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![BUSTA RHYMES - LIVE at SPIRIT of Burgas 2012 [Make it clap/We will rock you]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121220191711im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/90ugP2Ah65w/default.jpg "The amazing Busta Rhymes and the best crowd @ SPIRIT of Burgas 2012.")
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Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire (/ækəˈmɛnɪˌdi/; Old Persian: Parsā, name of ruling dynasty: Haxāmanišiya) (c. 550–330 BCE), sometimes known as First Persian Empire, was an Iranian empire in Southwest Asia, founded in the 6th century BCE by Cyrus the Great who overthrew the Median confederation. It expanded to eventually rule over significant portions of the ancient world which at around 500 BCE stretched from the Indus Valley in the east, to Thrace and Macedon on the northeastern border of Greece making it the biggest empire the world had yet seen. The Achaemenid Empire would eventually control Egypt as well. It was ruled by a series of monarchs who unified its disparate tribes and nationalities by constructing a complex network of roads.
Calling themselves the Parsa after their original Aryan tribal name Parsua, Persians settled in a land which they named Parsua, bounded on the west by the Tigris River and on the south by the Persian Gulf. This became their heartland for the duration of the Achaemenid Empire. It was from this region that eventually Cyrus the Great (Cyrus II of Persia) would advance to defeat the Median, the Lydian, and the Babylonian Empires, opening the way for subsequent conquests into Egypt and Asia minor.
wn.com/Achaemenid_Empire -
Aheloy
Aheloy (Bulgarian: Ахелой) is a town and seaside resort in Burgas Province, eastern Bulgaria. As of 2006[update] it has 2,175 inhabitants. It is situated on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast between the major port of Burgas to the north and the bustling tourist centres Nessebur (Bulg.: Несебър), Slunchev Bryag (Bulg.: Слънчев бряг) and Sveti Vlas (Bulg.: Свети Влас) to the south.
One of the bloodiest battles in the Middle Ages took place near the town in 917 when the Bulgarian Emperor Simeon I delivered a devastating blow to the Byzantine army. More than 90,000 men perished in the battle, 70,000 of whom were Byzantines. In the decades following the Battle of Anchialus the Bulgarian Empire entered a period of upheaval and relished a territorial extent, covering most of the Balkan peninsula.
The river Aheloy flows into the Black Sea south of the town.
Aheloy was officially proclaimed a town in 2009 with a decision by the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria.
Coordinates: 42°38′56″N 27°38′53″E / 42.6488888989°N 27.6480555656°E / 42.6488888989; 27.6480555656
wn.com/Aheloy -
Ahtopol
Ahtopol (Bulgarian: Ахтопол, Greek: Αγαθόπολις, Agathopolis) is a town and seaside resort on the southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. It is located on a headland in the southeastern part of Burgas Province and is close to the border with European Turkey. It is the southernmost town on the Bulgarian coast.
The town lies on the site of an ancient Thracian settlement, with the earliest traces of human settlement dating to the Neolithic. It was probably colonized by the Ancient Greeks around 430 BC. The Romans called it Peronticus, while the Byzantine leader Agathon reconstructed the town after barbarian invasions and possibly gave it his own name, Agathopolis. According to other sources, it was named thus as early as 323 BC.
In the Middle Ages, the town frequently changed hands between the Byzantine Empire and the Bulgarian Empire. Medieval sources mention Ahtopol as a lively merchant port where many Byzantine, Italian and other ships arrived. With the invasion of the Ottoman troops at the end of the 14th century, the town was called Ahtenbolu. The town ultimately fell under Ottoman rule as late as 1453. An Ottoman tax register of 1498 lists 158 Christian families in Ahtopol, most of which have Greek names but others evidently Slavic (Bulgarian). In 1898, Ahtopol was a town of 410 houses, of which 300 Greek and 110 Bulgarian. In the 19th century, it was still a thriving centre of fishery and overseas trade, with many locals owning their own ships and selling goods all around the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. Viticulture was also well-developed.
wn.com/Ahtopol -
Aksakovo
Aksakovo (Bulgarian: Аксаково) is a town in Varna Province, Northeastern Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Aksakovo Municipality. The town is located on the Franga Plateau three kilometres northwest of the city of Varna. As of December 2009, it has a population of 7,897 inhabitants.
Aksakovo was declared a town on 27 May 2004. As a village, it was first mentioned in the late 17th century.
Aksakovo municipality includes the following 23 places:
wn.com/Aksakovo -
Albena
Albena (Bulgarian: Албена) is a major Black Sea resort in northeastern Bulgaria, situated 12 km from Balchik and 30 km from Varna. Albena is served by the international airport of Varna.
Albena is one of the purpose-built resorts on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast and has a uniform and unique architectural style. Many of the hotels are situated on the beach itself, exposed to maximum sunlight and providing direct access to the beach and sea. Albena is located close to other tourist, cultural and commercial centres and in the same time remains within well-preserved natural surroundings. Although it was built on an empty ground in the 1960s, now this is in fact a small resort town with its own downtown, streets, squares and even internal public transport — dedicated little "trains" circulate on schedule along their routes within the resort.
The resort is remarkable for its 5-km long, 150 m wide beach with very fine and clean sand; the sea water is usually crystal clear, calm and warm. Sea depth does not exceed 1.6 metres at a distance up to 100–150 metres from the beach. Visitors can choose from one of the 43 modern hotels (two to four stars) offering more than 20 000 beds and many amenities. Most of the hotels have swimming pools.
wn.com/Albena -
Alfatar
Alfatar (Bulgarian: Алфатар) is a town in Silistra Province, Northeastern Bulgaria, located in 18 km (11 mi) to the south of the town of Silistra. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Alfatar Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 1,714 inhabitants.
The Alfatar Peninsula on Robert Island, South Shetland Islands is named after Alfatar.
wn.com/Alfatar -
Antarctica
Antarctica
This map uses an orthographic projection, near-polar aspect. The South Pole is near the center, where longitudinal lines converge.
Antarctica (
i/æntˈɑrtɨkə/ or /ænˈtɑːktɨkə/) is Earth's southernmost continent, containing the geographic South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14.0 million km2 (5.4 million sq mi), it is the fifth-largest continent in area after Asia, Africa, North America, and South America. For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages at least 1 mile (1.6 km) in thickness.
Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 inches) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89 °C (−129 °F). There are no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent. Only cold-adapted organisms survive there, including many types of algae, animals (for example mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades), bacteria, fungi, plants, and protista. Vegetation where it occurs is tundra.
wn.com/Antarctica -
Antonovo
Antonovo (Bulgarian: Антоново) is a town in the Targovishte Province of northeastern Bulgaria. It is the administrative center of the homonymous Antonovo Municipality. Antonovo sits in the Slannik low level mountain area close to the border of the Veliko Tarnovo Province. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 1,453 inhabitants.
The local economy in Antonovo and the surrounding villages centres around agriculture although there is an unemployment rate of 52.12% in the region. This does sound very low but does not take in to account that the main age group living in Antonovo is sixty five years and older.
The municipality for the region has created a development strategy for the economy that centres around infrastructure, agriculture and tourism to increase the areas potential and reduce the unemployment in the younger age range of residence.
wn.com/Antonovo -
Apriltsi
Apriltsi (Bulgarian: Априлци) is a small town in Lovech Province, Central-North Bulgaria, located in the vicinity of the highest part of Stara Planina mountain. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Apriltsi Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 3,207 inhabitants.
Due to its favourable location in a valley at the foot of Botev Peak in the Balkan Mountains, Apriltsi is a newly developing tourist resort in the region. Besides Botev, notable peaks in the area are Triglav and Maragidik.
The town was founded by the merging of four large mountain villages: Novo Selo, Zla Reka, Vidima and Ostrets, which are today the town's neighbourhoods. Due to this, it has a rather rural appearance with some 19th-century Bulgarian houses preserved.
wn.com/Apriltsi -
Ardino
Ardino (Bulgarian: Ардино, formerly Turkish: Eğridere) is a town in Southern Bulgaria, in the Rhodope Mountains. It is located in Kurdzhali oblast and is close to the town of Madan. It is famous for its textile industry. It has a machine-building factory and a tobacco manufacturing industry. Tourist attractions include the Eagle rocks and the Dyavolski most (Devil's bridge). She was a kaza centre in Gümülcine sanjak in Edirne vilayet as Eğridere before Balkan Wars during Ottoman rule. She took present name in 1934 and was declared as a town in 1960. It was birth place of Sabahattin Ali, was Turkish novelist, poet and journalist.
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Asenovgrad
Asenovgrad (Bulgarian: Асеновград, Greek: Στενήμαχος) is a town in central southern Bulgaria, part of Plovdiv Province.
Asenovgrad was founded by the Thracians as Stenímachos around 300–400 BC. In 72 BC the city was captured by the troops of the Roman Empire as part of the Roman expansion towards the Black Sea. After a long period of peace, the town was destroyed by the Goths in 251, but rebuilt later. In 395 the Roman Empire was divided into two parts and the city fell under Byzantine control. Afterwards, the Slavic tribes flooded the region (until around 700 AD) and became the majority of the population. During this time the city was known by its Thracian name Stenímachos.
During the wars between the Bulgarian Empire and the Byzantine Empire, the city became a major military stronghold for the Bulgarian rulers. Due to aggravation of the relationships with the Latin Empire, in 1230 Bulgarian Tsar Ivan Asen II strengthened the local fortress Stanimaha and for this reason the city was named after him in 1934 (literally city of Asen). After Bulgaria was occupied by the Ottoman Empire, Roma and Turks settled in Stanimaha, who nowadays make up 15% of the municipality of Asenovgrad's population (Asenovgrad, in addition to 29 villages), the rest 75% being ethnic Bulgarians and 5% – unknown and others.
wn.com/Asenovgrad -
Balchik
Balchik (Bulgarian: Балчик) is a Black Sea coastal town and seaside resort in the Southern Dobruja area of northeastern Bulgaria. It is located in Dobrich Oblast and is 42 km northeast of Varna. The town sprawls scenically along hilly terraces descending from the Dobruja plateau to the sea.
Founded as a Thracian settlement, it was later colonised by the Ionian ancient Greeks with the name Krounoi (renamed as Dionysopolis, after the discovery of a statue of Dionysus in the sea). Later became a Greek-Byzantine and Bulgarian fortress. Under the Ottoman Empire, the town came to be known with its present name, which perhaps derived from a Gagauz word meaning "small town". Another opinion is that its actual name derived from Balik's name.
After the liberation of Bulgaria in 1878, Balchik developed as centre of a rich agricultural region, wheat-exporting port, and district (okoliya) town, and later, as a major tourist destination with the beachfront resort of Albena to its south. The ethnic composition gradually changed from mostly Gagauz and Tatar/Turkish to predominantly Bulgarian. According to an estimate by Bulgarian historian Rayna Gavrilova the Bulgarian population before 1878 was only around 10%. Currently the municipality (the town plus 22 villages) is 69.2% Bulgarian, 16.2% Turkish minority and 12.3% Romani. An Ottoman mosque remains to serve the Muslim minority.
wn.com/Balchik -
Balgarovo
Balgarovo (Bulgarian: Българово) is a small town in southeastern Bulgaria. It is located in Burgas oblast and is close to the town of Kameno.
wn.com/Balgarovo -
Bankya
Bankya (Bulgarian: Банкя) is an upscale town and district in western Bulgaria. It is administratively part of greater Sofia.
The district is famous for the mineral springs and baths that have been used for medicinal purposes for hundreds of years. Prime Minister of Bulgaria Boyko Borisov is a native. In 1969 the village of Bankya was proclaimed a town, and in 1979 it became part of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria.
Bankya is 10 km west of the city of Sofia. It is situated at the foot of Lyulin mountain at an average altitude of around 630–750 meters. The first people to populate the region of Bankya were Thracian tribes, over 2500 years ago. Archaeological excavations near the quarter of Ivanyane have unearthed remains of Ancient Roman buildings, walls and sewers, and bronze bracelets from the 4th–5th century. Bankya's economy depends mainly on tourism and balneological treatment.
Bankya was first mentioned as Bankya in the 15th century. The former villages of Verdikal, Gradoman and Mihaylovo are part of the town itself, while Ivanyane and Klisura are part of the municipality. Bankya's name stems from the common noun bankya, "hot spring", a diminutive of banya ("baths").
wn.com/Bankya -
Bansko
Bansko (Bulgarian: Банско) is a town in southwestern Bulgaria, located at the foot of the Pirin Mountains at an elevation of 925 m above sea level. It is a popular ski resort for both European and Bulgarian tourists.
There are several legends about who founded Bansko. According to one of them, Bansko was founded by people who lived in Dobarsko, a village in Rila, itself according to a legend founded by the blinded army of Tsar Samuil. Another legend claims that Bansko was founded by an Italian painter by the name of Ciociolino, hence the existence of the name Chucholin in Bansko.
