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Coordinates: 51°27′43″N 0°29′51″E / 51.4619°N 0.4975°E / 51.4619; 0.4975

Cliffe
Cliffe  Cliffe shown within Kent
OS grid reference	TQ7347976679
Civil parish	Cliffe and Cliffe Woods
District	Medway
Shire county	Kent
Region	South East
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	ROCHESTER
Postcode district	ME3
Dialling code	01634
Police	Kent
Fire	Kent
Ambulance	South East Coast
EU Parliament	South East England
UK Parliament	Rochester and Strood
List of places: UK • England • Kent

Cliffe (sometimes known as Cliffe-at-Hoo) is a village on the Hoo peninsula in Kent, England, reached from the Medway Towns by a three-mile journey along the B2000. Situated upon a low chalk escarpment overlooking the Thames marshes, Cliffe offers the adventurous rambler views of Southend-on-Sea and London. It forms part of the parish of Cliffe and Cliffe Woods in the borough of Medway.

In 774 Offa, King of Mercia, built a rustic wooden church dedicated to St Helen, a popular Mercian saint who was by legend the daughter of Coel ('Old king Cole') of Colchester.

Cliffe is cited in early records as having been called Clive and Cloveshoo (Cliffe-at-Hoo).

The ancient Saxon town of Cloveshoo[link]

Clovesho, or Clofeshoch, was an ancient Saxon town, in Mercia and near London,^[1] where the Anglo-Saxon Church is recorded as holding the important Councils of Clovesho between 742 and 825. These had representation from the archbishopric of Canterbury and the whole English church south of the Humber.

The location of Cloveshoo has never been successfully identified however, although Cliffe could have been the location.

1200—1800[link]

St Helen's church at Cliffe was built about 1260 and was constructed in the local style of alternating layers of Kent ragstone and squared black flint. It is one of the largest parish churches in Kent, and the only dedicated to St Helen, the size of the church revealing its past importance.

Above the porch is a muniments room containing important historical documents.

During the 14th century Cliffe was the site of a farm owned by the monks of Christ's Church, Canterbury, when the village had a population of about 3,000.

In the late Middle Ages the village of Cliffe supported a port, which thrived until a disastrous fire in 1520 stifled its growth, marking a period of decline, accentuated by the silting of the marshes of the Thames estuary. Nevertheless, during the 16th century, Cliffe-at-Hoo was still considered a town. However, by the middle of the 19th century the population had slumped to about 900.

In 1824, construction of the Thames and Medway Canal was begun, providing work for able-bodied villagers and other labourers who came to the area, increasing the population once again.

The canal project was a short-lived enterprise, however, superseded by the development of the railways, but the route, including the Higham and Strood tunnel (2.25 miles in length, in two sections) was used by South Eastern Railway from 1845, bringing a branch line to Cliffe in 1882.

Henry Pye[link]

Even in 1895 the number of people contracting malaria was high but casualties begun reducing sharply after the farmer, Henry Pye, came to the area and systematically begun the drainage of the farmland and marshes thus eliminating the fever. He drained such a large area of the marsh and so improved the grazing pastures that he was called 'King of the Hundreds'.

Henry Pye was an innovator in farming practices promoting the use of Aveling and Porter steam engines, locally built in Rochester, for use in ploughing and threshing. In 1878, with other farmers Pye met with the South Eastern Railway Company and petitioned for a railway to be built, resulting in the establishment of the 'Hundred of Hoo Railway Company'. The first part of the line was opened in March 1882, running from Cliffe to Sharnal Street.

Victorian Cliffe[link]

The rise of the Kent cement industry brought a new prosperity to the ancient settlement during the Victorian era.

Alfred Francis (second son of Charles), with his son, established the firm of Francis and Co. at the Nine Elms office at Vauxhall, London, and then built the cement works at Cliffe in about 1860. Francis and Co instituted the Nine Elms cement works . These works were built on Cliffe marsh, to the west of the village where the chalk cliffs came almost to within a mile of the River Thames. The area also proved a useful source of clay.

Alfred Francis died in 1871, but in partnership his son continued to produce 'Portland, Roman, Medina, and Parian cement, Portland stucco and Plaster of Paris', also shipping chalk, flints and fire bricks, from the site.

The riverside location provided ease of transport and wharves were duly built at the mouth of Cliffe creek. A canal was constructed from the works, which gave its name to a tavern built nearby, now long demolished but remembered as the Canal Tavern.

1870-1 saw further developments to the cement works, which were rebuilt and extended, with an elaborate tramway added. Methods of extracting the chalk were basic, involving the labourer being suspended by a rope (around his waist) secured at the cliff top, from which position he would hack out the chalk, so that it fell to the ground below to be collected in a waiting railway wagon.

Further to the north of the Francis and Co works near the river, an explosive works (Curtis & Harvey) opened in 1901. Over the factories' 20-year history 16 people were to lose their lives in explosions.

Francis and Co was taken over about 1900 by the British Portland Cement Company, but after the Great War the cement works began to decline, and was finally phased out in 1920-1.

By 1901 the population of Cliffe had exceeded three thousand.

Alpha cement works[link]

Near the Francis works in 1910 began the Alpha Cement works, part of the Thames Portland Cement Company. The Alpha works were about a mile from the river and included a Goshead aerial cableway which ran alongside the road constructed by the soldiers of Cliffe fort, then disused.

Alpha continued after the closure of the Francis works, which it took over in 1934. With this amalgamation an additional railway was added in 1935 to replace the cableway, linking the works with the quayside next to the fort.

The Alpha site, however, became exhausted by 1950, and further digging led to extensive flooding, as quarrying exceeded the depth of the water table. These quarries, still flooded, offer havens for wildlife, and are among the few surviving that have not been used for rubbish infill or otherwise developed.

A second quarry was begun to the north of Salt Lane, which is still the main access road to Cliffe from the cement works area, on the very edge of the marshes.

By the late 1950s the cement industry in the area was owned by the APCM, which had added a further railway line to the Hundred of Hoo railway, giving the cement manufacturers direct access to the main railway network. The works at Cliffe shut on 1 April 1970, with no further space available for quarrying, but the APCM recreation ground in the centre of the village has remained a valuable open space, with pitches for football, cricket, tennis and bowls.

In 1970 the cement industry was replaced by the Marinex gravel company, whose fleet of ships dredged gravel from the Thames estuary.

The chalk quarry to the south side of Salt Lane is now a wildfowl reserve. In addition, it offers fishing and diving. The water is around fifty to sixty feet deep in parts and divers explore the bed of the old quarry and other underwater features www.bucklandlake.com

Cliffe Rectory[link]

Old Cliffe Rectory is some two miles inland from St Helen's Church, supposedly to preserve its inhabitants from the malaria on the marshes. It has housed two chancellors of the exchequer, two archbishops, three deans and 11 archdeacons. Nicholas Heath, Bishop of Rochester and Bishop of Worcester also lived at the rectory. The 'living' at Cliffe in the 17th century was described as 'one of the prizes of the church'.

Susanna, the daughter of Samuel Annesley, who married the Reverend Samuel Wesley, father of John Wesley, founder of the Wesleyans, also lived at Cliffe Rectory.^{[citation needed]}

The new rectory is within sight of the church.

Rye Farm[link]

The Grade II-listed barn at Rye Farm, in Common Lane, Cliffe dates from the 1570s. It is described as a 16th-century Grade II barn "with archaic details." Beneath its present asbestos roof is a timber framed three bay barn with weatherboarded walls and a traditional hipped roof. It includes an ancient wagon porch.

Cliffe Fort[link]

Cliffe Fort in 2007

The Brennan torpedo tracks at Cliffe Fort.

Cliffe Fort is a Royal Commission fort built in the 1860s on the edge of the marshes to protect against invasion via the Thames. A Brennan Torpedo station was added in 1890, the rails of which are still visible at low water, and was used as an anti-aircraft battery in World War II. It is now inside a gravel extraction site and is inaccessible and very overgrown, but can be viewed from the riverside path.

Cliffe airport[link]

In 2002 the government identified a site at Cliffe as the leading contender among potential sites for a new airport for London.^[2] In December 2003 the government decided against the Cliffe proposal on the grounds that the costs of a coastal site were too high, and there was a significant risk that the airport would not be well used.^[3]

The Hans Egede[link]

The Hans Egede in 2007

A prominent feature where the marshes meet the river for many years, The Hans Egede was a wooden, auxiliary 3-masted ship, built in 1922 by J. Th. Jorgensen at Thuro, Denmark. It was reported damaged by fire on 21 August 1955 and towed to Dover where the fire was extinguished.

In 1957 she passed into the ownership of the Atlas Diesel Co. and was towed out of Dover by the tug Westercock. She then spent some years in the Medway as a coal and/or grain hulk. She was then towed to Cubitt Town on the Thames. As the tug Fossa from Gravesend was towing her up Sea Reach the strain on the structure, which had become weakened over the years, proved too much, causing her to take in water and sink. After grounding on the Blyth Sands she was beached at Cliffe.

Film and media[link]

Cliffe marshes stood in for the paddy fields of Vietnam in Stanley Kubrick's 1987 film Full Metal Jacket.^[4]

References[link]

• Perry Haines RSPB.
• Shamel Hundred. D.S. Worsdale.
• Adrian Gray, Isle of Grain Railways

Notes[link]

1. ^ Bede, ed. Plummer, II, 214.
2. ^ Scott Wilson (2002). Preliminary site search of options for new airport capacity to serve the south east and east of England: final report and appendices. DfT. http://www.dft.gov.uk/about/dftpubdatabase/pubs2002/prelimsitesearchfinalreprtappen/. 
3. ^ "The Future of Air Transport" (pdf). 2003-12-01. http://www.dft.gov.uk/about/strategy/whitepapers/air/. Retrieved 2009-01-16. ^{[dead link]}
4. ^ http://www.mattanddebz.com/full-metal-jacket/http://www.fast-rewind.com/locations_fullmetaljacket.htm.

