Albert Calmette
Albert Calmette
Born	(1863-07-12)July 12, 1863 Nice, France
Died	October 29, 1933(1933-10-29) (aged 70) Paris
Nationality	France
Fields	Bacteriology
Institutions	Pasteur Institute
Known for	Bacillus Calmette-Guérin antivenin

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Léon Charles Albert Calmette ForMemRS^[1] (July 12, 1863 – October 29, 1933) was a French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist, and an important officer of the Pasteur Institute. He discovered the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, an attenuated form of Mycobacterium used in the BCG vaccine against tuberculosis. He also developed the first antivenin for snake venom, the Calmette's serum.

Early career[link]

Calmette was born in Nice, France. He wanted to serve in the Navy and be a physician, so in 1881 he joined the School of Naval Physicians at Brest. He started to serve in 1883 in the Naval Medical Corps in Hong Kong, where he studied malaria and got his doctoral degree in 1886 on this subject. He was then assigned to Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, where he arrived in 1887. After, he served in West Africa, in Gabon and French Congo, where he researched malaria, sleeping sickness and pellagra.

Association with Pasteur[link]

Upon his return to France in 1890, Calmette met Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) and Emile Roux (1853–1933), who was his professor in a course on bacteriology. He became an associate and was charged by Pasteur to found and direct a branch of the Pasteur Institute at Saigon (French Indochina), in 1891. There, he dedicated himself to the nascent field of toxicology, which had important connections to immunology, and he studied snake and bee venom, plant poisons and curare. He also organized the production of vaccines against smallpox and rabies and carried out research on cholera, and the fermentation of opium and rice.

In 1894, he came back to France again and develop the first antivenoms for snake bites using immune sera from vaccinated horses (Calmette's serum). Work in this field was later taken up by Brazilian physician Vital Brazil, in São Paulo at the Instituto Butantan, who developed several other antivenoms against snakes, scorpions and spiders.

He also took part in the development in the first immune serum against the bubonic plague (black pest), in collaboration with the discoverer of its pathogenic agent, Yersinia pestis, by Alexandre Yersin (1863–1943), and went to Portugal to study and to help fight an epidemic at Oporto.

Institute leadership[link]

In 1895, Roux entrusted him with the directorship of the Institute's branch at Lille (Institut Pasteur de Lille), where he was to remain for the next 25 years. In 1901, he founded the first antituberculosis dispensary at Lille, and named it after Emile Roux. In 1904, he founded the "Ligue du Nord contre la Tuberculose" (Northern Antituberculosis League), which exists until today.

In 1909, he helped to establish the Institute branch in Algiers (Algeria). In 1918, he accepted the post of assistant director of the Institute in Paris; the following year he was made a member of the Académie Nationale de Médecine.

Research on tuberculosis[link]

Institut Pasteur de Lille

Calmette's main scientific work, which was to bring him worldwide fame and his name permanently attached to the history of medicine was the attempt to develop a vaccine against tuberculosis, which, at the time, was a giant killer disease. The German microbiologist Robert Koch had discovered, in 1882, that the tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was its pathogenic agent, and Louis Pasteur became interested in it too. In 1906, a veterinarian and immunologist, Camille Guérin, had established that immunity against tuberculosis was associated with the living tubercle bacilli in the blood. Using Pasteur's approach, Calmette investigated how immunity would develop in response to attenuated bovine bacilli injected in animals. This preparation received the name of its two discoverers (Bacillum Calmette-Guérin, or BCG, for short). Attenuation was achieved by cultivating them in a bile-containing substrate, based on idea given by a Norwegian researcher, Kristian Feyer Andvord (1855–1934). From 1908 to 1921, Guérin and Calmette strived to produce less and less virulent strains of the bacillus, by transferring them to successive cultures. Finally, in 1921, they used BCG to successfully vaccine newborn infants in the Charité in Paris.

The vaccination program, however, suffered a serious setback when 72 vaccinated children developed tuberculosis in 1930, in Lübeck, Germany, due to a contamination of some batches in Germany. Mass vaccination of children was reinstated in many countries after 1932, when new and safer production techniques were implemented. Notwithstanding, Calmette was deeply shaken by the event, dying one year later, in Paris.

Personal life[link]

He was the brother of Gaston Calmette (1858–1914), the editor of Le Figaro who was murdered in 1914 by Henriette Caillaux, socialite wife of Finance Minister Joseph Caillaux.

