Café

Sunday, 09 December 2012

Oldelaf - Le café (sous titres français)

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Austria
Austria (ⁱ/ˈɒstriə/ or /ˈɔːstriə/; German: Österreich [ˈøːstɐˌʁaɪç] ( listen)), officially the Republic of Austria (German: Republik Österreich (help·info)), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.47 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Hungary and Slovakia to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers 83,855 square kilometres (32,377 sq mi) and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below 500 metres (1,640 ft), and its highest point is 3,798 metres (12,461 ft). The majority of the population speak local Austro-Bavarian dialects of German as their native language, and German in its standard form is the country's official language. Other local official languages are Burgenland Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
The origins of modern-day Austria date back to the time of the Habsburg dynasty when the vast majority of the country was a part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Austria became one of the great powers of Europe and, in response to the coronation of Napoleon I as the Emperor of the French, the Austrian Empire was officially proclaimed in 1804. In 1867, the Austrian Empire was reformed into Austria-Hungary.

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Belgium
Belgium (ⁱ/ˈbɛldʒəm/ BEL-jəm), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of 30,528 square kilometres (11,787 sq mi), and it has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups, the Dutch-speakers, mostly Flemish (about 60%), and the French-speakers, mostly Walloons (about 40%), plus a small group of German-speakers. Belgium's two largest regions are the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia. The Brussels-Capital Region, officially bilingual, is a mostly French-speaking enclave within the Flemish Region. A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in the political history and a complex system of government.

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Café Procope
Café Procope, in rue de l'Ancienne Comédie, 6th arrondissement, is called the oldest restaurant of Paris in continuous operation. It was opened in 1694 by the Sicilian Francesco Procopio dei Coltelli, with a slyly subversive name adopted from the historian Procopius, whose Secret History, the Anekdota, long known of, had been discovered in the Vatican Library and published for the first time ever in 1623: it told the scandals of Emperor Justinian, his ex-dancer Empress, and his court.
Café Procope, in the street then known as rue des Fossés-Saint-Germain-des-Prés, started as a café where gentlemen of fashion might drink coffee, the exotic beverage that had previously been served in taverns, or eat a sorbet, served up in porcelain cups by waiters in exotic "Armenian" garb. The escorted ladies who appeared at Café Procope in its earliest days soon disappeared. In 1689 the Comédie française was established across the street— hence the street's modern name— and the Procope became known as the "theatrical" café, and remained so: it was to the Procope on 18 December 1752 that Rousseau retired before the performance of his last play Narcisse had even finished, all too aware, now that he had seen it mounted, he said publicly, how boring it all was on the stage.

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Denmark
The Kingdom of Denmark (Danish: Kongeriget Danmark, pronounced [ˈkɔŋəʁiːəð ˈdanmɑɡ̊] ( listen)) is a constitutional monarchy and sovereign state consisting the country of Denmark in northern Europe and two autonomous constituent countries, the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic and Greenland in North America. The kingdom is a unitary state with some power being devolved from Denmark proper to Greenland and the Faroe Islands; this polity is referred to as the Danish Realm. Denmark proper is the hegemonial area, where judicial, executive, and legislative power resides. The Faroe Islands are defined to be a community of people within the kingdom, and the Greenlandic people are defined as a separate people with the right to self-determination.
Denmark is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, located southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland and many islands, most notably Zealand, Funen, Lolland, Falster and Bornholm, as well as hundreds of minor islands often referred to as the Danish Archipelago.

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France
France (English ⁱ/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] ( listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km² (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km² / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.

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Germany
Germany (ⁱ/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ( listen)), is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km² and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since. Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.

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Italy
Italy ⁱ/ˈɪtəli/ (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in south-central Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some 301,338 km² (116,347 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.6 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in the world.
Rome, the capital of Italy, was for centuries a political and religious centre of Western civilisation as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later, Italy became the birthplace of Maritime republics and the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought.

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Netherlands
The Netherlands (ⁱ/ˈnɛðərləndz/; Dutch: Nederland [ˈneːdə(r)lɑnt] or [ˈneɪ̯də(r)lɑnt] ( listen); West Frisian: Nederlân; Papiamento: Hulanda) is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with some islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders with Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom. It is a parliamentary democracy organised as a unitary state. The country capital is Amsterdam and the seat of government is The Hague. The Netherlands in its entirety is often referred to as Holland, although North and South Holland are actually only two of its twelve provinces (a case of pars pro toto; see terminology of "the Netherlands").

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Norway
Norway ⁱ/ˈnɔrweɪ/ (Norwegian: Norge (Bokmål) or Noreg (Nynorsk)), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and the subantarctic Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres (148,747 sq mi) and a population of about 5 million. It is the second least densely populated country in Europe. The majority of the country shares a border to the east with Sweden; its northernmost region is bordered by Finland to the south and Russia to the east; in its south Norway borders the Skagerrak Strait across from Denmark. The capital city of Norway is Oslo. Norway's extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea, is home to its famous fjords.

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Oregon
Oregon (ⁱ/ˈɔrɨɡən/ ORR-ə-gən) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is located on the Pacific coast, with Washington to the north, California to the south, Nevada on the southeast and Idaho to the east. The Columbia and Snake rivers delineate much of Oregon's northern and eastern boundaries, respectively. The area was inhabited by many indigenous tribes before the arrival of traders, explorers, and settlers who formed an autonomous government in Oregon Country in 1843. The Oregon Territory was created in 1848, and Oregon became the 33rd state on February 14, 1859.
Oregon is the 9th most extensive and the 27th most populous of the 50 United States. Salem is the state's capital and third-most-populous city; Portland is the most populous. Portland is the 29th-largest U.S. city, with a population of 583,776 (2010 US Census) and a metro population of 2,241,841 (2009 estimate), the 23rd-largest U.S. metro area. The valley of the Willamette River in western Oregon is the state's most densely populated area and is home to eight of the ten most populous cities.

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Poland
Poland ⁱ/ˈpoʊlənd/ (Polish: Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska; Kashubian: Pòlskô Repùblika; Silesian: Polsko Republika), is a country in Central Europe, bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,679 square kilometres (120,726 sq mi), making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous post-communist member. Poland is a unitary state made up of 16 voivodeships. Poland is a member of the European Union, NATO, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), European Economic Area, International Energy Agency, Council of Europe, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, International Atomic Energy Agency, G6, Council of the Baltic Sea States, Visegrád Group, Weimar Triangle and Schengen Agreement.

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Portugal
Portugal ⁱ/ˈpɔrtʃʉɡəl/ (Portuguese: Portugal, IPA: [puɾtuˈɣaɫ]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa) is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula . Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are part of Portugal. The country is named after its second largest city, Porto, whose Latin name was Portus Cale.
The land within the borders of the current Portuguese Republic has been continuously settled since prehistoric times: occupied by Celts like the Gallaeci and the Lusitanians, integrated into the Roman Republic and later settled by Germanic peoples such as the Suebi, Swabians, Vandals and the Visigoths. In the 8th century most of the Iberian Peninsula was conquered by Moorish invaders professing Islam, which were later expelled by the Knights Templar under the Order of Christ. During the Christian Reconquista, Portugal established itself as an independent kingdom from León in 1139, claiming to be the oldest European nation state.

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Republic of Ireland
Ireland (/ˈaɪərlənd/ or /ˈɑrlənd/; Irish: Éire, pronounced [ˈeːɾʲə] ( listen)) is a sovereign state in Europe occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. Its capital is Dublin. The population of the state was 4.59 million in 2011. It is a constitutional republic governed as a parliamentary democracy, with an elected president serving as head of state. In the 1937 constitution, the name of the state is given as simply "Ireland". The Constitution of Ireland (Article 4) and the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 provides that the "Republic of Ireland" (Irish: Poblacht na hÉireann) is "the description of the state".
Ireland is a member of the European Union, the Council of Europe, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Trade Organisation and the United Nations. A developed country with the seventh highest Human Development Index, Ireland is also highly ranked for press freedom, economic freedom and democracy and political freedom.
The modern Irish state was established in 1922 as the Irish Free State, a dominion within the British Empire, following the Anglo-Irish Treaty which brought an end to the Irish War of Independence. The partition of Ireland had already been provided for in previous British legislation in 1921 in response to opposition to Irish Home Rule or independence by Unionists, who formed a majority in the north-eastern part of the country. Six of the nine counties in the northern province of Ulster were established under that legislation as Northern Ireland, part of the United Kingdom, with which the Irish state shares its only land border. The state is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Celtic Sea to the south, St George's Channel to the south east, and the Irish Sea to the east.

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Sweden
Sweden (ⁱ/ˈswiːdən/ SWEE-dən; Swedish: Sverige [ˈsværjɛ] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige (help·info)), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Øresund.
At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the third largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of about 9.4 million. Sweden has a low population density of 21 inhabitants per square kilometre (54 /sq mi) with the population mostly concentrated to the southern half of the country. About 85% of the population live in urban areas. Sweden's capital city is Stockholm, which is also the largest city.
Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages. In the 17th century, the country expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire. The empire grew to be one of the great powers of Europe in the 17th and early 18th century. Most of the conquered territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost during the 18th and 19th centuries. The eastern half of Sweden, present-day Finland, was lost to Russia in 1809. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Sweden by military means forced Norway into a personal union. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, practicing "non-participation in military alliances during peacetime and neutrality during wartime". However, Sweden has been a member of the European Union since 1 January 1995 and is a member of the OECD.

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Turkey
Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye), known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( Türkiye Cumhuriyeti (help·info)), is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia (mostly in the Anatolian peninsula) and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea is to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between East Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. The vast majority of the population are Muslims. The country's official language is Turkish, whereas Kurdish and Zazaki languages are spoken by Kurds and Zazas, who constitute 18% of the population.

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Ukraine
Ukraine (ⁱ/juːˈkreɪn/ yew-KRAYN; Ukrainian: Україна, transliterated: Ukrayina, [ukrɑˈjinɑ]; Russian: Украина; Crimean Tatar: Ukraina) is a country in Central and Eastern Europe. Ukraine borders the Russian Federation to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after the Russian Federation.
According to a popular and well established theory, the medieval state of Kievan Rus was established by the Varangians in the 9th century as the first historically recorded East Slavic state which emerged as a powerful nation in the Middle Ages until it disintegrated in the 12th century. By the middle of the 14th century, Ukrainian territories were under the rule of three external powers—the Golden Horde, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Kingdom of Poland. After the Great Northern War (1700–1721) Ukraine was divided between a number of regional powers and, by the 19th century, the largest part of Ukraine was integrated into the Russian Empire with the rest under Austro-Hungarian control. A chaotic period of incessant warfare ensued, with several internationally recognized attempts at independence from 1917 to 1921, following World War I and the Russian Civil War. Ukraine emerged from its own civil war, and on December 30, 1922 Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic became one of the founding republics of the Soviet Union. The Ukrainian SSR's territory was enlarged westward during the civil war shortly before, and after World War II, and further south in 1954 with the Crimea transfer. In 1945, the Ukrainian SSR became one of the founding members of the United Nations.

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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.

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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km²) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.

