03 Jun 2011
Hello AADA. This is my audition for the scholarship for the summer program at the Los Angeles campus. This audition includes two monlogues: one dramatic and ...
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Hello AADA. This is my audition for the scholarship for the summer program at the Los Angeles campus. This audition includes two monlogues: one dramatic and ...
- published: 03 Jun 2011
- views: 1381
- author: mylesgregorywebb
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DRAMATIC ARTS 1979
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:46
- Updated: 21 Feb 2013
For licensing inquiries please contact Historic Films Archive (www.historicfilms.com / info@historicfilms.com) CU MAKE-UP BEING APPLIED TO EYES OF ACTRESS. D...
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For licensing inquiries please contact Historic Films Archive (www.historicfilms.com / info@historicfilms.com) CU MAKE-UP BEING APPLIED TO EYES OF ACTRESS. D...
- published: 21 Feb 2013
- views: 8
- author: HistoricFilmsArchive
Summer 2011 AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DRAMATIC ARTS
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- Duration: 8:10
- Updated: 16 Jul 2012
Summer 2011 AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DRAMATIC ARTS. xtinamorgan3 videos. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 0. 93 views. Like 1 Dislike 0. Like ... Watch Later American Academy Of Dramatic Arts Audition Ashlie Báezby ashliem03 35 views; 24654. Watch Later ValarasuwwwTamillegendsComby maran2lk 190171 views; 229. Watch Later vijayakanth and vadiveluby siva lingam 27652 views; 721. Watch Later Vijaykanth Vs Jayalalitha live fightby Naugty Franky 224857 views; 345. Watch Later ...
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Summer 2011 AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DRAMATIC ARTS. xtinamorgan3 videos. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 0. 93 views. Like 1 Dislike 0. Like ... Watch Later American Academy Of Dramatic Arts Audition Ashlie Báezby ashliem03 35 views; 24654. Watch Later ValarasuwwwTamillegendsComby maran2lk 190171 views; 229. Watch Later vijayakanth and vadiveluby siva lingam 27652 views; 721. Watch Later Vijaykanth Vs Jayalalitha live fightby Naugty Franky 224857 views; 345. Watch Later ...
- published: 15 Jul 2012
- views: 100
- author: XtinaMorgan
BFMTV NEWS AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DRAMATIC ARTS LOS ANGELES
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- Duration: 1:58
- Updated: 01 Mar 2012
BFMTV NEWS AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DRAMATIC ARTS LOS ANGELES. clemencemdb6 videos. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 1. 246 views. Like 0 Dislike 0. Like ... AADA Los Angeles Class of 2012by thenataliekay04484 views · American Academy of Dramatic ArtsPearls of Wisdom 314. Watch Later American Academy of Dramatic ArtsPearls of Wisdomby playersclubtbone596 views · Marry The NightSurprise Performance AADA 2012 610. Watch Later Marry The NightSurprise Performance ...
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BFMTV NEWS AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DRAMATIC ARTS LOS ANGELES. clemencemdb6 videos. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 1. 246 views. Like 0 Dislike 0. Like ... AADA Los Angeles Class of 2012by thenataliekay04484 views · American Academy of Dramatic ArtsPearls of Wisdom 314. Watch Later American Academy of Dramatic ArtsPearls of Wisdomby playersclubtbone596 views · Marry The NightSurprise Performance AADA 2012 610. Watch Later Marry The NightSurprise Performance ...
- published: 11 Feb 2012
- views: 258
- author: ClemenceMdB
The Academy's Conservatory for Young Actors
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- Duration: 2:56
- Updated: 26 Feb 2013
The American Academy of Dramatic Artsby ameracaddramaticarts 2358 views; 217. Watch Later AADA LA Students Speak1by ameracaddramaticarts 1354 views; 202. Watch Later American Academy of Dramatic Arts AADAby ameracaddramaticarts 2348 views; 210. Watch Later AADA LA Students Speak2by ameracaddramaticarts 787 views; 137. Watch Later American Academy of Dramatic Arts AADAby ameracaddramaticarts 3330 views; 255. Watch Later American Academy of Dramatic Arts 2006 ...
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The American Academy of Dramatic Artsby ameracaddramaticarts 2358 views; 217. Watch Later AADA LA Students Speak1by ameracaddramaticarts 1354 views; 202. Watch Later American Academy of Dramatic Arts AADAby ameracaddramaticarts 2348 views; 210. Watch Later AADA LA Students Speak2by ameracaddramaticarts 787 views; 137. Watch Later American Academy of Dramatic Arts AADAby ameracaddramaticarts 3330 views; 255. Watch Later American Academy of Dramatic Arts 2006 ...
- published: 25 Feb 2013
- views: 16
- author: AmerAcadDramaticArts
The Academy House | New York
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Updated: 26 Feb 2013
The American Academy of Dramatic Artsby ameracaddramaticarts 2358 views; 216. Watch Later American Academy of Dramatic Arts AADAby ameracaddramaticarts 5503 views; 217. Watch Later AADA LA Students Speak1by ameracaddramaticarts 1354 views; 137. Watch Later American Academy ... American Academy of Dramatic Arts AADAby ameracaddramaticarts 2348 views; 020. Watch Later American Academy of Dramatic Arts Cannes Film Festival 2006by ameracaddramaticarts 1276 views; 521 ...
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The American Academy of Dramatic Artsby ameracaddramaticarts 2358 views; 216. Watch Later American Academy of Dramatic Arts AADAby ameracaddramaticarts 5503 views; 217. Watch Later AADA LA Students Speak1by ameracaddramaticarts 1354 views; 137. Watch Later American Academy ... American Academy of Dramatic Arts AADAby ameracaddramaticarts 2348 views; 020. Watch Later American Academy of Dramatic Arts Cannes Film Festival 2006by ameracaddramaticarts 1276 views; 521 ...
- published: 25 Feb 2013
- views: 35
- author: AmerAcadDramaticArts
Felix Pire's "Mrs. Martinez" Monologue
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:50
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Performed at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in Hollywood, California where he teaches Solo Performance and Improv, this monologue is from Felix Pire's...
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Performed at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in Hollywood, California where he teaches Solo Performance and Improv, this monologue is from Felix Pire's...
- published: 14 Mar 2011
- views: 354
- author: Felix Pire
AADA Los Angeles - Class of 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:53
- Updated: 25 Aug 2012
congrats everyone! we did it. now let's show hollywood what we're made of. :)
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congrats everyone! we did it. now let's show hollywood what we're made of. :)
- published: 22 May 2012
- views: 612
- author: thenataliekay04
Yangyang taking a class at American Academy of Dramatic Arts
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:54
- Updated: 04 Mar 2013
Yangyang taking a class at American Academy of Dramatic Arts.
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Yangyang taking a class at American Academy of Dramatic Arts.
- published: 02 Dec 2010
- views: 4552
- author: sloppycheng
The Tempest - Highlights - AADA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:50
- Updated: 18 Jan 2013
A small highlights package from the Australian Academy of Dramatic Arts 2012 production of The Tempest. Get shipwrecked on an island of the mind. The mind of...
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A small highlights package from the Australian Academy of Dramatic Arts 2012 production of The Tempest. Get shipwrecked on an island of the mind. The mind of...
- published: 25 Oct 2012
- views: 481
- author: aadatvchannel
Francesco Gabriele Showreel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:27
- Updated: 27 Feb 2013
Francesco Gabriele graduated from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts (AADA) with a degree in Performing Arts (Acting) in 2012. Confess, directed by A. Bag...
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Francesco Gabriele graduated from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts (AADA) with a degree in Performing Arts (Acting) in 2012. Confess, directed by A. Bag...
- published: 26 Feb 2013
- views: 53
- author: Francesco Gabriele
World War II "Ring of Steel" 1941 Office for Emergency Management narrated by Spencer Tracy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:40
- Updated: 22 Jan 2013
more at http://quickfound.net/ Tribute to US soldiers referring to history prior to World War II. "U.S. armed forces protect the homefront." Directed by Gars...
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more at http://quickfound.net/ Tribute to US soldiers referring to history prior to World War II. "U.S. armed forces protect the homefront." Directed by Gars...
- published: 23 Oct 2012
- views: 303
- author: Jeff Quitney
American Academy of Dramatic Arts: "This is where it's at!"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:17
- Updated: 01 Jun 2012
What makes AADA the best Conservatory in the US? Find out from the students directly!
http://wn.com/American_Academy_of_Dramatic_Arts_This_is_where_it's_at!
What makes AADA the best Conservatory in the US? Find out from the students directly!
- published: 12 May 2011
- views: 330
- author: Tyler Townsend
Napoleon Bon Appetit! (and his Wench)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:05
- Updated: 05 Feb 2013
Watch! Rogue Creators Watch! Cindy talks to Derek Houck & Katherine Browning, Co-Creators/Stars of Napoleon Bon Appetit. Your friendly neighborhood office ge...
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Watch! Rogue Creators Watch! Cindy talks to Derek Houck & Katherine Browning, Co-Creators/Stars of Napoleon Bon Appetit. Your friendly neighborhood office ge...
- published: 21 Jan 2013
- author: WebSeriesWatch
Ozzy Osbourne Meets and Hugs Don Rickles!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:57
- Updated: 04 Mar 2013
http://www.youtube.com/user/SuperAngellica?feature=mhee (ABOUT) Rickles was born in the New York City borough of Queens to Max Rickles, who had emigrated in ...
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http://www.youtube.com/user/SuperAngellica?feature=mhee (ABOUT) Rickles was born in the New York City borough of Queens to Max Rickles, who had emigrated in ...
- published: 12 Jan 2013
- views: 2407
- author: SuperAngellica
Alumni Spotlight - Monique Salle - Music Theatre Student
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:49
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
AIMtv Testimonials present the 7th of a new series of videos entitled Alumni Spotlight, here we focus on Music Theatre Student Monique Salle. Monique talks u...
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AIMtv Testimonials present the 7th of a new series of videos entitled Alumni Spotlight, here we focus on Music Theatre Student Monique Salle. Monique talks u...
- published: 11 Oct 2012
- views: 211
- author: AIMtv Testimonials
GIDS: Getting Into Drama School - What drama school should I apply for? UPDATED!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:55
- Updated: 03 Mar 2013
The Academy of Live & Recorded Arts (ALRA)- http://www.alra.co.uk/ Arts Educational Schools London (Arts Ed)- http://www.artsed.co.uk/ Birmingham School of A...
http://wn.com/GIDS_Getting_Into_Drama_School_What_drama_school_should_I_apply_for?_UPDATED!
The Academy of Live & Recorded Arts (ALRA)- http://www.alra.co.uk/ Arts Educational Schools London (Arts Ed)- http://www.artsed.co.uk/ Birmingham School of A...
- published: 17 Nov 2012
- views: 1560
- author: ActingAdvice
The American Academy of Dramatic Arts graduation ceremony 2006
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:07
- Updated: 26 Nov 2011
Kate is a guest at the 2006 graduation ceremony at The American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York , the acting school where she graduated in 1998. I own n...
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Kate is a guest at the 2006 graduation ceremony at The American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York , the acting school where she graduated in 1998. I own n...
- published: 22 Nov 2011
- views: 1396
- author: LGyama2
Lauren Britton American Academy of Art Testimonial
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:40
- Updated: 12 Oct 2012
Lauren Britton discusses the American Academy of Art.
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Lauren Britton discusses the American Academy of Art.
- published: 12 Oct 2012
- views: 259
- author: AmericanAcademyofArt
Final Scene @ American Academy of Dramatic Arts (NYC)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:40
- Updated: 28 Jan 2013
A cut of a scene from "Shivaree" that I performed for my acting final at The American Academy of Dramatic Arts (NYC).
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A cut of a scene from "Shivaree" that I performed for my acting final at The American Academy of Dramatic Arts (NYC).
- published: 16 Jun 2010
- views: 1524
- author: UrchinGurl
photo: US Army / Edward N. Johnson
06 Mar 2013
Under the new agreement North Korea would face some of the toughest sanctions aimed at reining in Pyongyang's nuclear and ballistic missile programmes and preventing their export to other countries ... North Korean propaganda regularly cites decades-old, Cold War-era American threats as the reason for its nuclear efforts and holds that the North remains at risk of an unprovoked nuclear attack ... The changing calculus of war....(size: 7.2Kb)
photo: AP / Aaron Favila
05 Mar 2013
Members of a major Philippine Muslim rebel force who were meant to have disarmed in the 1990s as part of a peace pact are involved in deadly battles in Malaysia, the group’s leader said on Tuesday. Nur Misuari, who founded the Moro National Liberation Front in the late 1960s, confirmed “freedom fighters” from his group were part of the militia sent by a self-proclaimed sultan to claim the Malaysian state of Sabah....(size: 2.6Kb)
photo: AP / Lai Seng Sin
05 Mar 2013
Groups of Filipino militants have occasionally crossed into Sabah to stage kidnappings, including one that involved island resort vacationers in 2000 ... The US embassy in Kuala Lumpur issued an advisory Monday urging American citizens to avoid traveling to much of Sabah's east coast, which includes towns that are embarkation points for nearby diving resort islands, because of the potential for more violence....(size: 4.7Kb)
photo: AP / Howard Yanes
05 Mar 2013
CARACAS, Venezuela — President Hugo Chávez of Venezuela died Tuesday afternoon after a long battle with cancer, the government announced, leaving behind a bitterly divided nation in the grip of a political crisis that grew more acute as he languished for weeks, silent and out of sight in hospitals in Havana and Caracas ... Chávez led a group of nations intent on reducing American influence in the region....(size: 7.2Kb)
photo: US Navy / MCS1 Daniel N. Woods
05 Mar 2013
A rich vein of propaganda fueled by decades-old American threats holds that North Korea remains at risk of an unprovoked nuclear attack, though Washington and others say brinksmanship is the North's true motive ... But in Pyongyang, the propaganda spotlight shines on a long list of perceived wrongs from Washington and, in particular, on high-level American nuclear threats from the 1950s to the 1970s....(size: 9.2Kb)
The Examiner
14 Jan 2012
The American Academy of Dramatic Arts (AADA). The AADA begins it's fourth Series. Shows and Performance Dates are listed at bottome of article ... A degree-granting acting school with locations in each of the two most dynamic centers of theatre and film in the U.S. The American Academy of Dramatic Arts offers the aspiring actor a fertile ground for professional and personal growth....(size: 7.1Kb)
| American Academy of Dramatic Arts | |
|---|---|
| 150px | |
| Established | 1884 |
| Type | Private conservatory |
| Endowment | $4.9 million |
| President | Currently vacant |
| Academic staff | 25 |
| Students | 220 |
| Location | New York City Los Angeles, United States |
| Campus | Urban |
| Affiliations | NAICU, MSA |
| Website | www.aada.org |
The American Academy of Dramatic Arts (AADA) is a fully accredited 2-year conservatory with facilities located in Manhattan, New York City – at 120 Madison Avenue, in a landmark building designed by noted architect Stanford White as the original Colony Club – and in Hollywood, California – at 1336 North La Brea Avenue, in a new building on the site of the former studios of Charlie Chaplin.
The oldest acting school in the English speaking world, the Academy in New York was founded in 1884 to train actors for the stage. In 1974, the Academy opened another campus in Pasadena, California, which made it the only professional actor training school in both major centers of American theatrical activity. The Los Angeles campus moved from Pasadena to Hollywood in 2001.
The Academy remains dedicated to training professional actors. It offers a two-year program in which students have to be invited back for the second year. Auditions are held at the end of the second year for the third year company.[1] As well as training for the theatre, it now offers courses in film and television, as well, providing a structured, professionally oriented program that stresses self-discovery, self-discipline and individuality. Students who graduate in New York receive an Associate of Occupational Studies degree; students who graduate in Hollywood receive a Certificate of Completion or an Associate of Arts degree in Acting. Students from New York and Los Angeles can get a Bachelor of Arts degree from selected universities.
Numerous students of the Academy have gone on to distinguished careers throughout the entertainment industry, receiving nominations for Tonys, Oscars and Emmys.
Notable alumni[link]
References[link]
- Notes
- ^ http://www.aada.org/about/approach.html
- ^ "Christina Fontanelli sings 'Christmas in Italy' program" The Union City Reporter, November 28, 2010, Page 20
External links[link]
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other uses, see Drama (disambiguation).
"Dramas" redirects here. For the indie rock band, see The Dramas.