External links[link]

• Cliffe and Cliffe Woods Parish Council
• Cliffe village website
• Buckland Lake website
• Listed Buildings on the site of the proposed airport at Cliffe
• Cliffe Fort

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Cliffe

Guy Lombardo
Guy Lombardo, photographed by William Paul Gottlieb, 1947
Born	Gaetano Alberto Lombardo (1902-06-19)June 19, 1902 London, Ontario
Died	November 5, 1977(1977-11-05) (aged 75) Houston, Texas
Nationality	Canadian/American
Occupation	Bandleader Violinist
Years active	1924–1977

Gaetano Alberto "Guy" Lombardo (June 19, 1902 – November 5, 1977) was a Canadian-American bandleader and violinist.

Forming "The Royal Canadians" in 1924 with his brothers Carmen, Lebert, and Victor and other musicians from his hometown, Lombardo led the group to international success, billing themselves as creating "The Sweetest Music This Side of Heaven." The Lombardos are believed to have sold between 100 and 300 million phonograph records during their lifetimes.^[1]

Early life[link]

Lombardo was born in London, Ontario to Italian-Canadian immigrants, Gaetano Sr. and Lena Lombardo. His father, who had immigrated to Canada from Italy and worked as a tailor, was an amateur singer with a baritone voice and had four of his five sons learn to play instruments so they could accompany him. Lombardo and his brothers formed their first orchestra while still in grammar school and rehearsed in the back of their father's tailor shop. ^[2] Lombardo first performed in public with his brother Carmen at a church lawn party in London in 1914.^[3] His first recording session took place where trumpeter Bix Beiderbecke made his legendary recordings—in Richmond, Indiana, at the Gennett Studios—both during early 1924.

Career[link]

After that solitary Gennett session, they recorded two sessions for Brunswick (a rejected session in Cleveland in late 1926 and an issued session for Vocalion in early 1927). The band then signed to Columbia and recorded prolifically between 1927 and 1931. In early 1932, they signed to Brunswick and continued their success through 1934 when they signed to Decca (1934–1935). They then signed to Victor in later 1935 and stayed until mid 1938 when again they signed to Decca.

In 1938, Lombardo became a naturalized citizen of the United States.

Although Lombardo's "sweet" big-band music was viewed by some in the jazz and big-band community of the day as "corny", trumpeter Louis Armstrong famously enjoyed Lombardo's music.^[1]

New Year's Eve Radio and TV Programs[link]

Guy Lombardo is best known for almost a half-century of New Year's Eve broadcasts, first on radio, and then on television. Lombardo's orchestra played at the "Roosevelt Grill" in the Roosevelt Hotel in New York City from 1929 to 1959, and their New Year's Eve performances (which continued with Lombardo until 1976 at the Waldorf Astoria). Broadcasts of their performances were a major part of New Year's celebrations across North America.

The band's first New Year's Eve radio broadcast was in 1928; within a few years, they would be heard on the CBS Radio Network before 12 Midnight Eastern time, then on the NBC Radio Network after 12 Midnight EST.

On December 31st, 1956, the Lombardo band did their first New Year's TV special on CBS; the program (and Lombardo's 20 subsequent New Year's Eve TV shows) would include a live segment from Times Square (long the focal point of America's New Year's Eve celebrations) showcasing the arrival of the New Year. During the early years, pioneer broadcast journalist Robert Trout reported from Times Square; in later years, another longtime newsman, Ben Grauer, reported from Times Square.

While CBS carried most of the Lombardo New Year's specials, there were a few years in the late 1960's and early 1970's when the special was syndicated live to individual TV stations instead of being broadcast on a network.

By the middle 1970's, the Lombardo TV show was facing competition, especially for younger viewers, from Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve, but Lombardo remained popular among viewers, especially older ones.

Even after Lombardo's death, the band's New Year's specials continued for two more years on CBS. The Royal Canadians were noted for playing the traditional song Auld Lang Syne as part of the celebrations. Their recording of the song still plays as the first song of the new year in Times Square.

Other pursuits[link]

Lombardo was also an important figure in hydroplane speedboat racing, winning the Gold Cup in 1946 in his record-breaking speedboat, Tempo VI, designed and built by the legendary John L. Hacker. He then went on to win the Ford Memorial competition in 1948 and the President’s Cup and the Silver Cup in 1952. From 1946 to 1949, he was the reigning US national champion. Before his retirement from the sport in the late 1950s, he had won every trophy in the field. In 1959 Lombardo was attempting a run on the absolute water speed record with the jet engine powered Tempo Alcoa when it was destroyed on a radio controlled test run doing over 250mph.^[4] After the destruction of the Tempo Alcoa, Lombardo retired from hydrofoil racing. A museum which was previously in London, Ontario was dedicated to his musical and hydroplane racing achievements. In 2002 he was inducted into the Canadian Motorsport Hall of Fame for his accomplishments.

Beginning in 1958, Lombardo lent his name to and endorsed The Guy Lombardo Royal Fleet, a line of fiberglass boats manufactured and sold by the United States Boat Corporation of Newark, New Jersey, a division of the US Pools Corporation. The boats were manufactured under license from Skagit Plastics, Inc. of La Conner, Washington. The endeavor was short-lived and ended in 1961 with the closure of Skagit Plastics.^[5]

In his later years, Lombardo lived in Freeport, Long Island, New York, where he kept Tempo VI. He also invested in a nearby seafood restaurant (or clam shack) originally called "Liota's East Point House." It was soon "Guy Lombardo's East Point House." Lombardo later became promoter and musical director of Jones Beach Marine Theater, which is a still-popular concert venue south of Freeport - the venue was built specifically with him in mind by Robert Moses, who regarded himself as one of Lombardo's fans. Lombardo's final production at Jones Beach was the 1977 staging of Finian's Rainbow, with Christopher Hewett in the title role.^[6]

Death[link]

On November 5, 1977 Lombardo suffered a fatal heart attack. Victor took over the band briefly but could not maintain it. When Lebert severed his ties in 1979 the group finally dissolved. The orchestra was later revived in 1989 by Al Pierson, playing a mix of nostalgic tunes and modern arrangements.

Lombardo was inducted into the Long Island Music Hall of Fame in 2007.

Tributes[link]

Guy Lombardo's star on Canada's Walk of Fame.

The Guy Lombardo Society is a society dedicated to preserving the music and history of Guy Lombardo And His Royal Canadians.

There is a bridge named after Lombardo in London, Ontario near Wonderland Gardens, as well as Lombardo Avenue in north London near the University of Western Ontario.

The home where Guy Lombardo and his siblings grew up is still standing in London, Ontario, at 202 Simcoe Street. A plaque to the Lombardos has been moved from the exterior wall of the Labatt Retail Store at Richmond and Horton streets in London to the store's entranceway off the parking lot, denoting the site of a subsequent home of the Lombardos.

In his later home of Freeport, New York there is a major street named for him – Guy Lombardo Avenue.

Guy Lombardo museum[link]

From the mid-1980s until 2007, there was a museum dedicated to Guy Lombardo in London, Ontario, near the intersection of Wonderland Road and Springbank Drive. In September 2007, due to the lack of museum visitors and funding, the museum was closed.^[7] Although the city owned many of the exhibits, most of the collection can be found at the private home of former part-time curator Douglas Flood. City staff have recommended that the museum not be reopened.^[8] The building has been converted into a community rec centre as of 2010.

Media[link]

• Paper Tape Archive: Guy Lombardo at Hotel Roosevelt(1949)
• Radiotapes.com Aircheck of interview with Guy Lombardo that aired on WLOL-FM (Minneapolis/St. Paul) in 1959.

See also[link]

• Music of Canada

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Guy Lombardo

• The Guy Lombardo Society
• Guy Lombardo at the Internet Movie Database
• Canadian Motorsport Hall of Fame
• Gold Cup winners
• 1948 Ford Memorial
• Wonderland Gardens destroyed
• Remembering Mr. New Year's Eve - historical article about Guy Lombardo, his connection with New Year's Eve
• Tempo VI profile & pics, restored in the '90s
• Guy Lombardo's Official Covers Discography at Discoogle.com

Sir Cliff Richard OBE
Cliff Richard in November 2009
Background information
Birth name	Harry Rodger Webb
Born	(1940-10-14) 14 October 1940 (age 71) Lucknow, United Provinces, British India
Genres	Skiffle, rock and roll, pop, gospel, contemporary Christian music
Occupations	Musician, actor, philanthropist
Instruments	Vocals, guitar, percussion
Years active	1958–present
Labels	EMI, EMI's Columbia, Epic, Decca, Rocket, Papillon
Associated acts	The Shadows, Olivia Newton-John, Dionne Warwick
Website	www.cliffrichard.org

Sir Cliff Richard, OBE (born Harry Rodger Webb; 14 October 1940) is a British pop singer, musician, performer, actor, and philanthropist. With his backing group The Shadows, Richard, originally positioned as a rebellious rock and roll singer in the style of Little Richard^[1] and Elvis Presley, dominated the British popular music scene in the pre-Beatles period of the late 1950s and early 1960s. His 1958 hit single "Move It" is often described as Britain's first authentic rock and roll song, and John Lennon once claimed that "before Cliff and the Shadows, there had been nothing worth listening to in British music."^[2][3] A conversion to Christianity and subsequent softening of his music later led to a more middle of the road pop image, sometimes venturing into gospel music.