Legacy[link]

Today, his name is was one of the few remaining French names in the streets of Ho Chi Minh City (others being Yersin, Rhodes, Pasteur). A new bridge (completed in 2009) is also named "Calmette" connecting district 1 to district 4, also connected to the exit of the new Thu Thiem tunnel connecting the district 1 to the future residential Thu Thiem area in district 2.

References[link]

Bibliography[link]

• Nègre, Noël; Léopold (1939). Albert Calmette, sa vie, son oeuvre scientifique. Paris: Masson et Cie. OCLC 23392606. 
• Calmette, A. (1896). "The Treatment of Animals Poisoned with Snake Venom by the Injection of Antivenomous Serum". BMJ 2 (1859): 399–400. DOI:10.1136/bmj.2.1859.399. PMC 2509956. PMID 20756388. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2509956. 
• Hawgood BJ (August 2007). "Albert Calmette (1863-1933) and Camille Guérin (1872-1961): the C and G of BCG vaccine". Journal of Medical Biography 15 (3): 139–46. DOI:10.1258/j.jmb.2007.06-15 (inactive 2010-01-05). PMID 17641786. http://jmb.rsmjournals.com/cgi/content/abstract/15/3/139. 
• Daniel TM (September 2005). "Leon Charles Albert Calmette and BCG vaccine". The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 9 (9): 944–5. PMID 16158885. http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/nlm?genre=article&issn=1027-3719&volume=9&issue=9&spage=944&aulast=Daniel. 
• Milleliri JM (2005). "Unpublished letter from Albert Calmette to Marcel Léger. A new mission for China? [Unpublished letter from Albert Calmette to Marcel Léger. A new mission for China?]" (in French). Médecine Tropicale 65 (2): 135. PMID 16038352. 
• Hawgood BJ (September 1999). "Doctor Albert Calmette 1863-1933: founder of antivenomous serotherapy and of antituberculous BCG vaccination". Toxicon 37 (9): 1241–58. DOI:10.1016/S0041-0101(99)00086-0. PMID 10400286. 
• Oehme J (August 1993). "Albert Calmette (1863-1933) [Albert Calmette (1863-1933)]" (in German). Kinderkrankenschwester 12 (8): 288. PMID 8398793. 
• Bendiner E (October 1992). "Albert Calmette: a vaccine and its vindication". Hospital Practice 27 (10A): 113–6, 119–22, 125 passim. PMID 1400676. 
• Fillastre C (1986). "Homage to Albert Calmette [Homage to Albert Calmette]" (in French). Developments in Biological Standardization 58 ( Pt A): 3–7. PMID 3297869. 
• Dodin A (1983). "Albert Calmette. President of the Société de Pathologie Exotique [Albert Calmette. President of the Société de Pathologie Exotique]" (in French). Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique et de ses filiales 76 (3): 211–4. PMID 6354491. 
• Birth CA (March 1974). "Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Léon Charles Albert Calmette 1863-1933 Jean-Marie Camille Guérin 1872-1961". The Practitioner 212 (1269): 391–2. PMID 4614251. 
• Gelinas JA (November 1973). "Albert Calmette. The Saigon years 1891-1893: A historical review". Military Medicine 138 (11): 730–3. PMID 4201992. 
• Cossairt J (June 1973). "Stamps in radiology (Leon Charles Albert Calmette)". Radiology 107 (3): 536. PMID 4581661. 
• Togunova AI (1971). "Half a century since the development and practical application of live BCG vaccine (Albert Calmette), (Camille Guérin) [Half a century since the development and practical application of live BCG vaccine (Albert Calmette), (Camille Guérin)]" (in Russian). Problemy Tuberkuleza 49 (4): 1–6. PMID 4944950. 
• Deschiens R (1966). "Homage to Madame Albert Calmette [Homage to Madame Albert Calmette]" (in French). Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique et de ses filiales 59 (6): 933–6. PMID 4868558. 
• DUJARRICDELARIVIERE R (1964). "EULOGY FOR CHARLES-ALBERT CALMETTE (1863-1933) [EULOGY FOR CHARLES-ALBERT CALMETTE (1863-1933)]" (in French). Bulletin de l'Académie Nationale de Médecine 148: 648–55. PMID 14262487. 
• ROCCHIETTA S (October 1964). "ALBERT CALMETTE (1863-1933) [ALBERT CALMETTE (1863-1933)]" (in Italian). Minerva Medica 55: 1432–4. PMID 14225467. 
• ""NO TRUCE FOR TUBERCULOSIS". 4. THE BIRTH OF BCG. ALBERT CALMETTE AND CAMILLE GUERIN". Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 18: 418–9. July 1964. PMID 14179613. 
• TOGUNOVA AI (1964). "THE LIFE AND WORK OF ALBERT CALMETTE [THE LIFE AND WORK OF ALBERT CALMETTE]" (in Russian). Vestnik Akademii Meditsinskikh Nauk SSSR 19: 69–74. PMID 14255874. 
• "CELEBRATION OF THE CENTENARY OF THE BIRTH OF ALBERT CALMETTE (1863-1933) [CELEBRATION OF THE CENTENARY OF THE BIRTH OF ALBERT CALMETTE (1863-1933)]" (in French). Semaine des Hôpitaux. Informations 42: 5–7. November 1963. PMID 14095595. 
• LUGOSI L (November 1963). "ALBERT CALMETTE AND CAMILLE GUERIN [ALBERT CALMETTE AND CAMILLE GUERIN]" (in Hungarian). Gyermekgyógyászat 14: 321–2. PMID 14097501. 
• VANBENEDEN J (November 1963). "ALBERT CALMETTE. AN EXCITING AND PRODUCTIVE CAREER [ALBERT CALMETTE. AN EXCITING AND PRODUCTIVE CAREER]" (in French). Revue médicale de Liège 18: 669–74. PMID 14095568. 
• DE ASSIS A (July 1963). "ALBERT CALMETTE. (APROPOS OF THEFIRST CENTENARY OF HIS BIRTH) [ALBERT CALMETTE. (APROPOS OF THEFIRST CENTENARY OF HIS BIRTH)]" (in Portuguese). Hospital 64: 1–11. PMID 14048912. 

