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Algonquian languages
The Algonquian languages (also Algonkian; or ) are a subfamily of Native American languages which includes most of the languages in the Algic language family. The name of the Algonquian language family is distinguished from the orthographically similar Algonquin dialect of the Ojibwe language, which is a member of the Algonquian language family. The term "Algonquin" derives from the Maliseet word elakómkwik (), "they are our relatives/allies". Most Algonquian languages are extremely endangered today, with few native speakers. A number of the languages have already become extinct.
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Anishinaabe
Anishinaabe or Anishinabe—or more properly Anishinaabeg or Anishinabek, which is the plural form of the word—is the autonym often used by the Odawa, Ojibwe, and Algonquin peoples. They all speak closely related Anishinaabemowin/Anishinaabe languages, of the Algonquian-language family.
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Black Hawk (chief)
Black Hawk or Black Sparrow Hawk (Sauk Makataimeshekiakiak (Mahkate:wi-meši-ke:hke:hkwa), "be a large black hawk") (spring 1767 – October 3, 1838) was a chief and warrior of the Sauk American Indian tribe in what is now the United States. Although he had inherited an important historic medicine bundle, he was not a hereditary civil chief of the Sauk, but was an appointed war chief. He was generally known in English as Black Hawk.
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Black Indians
http://wn.com/Black_Indians -
Eastern Woodlands
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Fox Wars
The Fox Wars were two 18th-century wars between the Fox Indians and the French (mainly through their Indian allies), which occurred in territories that are now the states of Michigan and Wisconsin. The First Fox War (1712–1716) broke out with the French when the Fox numbered some 3,500. After the Second Fox War (1728–1733), the remaining 1,500 Fox were reduced to 500. They found shelter with the Sac and retained their enmity toward the French.
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Iroquois
The Iroquois (), also known as the Haudenosaunee or the "People of the Longhouse", are an association of several tribes of indigenous people of North America. After the Iroquoian-speaking peoples coalesced as distinct tribes, based mostly in present-day central and upstate New York, in the 16th century or earlier they came together in an association known today as the Iroquois League, or the "League of Peace and Power". The original Iroquois League was often known as the Five Nations, as it was composed of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca nations. After the Tuscarora nation joined the League in 1722, the Iroquois became known as the Six Nations. The League is embodied in the Grand Council, an assembly of fifty hereditary sachems.
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Jim Thorpe
| debutdate = April 14
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Keokuk (Sauk chief)
Keokuk (1767–1848) was a chief of the Sauk or Sac tribe in central North America noted for his policy of cooperation with the U.S. government which led to conflict with Black Hawk, who led part of their band into the Black Hawk War. Keokuk County, Iowa and the town of Keokuk, Iowa, where he is buried, are named for him.
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Kickapoo people
The Kickapoo (Kickapoo: Kiikaapoa or Kiikaapoi) are an Algonquian-speaking Native American tribe. According to the Anishinaabeg, the name "Kickapoo" (Giiwigaabaw in the Anishinaabe language and its Kickapoo cognate Kiwikapawa) means "Stands here and there". It referred to the tribe's migratory patterns. The name can also mean "wanderer". This interpretation is contested and generally believed to be a folk etymology.
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Meskwaki
:"Fox Nation" redirects here. For the conservative Fox News-related Web site, see The Fox Nation.
http://wn.com/Meskwaki -
Ojibwa
http://wn.com/Ojibwa -
Sauk
http://wn.com/Sauk -
Wyandot people
http://wn.com/Wyandot_people
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Illinois ( {{respell|-i-), is the fifth-most populous state of the United States of America, and is often noted for being a microcosm of the entire country. It is the most populous state in the Midwest region, however with 65% of its residents concentrated in the Chicago metropolitan area, most of the state has either a rural or a small town character. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and western Illinois, and natural resources like coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a broad economic base. Illinois is an important transportation hub; the Port of Chicago connects the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River via the Illinois River. As the "most average state", Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics, though the latter has not really been true since the early 1970s.