Over a 53-year career, Richard has become a fixture of the British entertainment world, amassing many gold and platinum discs and awards, including three Brit awards and two Ivor Novello awards. He has had more than 130 singles, albums and EPs make the UK Top 20, more than any other artist^[4] and holds the record (with Elvis Presley) as the only act to make the UK singles charts in all of its first six decades (1950s–2000s). He has achieved 14 UK No. 1 singles (or 18, depending on the counting methodology) and is the only singer to have had a No. 1 single in the UK in six consecutive decades: the 1950s through to the 2000s (discounting digital downloads and counting only CDs, he had a UK No. 1 single in the 2000s). Richard is the biggest selling singles artist of all time in the UK, with total sales of over 21 million^[5] and has reportedly sold an estimated 250 million records worldwide.^[6][7]

Richard has never achieved the same impact in the United States despite eight US Top 40 singles, including the million-selling "Devil Woman" and "We Don't Talk Anymore", the latter becoming the first to reach the Hot 100's top 40 in the 1980s by a singer who had been in the top 40 in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. In Canada, Richard achieved moderate success in the 1980s with several albums reaching platinum status. He has remained a popular music, film, and television personality in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Northern Europe and Asia, and he retains a following in other countries.

Biography[link]

1940–58: Childhood[link]

Harry Rodger Webb was born on 14 October 1940 at the King George Hospital, Victoria Street, in Lucknow, India, to Rodger Oscar Webb, a manager for a catering contractor that serviced the Indian Railways, and his wife Dorothy Marie Dazely.^[8] Richard was baptised Harry Rodger Webb on 2 November 1940 at St Thomas's Church, Dehradun, India.^{[citation needed]} The family lived in a modest home with other Anglo-Indians at Maqbara, near the main shopping centre of Hazratganj. The Anglo-Indians living at Maqbara were often employed as musicians; a band played at the Royal Cafe Restaurant, Lucknow, and another at the Mohmmad Bagh club, which was the officers' club serving the garrison at Lucknow.^[9] Dorothy's mother served as the dormitory matron at the La Martiniere Girls' School. Anglo-Indians did not enjoy any great social status in India and were looked down upon by the British.^[9] Richard has three sisters.^[10] In around 1945, his family moved to Howrah, near Calcutta, where he started his schooling in St. Thomas' Church School, Howrah, which still exists.

In 1948, following Indian independence the family embarked on a three week sea voyage to Tilbury, Essex, England aboard the SS Ranchi. The Webbs moved from comparative wealth in India, where they had servants and lived in a company-supplied flat at Howrah near Calcutta, to a semi-detached house in Carshalton, Surrey (which was also the location of the school he attended, Stanley Park Juniors). In 1949 his father obtained employment in the credit control office of Thorn Electrical Industries and the family moved in with other relatives in Waltham Cross Hertfordshire, where he attended Kings Road Junior Mixed Infants School until a three-bedroom council house in Cheshunt was allocated to them in 1950. Harry Webb then attended Cheshunt Secondary Modern School, later renamed Riversmead School (later rebuilt and renamed Bishopslea School) from 1952 to 1957. As a member of the top stream he stayed on beyond the minimum leaving age to take GCE Ordinary Level examinations and gained a pass in English literature. He then started work as a filing clerk for a company called Atlas Lamps.^[11] A development of flats, Cliff Richard Court, has been named after him in Cheshunt.^[12]

Harry Webb became interested in skiffle. His father bought him a guitar at 16 and he formed the Quintones vocal group in 1957.^{[citation needed]} He then sang in the Dick Teague Skiffle Group.^{[citation needed]}

1958–63: Success and stardom[link]

Harry Webb became lead singer of a rock and roll group, The Drifters (not to be confused with the US group of the same name). 1950s entrepreneur Harry Greatorex wanted the up and coming Rock 'n' Roll singer to change from his real name of Harry Webb. The name Cliff was adopted as it sounded like cliff face, which suggested "Rock." It was "Move It" writer Ian Samwell who suggested that the former Harry Webb be surnamed Richard as a tribute to Webb's musical hero Little Richard.^[1][13] Before their first large-scale appearance, at the Regal Ballroom in Ripley, Derbyshire in 1958, they adopted the name "Cliff Richard and the Drifters". The four members were Harry Webb (now going under the stage name "Cliff Richard"), Ian "Sammy" Samwell on guitar, Terry Smart on drums and Norman Mitham on guitar. None of the other three played with the later and better known Shadows, although Samwell wrote songs for Richard's later career.

For his debut session, Norrie Paramor provided Richard with "Schoolboy Crush", a cover of an American record by Bobby Helms. Richard was permitted to record one of his own songs for the B-side; this was "Move It", written by the Drifters' Samwell on a number 715 Green Line bus on the way to Richard's house for a rehearsal. For the "Move It" session Paramor used the session guitarist Ernie Shears on lead guitar and Frank Clark on bass.

There are a number of stories about why the A-side was replaced by the intended B-side. One is that Norrie Paramor's young daughter raved about the B-side; another was that influential TV producer Jack Good, who used the act for his TV show Oh Boy!, wanted the only song on his show to be "Move It".^[14] Richard was quoted as saying -

NME - September 1958^[15]

The single went to No. 2 on the UK Singles Chart. Music critics Roy Carr and Tony Tyler wrote that it was the first genuine British rock classic, followed by Johnny Kidd and the Pirates' "Shakin' All Over". John Lennon was quoted as saying that "Move It" was the first English rock record.

In the early days, Richard was marketed as the British equivalent to Elvis Presley. Like previous British rockers such as Tommy Steele and Marty Wilde, Richard adopted Presley-like dress and hairstyle. In performance he struck a pose of rock attitude, rarely smiling or looking at the audience or camera. His late 1958 and early 1959 follow-up singles, "High Class Baby" and "Livin' Lovin' Doll", were followed by "Mean Streak", which carried a rocker's sense of speed and passion, and Lionel Bart's "Living Doll". It was on "Living Doll" that the Drifters began to back Richard on record. It was his fifth record,and became his first No. 1 single. By that time the group's lineup had changed with the arrival of Jet Harris, Tony Meehan, Hank Marvin, and Bruce Welch. The group was obliged to change its name to "The Shadows" after legal complications with the US Drifters as "Living Doll" entered the American top 40, licensed by ABC-Paramount. "Living Doll" was used in Richard's debut film Serious Charge, but as a country standard, rather than a rock and roll standard.

The Shadows were not a typical backing group. They would become contractually separate from Richard, and the group received no royalties for records backing Richard. In 1959, The Shadows (then still the Drifters) landed an EMI recording contract of their own, for independent recordings. That year, they released three singles, two of which featured double-sided vocals and one of which had instrumental A and B sides. In 1960, they recorded and released "Apache" this time using Richard as a session percussionist playing Chinese drums to open and close this single.^{[citation needed]} Reaching the top of the charts in more than one country, the single set The Shadows on a path of their own. They thereafter had several major hits, including five UK No. 1s. The band also continued to appear and record with Richard and wrote many of his hits. On more than one occasion, a Shadows' instrumental replaced a Richard song at the top of the British charts.

Richard's fifth single "Living Doll" triggered a softer, more relaxed, sound. Subsequent hits, the No. 1s "Travellin' Light" and "I Love You" and also "A Voice in the Wilderness" lifted from his film "Expresso Bongo" and "Theme for a Dream" cemented Richard's status as a mainstream pop entertainer along with contemporaries such as Adam Faith and Billy Fury. Throughout the early sixties his hits were consistently in the top five.

In 1961, EMI records organised Richard's 21st birthday party at its London headquarters in Manchester Square led by his producer Norrie Paramor. Photographs of the celebrations were incorporated into Richard's next album "21 Today" in which Tony Meehan joined in despite, then, having very recently left the Shadows to be replaced by Brian Bennett.

Typically, The Shadows closed the first half of the show with a 30-minute set of their own, then backed Richard on his show-closing 45-minute stint as exemplified by the retrospective CD album release of "Live at the ABC Kingston 1962". Tony Meehan and Jet Harris left the group in 1961 and 1962 respectively and later had their own chart successes for Decca. The Shadows added bass players Brian Locking (1962–63) and then John Rostill (1963–1968) and took on Brian Bennett permanently on drums.

In the early days, particularly on EP and album releases, Richard sometimes recorded without The Shadows in order to cater to other styles with The Norrie Paramor Orchestra with Tony Meehan and then Brian Bennett as a session drummer. Even after the Beatles' rise he continued to achieve hits, although more often with an orchestra rather than The Shadows: a revival of "It's All In The Game" and "Constantly". A session under the direction of Billy Sherrill in Nashville yielded two more top two hits: "The Minute You're Gone" and "Wind Me Up" in 1965.

Richard, and in particular The Shadows, never achieved star status in the United States. In 1960 they toured the US and were well-received; however, lacklustre support and distribution from a revolving door of American record labels proved an obstacle to long-term success Stateside despite several chart records by Richard including the aforementioned "It's All In The Game" on Epic, via a renewed linking of the worldwide Columbia labels after Philips ended its distribution deal with CBS. To the Shadows' chagrin, Apache reached No. 1 in the US via a cover version by Danish guitarist Jorgen Ingmann which was virtually unchanged from their worldwide hit, save a sound effect Ingmann added evoking whooshing arrows in flight created by flicking his fingers on the fretboard. Richard and the band appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show, which was crucial for The Beatles, but these performances did not help them gain sustained success in North America.