Still according to another version it was a Slavic tribe called the Peruns, who lived in Pirin and worshiped Perun, that founded the village later to become a town. There are a number of ethnographic texts, legends, prayers and oratories, which lend credence to this legend.[citation needed][specify]
The archeological traces of the inhabitants of Bansko and the Razlog Valley in general date to the early periods of the Roman Empire. There are several housing structures at the outskirts of the town, which date to 100 BC. However, there is no consensus nor credible theory on who these people were.
wn.com/Bansko -
Batak, Bulgaria
Batak (Bulgarian: Батак) is a town in Pazardzhik Province, Southern Bulgaria, not far from the town of Peshtera. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Batak Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 3,498 inhabitants.
Batak is situated in the northwestern slopes of the Rhodope Mountains, at 1036 m above sea level. It is surrounded by many peaks, clad with century-old pine and spruce forests. The climate is temperate continental with a characteristic southern warm wind. Batak was pronounced town in 1964 and has a population of 4,019 people. Batak is a centre of one of Bulgaria's largest municipalities by terms of territory - 667 km2 or 15% of the Pazardzhik Province area - as well as one of the most sparsely populated ones including only the town itself and two villages - Fotinovo and Nova Mahala. Ninety percent of the municipal area is covered with thick forests.
Batak is situated at 15 km to the south of Peshtera and 33 km to the south of the regional centre Pazardzhik. The nearest railway station is in Peshtera.
wn.com/Batak,_Bulgaria -
Batanovtsi
Batanovtsi (Bulgarian: Батановци, pronounced [ˈbatənuftsi]) is a town in western Bulgaria. It is located in Pernik Province and is close to the towns of Radomir and Pernik. The town's name was first attested in a 1564 Bulgarian text: ВИШЄ СЄЛА БАТЄНОВЦИ БЛИЗЬ РЄЦЄ СТРОУМЄ, and several other sources from the 1560s. It is derived from the personal name Batan, probably of Pecheneg or Cuman origin. From 1950 to 1992 it was known as Temelkovo; it was proclaimed a town in 1974.
wn.com/Batanovtsi -
Battle of Rusokastro
Coordinates: 42°28′01″N 27°12′06″E / 42.46694°N 27.20167°E / 42.46694; 27.20167
The Battle of Rusokastro (Bulgarian: Битка при Русокастро, Greek: Μάχη του Ρουσόκαστρου) occurred on July 18, 1332 near the village of Rusokastro, Bulgaria between the armies of the Bulgarian and Byzantine Empires. The result was a Bulgarian victory.
In 1328, the emperors of Bulgaria and Byzantium, Michael Asen III and Andronikos III Palaiologos, signed a secret treaty against Serbia. While Michael Asen III was fighting against the Serbs in 1330, the Byzantines invaded Thrace and captured the Bulgarian towns there. Following the defeat of Bulgaria in the Battle of Velbazhd the Byzantines got a firm foothold there.
The Byzantines were not ready for war. Their Empire was rent with civil unrest and the army was fighting against the Turks in Asia Minor. In the Bulgarian Empire, there were internecine struggles as well but the new Emperor Ivan Alexander knew that the decisive confrontation with Byzantium was yet to come and decided to improve his relations with the Serbs. In 1332, he concluded a peace treaty with them which lasted till his death. The treaty was secured with a marriage between the Serb king Stefan Dushan and the sister of the Emperor, Elena. In the summer of the same year, the Byzantines gathered an army and without a declaration of war headed towards Bulgaria, looting and plundering the villages on their way. The Byzantines seized several castles because Ivan Alexander's attention was focused towards fighting the rebellion of his uncle Belaur in Vidin. He tried to negotiate with the enemy but ultimately failed. The Emperor decided to act swiftly during the course of five days whereby his cavalry covered 230 km to reach Aitos and face the invaders.
wn.com/Battle_of_Rusokastro -
Battle of Skafida
Coordinates: 42°23′01″N 27°38′48″E / 42.38361°N 27.64667°E / 42.38361; 27.64667
The Battle of Skafida (Bulgarian: Битка при Скафида) occurred in 1304 near Poros (Burgas), Bulgaria. As a result the Bulgarian Empire overcame the crisis from the end of the 13th century, achieved internal stability and regained most of Thrace. For a time afterwards, Byzantium wasn't a serious threat to it.
When Theodore Svetoslav was crowned Emperor of Bulgaria in 1300, he sought revenge for the Tatar attacks on the state in the previous 20 years. The traitors were punished first, including Patriarch Joakim III, who was found guilty of helping the enemies of the crown. Then the tsar turned to Byzantium, which had inspired the Tatar invasions and had managed to conquer many Bulgarian fortresses in Thrace. In 1303 his army marched southwards and regained many towns. In the following year the Byzantines counter-attacked and the two armies met near the Skafida river.
The Byzantines had an advantage in the beginning and managed to push the Bulgarians across the river. They were so infatuated with the chase of the retreating soldiers that they crowded on the bridge, which had been sabotaged before the battle by the Bulgarians, and broke down. The river was very deep at that place and many Byzantine soldiers panicked and drowned, which helped the Bulgarians snatch victory.
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Batumi
Batumi (Georgian: ბათუმი) is a seaside city on the Black Sea coast and capital of Adjara, an autonomous republic in southwest Georgia. Sometimes considered Georgia's second capital, with a population of 180,000 (2008 census), Batumi serves as an important port and a commercial center. It is situated in a subtropical zone, rich in agricultural produce such as citrus fruit and tea. While industries of the city include shipbuilding, food processing, and light manufacturing, most of its economy revolves around tourism.
Batumi is located on the site of the ancient Greek colony in Colchis called Bathus or Bathys – derived from the Greek phrase bathus limen or bathys limin meaning "deep harbour". Under Hadrian (r. 117–138 AD), it was converted into a fortified Roman port later deserted for the fortress of Petra founded in the times of Justinian I (r. 527–565). Garrisoned by the Roman-Byzantine forces, it was formally a possession of the kingdom of Lazica until being occupied briefly by the Arabs who did not hold it; in the 9th century it formed part of the Bagratid monarchy of Tao-Klarjeti and at the close of the 10th century of the unified kingdom of Georgia which succeeded it.
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Beglik Tash
Beglik Tash is a Thracian rock sanctuary situated on the southern Black Sea coast of Bulgaria, a few kilometers north of the city of Primorsko.
Beglik Tash is a natural phenomenon of huge megaliths arranged and carved by a Thracian tribe and later used for religious ceremonies. It is part of a wider surrounding area and a natural rock formation of huge monolithic blocks of volcanic origin, and were formed of hardened magma that erupted from a volcano active during the Mesozoic era. Currently, an open-air museum is maintained by the Burgas Historical Society. Most of the megaliths have traces of carvings for the purposes of Thracian rituals. There are also the remains of a labyrinth that visitors can pass through. A Thracian sun clock is formed from huge stones. There also is a enormously big rock, standing on only two points and a cave, resembling a woman's lap.
Coordinates: 42°18′42″N 27°46′1″E / 42.31167°N 27.76694°E / 42.31167; 27.76694
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Belarus
Belarus (
i/bɛləˈruːs/ bel-ə-ROOSS; Belarusian: Беларусь, Russian pronunciation: [bʲɛlaˈrusʲ] Russian: Беларусь, Белоруссия, Belarus', Belorussiya), officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno (Hrodna), Gomel (Homiel), Mogilev (Mahilyow) and Vitebsk (Vitsebsk). Over forty percent of its 207,600 square kilometres (80,200 sq mi) is forested, and its strongest economic sectors are agriculture and manufacturing.
Until the 20th century, the lands of modern-day Belarus belonged to several countries, including the Principality of Polotsk, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire. In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution, Belarus became a founding constituent republic of the Soviet Union and was renamed as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR). The borders of Belarus took their modern shape in 1939 when some lands of the Second Polish Republic were incorporated into it after the Soviet invasion of Poland. The nation and its territory were devastated in World War II, during which Belarus lost about a third of its population and more than half of its economic resources. The republic was redeveloped in the post-war years. In 1945 the Belorussian SSR became a founding member of the United Nations, along with the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR.
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Belene
Belene (Bulgarian: Белене) is a town in Pleven Province, Northern Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Belene Municipality. The town is situated on the right bank of the Danube river, close to the town of Svishtov. As of December 2009, it has a population of 8,905 inhabitants.
Belene was proclaimed a town in 1964, which is celebrated every year in the first week of September with a market and cultural events.
The place is best known for the Belene prison (formerly a concentration camp) on Belene Island where thousands of innocent Bulgarians found their death during the communist dictature, and as the proposed site of Bulgaria's second nuclear power plant, which has been under construction 7 km east of the town until it was interrupted in 1990 due to the severe economic crisis that followed the fall of communism in the country. There are plans to start construction again as a replacement for reactors 3 and 4 at Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant, which Bulgaria has shut down as a condition for EU membership. The total capacity of the two reactors will be 2,000 MW.
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Belgium
Belgium (i/ˈbɛldʒəm/ BEL-jəm), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of 30,528 square kilometres (11,787 sq mi), and it has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups, the Dutch-speakers, mostly Flemish (about 60%), and the French-speakers, mostly Walloons (about 40%), plus a small group of German-speakers. Belgium's two largest regions are the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia. The Brussels-Capital Region, officially bilingual, is a mostly French-speaking enclave within the Flemish Region. A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in the political history and a complex system of government.
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Belitsa
Coordinates: 41°57′25″N 23°34′21″E / 41.95694°N 23.5725°E / 41.95694; 23.5725
Belitsa (Bulgarian: Белица) is a town (град) in southwestern Bulgaria, located in the Belitsa Municipality (община Белица) of the Blagoevgrad oblast (област Благоевград).
Belitsa Peninsula on Graham Land in Antarctica is named after Belitsa.
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Belogradchik
Belogradchik (Bulgarian: Белоградчик) is a town in Vidin Province, Northwestern Bulgaria, the administrative centre of the homonymous Belogradchik Municipality. The town, whose name literally means "small white town," is situated in the foothills of the Balkan Mountains just east of the Serbian border and about 50 km south of the Danube River. The town is famous for its unique and impressive rock formations, the Belogradchik Rocks, which cover an area of 90 square kilometers and reach up to 200 meters in height. As of December 2009, it has a population of 5,334 inhabitants.
The town is a popular tourist destination. Important landmarks are the medieval Belogradchik Fortress and the Belogradchik Rocks.
Another tourist attractions in the area are the nearby Magura Cave, famous for its beautiful prehistoric cave paintings, and the Baba Vida medieval fortress in the nearby town of Vidin on the Danube river.
Belogradchik Rocks
Belogradchik Fortress
View of the town
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Beloslav
Beloslav (Bulgarian: Белослав) is a small industrial town in Varna Province, Northeastern Bulgaria, located 19 km away to the west from Varna downtown and Bulgarian Black Sea coast. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Beloslav Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 7,937 inhabitants. Beloslav is located along the eastern edge of Lake Beloslav and on both sides of the canal connecting it with Lake Varna. The two parts of town are connected by a vehicle and passenger ferry across the canal. A road bridge is to be built in the near future over the canal east of town carrying a bypass of the E87 international highway now passing through downtown Varna via the Asparuhov most bridge.
Beloslav is an ancient settlement populated probably about 12,000[citation needed] years ago. The first settlers inhabited the cave near today's town, where 12,000-year-old items were found. Around the 5th century BC the Thracians settled in the region. The town was also known as Krushevo, Gebedzhe (Turkish: Gebece), Belovo, and Belevo. The Ottoman name is still used today in certain situations.
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Belovo, Bulgaria
Belovo (Bulgarian Белово) is a town in South West Bulgaria. It is located in Pazardzhik Province, where the Yadenitza flows into the Maritza river, at the foot of three mountain ranges (Rila, Rhodopes and Sredna Gora), on the western end of the Thracian Plain. Owing to the confluence of the three mountain ranges, the municipality of Belovo has a diverse landscape, with many forests and water resources in the area.
Belovo municipality was created in 1978, and covers 8 settlements, an area of 339 km2 and 10 thousand residents. Belovo town as a municipal center is surrounded by the villages of Akandzhievo, Gabrovitsa, Golyamo Belovo, Dabravite, Menekyovo, Momina Klisura and Sestrimo.
Belovo Municipality is a tourism and resort micro-region. The facilities Livada Bachia, Chaira, Dolni Undol (Yadenitsa), Belmeken Dam Lake, the Belmeken sports facility, Toplata Voda and Kourtovo are sites offering wonderful opportunities for recreation and tourism.
With the construction of the railway line Istanbul — Belovo by Baron Hirsch's company in 1873, Belovo become the most important center of wood and wood processing in the Balkans during the 18th century. Today the international road and the railway from West Europe through Belgrade and Sofia to Istanbul are passing through the town. The Belovo paper mill produces toilet paper and other disposable paper products.
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Berkovitsa
Berkovitsa (Bulgarian: Берковица) is a town and ski resort in northwestern Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Berkovitsa Municipality, Montana Province and is close to the town of Varshets. As of December 2009, it has a population of 13,917 inhabitants.