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Arab
Arab people, also known as Arabs (Arabic: عرب‎, ʿarab), are a panethnicity primarily living in the Arab world, which is located in Western Asia and North Africa. They are identified as such on one or more of genealogical, linguistic, or cultural grounds, with tribal affiliations, and intra-tribal relationships playing an important part of Arab identity.
The word "Arab" has had several different, but overlapping, meanings over the centuries (and sometimes even today). In addition to including all Arabized people of the world (with language tending to be the acid test), it has also at times been used exclusively for bedouin (Arab nomads [although a related word, "`a-RAB," with the Arabic letter "alif" in the second syllable, once was sometimes used when this specific meaning was intended] and their now almost entirely settled descendants). It is sometimes used that way colloquially even today in some places. Townspeople once were sometimes called "sons of the Arabs." As in the case of other ethnicities or nations, people identify themselves (or are identified by others) as "Arabs" to varying degrees. This may not be one's primary identity (it tends to compete with country, religion, sect, etc.), and whether it is emphasized may depend upon one's audience.

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Austria
Austria (ⁱ/ˈɒstriə/ or /ˈɔːstriə/; German: Österreich [ˈøːstɐˌʁaɪç] ( listen)), officially the Republic of Austria (German: Republik Österreich (help·info)), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.47 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Hungary and Slovakia to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers 83,855 square kilometres (32,377 sq mi) and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below 500 metres (1,640 ft), and its highest point is 3,798 metres (12,461 ft). The majority of the population speak local Austro-Bavarian dialects of German as their native language, and German in its standard form is the country's official language. Other local official languages are Burgenland Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
The origins of modern-day Austria date back to the time of the Habsburg dynasty when the vast majority of the country was a part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Austria became one of the great powers of Europe and, in response to the coronation of Napoleon I as the Emperor of the French, the Austrian Empire was officially proclaimed in 1804. In 1867, the Austrian Empire was reformed into Austria-Hungary.

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Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire or Turkish Empire or Sublime Ottoman State or sometimes also referred to as Turkey (Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه Devlet-i ʿAliyye-yi ʿOsmâniyye (also عثمانلى دولتى Osmanlı Devleti),Modern Turkish: Osmanlı Devleti or Osmanlı İmparatorluğu) was a Turkish empire which lasted from 27 July 1299 to 1 November 1922, when the Sultanate was abolished.
The Ottoman Empire was one of the largest and longest lasting empires in history; such that the Ottoman State, its politics, conflicts, and cultural heritage in a vast geography provide one of the longest continuous narratives. During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the empire was one of the most powerful states in the world – a multinational, multilingual empire that stretched from the southern borders of the Holy Roman Empire to the outskirts of Vienna, Royal Hungary (modern Slovakia) and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the north to Yemen and Eritrea in the south; from Algeria in the west to Azerbaijan in the east; controlling much of southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa. At the beginning of the 17th century the empire contained 32 provinces and numerous vassal states, some of which were later absorbed into the empire, while others were granted various types of autonomy during the course of centuries.

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Sandwich
A sandwich is a food item, typically consisting of two or more slices of bread with one or more fillings between them, or one slice of bread with a topping or toppings, commonly called an open sandwich. Sandwiches are a widely popular type of lunch food, typically taken to work, school, or picnics to be eaten as part of a packed lunch. They generally contain a combination of salad vegetables, meat, cheese, and a variety of sauces or savoury spreads. The bread can be used as it is, or it can be coated with any condiments to enhance flavour and texture. They are widely sold in restaurants and cafes. Several examples of unconventional sandwiches include tacos, burritos, and pizza.
The sandwich is the namesake of John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich.
The ancient Jewish sage Hillel the Elder is said to have wrapped meat from the Paschal lamb and bitter herbs between two pieces of old-fashioned soft matzah, flat, unleavened bread, during Passover in the manner of a modern "wrap" sandwich made with flatbread. Flat breads of only slightly varying kinds have long been used to scoop or wrap small amounts of food en route from platter to mouth throughout Western Asia and northern Africa. From Morocco to Ethiopia to India, bread is baked in flat rounds, contrasting with the European loaf tradition.

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Vincent van Gogh
Vincent Willem van Gogh (UK /ˌvæn ˈɡɒx/, US /ˌvæn ˈɡoʊ/;Dutch: [vɑŋ ˈɣɔχ] ( listen); 30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890) was a Dutch post-Impressionist painter whose work, notable for its rough beauty, emotional honesty, and bold color, had a far-reaching influence on 20th-century art. After years of painful anxiety and frequent bouts of mental illness, he died at the age of 37 from a gunshot wound, generally accepted to be self-inflicted (although no gun was ever found). His work was then known to only a handful of people and appreciated by fewer still.
Van Gogh began to draw as a child, and he continued to draw throughout the years that led up to his decision to become an artist. He did not begin painting until his late twenties, completing many of his best-known works during the last two years of his life. In just over a decade, he produced more than 2,100 artworks, consisting of 860 oil paintings and more than 1,300 watercolors, drawings, sketches and prints. His work included self portraits, landscapes, still lifes of flowers, portraits and paintings of cypresses, wheat fields and sunflowers.

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Le Cafe - Oldelaf

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Keane - Sovereign Light Café

Taken from the chart-topping new album, Strangeland. Order it now: shop.keanemusic.com iTu...

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When tragedy strikes the community surrounding a cafe in West Philadelphia, the cafe's reg...

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www.noha.de NOHA - Tu Cafe.mp3 Lyrics: Cuando tomes tu café toma tu café con caña Cuando t...

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Le café - Cyprien

Je vous offre un café ici : www.facebook.com Et toutes mes vidéos sont sur www.cyprien.fr...

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One of the defining documentaries of the 20th century, THE ATOMIC CAFE (1982) offers a dar...

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Au café

...

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Oldelaf - Le café (sous titres français)

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(Allez, viens 1-05) On va au café

In this video, Simon suggests to Isabelle, Thuy, and Mathieu that they go to a café. Mathi...

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An Cafe - Snow Scene

An Cafe - Snow Scene PV No hatin' here, please. Don't like it, don't watch it :)...

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Serge Gainsbourg - Couleur café

Extrait de l'émission "Discorama" du 31 janvier 1965. Réalisation : Eric Le Hung, ORTF (ar...

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The Cafe - The Cafe - The Dis-united Kingdom

Bradford is at the heart of the UK and it was once the wealthiest city in Britain, riding ...

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Definitely a New York City kid!...

published: 01 Jan 2007

author: Scott Greider

published: 17 Aug 2006

author: VinZ60

Lucky Dragons (Luke Fishbeck) playing his totally awesome performance. (imagine it, becaus...

published: 25 Sep 2006

author: Los Macuanos de Tijuana

published: 08 Dec 2006

author: TLapl

"Café del Mar": El Comienzo (Manush by Rue du Soleil)

El Comienzo. Music by Rue du Soleil (Manush). Café del Mar Music video. Represents the beg...

published: 06 Nov 2009

author: cafedelmar

El Espíritu de Café del Mar (Vértigo by DJ3)

Café del Mar Music Video. With the music of "Vertigo" by DJ3 this video shows the Café del...

published: 06 Nov 2009

author: cafedelmar

Café del Mar

The first music video of Café del Mar Music. This video is very representative of the Café...

published: 06 Nov 2009

author: cafedelmar

Cafe del Mar: El Atardecer

"Cafe del Mar: El Atardecer", a relaxing video of Ibiza sightseeings prior to the Sunset. ...

published: 06 Nov 2009

author: cafedelmar

Cafe del Mar: El Eterno Verano

The tittle of the video means "Eternal Summer". A beautiful video of the island of Ibiza a...

published: 06 Nov 2009

author: cafedelmar

Café del Mar Vol.13: Melibea - Lamento [Puesta de Sol desde Café del Mar]

Café del Mar en pura esencia. Atardecer desde la isla de Ibiza. The true Spirit of Café de...

published: 06 Nov 2009

author: cafedelmar

Cafe del Mar 20th Anniversary

Cafe del Mar Music video conmemorative of the 20th Anniversary. Beautiful music and images...

published: 06 Nov 2009

author: cafedelmar

Cafe del Mar 25th Anniversary (English)

Promotional video of Cafe del Mar and the magic island of Ibiza. Includes some extracts of...

published: 06 Nov 2009

author: cafedelmar

Definitely a New York City kid!...

published: 01 Jan 2007

author: Scott Greider

published: 17 Aug 2006

author: VinZ60

Lucky Dragons (Luke Fishbeck) playing his totally awesome performance. (imagine it, becaus...

published: 25 Sep 2006

author: Los Macuanos de Tijuana

published: 08 Dec 2006

author: TLapl

Cafe tacuba MARIA en vivo

nice!!! en vivo...

published: 04 Sep 2008

author: jdjgl110693

Noche Oscura

Cafe Tacvba - Noche Oscura...

published: 04 Sep 2008

author: jdjgl110693

Café Tacuba - Cero y Uno

Cero y Uno de la mejor banda del mundo Café Tacvba, en vivo desde el Palacio de los Deport...

published: 07 Sep 2008

author: jdjgl110693

Café Tacuba - No Controles

No Controles de la mejor banda del mundo Café Tacvba, en vivo desde el Palacio de los Depo...

published: 07 Sep 2008

author: jdjgl110693

Café Tacuba - Eo

Eo de la mejor banda del mundo Café Tacvba, en vivo desde el Palacio de los Deportes celeb...

published: 07 Sep 2008

author: jdjgl110693

Café Tacuba - Mediodía

Mediodía de la mejor banda del mundo Café Tacvba, en vivo desde el Palacio de los Deportes...

published: 07 Sep 2008

author: jdjgl110693

Eres - Cafe Tacuba

Eres, de Café Tacuba en Vivo en el Palacio de los Deportes en Mexico, DVD: Un Viaje...

published: 07 Sep 2008

author: jdjgl110693

Café Tacuba - Esa Noche

Esa Noche de la mejor banda del mundo Café Tacvba, en vivo desde el Palacio de los Deporte...

published: 07 Sep 2008

author: jdjgl110693

Cafe Tacuba-Ojala Que Llueva Cafe

Cafe Tacuba desde Palacio de Deportes, Un Viaje DVD...

published: 07 Sep 2008

author: jdjgl110693

café tacvba- la 2

cancion de disco "revés" tocada en vivo desde el palacio de los deportes...

published: 07 Sep 2008

author: jdjgl110693

Café Tacuba - La 6

La 6 de la mejor banda del mundo Café Tacvba, en vivo desde el Palacio de los Deportes cel...

published: 07 Sep 2008

author: jdjgl110693

Café Tacuba - Revés

Revés de la mejor banda del mundo Café Tacvba, en vivo desde el Palacio de los Deportes ce...

published: 07 Sep 2008

author: jdjgl110693

Café Tacuba - El Fin de la Infancia

El Fin de la Infancia de la mejor banda del mundo Café Tacvba, en vivo desde el Palacio de...

published: 07 Sep 2008

author: jdjgl110693

La Locomotora

Cafe Tacuba - La Locomotora...

published: 07 Sep 2008

author: jdjgl110693

Definitely a New York City kid!...