Richard and The Shadows appeared in six feature films all commercially successful,(although the films title was changed to suit various countries' markets), including a rather odd debut in the 1959 film Serious Charge but most notably in The Young Ones, (the title song being his biggest hit up to "Mistletoe and Wine"), Summer Holiday (which featured a slimmed-down Richard with visible dancing skills), Wonderful Life and Finders Keepers. These films created their own genre known as the "Cliff Richard musical" and led to Richard being named the second biggest star at the British box office in 1962.^[16] The irreverent 1980s TV sitcom The Young Ones took its name from Richard's 1962 film, and also made references to the singer. In 1966, Richard and the Shadows appeared as marionettes in the Gerry Anderson film Thunderbirds Are GO. In the summer of 1963 Cliff and the Shadows appeared for a season in Blackpool, where Richard had his portrait modelled by Victor Heyfron, M.A.

1964–75: Changing circumstances[link]

As with the other existing rock acts in Britain, Richard's career was affected by the sudden advent of The Beatles and the Mersey sound in 1963 and 1964. However, his popularity was established enough to allow him to weather the storm and continue to have hits in the charts throughout the 1960s, albeit not at the level that he had enjoyed before. Nor did doors open to him in the US market; he was not considered part of the British Invasion, and despite four Hot 100 hits (including the top 25 "It's All In The Game") between August 1963 and August 1964, the US public had little awareness of him. However, he continued having international hits, including 1967's "The Day I Met Marie", which reached No. 10 in the UK Singles Chart and No. 5 in the Australian charts, and is considered a quintessential summer hit, due to its summery nature.

Although baptised as an Anglican, Richard did not appear to practise the faith in his early years. However, in 1964, he became an active Christian and this embrace of the faith has become an important aspect of his life. Standing up publicly as a Christian affected his career in several ways. Initially, he believed that he should quit rock 'n roll, feeling he could no longer be the rocker who had been called a "crude exhibitionist" and "too sexy for TV" and a threat to parents' daughters. However, by the time Richard converted, his image had become tamer because of his film roles and well-spoken manners on radio and TV. Richard intended at first to "reform his ways" and become a teacher, but Christian friends advised him not to abandon his career just because he had become a Christian. Soon after, Richard re-emerged, performing with Christian groups and recording some Christian material. He still recorded secular songs with the Shadows, but devoted a lot of his time to Christian work, including appearances with the Billy Graham crusades. As time progressed, Richard balanced his faith and work, enabling him to remain one of the most popular singers in Britain as well as one of its best-known Christians. He was a leading figure in the Nationwide Festival of Light during 1971, protesting against the commercial exploitation of sex and violence in Britain, and advocating the teaching of Christ as the key to recovering moral stability in the nation.^{[citation needed]}

Richard's first serious acting role took place in the 1967 film Two a Penny, released by Billy Graham's World Wide Pictures,^[17] in which he played Jamie Hopkins, a young man who gets involved in drug dealing while questioning his life after his girlfriend changes her attitude. He released the live album "Cliff in Japan" in 1967.

In 1968, he sang the UK's entry in the Eurovision Song Contest: "Congratulations" by Bill Martin and Phil Coulter; it lost by just one point to Spain's "La La La". According to John Kennedy O'Connor's The Eurovision Song Contest—The Official History, this was the closest result yet in the contest and Richard locked himself in the toilet to avoid the nerves of the voting.^[18] In May 2008 a Reuters news report claimed that voting in the competition had been fixed by the Spanish dictator leader, Francisco Franco, to ensure that the Spanish entry won, allowing them to host the contest the following year (1969). In particular, it is claimed that Spanish TVE television executives offered to buy programmes in exchange for votes.^[19][20] The story was widely covered and featured on UK Channel 4 News as a main story, with Jon Snow interviewing author and historian John Kennedy O'Connor about the matter.^[21] Eurovision later ended voting by national juries in a bid to eradicate such alleged scams. Nevertheless, "Congratulations" was a huge hit throughout Europe and yet another No. 1 in April 1968.

After the Shadows split in 1968, Richard continued to record. He had already become accustomed to the Shadows' absence, and was able to record in a variety of settings. Although many of his earliest fans regretted that Richard had tried out songs which were not strictly in the rock 'n roll genre, most had got used to his habit of recording rockier material with the Shadows, while producing more middle-of-the-road material at other times; this versatility extended Richard's career prospects.

Portrait by Allan Warren (1973)

During the 1970s, Richard took part in several television shows and fronted his own show It's Cliff Richard! from 1970 - 1976. It starred Olivia Newton-John, Hank Marvin and Una Stubbs, and included A Song for Europe. These shows, for a time, branded Richard as a television personality more than a recording artist. He began 1970 by appearing live on the BBC's review of the sixties music scene, Pop Go The Sixties, which was broadcast across Britain and Europe on 31 December 1969. He performed "Bachelor Boy" with The Shadows and "Congratulations" solo. In 1972, he made a short BBC television comedy film called The Case with appearances from comedians and his first ever duets with a woman, Olivia Newton-John. He went on to release a double live album "Cliff Live in Japan 1972" featuring Newton-John.

His final acting role on the silver screen was in 1973 when he starred in the film, Take Me High.

In 1973, he sang the British Eurovision entry "Power to All Our Friends"; the song finished third, close behind Luxembourg's "Tu Te Reconnaîtras" and Spain's "Eres Tú". This time, Richard took Valium in order to overcome his nerves and his manager was almost unable to wake him for the performance.^[22] Richard also hosted the BBC's qualifying heat for the Eurovision Song Contest, A Song for Europe, in 1970, 1971 and 1972 as part of his BBCTV variety series. He presented the Eurovision Song Contest Previews for the BBC in 1971 and 1972.

In 1975, he released the single "Honky Tonk Angel" produced by Hank Marvin and John Farrar, oblivious to its connotations or hidden meanings. As soon as Richard was notified that a honky-tonk angel was Southern US slang for a prostitute, Richard ordered EMI to withdraw it. He refused to promote it despite making a video for it. EMI agreed to his demand despite positive sales. About 1,000 copies are known to exist on vinyl. Subsequently, Richard was harassed by the British media about this single and in particular this apparent career 'anti-Christian' faux-pas. Thereafter, all of Richard's songs on any format were double checked by his management for any conflict with his faith.^{[citation needed]}

1976–94: Comeback[link]

In 1976, the decision was made to repackage Richard as a "rock" artist. That year he produced the landmark album I'm Nearly Famous, which included the successful but controversial guitar-driven track "Devil Woman" (Richard's first true hit in the United States) and the ballad "Miss You Nights". Richard's fans were excited about this revival of a performer who had been a part of British rock from its early days. Many music names such as Jimmy Page, Eric Clapton, and Elton John were seen sporting I'm Nearly Famous badges, pleased that their boyhood idol was getting back into the heavier rock in which he had begun his career. In the same year, Richard became the first occidental artist to tour the USSR at the height of the Cold War.^{[citation needed]}

Notwithstanding this, Richard continued to release Gospel-tinged albums in parallel with his rock and pop albums, for example: Small Corners from 1978 contained the single "Yes He Lives". Despite his 1976 comeback, this single failed to chart in the United Kingdom. In 1980, the singer would legally change his name by deed poll from Harry Webb to Cliff Richard.^[23] On 31 December 1976, he performed his latest single "Hey, Mr. Dream Maker" on BBC1's A Jubilee Of Music, celebrating British pop music for Queen Elizabeth II's impending Silver Jubilee.

In 1979, Richard teamed up with the producer Bruce Welch for the pop hit single "We Don't Talk Anymore", written by Alan Tarney, which hit No. 1 in the UK and No. 7 in the US Bryan Ferry added hummed backing vocals to the song. The record gave Richard the distinction of becoming the first act to reach the Hot 100's top 40 in the 1980s who had also been there in each of the three previous decades. The song was quickly added onto the end of his latest album Rock 'n' Roll Juvenile. It was his first time at the top of the UK singles chart in over ten years, and the song would become his biggest-selling single ever. The accompanying music video was the sixth to appear on American cable channel MTV when it debuted on 1 August 1981. In 1980, Richard received the O.B.E. from the Queen for services to music and charity.^{[citation needed]}

At long last he had some extended success in the United States following "Devil Woman". The follow-up "Dreamin'" peaked at No. 10. His 1980 duet "Suddenly" with Olivia Newton-John, from the film Xanadu, peaked at No. 20. Richard continued with a string of top ten albums, including I'm No Hero, Wired for Sound, Now You See Me, Now You Don't, and, marking his 25th year in show business, Silver. The singles chart also saw his most consistent period of top twenty hits since the mid 1960s, with "A Little In Love", "Dreamin'", and "Suddenly" on the Hot 100 at the same time at the end of 1980. His 1985 single "She's So Beautiful" reached No. 17 in the UK. 1987 saw Richard record his Always Guaranteed album, which became his best selling album of all new material. It contained the two top ten hit singles "My Pretty One" and "Some People". Richard concluded his thirtieth year in music by reaching No. 1 on the British singles chart with "Mistletoe and Wine", while simultaneously holding the No. 1 positions on the album and video charts with the compilation Private Collection summing up his biggest hits from 1979-1988. "Mistletoe and Wine" was his biggest seller to that point.