External links[link]

• León Charles Albert Calmette. WhoNamedIt site.
• Albert Calmette (1863-1933). Repéres Chronologiques. Institut Pasteur, Paris (In French).

Mickaël Landreau

Personal information
Full name	Mickaël Vincent André-Marie Landreau
Date of birth	(1979-05-14) 14 May 1979 (age 33)
Place of birth	Machecoul, France
Height	1.84 m (6 ft 1⁄2 in)
Playing position	Goalkeeper
Club information
Current club	Lille
Number	1
Youth career
1995–1996	Nantes
Senior career*
Years	Team	Apps†	(Gls)†
1996–2006	Nantes	421	(0)
2006–2009	Paris Saint-Germain	114	(0)
2009–	Lille	66	(0)
National team‡
2001–2008	France	11	(1)
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 29 May 2011. † Appearances (Goals). ‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 17 October 2007

Mickaël Vincent André-Marie Landreau (born May 14, 1979 in Machecoul) is a French professional football goalkeeper, who currently plays for French Ligue 1 side Lille OSC. He has 11 caps for the French national team.

Club career[link]

Nantes[link]

Landreau graduated from the Nantes Atlantique "Centre of Excellence" in La Jonelière. His first professional match for Nantes was a 0–0 draw against Bastia in 1996. Since 1996, he remained a mainstay in the Nantes starting line-up, and consistently produced excellent performances. He was selected to represent the France youth national team at the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship.In the next ten years, he hardly missed a mandatory meeting, completed in July 2005 his 300th Point game and was an important support for his team during their successes around the turn of the millennium. Having won two consecutive French Cup trophies in 1999 and 2000, Landreau and Nantes were crowned 2001 Ligue 1 champions. In the semi-final of the 2004 French Cup, Landreau produced several saves, but to no avail as the team could not score and were eliminated from the competition. At the end of the 2005–06 Ligue 1 season, Landreau's contract with Nantes was set to expire. He gave a press conference and announced that after thirteen years, he would leave FC Nantes to meet new challenges in a more important team. He announced his intention to leave his first club just before the end of the 2005-2006 season . During his last match at Stade de la Beaujoire on 6 May 2006 , he received a tribute from the fans who salute his dedication and loyalty to the club for thirteen years. The season following his departure, FC Nantes is relegated to Ligue 2.