See also: Theatre
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Major forms
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Novel · Poem · Drama |
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Epic · Lyric · Drama |
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Performance (play) · Book |
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Outline of literature |
| Discussion |
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance.[1] The term comes from a Greek word meaning "action" (Classical Greek: δρᾶμα, drama), which is derived from "to do","to act" (Classical Greek: δράω, draō). The enactment of drama in theatre, performed by actors on a stage before an audience, presupposes collaborative modes of production and a collective form of reception. The structure of dramatic texts, unlike other forms of literature, is directly influenced by this collaborative production and collective reception.[2] The early modern tragedy Hamlet (1601) by Shakespeare and the classical Athenian tragedy Oedipus the King (c. 429 BCE) by Sophocles are among the masterpieces of the art of drama.[3] A modern example is Long Day's Journey into Night by Eugene O’Neill (1956).[4]
The two masks associated with drama represent the traditional generic division between comedy and tragedy. They are symbols of the ancient Greek Muses, Thalia and Melpomene. Thalia was the Muse of comedy (the laughing face), while Melpomene was the Muse of tragedy (the weeping face). Considered as a genre of poetry in general, the dramatic mode has been contrasted with the epic and the lyrical modes ever since Aristotle's Poetics (c. 335 BCE)—the earliest work of dramatic theory.[5]
The use of "drama" in the narrow sense to designate a specific type of play dates from the 19th century. Drama in this sense refers to a play that is neither a comedy nor a tragedy—for example, Zola's Thérèse Raquin (1873) or Chekhov's Ivanov (1887). It is this narrow sense that the film and television industry and film studies adopted to describe "drama" as a genre within their respective media.[6] "Radio drama" has been used in both senses—originally transmitted in a live performance, it has also been used to describe the more high-brow and serious end of the dramatic output of radio.[7]
Drama is often combined with music and dance: the drama in opera is generally sung throughout; musicals generally include both spoken dialogue and songs; and some forms of drama have incidental music or musical accompaniment underscoring the dialogue (melodrama and Japanese Nō, for example).[8] In certain periods of history (the ancient Roman and modern Romantic) some dramas have been written to be read rather than performed.[9] In improvisation, the drama does not pre-exist the moment of performance; performers devise a dramatic script spontaneously before an audience.[10]
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History of Western drama[link]
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Classical Athenian drama[link]
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Western drama originates in classical Greece.[11] The theatrical culture of the city-state of Athens produced three genres of drama: tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Their origins remain obscure, though by the 5th century BCE they were institutionalised in competitions held as part of festivities celebrating the god Dionysus.[12] Historians know the names of many ancient Greek dramatists, not least Thespis, who is credited with the innovation of an actor ("hypokrites") who speaks (rather than sings) and impersonates a character (rather than speaking in his own person), while interacting with the chorus and its leader ("coryphaeus"), who were a traditional part of the performance of non-dramatic poetry (dithyrambic, lyric and epic).[13] Only a small fraction of the work of five dramatists, however, has survived to this day: we have a small number of complete texts by the tragedians Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides, and the comic writers Aristophanes and, from the late 4th century, Menander.[14] Aeschylus' historical tragedy The Persians is the oldest surviving drama, although when it won first prize at the City Dionysia competition in 472 BCE, he had been writing plays for more than 25 years.[15] The competition ("agon") for tragedies may have begun as early as 534 BCE; official records ("didaskaliai") begin from 501 BCE, when the satyr play was introduced.[16] Tragic dramatists were required to present a tetralogy of plays (though the individual works were not necessarily connected by story or theme), which usually consisted of three tragedies and one satyr play (though exceptions were made, as with Euripides' Alcestis in 438 BCE). Comedy was officially recognised with a prize in the competition from 487 to 486 BCE. Five comic dramatists competed at the City Dionysia (though during the Peloponnesian War this may have been reduced to three), each offering a single comedy.[17] Ancient Greek comedy is traditionally divided between "old comedy" (5th century BCE), "middle comedy" (4th century BCE) and "new comedy" (late 4th century to 2nd BCE).[18]
Roman drama[link]
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Following the expansion of the Roman Republic (509–27 BCE) into several Greek territories between 270–240 BCE, Rome encountered Greek drama.[19] From the later years of the republic and by means of the Roman Empire (27 BCE-476 CE), theatre spread west across Europe, around the Mediterranean and reached England; Roman theatre was more varied, extensive and sophisticated than that of any culture before it.[20] While Greek drama continued to be performed throughout the Roman period, the year 240 BCE marks the beginning of regular Roman drama.[21] From the beginning of the empire, however, interest in full-length drama declined in favour of a broader variety of theatrical entertainments.[22] The first important works of Roman literature were the tragedies and comedies that Livius Andronicus wrote from 240 BCE.[23] Five years later, Gnaeus Naevius also began to write drama.[23] No plays from either writer have survived. While both dramatists composed in both genres, Andronicus was most appreciated for his tragedies and Naevius for his comedies; their successors tended to specialise in one or the other, which led to a separation of the subsequent development of each type of drama.[23] By the beginning of the 2nd century BCE, drama was firmly established in Rome and a guild of writers (collegium poetarum) had been formed.[24] The Roman comedies that have survived are all fabula palliata (comedies based on Greek subjects) and come from two dramatists: Titus Maccius Plautus (Plautus) and Publius Terentius Afer (Terence).[25] In re-working the Greek originals, the Roman comic dramatists abolished the role of the chorus in dividing the drama into episodes and introduced musical accompaniment to its dialogue (between one-third of the dialogue in the comedies of Plautus and two-thirds in those of Terence).[26] The action of all scenes is set in the exterior location of a street and its complications often follow from eavesdropping.[26] Plautus, the more popular of the two, wrote between 205 and 184 BCE and twenty of his comedies survive, of which his farces are best known; he was admired for the wit of his dialogue and his use of a variety of poetic meters.[27] All of the six comedies that Terence wrote between 166 and 160 BCE have survived; the complexity of his plots, in which he often combined several Greek originals, was sometimes denounced, but his double-plots enabled a sophisticated presentation of contrasting human behaviour.[27] No early Roman tragedy survives, though it was highly regarded in its day; historians know of three early tragedians—Quintus Ennius, Marcus Pacuvius and Lucius Accius.[26] From the time of the empire, the work of two tragedians survives—one is an unknown author, while the other is the Stoic philosopher Seneca.[28] Nine of Seneca's tragedies survive, all of which are fabula crepidata (tragedies adapted from Greek originals); his Phaedra, for example, was based on Euripides' Hippolytus.[29] Historians do not know who wrote the only extant example of the fabula praetexta (tragedies based on Roman subjects), Octavia, but in former times it was mistakenly attributed to Seneca due to his appearance as a character in the tragedy.[28]
Medieval[link]
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In the Middle Ages, drama in the vernacular languages of Europe may have emerged from religious enactments of the liturgy. Mystery plays were presented on the porch of the cathedrals or by strolling players on feast days. Miracle and mystery plays, along with moralities and interludes, later evolved into more elaborate forms of drama, such as was seen on the Elizabethan stages.
Elizabethan and Jacobean[link]
Main article: English Renaissance theatre
One of the great flowerings of drama in England occurred in the 16th and 17th centuries. Many of these plays were written in verse, particularly iambic pentameter. In addition to Shakespeare, such authors as Christopher Marlowe, Thomas Middleton, and Ben Jonson were prominent playwrights during this period. As in the medieval period, historical plays celebrated the lives of past kings, enhancing the image of the Tudor monarchy. Authors of this period drew some of their storylines from Greek mythology and Roman mythology or from the plays of eminent Roman playwrights such as Plautus and Terence.
Modern and postmodern[link]
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The pivotal and innovative contributions of the 19th-century Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen and the 20th-century German theatre practitioner Bertolt Brecht dominate modern drama; each inspired a tradition of imitators, which include many of the greatest playwrights of the modern era.[30] The works of both playwrights are, in their different ways, both modernist and realist, incorporating formal experimentation, meta-theatricality, and social critique.[31] In terms of the traditional theoretical discourse of genre, Ibsen's work has been described as the culmination of "liberal tragedy", while Brecht's has been aligned with an historicised comedy.[32]
Other important playwrights of the modern era include Antonin Artaud, August Strindberg, Anton Chekhov, Frank Wedekind, Maurice Maeterlinck, Federico García Lorca, Eugene O'Neill, Luigi Pirandello, George Bernard Shaw, Ernst Toller, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Arthur Miller, Tennessee Williams, Jean Genet, Eugène Ionesco, Samuel Beckett, Harold Pinter, Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Dario Fo, Heiner Müller, and Caryl Churchill.
Asian drama[link]
India[link]
Main article: Theatre in India
The earliest form of Indian drama was the Sanskrit drama.[33] It began after the development of Greek and Roman drama and before the development of theatre in other parts of Asia.[33] It emerged sometime between the 2nd century BCE and the 1st century CE and flourished between the 1st century CE and the 10th, which was a period of relative peace in the history of India during which hundreds of plays were written.[34] With the Islamic conquests that began in the 10th and 11th centuries, theatre was discouraged or forbidden entirely.[35] Later, in an attempt to re-assert indigenous values and ideas, village theatre was encouraged across the subcontinent, developing in a large number of regional languages from the 15th to the 19th centuries.[36] Modern Indian theatre developed during the period of colonial rule under the British Empire, from the mid-19th century until the mid-20th.[37]
Sanskrit theatre[link]
Main article: Sanskrit drama
The earliest-surviving fragments of Sanskrit drama date from the 1st century CE.[38] The wealth of archeological evidence from earlier periods offers no indication of the existence of a tradition of theatre.[39] The ancient Vedas (hymns from between 1500 to 1000 BCE that are among the earliest examples of literature in the world) contain no hint of it (although a small number are composed in a form of dialogue) and the rituals of the Vedic period do not appear to have developed into theatre.[39] The Mahābhāṣya by Patañjali contains the earliest reference to what may have been the seeds of Sanskrit drama.[40] This treatise on grammar from 140 BCE provides a feasible date for the beginnings of theatre in India.[40]
The major source of evidence for Sanskrit theatre is A Treatise on Theatre (Nātyaśāstra), a compendium whose date of composition is uncertain (estimates range from 200 BCE to 200 CE) and whose authorship is attributed to Bharata Muni. The Treatise is the most complete work of dramaturgy in the ancient world. It addresses acting, dance, music, dramatic construction, architecture, costuming, make-up, props, the organisation of companies, the audience, competitions, and offers a mythological account of the origin of theatre.[40]
Its drama is regarded as the highest achievement of Sanskrit literature.[41] It utilised stock characters, such as the hero (nayaka), heroine (nayika), or clown (vidusaka). Actors may have specialised in a particular type. It was patronized by the kings as well as village assemblies. Famous early playwrights include Bhasa, Kalidasa (famous for Vikrama and Urvashi, Malavika and Agnimitra, and The Recognition of Shakuntala), Śudraka (famous for The Little Clay Cart), Asvaghosa, Daṇḍin, and Emperor Harsha (famous for Nagananda, Ratnavali and Priyadarsika). Śakuntalā (in English translation) influenced Goethe's Faust (1808–1832).[41]
Modern Indian drama[link]
Rabindranath Tagore, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913, is probably India's best-known modern playwright.[42] His plays are written in Bengali and include Chitra (Chitrangada, 1892), The King of the Dark Chamber (Raja, 1910), The Post Office (Dakghar, 1913), and Red Oleander (Raktakarabi, 1924).[42]
Modern Urdu drama of India and Pakistan[link]
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Urdu Drama evolved from the prevailing dramatic traditions of North India shaping Rahas or Raas as practiced by exponents like Nawab Wajid Ali Shah of Awadh. His dramatic experiments led to the famous Inder Sabha of Amanat and later this tradition took the shape of Parsi Theatre. Agha Hashr Kashmiri is the culmination of this tradition.
In some way or other, Urdu theatre tradition has greatly influenced modern Indian theatre. Among all the languages Urdu (which was called Hindi by early writers), along with Gujrati, Marathi and Bengali theatres have kept flourishing and demand for its writers and artists has not subsided by the drama aficionados. For Urdu drama, no place is better than Bombay Film industry otherwise known as Hindi film industry. All the early gems of Urdu Theatre (performed by Parsi Companies) were made into films. Urdu Dramatic tradition has been a spectator’s delight since 100 years and counting.
Drama as a theme is made up of several elements. It focuses on life and different aspects of it. The thing to be noticed here is that drama on stage imitates drama in life. It has been said that, there has always been a mutual relationship between theatre and real life. Great historical personalities like Shakespeare have influenced Modern Urdu tradition to a large extent when Indian, Iranian, Turkish stories and folk was adapted for stage with heavy doses of Urdu poetry. In modern times writers like Imtiaz Ali Taj, Rafi Peer, Krishan Chander, Manto, Upender Nath Ashk, Ghulam Rabbani, Prof. Mujeeb and many others shaped this tradition.
While Prof Hasan, Ghulam Jeelani, J.N,Kaushal, Shameem Hanfi, Jameel Shaidayi, etc. belong to the old generation, contemporary writers like Danish Iqbal, Sayeed Alam, Shahid Anwar, Iqbal Niyazi, and Anwar are a few postmodern playwrights actively contributing in the field of Urdu Drama.
Sayeed Alam is known for his wit and humour and more particularly for Plays like 'Ghalib in New Delhi' 'Big B'and many other gems which are regularly staged for massive turn out of theatre lovers. Maulana Azad is his magnum opus both for its content and style.
Danish Iqbal's play about 'Dara Shikoh' directed by M. S. Sathyu is considered a modern classic for the use of newer theatre techniques and contemporary perspective. His other plays are 'Sahir' on the famous lyricist and revolutionary poet. 'Kuchh Ishq kiya Kuchh Kaam' is another play written by Danish which is basically a Celebration of the Faiz's poetry, featuring events from the early part of his life, particularly the events and incidents of pre-partition days which shaped his life and ideals. 'Chand Roz Aur Meri Jaan' - another play inspired from Faiz's letters written from various jails during the Rawalpindi Conspiracy days. He has written 14 other plays including 'Dilli Jo Ek Shehr Thaa' and 'Main Gaya Waqt Nahin hoon'. Shahid's 'Three B' is also a significant play. He has been associated with many groups like 'Natwa' and others. Zaheer Anwar has kept the flag of Urdu theatre flying in Kolkata. Unlike the writers of previous generation Sayeed, Shahid, Danish Iqbal and Zaheer do not write bookish plays but their work is a product of vigorous performing tradition. Iqbal Niyazi of Mumbai has written several plays in Urdu, his play "AUR KITNE JALYANWALA BAUGH?" won a National award other awards. Hence this is the only generation after Amanat and Agha Hashr who actually write for stage and not for libraries.
China[link]
Main article: Chinese opera
Chinese theatre has a long and complex history. Today it is often called Chinese opera although this normally refers specifically to the popular form known as Beijing Opera and Kunqu; there have been many other forms of theatre in China.
Japan[link]
Japanese Nō drama is a serious dramatic form that combines drama, music, and dance into a complete aesthetic performance experience. It developed in the 14th and 15th centuries and has its own musical instruments and performance techniques, which were often handed down from father to son. The performers were generally male (for both male and female roles), although female amateurs also perform Nō dramas. Nō drama was supported by the government, and particularly the military, with many military commanders having their own troupes and sometimes performing themselves. It is still performed in Japan today.[43]
Kyōgen is the comic counterpart to Nō drama. It concentrates more on dialogue and less on music, although Nō instrumentalists sometimes appear also in Kyōgen. Kabuki drama, developed from the 17th century, is another comic form, which includes dance.
Forms of drama[link]
Opera[link]
Western opera is a dramatic art form, which arose during the Renaissance in an attempt to revive the classical Greek drama tradition in which both music and theatre were combined. Being strongly intertwined with western classical music, the opera has undergone enormous changes in the past four centuries and it is an important form of theatre until this day. Noteworthy is the huge influence of the German 19th century composer Richard Wagner on the opera tradition. In his view, there was no proper balance between music and theatre in the operas of his time, because the music seemed to be more important than the dramatic aspects in these works. To restore the connection with the traditional Greek drama, he entirely renewed the operatic format, and to emphasize the equal importance of music and drama in these new works, he called them "music dramas".
Chinese opera has seen a more conservative development over a somewhat longer period of time.
Pantomime[link]
Main article: Pantomime
These stories follow in the tradition of fables and folk tales. Usually there is a lesson learned, and with some help from the audience, the hero/heroine saves the day. This kind of play uses stock characters seen in masque and again commedia dell'arte, these characters include the villain (doctore), the clown/servant (Arlechino/Harlequin/buttons), the lovers etc. These plays usually have an emphasis on moral dilemmas, and good always triumphs over evil, this kind of play is also very entertaining making it a very effective way of reaching many people.
Creative drama[link]
Creative drama includes dramatic activities and games used primarily in educational settings with children. Its roots in the United States began in the early 1900s. Winifred Ward is considered to be the founder of creative drama in education, establishing the first academic use of drama in Evanston, Illinois[citation needed].
Legal status[link]
UK[link]
The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 does not define a dramatic work except to state that it includes a work of dance or mime. However, it is clear that dramatic work includes the scenario or script for films, plays (written for theatre, cinema, television or radio).[44] and choreographic works.[45]
See also[link]
- Applied Drama
- Augustan drama
- Christian drama
- Closet drama
- Costume drama
- Crime drama
- Domestic drama
- Dramatic structure
- Dramatic theory
- Flash drama
- Folk play
- Heroic drama
- History of theatre
- Legal drama
- Medical drama
- Melodrama
- Monodrama
- Mystery play
- One act play
- Play
- Political drama
- Radio drama
- Soap opera
- Theatre awards
- Two-hander
- Verse drama and dramatic verse
- Well-made play
- Yakshagana—An Indian musical drama
Notes[link]
- ^ Elam (1980, 98).
- ^ Pfister (1977, 11).
- ^ Fergusson (1949, 2–3).
- ^ Burt, Daniel S. The Drama 100: A Ranking of the Greatest Plays of All Time (2008) Facts on File ISBN 978-0-8160-6073-3
- ^ Francis Fergusson writes that "a drama, as distinguished from a lyric, is not primarily a composition in the verbal medium; the words result, as one might put it, from the underlying structure of incident and character. As Aristotle remarks, 'the poet, or "maker" should be the maker of plots rather than of verses; since he is a poet because he imiates, and what he imitates are actions'" (1949, 8).
- ^ See also Wikipedia's List of drama films.
- ^ Banham (1998, 894–900).
- ^ See the entries for "opera", "musical theatre, American", "melodrama" and "Nō" in Banham (1998).
- ^ While there is some dispute among theatre historians, it is probable that the plays by the Roman Seneca were not intended to be performed. Manfred by Byron is a good example of a "dramatic poem." See the entries on "Seneca" and "Byron (George George)" in Banham (1998).
- ^ Some forms of improvisation, notably the Commedia dell'arte, improvise on the basis of 'lazzi' or rough outlines of scenic action (see Gordon (1983) and Duchartre (1929)). All forms of improvisation take their cue from their immediate response to one another, their characters' situations (which are sometimes established in advance), and, often, their interaction with the audience. The classic formulations of improvisation in the theatre originated with Joan Littlewood and Keith Johnstone in the UK and Viola Spolin in the USA; see Johnstone (1981) and Spolin (1963).
- ^ Brown (1998, 441), Cartledge (1997, 3–5), Goldhill (1997, 54), and Ley (2007, 206). Taxidou notes that "most scholars now call 'Greek' tragedy 'Athenian' tragedy, which is historically correct" (2004, 104). Brown writes that ancient Greek drama "was essentially the creation of classical Athens: all the dramatists who were later regarded as classics were active at Athens in the 5th and 4th centuries BCE (the time of the Athenian democracy), and all the surviving plays date from this period" (1998, 441). "The dominant culture of Athens in the fifth century", Goldhill writes, "can be said to have invented theatre" (1997, 54).
- ^ Brockett and Hildy (2003, 13–15) and Banham (1998, 441–447).
- ^ Banham (1998, 441–444). For more information on these ancient Greek dramatists, see the articles categorised under "Ancient Greek dramatists and playwrights" in Wikipedia.
- ^ The theory that Prometheus Bound was not written by Aeschylus would bring this number to six dramatists whose work survives.
- ^ Banham (1998, 8) and Brockett and Hildy (2003, 15–16).
- ^ Brockett and Hildy (2003, 13, 15) and Banham (1998, 442).
- ^ Brockett and Hildy (2003, 18) and Banham (1998, 444–445).
- ^ Banham (1998, 444–445).
- ^ Brockett and Hildy (2003, 43).
- ^ Brockett and Hildy (2003, 36, 47).
- ^ Brockett and Hildy (2003, 43). For more information on the ancient Roman dramatists, see the articles categorised under "Ancient Roman dramatists and playwrights" in Wikipedia.
- ^ Brockett and Hildy (2003, 46–47).
- ^ a b c Brockett and Hildy (2003, 47).
- ^ Brockett and Hildy (2003, 47–48).
- ^ Brockett and Hildy (2003, 48–49).
- ^ a b c Brockett and Hildy (2003, 49).
- ^ a b Brockett and Hildy (2003, 48).
- ^ a b Brockett and Hildy (2003, 50).
- ^ Brockett and Hildy (2003, 49–50).
- ^ Williams (1993, 25–26) and Moi (2006, 17). Moi writes that "Ibsen is the most important playwright writing after Shakespeare. He is the founder of modern theater. His plays are world classics, staged on every continent, and studied in classrooms everywhere. In any given year, there are hundreds of Ibsen productions in the world." Ibsenites include George Bernard Shaw and Arthur Miller; Brechtians include Dario Fo, Joan Littlewood, W. H. Auden Peter Weiss, Heiner Müller, Peter Hacks, Tony Kushner, Caryl Churchill, John Arden, Howard Brenton, Edward Bond, and David Hare.