Berkovitsa is situated on the northern slope of Kom Peak of the Berkovska Stara Planina Mountain along the valley of the Berkovitsa River, which is a tributary to the Barziya River, at an altitude above sea level 405 m. The town was mentioned for the first time in Ottoman documents of 1488 (see Nicoara Beldiceanu, Les actes des premiers sultans conservés dans les manuscrits Turcs de la Bibliothèque Nationale a Paris, II, Paris, La Haye, 1964, p. 218, nota 2). It is the successor of an old fortified settlement on the way from Sofia to Lom.
The remains of a fortress and a church were discovered at the Kaleto elevation west of the town. The settlement was known as early as the reign of King Kaloyan, and was mentioned as a border settlement in the period of the Vidin Kingdom.
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Blagoevgrad
Blagoevgrad (Bulgarian: Благоевград) is а city in southwestern Bulgaria, the administrative centre of Blagoevgrad Province, with a population of 70,881 inhabitants (as of 2011[update]). It lies on the banks of the Blagoevgradska Bistritsa River.
The city is the economic and cultural centre of southwestern Bulgaria. It is located in the valley of the Struma River at the foot of the Rila and Pirin Mountains, 101 km south of Sofia, close to the Greek, Serbian and Republic of Macedonia borders. Blagoevgrad features a pedestrian downtown with preserved 19th century architecture and numerous restaurants, cafes, coffee shops, and boutiques.
Blagoevgrad is home to two universities, the South-West University "Neofit Rilski" and the American University in Bulgaria. The city hosts also the "Sts. Cyril and Methodius National Humanitarian High School", the former Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki moved from Thessaloniki to Blagoevgrad (then Gorna Dzhumaya) in 1913. Attractions in the surrounding area include the resort Bodrost.
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Boboshevo
Boboshevo (Bulgarian: Бобошево) is a town in Western Bulgaria. It is located in Kyustendil Province and is close to the towns of Kocherinovo and Rila.
The town of Boboshevo is situated around 75 km (47 mi) to the south of Sofia and 65 km (40 mi) from Bulgaria's prime skiing destination, Bansko. Approximately 4 km away from Boboshevo is the main road that connects Sofia with the Greek border.
Boboshevo lies in the lowest part of the southwestern ridge of the Rila Mountains, in the fertile valley of the Struma River (where it meets with the German River). Thanks to its favourable location and mild climate, the area of Boboshevo has been populated since antiquity.
The Boboshevo region is known also as the 'Bulgarian Jerusalem' along with the region of Ohrid due to its role of a cultural centre during the 15th to the 17th century. The region is rich in churches and monasteries, most of which date back to that period.
The most famous of these is the St Dimitar Monastery, which lies in the lower eastern part of the Ruen Mountain. It is an extremely precious representative of medieval architecture, possessing the highest value — a monument of national importance — according to the Bulgarian criteria of listing. The church (as it now stands) was constructed during the last quarter of the 15th century. It has one nave, one round apse, and is covered by a semi-spheric vault. The wall paintings cover both the walls and the ceiling entirely, as well as the western façade. They are dated to 1488 and are extremely valuable, which goes beyond national cultural boundaries and provokes the interest of many Balkan researchers, tourists and pilgrims.
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Bobov Dol
Bobov Dol (Bulgarian: Бобов дол; also Bobovdol, Бобовдол) is a town in southwestern Bulgaria, part of Kyustendil Province. Bovov Dol lies near the geographic centre of the Balkan Peninsula and is known for its coal mines and thermal power plant. The third-largest town in the province (after Kyustendil and Dupnitsa), it is the administrative centre of Bobov Dol municipality.
Located in a mountainous region, it is surrounded on three sides by the mountain Konyavska Planina, with the Gologlavski Rid ridge to the north and east and the volcano-resembling peak of Kolosh to the west. To the south is the Razmetanitsa plain which reaches the valley of the Struma River. The town's name (literally "bean valley") may allude to the bean-shaped valley where the original village, now the Hristo Botev neighbourhood, is located; the name was first mentioned in 1576. To the east is the other town part of Bobov Dol, the newer Minyor neighbourhood in the Bankovitsa area which dates to 1954 and mostly consists of tower blocks.
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Bolata
Bolata (Bulgarian: Болата) is a small cove located in the Northern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. Its area has a statute of a Nature reserve.
Bolata cove is located at the northern rocky coastline of the Bulgarian seaside. It is 3 km to the north of the Kaliakra headland. The nearest settlements are Bulgarevo village in about 5 km distance and the town of Kavarna in 13 km to the west.
The place represents a small cove with a perfect semi-circular shape, featuring a beautiful sandy beach. All this is between a brick-colored high cliffs at the end of a rocky canyon. There is a very small river flowing into the sea.
This is the only approachable place where the sea can be reached for kilometers of cliffs spread out northwards and southwards.
In the caves around are found remnants of an ancient settlement dated as far back as 4th century B.C. In the area of Bolata was also found a Maltese cross which testify to the foreign trade relation of the Second Bulgarian Empire with the Republic of Venice and Genoa.
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Bolyarovo
Bolyarovo (Bulgarian: Болярово) is a small town in Yambol Province, located not far from the border with Turkey. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Bolyarovo Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 1,303 inhabitants.
During the Ottoman rule it was called Paşaköy.
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Borovo, Bulgaria
Borovo (Bulgarian: Борово) is a town in Ruse Province, Northern Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Borovo Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 2,330 inhabitants.
The name Borovo comes from the Bulgarian word ‘Bor’ which means ‘pine’ (Bulgarian: Бор). The municipality has a temperate climate, with warm summers and cold winters.
Unique objects from a Thracian silver treasure (known as the Borovo Treasure) and a Thracian tomb of c. 4 BC have been discovered on the town's territory. There are evidences of the presence of an old Roman road discovered between the villages of Batin and Gorno Ablanovo near Borovo.
Khristo Markov, who became an Olympic champion in triple jump in 1988, was born in Borovo. Borovo is home to the football/soccer club Vihur (Bulgarian: Вихър) (Hurricane), which competes yearly in the Rousse region. The club is over 50 years old. The traditional work of the municipality has centered on the textile industry - there are several big factories manufacturing socks, tights and textile wear.
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Botevgrad
Botevgrad (Bulgarian: Ботевград; pre-1934 Orhanie (Орхание); pre-1866: Samundzhievo (Самунджиево)), is a town in western Bulgaria. It is located in Sofia Province and is close to Pravets. Botevgrad is situated at a 47-km-distance from Sofia.
Botevgrad and its hinterland are located in an elliptical valley with a total area of 5,066 km². The municipality covers parts of the Western Stara Planina mountain — Razhana, Murgash, Bilo and Golyama Planina and some parts of the Northern Balkan. Vitinya Pass connecting Northern Bulgaria with Southern Bulgaria and the proximity of the capital contribute to its strategic location. Botevgrad municipality borders the following municipalities: Pravets, Etropole, Gorna Malina, Elin Pelin, Svoge, Mezdra and Roman.
The region of Botevgrad municipality is quite rich in natural resources. The relief is remarkable for its variety. The municipality covers the following geographic parts: a part of Botevgradska Kotlovina (the valley of Botevgrad), some parts of Botevgradski Predbalkan and four of the Balkan shoulders — Razhana, Golyama Planina, Murgash and Bilo. Kotlovinata Zhleba (Fillet Hollow) is situated between the main Balkan Range and the Northern Balkan.
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Boychinovtsi
Boychinovtsi (Bulgarian: Бойчиновци, also transliterated as Boichinovtsi, Boichovci, Boychonovci or Boychinovtzi) is a town (град) in northwestern Bulgaria, the administrative centre of Boychinovtsi Municipality (Община Бойчиновци), Montana Province (Област Монтана). It is near the city of Montana. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 1,648 inhabitants.
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Bozhurets
Bozhurets (Bulgarian: Божурец) is a coastal village and seaside resort on the north Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, part of Dobrich Province. It is located between the sea towns Balchik and Kavarna, with a distance of 56 km to Varna International Airport.
The flat landscape ends with a dramatic cliff with a stunning sea view. The seashore is quite rocky, but there are several beautiful coves with sandy beaches. The nearby town Kavarna is a quickly developing tourist centre, but the prices are still cheaper than other places on the Bulgarian Seaside.
The distance from the village to the Gary Player PGA Championship Golf Course is only 2 km which is one of the biggest projects on the Black Sea Coast called "Thracian Cliffs". It will include a four star hotel, villa complex, luxury apartments and a marina. A second Gary Player Golf Resort is being built just 3 km away, while 8 km away, a third golf course designed by Ian Woosnam is also under construction.
Coordinates: 43°29′N 28°35′E / 43.483°N 28.583°E / 43.483; 28.583
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Bozhurishte
Coordinates: 42°45′45″N 23°11′59″E / 42.7625°N 23.19972°E / 42.7625; 23.19972
Bozhurishte (Bulgarian: Божурище) is a town in western Bulgaria. It is the administrative center of Bozhurishte Municipality in Sofia Province; close to Kostinbrod and the capital Sofia. The old airport of Sofia, now a military one, is near the town. Bozhurishte was first mentioned in 1750. Its name is derived from the flower peony (божур, bojur).
TEREM, a former weapons manufacturer owned by the government and recently sold to private investors operates from Bozhurishte. Logistics Park Bozhurishte is also part of the city economy and stands as the only large logistics, strategic storage and light industrial project in the small city.
Church
Chitalishte (local cultural centre)
official website - http://bozhurishte.bg/ website - http://bojur.net LPB website - http://lpb.bg
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Bratsigovo
Bratsigovo (Bulgarian: Брацигово) is a town in Southern Bulgaria. It is located in the foothills of the Rhodope Mountains, on the banks of the Umishka River in Pazardzhik oblast, and is close to the towns of Peshtera and Krichim.
Bratsigovo Hills on Trinity Peninsula in Antarctica are named after the town.
Archeological evidence has shown that the area was inhabited by Thracians and later Slavs.
Historical records show the township was established at some point in the 16th-17th century, built over the ruins of an earlier settlement. The founders of the new town were Bulgarian emigrants from the western part of Aegean Macedonia, from the vicinity of Kostur.
The population of Bratsigovo took an active part in the April Uprising of 1876.
In 1950 Bratsigovo had a population of 3,364. (Source=Columbia-Lippincott Gazetteer)
Web page: http://www.bratsigovo.bg/
The town is developing as a balneological center, too. There is a cold mineral water spring (18-26 C) with the flow rate of 120 liters per minute at the distance of 500 metres west of it. There is a balneo-sanatorium built up here. The mineral water treats some skin diseases, the nervous system, kidney related diseases and others. There is a nice park and a country-houses zone around it.
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Bregovo
Bregovo (Bulgarian: Брегово) is a town in the very northwest of Bulgaria, situated on the east bank of the Timok River close to its mouth. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Bregovo Municipality, Vidin Province. The town is located close to the city of Vidin near the national border crossings with Serbia and Romania. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 2,592 inhabitants.
The name of the town was first attested in writing in 1560 in an Ottoman register. It is derived from breg, meaning "shore" (in this case, the Timok shore), while -ovo is a common Slavic suffix indicating a placename. A secular school was built in 1864, a post office followed in 1879, and a custom house emerged in Bregovo in 1895. A community centre (chitalishte) was in its turn opened on 26 December 1897.
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Breznik
Breznik (Bulgarian: Брезник) is a town in western Bulgaria, 50 km away from Sofia. It is located in Pernik Province and is close to the towns of Bankya and Pernik. It has 4,500 inhabitants. Villages in the municipality include Dushintsi.
Breznik was first mentioned in the 11th-century Story of Isaiah and Bulgarian Apocryphal Chronicle as БР(Ѣ)ЗНИКЪ; it was already a city by then. The town was mentioned throughout the 15th-19th centuries, attesting its continuous existence. Its name is derived from the Bulgarian word breznik, referring to a birch forest, from the word for birch, бреза (breza). It is cognate to the Czech placename Březník.
Breznik Heights on Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Breznik.
Street
Church
Museum
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Brusartsi
Brusartsi (Bulgarian: Брусарци) is a town in Northwestern Bulgaria. It is located in Montana Province and is 23 km away from the town of Lom. The town is the administrative center of the homonymous Brusartsi Municipality. As of December 2009, Brusartsi has a population of 1,302 inhabitants.
Main train lines Mezdra-Vidin and Lom-Mezdra make stops here. Roads link to Lom, Montana, Vidin and Belogradchik.
Located in the western part of the hilly Danube Plain on the side of the river "Nechinska bara". A height of 100 m. Temperate climate.
Sauerkraut with pork, dried chili beans, banitsa with pumpkin and banitsa with apples.
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Bryasotvets
Bryasotvets is a village in the municipality of Burgas, in Burgas Province, in southeastern Bulgaria.
