English grammar

English grammar is the structure of expressions in the English language. This includes the structure of words, phrases, clauses and sentences.

There are historical, social, cultural and regional variations of English. Divergences from the grammar described here occur in some dialects of English. This article describes a generalized present-day Standard English, the form of speech found in types of public discourse including broadcasting, education, entertainment, government, and news reporting, including both formal and informal speech. There are certain differences in grammar between the standard forms of British English, American English and Australian English, although these are inconspicuous compared with the lexical and pronunciation differences.

Word classes and phrases

Eight types of word ("word classes" or "parts of speech") are distinguished in English: nouns, determiners, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions. (Determiners, traditionally classified along with adjectives, have not always been regarded as a separate part of speech.) Interjections are another word class, but these are not described here as they do not form part of the clause and sentence structure of the language.

Light Yagami

Light Yagami (Japanese: 夜神 月(ライト), Hepburn: Yagami Raito) is a fictional character and the protagonist of the manga series Death Note, created by Tsugumi Ohba and Takeshi Obata. He is a bored young genius who finds the Death Note dropped by the Shinigami Ryuk by pure chance. Using the notebook, which allows its owner to kill anyone simply by knowing their name and face, Light becomes a mass-murderer known as Kira (キラ) in an attempt to create and rule a utopia cleansed of criminals, with him at the helm as a "god".

In the anime adaptation, he is voiced by Mamoru Miyano in the Japanese version and by Brad Swaile in the English; in the live-action film series, he is portrayed by Tatsuya Fujiwara, in the TV drama, he is portrayed by Masataka Kubota and, in the American film, he will be portrayed by Nat Wolff.

Creation and conception

Tsugumi Ohba, the story writer of Death Note, said that his editor suggested the family name "Yagami" for Light. Ohba said that he did not feel "too concerned" about the meaning of the name (the Kanji for "Yagami" are "night" and "god"); he said that after he created the final scene in the manga he "liked" that the final scene created "deeper significance" in the name, of Kira worshippers worshipping him at night under the light of the moon.

Light (novel)

Light is a science fiction novel by M. John Harrison published in 2002. It received the James Tiptree, Jr. Award and a BSFA nomination in 2002, and was shortlisted for the Arthur C. Clarke Award in 2003.

Overview

The book centres on the lives of three individuals — the physicist (and serial killer) Michael Kearney, on the verge of a breakthrough in theoretical physics sometime in 1999; Seria Mau Genlicher, the cybernetically-altered female pilot of a "K-ship", and the ex-space pilot and adventurer Ed Chianese. Seria Mau and Ed's stories take place in the year 2400 AD.

The lives of these three individuals are linked in many ways, though most tangibly by the presence of a mysterious creature called The Shrander, who appears in many guises to all three characters throughout the novel (with anagrammatic names of Sandra Shen and Dr. Haends). They are also linked by the Kefahuchi Tract, a space-time anomaly described as "a singularity without an event horizon", an object of awe and wonder that has been the ruin of many civilisations attempting to decode its mysteries.

Window

A window is an opening in a wall, door, roof or vehicle that allows the passage of light and, if not closed or sealed, air and sound.

Modern windows are usually glazed or covered in some other transparent or translucent material. Windows are held in place by frames. Many glazed windows may be opened, to allow ventilation, or closed, to exclude inclement weather. Windows often have a latch or similar mechanism to lock the window shut.

Types include the eyebrow window, fixed windows, single-hung and double-hung sash windows, horizontal sliding sash windows, casement windows, awning windows, hopper windows, tilt and slide windows (often door-sized), tilt and turn windows, transom windows, sidelight windows, jalousie or louvered windows, clerestory windows, skylights, roof windows, roof lanterns, bay windows, oriel windows, thermal, or Diocletian, windows, picture windows, emergency exit windows, stained glass windows, French windows, and double- and triple paned windows.

The Romans were the first known to use glass for windows, a technology likely first produced in Roman Egypt, in Alexandria ca. 100 AD. Paper windows were economical and widely used in ancient China, Korea and Japan. In England, glass became common in the windows of ordinary homes only in the early 17th century whereas windows made up of panes of flattened animal horn were used as early as the 14th century. Modern-style floor-to-ceiling windows became possible only after the industrial plate glass making processes were perfected.

Bindu (symbol)

Bindu (Sanskrit: बिंदु) is a Sanskrit word meaning "point" or "dot". A bindi is a small, ornamental, devotional dot applied to the forehead in Hinduism.

Philosophy

In metaphysics, Bindu is considered the point at which creation begins and may become unity. It is also described as "the sacred symbol of the cosmos in its unmanifested state." Bindu is the point around which the mandala is created, representing the universe.

Bindu is often merged with [seed] (or sperm) and ova. In the Yoga Chudamani Upanishad Bindu is a duality, with a white Bindu representing shukla (sperm) and a red Bindu representing maharaj (menses). The white Bindu resides in the bindu visarga and is related to Shiva and the Moon, while the red Bindu resides in the muladhara chakra and is related to Shakti and the Sun. In yoga, the union of these two parts results in the ascension of kundalini to the sahasrara.

Chakra

In Tantra, Bindu (or Bindu visarga—"falling of the drop") is a point at the back of the head where Brahmins grow their tuft of hair. This point is below the sahasrara chakra and above the ajna chakra, and is represented by a crescent moon with a white drop. It represents the manifestation of creations such as consciousness.

Bindu (actress)

Bindu (born 17 April 1951) is an actress in Indian cinema who was popular in the 1970s, receiving several award nominations. She has acted in over 160 movies in a career that spanned four decades, and is most remembered for her role as Shabnam in Kati Patang (1970).

Early life

Bindu was born to film producer Nanubhai Desai and his wife Jyotsna at a small village called Hanuman Bhagda in the district of Valsad in the Western Indian state of Gujarat. Bindu's road to success was not an easy one. Her father died when she was 3. Being the eldest daughter, the burden of earning money fell on her shoulders.

Bindu made her debut in Anpadh (1962), playing a young college graduate. She would have been about 11 at the time, which places her birth date in dispute.

Career

Bindu had early successes with Ittefaq and Do Raaste in 1969. From here she went on to write her success story with Shakti Samanta's Kati Patang (1970), where she had a sizzling cabaret dance, "Mera Naam Shabnam" to her credit; a number which is even today remembered as one of the highlights of the film.

Afsana Ara Bindu

Afsana Ara Bindu is a Bangladeshi model and actress. She was the first runner-up of the 2006 LUX Channel I Superstar.

Career

Bindu went on to become a model and an actress in films and TV dramas. Her first released film was Peeriter Dokandari. Daruchini Dip and Jaago are under production. Later, she acted in Daruchini Deep, written by Humayun Ahmed.

Awards and nominations

Filmography

References

Further reading