published: 01 Jan 2007

author: Scott Greider

published: 17 Aug 2006

author: VinZ60

Lucky Dragons (Luke Fishbeck) playing his totally awesome performance. (imagine it, becaus...

published: 25 Sep 2006

author: Los Macuanos de Tijuana

published: 08 Dec 2006

author: TLapl

Celso Piña y Cafe Tacuba - Aunque No Sea Conmigo - Video Oficial | HD

|| Aunque no sea conmigo || ¨* ♪ Celso Piña y su Ronda Bogotá ft. Ruben Albarran ¨* Barri...

published: 30 Dec 2011

author: CeCy10100

Cafe Tacuba - Ojalá Que Llueva Café

Avalancha de Éxitos...

published: 30 Dec 2011

author: CeCy10100

Pachuco Cafe tacvba Maldita Vecindad

cafe tacvba en el zocalo interpretando pachuco con Rocco y Saxx...

published: 30 Dec 2011

author: CeCy10100

Café Tacvba Late Night (Conan O'Brien)

Café Tacvba interpretando La Locomotora en "Late Night with Conan O'Brien" (1999)...

published: 30 Dec 2011

author: CeCy10100

Celso Piña-El Gran Silencio, Cumbia Poder

Celso Piña-El Gran Silencio, Cumbia Poder...

published: 30 Dec 2011

author: CeCy10100

CELSO PINA-CUMBIA SOBRE EL RIO

CUMBIA...

published: 30 Dec 2011

author: CeCy10100

Enanitos Verdes & Café Tacvba - Ella

Esta canción es fruto de la colaboración entre estas dos grandes bandas. Espero que les gu...

published: 30 Dec 2011

author: CeCy10100

Café Tacvba - Eres.

la mejor pelicula del mundo para mi, junto ala mejor cancion Eres de Café Tacvba creado po...

published: 30 Dec 2011

author: CeCy10100

Café Tacuba - Esa Noche

Esa Noche de la mejor banda del mundo Café Tacvba, en vivo desde el Palacio de los Deporte...

published: 30 Dec 2011

author: CeCy10100

Cafe Tacvba- Nuestro juramento

Muy buena rola que esta vez interpretan los tacvbos...

published: 30 Dec 2011

author: CeCy10100

Café Tacvba - La Ingrata (Video Oficial) HD

Cáfe Tacvba - La Ingrata (Video Oficial) HD...

published: 30 Dec 2011

author: CeCy10100

Cuentame - Cafe Tacuba

;)...

published: 30 Dec 2011

author: CeCy10100

Contigo Cafe Tacuba

Viva Tin Tan...

published: 30 Dec 2011

author: CeCy10100

Esa noche-Café Tacvba

...

published: 30 Dec 2011

author: CeCy10100

Definitely a New York City kid!...

published: 01 Jan 2007

author: Scott Greider

published: 17 Aug 2006

author: VinZ60

Lucky Dragons (Luke Fishbeck) playing his totally awesome performance. (imagine it, becaus...

published: 25 Sep 2006

author: Los Macuanos de Tijuana

published: 08 Dec 2006

author: TLapl

Un Café Avec - Saison 2 Episode 10 - 13 Juillet 2012

Un Café Avec - Une Série télévisée de la TFM Retrouvez Tous les épisodes de la Saison 2 d...

published: 14 Jul 2012

author: Sunu Tube

Ndeye demande à Bakayoko de faire du sport pour diminuer son ventre - Un Café Avec

Ndeye demande à Bakayoko de faire du sport pour diminuer son ventre - Un Café Avec -S2-...

published: 13 Jul 2012

author: Sunu Tube

Bakayoko drague une fille et minimise Ndeye - Un Café Avec -S2- E9

Bakayoko drague une fille et minimise Ndeye - Un Café Avec -S2- E9 - 11 Juillet 2012.mp4...

published: 13 Jul 2012

author: Sunu Tube

Bakayoko raye Christiano Ronaldo de la liste d'invité - Un Café Avec - S2 - E9

Bakayoko raye Christiano Ronaldo de la liste d'invité - Un Café Avec - S2 - E9...

published: 13 Jul 2012

author: Sunu Tube

Bakayoko va réconcilier Macky Sall et Abdoulaye Wade - Un Café Avec - S2 - E9

Bakayoko va réconcilier Macky Sall et Abdoulaye Wade - Un Café Avec...

published: 13 Jul 2012

author: Sunu Tube

Bakayoko dit à Ndeye qu'il a loué l'hotel Terrou Bi pour une semaine - Un Café Avec -S2- E9

Bakayoko dit à Ndeye qu'il a loué l'hotel Terrou Bi pour une semaine - Un Café Avec -S2- E...

published: 13 Jul 2012

author: Sunu Tube

Un Café Avec - Saison 2 Episode 9 - 11 Juillet 2012

Un Café Avec - Une Série télévisée de la TFM Retrouvez Tous les épisodes de la Saison 2 d...

published: 12 Jul 2012

author: Sunu Tube

Un Café Avec - Saison 2 Episode 8 - 29 Juin 2012

Un Café Avec - Une Série télévisée de la TFM Retrouvez Tous les épisodes de la Saison 2 d...

published: 02 Jul 2012

author: Sunu Tube

Bakayoko offre beaucoup d'argent à Ndeye et lui fait un pas de danse - Un Café Avec - S2 - E 7

Bakayoko offre beaucoup d'argent à Ndeye et lui fait un pas de danse - Un Café Avec - S2 -...

published: 28 Jun 2012

author: Sunu Tube

Son rêve se réalise, Bakayoko est devenu millionnaire - Un Café Avec - S2 - E7 - 27 Juin 2012

Bakayoko devient millionnaire grâce à l'argent de la drogue - Un Café Avec - S2 - E7 - 27 ...

published: 28 Jun 2012

author: Sunu Tube

Katy Chimere se fâche contre sa petite soeur - Un Café Avec - S2 - E7 - 27 Juin 2012

Katy Chimere se fâche contre sa petite soeur - Un Café Avec - S2 - E7 - 27 Juin 2012...

published: 28 Jun 2012

author: Sunu Tube

Ndeye Diallo accueille à bras ouverts Bakayoko dans son lit - Un Café Avec - S2

Bakayoko étonné d'etre dans la chambre de Ndeye jusqu'à une heure tardive - Un Café Avec -...

published: 28 Jun 2012

author: Sunu Tube

Bakayoko échappe à la police aprés l'arrestation du dealer - Un Café Avec - S2 - E 7

Bakayoko échappe de peu à la police aprés l'arrestation du dealer - Un Café Avec - S2 - E ...

published: 28 Jun 2012

author: Sunu Tube

Un Café Avec Du 27 Juin

I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (http://www.youtube.com/editor)...

published: 28 Jun 2012

author: Sunu Tube

Definitely a New York City kid!...

published: 01 Jan 2007

author: Scott Greider

published: 17 Aug 2006

author: VinZ60

Lucky Dragons (Luke Fishbeck) playing his totally awesome performance. (imagine it, becaus...

published: 25 Sep 2006

author: Los Macuanos de Tijuana

published: 08 Dec 2006

author: TLapl

Camera Café - Chaquetera

Episodio n.º 180...

published: 13 Sep 2011

author: Miguel Zurera

Camera Café - ¿Y con ésto?

Episodio n.º 180...

published: 13 Sep 2011

author: Miguel Zurera

Camera Café - Más rápido de lo que se piensa

Episodio n.º 180...

published: 13 Sep 2011

author: Miguel Zurera

Camera Café - Solo

Episodio n.º 180...

published: 13 Sep 2011

author: Miguel Zurera

Camera Café - Combinados

Episodio n.º 180...

published: 13 Sep 2011

author: Miguel Zurera

Camera Café - Sujetavelas

Episodio n.º 180...

published: 13 Sep 2011

author: Miguel Zurera

Camera Café - Telenacha

Episodio n.º 181...

published: 13 Sep 2011

author: Miguel Zurera

Camera Café - Carrera de orientación

Episodio n.º 181...

published: 13 Sep 2011

author: Miguel Zurera

Camera Café - Pacharán

Episodio n.º 181...

published: 13 Sep 2011

author: Miguel Zurera

Camera Café - El paraguas

Episodio n.º 181...

published: 13 Sep 2011

author: Miguel Zurera

Camera Café - Cereal

Episodio n.º 181...

published: 13 Sep 2011

author: Miguel Zurera

Camera Café - La tesis

Episodio n.º 181...

published: 13 Sep 2011

author: Miguel Zurera

Camera Café - La avispa

Episodio n.º 169...

published: 13 Sep 2011

author: Miguel Zurera

Camera Café - La entrevista de Bernardo

Episodio n.º 169...

published: 13 Sep 2011

author: Miguel Zurera

Definitely a New York City kid!...

published: 01 Jan 2007

author: Scott Greider

published: 17 Aug 2006

author: VinZ60

Lucky Dragons (Luke Fishbeck) playing his totally awesome performance. (imagine it, becaus...

published: 25 Sep 2006

author: Los Macuanos de Tijuana

published: 08 Dec 2006

author: TLapl

<li class="playlistitemli thumbnail border_color">
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            <a href="http://web.archive.org./web/20121209095225/http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http://wn.com/café&t=<%= title %>" title="Share this video" data-title="Share this video" target="_blank" style="target-name: new; target-new: tab;"></a>
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photo: AP / Bullit Marquez

Residents cross a river in the flash flood-hit village of Andap, New Bataan township, Compostela Valley in southern Philippines Wednesday, Dec. 5, 2012.

About 350 die in Philippine typhoon, 400 missing

Herald Tribune

06 Dec 2012

NEW BATAAN, Philippines - A powerful typhoon that washed away emergency shelters, a military camp and possibly entire families in the southern Philippines has killed almost 350 people with nearly 400 missing, authorities said Thursday. More bodies were retrieved from hardest-hit Compostela Valley and Davao Oriental provinces and six others impacted by Tuesday's storm, the Office of Civil Defense reported ... "It was horrible ... --- ... Location....(size: 8.0Kb)

photo: AP / Guatemala's Human Rights Ombudsman's office

In this photo released by Guatemala's Human Rights Ombudsman's office, software company founder John McAfee is pictured in an immigration detention center in Guatemala City, Thursday, Dec. 6, 2012.

McAfee hospitalized after being denied asylum

The Salt Lake Tribune

07 Dec 2012

By SONIA PEREZ-DIAZ. The Associated Press. First Published Dec 06 2012 09.10 am • Updated 1 minute ago ... ....(size: 0.8Kb)

photo: AP / Vahid Salemi

File - Iranian worshippers listen to a sermon during Friday prayers as an Iranian flag flutters at Tehran University, in Tehran, Iran, Friday, July 6, 2012.

Can Saudi Arabia and Iran Reestablish the Medina Pact?

WorldNews.com

07 Dec 2012

Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. The in- and out-fighting between present-day Saudi Arabia and Iran is a mirror image of what occurred to Prophet Muhammad's Islamic Movement right after his death ... Still, and due to prosperity and wealth, an influx of trade goods, religious toleration, an emphasis on learning, and increased food supplies, Islam was becoming a vast empire ... Recent U.S ... Dallas Darling (darling@wn.com)....(size: 7.5Kb)

photo: AP / Osama Faisal

Local and international activists march inside a conferences center to demand urgent action to address climate change at the U.N. climate talks in Doha, Qatar, Friday, Dec.7, 2012.