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Bulgaria
Coordinates: 42°45′N 25°30′E / 42.75°N 25.5°E / 42.75; 25.5
Bulgariai/bʌlˈɡɛəriə/ (Bulgarian: България, IPA: [bɤ̞ɫˈɡarijɐ]), is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and the Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south and the Black Sea to the east. With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres (42,855 sq mi), Bulgaria is Europe's 14th-largest country. Its location has made it a historical crossroad for various civilisations and as such it is the home of some of the earliest metalworking, religious and other cultural artifacts in the world.
Prehistoric cultures began developing on Bulgarian lands during the Neolithic period. Its ancient history was marked by the presence of the Thracians, and later by the Greeks and Romans. The emergence of a unified Bulgarian ethnicity and state dates back to the First Bulgarian Empire, which dominated most of the Balkans and functioned as a cultural hub for Slavic peoples during the Middle Ages. With the downfall of the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1396, its territories came under Ottoman rule for nearly five hundred years. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 resulted in the Third Bulgarian State, recognised in 1908. The following years saw several conflicts with its neighbours, which prompted Bulgaria to align with Germany in both World Wars. In 1946 it became a Communist republic with a single-party system until 1989, when the Communist Party allowed multi-party elections. After 1990 Bulgaria transitioned to democracy and a market-based economy.
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Burgas
Burgas or Bourgas [bʊrˈɡas] (Bulgarian: Бургас) is the second-largest city on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast and fourth-largest in Bulgaria after Sofia, Plovdiv and Varna, with a population of 200,271 inhabitants according to Census 2011. It is the capital of Burgas Province and an important industrial, transport, cultural and tourist centre.
Surrounded by the coastal Burgas Lakes and located at the westernmost point of the Black Sea, the large Burgas Bay. The LUKOIL Neftochim Burgas is the largest oil refinery in Southeastern Europe and the largest industrial enterprise. The Port of Burgas is the largest Port in Bulgaria and the Burgas Airport is the second most important in the country. Burgas is the center of the Bulgarian fishing and fish processing industry.
Burgas is being more famous for its business reputation, Burgas has a thriving arts scene and many splendid museums and galleries.
There are several possible origins for the name of the city and the name is similar to the Spanish town of Burgos. When the city was founded, the inhabitants of the surrounding country got into the fortified village, named "pyrgos" (Greek: Πύργος) or burgos, meaning "tower" or "fortress". By an another theory, the city's name comes from Latin, or a Gothic name meaning signified consolidated walled villages (Gothic baurgs).
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Burgas Bay
Gulf of Burgas or Burgas Bay (Bulgarian: Бургаски залив, Burgaski zaliv) between the coastline and the straight line joining Cape Emine and Cape Maslen nos is the largest bay of the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast and one of the largest ones in the Black Sea. It is 41 km at its widest and 25 m at its deepest, reaching 31 km at its greatest innermost extent, approximately where the Bulgarian city and major port of Burgas is located. Other towns in the region include Pomorie, Sozopol and Nesebar. The Burgas Bay is the Black Sea's westernmost point.
The bay gets narrow to the west. While the northern coast is lower and has two big peninsulas, at Nesebar and Pomorie, the southern part of the bay is rougher, with many little inlets and headlands. The water's salinity in the bay is 17‰; the sand is of magnetite origin. The Burgas Lakes are located in the wetlands to the west.
There are several small islands in the southern part of Burgas Bay, most notably St. Ivan Island and St. Peter Island, St. Anastasia Island (the old Bolshevik), St. Thomas Island (popularly the Snake Island).
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Burgas Province
Coordinates: 42°30′N 27°15′E / 42.5°N 27.25°E / 42.5; 27.25
Burgas Province (Bulgarian: Област Бургас - Oblast Burgas, former name Burgas okrug) is a province in southeastern Bulgaria, including southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. It is bounded on the south by Turkey. The province is named after its administrative and industrial centre - the city of Burgas - the fourth biggest town in the country. It is the largest province by area, embracing a territory of 7,748.1 km² that is divided into 13 municipalities with a total population, as of December 2009, of 422,319 inhabitants.
The Burgas province (oбласт, oblast) contains 13 municipalities (singular: oбщина, obshtina - plural: oбщини, obshtini). The following table shows the names of each municipality in English and Cyrillic, the main town or village (towns are shown in bold), and the population of each as of 2009.
The Burgas province had a population of 423,608 (423,547 also given) according to a 2001 census, of which 49% were male and 51% were female. As of the end of 2009, the population of the province, announced by the Bulgarian National Statistical Institute, numbered 422,319 of which 21.8% are inhabitants aged over 60 years.
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Burgos
Burgos (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈburɣos], UK /ˈbʊərɡɒs/, US /ˈbʊərɡoʊs/) is a city in northern Spain, historic capital of Castile. It is situated on the River Arlanzón in northern Spain, just to the west of Logroño and southwest of Bilbao, at the edge of the central plateau. It has about 180,000 inhabitants in the proper city and another 20,000 in its suburbs. It is the capital of the province of Burgos, in the autonomous community of Castile and León. The Burgos Laws or Leyes de Burgos first governing the behaviour of Spaniards towards natives of the Americas were promulgated there in 1512.
It has many historic landmarks, set apart specially by the Cathedral of Burgos (named World Heritage Site by the UNESCO in 1984), Las Huelgas Reales Monastery and the Cartuja of Miraflores. It preserves a large number of churches, palaces and other building from the medieval age. The city is surrounded by the Fuentes Blancas and the Paseo de la Isla parks.
The city forms the principal crossroad of northern Spain along the Camino de Santiago, which runs parallel to the River Arlanzón. It has a developed transportation system, forming the main communication node in northern Spain.
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Byala Cherkva
Byala Cherkva (Bulgarian: Бяла Черква) is a town in Pavlikeni Municipality part of Veliko Turnovo Province, Central-North Bulgaria. The settlement is located close to the town of Pavlikeni about 28 km away from the city of Veliko Tarnovo. Its name in Bulgarian means white church, a popular placename around to world, equivalent to Bela Crkva, Weisskirchen, Whitechurch, etc. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 2,612 inhabitants.
Notable native include the revolutionary Bacho Kiro (1835–1876) the poet and minister of culture Tsanko Tserkovski, and politician Rayko Daskalov.
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Byala Slatina
Byala Slatina (Bulgarian: Бяла Слатина) is a town in Northwestern Bulgaria. It is located in Vratsa Province. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 12,433 inhabitants.
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California
California (pronouncedi/kælɨˈfɔrnjə/) is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third most extensive (after Alaska and Texas). It is home to the nation's second- and sixth-largest census statistical areas (Los Angeles Metropolitan Area and San Francisco Bay Area), and eight of the nation's fifty most populated cities (Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, Fresno, Sacramento, Long Beach and Oakland). The capital city is Sacramento.
California's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west, to the Sierra Nevada mountains in the east – from the Redwood–Douglas-fir forests of the northwest, to the Mojave Desert areas in the southeast. The center of the state is dominated by Central Valley, a major agricultural area. California contains both the highest and lowest points in the contiguous United States (Mount Whitney and Death Valley), and has the third-longest coastline of all states (after Alaska and Florida). Earthquakes are a common occurrence due to the state's location along the Pacific Ring of Fire: about 37,000 are recorded annually.
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Chepelare
Chepelare (Bulgarian: Чепеларе) is a town and ski resort in Smolyan Province in Southern Bulgaria. It is situated in the central part of the Rhodopes, on the banks of Chepelare River. Chepelare is a popular winter resort with one of the longest ski runs in Southeastern Europe[citation needed]. It is located near Pamporovo, one of the biggest Bulgarian resorts. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 5,412 inhabitants.
Chepelare is a favorite vacation destination for many people throughout the year. Summer time tourists can enjoy hiking, horse riding and various other outdoor activities. Winter is famous with the satisfying snowfall which guarantees the ski and snowboard lovers lots of fun.
The town is known for the only ski and snowboard factory in the Balkan peninsula. The factory cooperates with Atomic Ski, one of the world-famous ski brands. Chepelare is also popular for being the birthplace of biathlete Ekaterina Dafovska, Bulgaria's only Winter Olympics gold medal winner. The local Sports School provides good conditions for young winter athletes.
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Chernomorets Stadium
Chernomorets Stadium (Bulgarian: Стадион „Черноморец“) is a multi-purpose stadium in Burgas, Bulgaria. It was used mostly for football matches and was the home ground of PFC Chernomorets Burgas and its predecessor OFC Chernomorets 1919. The stadium currently holds 22,000 people and soon it will be replaced with a new modern sports complex. Coordinates: 42°29′25″N 27°27′11″E / 42.49028°N 27.45306°E / 42.49028; 27.45306
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Cherven Bryag
Cherven Bryag (Bulgarian: Червен бряг) is a town in northern Bulgaria, a capital of the Cherven Bryag municipality, Pleven Province. It is situated on the right shore of the Zlatna Panega in river Iskar, 137 km north-east of Sofia, 53 km south-west of Pleven, 12 km north-west of Lukovit, 56 km east of Vratsa, and 55 km south of Oryahovo. The name means "red shore" and refers to the reddish clay in the vicinity of the river. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 13,856 inhabitants.
Cherven Bryag is a medieval settlement mentioned in 1431 in Ottoman registers as Dobrolak. Under its present name Cherven Bryag was first recorded in the 16th century as part of the Ottoman region of Nikopol. On 26 June 1929, Prime Minister Andrey Lyapchev proclaimed the former village and station a town.
Cherven Bryag is an important railway cross-section on the line Sofia-Gorna Oryahovitsa-Varna/Rousse. It first appeared as a railway station settlement in 1899 on the newly built Sofia-Varna railway line. Cherven Bryag is a starting point of a narrow-gauge railway line to Byala Slatina and Oryahovo, as well as of a normal railway line to Lukovit and Zlatna Panega. The railway station is in the southwestern end of the town, opposite the central area.
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Chiprovtsi
Coordinates: 43°23′N 22°53′E / 43.383°N 22.883°E / 43.383; 22.883
Chiprovtsi (Bulgarian: Чипровци, pronounced [ˈtʃiproft͡si]) is a small town and municipality in northwestern Bulgaria, administratively part of Montana Province. It lies on the shores of the river Ogosta in the western Balkan Mountains, very close to the Bulgarian-Serbian border. A town of about 2,000 inhabitants, Chiprovtsi is the administrative centre of a municipality that also covers nine nearby villages.
Chiprovtsi is thought to have been founded in the Late Middle Ages as a mining and metalsmithing centre. Attracting German ore miners who introduced Roman Catholicism to the area, the town grew in importance as a cultural, economic and religious centre of the Bulgarian Catholics and the entire Bulgarian northwest during the first few centuries of Ottoman rule. The apogee of this upsurge was the anti-Ottoman Chiprovtsi Uprising of 1688. After the suppression of the uprising, some of the town's population fled to Habsburg-ruled lands; those unable to flee were killed or enslaved by the Ottomans.
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Chirpan
Chirpan (Bulgarian: Чирпан) is a town on the Tekirska River in Stara Zagora Province, South-central Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Chirpan Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 16,355 inhabitants.
Chirpan is located north of the Maritsa River on the Chirpan highlands, south-east of the Sredna Gora mountains. The town is a centre for wineries and viticulture.
The modern town is the successor of the Ancient Roman settlement of Sherampol and re-emerged in the beginning of the 15th century, its current name likely being derived from the Roman one. There has been extensive archaeological excavation at the Karasura (Carasura) site. During the Ottoman rule of Bulgaria, Chirpan (Turkish: Çırpan) was known for its craftsmen and agriculture. The town suffered badly from an earthquake on 18 April 1928.
Chirpan was the birthplace of Ottoman Turkish soldier Abdülkerim Nadir Pasha, and the Bulgarian poet Peyo Yavorov, whose native house is now a museum. Chirpan was the home of painter George Danchov. His house in the centre of the town is an excellent example of Bulgarian National Revival architecture.
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Croatia
Croatia (i/kroʊˈeɪʃə/ kroh-AY-shə; Croatian: Hrvatska pronounced [xř̩ʋaːtskaː]), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska 
listen (help·info)), is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of Central Europe, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers 56,594 square kilometres (21,851 square miles) and has diverse, mostly continental and Mediterranean climates. Croatia's Adriatic Sea coast contains more than a thousand islands. The country's population is 4.29 million, most of whom are Croats, with the most common religious denomination being Roman Catholicism.
In the early 7th century the Croats arrived in area of present-day Croatia. They organised the state into two dukedoms by the 9th century. Tomislav became the first king by 925 AD, elevating Croatia to the status of a kingdom. The Kingdom of Croatia retained its sovereignty for nearly two centuries, reaching its peak during the rule of Kings Peter Krešimir IV and Dmitar Zvonimir. Croatia entered a personal union with Hungary in 1102. In 1527, faced with Ottoman conquest the Croatian Parliament elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg to the Croatian throne. In 1918, after World War I, Croatia was included in the short-lived State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs that declared independence from Austria–Hungary and co-founded the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. A Croatian state briefly existed during World War II as a fascist puppet state. After the war, Croatia became a founding member and a federal constituent of the Second Yugoslavia, a socialist state. In June 1991, Croatia declared independence, which came into effect on 8 October of the same year. The Croatian War of Independence was fought successfully during the four years following the declaration.