- ^ Moi (2006, 1, 23–26). Taxidou writes: "It is probably historically more accurate, although methodologically less satisfactory, to read the Naturalist movement in the theatre in conjunction with the more anti-illusionist aesthetics of the theatres of the same period. These interlock and overlap in all sorts of complicated ways, even when they are vehemently denouncing each other (perhaps particularly when) in the favoured mode of the time, the manifesto" (2007, 58).
- ^ Williams (1966) and Wright (1989).
- ^ a b Richmond, Swann, and Zarrilli (1993, 12).
- ^ Brandon (1997, 70) and Richmond (1998, 516).
- ^ Brandon (1997, 72) and Richmond (1998, 516).
- ^ Brandon (1997, 72), Richmond (1998, 516), and Richmond, Swann, and Zarrilli (1993, 12).
- ^ Richmond (1998, 516) and Richmond, Swann, and Zarrilli (1993, 13).
- ^ Brandon (1981, xvii) and Richmond (1998, 516–517).
- ^ a b Richmond (1998, 516).
- ^ a b c Richmond (1998, 517).
- ^ a b Brandon (1981, xvii).
- ^ a b Banham (1998, 1051).
- ^ Website reference[dead link]
- ^ Green v. Broadcasting Corporation of New Zealand [1989]
- ^ The fixation of such a work can be in writing "or otherwise" and may accordingly be, for instance, on film. Where a dramatic work is recorded on a film, the film must contain the whole of the dramatic work in an unmodified state: Norowzian v. Arks [2000] (dance recorded on film, which was then edited, could not be protected because the film had been drastically edited and was not therefore a recording of the dance).
Sources[link]
- Banham, Martin, ed. 1998. The Cambridge Guide to Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-43437-8.
- Baumer, Rachel Van M., and James R. Brandon, eds. 1981. Sanskrit Theatre in Performance. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1993. ISBN 978-81-208-0772-3.
- Brandon, James R. 1981. Introduction. In Baumer and Brandon (1981, xvii–xx).
- ---, ed. 1997. The Cambridge Guide to Asian Theatre.' 2nd, rev. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. ISBN 978-0-521-58822-5.
- Brockett, Oscar G. and Franklin J. Hildy. 2003. History of the Theatre. Ninth edition, International edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. ISBN 0-205-41050-2.
- Brown, Andrew. 1998. "Ancient Greece." In The Cambridge Guide to Theatre. Ed. Martin Banham. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. 441–447. ISBN 0-521-43437-8.
- Carlson, Marvin. 1993. Theories of the Theatre: A Historical and Critical Survey from the Greeks to the Present. Expanded ed. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-8154-3.
- Cartledge, Paul. 1997. "'Deep Plays': Theatre as Process in Greek Civic Life." In Easterling (1997c, 3–35).
- Duchartre, Pierre Louis. 1929. The Italian Comedy. Unabridged republication. New York: Dover, 1966. ISBN 0-486-21679-9.
- Dukore, Bernard F., ed. 1974. Dramatic Theory and Criticism: Greeks to . Florence, Kentucky: Heinle & Heinle. ISBN 0-03-091152-4.
- Durant, Will & Ariel Durant. 1963 The Story of Civilization, Volume II: The Life of Greece. 11 vols. New York: Simon & Schuster.
- Easterling, P. E. 1997a. "A Show for Dionysus." In Easterling (1997c, 36–53).
- —. 1997b. "Form and Performance." In Easterling (1997c, 151–177).
- —, ed. 1997c. The Cambridge Companion to Greek Tragedy. Cambridge Companions to Literature ser. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. ISBN 0-521-42351-1.
- Elam, Keir. 1980. The Semiotics of Theatre and Drama. New Accents Ser. London and New York: Methuen. ISBN 0-416-72060-9.
- Fergusson, Francis. 1949. The Idea of a Theater: A Study of Ten Plays, The Art of Drama in a Changing Perspective. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton UP, 1968. ISBN 0-691-01288-1.
- Goldhill, Simon. 1997. "The Audience of Athenian Tragedy." In Easterling (1997c, 54–68).
- Gordon, Mel. 1983. Lazzi: The Comic Routines of the Commedia dell'Arte. New York: Performing Arts Journal Publications. ISBN 0-933826-69-9.
- Harsh, Philip Whaley. 1944. A Handbook of Classical Drama. Stanford: Stanford UP; Oxford: Oxford UP.
- Johnstone, Keith. 1981. Impro: Improvisation and the Theatre Rev. ed. London: Methuen, 2007. ISBN 0-7136-8701-0.
- Ley, Graham. 2006. A Short Introduction to the Ancient Greek Theater. Rev. ed. Chicago and London: U of Chicago P. ISBN 0-226-47761-4.
- ---. 2007. The Theatricality of Greek Tragedy: Playing Space and Chorus. Chicago and London: U of Chicago P. ISBN 0-226-47757-6.
- Pfister, Manfred. 1977. The Theory and Analysis of Drama. Trans. John Halliday. European Studies in English Literature Ser. Cambridige: Cambridge University Press, 1988. ISBN 0-521-42383-X.
- Rehm, Rush. 1992. Greek Tragic Theatre. Theatre Production Studies ser. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-11894-8.
- Richmond, Farley. 1998. "India." In Banham (1998, 516–525).
- Richmond, Farley P., Darius L. Swann, and Phillip B. Zarrilli, eds. 1993. Indian Theatre: Traditions of Performance. U of Hawaii P. ISBN 978-0-8248-1322-2.
- Spolin, Viola. 1967. Improvisation for the Theater. Third rev. ed Evanston, Il.: Northwestern University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-8101-4008-X.
- Taxidou, Olga. 2004. Tragedy, Modernity and Mourning. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP. ISBN 0-7486-1987-9.
- Weimann, Robert. 1978. Shakespeare and the Popular Tradition in the Theater: Studies in the Social Dimension of Dramatic Form and Function. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-3506-2.
- Weimann, Robert. 2000. Author's Pen and Actor's Voice: Playing and Writing in Shakespeare's Theatre. Ed. Helen Higbee and William West. Cambridge Studies in Renaissance Literature and Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-78735-1.
External links[link]
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Coordinates: 42°22′51″N 71°06′37″W / 42.380755°N 71.110256°W / 42.380755; -71.110256
| American Academy of Arts and Sciences | |
|---|---|
| 250px American Academy of Arts and Sciences logo |
|
| Motto | To cultivate every art and science which may tend to advance the interest, honour, dignity, and happiness of a free, independent, and virtuous people. |
| Formation | 1780 |
| Type | Honorary society and center for independent policy research |
| Purpose/focus | Honoring excellence and providing service to the nation and the world |
| Headquarters | Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA |
| Membership | 4,000 fellows and 600 foreign honorary members |
| President | Leslie Berlowitz |
| Website | http://www.amacad.org |
The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (American Academy) is one of the oldest and most prestigious honorary societies and a leading center for independent policy research in the United States. Election to the Academy is considered one of the nation’s highest honors since its founding during the American Revolution by John Adams, John Hancock, James Bowdoin and other scholar-patriots who contributed prominently to the establishment of the new nation, its government, and its Constitution.[1]
Today the Academy is with a dual function: to elect to membership finest minds and most influential leaders, drawn from science, scholarship, business, public affairs, and the arts, from each generation, and to conduct policy studies in response to the needs of society. Major Academy projects now have focused on higher education and research, humanities and cultural studies, scientific and technological advances, politics, population and the environment, and the welfare of children. Dædalus, the Academy’s quarterly journal, is widely regarded as one of the world's leading intellectual journals.[2]
The Academy is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Contents |
Overview[link]
The Academy was established by Massachusetts legislature on 4 May 1780. Its purpose, as described in its Charter of Incorporation, is "to cultivate every art and science which may tend to advance the interest, honor, dignity, and happiness of a free, independent, and virtuous people."[3] The sixty-two incorporating fellows represented varying interests and high standing in the political, professional, and commercial sectors of the state. The first class of new members, chosen by the Academy in 1781, included Benjamin Franklin and George Washington as well as several foreign honorary members. The initial volume of Academy Memoirs appeared in 1785, and the Proceedings followed in 1846. In the 1950s the Academy launched its journal Daedalus, reflecting its commitment to a broader intellectual and socially-oriented program.[4]
The Academy has sponsored a number of awards throughout its history. Its first award, established in 1796 by Benjamin Thompson (Count Rumford), honored distinguished work on "heat and light" and provided support for research activities. Additional prizes recognized important contributions in the sciences, social sciences, and humanities. In 2000, a scholar-patriot award was inaugurated to honor individuals who have made significant contributions to the work of the Academy and whose lives exemplify the founders' vision of service to society.
Since the second half of the twentieth century, policy research has become a central focus of the Academy. In the late 1950s, arms control emerged as a signature concern of the Academy. The Academy also served as the catalyst in establishing the National Humanities Center in North Carolina. In the late 1990s, the Academy developed a new strategic plan, focusing on four major areas: science, technology, and global security; social policy and education; humanities and culture; and education. In 2002, the Academy established a visiting scholars program in association with Harvard University. Now a group of 54 academic institutions from across the country have become university affiliates of the Academy to support this program.[5]
Membership[link]
Founding members[link]
Charter members of the Academy are Samuel Adams, John Adams, John Bacon, James Bowdoin, Charles Chauncy, John Clark[disambiguation needed 
], David Cobb, Samuel Cooper, Thomas Cushing, Nathan Cushing, William Cushing, Tristram Dalton, Francis Dana, Samuel Deane, Perez Fobes, Caleb Gannett, Henry Gardner, Benjamin Guild, John Hancock, Joseph Hawley[disambiguation needed ], Edward Augustus Holyoke, Ebenezer Hunt, Jonathan Jackson[disambiguation needed ], Charles Jarvis[disambiguation needed ], Samuel Langdon, Levi Lincoln[disambiguation needed ], Daniel Little, Elijah Lothrup, John Lowell, Samuel Mather, Samuel Moody, Andrew Oliver, Joseph Orne, Theodore Parsons, George Partridge, Robert Treat Paine, Phillips Payson, Samuel Phillips[disambiguation needed ], Jr., John Pickering, Oliver Prescott, Zedekiah Sanger, Nathaniel Peaslee Sargeant, Micajah Sawyer, Theodore Sedgwick, William Sever, Stephen Sewall, David Sewall, John Sprague, Ebenezer Storer, Caleb Strong, James Sullivan[disambiguation needed ], John Bernard Sweat, Nathaniel Tracy, Cotton Tufts, James Warren[disambiguation needed ], Samuel West, Edward Wigglesworth, Joseph Willard, Samuel Williams, Abraham Williams, Nehemiah Williams, and James Winthrop.
Members[link]
From the beginning, the membership, nominated and elected by peers, has included not only scientists and scholars but also writers and artists as well as representatives from the full range of professions and public life. Throughout the Academy’s history, 10,000 fellows have been elected, including such notables as John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, John James Audubon, Joseph Henry, Washington Irving, Josiah Willard Gibbs, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Willa Cather, T. S. Eliot, Edward R. Murrow, Jonas Salk, Eudora Welty, and Duke Ellington. Foreign honorary members have included Leonhard Euler, Marquis de Lafayette, Alexander von Humboldt, Leopold von Ranke, Charles Darwin, Jawaharlal Nehru, Werner Heisenberg, and Alec Guinness. Astronomer Maria Mitchell was the first woman to be elected to the Academy, in 1848. The current membership encompasses over 4,000 fellows and foreign honorary members on the roster, including more than 250 Nobel laureates and more than 60 Pulitzer Prize winners.[6]
Classes and sections[link]
The current membership is divided into five classes and twenty-four sections.[7]
Class I – Mathematical and Physical Sciences
- Section 1. Mathematics
- Section 2. Physics
- Section 3. Chemistry
- Section 4. Astronomy (including Astrophysics) and Earth Science
- Section 5. Engineering Sciences and Technologies
- Section 6. Computer Sciences (including Artificial Intelligence and Information Technologies)
Class II – Biological Sciences
- Section 1. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Section 2. Cellular and Developmental Biology, Microbiology and Immunology (including Genetics)
- Section 3. Neurosciences, Cognitive Sciences, and Behavioral Biology
- Section 4. Evolutionary and Population Biology and Ecology
- Section 5. Medical Sciences (including Physiology and Pharmacology), Clinical Medicine, and Public Health
Class III – Social Sciences
- Section 1. Social and Developmental Psychology and Education
- Section 2. Economics
- Section 3. Political Science, International Relations, and Public Policy
- Section 4. Law (including the Practice of Law)
- Section 5. Archaeology, Anthropology, Sociology, Geography and Demography
Class IV – Arts and Humanities
- Section 1. Philosophy and Religious Studies
- Section 2. History
- Section 3. Literary Criticism (including Philology)
- Section 4. Literature (Fiction, Poetry, Short Stories, Nonfiction, Playwriting, Screenwriting)
- Section 5. Visual Arts and Performing Arts
Class V – Public affairs, business, and administration
- Section 1. Public Affairs, Journalism, and Communications
- Section 2. Business, Corporate and Philanthropic Leadership
- Section 3. Educational, Scientific, Cultural and Philanthropic Administration
Presidents, 1791-present[link]
- 1791–1814 John Adams
- 1814–1820 Edward Augustus Holyoke
- 1820–1829 John Quincy Adams
- 1829–1838 Nathaniel Bowditch
- 1838–1839 James Jackson[disambiguation needed ]
- 1839–1846 John Pickering[disambiguation needed ]
- 1846–1863 Jacob Bigelow
- 1863–1873 Asa Gray
- 1873–1880 Charles Francis Adams
- 1880–1892 Joseph Lovering
- 1892–1894 Josiah Parsons Cooke
- 1894–1903 Alexander Agassiz
- 1903–1908 William Watson Goodwin
- 1908–1915 John Trowbridge
- 1915–1917 Henry Pickering Walcott
- 1917–1919 Charles Pickering Bowditch
- 1919–1921 Theodore William Richards
- 1921–1924 George Foot Moore
- 1924–1927 Theodore Lyman
- 1927–1931 Edwin Bidwell Wilson
- 1931–1933 Jeremiah D. M. Ford
- 1933–1935 George Howard Parker
- 1935–1937 Roscoe Pound
- 1937–1939 Dugald C. Jackson
- 1939–1944 Harlow Shapley
- 1944–1951 Howard Mumford Jones
- 1951–1954 Edwin Herbert Land
- 1954–1957 John Ely Burchard
- 1957–1961 Kirtley Fletcher Mather
- 1961–1964 Hudson Hoagland
- 1964–1967 Paul A. Freund
- 1967–1971 Talcott Parsons
- 1971–1976 Harvey Brooks
- 1976–1979 Victor Frederick Weisskopf
- 1979–1982 Milton Katz
- 1982–1986 Herman Feshbach
- 1986–1989 Edward Hirsch Levi
- 1989–1994 Leo Leroy Beranek
- 1994–1997 Jaroslav Pelikan
- 1997–2000 Daniel C. Tosteson
- 2000–2001 James O. Freedman
- 2001–2006 Patricia Meyer Spacks
- 2006–2009 Emilio Bizzi
- 2010–present Leslie C. Berlowitz
Activities[link]
The Academy carries out nonpartisan policy research by bringing together scientists, scholars, artists, policymakers, business leaders, and other experts to make multidisciplinary analyses of complex social, political, and intellectual topics. The Committee on Studies is responsible for reviewing and approving all studies undertaken in the name of the Academy and helping to identify proposed studies that will make optimum use of Academy expertise and resources. The Committee on Studies works closely with the Committee on Publications to ensure that Academy project reports and publications enhance the stature of the institution and the visibility of its intellectual contributions to the scholarly and policy communities and to the public at large.
Projects[link]
The Academy's four major program areas are:
- Science, Technology, and Global Security: Explore how the international community can devise new cooperative structures to improve global security, analyzes the impact of rapid developments in science and technology, and develops policies to govern these transformations.
- Social Policy and American Institutions: Carry out studies that focus on American institutions at the crossroads, particularly the government and the corporation.
- Humanities and Culture: Enhance public understanding of the value and role of the humanities in American life and create new resources to inform coherent policy analyses relative to the humanities.
- Education: Deal with education at all levels—from primary and secondary education to teaching and research at the university level.
Research fellowship programs[link]
Visiting Scholars Program: An interdisciplinary research fellowship housed at the headquarter of the Academy in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with a purpose is to stimulate and support scholarly work by promising scholars and practitioners in the early stages of their careers and to foster exchange between an emerging generation of scholars and Academy members with shared interests.
Hellman Fellowship in Science and Technology Policy: A research fellowship for early-career professional with training in science or engineering who is interested in transitioning to a career in public policy and administration. While in residence at the headquarter of the Academy, the Hellman Fellow will work with senior scientists and policy experts on critical national and international policy issues related to science, engineering, and technology.
Awards[link]
- Scholar-Patriot Award
This award, founded in 2000, recognizes the extraordinary contributions of individuals who share the commitment of the Academy's founders, a group of patriots who devoted their lives to promoting the arts and sciences in service to the nation.
- Founders Award
Established in the 225th anniversary year of the Academy, this award honors men, women and institutions that have advanced the ideals of the founders of the Academy. Recipients embody the spirit of the founders - a commitment to intellectual inquiry, leadership and active engagement.
- Amory Prize
Given since 1940, this prize recognizes major contributions to reproductive biology. It is supported by an endowment fund established by Mr. Francis Amory.
- Emerson-Thoreau Medal
The Emerson-Thoreau Medal was established in 1958 to give special recognition to distinguished achievement in the broad field of literature. Given at the discretion of the Council of the Academy on the recommendation of a nominating committee, the prize is awarded to a person for his or her total literary achievement rather than for a specific work.
- Award for Humanistic Studies
The American Academy Award for Humanistic Studies was established in 1975 by the Council of the Academy in an attempt to ensure that superior humanistic scholarship, despite its lower visibility to the general reading public, receives appropriate recognition. The Humanities Award complements the Emerson-Thoreau Medal for achievement in literature. Both awards are administered by a single committee of seven members of the Academy.
- Rumford Prize
Established in 1839, this is one of the oldest scientific prizes in the United States. This prize recognizes contributions to the fields of heat and light, broadly interpreted. The award now consists of a silver-and-gold medal. The endowment was created by a bequest to the Academy from Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford, in 1796.
- Talcott Parsons Prize
First awarded in 1974, this prize was established to honor the noted sociologist and former president of the Academy and is awarded for contributions to the social sciences (broadly defined). An effort is made to rotate the prize among the various social science disciplines, including law, history, and linguistics.
- Poetry Prize in Honor of May Sarton
Presented for the first time in 2008, this prize recognizes emerging poets of exceptional promise and distinguished achievement. It was established to honor the memory of longtime Academy Fellow May Sarton, a poet, novelist, and teacher who during her career encouraged the work of young poets.
National Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences[link]
In 2011, a bipartisan group of Members of the United States Senate and House of Representatives called on the Academy to organize a national committee, prepare a report, and recommend concrete, actionable steps to ensure the nation’s excellence in the humanities and the social sciences.