Doha climate talks: US faces dilemma over final text

BBC News

08 Dec 2012

There has been a historic shift in the UN climate talks in Qatar, with the prospect of rich nations having to compensate poor nations for losses due to climate change. The US has fiercely opposed the measure - it says the cost could be unlimited. But after angry tussles throughout the night the principle of Loss and Damage is now in the final negotiating text ... The political stakes are high ... "I will block this ... "I will block this ... ....(size: 3.1Kb)

photo: AP / Hassan Ammar

Egyptian Army soldiers install barbed wire near the presidential palace to secure the site of overnight clashes between supporters and opponents of President Mohammed Morsi in Cairo, Egypt, Thursday, Dec. 6, 2012.

Egypt crisis: Tanks deployed after fatal Cairo clashes

Joy Online

06 Dec 2012

The Egyptian army has deployed tanks and armoured troop carriers outside the presidential palace in Cairo after clashes between supporters and opponents of President Mohammed Morsi left five dead and hundreds injured. But, despite their presence, there are reports of a fresh outbreak of stone-throwing between the two sides. Egypt is seeing growing unrest over a controversial draft constitution ... 'Loud and clear' ... ....(size: 4.0Kb)

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Adobe Rose Cafe - a taste of New Mexico in Portland

The Examiner

09 Dec 2012

New Mexican cooking is swayed by Mexican, Anglo and Native American influences with loads of chile, corn, beans, potatoes and tomatoes making up the substance of most of the dishes served at the Adobe Rose Café ... Stuffed Sopaipilla, or fried pastries, ($9.75/vegetarian, $10.75 w/meat) are one of a kind at the Adobe Rose Café, stuffed with sour cream, refritos and rice, then topped with cheese and red or green chile sauce....(size: 2.7Kb)

Wiveton hall Café, Holt, Norfolk

The Independent

09 Dec 2012

Nowhere in Britain divides opinion quite like Norfolk ... Berkshire? Bucolic, unaffordable. Derbyshire? Lovely hills ... And third, Wiveton Hall’s café is one of the best restaurants in Britain ... “There is one person left doing that at the Wiveton Hall café and if I could go to her restaurant I would go that extra mile because it’s... Wiveton Hall café doesn’t, then, emphatically settle disputes on the merits or otherwise of Norfolk ... ....(size: 4.9Kb)

Charm of the Karimun Jawa Islands

Jakarta Post

09 Dec 2012

Paper Edition . Page. 14. Apart from its rich cultural heritage and courts in Yogyakarta and Surakarta, Central Java province also boasts beautiful nature and landscapes that earned it the name Jawadwipa (land of the prosperous) ... Another dining option is Café Amore, near the ferry port. Serving Indonesian food and Western-inspired food, the tables at the café have a nice view overlooking the ocean ... — All Photos by Tifa Asrianti ....(size: 3.8Kb)

New Open Range cookbook serves up food, photographs

The Sidney Herald

09 Dec 2012

Largely based on the menu of Bentley’s Belgrade steakhouse, the Mint Bar and Café, Open Range freely draws upon Montana’s diverse culinary heritage from Scandinavian to Chinese, and incorporates the French, Italian, Cajun, and Creole ......(size: 1.2Kb)

Step into a Swiss Christmas in Zurich

The Independent

09 Dec 2012

But they're missing a lot ... You can dine in the wood-panelled room where he slept in 1799 ... You'll arrive first in Napfgasse where Péclard at number 4 (00 41 44 251 51 50) is a lovely frilly cake shop and café restored to its glory at the beginning of the 20th century ... Heading back down towards the river via Kirchgasse, make for the Grand Café Odeon (Limmatquai 2; 00 41 44 251 16 50; odeon.ch) which is ideal if you're thinking of lunch....(size: 6.0Kb)

Field trip: Bronx Zoo

The Examiner

09 Dec 2012

The Bronx Zoo is one of the most famous zoos in the world and it is the biggest zoo in New York. Since 1899 the Bronx Zoo has invited the public to come see numerous animal species up close. Currently the Bronx Zoo houses over 4,000 animals and represents over 650 species ... Furthermore, the Bronx Zoo has fairly priced meals at the Crane Café and well stocked gift shops that cater to all ages ... Suggested by the author. ... ....(size: 3.7Kb)

North Pole Express excursion enchants adults, children alike with holiday magic

Detroit Free Press

09 Dec 2012

OWOSSO -- With darkness falling outside and passengers scanning the newly harvested fields out their windows for deer, the North Pole Express swayed gently as it rode the rails due north about 40 minutes out of Owosso. "Are we getting there, Mr. Conductor?". The question rang out in the Dasher car, decorated for the holidays and filled with adult and pint-size passengers ... The train also had a café car and a gift shop car ... When. 10 a.m ... ....(size: 4.2Kb)

A to Z of the Hobbit

The Independent

09 Dec 2012

A is for Aryan. In 1938, a year after The Hobbit's first British edition, the German publishers enquired about Tolkien's "Aryan" heritage. Outraged, he gave his publisher two responses ... The latter was sent. B is for Beowulf ... C is for Care ... D is for Don ... E is for Elves ... Last year, his company turned its guns on media giants the Hungry Hobbit café in Birmingham and the Hobbit pub in Southampton for copyright infringement. ....(size: 7.3Kb)

Special report: People power forces big business to pay up

The Independent

09 Dec 2012

The extent of corporate tax avoidance, and the anger it provokes, widened considerably yesterday with revelations that a leading investment bank has been using a trust based in the Channel Islands to avoid company and staff taxes on payments, including bonuses ... The rate paid by Amazon is less than 1 per cent ... He added ... One of the most high-profile protests took place at Starbuck's "flagship" café in Conduit Street, London ... ....(size: 10.0Kb)

IKEA donates $13,700+ makeover for Junior Achievement’s Owings Mills' facility

The Examiner

08 Dec 2012

According to JA, the home furnishings retailer - via its 2012 IKEA Life Improvement Project - donated $13,757 in furniture and labor costs to remodel the city hall and kitchen/café areas of the JA BizTown educational facility housed in the non-profit’s Owings Mills headquarters.View slideshow ... The kitchen/café area previously seemed crowded with a ......(size: 5.0Kb)

New Year’s Eve events in the Buffalo area

The Examiner

08 Dec 2012

First Night Buffalo – Monday, December 31st from 5 to 10 p.m. at the Buffalo Niagara Convention Center, 153 Franklin St. in downtown Buffalo. It’s Buffalo’s biggest drug- and alcohol-free New Year’s Eve celebration, with family activities throughout the evening ... Hard Rock Café New Year’s Eve Guitar Drop – Monday, December 31st at 8 p.m. at the Hard Rock Café Niagara Falls USA, 333 Prospect St ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)

Art District II

Sun Star

08 Dec 2012

WE ALL know that one of the hippest places to see and be seen in Bacolod City is at the Art District at Lopue’s Mandalagan ... The more chilled-out Café Joint is an outdoor bar that’s a hang-out for creative types ... A few have put up shop already, including Arthika which is a shop-cum-café-cum-yoga studio; Luna Piena, an Italian restaurant; Garaje Bar; Omon Maravilla’s Sate Garden; and a forthcoming Spanish restaurant ... Peterson Tieng of St....(size: 3.1Kb)

DJ Taylor: rereading Julian Maclaren-Ross

The Guardian

08 Dec 2012

the mysterious, rackety life of Julian Maclaren-Ross ... NMG/Writer Pictures. At some point in the late 1940s Julian Maclaren-Ross invited Anthony Powell and his wife, Lady Violet, to supper at the Café Royal ... It read ... ....(size: 2.0Kb)

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"Cafe" redirects here. For other uses, see Cafe (disambiguation).

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2008)

Crystal's Country Cafe, in Oregon in the United States.

A café (/ˈkæfeɪ/ or /kæˈfeɪ/), also spelled cafe, in most countries refers to an establishment which focuses on serving coffee. The name derives from the French, Portuguese and Spanish word for the drink and is often pronounced "kaff" (/ˈkæff/) in the British English.^[1]^[2]^[3]

In the United States, "cafe" may refer to an informal restaurant offering a range of hot meals and made-to-order sandwiches, also known as a "coffee shop", ^[4]^[5] while what is regarded as a café elsewhere is termed a coffeehouse.

1 Europe
2 North America
3 Etymology
4 See also
5 References
6 External links

Europe [link]

Café Terrace at Night, September 1888, by Vincent van Gogh.

In most European countries, such as Austria, Denmark, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Portugal, etc., the term café implies primarily serving coffee, typically accompanied by a slice of cake/tart/pie, a "Danish pastry", a bun, or similar sweet pastry. Many (or most) cafés also serve light meals such as sandwiches. European cafés often have tables on the pavement as well as indoors. Some cafés also serve alcoholic beverages, particularly in Southern European countries.

In the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland a café (with the acute accent) is similar to those in other European countries, while a cafe (without acute accent, and often pronounced "caff") is more likely to be a greasy spoon style eating place, serving mainly fried food, in particular breakfast dishes. In the Netherlands and Belgium, a café is the equivalent of a bar, and also sells alcoholic beverages. In the Netherlands a koffiehuis serves coffee, while a coffee shop (using the English term) sells soft drugs (cannabis and hashish) and is generally not allowed to sell alcoholic beverages.

In France most cafés serve as lunch restaurants in the day, and bars in the evening. They generally do not have pastries except during mornings, where a croissant or pain au chocolat can be purchased with breakfast coffee.

In Italy cafés are similar to those found in France and known as bar. They typically serve a variety of espresso coffee, cakes and alcoholic drinks. Bars in city centres usually have different prices for consumption at the bar and consumption at a table.

North America [link]

A café or coffee shop is a restaurant with full-service tables and counters and broad menu offerings over extended periods of the day.^[6] In hotels, the coffee shop is a more popular-priced alternative to the formal dining room. Coffee shops often encourage families and provide special menus for children. To establish a family-friendly atmosphere, in many localities they do not serve wine or beer.^[7]

Etymology [link]

Evolution of the word Coffee [1].

The most common English spelling, café, is the French, Portuguese and Spanish spelling, and was adopted by English-speaking countries in the late 19th century.^[8] As English generally makes little use of diacritical marks, anglicisation includes a tendency to omit them and to place the onus on the readers to remember how it's pronounced, without being given the accents. Thus the spelling cafe has become very common in English-language usage throughout the world, especially for the less formal, i.e. "greasy spoon" variety (although orthographic prescriptivists often disapprove of it). The Italian spelling, caffè, is also sometimes used in English.^[9] In southern England, especially around London in the 1950s, the French pronunciation was often facetiously altered to /ˈkæf/ and spelt caff.^[10]

The English words coffee and café both descend from the continental European translingual word root /kafe/, which appears in many European languages with various naturalized spellings, including Italian (caffè); Portuguese, Spanish, and French (café); German (Kaffee); Polish (kawa); Ukrainian (кава, 'kava'); and others. European awareness of coffee (the plant, its seeds, the beverage made from the seeds, and the shops that sell the beverage) came through Europeans' contact with Turkey, and the Europeans borrowed both the beverage and the word root from the Turks, who got them from the Arabs. The Arabic name qahwa (قهوة) was transformed into kaweh (strength, vigor) in the Ottoman Empire, and it spread from there to Europe^{[citation needed]}, probably first through the Mediterranean languages (Italian, Spanish, French, Catalan, etc.) and thence to German, English, and others, though there is another well-based theory that it first spread to Europe through Poland and Ukraine, through their contacts with the Ottoman Empire.