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Iowa () is a state located in the Midwestern United States, an area often referred to as the "American Heartland." It derives its name from the Ioway people, one of the many American Indian tribes that occupied the state at the time of European exploration. Iowa was a part of the French colony of New France. After the Louisiana Purchase, settlers laid the foundation for an agriculture-based economy in the heart of the Corn Belt. Iowa is often known as the "Food Capital of the World", however Iowa's economy, culture, and landscape are diverse. In the mid and late 20th century, Iowa's agricultural economy transitioned to a diversified economy of advanced manufacturing, processing, financial services, biotechnology, and green energy production. Iowa has been listed as one of the safest states in which to live. Des Moines is Iowa's capital and largest city.
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Kansas () is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. It is named after the Kansas River which flows through it, which in turn was named after the Kansa tribe, which inhabited the area. The tribe's name (natively kką:ze) is often said to mean "people of the wind" or "people of the south wind," although this was probably not the term's original meaning. Residents of Kansas are called "Kansans."
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Michigan () is a U.S. state located in the Great Lakes Region of the United States of America. The name Michigan is a French corruption of the Ojibwe word mishigama, meaning "large water" or "large lake".
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Minnesota () is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. The twelfth largest state of the U.S., it is the twenty-first most populous, with 5.27 million residents. Minnesota was carved out of the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory and admitted to the Union as the thirty-second state on May 11, 1858. Known as the "Land of 10,000 Lakes", the state's name comes from a Dakota word for "sky-tinted water". Those waters, together with forests, parks, and wilderness areas, offer residents and tourists a variety of outdoor recreational opportunities.
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Oklahoma () is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. With an estimated 3,687,050 residents in 2009 and a land area of 68,667 square miles (177,847 km²), Oklahoma is the 28th most populous and 20th-largest state. The state's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma, meaning "red people", and is known informally by its nickname, The Sooner State. Formed by the combination of Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory on November 16, 1907, Oklahoma was the 46th state to enter the union. Its residents are known as Oklahomans, and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City.
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Reserve is a city in Brown County, Kansas, United States. The population was 100 at the 2000 census.
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Sac City is a city in Sac County, Iowa, United States, situated in the rolling hills along the valley of the North Raccoon River, in one of America's prime agricultural regions. U.S. Route 20 bisects the city, forming its Main Street, and the city is one of 46 designated Main Street Iowa communities through the Main Street Iowa development program. The population was 2,368 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Sac County.
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Sac County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of 2000, the population was 11,529. Its county seat is Sac City.
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http://wn.com/Saginaw -
Saginaw Bay is a bay within Lake Huron located on the eastern side of the U.S. state of Michigan. It forms the space between Michigan's Thumb region and the rest of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. Saginaw Bay is in area. It is located in parts of five Michigan counties: Arenac, Bay, Huron, Iosco, and Tuscola.
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http://wn.com/Sauk_Centre_MN -
Sauk City is a village in Sauk County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 3,109 at the 2000 census. The first incorporated village in the state, the community was founded by Agoston Haraszthy and his business partner, Robert Bryant. The village is adjacent to Prairie du Sac; together, these twin villages are referred to as Sauk Prairie.
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http://wn.com/Sauk_Rapids_MN -
Stroud is a city in Creek and Lincoln counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The population was 2,758 at the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Stroud_Oklahoma -
Tama is a city in Tama County, Iowa, United States. The population was 2,731 at the 2000 census. Tama is located a few miles from the Meskwaki Settlement, Iowa's only significant Native American community. Tama was located on the historic Lincoln Highway and is home to an original Lincoln Highway bridge, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Tama is named for Taimah, the 19th century Meskwaki leader.
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http://wn.com/totem -
Wisconsin () is a U.S. state located in the north-central United States and is considered part of the Midwest. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Upper Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the north. Wisconsin's capital is Madison, and its largest city is Milwaukee. As of 2009 the state has an estimated 5.6 million residents. The state contains 72 counties.