At the request of the Congress, the Academy has created the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences to claim a space in the national dialogue for the humanities and the social sciences and to recommend specific steps that government, schools and universities, cultural institutions, businesses, and philanthropies can take to support and strengthen these areas of knowledge.[8]
See also[link]
- American Philosophical Society
- Institute of Medicine
- National Academy of Engineering
- National Academy of Sciences
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: American Academy of Arts and Sciences |
References[link]
- ^ "Yale Faculty Named to American Academy of Arts and Sciences". Yale University. 2004-05-04. http://news.yale.edu/2004/05/04/yale-faculty-named-american-academy-arts-and-sciences.
- ^ "About the Academy". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. http://www.amacad.org/about.aspx.
- ^ "Charter of Incorporation". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. http://www.amacad.org/about/charter.aspx.
- ^ [http://www.answers.com/topic/american-academy-of-arts-and-sciences "Gale Encyclopedia of US History: American Academy of Arts and Sciences"]. http://www.answers.com/topic/american-academy-of-arts-and-sciences.
- ^ "Visiting Scholars Program". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. http://www.amacad.org/visiting.aspx.
- ^ "Hillary Rodham Clinton, Tyler Jacks, Andre Previn, and Melinda F. Gates Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 2012-04-17. http://www.amacad.org/news/pressReleaseContent.aspx?i=167.
- ^ "NEWLY ELECTED MEMBERS, APRIL 2012". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 2012-04-17. http://www.amacad.org/news/classlist2012.pdf.
- ^ "American Academy Commission on Humanities and Social Sciences". http://www.humanitiescommission.org/.
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| Spencer Tracy | |
|---|---|
 Promotional image for State of the Union (1948) |
|
| Born | Spencer Bonaventure Tracy (1900-04-05)April 5, 1900 Milwaukee, Wisconsin |
| Died | June 10, 1967(1967-06-10) (aged 67) Los Angeles |
| Resting place | Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1922–1967 |
| Spouse | Louise Tracy (m.1923–1967; his death) |
| Partner | Katharine Hepburn (1941–1967; his death) |
| Signature |  |
Spencer Bonaventure Tracy (April 5, 1900 – June 10, 1967) was an American actor. Respected for his natural style and versatility, Tracy was one of the major stars of Hollywood's Golden Age. In a screen career that spanned 37 years, he was nominated for nine Academy Awards for Best Actor—a record he holds with Laurence Olivier—of which he won two.
Tracy discovered his talent for acting while a student at Ripon College, and subsequently gained a scholarship for the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. He spent seven years in the theatre, working in a succession of stock companies and intermittently on Broadway. Tracy's breakthrough came in 1930, when his lead performance in The Last Mile caught the attention of Hollywood. After a successful film debut in Up the River, Tracy was signed to a contract with Fox Film Corporation. His five years with Fox were unremarkable, and he remained largely unknown to audiences after 25 films. In 1935, Tracy joined Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Hollywood's most prestigious studio. His career flourished with a series of hit films, and in 1937 and 1938 he won consecutive Oscars for Captains Courageous and Boys Town. By the 1940s, Tracy was one of the studio's top stars. In 1942 he appeared with Katharine Hepburn in Woman of the Year, beginning a popular partnership that produced nine movies over 25 years.
Tracy left MGM in 1955 and continued to work regularly as a freelance star, despite an increasing weariness as he aged. His personal life was troubled, with a lifelong-struggle against alcoholism and a pervading guilt over his son's deafness. Tracy became estranged from his wife in the 1930s but never divorced, meaning a long-term relationship with Katharine Hepburn became a clandestine affair. As his health worsened, Tracy worked almost exclusively for director Stanley Kramer in the 1960s. It was for Kramer that he made his last film, Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967), completed 17 days before Tracy's death. Tracy appeared in 75 films throughout his career, during which time he developed a reputation among his peers as one of the screen's greatest actors. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Tracy among the top ten Hollywood legends.[1]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Spencer Bonaventure Tracy was born on April 5, 1900 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was the second son of Caroline (née Brown) and John Edward Tracy, a truck salesman. His mother was a Presbyterian from a wealthy Midwestern family and his father was of Irish Catholic background.[2] He had one brother, Carroll, four years his senior. The young Spencer was a difficult and hyper child [3] with poor school attendance.[4] Raised as a Catholic, at nine years old he was placed in the hands of Dominican nuns in the hope of transforming his behavior.[5] Later in life he remarked, "I never would have gone back to school if there had been any other way of learning to read the subtitles in the movies."[4] He became fascinated with motion pictures, watching the same ones repeatedly and then re-enacting scenes to his friends and neighbors.[6] Tracy attended several Jesuit academies in his teenage years, which he claimed took the "badness" out of him and his grades improved.[7] At Marquette Academy he met future actor Pat O'Brien, and the pair began attending plays together, awakening Tracy's interest in the theatre.[8]
With little care for his studies and "itching for a chance to go and see some excitement",[8] Tracy enrolled in the Navy when he turned eighteen. He was sent to the Naval Training Station in North Chicago, where he was still a student when World War One came to an end.[9] He achieved the rank of seaman second class, but never went to sea and was discharged in February 1919.[10] John Tracy's desire to see one of his sons gain a college degree drove Tracy back to High School to finish his diploma.[10] Studies at two more institutions plus the additional allowance of "war credits" won Tracy a place at Ripon College. He entered Ripon in February 1921, declaring his intention to major in Medicine.[11]
"It helped me develop memory for lines that has been a godsend since I started stage work; it gave me something of a stage presence; and it helped get rid of my awkwardness. Also, I gradually developed the ability to speak extemporaneously".
—Tracy was a key member of his college debating team, which he later said helped with his acting career.[12]
Tracy was a popular student at Ripon, where he served as President of his hall and was involved in a number of college activities.[13] He made his stage debut in June 1921, playing the male lead in The Truth.[14] Tracy was very well received in this role [15] and he quickly developed a passion for the stage.[16] He formed an acting company with friends, which they called "The Campus Players" and took on tour.[17] He also excelled in the college debating team.[13] It was during a tour with this team that Tracy auditioned for the American Academy of Dramatic Arts (AADA) in New York City. He performed a scene from one of his earlier roles, and was offered a scholarship to attend the school.[18] Tracy left Ripon, and began classes at AADA in April 1922.[19] He was deemed fit to progress to the senior class, allowing him to join the academy stock company with fifteen others.[20] Tracy made his New York debut in October 1922, in a play called The Wedding Guests,[21] and then his Broadway debut three months later playing a wordless robot in R.U.R.[22] He graduated from AADA in March 1923.[23]
Career[link]
Stock theatre and Broadway (1923–1930)[link]
Immediately following graduation, Tracy joined a new stock company based in White Plains, New York, where he was given periphery roles.[24] Unhappy there he moved to a company in Cincinnati, and failed to make an impact.[25] In November 1923 he landed a bit part in A Royal Fandango, a new Ethel Barrymore comedy on Broadway. Reviews for the show were poor and it closed after 25 performances; Tracy later said of the failure, "My ego took an awful beating."[26] When he took a position with a struggling company in New Jersey, Tracy was living on an allowance of 35 cents a day.[27] In January 1924 he played his first leading role,[27] but the Winnipeg company soon closed.[28] Tracy finally achieved some success by joining forces with the notable stock manager William H. Wright in the spring of 1924.[28] A stage partnership was formed with the young actress Selena Royle, who had already made her name on Broadway.[29] It proved a popular draw and their productions were favorably received.[30] One of these shows brought Tracy to the attention of a Broadway producer, who offered him the lead in a new play. The Sheepman previewed in October 1925, but reviews were poor and it closed after its trial run in Connecticut.[31] Dejected, Tracy was forced back to Wright and the stock circuit.[32]
In the fall of 1926, Tracy was offered his third shot at Broadway: a role in a new George M. Cohan play called Yellow. Tracy swore that if it failed to be a hit he would not return to stock, he would begin work in a "regular" business instead.[33] Cohan was one of the most important figures in American theatre,[33] and Tracy was nervous working with him, but during rehearsals Cohan announced: "Tracy, you're the best goddamned actor I've ever seen!"[34] Yellow opened on September 21; reviews were mixed but it ran for 135 performances,[35] and was the beginning of an important collaboration for Tracy. He later commented, "I'd have quit the stage completely, if it hadn't been for George M. Cohan."[36] A part was written specifically for Tracy in Cohan's next play, The Baby Cyclone.[37] It opened on Broadway in September 1927 and proved to be a hit.[38] Tracy followed this with another Cohan play, Whispering Friends, and in 1929 took over from Clark Gable in a Broadway drama Conflict.[39] A variety of other roles followed, but it was the lead in Dread, written by Pulitzer Prize winner Owen Davis, that gave Tracy high hopes for success.[40] The story of a man's descent into madness, Dread previewed in Brooklyn to an excellent reception, but the very next day—October 29—the New York stock market crashed.[41] Unable to attain funding, Dread did not open on Broadway. Following this disappointment, Tracy considered leaving the theatre and returning to Milwaukee for a more stable life.[42]
In January 1930, Tracy was approached about a new play called The Last Mile. Looking to cast the lead role of a serial killer on death row, producer Herman Shumlin met with Tracy, and later recounted: "beneath the surface, here was a man of passion, violence, sensitivity and desperation: no ordinary man, and just the man for the part."[43] The Last Mile opened on Broadway in February, where Tracy's intense performance was met by a standing ovation that lasted 14 curtain calls.[44] The Commonweal described him as "one of our best and most versatile young actors".[45] The play was a hit with critics,[46] and ran for 289 performances.[47]
Fox (1930–1935)[link]
Tracy had not considered being a movie actor, saying "I had no ambition in that direction and I was perfectly happy on the stage."[45] In 1930 Broadway was being heavily scouted for actors to work in the new film medium of "talkies", and Tracy was drawn into the process.[45] Within a month of opening The Last Mile, he made his screen debut in a Vitaphone short called Taxi Talks.[45] This was followed by a second short, The Hard Guy.[48] One of the scouts who saw Tracy in The Last Mile was director John Ford. Ford's next picture was set to be a prison movie, and he wanted Tracy for the lead role. Production company Fox Film Corporation were unsure, saying that he did not photograph well in make-up.[48] Ford convinced them that Tracy did not need it,[49] and he was cast in the movie.[50] Up the River (1930) marked the film debut of both Tracy and Humphrey Bogart. After seeing the rushes, Fox immediately offered Tracy a long-term contract.[51] Knowing that he needed the money for his family—his young son was deaf and recovering from polio—Tracy signed with Fox and moved to California.[52] He appeared on the stage again only once more in his life.
Winfield Sheehan, the head of Fox, committed to making Tracy a bankable commodity.[53] The studio went to efforts to promote the actor, releasing adverts for his second film Quick Millions (1931) with the headline "A New Star Shines."[54] Three films were made in quick succession, all of which were unsuccessful at the box office.[55] Tracy found himself typecast in comedies, usually playing a crook or a con man.[56] The mold was broken with his seventh picture, Disorderly Conduct (1932), and it was the first of his films since Up the River to make a profit.[57] In mid-1932, after nine pictures, Tracy remained virtually unknown to the public.[58] He considered leaving Fox once his contract was up for renewal, but a rise in his weekly rate to $1,500 convinced him to stay.[59] He continued to appear in unpopular films, with Me and My Gal (1932) setting an all time low attendance record for the Roxy Theatre in New York City.[60] He was loaned to Warner Bros. for 20,000 Years in Sing Sing (1932), a prison drama co-starring Bette Davis. Tracy was hopeful that it would be his break-out role, but despite good reviews this failed to materialize.[61]
Critics began to notice Tracy with The Power and the Glory (1933). The story of a man's rise to prosperity, written by Preston Sturges, Tracy's performance received uniformly strong reviews.[62] William Wilkerson of The Hollywood Reporter wrote: "This sterling performer has finally been given an opportunity to show an ability that has been boxed in by gangster roles ... [the film] has introduced Mr. Tracy as one of the screen's best performers".[63] Mordaunt Hall of The New York Times stated: "No more convincing performance has been given on the screen than Spencer Tracy's impersonation of Tom Garner."[64] Shanghai Madness (1933), meanwhile, gave Tracy a previously unseen sex appeal and served to advance his standing.[63] Despite this attention, Tracy's next two movies went largely unnoticed. Man's Castle (1933) with Loretta Young was anticipated to be a hit, but made only a small profit.[65] The Show Off (1934), for which he was loaned to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, proved popular, but his subsequent outings continued to be unsuccessful.[66]
Tracy drank heavily during his years with Fox, and gained a reputation as an alcoholic.[62] He failed to report for filming on Marie Galante in June 1934, and was found in his hotel room, virtually unconscious after a two week binge.[67] Tracy was removed from the Fox payroll while he recovered in hospital,[68] and then sued $125,000 for delaying the production.[69] He completed only two more pictures with the studio. The details on how Tracy's relationship with Fox ended are unclear: later in life Tracy maintained that he was fired for his drunken behavior, but the Fox records do not support this account.[70] He was still under contract with the studio when MGM expressed their interest in the actor.[71] They were in need of a new male star, and contacted Tracy on April 2, 1935, offering him a seven-year deal.[71] That afternoon, the contract between Tracy and Fox was terminated "by mutual consent".[71] Tracy made a total of 25 pictures in the five years he was with Fox Film Corporation, most of which lost money at the box office.[72]
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1935–1955)[link]
In the 1930s, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer was the most respected movie production studio in Hollywood.[73] When Tracy arrived there, his own reputation was not strong. Biographer James Curtis writes: "Tracy was scarcely a blip on the box office barometer in 1935, a critics' darling and little more".[74] He was, however, well known for being a troublemaker.[75] Producer Irving G. Thalberg was nevertheless enthusiastic about working with the actor, telling journalist Louella Parsons: "Spencer Tracy will become one of M-G-M's most valuable stars."[76] Curtis notes that the studio managed Tracy with care, a welcome change from the ineptitude he had known at Fox, which was like "a shot of adrenaline" for the actor.[76] His first film under the new contract was the quickly produced The Murder Man (1935).[77] Thalberg then began a strategy of pairing Tracy with the studio's top actresses:[78] Whipsaw (1935) co-starred Myrna Loy and was a commercial succeess.[79] Riffraff (1936) put Tracy opposite Jean Harlow. Both films were, however, designed and promoted to showcase their leading ladies, thus continuing Tracy's reputation as a secondary star.[80]
Fury (1936) was the first film to prove that Tracy could make a success on his own merit.[81] Directed by Fritz Lang, Tracy played a man who swears revenge after narrowly escaping death by a lynch mob. The film and performance received excellent reviews.[82] It was popular with the public, going on to make $1,300,000 worldwide.[83] Curtis writes: "audiences who, just a year earlier, had no clear handle on him, were suddenly turning out to see him. It was a transition that was nothing short of miraculous ... [and showed] a willingness on the part of the public to embrace a leading man who was not textbook handsome nor bigger than life."[81] It was followed one month later by the big-budget disaster movie San Francisco (1936). Tracy starred alongside Clark Gable, allowing audiences to see him with Hollywood's top male star.[79] His role in the film was a priest, and Tracy reportedly felt a heavy responsibility in representing the church.[84] The performance was highly praised and Tracy received an Oscar nomination for Best Actor, despite having only 17 minutes of screen time.[85] San Francisco went on to be the highest grossing picture of 1936.[86] Donald Deschner, in his book on Tracy, credits Fury and San Francisco as the "two films that changed his career and gave him the status of a major star."[87] Tracy had also entered a period of self-imposed sobriety by this point, and MGM were pleased by his professionalism.[88]
Oscar wins[link]
Tracy's reputation continued to grow as his next film, the screwball comedy Libeled Lady (1936), cast him with William Powell, Loy and Harlow. As Curtis says, "Powell, Harlow and Loy were among the biggest draws in the industry, and equal billing in such a powerhouse company could only serve to advance Tracy's standing".[89] It was his third hit picture in the space of six months.[90] Tracy appeared in four movies in 1937. They Gave Him a Gun went largely unnoticed,[91] but Captains Courageous was one of the major film events of the year.[91] Tracy played a Portuguese fisherman in the adventure movie. He was uncomfortable feigning a foreign accent,[92] and resented having his hair curled,[93] but the role was a hit with audiences. For his work in Captains Courageous, Tracy won the Academy Award for Best Actor. It was followed by Big City with Luise Rainer and Mannequin with Joan Crawford, the latter of which took good billings at the box office.[94] With two years of hit movies and industry recognition, Tracy became a significant star in America. A poll of 20 million people to find the "King and Queen of Hollywood", announced in December 1937, ranked Tracy sixth among males.[95]
Tracy was reunited with Gable and Loy for 1938's Test Pilot. It was another commercial success, and was well received by critics.[96] Based on the positive response he had received in San Francisco, MGM again cast Tracy as a priest in Boys Town (1938).[97] Portraying Edward J. Flanagan was a role he took seriously, saying "I'm so anxious to do a good job as Father Flanagan that it worries me, keeps me awake at night."[98] Tracy received strong reviews for the performance, and the movie took $4,000,000 in worldwide billings.[99] For the second year running, Tracy received an Academy Award for Best Actor. He was humble about the recognition, saying in his acceptance speech: "I honestly do not feel that I can accept this award ... I can accept it only as it was meant to be for a great man—Father Flanagan".[100] He chose to give the statuette to Flanagan.[101] Tracy was listed as the fifth biggest money-making star of 1938.[102] He was absent from screens for almost a year before returning to Twentieth Century-Fox and appearing as Henry M. Stanley in Stanley and Livingstone, his only film of 1939. Curtis claims this non-visibility did little to affect Tracy's standing with the public or exhibitors.[103] In October of that year, a survey conducted by Fortune magazine to find the nation's favorite movie actor listed Tracy in first place.[104]
Established star[link]
MGM capitalized on Tracy's popularity, casting him in four movies for 1940. I Take This Woman with Hedy Lamarr was a critical and commercial failure,[105] but the historical drama Northwest Passage—Tracy's first film in Technicolor—proved popular.[105] He then portrayed Thomas Edison in Edison, the Man. Howard Barnes of the New York Herald Tribune was not charmed by the story, but wrote that Tracy, "by sheer persuasion of his acting", made the film worthy.[106] Boom Town was the third and final Gable-Tracy picture, also featuring Claudette Colbert, making it one of the most anticipated films of the year.[107] It opened to the biggest crowd since Gone With the Wind.[108] Tracy signed a new contract with MGM in April 1941, which paid $5,000 a week and limited him to three pictures a year (Tracy had previously expressed a need to reduce his workload).[109] It also stated, for the first time, that his billing was to be "that of a star".[110] Boom Town was the last movie Tracy made in which his name did not feature in pole position.