References [link]

^ Motorcycle. Alford, Steven E., Ferriss, Suzanne. Objekt Series, 2007. Page 82
^ Britslang: An Uncensored A-Z of the People's Language, Including Rhyming Slang Puxley, Ray. Robson, 1 Apr 2005. p. 216
^ Shorter Slang Dictionary. Fergusson, Rosalind; Partridge, Eric; Beale, Paul. Psychology Press, 1994
^ A Café is a coffee-house, a restaurant; strictly a French term, but in the late 19th c. introduced into the English-speaking countries for the name of a class of restaurant. Oxford English Dictionary
^ A coffee-house; a teashop; an informal restaurant; a bar.; Oxford Essential Dictionary of Foreign Terms in English
^ Christopher C. Muller and Robert H. Woods. An expanded restaurant typology. Cornell Hotel & Restaurant Administration Quarterly 35.n3 (June 1994): pp27(11).
^ Bernard Davis, Sophie McCoy, Andrew Lockwood, & Sally Stone. Food and Beverage Management Butterworth-Heinemann, 3rd ed., 1998.
^ Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition (1989), entry number 50031127 (café).
^ Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition (1989), entry number 00333259 (caffé, n)
^ Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition (1989), entry number 50031130 (caff)

External links [link]

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Serge Gainsbourg

Background information
Birth name	Lucien Ginsburg
Also known as	Julien Grix^[1] Gainsbarre
Born	(1928-04-02)2 April 1928
Origin	Paris, France
Died	2 March 1991(1991-03-02) (aged 62)
Genres	Adult contemporary, jazz, funk, reggae, French rock, French pop, electronic, New Wave, yé-yé
Occupations	poet singer-songwriter actor director artist
Instruments	Vocals, piano, guitar, bass, clavinet, accordion, harmonica
Years active	1957–1991
Labels	Mercury/Universal Records
Website	Serge Gainsbourg

Serge Gainsbourg, born Lucien Ginsburg (French pronunciation: [sɛʁʒ ɡɛ̃sbuʁ]; 2 April 1928 – 2 March 1991)^[2] was a French singer, songwriter, poet, composer, artist, actor and director.^[3] Gainsbourg's extremely varied musical style and individuality make him difficult to categorize. His legacy has been firmly established, and he is often regarded as one of the world's most influential popular musicians.^[4]

1 Biography
2 Death and legacy
3 Film biopic
4 Covers and tributes
5 Discography
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links

Biography [link]

Personal life [link]

He was born Lucien Ginsburg^[5] in Paris, France, the son of Russian Jewish emigrants, Joseph Ginsburg (28 December 1898, Kharkov (Ukraine) – 22 April 1971) and Olga^[6] Bessman (1894 – 16 March 1985), who fled to France after the 1917 Russian Revolution. He had a twin sister, Liliane.^[7]^[8] His childhood was profoundly affected by the occupation of France by Nazi Germany, during which he and his family, as Jews, were forced to wear the yellow star and eventually flee Paris. Before he was 30 years old, Gainsbourg was a disillusioned painter, but earned his living as a piano player in bars.

He first married Elisabeth "Lize" Levitsky on 3 November 1951, and divorced her in 1957. He married a second time on 7 January 1964, to Françoise-Antoinette "Béatrice" Pancrazzi (b. 28 July 1931), with whom he had two children: a daughter named Natacha (b. 8 August 1964) and a son, Paul (born in spring 1968, after Serge had gotten back together with Béatrice). They divorced in February 1966.

In late-1967, he had a short but ardent love affair with Brigitte Bardot to whom he dedicated the song and album Initials BB.

In mid-1968, Gainsbourg fell in love with the younger English singer and actress Jane Birkin, whom he met during the shooting of the film Slogan. Their relationship lasted over a decade.^[9] In 1971 they had a daughter, the actress and singer Charlotte Gainsbourg. Although many sources state that they were married,^[10] according to their daughter Charlotte this was not the case.^[9] Birkin left Gainsbourg in 1980.

Birkin remembers the beginning of her affair with Gainsbourg: he first took her to a nightclub, then to a transvestite club and afterwards to the Hilton hotel, where he passed out in a drunken stupor. Birkin left Gainsbourg when pregnant with her third daughter, Lou, by the film director Jacques Doillon.^[11]

His last partner was Bambou (Caroline Paulus, grandchild of General Friedrich Paulus). In 1986 they had a son, Lucien (known as Lulu).^[2]

Early work [link]

His early songs were influenced by Boris Vian and were largely in the vein of old-fashioned chanson. Very early, however, Gainsbourg began to move beyond this and experiment with a succession of musical styles: jazz early on, pop in the 1960s, funk, rock and reggae in the 1970s, and electronica in the 1980s.^[2]

Many of his songs contained themes with a morbid or sexual twist in them. An early success, "Le Poinçonneur des Lilas", describes the day in the life of a Paris Métro ticket man whose job it is to stamp holes in passengers' tickets. Gainsbourg describes this chore as so monotonous that the man eventually thinks of putting a hole into his own head and being buried in another.

More success began to arrive when, in 1965, his song "Poupée de cire, poupée de son" was the Luxembourg entry in the Eurovision Song Contest. Performed by French teen and charming singer France Gall, it won first prize. The song was recorded in English as "A Lonely Singing Doll" by British teen idol Twinkle.^[2]

His next song for Gall, "Les Sucettes" ("Lollipops"), caused a scandal in France: Gainsbourg had written the song with double-meanings and strong sexual innuendo, of which the singer was apparently unaware when she recorded it. Whereas Gall thought that the song was about a girl enjoying lollipops, it was really about oral sex. The controversy arising from the song, although a big hit for Gall, threw her career off-track in France for several years.

Gainsbourg arranged other Gall songs and LPs that were characteristic of the late 1960s psychedelic styles, among them Gall's 1968 album. Another of Serge's songs "Boum Bada Boum" was entered in by Monaco in the 1967 contest, sung by Minouche Barelli; it came fifth. He also wrote hit songs for other artists, such as "Comment Te Dire Adieu" for Françoise Hardy.^[2]

In 1969, he released "Je t'aime... moi non plus", which featured explicit lyrics and simulated sounds of female orgasm. The song appeared that year on an LP, Jane Birkin/Serge Gainsbourg. Originally recorded with Brigitte Bardot, it was released with future girlfriend Birkin when Bardot backed out. While Gainsbourg declared it the "ultimate love song," it was considered too "hot"; the song was censored or banned from public broadcast in numerous countries, and in France even the toned-down version was suppressed. The Vatican made a public statement citing the song as offensive. However, despite or perhaps because of all the controversy, it sold well and charted within the top ten in many European countries.

The 1970s [link]

Histoire de Melody Nelson was released in 1971. This concept album, produced and arranged by Jean-Claude Vannier, tells the story of a Lolita-esque affair, with Gainsbourg as the narrator. It features prominent string arrangements and even a massed choir at its tragic climax. The album has proven influential with artists such as Air, David Holmes, Jarvis Cocker, Beck and Dan the Automator.^[12]

In 1975, he released the album Rock Around the Bunker, a rock album written entirely on the subject of the Nazis. Gainsbourg used black comedy, as he and his family suffered during World War II. While a child in Paris, Gainsbourg had worn the yellow badge as the mark of a Jew. Rock Around the Bunker belonged in the mid-1970s "retro" trend.

The next year saw the release of another major work, L'Homme à tête de chou (Cabbage-Head Man), featuring the new character Marilou and sumptuous orchestral themes. Cabbage-Head Man is one of his nicknames, as it refers to his ears. Musically, L'homme à tête de chou turned out to be Gainsbourg's last LP in the English rock style he had favoured since the late 1960s. He would go on to produce two reggae albums recorded in Jamaica (1979 and 1981) and two electronic funk albums recorded in New York (1984 and 1987).

In Jamaica in 1978 he recorded "Aux Armes et cetera", a reggae version of the French national anthem "La Marseillaise", with Robbie Shakespeare, Sly Dunbar, and Rita Marley. This song earned him death threats from right-wing veterans of the Algerian War of Independence who were opposed to certain lyrics. Bob Marley was furious when he discovered that Gainsbourg made his wife Rita sing erotic lyrics.^[13] Shortly afterward, Gainsbourg bought the original manuscript of "La Marseillaise". He replied to his critics that his version was, in fact, closer to the original as the manuscript clearly shows the words "Aux armes et cætera..." for the chorus.

Final years [link]

Tribute graffiti covers the outer wall of Serge Gainsbourg's house on the rue de Verneuil in Paris, looked after by Charlotte Gainsbourg after her father's death

After a turbulent 13-year-long relationship, Jane Birkin left Gainsbourg.^[14] In the 1980s, near the end of his life, Gainsbourg became a regular figure on French TV. His appearances seemed devoted to his controversial sense of humour and provocation. In March 1984, he burned a 500 French franc bill^[15] on television to protest against heavy taxation.^[16] He would show up drunk and unshaven on stage: in April 1986, in Michel Drucker's live Saturday evening show with the American singer Whitney Houston, he exclaimed to the host (in French, and when this was not translated, in English), "I want to fuck her".^[13] The same year, in another talk show interview, he appeared alongside Catherine Ringer, a well known singer who had appeared in pornographic films. Gainsbourg spat out at her, "You're nothing but a filthy whore, a filthy, fucking whore". Ringer scolded back, "Look at you, you're just a bitter old alcoholic. I used to admire you but these days you've become a disgusting old parasite".^[17]

By December 1988, while a judge at a film festival in Val d'Isère, he was extremely intoxicated at a local theatre where he was to do a presentation. While on stage he began to tell an obscene story about Brigitte Bardot and a champagne bottle, only to stagger offstage and collapse in a nearby seat.^[17] Subsequent years saw his health deteriorate. He had to undergo liver surgery, but denied any connection to cancer or cirrhosis. His appearances and releases became sparser as he had to rest and recover in Vezelay. During these final years, he released Love on the Beat, a controversial electronic album with mostly sexual themes in the lyrics, and his last studio album, You're Under Arrest, presented more synth-driven songs.^[2]

His songs became increasingly eccentric during this period, ranging from the anti-drug "Aux Enfants de la Chance" to the highly controversial duet with his daughter Charlotte named "Lemon Incest".^[18] This translates as "Inceste de citron", a wordplay on "un zeste de citron" (a lemon zest). The title demonstrates Gainsbourg's love for puns – another example of which is Beau oui comme Bowie, a song he gave to Isabelle Adjani.