In 1986, Richard teamed up with The Young Ones to re-record his smash hit "Living Doll" for the charity Comic Relief. Along with the song, the recording contained comedy dialogue between Richard and The Young Ones. The release went to No. 1. That same year he opened in the West End as a rock musician called upon to defend Earth in a trial set in the Andromeda Galaxy in the multi-media Dave Clark musical Time. Two Richard singles, "She's So Beautiful" and "Born To Rock 'n Roll", were released respectively in 1985 and 1986 from the concept album recorded for Time. In 1989, Richard received the Brits highest award The Outstanding Achievement award.^[24]

Further top ten albums included Stronger in 1989, which included the UK No. 2 hit "Best Of Me", and UK No. 3 "Just Don't Have The Heart" written and produced by Mike Stock, Matt Aitken and Pete Waterman, and From a Distance in 1990. Later that year, Richard scored his second UK Christmas No. 1 single with "Saviour's Day". Richard unsuccessfully bid for the Christmas No. 1 spot again with "We Should Be Together" and "Healing Love" in 1991 and 1993 respectively – the latter being taken from his No. 1 studio album Cliff Richard - The Album. The next few years saw Richard concentrate on bringing the musical Heathcliff to the stage. The production was a resounding success,^{[citation needed]} but the time it took seemed to take a toll on his reinvigorated chart status. Back in the UK during the next years and throughout the 1980s, Richard remained one of the best-known music artists in the country. In the space of a few years he worked with Elton John, Mark Knopfler, Julian Lennon, Freddie Mercury, Stevie Wonder, Phil Everly, Janet Jackson, Sheila Walsh, and Van Morrison. Richard also reunited with Olivia Newton-John. In 1989, he filled the Wembley Stadium for a few nights with a spectacular titled "The Event". Meanwhile, The Shadows later re-formed (and again split). They recorded on their own, but also reunited with Richard in 1978, 1984, and 1989–90 for some concerts. On 14 June 2004 Richard joined the Shadows on-stage at the London Palladium. The Shadows had decided to re-form for one final tour of the UK, with this concert heralded as their final ever concert as "Cliff and the Shadows".

1995–2007: Knighthood[link]

Richard was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II on 25 October 1995,^[25] the first rock star to be so honoured (Bob Geldof had received his honorary knighthood a full nine years earlier, but not being either a British subject or British citizen, he is not permitted to use the title 'Sir').

In 1996, he famously led the Wimbledon Centre Court crowd in singing during a rain delay when asked by Wimbledon officials to entertain the crowd.^[26][27] Richard was not aware this performance was being televised by the BBC and after singing six of his golden greats, TV presenter Des Lynam commented on this and added jokingly "we'll probably get one hell of a bill".^{[citation needed]}

In 1998, Richard demonstrated that radio stations were refusing to play his music by releasing his latest single "Can't Keep This Feeling In" on a white label under the pseudonym of Blacknight. The single was well regarded and featured on playlists until the true artist was revealed.^[28]

In 1999, controversy again arose regarding radio stations refusing to play his releases when EMI, Richard's label since 1958, refused to release his latest song, "The Millennium Prayer".^{[clarification needed]} Richard took it to an independent label, Papillon, which released the charity recording (in aid of Children's Promise). The single went on to top the UK chart for three weeks, becoming his fourteenth No.1 and the third-highest-selling single of his career. Richard's next album, in 2001, was a covers project, Wanted, followed by another top ten album, Cliff at Christmas. The holiday album contained both new and older recordings, including the single "Santa's List", which reached No. 5 in 2003.

For his seven day long 60th birthday party Richard in conjunction with OK magazine hired a cruise boat to Monte Carlo and sailed with his top 80 (out of a possible 500) specially invited guests, mostly from British showbiz, to France. Notable attendees were Olivia Newton-John, Shirley Bassey, Sue Barker, Gloria Hunniford, Tim Rice, Mike Read, Bobby Davro (a Cliff Richard impersonator), Richard's three sisters, etc. Notable non-attendees were all the members of The Shadows, except Bruce Welch, all of whom would have been shortlisted on Richard's original list of 500 guests.

Richard decamped to Nashville, Tennessee for his next album project in 2004, employing a writers' conclave to give him the pick of all new songs for the album Something's Goin' On. Though the collection was critically well-received, it had disappointing sales. Nevertheless it was yet another top ten album, and produced three top fifteen singles: "Something's Goin' On", "I Cannot Give You My Love", with Barry Gibb of the Bee Gees, and the lively "What Car". Richard did not hide his disappointment with the album's lacklustre sales, and it was speculated that it might have been his last ever album of original songs.

Two's Company, an album of duets released in 2006, was another top 10 success and included newly recorded material with Brian May, Dionne Warwick, Anne Murray, Barry Gibb and Daniel O'Donnell, plus some previously recorded duets with artists such as Phil Everly, Elton John and Olivia Newton-John. Two's Company was released to coincide with the UK leg of his latest world tour, "Here and Now", which included a number of lesser known but fan-favourite songs such as "My Kinda Life", "How Did She Get Here", "Hey Mr. Dream Maker", "For Life", "A Matter Of Moments", "When The Girl In Your Arms", "Every Face Tells A Story", "Peace In Our Time" and the Christmas single "21st Century Christmas", which debuted at No. 2 on the UK singles chart.

Another compilation album, Love... The Album was released on 12 November 2007. Like Two's Company before it, this album includes both previously released material and newly recorded songs, namely "Waiting For A Girl Like You", "When You Say Nothing At All", "All Out Of Love", "If You're Not the One" and "When I Need You" (the last was released as a single, reaching No. 38; the album peaked at No. 13). The concept of the project has divided fans who anticipate an album of new material.

2008–present: 50th anniversary and reunion[link]

2009 Brussels

2008, Richard's 50th year in music, saw the release of the 8 CD box set And They Said It Wouldn't Last (My 50 Years In Music).^[29] In September, a single celebrating his 50 years in pop music, titled "Thank You for a Lifetime" was released. On 14 September 2008 it reached No. 3 on the UK music charts. On 2 November 2008, British newspaper The Mail on Sunday gave away a free promotional CD entitled 50th Anniversary containing 12 tracks picked by Richard himself. On 11 November 2008, Richard's official website announced that 20 years after their latest concert together, Cliff and The Shadows would reunite to celebrate their 50th anniversary in the music business. A month later they performed at the Royal Variety Performance. In 2009 Cliff and The Shadows brought their partnership to an end with the "Golden Anniversary concert tour of the UK".

A new album by Richard and the Shadows was released in September 2009. Titled Reunited, It was their first studio project in forty years. The 28 tracks recorded comprise 25 re-recordings of their earlier classics, with three "new" tracks, originally from that era (and earlier), the single "Singing the Blues", along with Eddie Cochran's "C'mon Everybody" and the Frankie Ford hit "Sea Cruise". The tracks are to be spread across the single and its bonus tracks, a limited edition version of the album, as well as a standard CD release. The album charted at No. 6 in the UK charts in its opening week and peaked at No. 4. The reunion tour continued into Europe in 2010. In June 2009, it was reported by Sound Kitchen Studios in Nashville that Richard was to return there shortly to record a new album of original recordings of jazz songs.^[30] He was to record fourteen tracks in a week.

Richard performed "Congratulations" at the 70th birthday celebrations of Queen Margrethe II in Denmark on 13 April 2010.

On 14 October 2010, Richard celebrated his 70th birthday and to mark the occasion, he performed a series of six concerts at the Royal Albert Hall, London. Over 30,000 tickets for the concerts went on sale on 7 March and sold out within a few hours.^{[citation needed]} To accompany the concerts, a new album of cover versions of swing standards, Bold as Brass, was released on 11 October.

2009 Brussels

After a quick week of promotion, Richard flew out to rehearse for the German Night Of The Proms concerts in Belgium at the end of October. He made a surprise appearance at the Antwerp, Belgium concert of the Night Of The Proms on Thursday, 28 October 2010 and sang "We Don't Talk Anymore" to a great reaction from the surprised 20,000 fans at Sportpaleis Antwerp. In all, he toured 12 German cities in November and December 2010, during the Night Of The Proms concerts, as the headline act. The total of 18 concerts were attended by over 300,000 fans. Richard performed a selection of hits and tracks from the Bold As Brass album.

In Munich, Richard added his hand prints to the Munich Olympic Walk Of Stars during a break when the concerts were held there.

With the DVD release of Bold As Brass in November 2010, he achieved his third consecutive No. 1 music DVD in three years. It has so far achieved a total of eight weeks in the top 10 on the UK chart selling nearly 60,000 copies. It also charted in New Zealand, and Denmark in the top 10 and in Holland in the top 20—Selling a further 10,000 copies.

2011 saw Richard recording once again in the US for his Soulicious album, containing duets with American soul legends including Percy Sledge, Ashford and Simpson, Roberta Flack, Freda Payne, Peabo Bryson, Brenda Holloway and Candi Staton. The album is produced by Lamont Dozier with David Gest as executive producer. Released in October 2011, the album was supported by a short UK arena tour and gave Richard his 41st top ten UK hit album.