In 1941 he returned to the role of Father Flanagan in Men of Boys Town. It was followed later that year by an adaptation of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Tracy's only venture into the horror genre. His co-stars in the movie were Ingrid Bergman and Lana Turner. Tracy was unhappy with the picture, disliking the heavy make-up he needed to portray Hyde.[111] The response from critics was mixed,[112] and Theodore Strauss of The New York Times wrote that "Mr. Tracy's portrait of Hyde is not so much evil incarnate as it is the ham rampant."[113] It was popular with audiences, however, taking worldwide billings in excess of $2,000,000.[114]
Tracy was set to star in a film version of The Yearling for 1942, but on-set difficulties and bad weather forced the production to close.[115] As such, he became available for the new Katharine Hepburn movie, Woman of the Year (1942). Hepburn greatly admired Tracy, calling him "the best movie actor there was",[116] and had wanted him for her comeback vehicle The Philadelphia Story (1940).[117] She reported her delight that he was available for Woman of the Year, saying "I was just damned grateful he was willing to work with me."[118] The romantic comedy performed well at the box office and collected strong reviews.[119] William Boehnel wrote in the New York World-Telegram "To begin with, it has Katharine Hepburn and Spencer Tracy in the leading roles. This in itself would be enough to make any film memorable. But when you get Tracy and Hepburn turning in brilliant performances to boot, you've got something to cheer about."[119]
Woman of the Year was followed by an adaptation of John Steinbeck's Tortilla Flat (1942), which met with a tepid response.[120] MGM did not hesitate to repeat the Tracy-Hepburn teaming, and cast them in the dark mystery Keeper of the Flame (1942). Despite a weak critical reception it was a popular success, outgrossing its predecessor and confirming the strength of the partnership.[121] Tracy's next three appearances were all war-based. A Guy Named Joe (1943) with Irene Dunne surpassed San Francisco to become his highest-grossing film to date.[122] The Seventh Cross (1944), about the escape from a Nazi concentration camp, met with critical acclaim.[123] It was followed by the aviation film Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo (1944). On the strength of these three releases, the annual Quigley poll revealed Tracy as MGM's biggest money-making star of 1944.[124] His only film the following year was Without Love (1945), a third film with Hepburn that performed well at box offices despite muted enthusiasm from critics.[125]
Stage and screen[link]
In 1945, Tracy returned to the stage for the first time in 15 years. He had been through a dark patch personally—culminating with a stay in hospital—and Hepburn felt that a play would help restore his focus.[126] Tracy told a journalist in April, "I'm coming back to Broadway to see if I can still act."[125] The play was The Rugged Path by Robert E. Sherwood. It first previewed in Providence on September 28, to a sold out crowd and tepid response.[127] It was a difficult production; director Garson Kanin later wrote: "In the ten days prior to the New York opening all the important relationships had deteriorated. Spencer was tense and unbending, could not, or would not, take direction".[128] Tracy considered leaving the show before it even opened on Broadway,[129] and lasted there just six weeks before announcing his intention to close the show.[130] It closed on January 19, 1946, after 81 performances.[131] Tracy later explained to a friend: "I couldn't say those goddamn lines over and over and over again every night ... At least every day is a new day for me in films ... But this thing—every day, every day, over and over again."[132]
Tracy was absent from screens in 1946, the first year since his motion picture debut that there was no Spencer Tracy release.[133] His next film was The Sea of Grass (1947) a drama set in the American Old West with Hepburn. Similarly to Keeper of the Flame and Without Love, a lukewarm response from critics did not stop it from being a financial success both at home and abroad.[134] He followed it later that year with Cass Timberlane, in which he played a judge. It was a commercial success, but Curtis notes that co-star Lana Turner overshadowed Tracy in most of the reviews.[135] A fifth film with Hepburn came in 1948, Frank Capra's political drama State of the Union. Tracy played a presidential candidate in the movie, which was warmly received.[136] He then appeared in Edward, My Son (1949) with Deborah Kerr. Tracy disliked the role, and commented to director George Cukor "It's rather disconcerting to me to find how easily I play a heel."[137] Upon release, The New Yorker wrote of the "hopeless miscasting of Mr. Tracy"[138] and it went on to be his biggest money-loser at MGM.[139] Tracy finished off the 1940s with Malaya (1949), an adventure film with James Stewart, and Adam's Rib (1949), a comedy with Hepburn. The latter was written specifically for the duo by their friends Garson Kanin and Ruth Gordon, and had them playing married lawyers who oppose each other in court. It received strong reviews, and became the highest grossing Tracy-Hepburn picture to date.[140] Bosley Crowther wrote "Mr. Tracy and Miss Hepburn are the stellar performers in this show and their perfect compatibility in comic capers is delightful to see."[141]
Final MGM years[link]
The 1950s began strongly for Tracy, as he received an Academy Award nomination—the first in 12 years—for Father of the Bride (1950). The role was Stanley Banks, the despairing titular character who attempts to handle preparations for his daughter's (played by Elizabeth Taylor) upcoming wedding. Variety noted "It's the second strong comedy in a row for Spencer Tracy, doing the title role, and he socks it."[142] Newsweek stated in their review: "Tracy hilariously sparks Father of the Bride with one of his surest comedy performances."[143] Bosley Crowther called the film "wonderful" and declared: "As a father, torn by jealousy, devotion, pride and righteous wrath, Mr. Tracy is tops."[144] The film was the biggest commercial success of his career to date, earning $6,000,000 worldwide.[142] MGM were immediately keen for a sequel, which Tracy was unsure of but accepted.[144] Father's Little Dividend (1951) was released ten months later, and made good business.[145] On the strength of the two movies, Tracy again polled as one of the nation's top stars.[145]
Tracy portrayed a lawyer in 1951's The People Against O'Hara, and then re-teamed with Hepburn for the sports comedy Pat and Mike (1952). It was a second feature written expressly for the pair by Kanin and Gordon, and proved one of the duo's most popular and critically acclaimed films.[146] Tracy followed it with Plymouth Adventure (1952), a historical drama set abroad the Mayflower, co-starring Gene Tierney. It met with a poor response and posted a loss of $1,800,000.[147] In 1953 he appeared in The Actress, where he again played a concerned father. Producer Lawrence Weingarten later summarized the fate of the movie: "That film ... got more [acclaim] from the critics than any film I ever made in all the years, and we didn't make enough to pay for the ushers in the theatre."[148] The performance won Tracy a Golden Globe Award and a British Academy Film Award nomination.
MGM lent Tracy to Twentieth Century-Fox for Broken Lance, his only appearance of 1954. The Western was well received.[149] In 1955 he turned down William Wyler's The Desperate Hours because he refused to take second-billing to Humphrey Bogart,[150] and instead appeared in Bad Day at Black Rock (1955). The John Sturges directed film had Tracy playing a one-armed protagonist who faces the hostility of a small town. Tracy received a fifth Oscar nomination for his work, and was awarded the Best Actor prize at the Cannes Film Festival. He had personally been unhappy with the picture, and threatened to leave it during production.[151] This became a regular occurrence for the aging Tracy, who was increasingly disillusioned with his abilities. He began production on Tribute to a Bad Man in the summer of 1955, but pulled out when the location shooting in Colorado gave him altitude sickness.[152] The trouble caused by the picture fractured Tracy's relationship with MGM. In June 1955 he was the last remaining star of the studio's heyday, but with his contract up for renewal—Tracy opted to go independent for the first time in his movie career.[153]
Independent player (1956–1967)[link]
Tracy's first post-MGM appearance was in The Mountain (1956). The location filming in the French Alps proved a difficult experience, and he threatened to leave the project.[154] His performance earned a BAFTA nomination for Best Foreign Actor. Tracy and Hepburn then paired together for the eighth time in the office-based comedy Desk Set (1957). He again had to be convinced to stay with the film[155] which met with a weak response.[156] In 1958, Tracy appeared in a project that had been in development for five years. The Old Man and the Sea was an adaptation of Ernest Hemingway's novella of the same name. Hemingway's agent, Leland Hayward, had previously written to the author: "Of all Hollywood people, the one that comes the closest to me in quality, in personality and voice, in personal dignity and ability, is Spencer Tracy."[157] Tracy was delighted to be offered the role.[157] He was told to lose some of his 210 pounds before filming began, but failed to do so.[158] Hemingway thus reported that Tracy was a "terrible liability to the picture", and had to be reassured that the star was being carefully photographed to disguise his weight.[159] Appearing alone on screen for the majority of the film, Tracy considered The Old Man and the Sea the toughest part he ever played.[160] In reviewing the performance, Jack Moffitt of the Hollywood Reporter said it was "so intimate and revealing of universal human experience that, to me, it almost transcended acting and became reality."[161] Tracy received Oscar and BAFTA Award nominations for the work.
After abandoning two projects, including a proposed remake of The Blue Angel with Marilyn Monroe,[162] Tracy's next feature was The Last Hurrah (1958). It reunited him with his debut director, John Ford, after 28 years. Tracy took a year to commit to the project, in which he played an Irish-American mayor seeking re-election.[163] The movie was favorably reviewed, but not commercially successful.[164] At the end of 1958, the National Board of Review named Tracy the year's Best Actor. He nevertheless began to ponder retirement, with Curtis writing that he was "chronically tired, unhappy, ill, and uninterested in work."[165]
Stanley Kramer partnership[link]
_Spencer_Tracy.jpg)
Tracy did not appear on screens again until October 1960. Inherit the Wind was based on the Scopes "Monkey Trial" of 1925, which debated the right to teach evolution in schools. Director Stanley Kramer sought Tracy for the role of lawyer Clarence Darrow from the outset.[166] Starring opposite him was Fredric March, a pairing Variety called "a stroke of casting genius ... Both men are spellbinders in the most laudatory sense of the word."[167] The film garnered Tracy some of the strongest reviews of his career, but was not a commercial hit.[168] He was nominated for an Academy Award, BAFTA Award and Golden Globe Award for the performance. In The Devil at 4 O'Clock (1961), Tracy played a priest for the fourth time in his career. His co-star was Frank Sinatra, who ceded top-billing to guarantee Tracy for the picture.[169] Tracy briefly pulled out of the production, citing the Hawaii location work with a simulated volcano as "too hazardous",[167] but Sinatra convinced him to stay.[168] Critics were unenthusiastic about the film, which nevertheless grossed $4,555,000—Tracy's biggest commercial success since Father of the Bride.[170]
Inherit the Wind began an enduring collaboration between Tracy and Stanley Kramer, and the final three films he appeared in were all Kramer directed. Their second feature together was Judgment at Nuremberg, released at the end of 1961. It depicted the "Judges' Trial", in which the judges of Nazi Germany were tried for their role in the Holocaust. Abby Mann wrote the role of Judge Haywood with Tracy in mind,[171] and Tracy called it the best script he had ever read.[172] At the end of the film, Tracy had to deliver a 13 minute long speech. He recorded it in one take, and received a round of applause from the cast and crew.[173] Mann wrote to Tracy upon seeing the film, and said: "Every writer ought to have the experience of having Spencer Tracy do his lines. There is nothing in the world quite like it."[174] The film met with positive reviews, a large audience, and Tracy received an eighth Oscar nomination for his performance.[175]
Tracy turned down roles in Long Days Journey Into Night (1962) and The Leopard (1963),[176] and had to pull out of Ford's all-star How the West Was Won (1962) when it clashed with Judgment at Nuremberg. He was, however, able to record the film's narration track.[177] Tracy was in very poor health by this period and working became a challenge. He took a role in Kramer's comedy It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963), a small part that he was able to complete in nine days.[178] Tracy's name topped the list of performers, and the film was one of the most popular of the year.[179] As his health worsened, however, he had to cancel commitments to Cheyenne Autumn (1964) and The Cincinnati Kid (1965).[180] Offers continued to come, but Tracy did not work again until Kramer's Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967), which allowed him to work with Hepburn for the ninth time.
Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, also starring Sidney Poitier, explored the issue of interracial marriage, with Tracy playing a liberal-minded newspaper publisher whose values are challenged when his daughter wishes to marry a black man. He was happy to be working again, but told the press the movie would be his last.[181] In order for filming to commence, Tracy had to be insured for the high premium of $71,000, and Hepburn and Kramer both put their salaries in escrow until his scenes had been completed.[182] With his poor health, Tracy could only work for two or three hours each day.[183] He completed his last scene on May 24, 1967.[184] His death, by heart attack, came 17 days later on June 10. Guess Who's Coming to Dinner was released in December, and although reviews were mixed Curtis states that "Tracy's performance was singled out for praise in nearly every instance."[185] Brendan Gill of The New Yorker wrote that Tracy gave "a faultless and, under the circumstances, heartbreaking performance."[185] The movie became the highest grossing picture that Tracy ever appeared in.[186] At the 40th Academy Awards, Tracy received a posthumous nomination for Best Actor; his ninth. He was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award, while the British Academy awarded Tracy their Best Actor prize.
Personal life[link]
Marriage, family and Hepburn[link]
Tracy met actress Louise Treadwell while they were both members of The Wood Players in White Plains, New York (the first stock company Tracy joined after graduating). They were engaged in May 1923[187] and married on September 10 of that year between the matinee and evening performances of his show.[188] Their son, John Ten Broeck Tracy, was born in June 1924.[189] When John was 10 months old, Louise discovered that the boy was deaf.[190] She resisted telling Tracy for three months, and he was devastated by the news.[191] Tracy became convinced that John's deafness was a punishment for his own sins—namely adultery—and felt a lifelong guilt over this.[192] He had trouble connecting with his son as a result,[193] and distanced himself from his family. Friend Joseph L. Mankiewicz later theorized: "[Tracy] didn't leave Louise. He left the scene of his guilt."[194] A second child, Louise "Susie" Treadwell Tracy, was born in July 1932.[195] The children were raised in their mother's Episcopalian faith.[196]
Tracy left the family home in 1933.[197] He and Louise openly discussed the separation with the media, maintaining that they were still friends and had not taken divorce action.[198] From September 1933 to June 1934, Tracy had a public affair with Loretta Young, his co-star in Man's Castle.[199] He reconciled with Louise in 1935.[200] There was never again an official separation between Tracy and his wife, but the marriage continued to be troubled.[201] Tracy increasingly lived in hotels and by the 1940s, Curtis notes that the two were effectively living separate lives.[202] Tracy frequently engaged in extramarital affairs,[203] including with co-stars Joan Crawford in 1937,[204] and Ingrid Bergman in 1941.[205]
While making Woman of the Year in September 1941, Tracy began a relationship with Katharine Hepburn. The actress became devoted to him,[206] and their relationship lasted until his death 26 years later. Tracy never returned to live in the family home,[207] although visited regularly.[208][209] The MGM moguls were careful to protect their contract stars from controversy,[210] and Tracy wished to conceal the relationship from his wife,[211] so it was hidden from the public. They did not live together until the final years of Tracy's life.[212] In Hollywood, the intimate nature of the Tracy-Hepburn partnership was an open secret.[213] Angela Lansbury, who worked with the pair on State of the Union, later said: "We all knew, but nobody ever said anything. In those days it wasn't discussed."[214] Tracy was not someone to express his emotions,[215] but friend Betsy Drake believed he "was utterly dependent upon [Hepburn]."[216] The infidelity continued,[217] including an affair with Gene Tierney during the making of Plymouth Adventure in 1952.[218] Neither Tracy or his wife ever pursued a divorce, despite their estrangement. He told Joan Fontaine, "I can get a divorce whenever I want to, but my wife and Kate like things just as they are."[219] Louise, meanwhile, reportedly commented: "I will be Mrs. Spencer Tracy until the day I die."[136] Hepburn did not interfere and never fought for marriage.[220]
Character[link]
Tracy was an avowed Catholic, but his cousin, Jane Feely, stated that he did not devoutly follow the religion. She added: "and he was often not a practical [Catholic] either. I would call him a spiritual Catholic."[221] Garson Kanin, a friend of Tracy's for 25 years, described him as "a true believer",[222] and indicated that the actor respected his religion.[223] At periods in his life, Tracy attended Mass regularly.[224] Tracy did not believe actors should publicize their political views, but in 1940 lent his name to the "Hollywood for Roosevelt" committee[225] and personally identified as a Democrat.[226]
Tracy struggled with alcoholism throughout his adult life,[227] an ailment that ran in his father's side of the family.[228] Rather than being a steady drinker, he was prone to periods of binging on alcohol.[229] He had a weakness towards drink, with his wife commenting that "the least little bit" would go "straight to his brain."[230] Loretta Young remarked that Tracy was "awful" when he was drunk,[231] and he was twice arrested for his behavior while intoxicated.[232] Because of this bad reaction to alcohol, Tracy regularly embarked on prolonged periods of sobriety, and developed an all-or-nothing routine. A doctor's report in 1942 summarized his drinking habits:
About ten years ago, he started out on periodic alcoholic bouts. Up to that time he had drank very little. After a play he would begin to celebrate, and would keep it up for a week or ten days. These periods of drinking would come about every eight months. Six years ago he decided that he could not go on this way, and for two years he did not drink anything. Then he fell and had another bout of drinking. After that he went for four years without drinking, and then was off on another bout some three months ago. He decided that, not having had any alcohol for four years, he could handle it, but found that it was impossible for him to do so.[233]
Such a pattern was typical of Tracy: Hepburn commented that he could stop drinking for "months, even years at a time".[234] His wife observed that the drinking largely stemmed from personal insecurities.[235] Tracy was prone to bouts of depression and anxiety: he was described by Mrs. Tracy as having "the most volatile disposition I've ever seen—up in the clouds one minute and down in the depths the next. And when he's low, he's very, very low."[236] He was plagued by insomnia throughout his life.[237] As a result, he became dependent on barbituates, to sleep, followed by dexedrine to function.[238] Hepburn, who adopted a nursing role towards Tracy,[239] was unable to understand her partner's unhappiness. She wrote in her autobiography: "What was it? ... Never at peace ... Tourtured by some sort of guilt. Some terrible misery."[240]
Years of illness and death[link]
File:Forestlawn Tracy.jpg
Tracy's memorial at Forest Lawn
As he entered his sixties, years of drinking, smoking, taking pills and being overweight left Tracy in poor health. On July 21, 1963, he was hospitalized after a severe attack of breathlessness.[212] Doctors found that he was suffering from pulmonary edema, the accumulation of fluid in the lungs.[241] They also declared his blood pressure as dangerously high.[242] From this point on Tracy remained very weak, and Hepburn moved into his home to provide constant care.[243] In January 1965, he was diagnosed with hypertensive heart disease, and began treatment for a previously ignored diagnosis of diabetes.[244] Tracy almost died in September 1965: a stay in hospital following a prostatectomy resulted in his kidneys failing, and he spent the night in a coma.[245] His recovery was described by his doctor as "a kind of miracle".[246]
Tracy spent the majority of the next two years at home with Hepburn, living what she described as a quiet life: reading, painting and listening to music.[247] On June 10, 1967, Tracy awakened at 3:00 am to make himself a cup of tea. Hepburn described in her autobiography how she followed him to the kitchen: "Just as I was about to give [the door] a push, there was a sound of a cup smashing to the floor—then clump—a loud clump."[248] She entered the room to find Tracy dead from a heart attack.[249] Hepburn recalled, "He looked so happy to be done with living, which for all his accomplishments had been a frightful burden for him."[250] The media were told by MGM publicist Howard Strickling that Tracy had been alone when he died, and was found by his housekeeper.[251] A Requiem Mass was held for Tracy on June 12 at the Immaculate Heart of Mary Catholic Church in East Hollywood. Active pallbearers included George Cukor, Stanley Kramer, Frank Sinatra, James Stewart and John Ford.[252] Tracy was interred in Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California.
