The members of the conference held in Bangalore in 1915 which led to the creation of Kannada Saahithya Parishath

Kannada Saahithya Parishath (Kannada: ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಪರಿಷತ್ತು) is an Indian non-profit organisation that promotes the Kannada language. Its headquarters is in the city of Bangalore, in the state of Karnataka, India. It strives to promote Kannada through publishing books, organising literary seminars and promoting research projects. It also organises an annual conference on Kannada literature called Kannada Sahithya Sammelana.

Origin[link]

During the British rule of India, the people who spoke Kannada language were spread across different provinces. Coming under the influence of different languages in those provinces, the pronunciation and grammar of Kannada language started to differ across provinces. This led to a gap in communication across the people in these provinces though they spoke the same language of Kannada.^[1] Mokshagundam Vishweshwaraiah, who was the Diwan of the Mysore Kingdom felt the need to conserve and promote the Kannada language and literature. In this direction, he started the Mysore Economic Conference and created a study circle under the responsibility of H. V. Nanjundaiah. A sub-committee formed under the study circle came up with five different topics on which suggestions were invited:^[1]

• To come up with ideas to promote unity and co-operation among Kannada speakers spread across different regions.
• To come up with suggestions for a common written Kannada which had diversified across different regions
• To ensure that students learning Kannada language use a common text book
• To improve the general knowledge among the Kannada speaking population by publishing appropriate books.
• To come up with appropriate Kannada translations for words used in other languages, especially the scientific words.

The sub-committee received good responses from the public and it decided to organise a conference in Bangalore on 3 May 1915 to act upon these suggestions. The conference was held on the grounds of the Government High School and was attended by littérateurs, newspaper editors and other dignitaries from different regions. The conference came up with a proposal to create the Karnataka Sahitya Parishat with a mandate to conserve and promote Kannada language and literature. H. V. Nanjundaiah was unanimously elected to be the President of the Parishat.^[1] Apart from the Mysore province, the Karnataka Sahitya Parishat was simultaneously started in the Madras, Mumbai, Hyderabad and Kodagu provinces.

Growth[link]

H. V. Nanjundaiah remained as President of the Parishat for the first five years of its creation. In 1935, a proposal to conduct an annual event under the aegis of the Parishat called as Kannada Sahitya Sammelana was decided. The foundation ceremony of a separate building to house the Parishat was organised on 12 April 1937 under the Presidentship of Karpura Srinivas Rao. The construction of this building was completed on 29 May 1938. B M Srikantaiah was the Vice President of the Parishat from 1938 till 1942. In 1938, the name of Karnataka Sahitya Parishat was changed to Kannada Sahitya Parishat. Under the guidance of B M Srikantaiah, the logo of the Parishat containing the map of the Mysore province with the phrase Sirigannadam gelge, Kannada Sahitya Parishat written inside it was created.^[1] Over the period of time; a women's wing, a publishing house, a Kannada journal and literature exams were also added to the repertoire of the Parishat. Kannada Sahitya Parishat branches at the district and taluk levels were also created. A new building is being constructed to replace the exiting building of the Parishat at a cost of Rupees five crores.^[2] During its existence, the Parishat has contributed to the growth of Kannada language by organising conferences and debates, publication and release of books, organising talks by eminent littérateurs and also by holding the annual Kannada Sahitya Sammelana.

Criticism[link]

In the recent past, it seems that the Parishat has lost focus on its goals due to various reasons including lack of funds and political interference.^[3] There were also reports of irregularities conducted within the Parishat in the year 1987, which prompted the Karnataka Government to nominate an Administrator to the Parishat. The office of the Administrator was removed in the year 1989.^[1]

See also[link]

• Kannada Sahitya Sammelana
• List of Kannada Sahitya Sammelana

Notes[link]