Film work [link]

In 1960 Gainsbourg co-starred with Rhonda Fleming in the Italian film, La Rivolta Degli Schiavi "The Revolt of The Slaves" as Corvino, the Roman Emperor Massimiano's evil henchman.

During his career, he wrote the soundtracks for more than 40 films. In 1996, he received a posthumous César Award for Best Music Written for a Film for Élisa, along with Zbigniew Preisner and Michel Colombier.

He directed four movies: Je t'aime... moi non plus, Équateur, Charlotte For Ever and Stan The Flasher.

He made a brief appearance with Jane Birkin in 1980 in Egon Schiele Exzess und Bestrafung, a film by Herbert Vesely, and also starred at "Les Chemins de Katmandou", with Jane Birkin.

Writing [link]

Gainsbourg wrote a novel entitled Evguénie Sokolov.^[19]

Death and legacy [link]

Serge, Olga and Joseph Gainsbourg's grave

Gainsbourg died on 2 March 1991 of a heart attack. He was buried in the Jewish lot of the Montparnasse Cemetery, in Paris. His funeral brought Paris to a standstill, and French President François Mitterrand said of him, "He was our Baudelaire, our Apollinaire... He elevated the song to the level of art."^[20] His home at the well-known address rue de Verneuil is still covered in graffiti and poems.

Since his death, Gainsbourg's music has reached legendary stature in France. His lyrical brilliance in French has left an extraordinary legacy. His music, always progressive, covered many styles: jazz, ballads, mambo, lounge, reggae, pop (including adult contemporary pop, kitsch pop, yé-yé pop, '80s pop, pop-art pop, prog pop, space-age pop, psychedelic pop, and erotic pop), funk, disco, calypso, Africana, bossa nova, and rock and roll. He has gained a following in the English-speaking world with many non-mainstream artists finding his arrangements highly influential.

One of the most frequent interpreters of Gainsbourg's songs was British singer Petula Clark, whose success in France was propelled by her recordings of his tunes. In 2003, she wrote and recorded La Chanson de Gainsbourg as a tribute to the composer of some of her biggest hits.

His lyrics are collected in the volume Dernières nouvelles des étoiles.

Film biopic [link]

A feature film titled Gainsbourg (Vie héroïque) was released in France in January 2010, which is based on the graphic novel by the writer-director of the film, Joann Sfar. Gainsbourg is portrayed by Eric Elmosnino and Kacey Mottet Klein.

Covers and tributes [link]

See also Category: Serge Gainsbourg tribute albums

In 1964, Gainsbourg himself did covers of Babatunde Olatunji's drum-heavy tunes "Kiyakiya (Why Do You Run Away?)", "Akiwowo (Chant to the Trainman)" and "Jin-go-lo-ba" which are featured on Olatunji's acclaimed Drums of Passion LP (1959). They appeared, with new French lyrics but otherwise identical in rhythm, melody and overall sound, as "Joanna", "New York – U.S.A." and "Marabout", respectively, on the "Gainsbourg Percussions" album – without any credit given to Olatunji.
One of the celebrating events of the Year of France in Brazil was a concert in September 2009 called "Gainsbourg Imperial", an event celebrating the music of Serge Gainsbourg. It was performed by Brazilian Samba Big Band Orquestra Imperial, having French maestro Jean-Claude Vannier, English singer Jane Birkin and Brazilian musician and singer Caetano Veloso as special guests.
Steve Wynn (formerly of The Dream Syndicate) recorded "Bonnie and Clyde" as a duet with Johnette Napolitano of Concrete Blonde on his 1992 solo album, Dazzling Display.
Belinda Carlisle covered "Bonnie and Clyde" and "Contact" on her 2007 French language album Voila.
Giddle & Boyd (Giddle Partridge and Boyd Rice) covered "Bonnie and Clyde" on their 2008 EP Going Steady with Peggy Moffitt.
The first English-language version of a Gainsbourg song was Dionne Warwick's 1965 version of "Mamadou".
Australian rock musician Mick Harvey released two CDs of Gainsbourg's songs translated into English. Of particular note is "To All the Lucky Kids (Aux Enfants De La Chance)" on Pink Elephants.
Gainsbourg's song "Bonnie and Clyde" is featured in the burlesque show scene of Rush Hour 3 and in the romantic film Laurel Canyon starring Christian Bale and Kate Beckinsale.
American indie rock band Luna included a cover of "Bonnie and Clyde" as a hidden track on their 1995 album Penthouse, and their 2001 Luna Live album features a live performance of the song.
American artist Angel Corpus Christi merged "Je t'aime ... moi non plus" with Lou Reed's "I Wanna Boogie With You" and recorded it as a duet with Dean Wareham.
Swedish band Sambassadeur covers "La Chanson de Prevert" in French on their self-titled debut album.
Okkervil River covers "Je suis venu te dire que je m'en vais" in English ("I Came Here to Say I'm Going Away").
Arcade Fire covered "Poupée de cire, poupée de Son" and also released it as a split 7" single with LCD Soundsystem.
Beirut often covers "La Javanaise" in their live sets and it is included in the live album Live at the Music Hall of Williamsburg (2009).
Australian pop singer-songwriter Kylie Minogue extensively sampled his duet with Brigitte Bardot "Bonnie and Clyde" on the song "Sensitized" off her 2007 album X. In 2003, she sampled "Je t'aime... moi non plus" in a modified version of her song "Breathe" (which originally did not contain any samples) for a special one-off live performance at the Hammersmith Apollo in promotion of her album Body Language.
French rapper MC Solaar sampled "Bonnie and Clyde" in his song "Nouveau Western" on his 1994 album Prose Combat. Renegade Soundwave released "Renegade Soundwave" with the same sample at the same time.
Irish musician David Holmes covered "Cargo Culte" in his song "Don't Die Just Yet" on his 1997 album Let's Get Killed.
American emcee Princess Superstar sampled the melody of the songs "Melody" and "Cargo Culte" in the song "You Get Mad At Napster" on her album Princess Superstar Is.
The Welsh comedy-rap band Goldie Lookin Chain extensively sampled the title track of Gainsbourg's Cannabis film soundtrack for their single "Your Missus Is a Nutter".
In 1997 Tzadik records released a tribute to Gainsbourg in their Great Jewish Composers series. The album includes covers by John Zorn, Medeski, Martin and Wood, Mike Patton, Fred Frith, Ikue Mori, Marc Ribot and Cyro Baptista.
On the HBO show Flight of the Conchords, the sequence for the song "A Kiss is Not a Contract" is a tribute to Gainsbourg's video for "Ballade de Melody Nelson".
The track "Serge" on The Herbaliser's album Take London is about a chance encounter with Gainsbourg 3 days before his death.
Black Grape's "A Big Day in the North" is based on a sample taken from Initials B.B. and also features samples from "Ford Mustang".
In the film High Fidelity, when a pair of punks steals from Rob Gordon's record store, one of the things they stole was a Serge Gainsbourg record.
American hip hop duo The Beatnuts sampled "Melody" on their track "Superbad" off their album The Beatnuts LP.
Nick Cave sang a duet of "I love you nor do I" with his long time girlfriend Anita Lane. So did Barry Adamson with Anita in 1993 on his release The Negro inside Me with "Je t'aime ... Moi non plus".
Trumpet player Erik Truffaz did a jazz remake of "Je t'aime, moi non plus".
Australian psychedelic band Tame Impala covered "Bonnie and Clyde" in their 2011 tour of Europe.
American hip hop band De La Soul sampled "Les Oubliettes" and "En Melody" on their second album De La Soul Is Dead released in 1991.
In 2005, the album Monsieur Gainsbourg Revisited was released by Virgin Records. The album consisted of specially-recorded English-language cover versions of Gainsbourg's songs, recorded by artists as diverse as Franz Ferdinand, Portishead, Placebo, Marc Almond, Michael Stipe, Cat Power, Karen Elson, Jarvis Cocker, Kid Loco, Faultline, Françoise Hardy, Tricky, Marianne Faithfull, Sly and Robbie, Gonzales, Feist, Dani, Trash Palace, The Rakes, The Kills, Carla Bruni, James Iha, Kazu Makino, Nina Persson and Nathan Larson.
Brazilian musician and former Titãs member Ciro Pessoa wrote a song in honor of Gainsbourg, named "Até os Anos 70" ("To the 1970s"). It is present in his 2003 album No Meio da Chuva Eu Grito "Help".

Discography [link]

Albums [link]

1958: Du chant à la une
1959: N° 2
1961: L'Étonnant Serge Gainsbourg
1962: N° 4
1963: Confidentiel
1964: Percussions
1967: Anna
1968: Serge Gainsbourg – Brigitte Bardot: Bonnie & Clyde (compilation)
1968: Initials B.B.
1969: Jane Birkin/Serge Gainsbourg
1970: Cannabis (instrumental)
1971: Histoire de Melody Nelson
1973: Vu de l'extérieur
1975: Rock around the bunker
1976: Je t'aime... moi non plus – Ballade de Johnny-Jane (instrumental)
1976: L'Homme à la tête de chou
1977: Madame Claude
1977: Goodbye Emmanuelle (instrumental)
1979: Aux armes et cætera
1980: Je vous aime (only 3 pieces sung by Gainsbourg)
1980: Enregistrement public au Théâtre Le Palace (live)
1981: Mauvaises nouvelles des étoiles
1984: Love On The Beat
1986: Live (Casino de Paris)
1986: Putain de film ! – B.O.F. Tenue de soirée
1987: You're Under Arrest
1988: Le Zénith de Gainsbourg (live)
1994: De Gainsbourg à Gainsbarre (11 CD box set)

Tribute albums and posthumous releases [link]

1997: Great Jewish Music: Serge Gainsbourg (tribute album)
1997: Comic Strip
2001: Gainsbourg Forever (integral box set)
2001: Le Cinéma de Gainsbourg (box set)
2001: I Love Serge: Electronicagainsbourg (remix album)
2005: Monsieur Gainsbourg Revisited (tribute album)
2008: Classé X (compilation)
2011: Best Of Gainsbourg: Comme Un Boomerang (2 CD compilation)

Singles [link]

"Black Trombone" (1962)
"La Javanaise" (1963)
"Couleur Café" (1964)
"New York U.S.A." (1964)
"Les Sucettes" (1966)
"Hold Up" (1967)
"Initials B.B." (1967)
"Bonnie and Clyde" (1968) (Brigitte Bardot et Serge Gainsbourg)
"Je t'aime... moi non plus" (1969) (Jane Birkin avec Serge Gainsbourg)
"La Décadanse" (1971) (Jane Birkin et Serge Gainsbourg)
"Je suis venu te dire que je m'en vais" (1973)
"L'Homme à Tête de Chou" (1976)
"Marilou" (1976)
"Sea, Sex and Sun" (1978)
"Aux armes et caetera" (1979)
"Lola Rastaquouère" (1979)
"Dieu fumeur de havanes" (1980) (Catherine Deneuve & Serge Gainsbourg)
"Sorry Angel" (1984)
"Lemon Incest" (1985) (Charlotte & Gainsbourg)
"You're Under Arrest" (1987)
"Mon légionnaire" (1987)
"Requiem pour un con" (1991)
"Élisa" (1995)
"La Noyée"