Lack of commercial support[link]

Richard openly complains about the lack of commercial support he receives from radio stations and record labels. He spoke about this on The Alan Titchmarsh Show on ITV in December 2007, pointing out that while new bands needed airplay for promotion and sales, long-established artists like him also relied upon airplay for the same ends. He did note, however, that so-called eighties radio stations did play his records and that this went some way to help sales and maintain his media presence. In the recent BBC Radio 2 documentary "Cliff – Take Another Look", he pointed out that many documentaries charting the history of British music (e.g. I'm in a Rock 'n' Roll Band!) fail to even mention him (or The Shadows).^[31]

In 2011, digital station Absolute Radio 60s, dedicated to playing popular music from the 1960s, announced they would not be playing any of Richard's records because they claimed they did not fit "the cool sound... we're trying to create". DJ Pete Mitchell claimed "Timeless acts of the decade that remain relevant today are The Beatles, The Stones, The Doors and The Who, not Sir Cliff." Richard responded to this by saying "They're lying to themselves, and more importantly they're lying to the public."^[32]

Richard believes he is "the most radical rock star there has ever been".^[31] Richard's premise is that his decision not to adopt the "sex, drugs and alcohol" image expected of rock stars, then and now, was the truly avant-garde choice.

Career achievements[link]

This biographical section of an article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (March 2011)

Richard holds many records for the number of concerts held at various venues around the world. In the UK he holds the record for most performances at the Royal Albert Hall, with over 80 performances at the venue with audiences reaching 450,000. He also holds the record for most shows at Wembley Arena, where he has performed at least 66 concerts to audiences of nearly 800,000. In Birmingham, Richard has performed at least 56 shows at the NIA (totalling 620,000 attendees), in addition to over 20 shows at the NEC arena. In Manchester Richard has performed at the MEN arena eight times with over 120,000 fans attending the shows. He appeared twice at Wembley Stadium in 1989 in celebration of his 30th year in music; over 144,000 fans attended the sold-out shows. Richard has also performed hundreds of times in Australia and New Zealand in cities including Melbourne, Sydney and Auckland, audience members totalling hundreds of thousands.

Personal life[link]

Richard's father, Rodger Webb, died in 1961, and his mother, Dorothy in 2007.^{[citation needed]} Dorothy suffered from dementia and in a 2006 interview with the Daily Mail, he spoke about the difficulties he and his sisters had in dealing with their mother's condition.^[33] On 18 October 2007 a statement on the star's website read, "We are sad to report that Cliff's mother, Dorothy, passed away early on 17 October; she was 87."

Richard is a lifelong bachelor.^[34] In a letter written in October 1961 to "his first serious girlfriend",^[5] Australian dancer Delia Wicks, and made public in April 2010 after her death from cancer, Richard writes, "Being a pop singer I have to give up one priceless thing – the right to any lasting relationship with any special girl."^[5] The pair had been dating for 18 months. In the letter he goes on to say, "I couldn't give up my career, besides the fact that my mother and sisters, since my father's death, rely on me completely. (...) I have showbiz in my blood now and I would be lost without it."^[5] He has said that he once considered marriage to the dancer Jackie Irving and later to the former tennis player Sue Barker.

In 1971, Richard was one of approximately 30,000 people gathering at London's Trafalgar Square to protest against the Swedish sex education film Kärlekens Språk, which was showing at a nearby cinema.^[35]

Although he has never married, Richard has rarely lived alone. For many years he shared his main home with his religious affairs/charity/media/promotion schedules manager, Bill Latham, and Latham's girlfriend. Currently a former Catholic priest, John McElynn, who is Richard's property manager "lives in" and looks after the properties whilst Richard is away. Richard describes McElynn as a close friend who has become like a companion. Richard declines discussion about any intimate relationships and when asked about suggestions that he may be homosexual has stated categorically that he is not. More recently he has said, "what business is it of anyone else's what any of us are as individuals? I don’t think my fans would care either way."^[34]

Richard has called on the Church of England to affirm people's commitment in same-sex marriage.^[34][36] In his autobiography he states that "many of my friends are gay – let's face it, homosexuality has been legal for more than thirty years. For me, the commitment is what counts – and I'll leave the judging to God."^[37]

According to the Sunday Times Rich List 2010, Richard is worth £50 million. As well as owning various houses and apartments around the world, Richard has become joint owner of the Arora International Hotel in Manchester, which opened in June 2004. He also owns a Quinta in the Algarve, Portugal, where he is involved in the production of wines at the Adega do Cantor ("Winery of the Singer"), a state-of-the-art winery in Guia, near Albufeira. In 2006 Richard received a Portuguese knighthood in which he was appointed Commander of the Order of Prince Henry (ComIH)^[38][39], this in recognition of his 40 years of personal and business involvement in that country. Richard finished No. 56 in the 2002 100 Greatest Britons list, sponsored by the BBC and voted for by the public.

His official 70th birthday party was held on 23 October 2010, with guests including Cilla Black, Elaine Paige and Daniel O'Donnell.

Works and achievements[link]

Discography[link]

Awards[link]

Brit Awards

• 1977 – Best British male solo artist^[24]
• 1982 – Best British male solo artist^[24]
• 1989 – Lifetime achievement: Outstanding contribution to music (excluded The Shadows)^[24]

TV Times

• 1980 – Most Exciting Male Singer on TV
• 1987 – Best Male Singer
• 1989 – Favourite Singer

The Sun Reader Polls

• 1970 – Male Pop Personality
• 1971 – Top Male Pop Personality
• 1972 – Top Male Pop Personality

NME Reader Polls^[40]

• 1958 – Best New Disc or TV Singer
• 1959 – UK Male Singer^{[clarification needed]}
• 1959 – Best Single: "Living Doll"
• 1960 – Best UK Single: "Living Doll"
• 1961 – UK Male Singer
• 1962 – UK Male Singer
• 1963 – UK Male Singer
• 1963 – Best World Male Singer
• 1964 – UK Male Singer
• 1964 – UK Vocal Personality
• 1965 – UK Male Singer
• 1966 – UK Male Singer
• 1966 – UK Vocal Personality
• 1967 – UK Vocal Personality
• 1968 – UK Vocal Personality
• 1969 – British Vocal Personality
• 1970 – UK Male Singer
• 1970 – UK Vocal Personality
• 1970 – World's Best Recording Artist of the 60s
• 1971 – UK Male Singer
• 1971 – British Vocal Personality
• 1972 – UK Male Singer
• 1972 – British Vocal Personality

Ivor Novello

• 1968 – Most Performed Work: "Congratulations" by Bill Martin and Phil Coulter
• 1970 – Outstanding Services to Music

Melody Maker

• 1959 – Best Male Singer
• 1960 – Top British Male Singer
• 1962 – The Emen Award – Top male singer
• 1962 – Top British Male Singer
• 1962 – Top single of the year: "The Young Ones"
• 1963 – Best Male Singer
• 1964 – Best Male Singer
• 1965 – Best UK Male Singer
• 1967 – Top Male Singer

Disc & Music Echo

• 1967 – Best-Dressed Male
• 1968 – Best-Dressed Male
• 1969 – Best-Dressed Male
• 1970 – Top British Male Singer
• 1970 – Best-Dressed Male
• 1970 – Mr. Valentine
• 1971 – Mr. Valentine

Bravo Magazine (Germany)

• 1964 – Best Male Singer – Gold
• 1964 – Year End Singles Charts – 1. "Sag 'no' Zu Ihm" ("Don't talk to him")
• 1965 – Best Male Singer – Gold
• 1980 – Top International Male Singer

Record Mirror

• 1961 – Record Mirror Survey – Most successful chart records 1958–1961 – No 1: Cliff Richard, "Living Doll" (Richard had three of the top five records and a further two in the Top 50)
• 1964 – Record Mirror Poll – Best-Dressed Singer in the World

1960s

• 1961 – Royal Variety Club – Show Business Personality
• 1961 – Weekend Magazine – Star of Stars
• 1962 – Motion Picture Herald Box-Office Survey Of 1962 – Most Popular Male Film Actor
• 1963 – Motion Picture Herald Box-Office Survey Of 1963 – Most Popular Male Film Actor
• 1963 – 16 (US Magazine) – Most Promising Singer
• 1964 – Billboard (US Magazine) – Best Recording Artist UK
• 1969 – Valentine Magazine – Mr Valentine

1970s

• 1970 – National Viewers' and Listeners' Association – Outstanding Contribution to Religious Broadcasting and Light Entertainment
• 1971 – Record Mirror – UK Male Singer
• 1974 – Nordoff Robbins Music Therapy Committee – Silver Clef – Outstanding Services to the Music Industry
• 1977 – The Songwriter's Guild Of Great Britain – Golden Badge Award
• 1979 – Music Week – Special Award for 21 years as successful recording artistes – Cliff Richard and The Shadows
• 1979 – EMI Records – Gold Clock and Gold Key award – EMI celebrates 21-year partnership with Richard

1980s

• 1980 – Richard receives O.B.E. from the Queen
• 1980 – BBC TV Multi-Coloured Swap Shop – Best UK Male Vocalist
• 1980 – National Pop And Rock Awards – Best Family Entertainer
• 1980 – Nationwide, in conjunction with Radio 1 and the Daily Mirror – Best Family Entertainer
• 1981 – Sunday Telegraph Readers Poll – Top Pop Star
• 1981 – Daily Mirror Readers Award – Outstanding Music Personality Of The Year
• 1989 – The Lifetime Achievement Diamond Award (Antwerp)

1990s

• 1992 – Spectacle Wearer Of The Year^{[clarification needed]}
• 1995 – American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers – Pied Piper Award (Richard became the first British recipient of Ascap's coveted Pied Piper Award, which recognises outstanding contributions to the songwriter and music community)
• 1995 – The formal investiture of Richard as Knight Bachelor took place at 10.30 a.m. in Buckingham Palace on Wednesday 25 October
• 1998 – Dutch Edison – Lifetime Achievement Award