Reputation and acting style[link]
Tracy received a great level of praise from his peers. Members of the film industry who called Tracy his generation's greatest actor include Humphrey Bogart,[253] James Cagney,[254] John Ford,[163] Garson Kanin[255] and Katharine Hepburn.[256] Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer head Dore Schary remarked after Tracy's death: "There can be no question that he was the best and most protean actor of our screen."[257] He was particularly respected for his naturalism on screen, and his skills at listening and reacting. Barry Nelson said that Tracy "brought the art of reacting to a new height",[258] while Stanley Kramer declared that Tracy "thought and listened better than anyone in the history of motion pictures".[259] Millard Kaufman noted that "[Tracy] listened with every fiber of his entire body".[260] Hume Cronyn, who worked with Tracy on The Seventh Cross, admired his co-star's natural screen presence: "His method appeared to be as simple as it is difficult to achieve. He appeared to do nothing. He listened, he felt, he said the words without forcing anything."[261] Joan Crawford likewise expressed her admiration for Tracy's seemingly effortless performances.[262] "One never had the feeling he was 'acting' in a scene," said his four-time co-star Joan Bennett, "but the truth of the situation was actually happening, spontaneously, at the moment he spoke his lines."[262] Cagney noted that Tracy was rarely the target of impressionists, because "You can't mimic reserve and control very well"[254] and "there's nothing to imitate except his genius and that can't be mimicked."[263]
"I've never known what acting is. Who can honestly say what it is? ... I wonder what actors are supposed to be, if not themselves ... I've finally narrowed it down to where, when I begin a part, I say to myself, this is Spencer Tracy as a judge, or this is Spencer Tracy as a priest or as a lawyer, and let it go at that. Look, the only thing an actor has to offer a director and finally an audience is his instinct. That's all."[264]
—Spencer Tracy, giving his opinion on acting.
Despite this perception of being able to perform effortlessly, acquaintances of Tracy said that he would carefully prepare for each role. Joseph L. Mankiewicz lived with Tracy during the production of Test Pilot, and recounted that the actor would lock himself in his bedroom each night, and be "working extremely hard."[265] Many co-workers commented on his strong work-ethic and professionalism.[266] He did not like to rehearse, however, and would lose his effectiveness after two or three takes.[267] Kanin described him as "an instinctive player, who trusted the moment of creation."[268] Tracy's close friend Chester Erskine pinpointed his technique as one of "selection"; that he strove to give as little as was needed to be effective—reaching "a minimum to make the maximum."[269] Tracy disliked being asked about his technique, or what advice he would give to others,[270] and often belittled the profession.[271] "Why do actors think they're so God damn important?", he said to Kanin, "They're not. Acting is not an important job in the scheme of things. Plumbing is."[272] He was humble about his abilities, saying to a journalist: "it's just that I try no tricks. No profile. No 'great lover' act ... I just project myself as I am—plain, trying to be honest."[137] He enjoyed the quip once made by Alfred Lunt: "The art of acting is—learn your lines!"[273] Katharine Hepburn, in an interview six years after Tracy's death, suggested that Tracy wished he had held a different profession.[274]
Assessment and legacy[link]
In the 21st century, Tracy is best known to general audiences for his association with Katharine Hepburn.[275][276] He continues to receive praise from film scholars: critic Leonard Maltin has called Tracy "one of the 20th century’s finest actors",[277] while film historian Jeanine Basinger has described his career as a "golden record of movie achievement".[276] Charles Matthews, writing for The Washington Post, has argued that "Tracy deserves to be remembered for himself, as a master of acting technique".[275]
Tracy's legacy is evident at the University of California, Los Angeles, where an award for excellence in film acting is bestowed in his name. Past recipients of the UCLA Spencer Tracy Award include James Stewart, Michael Douglas, Denzel Washington, Tom Hanks, Anthony Hopkins, Kirk Douglas and Morgan Freeman.[278] A documentary about Tracy was made in 1986, entitled The Spencer Tracy Legacy.[279] First broadcast by PBS, and hosted by Katharine Hepburn, it includes footage of Tracy's career and interviews with his former co-stars. In 2009, Tracy provided inspiration for the character Carl in Pixar's Oscar-winning film Up. Director Pete Docter explained that there is "something sweet about these grumpy old guys".[280]
Several of Tracy's films, particularly his comedies, are regarded as classics of American cinema. He starred in four of the titles on the American Film Institute's list of "100 Years ... 100 Laughs": Adam's Rib, It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World, Father of the Bride and Woman of the Year.[281] Guess Who's Coming to Dinner was included on their list of the 100 greatest American movies,[282] while Captains Courageous featured on the list of America's most inspiring movies.[283]
Awards and nominations[link]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Spencer Tracy
Tracy was nominated for nine Academy Awards for Best Actor, which is a category record he holds with Laurence Olivier. He was the first of nine actors to win the award twice, which remains an unbeaten record, and is one of two actors to receive it consecutively, the other being Tom Hanks.[284] Tracy was also nominated for five British Academy Film Awards, of which he won two, and four Golden Globe Awards, winning once. In addition, he received the Cannes Film Festival award for Best Actor and was once named Best Actor by the National Board of Review.[285]
Tracy was recognized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for the following performances:
- 1937: Nomination for San Francisco
- 1938: Win for Captains Courageous
- 1939: Win for Boys Town
- 1951: Nomination for Father of the Bride
- 1956: Nomination for Bad Day at Black Rock
- 1959: Nomination for The Old Man and the Sea
- 1961: Nomination for Inherit the Wind
- 1962: Nomination for Judgment at Nuremberg
- 1968: Nomination for Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (posthumous nomination)
Filmography[link]
Main article: Spencer Tracy filmography
Selected filmography:
- Man's Castle (1933)
- Fury (1936)
- San Francisco (1936)
- Libeled Lady (1936)
- Captains Courageous (1937)
- Boys Town (1938)
- Woman of the Year (1942)
- A Guy Named Joe (1943)
- The Seventh Cross (1944)
- Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo (1944)
- State of the Union (1948)
- Adam's Rib (1949)
- Father of the Bride (1950)
- Pat and Mike (1952)
- Broken Lance (1954)
- Bad Day at Black Rock (1955)
- The Mountain (1956)
- Desk Set (1957)
- The Old Man and the Sea (1958)
- The Last Hurrah (1958)
- Inherit the Wind (1960)
- Judgment at Nuremberg (1961)
- It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963)
- Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967)
References[link]
- ^ "AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Stars". American Film Institute. June 16, 1999. http://www.afi.com/100years/stars.aspx. Retrieved February 20, 2012.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 27.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 31.
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 36.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 37.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 40.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 42.
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 43. The quote about joining the Navy comes from a 1937 interview with Tracy.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 45.
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 46.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 49; Deschner (1972) p. 34.
- ^ Deschner (1972) p. 34.
- ^ a b "Spencer Tracy". Ripon College. http://www.ripon.edu/library/Archives/exhibits/decades/SpencerTracy.htm. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 53.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 54.
- ^ Cutis (2011) p. 55. "Tracy was obsessive about acting to the degree that he talked about little else."
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 59.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 66; Kanin (1971) p. 10.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 67.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 70.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 71.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 72.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 73.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 6.
- ^ Curtis (2011) pp. 13–15.
- ^ Deschner (1972) pp. 36–37.
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 17.
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 18.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 21–22.
- ^ Curtis (2011) pp. 24, 76, 82, 85.
- ^ Deschner (1972) p. 37; Curtis (2011) p. 86.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 87.
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 91.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 92; Deschner (1972) p. 39.
- ^ Deschner (1972) p. 39.
- ^ Kanin (1971) p. 35.
- ^ Deschner (1972) p. 40.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 106.
- ^ Curtis (2011) pp. 109, 114.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 117.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 118.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 119.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 124.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 130.
- ^ a b c d Curtis (2011) p. 132.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 131; Deschner (1972) p. 43.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 888.
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 135.
- ^ Curtis (2011) pp. 135–136.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p 137.
- ^ Deschner (1972) p. 43.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 145; Kanin (1971) p. 109, quotes Tracy talking about signing for Fox: "So with me, it was just to pick up the dough I needed."
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 168.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 157.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 161.
- ^ Curtis (2011) pp. 170, 177.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 176.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 178. In a survey conducted by Variety magazine of the 133 biggest money-makers in the movie industry, Tracy did not feature.
- ^ Curtis (2011) pp. 183–184.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 188.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 202.
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 208.
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 200.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 209.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 223.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 231.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 241.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 242.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 244.
- ^ Curtis (2011) pp. 254–255.
- ^ a b c Curtis (2011) p. 259.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 234.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 224.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 365.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 258.
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 260.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 261.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 326.
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 272.
- ^ Curtis (2011) pp. 266, 293. Deschner (1972) p. 47, quotes Louella Parsons saying: "Instead of being a star himself, he was a leading man to all MGM's glamour girls."
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 293.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 291.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 292.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 277.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 310.
- ^ Reid, John (2004). Award-Winning Films of the 1930s. Lulu.com. p. 129. ISBN 1-4116-1432-1.
- ^ Deschner (1972) p. 44.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 278.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 299.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 308.
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 316.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 300.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 305.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 339.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 333. The poll was conducted by 55 metropolitan newspapers. Ahead of Tracy were Clark Gable, Robert Taylor, Tyrone Power, William Powell and Nelson Eddy.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 347.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 343.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 345.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 362.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 363.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 364.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 359.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 390.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 391.
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 399.
- ^ Deschner (1972) p. 49.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 400.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 406.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 385.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 415. Curtis points out that the contract did not, contrary to popular belief, include a clause that Tracy receive top billing (although it had this effect in reality).
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 411.
- ^ Curtis (2011) pp. 422–423.
- ^ Deschner (1972) p. 170.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 423.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 420.
- ^ Berg (2004) p. 146.
- ^ Berg (2004) p. 138.
- ^ Berg (2004) p. 171.
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 457.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 479.
- ^ Curtis (2011) pp. 479–480; Kanin (1971) p. 5.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 500.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 505.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 512.
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 515.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 517 for hospital stay; p. 512 for "Hepburn's strategy".
- ^ Curtis (2011) pp. 525–256.
- ^ Kanin (1971) p. 97.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 528.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 531.
- ^ Deschner (1972) p. 51.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 530.
- ^ Deschner (1972) p/ 51.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 549.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 559.
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 546.
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 567.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 579.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 580.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 587.
- ^ Crowther, Bosley (December 26, 1949). "'Adam's Rib,' 'Tight Little Island,' 'Amazing Mr. Beecham' Among Movie Newcomers". The New York Times. http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9E02E5DC1F3BE23BBC4E51DFB4678382659EDE&partner=Rotten%20Tomatoes. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 599.
- ^ Deschner (1972) p. 206.
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 600.
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 609.
- ^ Berg (2004) p. 198.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 637.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 652.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 674.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 680.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 670 for threatening to leave; p. 680 for negativity towards the film.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 687.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 689.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 695.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 723.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 738.
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 644.
- ^ Curtis (2011) pp. 707, 732.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 732.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 725.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 748.
- ^ Curtis (2011) pp. 738–739. The second film was Ten North Frederick.
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 741. John Ford comment: "When I say Spencer Tracy is the best actor we ever had, I'm giving you something of my philosophy on acting. The best is most natural."
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 752.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 745.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 750.
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 768.
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 769.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 767.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 798.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 765.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 774.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 794.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 796.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 803.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 797.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 806.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 811.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 818.
- ^ Curtis (2011) pp. 818, 822. Both roles eventually went to Edward G. Robinson.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 836.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 839; Berg (2004) p. 243.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 847.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 856.
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 873.
- ^ Berg (2004) p. 249.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 12.
- ^ Curtis (2011) pp.14–15.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 21.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 78.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 84.
- ^ Curtis (2011) pp. 85, 95, 108, 112, 166, 338, 586, 647.
- ^ Curtis (2011) pp. 96, 565.
- ^ Cutis (2011) p. 338.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 177.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 485.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 205.
- ^ Curtis (2011) pp. 206, 216, 226.
- ^ Curtis (2011), p. 210 for beginning of affair, p. 235 for break-up. For public nature of the relationship see pp. 213, 215.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 253.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 319.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 426.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 450, quotes Claire Trevor saying: "He did have quite a line of conquests. Women loved him." Similar quotations are given from Joseph L. Mankiewicz and Clark Gable.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 327.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 413.
- ^ Hepburn (1991) p. 389, "His interests and demands came first"; p. 393: "I wanted him to be happy—safe—comfortable. I liked to wait on him—listen to him—feed him—work for him. I tried not to disturb him ... I was happy to do this"; Bacall (2005), p. 488: "Her sole aim was to please him, which she unfailingly did"; Curtis (2011) p. 749, "[Hepburn continued] being all that she could be for him."
- ^ Berg (2004) p. 171; Kanin (1971) p. 81.
- ^ "Transcript: Tribute to Katharine Hepburn". CNN. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0306/30/lkl.00.html. Retrieved January 7, 2012. See comment from Susie Tracy: "there came a point where he did not live in the house anymore ... But I saw him every weekend and he always came to the ranch".
- ^ Kanin (1971) p. 82.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 356.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 583.
- ^ a b Curtis (2011) p. 814.
- ^ Curtis (2011) pp. 481, 508, 543, 548, 556, 627.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 556.
- ^ Hepburn (1991) p. 396, wrote: "I have no idea how Spence felt about me ... He wouldn't talk about it and I didn't talk about it." Curtis (2011), p. 748, quotes Sally Erskine saying "I thought he showed love ... I [just] don't think he ever said anything"; see also p. 497.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 747.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 635. Tracy's friend William Self is quoted as saying: "once in a while Carroll and Spence would talk about some affair he was having or thinking of having while he was very involved with Hepburn."
- ^ Curtis (2011) pp. 626–627.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 612.
- ^ Hepburn (1991) p. 405.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 212.
- ^ Kanin (1971) p. 250.
- ^ Kanin (1971), p. 14. "To Spence, [life] was all—save his religion—a surpassing joke."
- ^ Curtis (2011) pp. 32, 607; Kanin (1971) p. 166.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 407.
- ^ Curtis (2011) pp. 492, 837; Kanin (1971) p. 64, notes Tracy's admiration for Roosevelt.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 702, quotes Tracy's daughter as saying: "[alcoholism] was something [my father] had to battle all his life."
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 34. Tracy's grandmother, father and uncle were all alcoholics.
- ^ Curtis (2011) pp. 348, 459, 683, 702, 718, 735.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 160.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 232.
- ^ Curtis (2011) pp. 213, 256.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 464.
- ^ Directed by David Healy (18 January, 1993). "Katharine Hepburn: All About Me". Turner Network Television. Stated by Hepburn in this documentary.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 159.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 181. For anxiety and hypochondria, see p. 463.
- ^ Kanin (1971) p. 123; Curtis (2011) pp. 508, 662, 670, 727.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 481.
- ^ Kanin (1971) p. 182; Higham (2004) pp. 114, 198.
- ^ Hepburn (1991) p. 399.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 815.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 816.
- ^ Curtis (2011) pp. 816, 823, 829.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 823.
- ^ Curtis (2011) pp. 825–826.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 827.
- ^ Berg (2004) p. 214.
- ^ Hepburn (1991) p. 402.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 861.
- ^ Hepburn (1991) p. 403.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 863.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 866.
- ^ Kanin (1971) p. 49. "As far as actors go—living ones—I'd say Spence is the best by far ... I rate him tops."
- ^ a b Kanin (1971) p. 239. "Spence? He's the most difficult son-of-a-bitch I've ever known. And the best. Certainly the best actor."
- ^ Kanin (1971) p. 246. "Spencer was, indubitably, the finest screen actor of his generation."
- ^ Hepburn (1991) p. 412. In a letter to Tracy: "There you were—really the greatest movie actor. I say this because I believe it and also I have heard many people of standing in our business say it."
- ^ Deschner (1972) p. 21.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 289.
- ^ Deschner (1972) p. 14.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 676.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 498.
- ^ a b Deschner (1972) p. 13. Crawford quotation: "It was inspiring to play opposite Tracy. His is such simplicity of performance, such naturalness and humor. He walks through a scene ... He makes it seem so easy".
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 755.
- ^ Deschner (1972) p. 23.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 337.
- ^ Deschner (1972) pp. 13, 26, 28.
- ^ For lack of rehearsal, see Curtis (2011) p. 672; Kanin (1971) p. 6; Hepburn (1991) p. 394; for minimum takes see Kanin (1971) p. 6; Curtis (2011) p. 621; Deschner (1972) p. 16.
- ^ Kanin (1971) p. 6.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 784.
- ^ Deschner (1972) p. 17.
- ^ Curtis (2011) p. 196.
- ^ Kanin (1971) p. 51.
- ^ Kanin (1971) p. 7. Deschner (1972) p. 28 attributes the quote originally to Lunt ("Learn your lines and don't bump into the furniture.")
- ^ "Katharine Hepburn: Part 2". The Dick Cavett Show. October 3, 1973. American Broadcasting Company.
- ^ a b Matthews, Charles (October 21, 2011). ""Spencer Tracy: A Life" by James Curtis". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/spencer-tracy-a-life-by-james-curtis/2011/10/03/gIQAsi2N4L_story.html. Retrieved December 10, 2011.
- ^ a b Basinger, Jeanine (October 29, 2011). "Book Review: Spencer Tracy. 'Hollywood's Favorite Actor'". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204346104576637431635762382.html.
- ^ Maltin, Leonard (November 9, 2011). "Spencer Tracy: A Biography—Book review". Leonard Maltin's Movie Crazy. Indiewire. http://blogs.indiewire.com/leonardmaltin/spencer-tracy-a-biographybook-review. Retrieved March 4, 2012.
- ^ "Morgan gets UCLA's Spencer Tracy Award". The Gadsden Times. February 22, 2006. http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1891&dat=20060222&id=G8MfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YtgEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5613,2156931. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
- ^ "The Spencer Tracy Legacy (1986)". The New York Times. http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/75818/The-Spencer-Tracy-Legacy/overview. Retrieved March 4, 2012.
- ^ James Keast (February 6, 2009). "Pixar Reveals Early Look At Up". Exclaim!. http://exclaim.ca/News/pixar_reveals_early_look_at_up. Retrieved October 16, 2011.
- ^ "AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Laughs". American Film Institute. http://www.afi.com/100Years/laughs.aspx. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
- ^ "AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movies". American Film Institute. http://www.afi.com/100years/movies.aspx. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
- ^ "AFI's 100 YEARS ... 100 CHEERS". American Film Institute. http://www.afi.com/100Years/cheers.aspx. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
- ^ "Academy Awards Best Actor". filmsite. http://www.filmsite.org/bestactor.html. Retrieved February 26, 2012.
- ^ "Spencer Tracy (I) – Awards". Internet Movie Database. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000075/awards. Retrieved February 26, 2012.
Sources[link]
- Bacall, Lauren (2005). By Myself and Then Some. It Books. ISBN 0-06-075535-0.