Singles written for other artists

"Les Incorruptibles" (1965) – Petula Clark
"Poupée de cire, poupée de son" (1965) – France Gall
"Baby Pop" (1966) – France Gall
"Comment te dire adieu?" (1968) – Françoise Hardy
"Dis-lui toi que je t'aime" (1990) – Vanessa Paradis
"White and Black Blues" (1990) – Joëlle Ursull (lyrics by Gainsbourg)
"La Gadoue" (1995) – Jane Birkin

Notes [link]

^ Julien Grix is the name he used when he first deposited his songs with the Sacem in 1954
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f allmusic Biography
^ Obituary Variety, 11 March 1991.
^ 2003年4月21日 (月). "The 100 Greatest Artists – No. 62". Hmv.co.jp. http://www.hmv.co.jp/news/newsDetail.asp?newsnum=304080038. Retrieved 25 January 2011.
^ Ginsburg is sometimes spelled Ginzburg in the media, including print encyclopedias and dictionaries. However, Ginsburg is the name engraved on Gainsbourg's grave, and "Lucien Ginsburg" is the name by which Gainsbourg is referred to, as a performer, in the Sacem catalog [1] (along with "Serge Gainsbourg" as the author/composer/adaptor)
^ Sometimes spelled Olia, his mother's actual given name was Olga, as written on Gainsbourg's grave
^ "Serge Gainsbourg Biography – life, family, parents, name, story, death, wife, school, young, son, book, old, born, husband, marriage, time, year, scandal, sister, The outsider". Notablebiographies.com. http://www.notablebiographies.com/supp/Supplement-Fl-Ka/Gainsbourg-Serge.html. Retrieved 25 January 2011.
^ By LucienGrix No real name given + Add Contact. "1928 Liliane & Lucien Ginsburg | Flickr – Photo Sharing!". Flickr. http://www.flickr.com/photos/48580880@N08/4443395660/. Retrieved 25 January 2011.
^ ^a ^b Adams, William Lee (26 January 2010). "French Chanteuse Charlotte Gainsbourg". TIME. http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1956411,00.html#ixzz1Va7NJr9U.
^ "Best-Looking Couples Ever". LIFE.com. See Your World LLC. http://www.life.com/gallery/44901/image/2661198/best-looking-couples-ever#index/2.
JoAnne Good (Saturday, 9 July 2011). "Inside Travel: Pooches in Paris". independent.co.uk. http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/europe/inside-travel-pooches-in-paris-2309010.html.
"Serge Gainsbourg's women: the music". The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group Limited. 7 February 2011. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/8309301/Serge-Gainsbourgs-women-the-music.html.
"Birkin, Bardot and Gainsbourg, the accidental sex symbol". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited. http://www.guardian.co.uk/gainsbourg-the-movie/birkin-bardot.
"Jane Birkin". Apple Inc. http://itunes.apple.com/us/artist/jane-birkin/id45830.
^ Wyatt, Petronella (25 January 2008). "Jane Birkin reveals the naked truth about being a Sixties icon". The Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-510236/Jane-Birkin-reveals-naked-truth-Sixties-icon.html.
^ Album notes from Initials SG
^ ^a ^b Chrisafis, Angelique, The Guardian (14 April 2006). "Gainsbourg, je t'aime". London. http://arts.guardian.co.uk/filmandmusic/story/0,,1753018,00.html.
^ Vanity Fair, "The Secret World of Serge Gainsbourg", November 2007
^ Roughly 75 €, but in 1984, 500 FF represented one sixth of the net minimum monthly wage in France
^ Hodgkinson, Will, The Guardian (5 February 2003). "Serge, mon amour". London. http://arts.guardian.co.uk/features/story/0,,888892,00.html.
^ ^a ^b Kent, Nick , The Guardian (15 April 2006). "What a drag". London. http://arts.guardian.co.uk/features/story/0,,1754146,00.html.
^ A controversial video for "Lemon Incest" featured a half-naked Gainsbourg lying on a bed with his daughter Charlotte. Phrases from the song include "L'amour que nous ne ferons jamais ensemble/ Est le plus beau le plus violent/ Le plus pur le plus enivrant" ("The love that we will never make together/ is the most beautiful, the most violent/ The most pure, the most heady").
^ "Tam Tam Books". Tam Tam Books. http://www.tamtambooks.com/serge.html. Retrieved 25 January 2011.
^ Simmons, Sylvie, The Guardian (2 February 2001). "The eyes have it". London. http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4128684,00.html.

References [link]

Serge Gainsbourg: View From The Exterior by Alan Clayson (1998). Sanctuary. ISBN 978-1-86074-222-4
Serge Gainsbourg: A Fistful of Gitanes by Sylvie Simmons (2002). Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-81183-8

External links [link]

Serge Gainsbourg official site (French)
Serge Gainsbourg at the Internet Movie Database
Serge Gainsbourg discography at Discogs
The lyrics of Serge Gainsbourg in English

v t e Serge Gainsbourg

Studio albums	Du chant à la une!... (1958) N° 2 (1959) L'Étonnant Serge Gainsbourg (1961) N°4 (1962) Gainsbourg Confidentiel (1963) Gainsbourg Percussions (1964) Initials B.B. (1968) Jane Birkin/Serge Gainsbourg (1969) Histoire de Melody Nelson (1971) Vu de l'extérieur (1973) Rock Around the Bunker (1975) L'Homme à tête de chou (1976) Aux armes et cætera (1979) Mauvaises nouvelles des étoiles (1981) Love on the Beat (1984) You're Under Arrest (1987)

Compilation albums	Bonnie and Clyde (1968) La Chanson De Prévert (1978) De Gainsbourg à Gainsbarre (1990)

Live albums	Enregistrement public au théâtre le palace (1980) Live (1985) Le Zénith de Gainsbourg (1988)

Tribute albums	Intoxicated Man (1995, Mick Harvey) Pink Elephants (1997, Mick Harvey) Great Jewish Music: Serge Gainsbourg (1997) Monsieur Gainsbourg Revisited (2006)

Film scores	L'Eau À La Bouche (1960) Anna (1967) Ce Sacré Grand-Père (1968) Cannabis (1970) Je t'aime... moi non plus (1976) Madame Claude (1977) Goodbye Emmanuelle (1977) Je vous aime (1980) Tenue de soirée (1986)

Films	Je t'aime... moi non plus (1976) Équateur (1983) Charlotte for Ever (1986) Stan the Flasher (1990)

Writings	Evguénie Sokolov (1980)

Related articles	Discography Albums Songs Gainsbourg (vie héroïque) Charlotte Gainsbourg Jane Birkin Caroline von Paulus

v t e Winning songwriters of the Eurovision Song Contest

1950s	Géo Voumard / Émile Gardaz Guus Jansen / Willy van Hemert Hubert Giraud / Pierre Delanoë Dick Schallies / Willy van Hemert

1960s	André Popp / Pierre Cour Jacques Datin / Maurice Vidalin Claude-Henri Vic / Roland Valande Otto Francker / Sejr Volmer-Sørensen Nicola Salerno / Mario Panzeri Serge Gainsbourg Udo Jürgens / Udo Jürgens, Thomas Hörbiger Bill Martin, Phil Coulter Manuel de la Calva, Ramón Arcusa David Hartsema / Lenny Kuhr Alan Moorhouse / Peter Warne Maria José de Cerato / Aniano Alcalde Émile Stern / Eddy Marnay

1970s	Derry Lindsay, Jackie Smith Jean-Pierre Bourtayre / Yves Dessca Mario Panas, Klaus Munro / Yves Dessca, Klaus Munro Claude Morgan / Vline Buggy Benny Andersson, Björn Ulvaeus, Stig Anderson Dick Bakker / Will Luikinga, Eddy Ouwens Tony Hiller, Lee Sheriden, Martin Lee Jean-Paul Cara / Joe Gracy Nurit Hirsh / Ehud Manor Kobi Oshrat / Shimrit Orr

1980s	Shay Healy Andy Hill, John Danter Ralph Siegel / Bernd Meinunger Jean-Pierre Millers / Alain Garcia Torgny Söderberg / Britt Lindeborg Rolf Løvland Jean Paul Furnémon, Angelo Crisci / Rosario Marino Atria Seán Sherrard Nella Martinetti, Atilla Şereftuğ Rajko Dujmić / Stevo Cvikić

1990s	Toto Cutugno Stephan Berg Seán Sherrard Jimmy Walsh Brendan Graham Rolf Løvland / Petter Skavland Brendan Graham Kimberley Rew Svika Pick / Yoav Ginai Lars Diedricson / Marcos Ubeda

2000s	Jørgen Olsen Ivar Must / Maian-Anna Kärmas Marija Naumova / Marija Naumova, Marats Samauskis Demir Demirkan, Sertab Erener / Demir Demirkan Ruslana Lyzhychko / Ruslana Lyzhychko, Alexandr Ksenofontov Christos Dantis / Christos Dantis, Natalia Germanou Tomi Putaansuu Vladimir Graić / Saša Milošević Mare Dima Bilan, Jim Beanz Alexander Rybak

2010s	Julie Frost, John Gordon Stefan Örn, Sandra Bjurman, Iain James Farquharson Thomas G:son, Peter Boström

Persondata
Name	Gainsbourg, Serge
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	2 April 1928
Place of birth
Date of death	2 March 1991
Place of death

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Café Quijano
Origin	León, Spain
Genres	Latin
Years active	1998— 2007
Website	www.cafequijano.com
Members
Manuel Quijano Óscar Quijano Raúl Quijano

Café Quijano is a Spanish pop band formed by three brothers, Manuel, Óscar and Raúl Quijano, all of whom are singers. The brothers are originally from León, along with their father, who ran a musical pub called "la Lola" in the city center, which gave name to one of their most well-known songs. Apart from publishing four successful albums, they presented galas, collaborated with Disney for soundtracks and worked on a project with Castilla y León's image to promote tourism to the region.

Throughout its history the band has collaborated with artists such as the outstanding Cuban musician Pancho Amat on their debut album. Olga Tañon sings with them in "La Taberna del Buda", and on their last production they sang with Joaquín Sabina and Celine Dion.

In April 2007, Manuel Quijano, the lead singer, announced his first solo CD (Vidas y Venidas), and confirmed that, after the promotion of ¡Qué grande es esto del amor!, the group was to split up.

Discography [link]

Café Quijano (1998)

Loco de amor
Ante todo
Tu ritmo loco
Poesía de amor
La duda eterna
La vecinita
Discúlpame
Envidia
Pensando en ti
Porque me miras

La Extraordinaria Paradoja del Sonido Quijano (1999)

La Lola
Sangre negra
Hablando a un cristal
El perdido
Morenita
Falsas promesas
Vete de mí
Los locos
Lágrimas de miel
En algún rincón

La Taberna del Buda(2001)

¡Qué Grande Es Esto del Amor! (2003)

Tequila
Cerrando bares
El arte del teatro
La duquesa
¡Qué grande es esto del amor!
¿Por qué me miente?
Todo es mentira
El loco triste
Dame de esa boca
Nadie lo entiende (chorus feat. Celine Dion)
No tienes corazón (feat. Joaquín Sabina)
Sirvame una copita

Trivia [link]

Café Quijano wrote the lyrics for and sang in Disney's Spanish-dubbed version of Lilo & Stitch, providing the main song called "Ardiente Amor" ("Burning Love").
In 2004 Café Quijano composed the Spanish National Football Team's song for that year's Eurocup, called "Sírvame una Copita" (Pour me a drink). The Spanish meaning of "Sírvame una Copita" for Eurocup is "Serve (bring) me a cup" (the winning cup of Eurocup).
They were among the artists selected by Armando Manzanero to make his record "Duetos" (Duets), in which they sing "Esperaré" ("I'll Wait").