2000s

• 2000 – South Bank Awards – Outstanding Achievement Award
• 2003 – British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors – Gold Badge of merit
• 2003 – Lawn Tennis Association – 20 Years of Service to Tennis Award
• 2004 – Induction into UK Music Hall of Fame (representing the 1950s – Cliff and The Shadows)
• 2004 – Ultimate Pop Star (No. 1 singles recording artist in UK)^{[clarification needed]}
• 2005 – Avenue of Stars (star on the pavement, London)
• 2005 – Rose D'or Music Festival (Paris) – Golden Rose
• 2006 – Commander of the Portuguese Order of Prince Henry (awarded for services to Portugal)^[38]

Tours and concerts[link]

Filmography[link]

Film[link]

• Serious Charge (1959)
• Expresso Bongo (1960)
• The Young Ones (1961) (aka It's Wonderful to be Young)
• Summer Holiday (1963)
• Wonderful Life (aka Swingers' Paradise,^[41] 1964)
• Finders Keepers (1966)
• Rhythm 'n Greens (B-movie) (guest appearance: CR plays "King Canute")
• Thunderbirds Are GO (as puppet-marionettes)
• Two a Penny (1969)
• His land (1970)
• The Case (1972) (features Olivia Newton-John)
• Take Me High (1973)
• Run For Your Wife (2012) (Cameo role as a Busker)

TV series[link]

• 1960: The Cliff Richard Show (ATV Television)
• 1961: Cliff (ATV Television)
• 1963: The Cliff Richard Show (ATV Television)
• 1964: Cliff (ATV Television)
• 1965: Cliff and the Shadows (ATV Television)
• 1967: Cliff (ATV Television)
• 1970: Cliff Richard Show featuring Marvin, Welch, Farrar, Olivia Newton-John and Una Stubbs (BBC Television)
• 1971: Cliff Richard Show featuring Marvin, Welch, Farrar, Olivia Newton-John and Una Stubbs (BBC Television)
• 1972: Cliff Richard Show featuring Marvin, Welch, Farrar, Olivia Newton-John and Una Stubbs (BBC Television)
• 1975: It's Cliff and Friends (BBC Television)
• 1976: It's Cliff and Friends (BBC Television)

Other TV Shows[link]

Air Date	Episode	Viewers[42]	Channel
1971	Getaway with Cliff	5,200,000	BBC
1972	The Case	5,000,000	BBC
1999	An Audience With Sir Cliff Richard	11,000,000	ITV
2001	The Hits I Missed	6,500,000	ITV
2008	When Piers Met Sir Cliff	5,500,000	ITV

Stage musicals[link]

• Aladdin – music by The Shadows and Norrie Paramor
• Cinderella – music by The Shadows and Norrie Paramor
• Time – music by Dave Clark
• Heathcliff – music by John Farrar and lyrics by Sir Tim Rice

See also[link]

	Book: Cliff Richard
Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print.

• Best selling music artists
• List of celebrities who own wineries and vineyards
• Cliff – The Musical

Further reading[link]

• The Cliff Richard Story by George Tremlett, Futura Publications Limited, London, 1975, ISBN 0-86007-232-0
• The Complete Recording Sessions, 1958–90, by Peter Lewry and Nigel Goodall. ISBN 978-0-7137-2242-0.
• Which One's Cliff?, by Cliff Richard Coronet ISBN 0-340-27159-0.
• You, Me and Jesus, by Cliff Richard with Bill Latham, pub: Hodder & Stoughton, London.
• The Biography, by Steve Turner. ISBN 978-0-7459-5279-6.
• The Bachelor Boy, by S.Turner. ISBN 978-1-84442-037-7.
• The Story of the Shadows, by Mike Read. 1983. Elm Tree books. ISBN 0-241-10861-6.
• The Complete Rock Family Rock Trees, by Pete Frame. Omnibus. ISBN 0-7119-6879-9.
• Guinness World Records: British Hit Singles and Albums (19th Edn), David Roberts. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
• The Complete Book of the British Charts Singles and Albums, by Neil Warwick, Jon Kutner & Tony Brown, 3rd Edn. ISBN 978-1-84449-058-5.
• Jet Harris — Survivor, by Dave Nicolson, ISBN 978-0-9562679-0-0, 31 October 2009.

References[link]

1. ^ ^{a b} "Cliff Richard | Happy Birthday Cliff Richard!". Contactmusic. 14 October 2010. http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/happy-birthday-cliff-richard_1172552. Retrieved 10 December 2011. 
2. ^ "Tony Meehan" (Obituary), The Times, 30 November 2005.
3. ^ Anon. "Tony Meehan". Spectropop remembers. http://www.spectropop.com/remembers/TMeehanobit.htm. Retrieved 4 December 2009. 
4. ^ "Top Hits from". EveryHit. 2000-03-16. http://www.everyhit.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-01-29. 
5. ^ ^{a b c d} "Sir Cliff Richard picked music over love". BBC News Online. 2012-04-10. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8612817.stm. Retrieved 2012-02-15. 
6. ^ Collett-White, Mike (2010-03-09). "Cliff Richard turns to jazz to mark 70th birthday". Reuters. http://uk.reuters.com/article/2010/03/09/uk-cliff-album-idUKTRE6282EL20100309. Retrieved 2012-02-15. 
7. ^ Clements, Paul (2011-11-16). "Sir Cliff Richard: 'For me, Cliff Richard makes uncool cool'". The Independent. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopfeatures/8894343/Sir-Cliff-Richard-For-me-Cliff-Richard-makes-uncool-cool.html. Retrieved 2012-02-15. 
8. ^ "Letter to girl shows bachelor boy streak". The Telegraph (Kolkata). http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100411/jsp/nation/story_12327591.jsp. Retrieved 11 June 2011. 
9. ^ ^{a b} Stark, Herbert Alick. Hostages To India: OR The Life Story of the Anglo Indian Race. . London: The Simon Wallenberg Press: Vol 2: Anglo Indian Heritage Books
10. ^ When Piers Met Sir Cliff, ITV1
11. ^ Cliff Richard; Penny Junor (2008). My Life, My Way. Headline Publishing Group. ISBN 0-7553-1588-X. 
12. ^ Cliff Richard Court (1970-01-01). "Google maps". Maps.google.co.uk. http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=cliff+richard+cheshunt&sll=53.800651,-4.064941&sspn=7.50299,28.256836&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=Cliff+Richard+Court,+High+St,+Cheshunt,+Waltham+Cross,+Hertfordshire+EN8+0BE,+United+Kingdom&t=h&z=15. Retrieved 2012-01-29. 
13. ^ "Move It by Cliff Richard Songfacts". Songfacts.com. 2 November 2008. http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=7524. Retrieved 10 December 2011. 
14. ^ Richard himself stated that the latter theory is correct; interviewed for the first episode of the BBC Four programme, Pop Britannia, broadcast on 4 January 2008.
15. ^ Tobler, John (1992). NME Rock 'N' Roll Years (1st ed.). London: Reed International Books Ltd. p. 58. CN 5585. 
16. ^ Film Data for 1962
17. ^ Two a Penny (1967) IMDB.com
18. ^ O'Connor, John Kennedy. Richard says: Spain is the best of Eurovision Song Contest.
19. ^ "Reuters". Uk.reuters.com. http://uk.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idUKL0556354420080505. Retrieved 2012-01-29. 
20. ^ Govan, Fiona (2008-05-04). "Telegraph article". Telegraph article. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/1926993/How-Franco-cheated-Cliff-of-victory-in-Eurovision.html. Retrieved 2012-01-29. 
21. ^ JKMMOC. "EUROVISION CHANNEL 4 NEWS May 7, 2008". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hiF3Ylj6oRM&feature=channel_page. Retrieved 10 December 2011. 
22. ^ O'Connor, John Kennedy. The Eurovision Song Contest - The Official History. Carlton Books, UK. 2007. ISBN 978-1-84442-994-3
23. ^ London Gazette: no. 48318. p. 13397. 24 September 1980. Retrieved 17 June 2009.
24. ^ ^{a b c d} "Brit Awards artist page". Brit Awards. http://www.brits.co.uk/artist/cliff-richard. Retrieved 2010-02-15. 
25. ^ London Gazette: no. 54287. p. 571. 12 January 1996. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
26. ^ "Cliff Richard, Centre Court, Wimbledon". Gigs in strange places. Virginmedia. http://www.virginmedia.com/music/pictures/toptens/gigs-in-strange-places.php. Retrieved 2 July 2011. 
27. ^ "Wimbledon 2011: entertainment values". The Telegraph. 18 June 2011. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/wimbledon/8582639/Wimbledon-2011-entertainment-values.html. Retrieved 2 July 2011. 
28. ^ "Sir Cliff foils radio ban". BBC News. 11 October 1998. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/191194.stm. Retrieved 30 April 2010. 
29. ^ "And They Said It Wouldn't Last (My 50 Years In Music)". cliffrichard.org. http://www.cliffrichard.org/shopping/cdsTrackList.cfm?collection_id=345&showTrackList=1. Retrieved 2012-01-29. 
30. ^ Sound Kitchen Studios^{[dead link]}
31. ^ ^{a b} BBC^{[dead link]}
32. ^ "Sir Cliff Richard hits back over radio airplay snub". BBC News. 16 Nov 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-15752950. Retrieved 21 April 2012. 
33. ^ "Sir Cliff talks of his anguish over mother's dementia". Daily Mail. 2006-09-22. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-406565/Sir-Cliff-talks-anguish-mothers-dementia.html. Retrieved 2012-02-15. 
34. ^ ^{a b c} Sir Cliff tells of ex priest who shares his life. The Daily Express. Accessed 21, November 2011.
35. ^ Daniel Ekeroth, Swedish Sensationsfilms: A Clandestine History of Sex, Thrillers, and Kicker Cinema, (Bazillion Points, 2011), p. 126, ISBN 978-0-9796163-6-5.
36. ^ Green, Chris (6 September 2008). "Sir Cliff speaks frankly about his 'companion' the ex-priest". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/sir-cliff-speaks-frankly-about-his-companion-the-expriest-920825.html. Retrieved 30 April 2010. 
37. ^ Cliff Richard with Penny Junor My Life, My Way, London: Vox Rock, 2008, p. 39
38. ^ ^{a b} "ThePortugalNews.com...Sir Cliff Richard honoured with Portuguese award of merit...". www.theportugalnews.com. http://www.theportugalnews.com/cgi-bin/article.pl?id=853-15. Retrieved 28 November 2010. 
39. ^ Sumário - website Diáro da República
40. ^ "Rocklist.net...NME Lists readers Pop Poll Results...". www.rocklistmusic.co.uk. http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/poppoll.html. Retrieved 03 September 2010. 
41. ^ Overview for Swingers' Paradise (1965)", Turner Classic Movies page
42. ^ "William's Cliff Chart Site - Cliff Richard Television Hits". Cliffchartsite.co.uk. http://www.cliffchartsite.co.uk/trivia4.html. Retrieved 10 December 2011. 

