Joseph Raz (Hebrew: יוסף רז‎; born 21 March 1939) is a legal, moral and political philosopher. He is one of the most prominent advocates of legal positivism. He has spent most of his career as professor of philosophy of law and a fellow of Balliol College, Oxford, and simultaneously as professor of law at Columbia University Law School. Raz is currently a visiting professor at King's College London. Several of Raz's students have become important legal and moral philosophers, including the two current Professors in Jurisprudence at Oxford, John Gardner and Leslie Green.

Born in Mandate Palestine in 1939, Joseph Raz graduated in 1963 from the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel with a Magister Juris (Master of Jurisprudence), summa cum laude. Later, with funds provided by the Hebrew University, Raz pursued a Doctor of Philosophy (DPhil) at Oxford University under the supervision of H. L. A. Hart. This was by no means coincidental; Raz had met Hart earlier at a conference in Israel. Hart says that at this meeting, Raz pointed out a flaw in his reasoning that had previously eluded him. Hart encouraged him to go to Oxford for further study.

Joseph Bell, JP, DL, FRCS (2 December 1837 – 4 October 1911) was a famous Scottish lecturer at the medical school of the University of Edinburgh in the 19th century. He is perhaps best known as an inspiration for the literary character Sherlock Holmes. He was a great-grandson of Benjamin Bell, a forensic surgeon. In his instruction, Bell emphasized the importance of close observation in making a diagnosis. To illustrate this, he would often pick a stranger and, by observing him, deduce his occupation and recent activities. These skills caused him to be considered a pioneer in forensic science (forensic pathology in particular) at a time when science was not yet widely used in criminal investigations.

Arthur Conan Doyle met Bell in 1877, and served as his clerk at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. Doyle later went on to write a series of popular stories featuring Sherlock Holmes, whom Doyle stated was loosely based on Bell and his observant ways. Bell was aware of this inspiration and took some pride in it. According to Irving Wallace (in an essay originally in his book The Fabulous Originals but later republished and updated in his collection The Sunday Gentleman) Bell was involved in several police investigations, mostly in Scotland, such as the Ardlamont Mystery of 1893, usually with forensic expert Professor Henry Littlejohn. Supposedly both were involved in the "Jack the Ripper" investigation and, though it was never disclosed, seven days after Bell submitted the name of his suspect, the killings stopped.^{[citation needed]}

Cathleen Kaveny is an American legal scholar and theologian focusing on the relationship between law and morality. She is currently John P. Murphy Foundation Professor of Law and Theology at Notre Dame Law School, where she has been on the faculty since 1995.

Kaveny has published over forty articles and essays, in journals and books specializing in law, ethics, and medical ethics. She has served on the editorial boards of The American Journal of Jurisprudence, The Journal of Religious Ethics, the Journal of Law and Religion, and The Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics. Kaveny is also a member of the advisory board of Notre Dame's Erasmus Institute, which was created in 1997 to encourage religiously-based intellectual traditions in contemporary scholarship.

On March 1, 2012, Kaveny was the guest on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart where she discussed the legal and theological issues surrounding the Catholic Church's position on contraception.[1]

Kaveny earned her A.B. at Princeton University and an M.A., an M.Phil., a J.D. and a Ph.D. from Yale University. Before joining the Notre Dame faculty, she clerked for Judge John T. Noonan Jr. of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and worked for a large firm in Boston.

Adam Buxton and Joe Cornish are British comedy performers known together as Adam and Joe. They are best known for presenting Adam and Joe on BBC 6 Music, and The Adam and Joe Show on Channel 4 from 1996 to 2001.

Adam and Joe began working on comedy material during their time at Westminster School together, where they created numerous amateur films along with their friend Louis Theroux. Some of these films were submitted to Channel 4's home video showcase Takeover TV in 1994 and led to Adam hosting that show in 1995.

Together they hosted The Adam and Joe Show on Channel 4 from 1996 - 2001. They won the Royal Television Society Best Newcomers Award in 1998, published The Adam and Joe Book in 1999, and presented BBC Three's coverage of the Glastonbury Festival in 2000 and 2002. Other spin-off projects included Adam & Joe's Fourmative Years in 1998 and Adam and Joe's American Animation Adventure in 2001.

They directed pop promos for Frank Black and Gorky's Zygotic Mynci, as well as appearing in two Surf washing powder commercials, in which they comically set upon Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen and Keith Harris and Orville.

Joe Gold (born Sydney Gold, March 10, 1922 in Boyle Heights, Los Angeles, California, died - July 11, 2004 in Marina del Rey, California) was the founder of Gold's Gym and World Gym. He has been credited with being the father of the bodybuilding and fitness craze that swept the US.

Joe Gold was the son of Max and Jennie Gold, a Russian Jewish family residing in Boyle Heights, Los Angeles [1].

Joe Gold began his interest in bodybuilding at the age of 12, when he saw his sister-in-law's design for strengthening her arms. She had attached a filled bucket to each end of a broom handle and was using them as lifts. Joe and his brother, Robert Gold, got the idea for building their own equipment from scrap obtained from Roberts scrap yard.

As a teenager he headed for Muscle Beach in Santa Monica.

A machinist, he served in the United States Merchant Marine during World War II where he was injured in a torpedo attack as well as serving in the Korean War.

As a professional bodybuilder, he auditioned for Mae West with a group of musclemen. West approved, "I'll take all of you." Joe Gold toured the country in her revue. He also appeared as an extra in two epic movies: The Ten Commandments and Around the World in 80 Days, both in 1956.