http://wn.com/Wisconsin
- Anishinaabe
- aquatint
- Black Hawk (chief)
- Black Hawk War
- Black Indians
- Dixon, Illinois
- Do-Hum-Me
- Eastern Woodlands
- Edmund P. Gaines
- endonym
- English language
- exonym
- Fox Wars
- French language
- Illinois
- Iowa
- Iroquois
- Jim Thorpe
- Kansas
- Keokuk (Sauk chief)
- Kickapoo people
- Lake Osakis
- Mascouten
- Meskwaki
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Ojibwa
- Ojibwe language
- Oklahoma
- One Drop Rule
- Osakis, MN
- Ottawa (tribe)
- patrilineal
- Quashquame
- Reserve, Kansas
- Rock Falls, Illinois
- Sac and Fox Nation
- Sac City, Iowa
- Sac County, Iowa
- Sac Township, Iowa
- Saginaw
- Saginaw Bay
- Saginaw Trail
- Sauk
- Sauk Centre, MN
- Sauk City, Wisconsin
- Sauk Rapids, MN
- Sauk Trail
- Saukville, WI
- Sioux
- St. Lawrence River
- Sterling, Illinois
- Stroud, Oklahoma
- Tama, Iowa
- totem
- Wisconsin
- Wyandot people
The Sons of the Sauk Prairie
Releases by album:
Album releases
The First Crop
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Tumbling Tumble Weeds
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Legend in My Time
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The Cow Chip Throw!!!
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Day Is Done
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Weeping Willow
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Learning How to Yodel
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But, I Really Don't Want to Know
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Orange Blossom Special
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Leah
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San Antonio Rose
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Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain
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What's He Doing, in My World?
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Down Our Way
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
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:42
- Published: 16 Apr 2008
- Uploaded: 19 Nov 2011
- Author: 7089540230
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- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:54
- Published: 14 Jan 2010
- Uploaded: 09 Jul 2011
- Author: jlwilber123
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- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:47
- Published: 22 Jul 2010
- Uploaded: 04 Nov 2011
- Author: 7089540230
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
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 16:13
- Published: 06 Feb 2011
- Uploaded: 17 Feb 2011
- Author: 2000guitar
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
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:00
- Published: 31 May 2009
- Uploaded: 11 Aug 2010
- Author: kenaniahmwh

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- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:03
- Published: 10 Dec 2010
- Uploaded: 10 Dec 2010
- Author: Legalectric
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- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:26
- Published: 02 Apr 2008
- Uploaded: 27 Aug 2010
- Author: WIPublicTV

- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:03
- Published: 14 Dec 2010
- Uploaded: 04 Jul 2011
- Author: johnrschott

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- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:36
- Published: 22 Jun 2010
- Uploaded: 18 Sep 2011
- Author: bearlovesox
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- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:13
- Published: 04 Apr 2011
- Uploaded: 09 Apr 2011
- Author: kvandrew80
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- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:36
- Published: 28 Feb 2011
- Uploaded: 12 Jul 2011
- Author: ashesinoctober
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- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:25
- Published: 09 Dec 2010
- Uploaded: 09 Dec 2010
- Author: Legalectric
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Iran files complaint over purported US drone Al Jazeera
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Defense Authorization Act Will Destroy The Bill Of Rights WorldNews.com
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Before Voting, If Only Death Had Been Before Their Own Eyes WorldNews.com
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Israeli airstrikes hit Gaza civilians Sydney Morning Herald
- Algonquian languages
- Anishinaabe
- aquatint
- Black Hawk (chief)
- Black Hawk War
- Black Indians
- Dixon, Illinois
- Do-Hum-Me
- Eastern Woodlands
- Edmund P. Gaines
- endonym
- English language
- exonym
- Fox Wars
- French language
- Illinois
- Iowa
- Iroquois
- Jim Thorpe
- Kansas
- Keokuk (Sauk chief)
- Kickapoo people
- Lake Osakis
- Mascouten
- Meskwaki
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Ojibwa
- Ojibwe language
- Oklahoma
- One Drop Rule
- Osakis, MN
- Ottawa (tribe)
- patrilineal
- Quashquame
- Reserve, Kansas
- Rock Falls, Illinois
- Sac and Fox Nation
- Sac City, Iowa
- Sac County, Iowa
- Sac Township, Iowa
- Saginaw
- Saginaw Bay
- Saginaw Trail
- Sauk
- Sauk Centre, MN
- Sauk City, Wisconsin
- Sauk Rapids, MN
- Sauk Trail
- Saukville, WI
- Sioux
- St. Lawrence River
- Sterling, Illinois
- Stroud, Oklahoma
- Tama, Iowa
- totem
- Wisconsin
- Wyandot people
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The Sacs or Sauks are a group of Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands culture group. Their autonym is (oθaakiiwaki in their own language, and their exonym is Ozaagii(-wag) in Ojibwe. The latter is the source of their names in French and English.