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Cliff Richard

• Cliff Richard's official website
• Cliff Richard at the Internet Movie Database
• Cliff Richard Songs site
• bfi.org.uk - Cliff Richard on film (bfi database)

Preceded by Sandie Shaw with "Puppet on a String"	UK in the Eurovision Song Contest 1968	Succeeded by Lulu with "Boom Bang-a-Bang"
Preceded by The New Seekers with "Beg, Steal or Borrow"	UK in the Eurovision Song Contest 1973	Succeeded by Olivia Newton-John with "Long Live Love"

v t e Cliff Richard Albums (UK) 1950s: Cliff (1959) Cliff Sings (1959) 1960s: Me and My Shadows (1960) Listen to Cliff! (1961) 21 Today (1961) The Young Ones (1961, soundtrack) 32 Minutes and 17 Seconds (1962) Summer Holiday (1963, soundtrack) When in Spain (1963) Wonderful Life (1964, soundtrack) Aladdin and his Wonderful Lamp (1964, stage show album) Cliff Richard (1965) Love Is Forever (1965) When in Rome (1965) Kinda Latin Finders Keepers (1966, soundtrack) Cinderella (1967, soundtrack) Don't Stop Me Now (1967) Good News (1967, gospel) Cliff in Japan (1968, live) Two a Penny (1968, soundtrack) Established 1958 (1968) Sincerely Cliff (1969) 1970s: Tracks and Grooves (1970) All My Love (1970) About the Man (1970, gospel) His Land (1970, gospel) Cliff: Live at the Talk of the Town (1970, live) The 31st February Street (1974) Take Me High (1974, soundtrack) Help It Along (1974, gospel) I'm Nearly Famous (1976) Every Face Tells a Story (1977) Green Light (1978) Small Corners (1978, gospel) Rock 'n' Roll Juvenile (1979) Thank You Very Much (1979, live) 1980s: I'm No Hero (1980) Wired for Sound (1980) Now You See Me... Now You Don't (1982, gospel) Silver (1983) Dressed for the Occasion (1983, live) The Rock Collection (1984) Always Guaranteed (1987) Stronger (1989) 1990s: From a Distance: The Event (1990, live) Together with Cliff Richard (1991) The Album (1993) Songs from Heathcliff (1995, stage show album) Heathcliff Live (1996, stage show album, live) Real as I Wanna Be (1998) 2000s: Wanted (2001) Live at the ABC Kingston, 1962 (2002, live) Cliff at Christmas (2003) Something's Goin' On (2004) Cliff Richard - The World Tour (2004, live) Two's Company The Duets (2006) Love... The Album (2007, Part new songs, part compilation) Reunited – Cliff Richard and The Shadows (2009) 2010s: Bold as Brass (2010) Soulicious (2011) EPs (UK) Serious Charge Expresso Bongo Compilations (UK) Cliff's Hit Album (1963) More Hits by Cliff (1965) The Best of Cliff (1969) The Best of Cliff, Vol. 2 (1972) 40 Golden Greats (1977) Love Songs (1981) Walking in the Light (1984) Private Collection: 1979-1988 (1988) My Kinda Life (1992) The Hit List (1994) At the Movies 1959-1974 (1996) Yesterday, Today, Forever (1997, gospel) The Whole Story: His Greatest Hits (2000) Miss You Nights: The Ballads Collection (2004) The Platinum Collection (2005) And They Said It Wouldn't Last (My 50 Years in Music) (2008) The 50th Anniversary Album (2008) Filmography Serious Charge (1959) Expresso Bongo (1959) The Young Ones (Soundtrack album) (1961) Summer Holiday (Soundtrack album) (1963) Wonderful Life (Soundtrack album) (1964) Finders Keepers (1966) Two a Penny (1967) Take Me High (1973) Related articles Discography Concert tours The Shadows Book:Cliff Richard

v t e Cliff Richard singles discography 1950s "Move It" (1958) 1960s "Please Don't Tease" (1960) "I Love You"(1960) "A Girl Like You" (1961) "When the Girl in Your Arms is the Girl in Your Heart" (1961) "The Young Ones" (1962) "The Next Time" / "Bachelor Boy" (1962) "Summer Holiday" (1963) "Lucky Lips" (1963) "It's All in the Game" (1963) "The Twelfth of Never" (1964) "The Minute You're Gone" (1965) "Blue Turns to Grey" (1966) "All My Love" (1967) "Congratulations" (1968) "Girl, You'll Be a Woman Soon" (1968) "Marianne" (1968) 1970s "Power to All Our Friends" (1973) "Miss You Nights" (1976) "Devil Woman" (1976) "We Don't Talk Anymore" (1979) 1980s "Suddenly" (1980) "True Love Ways" (1983) "Donna" (1984) "Two to the Power of Love" (1984) "All I Ask of You" (1986) "Mistletoe and Wine" (1988) "I Just Don't Have the Heart" (1989) "Whenever God Shines His Light" (1989) 1990s "Stronger Than That" (1990) "From a Distance" (1990) "Saviour's Day" (1990) "We Should Be Together" (1991) "All I Have to Do Is Dream" (live) (1994) "The Millennium Prayer" (1999) 2000s "Somewhere Over the Rainbow"/"What a Wonderful World" (medley) (2001) "When I Need You" (2007) "Thank You for a Lifetime" (2008) "Singing the Blues" (2009) Book:Cliff Richard

v t e Selected participants in Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest ABBA Brotherhood of Man Celine Dion Sertab Erener France Gall Dana International Johnny Logan Domenico Modugno Mocedades Nicole Olsen Brothers Elena Paparizou Cliff Richard

v t e UK best-selling singles (by year) (1952–1969) 1952: "Here in My Heart" - Al Martino · 1953: "I Believe" - Frankie Laine · 1954: "Secret Love" - Doris Day · 1955: "Rose Marie" - Slim Whitman · 1956: "I'll Be Home" - Pat Boone · 1957: "Diana" - Paul Anka · 1958: "Jailhouse Rock" - Elvis Presley · 1959: "Living Doll" - Cliff Richard · 1960: "It's Now or Never" - Elvis Presley · 1961: "Are You Lonesome Tonight" - Elvis Presley · 1962: "I Remember You" - Frank Ifield · 1963: "She Loves You" - The Beatles · 1964: "Can't Buy Me Love" - The Beatles · 1965: "Tears" - Ken Dodd · 1966: "Green, Green Grass of Home" - Tom Jones · 1967: "Release Me" - Engelbert Humperdinck · 1968: "Hey Jude" - The Beatles · 1969: "Sugar, Sugar" - The Archies Complete list (1952–1969) (1970–1989) (1990–2009) (2010–2029)

v t e UK best-selling singles (by year) (1970–1989) 1970: "In the Summertime" - Mungo Jerry · 1971: "My Sweet Lord" - George Harrison · 1972: "Amazing Grace" - The Royal Scots Dragoon Guards Band · 1973: "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree" - Tony Orlando and Dawn · 1974: "Tiger Feet" - Mud · 1975: "Bye Bye Baby" - Bay City Rollers · 1976: "Save Your Kisses for Me" - Brotherhood of Man · 1977: "Mull of Kintyre"/"Girls' School" - Wings · 1978: "Rivers of Babylon"/"Brown Girl in the Ring" - Boney M. · 1979: "Bright Eyes" - Art Garfunkel · 1980: "Don't Stand So Close to Me" - The Police · 1981: "Tainted Love" - Soft Cell · 1982: "Come On Eileen" - Dexys Midnight Runners · 1983: "Karma Chameleon" - Culture Club · 1984: "Do They Know It's Christmas?" - Band Aid · 1985: "The Power of Love" - Jennifer Rush · 1986: "Don't Leave Me This Way" - The Communards · 1987: "Never Gonna Give You Up" - Rick Astley · 1988: "Mistletoe and Wine" - Cliff Richard · 1989: "Ride on Time" - Black Box Complete list (1952–1969) (1970–1989) (1990–2009) (2010–2029)

Authority control: LCCN: n50044893 | WorldCat

Persondata
Name	Richard, Cliff, Sir
Alternative names	Webb, Harry Rodger (birth name)
Short description	English singer and actor
Date of birth	14 October 1940
Place of birth	Lucknow, United Provinces, British India
Date of death
Place of death