External links [link]

Official Site (Spanish)
Café Quijano's MySpace page

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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (February 2010)

Jamel Debbouze
Debbouze at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival
Born	(1975-06-18) 18 June 1975 (age 37) Paris, France
Nationality	French Moroccan^[1]
Occupation	Actor, comedian, producer
Years active	1992–present
Spouse	Mélissa Theuriau
Website
http://www.jameldebbouze.fr

Jamel Debbouze (Arabic: جمال دبّوز‎; born 18 June 1975) is a French and Moroccan actor, comedian, and producer.

1 Biography
2 Career
3 Filmography
4 Shows
5 References
6 External links

Biography [link]

Debbouze was born in Paris, France, but his family, from Taza, moved back to Morocco the following year. They returned in 1979 and settled in Trappes in 1983, in the Paris region, where Debbouze spent the rest of his childhood. He is the eldest of his siblings: Mohamed, Hayat, Karim, Rachid and Nawel Debbouze.^[2]

On 17 January 1990, at the train station in Trappes, he was struck by a passing train travelling at 150 km/h. He lost the use of his right arm, while another young man, Jean-Paul Admette, the son of the singer from Reunion Michel Admette, died. Debbouze was sued by the victim’s family for manslaughter but the case was dismissed by lack of proof, most of the witnesses retracting. In December 2004, while he was going to perform on a Reunion stage, Debbouze cancelled, claiming illness, while Michel Admette’s parents had organized a demonstration against his arrival^[3].

In 1995, he was spotted by the bosses of Radio Nova, Jacques Massadian and Jean-François Bizot, who made him famous (Jacques Massadian would become his manager). He debuted on Radio Nova, with a film review show, Le Cinéma de Jamel and on television around 1996-1997 on cable channel Paris Première, in a TV show co-produced by Radio Nova and the channel. He took Le Cinéma de Jamel to television on Canal+ in 1998. On the same channel, he contributed to another show, H, along Éric Judor and Ramzy Bedia.

He played in the movies Zonzon (1998), international box-office hit Amélie (2001), domestic hit Asterix & Obelix: Mission Cléopâtre (2002), and Angel-A, directed by Luc Besson (2005).

In 2006, he played in the historical movie Indigènes (which he coproduced), paying tribute to the North-African soldiers who fought for France during WW2. For this movie, he got the prize for best male actor at the 59th edition of the Cannes Film Festival with Samy Naceri, Roschdy Zem, Sami Bouajila and Bernard Blancan.

In April 2008, Debbouze opened a Comedy Club in Paris, aimed at launching newcomers on the stand-up scene ^[4].

On 29 March 2008 Debbouze became engaged to French journalist and news anchor Mélissa Theuriau; the two married on 7 May 2008.^[5]

In 2009, he collaborated with the rap band 113 and Awa Imani for the project Maghreb United of Rim'K'^[6].

On 1 December 2010 is released his new DVD named Made in Jamel and featuring the likes of Gad Elmaleh, Florence Foresti, Elie Semoun, Stromae, Didier Bourdon, and Sophie Mounicot.

His next show, Jamel improvise, debuted in January 2011^[7], before playing every evenings Tout sur Jamel from 1 January to 20 January at the Casino de Paris.

Career [link]

First works [link]

In 1990, Debbouze met Alain Degois, an educator who organized theater improvisation workshops, and joined his troupe. With this troupe, he took part in the French Championship of Improvisation in 1991 and toured Quebec and Morocco. In 1992, he got his first part in a film called Les Pierres Bleues du Désert. After this film, Debbouze wanted to work as an actor and create his own show. This happened in 1995 with the show C'est Tout Neuf which had been enjoyed a lot. Then he had an approximative^{[clarification needed]} role on the radio program Radio Nova and took part in the television program Nova Premiere where he was noticed by Canal+.

Debbouze's various shows [link]

In 1998, Debbouze played Jamel Dridi an operator, in the hospital sitcom, H on Canal+, alongside fellow comedians Eric and Ramzy. By the time the series ended in 2002, Debbouze had achieved national fame.

In March 1999, Debbouze started his new show Jamel en Scène. In this show, Debbouze talked about his beginnings, his childhood and show business. The show played at La Cigale and then at the Bataclan in Paris. He went on tour throughout France in 2000. At the end of the year, he returned to Paris with his show at the Olympia for three weeks.

In 2002, Debbouze returned with a new show, 100% Debbouze. For three years this show played in the top Parisian theaters: the Casino de Paris, the Bataclan, the Zenith, and the Olympia. He then toured France, Morocco, Tunisia, Switzerland and Belgium. The DVD of the show went on sale in 2004, and sold more than 1 million copies.

In 2006, Debbouze became the presenter of a new program, Jamel Comedy Club, which featured a half an hour of the new generation of French humorists each week. With this troupe, Debbouze went to the Casino de Paris in 2007 for a new show, le Jamel Comedy Club Envahit le Casino de Paris. This show was very successful, its run was extended and it also played in Canada.

Cinematic works [link]

Debbouze at the 2001 César Awards

In 1992, the seventeen-year-old Debbouze appeared in his first film, Les Pierres Bleues du Désert. The film tells the story of a young boy who is persecuted because he believes in the existence of blue stones in the desert. It was the first of numerous film roles for Debbouze. In 1996, he played a small part in Les Deux papas et la maman, a film by Jean-Marc Doval with Smaïn and Arielle Dombasle. Three years later he received his first big role in a feature film called Le Ciel les oiseaux et ta ... mère! (Boys on the Beach). This comedy was successful, with more than one million tickets sold. Over the next two years he continued his stage shows, before returning to film with the highly-successful Le fabuleux destin d'Amélie Poulain. He was nominated for his part in this film for the César Award of the Best Supporting Actor in 2002. In 2002, Debbouze appeared in another big French film, Asterix & Obelix: Mission Cleopatra directed by Alain Chabat. This successful film was seen by 14,000,000 spectators. In 2005 he had the leading role in Luc Besson's film Angel-A.

In 2006, Debbouze played one of the most important parts of his career in the film Indigènes (Days of Glory in the United States). The film told the story of four African soldiers who participate in the liberation of France during World War II. Debbouze, Samy Naceri, Sami Bouajila and Roschdy Zem shared the prize for the best male performance at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival.^[8]

Television work [link]

In 1996, he took part for the first time in a TV show called Nova première on Paris Première. He was noticed on this show by some producers from Canal+ who hired him to present a show called Le cinéma de Jamel. For New Year's Eve in 2000, Debbouze created a TV show for this occasion called the Jamel show. Numerous French comedians such as Bruno Solo, Alain Chabat, Elie and Dieudonné appeared in this show. In April 2003, he took part in 6 commercials for Orangina.

Filmography [link]

Sur la piste du Marsupilami (2012)
Outside the Law (2010)
Why I Did (Not) Eat My Father - (2009)
Parlez-moi de la pluie - (2008)
Asterix at the Olympic Games - (2008) - Numerobis
Indigènes - (2006, English title Days of Glory, also a coproducer)
Angel-A - (2005)
She Hate Me - Doak (2004)
Les Clefs de bagnole - Voice of the modelling-clay dog (2003)
Le Boulet - The Malian guard (2002)
Asterix & Obelix: Mission Cléopatre - Numerobis (2002)
Le fabuleux destin d'Amélie Poulain - Lucien (2001, English title: Amélie)
Granturismo - François (2000)
Elie annonce Semoun - Various characters (2000)
Les Petits souliers - Zinedine Haouita (1999)
Rêve de cauchemar - Saïd (1999)
Le Ciel, les oiseaux et... ta mère! - Youssef (1999, English title: Boys On the Beach)
Un pavé dans la mire - The prison guard (1998)
H - Jamel Dridi (1998–2004, TV Series)
Zonzon - Kader (1998)
Y a du foutage de gueule dans l'air - (1996)
Les Deux papas et la maman - (1996, English title: Two Dads and One Mom)
Les Pierres bleues du desert - (1992)

Shows [link]

Year	Title
1996	C'est tout neuf
1999	Jamel en scène
2000	Jamel Show
2004	Jamel 100 % Debbouze
2007	Le Jamel Comedy Club Envahit Le Casino De Paris
2009	Le Jamel Comedy Club Show
2010	Made in Jamel
2011	Tout sur Jamel
2011	Le Marrakech du rire

References [link]

^ "Le couple Debbouze à Marrakech". Le Figaro. Paris: Société du Figaro. 8 May 2008. http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2008/05/08/01011-20080508FILWWW00512-le-couple-debbouze-a-marrakech.php.
^ Johnston, Sheila (3 November 2008). "Jamel Debbouze: France's new superstar". Telegraph. London: Telegraph Media Group Limited. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/comedy/3562816/Jamel-Debbouze-Frances-new-superstar.html. Retrieved 8 February 2010.
^ Marie Jocher et Alain Kéramoal, Jamel Debbouze, la vérité, Seuil, janvier 2008.
^ Le Comedy Club, au 42 boulevard Bonne Nouvelle à Paris, dispose d'une salle implantée dans un ancien cinéma parisien qui peut accueillir jusqu’à 120 spectateurs: « La nouvelle scène selon Jamel »
^ http://www.vivre-maroc.com/actu/2008/06/13/mariage-de-jamel-debbouze-et-melissa-theuriau/
^ Jamel Debbouze chante pour Maghreb United
^ http://www.lejdc.fr/editions_locales/nevers/jamel_fait_un_retour_fracassant_et_eclatant_photos_@CARGNjFdJSsBFRgCBBg-.html
^ "Festival de Cannes: Days of Glory". festival-cannes.com. http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/4352781/year/2006.html. Retrieved 2009-12-13.

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jamel Debbouze

Official site
Jamel Debbouze at the Internet Movie Database

v t e Festival de Cannes (Cannes Film Festival) Prix d'interprétation masculine (Best Actor) 2000–2019

Tony Leung Chiu-Wai (2000) Benoît Magimel (2001) Olivier Gourmet (2002) Muzaffer Ozdemir/Emin Toprak (2003) Yūya Yagira (2004) Tommy Lee Jones (2005) Jamel Debbouze/Samy Naceri/Roschdy Zem/Sami Bouajila/Bernard Blancan (2006) Konstantin Lavronenko (2007) Benicio del Toro (2008) Christoph Waltz (2009) Javier Bardem/Elio Germano (2010) Jean Dujardin (2011)

Complete List (1946–1959) (1960–1979) (1980–1999) (2000–2019)

Persondata
Name	Debbouze, Jamel
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	18 June 1975
Place of birth	Paris, France
Date of death
Place of death

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