Paris Saint-Germain[link]

He then joined Paris Saint-Germain on a free transfer, signing a four-years contract on 15 May 2006. At Paris Saint-Germain, Landreau has established himself as a first choice goalkeeper beating Jérôme Alonzo and youngster Nicolas Cousin Also, he become a fan favorite. On 5 August 2006, Landreau made his debut for PSG in a 3-2 loss against Lorient. In both 2006/7, 2007/8 and 2008/9, Landreau played all 38 appearance in his PSG Career. At his last appearance at PSG in a match against AS Monaco which resulted 0-0 draw and his last clean sheet, he thanked the fans this rare club loyalty and passed him with a standing ovation. After a 2007/8 season ended, Landreau has been linked with a move away from the club after Gregory Coupet remains keen to play abroad at PSG, who could replaced him as a first choice goalkeeper. However, Charles Villeneuve says has not confirmed Landreau's place in the squad for next season and has hinted at an interest in Coupet but Sebastien Bazin (the chairman of PSG's majority shareholders Colony Capital) insists Landreau will not be leaving the club.^[1] Reports claims Landreau could be set to move to Real Madrid in order to become Iker Casillas’ understudy.^[2] Eventually, Coupet eventually move to Paris Saint Germain putting Landreau future in doubt.^[3]

Lille[link]

After the 2008/9 season, Lille made a 2million euros (£1.7million) offer for Landreau who wanted him to replace the veteran goalkeeper Grégory Malicki (who left Lille to join Dijon on a free transfer and was the first choice goalkeeper for Lille in the 2008/9 season.) The move was agreed ^[4] and the move was completed.^[5] Five days after signing for Lille, he suffered a massive blow by damaging cruciate ligaments during a training session which will keep him out of action for around six-months. During his absent due to injury, Ludovic Butelle get more playing time and played about 10 match until Landreau return and he later became the first choice-goalkeeper ever since. On 22 October 2010, Landreau was back on the bench in Europa League during the match against Genoa (3-0) and made his league debut for Lille in a 2-0 win over Grenoble on 30 October 2009. In 2010/2011, Landreau was involved the Lille squad that won the Ligue 1 for the third time in club history and the first time since 1954. He made history by becoming the first player ever to compete in the Trophée des champions with three different clubs.

International career[link]

Landreau was called up to the French squad for the 2006 World Cup by French national team manager Raymond Domenech. He wore the number 1 shirt for France at the tournament, despite being third-choice keeper behind Fabien Barthez and Grégory Coupet. Landreau later became the second choice behind Coupet even though Barthez, who had retired after the World Cup, returned to professional football in December 2006. Landreau was surprisingly not named to the French squad for Euro 2008, with Steve Mandanda and Sébastien Frey being named ahead of him.^[6] Hugo Lloris has since emerged as the country's first-choice goalkeeper.

Honours[link]

Club[link]

Nantes

• Ligue 1: 2001
• Coupe de France: 1999, 2000
• Trophée Des Champions: 1999, 2001

Paris Saint-Germain

• Coupe de la Ligue: 2008

Lille

• Coupe de France: 2011
• Ligue 1: 2011

Country[link]

• France
  • 2006 FIFA World Cup: Runner-up

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official Website
• Mickaël Landreau French league stats at LFP.fr (French)^{[dead link]}
• (French) FFF profile
• (French) PSG profile
• (English) UEFA interview