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Dalgopol
Dalgopol (Bulgarian: Дългопол, pronounced [dəlɡuˈpɔl]; also transliterated Dǎlgopol or Dulgopol) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Varna Province. It is the administrative centre of Dalgopol Municipality, which lies in the southwestern part of the Province. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 4,829 inhabitants.
Dalgopol lies 70 kilometres east of the provincial capital of Varna, near the Tsonevo Reservoir, in the eastern part of the Varbitsa Balkan Mountains. The town's name comes from the phrase "long field" in Bulgarian, which is a popular placename around the world, equivalent to Langenfeld, Longfield, Câmpulung, Dugopolje, etc.
Dalgopol municipality has an area of 442 square kilometres and includes the following 16 places:
Dalgopol Glacier on Smith Island, South Shetland Islands is named after Dalgopol.
Coordinates: 43°03′N 27°21′E / 43.05°N 27.35°E / 43.05; 27.35
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Devin, Bulgaria
Devin (Bulgarian: Девин [ˈdevin]) is a town in Smolyan Province in the far south of Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Devin Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 7,054 inhabitants.
Devin is located in the central part of the Rhodope Mountains in the valley of the Vacha River, 45 km from the city of Smolyan. Devin is also at a distance of 220 km from Sofia and 70 km from Plovdiv. The town itself is located in the vicinity of the popular ski resort of Pamporovo which is 35 km east of Devin.
The Devinska river runs through it and numerous other brooks and rivers (namely Krichim, Muglenska and Trigradska) are found nearby, all tributaries of the Vacha river. The altitude is uneven owing to the mountainous location, ranging from 684 m to around 800 m above sea level.
Devin's climate is described as having mild winters, cool summers with prolonged spells of sunny days. The air is pleasantly cool and crisp and humidity is normal. The mean annual temperature is 4 to 10 °C, depending on altitude. The lowest winter temperature is around -10 °C while the maximum summer temperature is in the region of 30 to 33°C. Devin is protected from cold and violent westerly and north westerly winds due to the ridges that surround the town.
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Devnya
Devnya (Bulgarian: Девня) is a town in Varna Province, Northeastern Bulgaria, located about 25 km away to the west from the city of Varna and The Black Sea Coast. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Devnya Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 8,383 inhabitants.
It lies at the western shore of Lake Beloslav in the northeastern end of the Devnya Valley and along the southern slopes of the Dobruja Plateau, in the close proximity to the Black Sea. Two rivers, Devnya and Provadiya, empty into the lake nearby. The landscape is mostly karst with 30 karst springs with a debit of 3700 litres per second used for water supply for Devnya, Varna and the local industries. One of the largest springs, feeding a pool, is open for visitors. Along the river mouths there are extensive wetlands once rich in fish and crabs but now polluted by industrial waste.
Local landmarks include Roman remains of ancient Marcianopolis, including an amphitheatre and the Mosaics Museum, featuring some exquisite Roman mosaics [1] in situ, and Pobiti Kamani ("stone forest"), a rock phenomenon to the east.
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Dimchevo
Dimchevo is a village in the municipality of Burgas, in Burgas Province, in southeastern Bulgaria.
Coordinates: 42°24′N 27°25′E / 42.4°N 27.417°E / 42.4; 27.417
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Dimovo
Dimovo (Bulgarian: Димово [ˈdimuvu]) is a town in northwestern Bulgaria, part of Vidin Province. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Dimovo Municipality, which lies in the eastern part of Vidin Province, 30 kilometres from Vidin at the Danube and 50 kilometres from Bregovo at the Timok River and the Serbian border. As of December 2009, Dimovo has a population of 1,211 inhabitants.
The town is located in the western Danubian Plain. Until the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878, it was known as Barzitsa (Бързица) in Bulgarian, but it had the Ottoman name Osmaniye. In 1880, it was renamed to Aleksandrovo after the Bulgarian knyaz Alexander I of Battenberg. It was briefly named Vlaykovo in honour of Todor Vlaykov in 1936, but the name was changed back to honour Alexander as Knyaz Aleksandrovo in the same year. Finally, the modern name of Dimovo was established in 1951, after local partisan Zhivko Puev's nickname, Dimo.
Dimovo municipality has an area of 402 square kilometres and includes the following 23 places:
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Dobrich
Dobrich (Bulgarian: Добрич) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, the administrative centre of Dobrich Province. With 91,030 inhabitants, as of February 2011, Dobrich is the ninth most populated town in Bulgaria, being the centre of the historical region of Southern Dobruja. It is located 30 km west of the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, not far from resorts such as Albena, Balchik, and Golden Sands.
Dobrich Knoll on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Dobrich. A point of interest is the Dobrich TV Tower.
The first evidence of settlement in what is now Dobrich dates from 4th-3rd centuries BC. Ruins from AD 2nd-4th century and 7th-11th century have also been found, including a Bulgar necropolis featuring pagan graves in the centre of the city.
During the 11th century, Pecheneg invasions devastated the interior of Dobruja, leaving many settlements in the region uninhabited at the time of the Second Bulgarian Empire.
The settlement was founded for a second time in the 16th century by the Turkish merchant Hacıoğlu Pazarcık, whose name it bore until 1882. According to Ottoman data from 1646–1650, there were over 1,000 houses in the city, about 100 shops, three inns, three Turkish baths, twelve mosques and twelve schools.
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Dobrinishte
Dobrinishte (Bulgarian: Добринище) is a small town and ski resort in the Blagoevgrad Province, Bansko Municipality, southwestern Bulgaria. As of 2006[update] it has 2973 inhabitants. It is located 6 km east of Bansko, a famous winter resort. It has an altitude of 850 m and is surrounded by the Rila, Pirin, and Rhodope mountains. Dobrinishte offers good conditions for both winter and summer tourism: beautiful nature, hospitable population, ski runs, mineral waters and opportunities for rural and ecotourism. According to legends and song, between 6th and 15th century Dobrinishte was a Bulgarian stronghold which halted the Byzantines from invading the country from the valley of the Mesta River.
Dobrinishte is also a terminal station of the scenic Septemvri-Dobrinishte narrow gauge line from Septemvri (on the Sofia-Plovdiv line).
The village is a famous spa resort with 17 mineral springs with temperature of 30-43°C. The water is used to cure different diseases.
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Dolna Banya
Dolna Banya, also Dolna Banja or Dolna Bania (Bulgarian: Долна баня) is a town located in Sofia Province in southwestern Bulgaria. 75 km from Sofia and Plovdiv, Dolna Banya is located by the north-eastern slopes of the Rila Mountains, 18 and 30 km respectively from the ski resorts of Borovets and Samokov. Dolna Banya is known as a resort town, famous for its hot mineral waters, with temperatures of 56.3 C. The area surrounding the town is largely agricultural, although hiking trails and skiing in the nearby mountains are easily accessible.
Dolna Banya is a small, but lively town. The square has a vegetable market, bakery, 2 bars, restaurant, used as a disco on the weekends. From the inside of the town's Bulgarian Orthodox church is covered in beautiful murals, the churchyard located next to a stream. The local stadium is named Vasil Levski, a tribute to the leader of Bulgaria's liberation from the Ottoman Empire and the national stadium of the same name in Sofia.
Dolna Banya is easily accessible by car. There is a daily bus that runs from the Sofia bus depot through other villages in the area. However, buses run more frequently from Sofia to Kostenets (8 km from Dolna Banya. From Kostenets transportation is available every 30 minutes to Dolna Banya. Trains also run about every hour between Sofia and Kostenets.
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Dolni Chiflik
Dolni Chiflik (Bulgarian: Долни чифлик, meaning "lower farm", Turkish: Aşağı Çiftlik) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Varna Province, located near the Kamchiya River about 14 km away from the Black Sea coast. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Dolni Chiflik Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 6,706 inhabitants.
The village of Dolni Chiflik was founded by an Ottoman noble after the Christian defeat in the Battle of Varna in 1444. In the village's early years, the main occupation of the locals was stockbreeding. In 1795, the village was burned to the ground by the Circassians, and was uninhabited until the following year, when Mihail Yanev and his family settled, with more Bulgarians coming in 1830.
Dolni Chiflik first became a municipality centre in 1919. It was proclaimed a town on 4 September 1974 and renamed Kamchiya (after the river). In early 1975, upon the death of the politician Georgi Traykov, it was named in his honour. After 10 November 1989, President Zhelyu Zhelev reinstated the old name Dolni Chiflik.
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Dolni Dabnik
Dolni Dabnik (Bulgarian: Долни Дъбник) is a town in Pleven Province in the Danubian Plain of central northern Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of Dolni Dabnik municipality and lies to the west of the city of Pleven. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 4,761 inhabitants.
Dolni Dabnik was first mentioned in 1430 and is known for its oil fields, some of the few in Bulgaria. Besides oil extraction, the locals are mainly occupied in agriculture.
Notable natives include Bulgaria international footballer Ivaylo Petkov (b. 1975), artist Iliya Beshkov (1901–1958) and politician Ventsislav Varbanov (b. 1962).
The name "Dolni Dabnik" literally means "lower oak place", in contrast to the neighbouring village of Gorni Dabnik ("higher oak place").
Dabnik Peak on Graham Land in Antarctica is named after Dolni Dabnik.
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Dospat
Dospat (Bulgarian: Доспат) is a town in the very south of Bulgaria, part of Smolyan Province, situated in the Rhodope Mountains, close to Dospat Dam. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Dospat Municipality. As of December 2010, the town has a population of 2,425 inhabitants who are mainly Pomaks.
The town was probably founded by Despot Alexius Slav in the 12th-13th century, from whose title (despot) its name is very likely derived.
Dospat Dam is the highest dam in Bulgaria by altitude and, with its 22 km² of water area, the second largest in capacity. It is fed by the river Dospat. At the bottom of the lake is a former German military airport from the Second World War.
Dospat Peak on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Dospat.
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Dragoman, Bulgaria
Coordinates: 42°55′N 22°56′E / 42.917°N 22.933°E / 42.917; 22.933
Dragoman (Bulgarian: Драгоман) is a municipality in the Sofia Province, western Bulgaria. The town is located very close to the border with Serbia. As of 2011[update] the population is 5,362.
Dragoman Glacier on Smith Island, South Shetland Islands is named after Dragoman.
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Dryanovo
The town of Dryanovo (Дряново) is situated at the northern foot of the Balkan Mountains in Gabrovo Province, Bulgaria, amphitheatrically along the two banks of Dryanovo River, a tributary to the Yantra River. The town is a centre of the homonymous Dryanovo Municipality, which is composed of 62 villages, hamlets and huts picturesquely spread out of the mountain folds. The population of the town as of December 2009 is 8,043.
Dryanovo has a favourable geographical position, being situated 20 km away from Gabrovo, 24 km from Veliko Tarnovo, 17 km from Tryavna and about 30 km away from Sevlievo. The town lies on the Rousse-Veliko Tarnovo-Gabrovo-Shipka-Kazanlak-Stara Zagora highway and it is a station of the main railway thoroughfare, which links the north and the south part of Bulgaria.
Like all Balkan mountain settlements, Dryanovo reached its bloom at the time of the Bulgarian National Revival. In 1883 it was proclaimed a town. Masons and woodcarvers spread the fame of the town throughout Bulgaria and far away in the Ottoman Empire.
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Dulovo, Bulgaria
Dulovo (Bulgarian: Дулово, Turkish: Akkadınlar) is a town in Silistra Province in northeastern Bulgaria, the historical region of Southern Dobruja. As the administrative centre of the homonymous Dulovo Municipality, it is the third largest town in the province after Silistra and Tutrakan. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 6,621 inhabitants.
Dulovo, then a village, was first mentioned in an Ottoman document of 1573 as "Akkadınlar", meaning "White Women". Even before the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878, it had a mixed population of Bulgarians (settlers from the region of Preslav) and Turks, which is still reflected in the ethnic composition today. Following the Second Balkan War, Bulgaria was forced to cede it to Romania along with all of Southern Dobruja. It was also a district centre of Durostor County under Romanian rule. The village was given back to Bulgaria according to the Treaty of Craiova of 1940. In 1942, it acquired its present name (in honour of the early medieval Bulgarian Dulo clan, with the Slavic placename suffix –ovo). On 30 January 1960, Dulovo was granted town status.
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Dunavtsi
Dunavtsi (Bulgarian: Дунавци, "Danubians") is a town in northwestern Bulgaria, part of Vidin Municipality, Vidin Province. It lies in the northwestern Danubian Plain, in a small valley adjacent to the Danube River. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 2,743 inhabitants.
Dunavtsi was formed on 12 December 1955 through the merger of the villages Vidbol and Gurkovo, today regarded as town neighbourhoods. It was proclaimed an urban-type settlement on 11 September 1964 and acquired town privileges on 4 September 1974. From 1949 until 1987, it was the administrative centre of a municipality, but today it is a part of Vidin municipality. The Vidbol River flows into the Danube southeast of the town.