v t e  Karnataka topics Overviews Architecture Cinema Climate Cuisine Demography Economy Education Folk Arts Geography History Media People Sports Transportation Wildlife History Aihole Alupas Amoghavarsha Badami Banavasi Chalukyas Chitradurga Nayaka Gangas Halmidi Hampi Hoysala Empire Kadambas Keladi Nayaka Kittur Chennamma Manyakheta Pattadakal Pulakesi II Rashtrakutas Srirangapatna Tipu Sultan Unification of Karnataka Vijayanagara empire Western Chalukyas Mysore Kingdom Geography Cities and towns Districts Rivers Taluks Villages Bayaluseeme Malenadu Karavali Western Ghats Culture Bharatanatya Bhuta Kola Bidriware Channapatna toys Chitrakala Parishat Gaarudi Gombe Ilkal saree Kamsale Kannada Karnatik music Kasuti Khedda Mysore Dasara Togalu Gombeyaata Udupi cuisine Veeragase Yakshagana Mysore musicians Literature Haridasa Hoysala Kannada (Medieval Modern Poetry Vijayanagara Western Chalukya) Kannada Sahitya Parishat Kannada Sahitya Sammelana Karnataka Rashtrakuta Vachana Vijayanagara Western Ganga Mysore Society Karnataka ethnic groups People Akka Mahadevi Aluru Venkata Rao C. N. R. Rao U.R. Ananthamurthy Anil Kumble Rahul Dravid Basavanna Bhimsen Joshi K.M. Cariappa Chandrashekhara Kambara Da Ra Bendre Kuvempu Vi Kru Gokak Masti Venkatesh Iyengar Shivarama Karanth Gubbi Veeranna Jakanachari Kengal Hanumanthaiah Kuvempu H. Narasimhaiah N.R. Narayana Murthy S. Nijalingappa Pampa Prakash Padukone Purandara Dasa Rajkumar Vishnuvardhan Sree Sree Shivakumara Swamiji Visvesvaraya Tourism Beaches Dams Forts National Parks Temples Waterfalls Awards Karnataka Ratna Pampa Prashasti Basava Puraskara Rajyotsava Prashasti Jakanachari Award Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award

Pundalika Halambi is the 24th President of Kannada Sahitya Parishat,^[1] an Indian non-profit organisation that promotes the Kannada language.

References[link]

This Indian biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Song In (in hangul 송인, in hanja 宋仁) was a civil official in the mid-Goryeo era who became the intermediary founder of the Jincheon Song clan. His highest post was munha pyeongjangsa (문하 평장사). This was the highest government position in the period. Song In was responsible for administration, judicial affairs and economy in the district.^[1]

As he performed meritorious deeds during the King, he was conferred with Chanhwagongsin and Jincheonbaek. Baek was a position of politicians who were responsible for administration, judicial affairs and economy in the district. As the government created him Jincheonbaek, his family started regarding Jincheon as their origin. Hence, the family origin became Jincheon Song.

When he was in the position of Sangsanbaek, he tried to be just and fair in all the administrative affairs and strived to enhance the welfare of his people. He also focused on education for the youth and courtesy for people, which made his district famous for most excellent behaviors in the nation. After that, the people have long paid tribute to his feats.

During the insurrection of Yi Jagyeom in the 4th year of King Injong of Goryeo's reign in 1126, he was killed by a rebellious band led by Cheok Jun-gyeong while escorting the king. After the rebels were put down, Song In was posthumously named 'meritous subject' and titled Lord Sangsanbaek (상산백).

Song In was born in Durujinmaeul (village), Duchon-ri, Deoksan-myeon in 1125 during the reign of King Injong of the Goryeo Dynasty. He was promoted to Pyeonjangsa, which was the highest government position in the period.

Tomb of Song In[link]

Chungcheongbuk-do Monument No. 91 Location: Duchon-ri, Deoksan-myeon, Jincheon-gun

This is the tomb of Song In (?-1126). It has a rectangular-shaped protective wall surrounding the tomb, typical of the Goryeo style. There are two tombstones erected in the late Joseon Dynasty period.

In the grave area, there are many tombs that belong to the clan. In front of his tomb stands the jaesil (chamber for memorial rites) with the tablet reading 'Sangsanjae'.

His grave is in Duchon-ri, Deoksan-myeon, which had been called Duruji, Sanjeong-myeon. The beautiful peak behind his grave is called Mountain Bibong which was named after Bongsae (bird) that is said to live in heaven and to fly down to sit on the summit. However, after the statue was inscribed of In Gong, the founder of Jincheon Song, the peak was compared to a slowly dropped ume flower. Thus, Mountain Bibong was called Maesanbibong, in which 'Mae' was named after an ume flower instead of a bird.

As he was a meritorious subject and served as a Pyeongjangsa (higher government official), the government ordered his grave mound to be surrounded by stones and a monument. The grave is one of the oldest ones in Jincheon and is recorded in Seokchong (stone tomb) in Hwanyeoseungram.

Thousands of descendents of Jincheon Song are living across the nation. Song Guk-cheom and Song Eon-gi who were devoted to fight against the Mongolian invasion into Goryeo are also the offspring of Jincheonbaek.