- Berg, Scott A. (2004 edition). Kate Remembered: Katharine Hepburn, a Personal Biography. Pocket. ISBN 0-7434-1563-9.
- Curtis, James (2011). Spencer Tracy: A Biography. London: Hutchinson. ISBN 0-09-178524-3.
- Deschner, Donald (1972 edition). The Films of Spencer Tracy. Secaucus, New Jersey: The Citadel Press. ISBN 0-8065-0272-X.
- Hepburn, Katharine (1991). Me: Stories of My Life. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-679-40051-6.
- Higham, Charles (2004 edition [First published 1975]). Kate: The Life of Katharine Hepburn. New York City, NY: W. W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-32598-9.
- Kanin, Garson (1971). Tracy and Hepburn: An Intimate Memoir. New York: Viking. ISBN 0-670-72293-6.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Spencer Tracy |
- Spencer Tracy at the Internet Movie Database
- Spencer Tracy at the Internet Broadway Database
- Spencer Tracy at the TCM Movie Database
- Profile @ Turner Classic Movies
- Chang, David A. "Spencer Tracy's Boyhood: Truth, Fiction, and Hollywood Dreams," Wisconsin Magazine of History, vol. 84, no. 1 (Autumn 2000)
- Spencer Tracy in the Wisconsin Birth Records, 1900 US Census, 1905 Wisconsin Census, 1910 US Census, Ohio Marriage Records, 1930 US Census, and Social Security Death Index.
| Persondata | |
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| Name | Tracy, Spencer |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American actor |
| Date of birth | April 5, 1900 |
| Place of birth | Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S. |
| Date of death | June 10, 1967 |
| Place of death | Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
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"Ozzy" and "John Osbourne" redirect here. For similar names, see Ozzie (disambiguation), John Osborn (disambiguation) and John Osborne (disambiguation).
| Ozzy Osbourne | |
|---|---|
 Osbourne in 2010. |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | John Michael Osbourne |
| Born | (1948-12-03) 3 December 1948 (age 63) Aston, Birmingham, England |
| Genres | Heavy metal, blues rock, hard rock |
| Occupations | Musician, songwriter |
| Instruments | vocals, harmonica, synthesizer |
| Years active | 1968–present |
| Labels | Epic, CBS, Jet |
| Associated acts | Black Sabbath, Kelly Osbourne, Black Label Society, Alice Cooper, Iommi, Rob Zombie, Slash, Firewind |
| Website | ozzy.com |
John Michael "Ozzy" Osbourne (born 3 December 1948) is an English heavy metal vocalist and songwriter, whose musical career has spanned over 40 years. Osbourne rose to prominence as lead singer of the pioneering English band Black Sabbath, whose dark and hard sound helped spawn the heavy metal genre. Due to Sabbath's dark style, Osbourne became known as the "Prince of Darkness".[1] Osbourne is also known as the "Godfather of Heavy Metal".[2]
In the early 2000s, Osbourne's career expanded when he became a star in his own reality show The Osbournes, alongside wife/manager Sharon and two of their three children, Kelly and Jack. A documentary about his life and career, God Bless Ozzy Osbourne, premiered in April 2011 at the Tribeca Film Festival and was released on DVD in November 2011.[3] Osbourne has achieved multi-platinum status as a solo artist and with Black Sabbath and has sold over 100 million albums worldwide.[4][5]
Contents |
Biography[link]
Early life[link]
John Michael "Ozzy" Osbourne was born in Aston, Birmingham, England, on 3 December 1948. His father Jack worked shifts as a toolmaker at GEC. His mother Lillian worked for the car components firm Lucas.[6][7] John was the fourth of six children. Ozzy had two brothers (Paul and Tony) and three sisters (Jean, Iris and Gillian); they lived in a small two bedroom home at 14 Lodge Road in Aston. The nickname "Ozzy" was first used when he was in primary school. Although called "John" by his first wife Thelma, Osbourne states that it has been a long time since he's recognised himself when called by his formal name.[8]
Osbourne grew up dealing with dyslexia and other learning disabilities.[9][10] General abuse from teachers at Prince Albert Road Junior School, and Birchfield Road Secondary Modern School in Perry Barr made his childhood difficult for him. Drawn to the stage, Osbourne took part in school plays such as The Pirates of Penzance. Upon hearing their first hit single at age 14, he became a great fan of The Beatles.[6][7] He left school at 15 and was then employed as a construction site labourer, trainee plumber, apprentice toolmaker, car factory horn-tuner and slaughterhouse worker.[6] He spent six weeks in Winson Green Prison when he was unable to pay a fine after being found guilty of burglary of a clothes shop.[6]
In late 1967, Geezer Butler formed his first band "Rare Breed" with Osbourne. The band played two shows then broke up. Separated for a time, Osbourne and Butler reunited in Polka Tulk Blues along with guitarist Tony Iommi and drummer Bill Ward. They renamed themselves Earth, but after being booked in error instead of a small-time English circuit band with the same name, they decided to change their name again. They finally chose the name Black Sabbath in early 1969 based on a film directed by Mario Bava, starring Boris Karloff.[11] The band had noticed how people enjoyed being frightened, and, inspired, Iommi and his partners decided to play a heavy blues style of music laced with gloomy sounds and lyrics.[11] While recording their first album in a castle, Geezer read an occult book and had a dream of a dark figure at the end of his bed. Butler told Osbourne about the dream and together they wrote the lyrics to "Black Sabbath", one of their first songs in a darker vein.[12]
Black Sabbath[link]
Main article: Black Sabbath
Despite only a modest investment from their US record label Warner Bros. Records, Black Sabbath met with swift and enduring success. Built around Tony Iommi's guitar riffs, Geezer Butler's lyrics, Bill Ward's dark tempo drumbeats, and topped by Osbourne's eerie vocals, early records such as their debut album Black Sabbath and Paranoid sold huge numbers, as well as getting considerable airplay. Osbourne recalls a band lament, "in those days, the band wasn't very popular with the women."[8]
Just five months after the release of Paranoid the band released Master of Reality. The album reached the top ten in both the US and UK, and was certified gold in less than two months.[13] In the 1980s it received platinum certification[13] and went Double Platinum in the early 21st century.[13] Reviews of the album were unfavorable. Lester Bangs of Rolling Stone dismissed Master of Reality as "naïve, simplistic, repetitive, absolute doggerel", although the very same magazine would later place the album at number 298 on their 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list, compiled in 2003.[14] Black Sabbath's Volume 4 was released in September 1972. Critics were again dismissive of the album, yet it achieved gold status in less than a month. It was the band's fourth consecutive release to sell a million copies in the US.[15][16]
In November 1973, Black Sabbath released the critically acclaimed Sabbath Bloody Sabbath. For the first time, the band received favourable reviews in the mainstream press. Gordon Fletcher of Rolling Stone called the album "an extraordinarily gripping affair", and "nothing less than a complete success".[17] AllMusic's Eduardo Rivadavia call the album a "masterpiece, essential to any heavy metal collection," while also claiming the band displayed "a newfound sense of finesse and maturity".[18] The album marked the band's fifth consecutive platinum selling album in the US.[19] Sabotage was released in July 1975. Again there were favourable reviews. Rolling Stone stated, "Sabotage is not only Black Sabbath's best record since Paranoid, it might be their best ever."[20] Allmusic was not so favourable. They noted that "the magical chemistry that made such albums as Paranoid and Volume 4 so special was beginning to disintegrate".[21] Technical Ecstasy, released on 25 September 1976, was also met with mixed reviews. AllMusic gave the album two stars, and noted that the band was "unravelling at an alarming rate".[22]
Departure[link]
In 1978, Osbourne left the band for three months to pursue interest in a solo project he called Blizzard of Ozz.[23][24] Three members of the band Necromandus, who had supported Black Sabbath in Birmingham when they were called Earth, did backup for Osbourne in the studio and briefly became the first incarnation of his solo band. At the request of the other members, Osbourne rejoined Sabbath.[25] The band spent five months at Sounds Interchange Studios in Toronto, Canada, writing and recording what would become Never Say Die! "It took quite a long time," Iommi said. "We were getting really drugged out, doing a lot of dope. We'd go down to the sessions, and have to pack up because we were too stoned, we'd have to stop. Nobody could get anything right, we were all over the place, everybody's playing a different thing. We'd go back and sleep it off, and try again the next day."[26]
Touring in support of Never Say Die! began in May 1978 with openers Van Halen. Reviewers called Black Sabbath's performance "tired and uninspired", in stark contrast to the "youthful" performance of Van Halen, who were touring the world for the first time.[27] The band filmed a performance at the Hammersmith Odeon in June 1978, which was later released on DVD as Never Say Die. The final show of the tour, and Osbourne's last appearance with the band (until later reunions) was in Albuquerque, New Mexico on 11 December.
In 1979, back in the studio, tensions and conflict between band members were present continually. Osbourne recalls being asked to record his vocals over and over, and tracks being manipulated endlessly by Iommi.[28] This was a point of contention between Osbourne and Iommi. At Iommi's insistence, and with the support of Butler and Ward, Osbourne was again fired from Black Sabbath. The reasons provided to him were that he was unreliable and had excessive substance abuse issues as compared to the other band members. Osbourne claims his drug use and alcohol consumption at that time were no better nor worse than that of the other band members.[29]
Conflict of a sort had existed between Iommi and Osbourne from the beginning. When responding to a flyer reading "Ozzy Zig Needs Gig- has own PA"[30] posted in a record store, Iommi and Ward arrived at the address listed to speak with Ozzy Zig. When Osbourne answered the door, Iommi left upon discovering it was him. He knew of and disliked Osbourne from back in their school days.[8] The band replaced him with former Rainbow singer Ronnie James Dio.[12]
Solo career[link]
In 1980, under the management of Osbourne's then girlfriend (later wife), Sharon Arden, the Ozzy Osbourne Band formed again as The Blizzard of Ozz. The first line-up of the band featured drummer Lee Kerslake (of Uriah Heep), bassist/lyricist Bob Daisley (of Rainbow and later Uriah Heep), keyboardist Don Airey, and guitarist Randy Rhoads (of Quiet Riot). The record company would eventually title the record Blizzard of Ozz credited simply under Osbourne's name. Co-written with Daisley and Rhoads, the album brought Osbourne considerable success on his first solo effort. The album sold very well with hard rock/heavy metal fans.[11] Though it is generally accepted that Osbourne and Rhoads started the band, bassist Daisley later claimed that he and Osbourne formed the band before Rhoads joined.[31]
Blizzard of Ozz is one of the very few albums amongst the 100 best selling albums of the 1980s to have achieved multi-platinum status without the benefit of a Top 40 single. As of August 1997, it achieved Quadruple Platinum status according to RIAA. The album is known for the globally recognised singles "Crazy Train" and "Mr. Crowley", and fan favourites "Goodbye to Romance" and "Revelation (Mother Earth)". Although Kerslake and Daisley are credited as the studio musicians for The Blizzard of Ozz, the touring band in support of the album consisted of Osbourne, Rhoads, Rudy Sarzo (Bass) and Tommy Aldridge (Drums).
Osbourne's second album, Diary of a Madman, featured more songs co-written with Bob Daisley. For his work on this album and Blizzard of Ozz, Randy Rhoads[11] was ranked the 85th greatest guitarist of all time by Rolling Stone magazine in 2003.[32] This album is known for the singles "Over the Mountain" and "Flying High Again"; additionally, Osbourne explains in his autobiography that Diary is his own personal favourite album.[8]
On 19 March 1982 while Rhoads was in Florida for the follow-up Diary of a Madman tour, and a week away from playing Madison Square Garden in New York City, a light aircraft piloted by Andrew Aycock (the band's tour bus driver) carrying guitarist Randy Rhoads crashed while performing low passes over the band's tour bus. In a prank turned deadly, the left wing of the aircraft clipped the bus, grazed a tree, and crashed into the attached garage of a nearby mansion killing Rhoads, Aycock, and the band's hairdresser, Rachel Youngblood. On autopsy, cocaine was found to be present in Aycock's urine.[citation needed] The crash was officially ruled the result of "poor judgement by the pilot in buzzing the bus and misjudging clearance of obstacles".[33] Experiencing firsthand the horrific death of his close friend and band mate, Osbourne fell into a deep depression.
Ex-Gillan guitarist Bernie Torme was the first guitarist to replace Randy once the tour resumed. Torme's tenure with the band would last less than one month. During an audition for guitarists in a hotel room, Osbourne selected Brad Gillis (who went on to be one of two guitarists in Night Ranger) to finish the tour. The tour culminated in the release of the 1982 live album, Speak of the Devil recorded at the Ritz in New York City. A live tribute album for Rhoads was also later released.
Despite the difficulties, Osbourne moved on after Rhoads' death. Speak of the Devil, known in the United Kingdom as Talk of the Devil, was originally planned to consist of live recordings from 1981, primarily from Osbourne's solo work. Under contract to produce a live album, it ended up consisting entirely of Black Sabbath covers recorded with Brad Gillis, bassist Rudy Sarzo, and drummer Tommy Aldridge. Osbourne later commented (inside the cover of "Tribute") "I don't give a fuck about that album. It was just a bunch of bullshit Sabbath covers."
In 1982, Osbourne appeared as lead vocalist on the Was (Not Was) pop dance track "Shake Your Head (Let's Go to Bed)." Madonna performed backing vocals. Osbourne's cut was remixed and re-released in the early 1990s for a Was (Not Was) greatest hits album in Europe, and it cracked the UK pop chart. Madonna asked that her vocal not be restored for the hits package, so new vocals by Kim Basinger were added to complement Osbourne's lead.
In 1983 a new guitarist was recruited to play with Osbourne. Jake E. Lee, formerly of Ratt and Rough Cutt, joined the band to record Bark at the Moon. The album, co-written with Bob Daisley, featured Tommy Aldridge, and former Rainbow keyboard player Don Airey. The album contains the fan favourite "Bark at the Moon". The music video for "Bark at the Moon" was partially filmed at the Holloway Sanitorium outside of London, England. Within weeks the album became certified gold. To date it has sold three million copies in the U.S.[34]
1986's The Ultimate Sin followed (with bassist Phil Soussan and drummer Randy Castillo), and touring behind both albums with ex-Uriah Heep keyboardist John Sinclair joining prior to the Ultimate Sin tour. A rich, bold album, it features "Shot in the Dark" and fan favourites "Killer of Giants", "Lightning Strikes", and "Secret Loser". At the time of its release, The Ultimate Sin was Osbourne's highest charting studio album. The RIAA awarded the album Platinum status on 14 May 1986, soon after its release; it was awarded Double Platinum status on 26 October 1994.[35]
Jake E. Lee and Osbourne parted ways in 1987. Osbourne continued to struggle with chemical dependency. That year he commemorated the fifth anniversary of Rhoads' death with Tribute, live recordings from 1981 that had gone unreleased for years. In 1988, Osbourne appeared in The Decline of Western Civilization II: The Metal Years and told the director, Penelope Spheeris, that "sobriety fucking sucks." Meanwhile, Osbourne found Zakk Wylde, who was the most enduring replacement for Rhoads to date. Together they recorded No Rest for the Wicked with Castillo on drums, Sinclair on keyboards, and Daisley co-writing lyrics and playing bass. The subsequent tour saw Osbourne reunited with erstwhile Black Sabbath bandmate Geezer Butler on bass. A live EP (entitled Just Say Ozzy) featuring Geezer was released two years later. Butler continued to tour with Osbourne for the subsequent four tours, and was a major stage presence throughout. In 1989, Ozzy Osbourne performed at the Moscow Music Peace Festival.
While very successful as a heavy metal act through the 1980s, Osbourne sustained commercial success into the 1990s, starting with 1991's No More Tears. The album enjoyed much radio and MTV exposure. It also initiated a practice of bringing in outside composers to help pen Osbourne's solo material instead of relying solely upon his recording ensemble to write and arrange the music. The album was mixed by veteran rock producer Michael Wagener. Osbourne was awarded his only solo Grammy for the track "I Don't Want to Change the World" from live album Live and Loud for Best Metal Performance of 1994.[36]
Wagener also mixed the live album Live and Loud released in 28 June 1993. At the time, it was to be Osbourne's final album. The album went platinum four times over,[37] and ranked at number 10 on that year's Billboard rock charts. At this point Osbourne expressed his fatigue with the process of touring, and proclaimed his "retirement tour" (which was to be short-lived). It was called "No More Tours", a pun on his No More Tears album. Prior to the tour Mike Inez took over on bass and Kevin Jones on keyboards as Sinclair was touring with The Cult. Osbourne's entire CD catalogue was remastered and reissued in 1995.
In 1995, Osbourne released Ozzmosis and returned to touring, dubbing his concert performances "The Retirement Sucks Tour". The album reached number 4 on the US Billboard 200. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified the album gold and platinum in that same year, and double platinum in April 1999.[38] The album features the hard rocking fan favourites "Perry Mason", "Ghost Behind My Eyes", "Thunder Underground", and the power ballad "See You on the Other Side".
The line-up on Ozzmosis was Zakk Wylde, Geezer Butler (who had just quit Black Sabbath again) and ex-Bad English, Steve Vai and Hardline drummer Deen Castronovo, now in Journey. Keyboards were played by Yes's Rick Wakeman and producer Michael Beinhorn. The tour maintained Butler and Castronovo and saw Sinclair return, but a major line-up change was the introduction of ex-David Lee Roth guitarist Joe Holmes. Wylde was considering an offer to join Guns N' Roses. Unable to wait for a decision on Wylde's departure decision, Osbourne replaced him. In early 1996, Butler and Castronovo left. Mike Inez (Alice In Chains) and Randy Castillo (Lita Ford, Mötley Crüe) filled in. Ultimately, Faith No More's Mike Bordin and ex-Suicidal Tendencies bassist Robert Trujillo joined on drums and bass respectively. A greatest hits package, The Ozzman Cometh was issued in 1997.
Ozzfest[link]
Osbourne's biggest financial success of the 1990s was a venture named Ozzfest, created and managed by his wife/manager Sharon and assisted by his son Jack. The first Ozzfest was held in Phoenix, Arizona on 25 October 1996 and in Devore, California on 26 October. Ozzfest was an instant hit with metal fans, spiralling many up-and-coming groups who were featured there to broad exposure and commercial success. Some acts shared the bill with a reformed Black Sabbath during the 1997 Ozzfest tour, beginning in West Palm Beach, Florida. Osbourne reunited with the original members of Sabbath in 1997 and has performed periodically with them ever since. Ozzfest reinstated the integrity and public familiarity with the band name Black Sabbath.
Since its beginning, five million people have attended Ozzfest, which has grossed over US$100 million. The festival helped promote many new hard rock and heavy metal acts of the late 1990s and early 2000s. Ozzfest helped Osbourne to become the first hard rock and heavy metal star to hit $50 million in merchandise sales. In 2005, Osbourne and his wife Sharon starred in an MTV competition reality show entitled "Battle for Ozzfest". A number of yet unsigned bands send one member to compete in a challenge to win a spot on the 2005 Ozzfest and a possible recording contract. Shortly after Ozzfest 2005, Osbourne announced that he will no longer headline Ozzfest. Although he announced his retirement from Ozzfest, Osbourne came back headlining the tour. In 2006 Ozzy closed the event for just over half the concerts, leaving the others to be closed by System of a Down. He also played the closing act for the second stage at Shoreline Amphitheatre in Mountain View, CA on 1 July as well as Randall's Island, NY on 29 July. After the concert in Bristol, Virginia, Osbourne announced he would return for another year of Ozzfest in 2007.