Dunavtsi is an agricultural town located near the Sofia–Vidin road, part of European route E79 and IV Pan-European transport corridor, and the Mezdra–Vidin railway. The town has a railway station at Vidbol and a railway stop at Sinagovtsi–Gurkovo. The local economy is represented by a fodder factory. Since 2003, the mayor has been Petar Petrov.
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Dupnitsa
Dupnitsa (Bulgarian: Дупница, (previously Дубница) sometimes transliterated Dupnica) is a town in western Bulgaria. It is located at the foot of Rila, about 65 km south of the capital Sofia. Dupnitsa is the second largest city in Kyustendil Province. In the first half of the 20th century Dupnitsa was bigger than the current administrative centre Kyustendil.
Dupnitsa is also referred to as "The Green and Shady Town", because of its location which makes it quite shady in summer and due to the abundance of trees in the town. One of the interesting things about Dupnitsa is that it's often called "The Little Italy of Bulgaria". This nickname comes from the fact that many inhabitants have gone over the years to work and live in Italy and every summer they return to their hometown. Another reason for this name is that Dupnitsa is the town with the most used-car lots in the country and they are mainly shipped in from Italy.
The town has existed since Antiquity. The names Tobinitsa, Doupla and Dubnitsa are mentioned throughout history, the last one surviving until the Liberation of Bulgaria, when the official name was changed to Dupnitsa. In 1948 the town was renamed to Stanke Dimitrov; for a short period in 1949 was called Marek, but the name was once again changed to Stanke Dimitrov in 1950. After the democratic changes, the old name Dupnitsa was restored.
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Dve Mogili
Dve Mogili (Bulgarian: Две могили, pronounced [ˈdvɛ muˈɡili]) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Ruse Province. It is the administrative centre of Dve Mogili Municipality, which lies in the western part of the area. Dve Mogili is located 32 kilometres away from the provincial capital of Ruse. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 4,342 inhabitants.
The town's name means "two hills" and is derived from the geographic features of the surrounding area, namely the two hills near the town. Dve Mogili was first mentioned in the early 15th century. In that period, it had a Bulgarian population. In 1656, the village was inhabited by Bulgarians and Turks. During the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78, it had 100 houses and a population of 550.
Dve Mogili was the place where noted Bulgarian hajduk voivode Filip Totyu (1830–1907) spent the last years of his life after the Liberation of Bulgaria.
Coordinates: 43°36′N 25°52′E / 43.6°N 25.867°E / 43.6; 25.867
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Dyuni
Dyuni (Дюни, "Dunes"; also Duni or Dyunite) is a holiday town and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, 40 km south of the Bulgarian city of Burgas and 7 km from Sozopol. The construction of the resort began in 1987 by an Austrian company and after a Bulgarian project.
The resort has a length of 4–5 km and a width of over 100 m, with a beach suitable for windsurfing and other water sports in a wide bay. Dyuni has seven tennis courts and a number of swimming pools.
Coordinates: 42°22′18″N 27°42′18″E / 42.37167°N 27.705°E / 42.37167; 27.705
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Elena, Bulgaria
Elena (Bulgarian: Елена) is a Bulgarian town in the central Stara Planina mountain in Veliko Tarnovo Province, located 42 km away to southeast from the city of Veliko Tarnovo. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Elena Municipality. The area is a popular mountain resort also known for the typical local cuisine. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 5,665 inhabitants. It forms a terminal for the Gorna Oryahovitsa-Elena railway line.
Elena is an old settlement founded before the 15th century. During the 18th and 19th century it established itself as a centre of crafts, trade and education. There are several architectural ensembles preserved dating back to the Bulgarian National Revival and comprising about 130 old houses. Wall-to-wall construction forms interesting street silhouettes. The houses have stone basements with white-washed or wooden walls of the upper floor with protruding bays above.
The town's sights include an old first class school, founded in 1848 and named Daskalolivnitsa, where future teachers were educated (and where nowadays a museum exhibition is arranged), the St Nicholas Church of the 16th century, with valuable mural paintings and icons, and the three-naved Church of the Assumption, built entirely of stone (1837). The clock tower (Chasovnika kula) that features an antique clock mechanism (1812) rises at the town's highest point.
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Elhovo
Elhovo (Bulgarian: Елхово, from елха, elha, meaning "alder" + the placename suffix "-ovo",) is a Bulgarian town in Yambol Province, located on the left bank of Tundzha river, between Strandzha and Sakar mountains. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Elhovo Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 10,553 inhabitants.
During the Ottoman rule it was known as Kızılağaç.
Elhovo Gap on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Elhovo.
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Elin Pelin (town)
Elin Pelin (Bulgarian: Елин Пелин), previously known as Novoseltsi (Новоселци), is a town in central western Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of Elin Pelin municipality, located in central Sofia Province. It lies in the Sofia Valley, with the slopes of the Balkan Mountains to the north and Sredna Gora to the south-southeast, 24 km southeast of the capital city of Sofia.
The number of Thracian, Roman and Byzantine artifacts and ruins in the area proves that the surroundings of Elin Pelin have been inhabited since antiquity. A Slavic settlement was founded in the Middle Ages and existed until the early Ottoman rule of Bulgaria.
Elin Pelin (then Novoseltsi) became to emerge as a local cultural and trade centre during the Bulgarian National Revival. In 1881, after the Liberation of Bulgaria, it was proclaimed the administrative centre of a district. Novoseltsi continued to grow in importance after the construction of the Sofia–Saranbey (now Septemvri) railway line and the establishment of the Izida ceramic factory, the first in the country. A class school and a chitalishte were founded in the late 19th century. Novoseltsi was renamed Elin Pelin in honour of the noted writer of the same name (born in the nearby village of Baylovo) in 1950 and was proclaimed a town in 1960.
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Emona, Bulgaria
Coordinates: 42°43′N 27°53′E / 42.717°N 27.883°E / 42.717; 27.883
Emona (Bulgarian: Емона, Greek: Εμονα) is a village and seaside resort in southeast Bulgaria, situated in the Nesebar Municipality of the Burgas Province. The beach Irakli is 5 km from Emona. Emona lies close to Cape Emine. There are ruins of the ancient fortress nearby.
Emona is famous for being the legendary birthplace of Thracian king Rhesus, who fought in the Trojan War. According to Homer's Iliad, he was killed by Odysseus and Diomedes.
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Etropole
Etropole (Bulgarian: Етрополе) is a town in western Bulgaria, part of Sofia Province. It is located close to the northern slopes of the Balkan Mountains in the valley of the Malki Iskar 80 km (49.71 mi) from Sofia.
The area was first settled by the Thracian tribe of the Triballi in the 7th-6th century BC due to its position as an important crossroad connecting the Danube with Macedonia and Thrace close to two key Balkan passes. The forces of Philip II of Macedon (339 BC), Alexander the Great (335 BC), the Celts and the Roman legions passed through the valley in the Antiquity. The region developed as a centre of trade and economy, as evidenced by findings of Macedonian and Greek coins, Greek ceramics, luxurious items and decorations.
The ore ledges brought Saxon miners to the town in the 16th century. They introduced the samokov hammer technology and helped for the area's establishment as a centre of craftsmanship and mining, with gold, copper, silver and iron being extracted in the 16th and 17th century. Handicrafts such as iron-, gold- and coppersmithing and cutlery prospered. The economic upsurge of the settlement aided the development of culture and education in the nearby Etropole Monastery in the period, where biblical and liturgical books were copied in a specific original calligraphic style, of which 76 hand-written volumes were preserved.
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Euxinograd
Coordinates: 43°13′9″N 27°59′41″E / 43.21917°N 27.99472°E / 43.21917; 27.99472
Euxinograd (Bulgarian: Евксиноград [ɛfˈksinoɡrat], also transliterated as Evksinograd or Euxinograde) is a former late 19th-century Bulgarian royal summer palace and park on the Black Sea coast, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) north of downtown Varna. It is currently a governmental and presidential retreat hosting cabinet meetings in the summer and offering access for tourists to several villas and hotels. Since 2007, it is also the venue of the Operosa annual opera festival.
The construction of the palace began soon after the land which it occupies was given to Knyaz Alexander Battenberg as a present by the Greek bishopric on 16 March 1882. There had previously been small monasteries called St. Demetrius and St. Constantine at that place, the buildings of which were subsequently converted into another small residence.
Viennese architect Viktor Rumpelmayer provided the original design for the palace. The palace was initially named Sandrovo in 1885 after the Italian diminutive of Alexander's name — Sandro. Later the knyaz extended the estate to its contemporary area of 80 hectares (200 acres). However, no buildings were constructed at the time.
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Gabrovo
Gabrovo (Bulgarian: Габрово) is a city in central northern Bulgaria, the administrative centre of Gabrovo Province. It is situated at the foot of the central Balkan Mountains, in the valley of the Yantra River, and is known as an international capital of humour and satire (see Gabrovo humour), as well as noted for its Bulgarian National Revival architecture. Gabrovo is also known as the longest city in Bulgaria, stretching over 25 km[citation needed] along the Yantra, yet reaching only 1 km in width at places. The geographic center of Bulgaria - Uzana is located near the city. According to Census 2011, as of February 2011, the population of the town was 58,950 inhabitants.
The area around Gabrovo, inhabited since the Neolithic, gained economic importance after Veliko Tarnovo became capital of the Second Bulgarian Empire in the 12th century. Craftsmanship and trade prospered due to the proximity to both the capital and the Balkan passes. Medieval Gabrovo was a small pass village of about 100 houses.
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Galabovo
Galabovo (Bulgarian: Гълъбово [ˈɡələbɔvɔ], from гълъб galab, "dove" + -ovo) is a town in south-central Bulgaria, part of Stara Zagora Province. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Galabovo Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 8,404 inhabitants.
Galabovo is located in the southeastern part of the Upper Thracian Plain, in a region economically important due to the extraction of coal and production of electricity in the region. The Maritsa Iztok-1 power plant is situated nearby. The population is predominantly Bulgarian and Bulgarian Orthodox, the employment is pretty high, with the residents employed for the most part in the coal, compressed slacks and electricity production industry.
Galabovo is also the seat of Galabovo municipality (part of Stara Zagora Province), which in addition to the town also includes the following 10 villages:
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General Toshevo
General Toshevo (Bulgarian: Генерал Тошево) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Dobrich Province. Located in the historic region of Southern Dobruja, it is the administrative centre of the homonymous municipality and was named after the noted Bulgarian General Stefan Toshev. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 7,130 inhabitants.
What is today General Toshevo was first mentioned in Ottoman tax registers as Kasιm in 1573; according to archaeological evidence, the area had been settled by Getae in antiquity, and then by the Ancient Romans. The surrounding region became part of the Bulgarian Empire after its establishment in 681 until it was conquered by the Ottomans in the late 14th century during the Bulgarian-Ottoman Wars. It remained under Ottoman rule until the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878. Following the Second Balkan War, Bulgaria was forced to cede it to Romania along with all of Southern Dobruja. It was initially renamed to Sfântul Dumitru ("Saint Demetrius") in 1918 from Casim and then, in 1934, to Ion Gheorghe Duca in honour of the politician and Prime Minister of Romania assassinated by the Iron Guard the previous year. It was also a district (plasă) centre of Caliacra County under Romanian rule.
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Georgia (country)
Georgiai/ˈdʒɔrdʒə/ (Georgian: საქართველო Sakartvelo, IPA: [sɑkʰɑrtʰvɛlɔ] (
listen)) is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the south by Turkey and Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of Georgia is Tbilisi. Georgia covers a territory of 69,700 km² and its population is almost 4.7 million. Georgia is a unitary, semi-presidential republic, with the government elected through a representative democracy.
During the classical era independent kingdoms became established in what is now Georgia. The kingdoms of Colchis and Iberia adopted Christianity in the early 4th century. A unified Georgia reached the peak of its political and economic strength during the reign of King David IV and Queen Tamar in the 11th–12th centuries. At the beginning of the 19th century, Georgia was annexed by the Russian Empire. After a brief period of independence following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Georgia was occupied by Soviet Russia in 1921, becoming the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic and part of the Soviet Union. After independence in 1991, post-communist Georgia suffered from civil unrest and economic crisis for most of the 1990s. This lasted until the Rose Revolution of 2003, after which the new government introduced democratic and economic reforms.
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Glavinitsa
Glavinitsa (Bulgarian: Главиница, pronounced [ɡləˈvinit͡sə]; also transliterated Glavinica or Glavinitza) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Silistra Province. It is the administrative centre of Glavinitsa Municipality, which lies in the southwestern part of Silistra Province, in the historical region of Southern Dobruja. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 1,928 inhabitants.
Glavinitsa is located in the eastern Danubian Plain, on the road between Dulovo and Tutrakan. Its old name (until 1942) was Asvatköy. Glavinitsa was proclaimed a town on 5 September 1984.
Glavinitsa Peak on Fallières Coast in Antarctica is named after the village.
Glavinitsa municipality includes the following 23 places:
The population consists mostly of Bulgarians and Turks. There are 5 churches, 3 chapels and 17 mosques.