See also[link]

• Song (Korean name)
• Bon-gwan

References[link]

External links[link]

• Photo of the tomb
• Song In
• Monument 91, Tomb of Song In
• Jincheon Song bon-gwan information (Korean)
• Jincheon Song bon-gwan website (Korean)
• http://www.jincheon.go.kr/english/sub04/sub0404_01.jsp

This Korean biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

This Korean history-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

S.L. Bhyrappa
Born	Santeshivar Lingannaiah Bhyrappa (1931-08-20) August 20, 1931 (age 80) Santeshivara, Hassan district, Karnataka, India
Occupation	Writer, Novelist, Professor
Nationality	India
Genres	Fiction, History
Influences Gorur Ramaswamy Iyengar, Adi Shankaracharya, M.K. Gandhi, Ananda Coomaraswamy, Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, Swami Vivekananda
www.slbhyrappa.com

Santeshivara Lingannaiah Bhyrappa (Kannada: ಸಂತೇಶಿವರ ಲಿಂಗಣ್ಣಯ್ಯ ಭೈರಪ್ಪ) (born August 20, 1931), is a Kannada novelist, whose works are immensely popular both within and beyond Karnataka.^[1] Bhyrappa is widely regarded as one of India's foremost modern-day writers.^[2] His novels are unique in terms of theme, structure, and characterization.^[3] He has been among the top selling authors of Kannada, Hindi and Marathi for the past several years.^[4] Most of his works reveal the theme of Advaita vedanta and search of truth^{[citation needed]}. Although S. L. Bhyrappa participated in the freedom struggle of Indian Independence at an early age, he believes that Indian Independence was just a political freedom from British rule, and the real Independence is the intellectual freedom which is nurtured by the strong foundations laid in the teachings of rich Indian culture and values. He has been awarded with the 20th Saraswati Samman for 2010.

Bhyrappa's works do not fit into any specific genre of contemporary Kannada literature such as Navodaya, Navya, Bandaya, or Dalita partly because of the range of topics they deal with. His major works have been the centre of several heated public debates and controversies.^[1]

Biography[link]

Early life[link]

Bhyrappa was born in a Hoysala Karnataka Brahmin family at Santeshivara, a remote village in Channarayapatna taluk of Hassan district, about 200 km from Bangalore. He lost his mother to Bubonic plague early in childhood and took on odd jobs to pay for his education. His childhood influences include the Kannada literature Gorur Ramaswamy Iyengar; Bhyrappa briefly participated in the Indian freedom struggle when he was aged 13.

Bhyrappa completed his primary education in Channarayapatna taluk before moving to Mysore where he completed the rest of his education. His autobiography, Bhitti (Wall) records a break in his high school education. Bhyrappa impulsively quit school, following his cousin's advice and wandered for a year with him. His sojourn led him to Mumbai, where he worked as a railway porter. In Mumbai he met a group of sadhus and joined them to seek spiritual solace. He wandered with them for a few months before returning to Mysore to resume his education.

Education[link]

• High School - Navodaya High School (now), Channarayapatna, Sharada Vilas High School, Mysore
• B.A (Hons) - Philosophy (Major), Mysore University
• M.A - Philosophy, awarded the gold medal by Mysore University
• Doctor of Philosophy - Satya mattu Soundarya (Truth and Beauty) written in English, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda

Career[link]

S L Bhyrappa was a lecturer of Philosophy at Sri Kadasiddheshwar college, Hubli, Sardar Patel University of Gujarat, NCERT Delhi, and the Regional College of Education, Mysore from where he retired in 1991.

Bhyrappa has two sons, and lives with his wife in Mysore.

Works[link]

Bhyrappa has produced several popular novels. Some of his early novels were also critically acclaimed. Starting with Dharmashree, first published in 1961, Bhyrappa has authored twenty novels in a career spanning four decades. His major novels have generated public discussions and debates.

Vamshavruksha, Tabbaliyu Neenade Magane, Matadana and Nayi Neralu have been made into films and have bagged major awards. Vamshavruksha has received Kannada Sahitya Academy Award in 1966 and Daatu (Crossing Over) has received both Kannada and Kendra Sahitya Academy awards in 1975.^[5] Parva has been the most discussed and applauded among all of his novels. It narrates the social structure, values and the mystery of mortality in the epoch of Mahabharata very effectively. Bhyrappa reconstructed Mahabharatha from sociological and anthropological angle, through metaphors in this novel.^[6]

In addition to novels, Bhyrappa has written tomes pertaining to literature and philosophy such as ' Satya mattu saundarya ' ( Truth and beauty ), Sahitya mattu prateeka, Kate mattu katavastu and Naneke bareyuttene?.