France Squad v t e France squad – 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup Winners (1st Title) 1 Ramé 2 Sagnol 3 Lizarazu 4 Vieira 5 Gillet 6 Djorkaeff 7 Pirès 8 Desailly (c) 9 Anelka 10 Carrière 11 Wiltord 12 Dacourt 13 Silvestre 14 Née 15 Bréchet 16 Coupet 17 Marlet 18 Leboeuf 19 Karembeu 20 Camara 21 Dugarry 22 Robert 23 Landreau Coach: Lemerre v t e France squad – 2002 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship 1 Landreau 2 Réveillère 3 Escudé 4 Boumsong 5 Berson 6 Bréchet 7 Sorlin 8 Sablé 9 Govou 10 Malbranque 11 Luyindula 12 Armand 13 Frau 14 Delpierre 15 Mexès 16 Gregorini 17 Di Tommaso 18 Pedretti 19 Meriem 20 Mathis 21 Chapuis 22 Vercoutre Coach: Domenech v t e France squad – 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup Winners (2nd Title) 1 Landreau 2 Mexès 3 Lizarazu 4 Boumsong 5 Gallas 6 Dacourt 7 Pirès 8 Desailly (c) 9 Cissé 10 Giuly 11 Wiltord 12 Henry 13 Silvestre 14 Rothen 15 Thuram 16 Barthez 17 Kapo 18 Pedretti 19 Sagnol 20 Marlet 21 Dabo 22 Govou 23 Coupet Coach: Santini v t e France squad – UEFA Euro 2004 1 Landreau 2 Boumsong 3 Lizarazu 4 Vieira 5 Gallas 6 Makélélé 7 Pirès 8 Desailly (c) 9 Saha 10 Zidane 11 Wiltord 12 Henry 13 Silvestre 14 Rothen 15 Thuram 16 Barthez 17 Dacourt 18 Pedretti 19 Sagnol 20 Trezeguet 21 Marlet 22 Govou 23 Coupet Coach: Santini v t e France squad – 2006 FIFA World Cup Runners-up 1 Landreau 2 Boumsong 3 Abidal 4 Vieira 5 Gallas 6 Makélélé 7 Malouda 8 Dhorasoo 9 Govou 10 Zidane (c) 11 Wiltord 12 Henry 13 Silvestre 14 Saha 15 Thuram 16 Barthez 17 Givet 18 Diarra 19 Sagnol 20 Trezeguet 21 Chimbonda 22 Ribéry 23 Coupet Coach: Domenech

Grégory Jean-Paul Lemarchal (13 May 1983 – 30 April 2007) was a French singer who rose to fame by winning the fourth series of the reality TV programme Star Academy France, broadcast on the TF1 television network.

He sold over 1 million albums in France, becoming the second highest-selling album of Star Academy France winner, behind Jenifer Bartoli, who sold 1.3 million albums in 2007.^[3][4]

Life and career[link]

1983–2002: Early life[link]

Lemarchal was born in La Tronche, Isère to Pierre Lemarchal and Laurence. He had a sister named Leslie. At twenty months of age, he was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis, a genetic condition which affects the lungs, liver, pancreas and intestine.^[5]

Growing up near Chambéry, Lemarchal enjoyed sports such as basketball and football, and even considered to be involved in sport journalism. Nevertheless, his passion for music and lifting dance was a force he could not resist. This was proven when he became the winner of Lifting France of Rock 'N' Roll, a rock 'n' roll dancing competition, in 1995 at the age of 12.^[6]

In 1998, Lemarchal tried out for a talent show, Graines de stars, by doing a solo performance, singing Daniel Balavoine's "Le Chanteur", as well as performing a trio with two other contestants by singing "Foule sentimentale" by Alain Souchon. However, it was unsuccessful. Nevertheless, his brilliant performances in the show catapulted him into fame and turned him into a local celebrity.^[5][6]

[edit] 2003–2004: Career debut & Star Academy

In May 2003, Lemarchal was involved in a comedy musical theater entitled Adam and Eve which was directed by Paul Tordjmann. Sponsored by Sony Music, AB Prod, Radio Scoop and Partouche, the musical theater had ambitious plans to make a provincial tour, before settling at the Le Zénith in Paris. A total of 16 actors and dancers were involved in the production, with Lemarchal taking the lead role as Adam.^[7]

In 2004, Lemarchal gained international recognition after participated in the fourth season of Star Academy France. Through the recommendation of a friend, he was contacted by the show's producers who needed another male contestant for the show.^[5] During his participation in the show, he had the opportunity to perform with French singers such as Yannick Noah, Michel Sardou, and Patrick Bruel and Italian tenor, Andrea Bocelli. On 22 December 2004, Lemarchal was announced as the winner of the season, beating fellow contestant Lucie Bernardoni with a massive vote of 80% to become the first male winner of the series.^[8]

[edit] 2005–2007: Je deviens moi & Olympia 06

In March 2005, Lemarchal released his debut single, "Écris l'histoire", which peaked at number 2 in French Singles Chart and it was held off by Ilona Mitrecey's "Un Monde Parfait" which topped the chart at number 1.^[9] It spent 21 weeks in the chart and was certified platinum.^[5][10] Soon after, he released his most anticipated first album, Je deviens moi, where it debuted at number 1 and was certified platinum.^[5][8] The second single of the album was "Je suis en vie". It debuted at number 17 in French Singles Chart. On its second week, it dropped to number 26, before climbing back to position number 21. The song only stayed in the chart for 13 weeks before exiting the chart.^[11] The third single, "À Corps perdu", was less successful compared to its predecessors (major French radios refusing to play it on account that it was "too sad").