Coordinates: 43°55′N 26°50′E / 43.917°N 26.833°E / 43.917; 26.833
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Godech
Godech (Bulgarian: Годеч) is a small town located in the Sofia Province, of Bulgaria. The town is founded in a valley on the far west of Stara Planina, where the Nishava River passes. The settllment is about 20 km east of the Serbian border and has its highest peak Kom (2016 m) to the north. Godech is officially a town, not a village, carrying (As of 2006[update]) 4,663 inhabitants. It is the administrative center of the Godech municipality.
A number of archaeological finds prove that the Godech region has been inhabited since the pre-historical times and since the times of the Thracians and Romans. The evidences dating from the Middle Ages and the Bulgarian National Revival are rather meagre. In 1453 Godech was mentioned for first time in the Ottoman records. There is a still preserved inscription in St. Nikola church in the village of Tuden and according to it the church was built in 1400 '"when the Ottomans took possession of Bulgaria'". About eleven years later another church with three apses and loopholes was built in the village of Gubesh, located nearby.
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Golden Sands
Golden Sands (Bulgarian: Златни пясъци, Zlatni pyasatsi) is a major seaside resort town on the northern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, adjacent to a national park of the same name in the municipality of Varna.
Located 17 km north of downtown Varna, it is virtually connected to the city by a continuous swath of resorts and villa communities. It is a popular tourist destination, drawing many visitors from Romania, Poland, Germany, the United Kingdom, Russia, Scandinavia, France, Central and Eastern Europe, the Persian Gulf, Israel, and other countries, attracted by the favourable climate, scenic landscape, and reasonable prices.
Golden Sands is served by several regular bus lines of the Varna public transit system. Buses 9, 89 and 109 connect the resort to Varna Railway Station, bus 409 connects to Varna International Airport via the city centre and buses 209 and 309 connect to other areas of Varna.
The old-growth forests between ancient Odessos and Dionysopolis were first mentioned by Pliny as the home of mythical dwarfs, visited by the Argonauts. Byzantine sources name the local fortress Gerania; there are 4-7 century AD remains of massive stone ramparts and a basilica along the edge of the Franga plateau. The cave Aladzha Monastery, 3 km to the west, was a monastic centre from antiquity through the Second Bulgarian Empire. In the days of Ottoman Empire, Uzunkum (Turkish: long sands) was known as a hideaway for outlaws. It was largely uninhabited until the 1950s, although used for outings.
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Gorna Oryahovitsa
Gorna Oryahovitsa (Bulgarian: Горна Оряховица) is a town in northern Bulgaria, situated in Veliko Tarnovo Province, not far from the city of Veliko Tarnovo. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Gorna Oryahovitsa Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 32,436 inhabitants.
The nearby village of Arbanasi is an architectural reserve with a large number of historical monuments, such as medieval churches and examples of the Bulgarian National Revival architecture.
The first settlement in the area dates back to the second half of the 5th millennium BC (Middle Neolithic Age). There are traces of a later Thracian settlement between the Kamaka (The Stone) Hill and the Arbanasi Plateau. Its inhabitants were from the tribe of Krobizi. They erected the Kamaka Fortress that existed from the 5th century BC to the 1st century BC, when the Romans built up their own fortified settlement over its ruins. It gradually acquired economic power mainly through cultivating grapes and producing wine. The life of that settlement continued up to the coming of the Slavs (6th-7th century). There is no substantial evidence of settled life between the 7th and the 12th century.
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Gotse Delchev (town)
Gotse Delchev (Bulgarian: Гоце Делчев), is a town in Blagoevgrad Province of Bulgaria with a population of 23,573.
In 1951 the town was renamed after the Bulgarian revolutionary Georgi (Gotse) Nikolov Delchev. It had hitherto been called Nevrokop (in Bulgarian: Неврокоп, Nevrokop; in Greek: Νευροκόπι, Nevrokopi; and in Turkish: Nevrokop).
Nearby are the remains of a walled city established by the Romans in the 2nd century AD to celebrate victories over the Dacians. The town was called Nicopolis ad Nestum. There has been archaeological work on the site, which ceased due to lack of funds around 1986. The town was a kaza in Syar sanjak of Selanik vilayet before the Balkan Wars.
There is a hospital for endocrine surgery, named Simvol na nadezhdata (Символ на надеждата) (translated sign of hope), established with the help of the Union of Free Evangelic Churches in Germany.
Gotse Delchev is the administrative centre of Gotse Delchev municipality (part of Blagoevgrad Province), which includes the following 13 places:
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Gramada
Gramada (Bulgarian: Грамада, pronounced [ɡrəˈmadə] "heap, pile") is a town in northwestern Bulgaria, part of Vidin Province. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Gramada Municipality, which lies in the central part of Vidin Province. It is located in the western Danubian Plain, 30 kilometres from the provincial capital Vidin and 200 kilometres from Sofia. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 1,647 inhabitants.
Gramada municipality covers an area of 184 square kilometres and includes the following 8 places:
Gramada municipality is situated in a plain area and is crossed by the rivers Vidbol, Kormanitsa, Gramada River and Yasova Bara. The municipality is mainly agricultural, cultivating grain, vine, fruits and vegetables.
East of Gramada there is since 1973 a powerful mediumwave broadcasting station, called Vidin transmitter, whose signals can be easily received in the whole of Europe. It works on 576 kHz and on 1224 kHz with a power of 500 kW. For transmission on 576 kHz a 259 metres tall guyed mast equipped with a cage antenna at its lower part is used. For the transmission on 1224 kHz 4 guyed masts, insulated against ground, which are each equipped with a cage antenna are used, which allows a switchable directional pattern.
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Greece
Greecei/ˈɡriːs/ (Greek: Ελλάδα, Ellada, IPA: [eˈlaða] ( listen) historically in Katharevousa and Ancient Greek: Ἑλλάς, Hellas, IPA: [eˈlas] and [helːás] respectively), officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία, Elliniki Dimokratia, IPA: [eliniˈci ðimokraˈtia]), is a country in Southern Europe, politically considered part of Western Europe.Athens is the capital and the largest city in the country (its urban area also including Piraeus). The population of the country is around 11 million.
Greece has land borders with Albania, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the east. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of mainland Greece, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km (8,498 mi) in length, featuring a vast number of islands (approximately 1,400, of which 227 are inhabited), including Crete, the Dodecanese, the Cyclades, and the Ionian Islands among others. Eighty percent of Greece consists of mountains, of which Mount Olympus is the highest at 2,917 m (9,570 ft).
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Gulyantsi
Gulyantsi (Bulgarian: Гулянци, pronounced [ɡuˈlʲanci]; also transliterated Guljanci, Gulyanci, Guliantzi, Gulyantzi, etc.) is a town in central northern Bulgaria, part of Pleven Province. It is the administrative centre of Gulyantsi municipality and lies in the central north of the province, near the town of Nikopol, very close to the Danube River. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 3,432 inhabitants.
Gulyantsi lies 34 kilometres north of the provincial capital Pleven, 4 kilometres south of the Danube and 7-8 kilometres southwest of the mouth of the Iskar River at Gigen village. It was proclaimed a town on 4 September 1974.
Coordinates: 43°38′N 24°42′E / 43.633°N 24.7°E / 43.633; 24.7
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Gurkovo
Gurkovo (Bulgarian: Гурково) is a small town in the Stara Zagora Province, South-central Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Gurkovo Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 2,917 inhabitants.
It is located along the main route that links the important Bulgarian city of Veliko Tarnovo with the Thrace region of Bulgaria, notably Burgas on the Black Sea.
Coordinates: 42°39′26″N 25°47′46″E / 42.6572222322°N 25.7961111211°E / 42.6572222322; 25.7961111211
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Hadzhidimovo
Hadzhidimovo (Bulgarian: Хаджидимово) is a small town and a centre of a municipality in Blagoevgrad Province , south-western Bulgaria.
It is located in the southernmost part of Bulgaria, bordering on Greece in the Chech region.
The municipality lies in the Mesta River valley, surrounded by the heights of Rila, Pirin, Slavyanka, Shilka, Bozdag, and the Western Rhodopes Mountains.
Although the municipality is located in a Mediterranean climate region, temperatures quite often fall below 0º in winter, and the summers are hot with sometimes temperatures reaching 45Celsius.
The municipality includes one town, Hadzhidimovo, and 14 villages.
Hadzhidimovo was formed through the merger of the villages of Gorna Singartia and Dolna Singartia. Throughout the 19th century, researchers listed the two villages as having a predominantly ethnic Bulgarian population with a Turkish minority.
For a while after the merger, the settlement was known as Zhostovo, after Bulgarian general Konstantin Zhostov who was born in nearby Gaytaninovo. Today, it bears the name of leftist IMRO revolutionary Dimo Hadzhidimov. Hadzhidimovo was proclaimed a town in 1996.
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Harmanli
Harmanli (Bulgarian: Харманли) is a town in Haskovo Province, South-central Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Harmanli Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 18,557 inhabitants.
Harmanli came into being in about 1510 along the road that connects Central Europe and Anatolia.
Its territory spreads over some parts of the Upper Thracian Lowlands between the oblique south slopes of the Sredna Gora and precipitous north slopes of the Rhodope Mountains. The south boundary of the Thracian lowlands is outlined by the north Rhodope foot, along which it leans close on the north Rhodopes, between the lower end of the Momina Klisura defile (at 300 m elevation) and the beginning of the Harmanli defile (at 80 m elevation).
The Maritsa River flows near the city. The climate of the area is temperate continental, which determines the variety of the vegetative types, some of which pertain to the evergreen groups (south of Harmanli). The soils are mainly maroon and woody. It is located 270 km from the capital Sofia
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Haskovo
Haskovo (Bulgarian: Хасково), is a city, an administrative centre of the homonymous Haskovo Province in southern Bulgaria, not far from the borders with Greece and Turkey. As of February 2011, it has a population of 74,843 inhabitants.
The first settlement found in Haskovo are from circa 5000 bc. The Thracian name of the settlement was Marsa. Haskovo celebrated its 1,000th anniversary as a town in 1985. To mark the event, a new clock tower was erected in the centre of the town. In medieval times it was known for the nearby Uzundzhovo fair, famous in all of Bulgaria.
According to the archeologists, the area of Haskovo was originally settled about seven thousand years ago. In and around Haskovo, evidence has been preserved that confirms its long history during the prehistoric, Thracian, Greek, Roman, and Byzantine periods.
In the 9th century — during the First Bulgarian Empire — a fortress was built in Haskovo that soon was transformed into a town. The town was located at the centre of a sizable region between the Klokotnitsa, Harmanliyska, and Maritsa rivers.
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Hisarya, Bulgaria
Hisarya (Bulgarian: Хисаря, also known as Hisar, Hissar or Hissarya) is a small resort town in Bulgaria, in Plovdiv Province.
Located in the outskirts of the Sredna Gora mountain range, it boasts of a very mild climate and over two dozen different mineral springs, which make it a favorite spa for many Bulgarian and foreign tourists.
The town's population is 7,691. The population of the municipality is approximately 14,826.
Because of these springs, the town was founded thousands of years ago. Some pre-historic remains have been found in what is now the town centre. Later, it became a Thracian city, and when Thrace fell to the Romans and became a Roman province, Hisarya became a Roman town - one of the three most important towns in the province. At various times it was called Augusta, Diocletianopolis (after emperor Diocletian) and a couple of other names. It was a famous resort even in those times, which is proved by the fact that emperor Septimius Severus himself visited the city.
Many Roman ruins are still visible everywhere - public buildings, a small amphitheatre, the barracks of the Roman garrison, the foundations of a couple of the oldest churches in Bulgaria, as well as the best preserved Roman fortress in Bulgaria. The southern gate is known as "The Camels", because it had broken in the middle and looked like two camels facing each other, before it was partially restored in the early 20th century.
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Ihtiman
Ihtiman (Bulgarian: Ихтиман) is a town in western Bulgaria, part of Sofia Province. It is located in the Ihtimanska Sredna Gora mountains and lies in a valley 48 km from Sofia and 95 km from Plovdiv, close to Trakiya motorway.
Formerly a Roman defensive station guarding the important roads to the Bosphorus, Ihtiman was then called Stipon. It continued to play this role under the Byzantine Empire and the Bulgarian Empire, which however shifted its main defensive centre in the region to the Gate of Trajan hill pass.
Following the Ottoman domination in the 14th century, the town's name was changed to Ihtiman, which is thought to be of Ottoman Turkish origin.
The traditional and dominant religion is Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
Ihtiman Hook on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Ihtiman.
Ihtiman is also the seat of Ihtiman municipality (part of Sofia Province), which includes the following 27 villages:
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Isperih
Isperih (Bulgarian: Исперих; Turkish: Kemallar) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Razgrad Province, situated in the central part of the Ludogorie region. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Isperih Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 9,017 inhabitants.
Isperih was called Kemanllar during the Ottoman rule of Bulgaria and was later renamed in honour of Bulgarian khan Asparuh, whose name in Slavic was Isperih.