Tickets for the 2007 tour were offered to fans free of charge, which led to some controversy. In 2008, Ozzfest was reduced to a one-day event in Dallas, Texas, where Osbourne played, along with Metallica and King Diamond. In 2010, Ozzy appeared as the headliner closing the show after opening acts Halford and Mötley Crüe. The tour, though small (only six U.S. venues and 1 U.K. venue were played), generated raves from fans and reviewers: "Ozzy Osbourne is one of the greatest entertainers in history—regardless of genre or medium." --Artist Direct, 16 August 2010[39] "...we the eager maniacs of metal give OZZY the horns up for yet another blistering day of metal on two stages. " --Hard Rock Haven, 9 September 2010[40][41] “Ozzfest rises up again, exceeding expectations...” --ORANGE COUNTY REGISTER, 16 August 2010[42]
2000s[link]
Down to Earth, Osbourne's first album of new studio material in seven years, was released on 16 October 2001. A live version filmed in Japan, Live at Budokan followed. Down to Earth went gold in 2001, and platinum in 2003. The album features the fan favourite "Dreamer," a song which peaked at number 10 on Billboard's Mainstream Rock Tracks.[43] In June 2002, Osbourne performed the Black Sabbath anthem "Paranoid" at the Party at the Palace concert in the grounds of Buckingham Palace, an event in commemoration of the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II.[44] In 2003, Osbourne recruited former Metallica bassist Jason Newsted after he left the band in 2000 (and Trujillo replaced him on Metallica's line-up). Both Newsted and Osbourne were enthusiastic about recording an album together.
On 8 December 2003, Osbourne was rushed into emergency surgery at Wexham Park Hospital in Slough, England when he had an accident with his all-terrain vehicle on his estate in Jordans, Buckinghamshire. Osbourne broke his collar bone, eight ribs, and a neck vertebra. An operation was performed to lift the collarbone, which was believed to be resting on a major artery and interrupting blood flow to the arm. Sharon later revealed that Osbourne had stopped breathing following the crash and was resuscitated by Osbourne's then personal bodyguard, Sam Ruston. While in hospital, Osbourne achieved his first ever UK number one single, a duet of the Black Sabbath ballad, "Changes" with daughter Kelly. In doing so, he broke the record of the longest period between an artist's first UK chart appearance (with Black Sabbath's "Paranoid", number four in August 1970) and their first number one hit: a gap of 33 years. Since the quad accident, aside from some short-term memory problems, he fully recovered and headlined the 2004 Ozzfest, in the reunited Black Sabbath.
In 2005, Osbourne released a box set called Prince of Darkness. The first and second discs are collections of live performances, B-sides, demos and singles. The third disc contained duets and other odd tracks with other artists, including "Born to Be Wild" with Miss Piggy. The fourth disc is entirely new material where Osbourne covers his favourite songs by his biggest influences and favourite bands, including The Beatles, John Lennon, David Bowie and others.
In March 2006, he said that he hoped to release a new studio album soon with long time on-off guitarist, Zakk Wylde of Black Label Society. In October 2006, it was announced that Tony Iommi, Ronnie James Dio, Vinny Appice, and Geezer Butler would be touring together again, though not as Black Sabbath, but under the moniker Heaven and Hell (the title of Dio's first Black Sabbath album). The response to the news on Osbourne's website was that Osbourne wished Tony and Ronnie well and that there is only one Sabbath. Osbourne's album, titled Black Rain, was released on 22 May 2007. Osbourne's first new studio album in almost six years, it featured a more serious tone than previous albums. "I thought I'd never write again without any stimulation...But you know what? Instead of picking up the bottle I just got honest and said, 'I don't want life to go (to pieces)'", Osbourne stated in a Billboard interview.[45]
Osbourne revealed in July 2009 that he was currently seeking a new guitar player. While he states that he has not fallen out with Zakk Wylde, he said he felt his songs were beginning to sound like Black Label Society and fancied a change.[46] In August 2009, Osbourne performed at the gaming festival BlizzCon with a new guitarist in his line-up Gus G.[47] Osbourne also provided his voice and likeness to the video game Brütal Legend character The Guardian of Metal.[48] In November, Slash featured Osbourne on vocals in his single "Crucify The Dead",[49] and Osbourne with wife Sharon were guest hosts on WWE Monday Night Raw.[50] In December, Osbourne announced he would be releasing a new album titled Soul Sucka with Gus G, Tommy Clufetos on drums, and Blasko on bass.[51] Negative fan feedback was brought to Osbourne's attention regarding the album title. In respect of fan opinion, on 29 March Osbourne announced his album would be renamed Scream.[52]
2010s[link]
On 13 April 2010, Osbourne announced the release date for Scream would be 15 June 2010.[53] The release date was later changed to 22 June. A single from the album, "Let Me Hear You Scream," debuted on 14 April 2010 episode of CSI: NY. The song spent 8 weeks on the Billboard Rock Songs, peaking at #7. Osbourne held a Meet-And-Greet album signing at the main branch of HMV in his home-town Birmingham, followed later that day by an intimate show in the Birmingham Town Hall. The first four hundred fans that arrived at the store earlier in the day were given wrist bands, enabling free access to the show.
On 9 August, Ozzy announced that the second single from the album would be "Life Won't Wait" and the video for the song would be directed by his son Jack. When asked of his opinions on Scream in an interview, Osbourne announced that he is "already thinking about the next album". Osbourne's current drummer, Tommy Clufetos, has reflected this sentiment, saying that ""We are already coming up with new ideas backstage, in the hotel rooms and at soundcheck and have a bunch of ideas recorded"[54]
Black Sabbath reunion[link]
It was announced on 11 November 2011 during a news conference at the Sunset Strip club Whisky a Go Go that the original Black Sabbath line up of Ozzy, Tony Iommi, Geezer Butler, and Bill Ward would reunite for a world tour and new album, which will be produced by Rick Rubin.[55]
Other work[link]
Osbourne achieved greater celebrity status via his own brand of reality television. The Osbournes, a series featuring the domestic life of Osbourne and his family (wife Sharon, children Jack and Kelly, occasional appearances from his son Louis, but eldest daughter Aimee did not participate). The program became one of MTV's greatest hits. It premiered on 5 March 2002, and the final episode aired 21 March 2005. To this day Osbourne refuses to watch any episodes, claiming he was stoned during the entire filming.[56]
The success of The Osbournes led Osbourne and the rest of his family to host the 30th Annual American Music Awards in January 2003.[57][58] The night was marked with constant "bleeping" due to some of the lewd and raunchy remarks made by Ozzy and Sharon Osbourne. Presenter Patricia Heaton walked out midway in disgust.[59] On 20 February 2008, Ozzy, Sharon, Kelly and Jack Osbourne hosted the 2008 BRIT Awards held at Earls Court, London.[60][61] Ozzy Osbourne appears in a commercial for the online video game World of Warcraft.[62] Osbourne is a supporter of English football club Aston Villa, growing up in the Aston area close to Villa Park.[63]
Osbourne published an autobiography in October 2009, titled I Am Ozzy.[29] Osbourne says ghost writer Chris Ayres told the singer he has enough material for a second book. A movie adaptation of I Am Ozzy is also in the works, and Osbourne says he hopes "an unknown guy from England" will get the role over an established actor. His son Jack worked on and released a documentary about Osbourne's life and career called God Bless Ozzy.[64] Osbourne made an appearance at the 30 October 2010 Rally to Restore Sanity and/or Fear in Washington D.C.
Awards[link]
Ozzy Osbourne has been awarded several times for his contributions to the music community. In 1994, he was awarded a Grammy Award for the track "I Don't Want to Change the World" from Live & Loud for Best Metal Performance of 1994.[36] At the 2004 NME Awards in London, Ozzy received the award for Godlike Genius.[65] In 2005, Ozzy was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame both as a solo artist and as a member of Black Sabbath.[66] In 2006, he was inducted into the US Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with Black Sabbath band mates Tony Iommi, Bill Ward, and Geezer Butler.[67]
In 2007, Osbourne was honoured at the second annual VH1 Rock Honors, along with Genesis, Heart, and ZZ Top. In addition, that year a bronze star honouring Osbourne was placed on Broad Street in Birmingham, England while Osbourne watched.[68] On 18 May Osbourne had received notice that he would be the first inductee into The Birmingham Walk of Stars. He was presented the award by the Lord Mayor of Birmingham. "I am really honoured," he said, "All my family is here and I thank everyone for this reception – I'm absolutely knocked out".[68]
In 2008, Osbourne was crowned with the prestigious Living Legend award in the Classic Rock Roll of Honor. Past recipients include Alice Cooper, Lemmy, Jimmy Page. Slash, the former Guns N' Roses guitarist, presented the award.[69] In 2010, Osbourne won the "Literary Achievement" honour for his memoir, I Am Ozzy, at the Guys Choice Awards at Sony Pictures Studio in Culver City, California. Osbourne was presented with the award by Sir Ben Kingsley. The book debuted at No. 2 on the New York Times' hardcover non-fiction best-seller list.[70] Osbourne was also a judge for the 6th and 10th annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists' careers.[71]
Personal life[link]
Osbourne has been married twice and is the father of six children (five biological, and one adopted). He was first married to Thelma Riley (now a teacher in Leicestershire) and adopted her son, Elliot Kingsley (1966); together they had Jessica Starshine Osbourne Hobbs (20 January 1972) and Louis John Osbourne (1975).[citation needed]
He later married Sharon Arden and had three children with her. They are Aimee Osbourne (2 September 1983), Kelly Osbourne (27 October 1984) and Jack Osbourne (8 November 1985). They also took in family friend Robert Marcato after his mother died, but never legally adopted him. Osbourne also has five grandchildren, granddaughter Isabelle and grandson Harry from Jessica, granddaughter Mia and grandson Elijah from Louis and granddaughter Pearl from Jack[72]. He wrote a song for his daughter Aimee, which appeared as a B-side on the album Ozzmosis. He divides his time between Los Angeles and Buckinghamshire.[citation needed]
It was reported by the New York Times in 1992 that Osbourne was a member of the Church of England and prayed before each show.[73] In 2002, Osbourne and wife Sharon were invited to the White House Correspondents' Association dinner by Fox News Channel correspondent Greta Van Susteren for that year's event. President Bush noted Osbourne's presence by joking: "The thing about Ozzy is, he's made a lot of big hit recordings – 'Party with the Animals', 'Sabbath, Bloody Sabbath', 'Facing Hell', 'Black Skies' and 'Bloodbath in Paradise'. Ozzy, Mom loves your stuff."[74]
Ozzy and Sharon Osbourne are one of the UK's richest couples, according to the Sunday Times Rich List. They ranked at number 458 in 2005, with an estimated £100 million earned from recording, touring and TV shows. Osbourne has over 15 tattoos, the most famous of which are the letters O-Z-Z-Y across the knuckles of his left hand. This was his first tattoo, created by himself as a teenager with a sewing needle and pencil lead.[6]
Drug and alcohol abuse[link]
Osbourne has abused drugs and alcohol for most of his life.[75] Although clean and sober now,[76] Osbourne has frequently commented on his former wild lifestyle, puzzled at how he has survived 40 years of abuse.[77] Upon being fired from Black Sabbath in 1979, Osbourne spent the next three months locked in his hotel room taking vast amounts of drugs and alcohol all day, every day.[78] He claims that he would certainly have died if his future wife Sharon Osbourne (née Arden) had not offered to manage him as a solo artist.[79]
In 1982 while wearing his future wife Sharon's dress because she had hidden his clothes, Osbourne drunkenly urinated on a cenotaph erected in honour of those who died at the Alamo in Texas, across the street from the actual building.[80] A police officer arrested him,[81] and Osbourne was subsequently banned from the city of San Antonio for a decade.[82] He was later arrested May 1984 in Memphis, Tennessee, again for public intoxication.[83] In 1984, Osbourne toured with Mötley Crüe. The tour is known as one of the "craziest drug and alcohol-fuelled tours in the history of rock and roll".[78] It is rumoured that while heavily intoxicated, Osbourne snorted a line of ants, in competition with Nikki Sixx of Mötley Crüe, who had set fire to himself the night before.[84]
Osbourne experienced tremors for some years and linked them to his continuous drug abuse. In May 2005 he found out it was actually Parkin Syndrome, a genetic condition, the symptoms of which are very similar to Parkinson's disease. Osbourne will have to take daily medication for the rest of his life to combat the involuntary shudders associated with the condition.[85] Osbourne has also shown symptoms of mild hearing loss, as depicted in the television show, The Osbournes, where he often asks his family to repeat what they say. At the TEDMED Conference in October 2010, scientists from Knome joined Osbourne on stage to discuss their analysis of Osbourne’s whole genome, which shed light on how the famously hard-living rocker has survived decades of drug abuse.[86]
Controversy[link]
Early in his career, Christian groups accused Osbourne of being a negative influence for teenagers, and that rock music was used to glorify Satanism. Scholar Christopher M. Moreman compared the controversy to those levelled against the occultist Aleister Crowley. Both were demonised by the media and some religious groups for their antics. Osbourne tempts the comparison with his song "Mr. Crowley". Both Osbourne and Crowley enjoyed the infamy of being labelled Satanists, though Osbourne firmly denies the charge and has said that he is a member of the Church of England.[87][88]
In 1981, after signing his first solo career record deal, Osbourne bit the head off a dove during a meeting with some record-company executives in Los Angeles.[89] Apparently he had planned to release doves into the air as a sign of peace, but due to being intoxicated at the time, he instead grabbed a dove and bit its head off. He then spat the head out,[89][90] with blood still dripping from his lips. Despite its controversy, the head-biting act has been parodied and alluded to several times throughout his career and is part of what made Ozzy Osbourne famous.[81]
On 20 January 1982, Osbourne bit the head off a bat[91] he thought was rubber while performing at the Veterans Memorial Auditorium in Des Moines, Iowa. Rolling Stone magazine in 2004 ranked this incident number two on its list of "Rock's Wildest Myths."[92] While the Rolling Stone article stated the bat was alive, the teen who threw it onto the stage said it was brought to the show dead.[89] According to Osbourne in the booklet to the 2002 edition of Diary of a Madman, the bat was not only alive but managed to bite him, resulting in Osbourne being treated for rabies.
In 1985, California teenager John McCollum committed suicide while listening to Ozzy Osbourne's "Suicide Solution." The song deals with the dangers of alcohol abuse. McCollum's suicide led to allegations that Osbourne promoted suicide in his songs. Despite knowing McCollum suffered clinical depression, his parents sued Ozzy Osbourne (McCollum v. CBS[93]) for their son's death, claiming the lyrics in the song, "Where to hide, suicide is the only way out. Don't you know what it's really about?" convinced McCollum to commit suicide. The family's lawyer suggested that Osbourne should be criminally charged for encouraging a young person to commit suicide, but the courts ruled in Osbourne's favour, saying there was no connection between the song and McCollum's suicide. Osbourne was sued for the same reason in 1991 (Waller v. Osbourne), by the parents of Michael Waller, for $9 million, but the courts ruled in Osbourne's favour again.[94] One critic claims that Osbourne sings "Get the gun, get the gun, shoot, shoot, shoot," a charge firmly denied by Osbourne.
In lawsuits filed in 2000 and 2002 which were dismissed by the courts in 2003, former session musicians Bob Daisley, Lee Kerslake, and Phil Soussan claimed that Osbourne was delinquent in paying them royalties and had denied them due credit on albums they played on.[95][96] In November 2003, a Federal Appeals Court unanimously upheld the dismissal by the United States District Court in Los Angeles of the lawsuit brought by Daisley and Kerslake. The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ruled that Osbourne does not owe any royalties or credit to the former session musicians, who were let go in 1981.[97] To resolve further issues, management chose to replace Daisley and Kerslake's contributions on the original masters, replacing them with Robert Trujillo on bass and Mike Bordin on drums. The albums were then reissued.[98]
In July 2010, Osbourne and Iommi decided to discontinue the court proceedings over ownership of the Black Sabbath trademark. As reported to Blabbermouth, "Both parties are glad to put this behind them and to cooperate for the future and would like it to be known that the issue was never personal, it was always business."[99]
Band members[link]
Main article: List of Ozzy Osbourne band members
- Current members (as of 2010)
- Rob "Blasko" Nicholson – bass (2003, 2006–present)
- Adam Wakeman – keyboards, rhythm guitar (2004–present)
- Gus G. – lead guitar (2009–present)
- Tommy Clufetos – drums, percussion (2009–present)
- Recording timeline
| Role | Album | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blizzard of Ozz (1980) |
Diary of a Madman (1981) |
Bark at the Moon (1983) |
The Ultimate Sin (1986) |
No Rest for the Wicked (1988) |
No More Tears (1991) |
Ozzmosis (1995) |
Down to Earth (2001) |
Black Rain (2007) |
Scream (2010) |
|
| Guitars | Randy Rhoads | Jake E. Lee | Zakk Wylde | Gus G. | ||||||
| Bass | Bob Daisley | Phil Soussan | Bob Daisley | Geezer Butler | Robert Trujillo | Rob Nicholson | ||||
| Drums | Lee Kerslake | Tommy Aldridge | Randy Castillo | Deen Castronovo | Mike Bordin | Tommy Clufetos | ||||
| Keyboards | Don Airey | Johnny Cook | Don Airey | Mike Moran | John Sinclair | Rick Wakeman | Tim Palmer/Michael Railo | Zakk Wylde | Adam Wakeman | |
Discography[link]
Main article: Ozzy Osbourne discography
- Solo albums
- Blizzard of Ozz (1980)
- Diary of a Madman (1981)
- Speak of the Devil (1982)
- Bark at the Moon (1983)
- The Ultimate Sin (1986)
- No Rest for the Wicked (1988)
- No More Tears (1991)
- Ozzmosis (1995)
- Down to Earth (2001)
- Black Rain (2007)
- Scream (2010)
 |
Book: Black Sabbath |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
References[link]
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- ^ a b c d e Sue Crawford (2003),"Ozzy Unauthorized" ISBN 978-1-84317-016-7
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External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ozzy Osbourne |
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Ozzy Osbourne |
- Ozzy Osbourne at the Internet Movie Database
- The Official Ozzy Osbourne Website
- Ozzfest Information
- Ozzy Osbourne Live Photo Gallery
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Ozzy Osbourne |
| Alternative names | John Michael Osbourne |
| Short description | Musician, songwriter |
| Date of birth | 3 December 1948 |
| Place of birth | Aston, Birmingham, West Midlands, England |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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http://ru.wn.com/Осборн, Оззи
http://nl.wn.com/Ozzy Osbourne
http://pl.wn.com/Ozzy Osbourne
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