Popularity[link]

Bhyrappas novels have been translated into most Indian languages and English.^[2] Bhyrappa has been the top selling author in Kannada for past 25 years and past 8 years in Marathi. He has also been among the top five best selling authors in Hindi.^[4]

Most of his novels have been reprinted several times. His latest novels Aavarana was sold out even before its release. The novel went on to create a record in Indian literary world by witnessing 10 reprints within five months of its release.^[7]

All his novels are published by Saahitya Bhandaara located in "Balepet" Bangalore.

Controversies[link]

Bhyrappa was the center of controversies in certain quarters because of his selection of themes and also because of his stands.^[1] Most of Bhyrappa's prominent novels (Vamshavruksha, Tabbaliyu Neenaade Magane, Parva, and Saartha) have strong roots in ancient Indian philosophical tradition, a fact which invited severe criticism initially from the Navya writers and from others later.

Bhyrappa supported N. R. Narayana Murthy when the latter was criticized by media and public regarding the controversy concerning playing instrumental version of national anthem. He also backed N. R. Narayana Murthy regarding Kaveri issue saying riots and protests are not going to solve the issue.^[8]

Bhyrappa had a debate with Girish Karnad in Vijaya Karnataka regarding religious tolerance of Tippu Sultan. In Bhyrappa’s novel Aavarana, he had accused Tippu Sultan as a religious fanatic who wouldn't stand Hindus in his court. Bhyrappa had substantiated the argument based on the facts pointing to several historic references written in India during Tippu’s rule. One of the references was the usage of Urdu word ‘bin’ which is used to refer a person as a ‘son of’ in Government of Karnataka office’s even today. The source of the word had originated during the Tippu Sultans rule, which was one of the several methods used to influence Islamic rules on Hindus. There are numerous instances in his book, which stated various methods used by Tippu Sultan to convert Hindus to Islam, each of these instances clearly given with a sound historic reference in the book. This was criticized by Girish Karnad, who had glorified Tippu in his plays. Bhyrappa accused Karnad of being untruthful in giving factual account of Tippu Sultan in his plays and suggested him to read the references of his book Aavarana and understand the history of fanatic Islamic rulers in India before glorifying anyone by falsifying the truth.

Dr. U.R. Ananthamurthy was an early and prominent critic of Bhyrappa's novels. Bhyrappa has documented his debate with Ananthamurthy in Bhitti, as well as in a few essays in Naaneke Bareyuttene. Recently Bhyrappa's latest novel Avarana, which Bhyrappa claims as historical truths about what Islamic rule have done to Indian social/cultural life, has stirred a major controversy in Karnataka. There has been accusations that Bhyrappa is a Hindu fundamentalist who wants to divide society on the basis of history, an allegation which Bhyrappa himself anticipates and refutes in his novel 'Avarana'.^[9] Dr. U.R. Ananthamurthy, another big name in Kannada literature has criticised Bhyrappa and his works, terming Aavarana as dangerous. He said that Bhyrappa was a debater who "doesn’t know what Hindu religion stands for" and "does not know how to write novels".^[10] However Bhyrappa claims that the novel was result of his search for truth and there was no ulterior motive behind the novel. He urges critics to study the reference books mentioned in the novel before arriving at any conclusion.^[11]

Awards[link]

• Nadoja Award in 2011
• Saraswati Samman for his novel Mandra in 2011.
• NTR National literary award in 2007.^[12]
• Honorary Doctorate from Gulbarga University in 2007.
• Pampa Award in 2005.^[13]
• Sahitya Akademi award in 1975.
• Kannada Sahitya Academy award in 1966.
• Bhyrappa was elected as the president of Kannada Sahitya Sammelana held in Kanakapura in 1999.

Works[link]

Novels[link]

• Gatha Janma (1955) Matteradu Kathegalu
• Bheemakaaya (1958)
• Belaku Mooditu (1959)
• Dharmashree (1961)
• Doora saridaru (1962)
• Matadana (1965)
• Vamshavruksha (1965)
• Jalapaata (1967)
• Naayi Neralu (1968)
• Tabbaliyu neenaade magane (1968)
• Gruhabhanga (1970)
• Nirakarana (1971)
• Grahana (1991)
• Dhaatu (1972)
• Anweshane (1976)
• Parva(1979)
• Nele (1983)
• Saakshi (1986)
• Anchu (1990)
• Tantu (1993)
• Saartha (1998)
• Mandra (2001)
• Aavarana (2007)
• Kavalu (2010)

Autobiography[link]

• Bhitti (1996, reprinted:1997, 2000, 2006)

Philosophy[link]

• Satya mattu Soundarya (1966) (Doctoral thesis)
• Saahitya mattu Prateeka (1967)
• Kathe mattu Kathavastu (1969)
• Naaneke Bareyuttene? (1980)
• Sandarbha: Samvada (2011)