Clan system
Originally, the Sauk had a patrilineal clan system, in which descent was traced through the father. Clans which continue are: Fish, Ocean/Sea, Thunder, Bear, Fox, Potato, Deer, Beaver, Snow, and Wolf. The tribe was governed by a council of sacred clan chiefs, a war chief, the head of families, and the warriors. Chiefs fell into three categories: civil, war, and ceremonial, but only the civil chief was hereditary. The other two chiefs were determined by demonstrating their ability or their spiritual power.This traditional manner of selecting historic clan chiefs and governance was replaced in the 19th century by United States appointees of the Sac and Fox Agency. In the 20th century, the tribe adopted a constitutional government patterned after the United States form. They elect their chiefs.
History
The Sac are believed to have had their original territory along the St. Lawrence River. They were driven by pressure from other tribes, especially the Iroquois, to migrate to Michigan, where they settled around Saginaw Bay. Due to the yellow-clay soils found around Saginaw Bay, their autonym was Oθaakiiwaki (often interpreted to mean "yellow-earth".) The Ojibwe and Ottawa name for the tribe (exonym) was Ozaagii, meaning "those at the outlet". From the sound of that, the French derived Sac and the English "Sauk". Anishinaabe expansion and the Huron attempt to gain regional stability drove the Sac out of their territory. The Huron were armed with French weapons. The Sac moved south to territory in parts of what are now northern Illinois and Wisconsin.A closely allied tribe, the Meskwaki (Fox), were noted for their hostility toward the French, having fought two wars against them in the early 18th century. After the second war, Fox refugees took shelter with the Sac, making them subject to French attack. The Sac continued moving west to Iowa and Kansas. Two important leaders arose among the Sac: Keokuk and Black Hawk. At first Keokuk accepted the loss of land as inevitable in the face of the vast numbers of white soldiers and settlers coming west. He tried to preserve tribal land and to keep the peace.
Having failed to receive expected supplies from the Americans on credit, Black Hawk wanted to fight, saying his people were "forced into war by being deceived." Led by Black Hawk in 1832, the mainly Sac band resisted the continued loss of lands (in western Illinois, this time.) Their warfare with United States forces resulted in defeat at the hands of General Edmund P. Gaines in the Blackhawk War.
About this time, one group of Sac moved into Missouri, and later to Kansas and Nebraska. In 1869 the larger group of Sac moved into reservations in Oklahoma, where they merged with the Meskwaki as the federally recognized Sac and Fox Nation. A smaller number returned to the Midwest from Oklahoma (or did not go) and became the Mesquakie tribe in Iowa (Meswaki Settlement, Iowa).
Today the federally recognized Sac and Fox tribes are:
Language
The Sac speak an Algonquian language, now called Sauk, which is a dialect of the same language spoken by the Meskwaki, and very closely related to that of the Kickapoo. Their language is now almost extinct. The now extinct Mascouten language was reportedly related to the Sauk language.
Geographical names
Lake Osakis in west-central Minnesota, the Sauk River, which flows from Lake Osakis, and the towns of Osakis, Sauk Centre, and Sauk Rapids all were named for association historically with a small party of Sac who made camp on the shores of Lake Osakis. They had been banished from their tribe for murder. According to Ojibwa oral tradition, these five Sac were killed by local Dakota in the late 18th century.Place names with "Sauk" references include:
Michigan: The name of Saginaw is believed to mean "where the Sauk were" in Ojibwe; Saginaw Trail is said to follow an ancient American Indian trail.
Notable people
Notes
See also
External links
Category:Algonquian peoples Category:Native American tribes in Iowa Category:Native American tribes in Kansas Category:Native American tribes in Nebraska Category:Native American history of Oklahoma Category:Black Hawk War Category:Native American tribes Category:Algonquian ethnonyms
de:Sauk fr:Sauks hr:Sac ja:ソーク族 pl:Saukowie ru:СаукиThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.