At the NRJ Music Awards, Lemarchal won the award "Breakthrough Artist of the Year" ("Révélation francophone de l'année") which was held in January 2006. From May to June 2006, he completed his first solo nationwide tour across France, Belgium and Switzerland and a DVD album of his performance, Olympia 06, was released. His first single of the album, "Même si (What You're Made of)" was very successful. The song was a bilingual French-English version recorded by Lemarchal together with the original singer of the song, Lucie Silvas. The single debuted at number 2 in French Singles Chart and was held off by Pakito's "Living on Video".^[12] It spent a total of 26 weeks in the chart before dropping out.^[13] A live version of the album track "Le feu sur les planches" was then released.

Death[link]

In 2007, Lemarchal announced that his health was deteriorating and that he was ordered by doctors to take a few weeks off in order to recuperate. Nevertheless, in the morning of 30 April 2007, he died of complications while waiting for a lung transplant.^[5][6] The death of Lemarchal became news headlines all week and more than five thousand fans went to Chambéry to pay their respect on the day of his funeral. On 4 May 2007, a special television programme entitled "Grégory : La voix d'un ange" was broadcast on TF1 to commemorate his life and more than 10.5 million viewers were asked to donate money to raise funds to fight cystic fibrosis^[14] and help progress research into finding a cure. To date, more than 7.5 million euros have been raised for cystic fibrosis causes, in memory of Lemarchal.^[5]

A controversy emerged following the death of Lemarchal when Frédéric Martin, a humorist, was fined 4,000 euros including 2,000 of damages to the family of Lemarchal for referring to Lemarchal by the name of his illness on national television.^[5][15]

2007–2009: Posthumous career[link]

Lemarchal's posthumous album, La Voix d'un ange, was released one month and a half after his death by record company Universal Music Group France, with profits going towards the Association Grégory Lemarchal. This has raised a lot of controversy and the record company was accused of cashing in on his demise.^[5] Despite the ongoing controversy, the album was successful, topping both French Digital Chart and French Albums Chart as well as topping Belgian (Wallonia) Albums Chart at number one.^[16][17][18] The album was certified Platinum from the IFPI for selling more than 1 million copies across Europe.^[19]

Three singles were released from the album. The song "De temps en temps" debuted at number 1 at French Singles Chart and became Lemarchal's first number 1 single in the chart, as well as in the Belgian (Wallonia) Singles Chart.^[17][18][20] On its second week on French Singles Chart, it dropped to number 2. The song spent a total of 21 weeks before quitting the chart.^[21] The success of the single eventually garnered him a posthumous award of Vincent Scotto by SACEM, the Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada.^[22] The third single, "Restons Amis" debuted at number 9 in French Singles Chart and stayed in the chart for a total of 16 weeks.^[23]

In November 2009, a compilation entitled Rêves was released, containing all Lemarchal's previous hit singles plus two unpublished songs. The album started at number 1 in France.

Legacy[link]

Following the death of Lemarchal, the Association Grégory Lemarchal was founded on 7 June 2007 by his family. The organization is dedicated to improve the lives of cystic fibrosis sufferers and their families through information, research, and improving the public perception of cystic fibrosis.^[5][24] The Association Grégory Lemarchal has launched many activities, including aid and assistance of patients affected by cystic fibrosis and their families with the purpose to improve their quality of life.

In November 2007, Lemarchal's sister Leslie, published "Mon frère, l'artiste" ("My brother, an artist", Michel Lafon Editions)", which is a collection of photographs of Lemarchal whose copyright is paid to the Association Grégory Lemarchal.

Later that year, the production and contestants of Star Academy paid a tribute to Lemarchal through a show titled "La voix d'un ange". The show raised 6.3 million euros which went to the Association Grégory Lemarchal.^[22]

Discography[link]

Studio albums

• Je deviens moi (2005)
• La Voix d'un ange (2007)

Live albums

• Olympia 06 (2006)
• Les Pas d'un ange (2007)

Compilation albums

• Rêves (2009)

See also[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Grégory Lemarchal

• Cystic fibrosis
• Organ donation

References[link]