To Buy these Books[link]

http://sahityabna.homestead.com/email.html

Bhyrappa's works translated into other languages[link]

• Dharmashree  : Sanskrit, Marathi
• Vamshavruksha  : Telugu, Marathi, Hindi, Urdu, English
• Nayi-Neralu  : Gujarati, Hindi
• Tabbaliyu Neenade Magane : Hindi
• Gruhabhanga  : All 14 scheduled languages of India, English
• Nirakarana  : Hindi
• Daatu  : All 14 scheduled languages of India, English
• Anveshana  : Marathi, Hindi
• Parva  : Telugu, Marathi, Hindi, Bengali, Tamil, English
• Nele  : Hindi
• Sakshi  : Hindi, English
• Anchu  : Marathi, Hindi
• Tantu  : Marathi, Hindi
• Sartha  : Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi, English
• Aavarana  : Sanskrit, Marathi
• Naneke Bareyuttene  : Marathi, English
• Satya mattu Soundarya  : English
• Bhitti  : Marathi, Hindi
• Mandra  : Marathi, Hindi

Bhyrappa's novels on screen[link]

Movies[link]

• Vamshavruksha (1972)
• Tabbaliyu Neenade Magane (1977)
• Matadana (2001)
• Nayi-Neralu (2006)

Television series[link]

• Gruhabhanga
• Daatu

See also[link]

• Kannada
• Kannada literature

Footnotes[link]

References[link]

• Bhitti (Mural) by S.L. Bhyrappa, an autobiography
• Naaneke Bareyuttene by S.L. Bhyrappa, a collection of essays about writing
• S. L. Bhyrappa Badaku-Baraha by Nagaraj Neeragunda on S.L. Bhyrappa's life and works

External links and Further Reading[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: S. L. Bhyrappa

• Interview with S L Bhyrappa - Times of India [1]
• Interview with Bhyrappa on Churumuri
• Pampa Award to Bhyrappa in 2001
• Belagere Krishnashastri, Mareyaladeete, for a warm hearted interpretation of the author's experiences with Bhyrappa.
• Bhyrappabhinandana, a feliciation book on S.L. Bhyrappa
• S.L. Bhyrappa Avara Krutigala Vimarshe a collection of literary criticism on S.L.Bhyrappa's works compiled by Sumateendra Nadig
• Mandra-Manthana, a collection of essays about S.L. Bhyrappa's novel, Mandra, by various literary critics

v t e  Karnataka topics Overviews Architecture Cinema Climate Cuisine Demography Economy Education Folk Arts Geography History Media People Sports Transportation Wildlife History Aihole Alupas Amoghavarsha Badami Banavasi Chalukyas Chitradurga Nayaka Gangas Halmidi Hampi Hoysala Empire Kadambas Keladi Nayaka Kittur Chennamma Manyakheta Pattadakal Pulakesi II Rashtrakutas Srirangapatna Tipu Sultan Unification of Karnataka Vijayanagara empire Western Chalukyas Mysore Kingdom Geography Cities and towns Districts Rivers Taluks Villages Bayaluseeme Malenadu Karavali Western Ghats Culture Bharatanatya Bhuta Kola Bidriware Channapatna toys Chitrakala Parishat Gaarudi Gombe Ilkal saree Kamsale Kannada Karnatik music Kasuti Khedda Mysore Dasara Togalu Gombeyaata Udupi cuisine Veeragase Yakshagana Mysore musicians Literature Haridasa Hoysala Kannada (Medieval Modern Poetry Vijayanagara Western Chalukya) Kannada Sahitya Parishat Kannada Sahitya Sammelana Karnataka Rashtrakuta Vachana Vijayanagara Western Ganga Mysore Society Karnataka ethnic groups People Akka Mahadevi Aluru Venkata Rao C. N. R. Rao U.R. Ananthamurthy Anil Kumble Rahul Dravid Basavanna Bhimsen Joshi K.M. Cariappa Chandrashekhara Kambara Da Ra Bendre Kuvempu Vi Kru Gokak Masti Venkatesh Iyengar Shivarama Karanth Gubbi Veeranna Jakanachari Kengal Hanumanthaiah Kuvempu H. Narasimhaiah N.R. Narayana Murthy S. Nijalingappa Pampa Prakash Padukone Purandara Dasa Rajkumar Vishnuvardhan Sree Sree Shivakumara Swamiji Visvesvaraya Tourism Beaches Dams Forts National Parks Temples Waterfalls Awards Karnataka Ratna Pampa Prashasti Basava Puraskara Rajyotsava Prashasti Jakanachari Award Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award