The town has a mixed population of Bulgarians and Turks, with an Orthodox church and a mosque being present. Isperih emerged in 1545 at the place of a medieval settlement, with the earliest known traces of human presence in the area dating from the Bronze Age. The village was first mentioned as Kemallar in an Ottoman tax register from 1573 and was renamed Isperih in 1934, becoming a town on 31 January 1960.
The Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is located nearby. Another landmark in the area is the 17th-century Bektashi Demir Baba Tekke, uniting Bektashi, Sunni, Christian and pagan traditions. The oldest active windmill in the country can also be found in Isperih municipality; it was built in the early 19th century.[1][2]
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Istanbul
Istanbul (Turkish: İstanbul) is the largest city in Turkey, forming the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With a population of 13.4 million, the city is at the center of the second-largest urban area in Europe after Moscow, and among the world's largest cities by population within city limits. Istanbul's vast area of 5,343 square kilometers (2,063 sq mi) is coterminous with Istanbul Province, of which the city is considered capital. Straddling the Bosphorus—one of the world's busiest waterways—in northwestern Turkey, between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea, Istanbul is a transcontinental city, with one third of its population living in Asia but its commercial and historical center in Europe.
Founded around 660 BC as Byzantium on the Seraglio Point, the city now known as Istanbul developed to become one of the most significant cities in history. For nearly sixteen centuries following its reestablishment as Constantinople in 330 AD, it served as the capital of four empires — the late classical Roman Empire (330–395), the Eastern Roman ("Byzantine") Empire (395–1204 and 1261–1453), the Latin Empire (1204–1261), and the Ottoman Empire (1453–1922). It was instrumental in the advancement of Christianity during Roman and Byzantine times, before the Ottomans conquered the city in 1453 and transformed it into an Islamic stronghold from which the last caliphate ruled. Although the Republic of Turkey established its capital elsewhere, in Ankara, remnants of Istanbul's previous central role still remain highly visible across the city, with palaces and imperial mosques lining its hills.
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Ivaylovgrad
Ivaylovgrad (Bulgarian: Ивайловград, "city of Ivaylo") is a town in Haskovo Province in the very south-east of Bulgaria set near the river Arda in the easternmost part of the Rhodope Mountains. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Ivaylovgrad Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 3,756 inhabitants.
Byzantine eparchial lists from the time of the 9th-10th century mention a bishop's centre by the name of Lyutitsa on the site of present-day Ivaylovgrad. According to John VI Kantakouzenos (1347–1354), his infantry reached the fortress in 1342–1343. The settlement was destroyed by the Ottoman Turks during their invasion of the Balkans in the 14th-15th century.
Information about the town during the Ottoman rule of Bulgaria is scarce, but it was the centre of a kaza under the name of Ortaköy in Edirne Province. Much of the Bulgarian population moved from the region due to organized robberies and internecine wars in the empire.
Despite the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878 and the Unification in 1886, the town remained a part of the Ottoman Empire until the Balkan Wars in 1912–1913 and suffered greatly from bashi-bazouk attacks.
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Izvorishte
Izvorishte is a village in the municipality of Burgas, in Burgas Province, in southeastern Bulgaria.
Coordinates: 42°40′N 27°27′E / 42.667°N 27.45°E / 42.667; 27.45
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Kableshkovo
Kableshkovo is a small town in the Pomorie Municipality, Bulgaria. As of 2005 the population is 2 866. A small but modern sports complex of PFC Naftex Burgas is under construction. It will include two football terrains and an attached hotel. A golf complex is also expected to be built till 2010, and is expected to be the biggest and most modern golf complex in the country.
Coordinates: 42°39′00″N 27°34′00″E / 42.65000001°N 27.5666666767°E / 42.65000001; 27.5666666767
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Kaliakra
Kaliakra (Bulgarian: Калиакра) is a long and narrow headland in the Southern Dobruja region of the northern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, located 12 km east of Kavarna and 60 km northeast of Varna. The coast is steep with vertical cliffs reaching 70 m down to the sea.
Kaliakra is a nature reserve, where dolphins, cormorants and pinnipeds can be observed. It also features the remnants of the fortified walls, water-main, baths and residence of Despot Dobrotitsa in the short-lived Principality of Karvuna's medieval capital. The Bolata Cove with a small sheltered beach lies just north at the mouth of a picturesque canyon, also part of the nature reserve.
The following names have been used for the headland and the fortress throughout their history:
The name "Kaliakra" is of Byzantine Greek origin. It is a combination of "καλός" ("beautiful") and "άκρα" ("headland" or "fortress") and is traditionally translated as "Beautiful Headland".
Kaliakra was the site of the naval Battle of Cape Kaliakra on 11 August 1791, part of the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792).
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Kalofer
Kalofer (Калофер) is a town in central Bulgaria, located on the banks of the Tundzha between the Balkan Mountains to the north and the Sredna Gora to the south. Kalofer is part of Plovdiv Province and the Karlovo municipality. It is best known as the birthplace of Bulgarian poet and revolutionary Hristo Botev.
The modern settlement of Kalofer emerged in the 16th century, managing to preserve its Bulgarian character in the Ottoman Empire and to develop as a centre of craftsmanship, primarily cord production. The Kalofer monastery has been in operation since 1640 and the convent since 1700. During the Bulgarian National Revival the town became a centre of revolutionary activity, being the birthplace of figures such as Hristo Botev, Exarch Joseph, Dimitar Panichkov, Nikola Ivanov.
Kalofer is located in the southern outskirts of Stara Planina. It is only 17 kilometers away from Karlovo,22 km away from Sopot, 56 km away from Plovdiv, 222 км away from Burgas, 300км away from varna and 164 км from the capital of BulgariaSofia.
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Kameno
Kameno (Bulgarian: Камено, pronounced [ˈkamɛnu]) is a small town in southeastern Bulgaria, part of Burgas Province. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Kameno Municipality, which lies in the central part of the Province. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 4,848 inhabitants.
The town has a community centre (chitalishte) opened in 1927 and named Prosveta ("Enlightenment"). Kameno lies close to the towns of Balgarovo and Burgas
Kameno municipality includes the following 13 places:
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Kaolinovo
Kaolinovo (Bulgarian: Каолиново, pronounced [kə.uˈlinuvu]) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Shumen Province. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Kaolinovo Municipality, which lies in the northern part of Shumen Province. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 1,538 inhabitants.
Kaolinovo was named after its main product: the municipality is rich in high-quality kaolin (china clay), with a mine and an ore dressing plant present. The reserves amount to 65 million tonnes.
Kaolinovo municipality includes the following 16 places:
Coordinates: 43°37′N 27°07′E / 43.617°N 27.117°E / 43.617; 27.117
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Kardzhali
Kardzhali (Bulgarian: Кърджали, Turkish: Kırcaali) is a town in Bulgaria, center of Kardzhali Municipality and Kardzhali Province in the Eastern Rhodopes. Near the town is the noted Kardzhali Dam.
Kardzhali is located in the low eastern part of Rhodope Mountains, on both banks of the river Arda between the Kardzhali Reservoir to the west and the Studen Kladenets Reservoir to the east. The town is 260 km (162 mi) southeast of Sofia. It has a crossroad position from Thrace to the Aegean Sea — part of European transportation route 9.
Kardzhali has a Humid continental climate according to the (Köppen Climate Classification). It is mainly dry all year round with the wettest month being December with just ten days of rainfall. The city has warm summers and cold winters.
The location of Kardzhali has been inhabited since the Neolithic. Many artifacts, comprising ceramics and primitive tools, have been found during the archaeological excavations. Most of them are now exhibited in the local historical museum.
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Karnobat
Karnobat (Bulgarian: Карнобат) is a town in the Burgas Province, Southeastern Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Karnobat Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 18,480 inhabitants.
Karnobat municipality is situated in the south-eastern part of Bulgaria, and it falls within the administrative boundaries of Burgas region. Rishki Passage links the municipality to north Bulgaria. The Karnobat-Aitos range of the Balkan Mountains is located in the northern part of the municipality. Hisar Hill raise to the south of the town of Karnobat. The territory of Karnobat municipality is 806 km2 (311 sq mi), 87.37% of which is agricultural land, 9.81% forest land and 2.82% residential areas.
The Karnobat region, located in front of the south approaches of the Rishki and Varbishki passes, features an ancient history, dating back to the Neolithic era. Villages and tumuli reveal traces of life from the Neolithic and the Iron Age, rich settlement life during the antiquity and Middle Ages.
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Karvuna
Kavarna (Bulgarian: Каварна) is a Black Sea coastal town and seaside resort in the Dobruja region of northeastern Bulgaria. It lies 64 km northeast of Varna and 49 km from Dobrich on the international road E87. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 11,397 inhabitants. A little yacht port, a fishing base, a spacious beach and a resort complex exist in the town. The landmark Cape Kaliakra is located a few kilometers to the east, as is the tony beachfront resort of Rusalka. Three 18-hole golf courses with villa communities and marinas are being developed nearby, two of the courses are designed by Gary Player and one by Ian Woosnam.
During the 2000s, the town became famous with the annual Kaliakra Rock Fest featuring famous rock bands from around the world.
With the Bulgarian conquest in the 7th century AD, the name Karvuna replaced the similarly-sounding ancient Greek Krounoi as the then name of the neighboring modern town of Balchik; the names Karvunska Hora and Principality of Karvuna were related to that town, which was also mentioned on 14th-century Italian portolan charts with the Italianized form Carbona.
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Kaspichan
Kaspichan (Bulgarian: Каспичан) is a town in central northeastern Bulgaria, part of Shumen Province. It is located in the eastern Danubian Plain, some 70 km from the major Black Sea port Varna and around 120 km from the key Danube ports of Rousse and Silistra. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 3,260 inhabitants.
Kaspichan is an important railway and highway junction linking Varna and Sofia, both through a railway line and the Hemus motorway.
Kaspichan is the administrative centre of Kaspichan municipality (part of Shumen Province), which includes the following nine places with a total population of 9,822 (as of 2005):
Kaspichan Point on Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Kaspichan.
The Kaspichan railway station, an important junction in the Bulgarian northeast
Ruins of the early medieval city of Pliska, the first Bulgarian capital
Central Kaspichan
Police station
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Kavarna
Kavarna (Bulgarian: Каварна) is a Black Sea coastal town and seaside resort in the Dobruja region of northeastern Bulgaria. It lies 64 km northeast of Varna and 49 km from Dobrich on the international road E87. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 11,397 inhabitants. A little yacht port, a fishing base, a spacious beach and a resort complex exist in the town. The landmark Cape Kaliakra is located a few kilometers to the east, as is the tony beachfront resort of Rusalka. Three 18-hole golf courses with villa communities and marinas are being developed nearby, two of the courses are designed by Gary Player and one by Ian Woosnam.
During the 2000s, the town became famous with the annual Kaliakra Rock Fest featuring famous rock bands from around the world.
With the Bulgarian conquest in the 7th century AD, the name Karvuna replaced the similarly-sounding ancient Greek Krounoi as the then name of the neighboring modern town of Balchik; the names Karvunska Hora and Principality of Karvuna were related to that town, which was also mentioned on 14th-century Italian portolan charts with the Italianized form Carbona.
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Kazanlak
Kazanlak, formerly Kazanlık (Bulgarian: Казанлъ̀к, alternative transliterations include Kazanlǎk, Kazanlâk, Kazanluk) is a Bulgarian town in Stara Zagora Province, located in the middle of the plain of the same name, at the foot of the Balkan mountain range, at the eastern end of the Rose Valley. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Kazanlak Municipality.
The town is among the 15 biggest industrial centres in Bulgaria, with a population of 49,506 people as of December 2009.
It is the center of rose oil extraction in Bulgaria and the oil-producing rose of Kazanlak is one of the most widely recognizable national symbols.
The oldest settlement in the area of the modern-day city dates back to the Neolithic era (6th-5th millennium BOT). During the 4th-3rd centuries BOT the lands on the upper Tundzha river were within the dominion of the Thracian ruler Seuthes III and took an important place in the historical development of Thrace during the Hellenistic era. The Thracian city of Seuthopolis was uncovered near Kazanlak and thoroughly studied at the time of the construction of the Koprinka Reservoir. In the 4th century BOT, near the ancient Thracian capital of Seuthopolis and close to the city, a magnificent Thracian tomb was built. Consisting of a vaulted brickwork "beehive" (tholos) tomb, it contains, among other things, painted murals representing a Thracian couple at a ritual funeral feast. The tomb was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979.
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Kermen
Kermen (Bulgarian: Кермен) is a small town in the Sliven Province, eastern Bulgaria. As of 2006[update] it has 2,042 inhabitants.
Kermen Peninsula on Robert Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named for Kermen.
Coordinates: 42°30′N 26°15′E / 42.5°N 26.25°E / 42.5; 26.25
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Kilifarevo
Kilifarevo (Bulgarian: Килифарево) is a small town in central northern Bulgaria, administratively part of Veliko Tarnovo municipality, Veliko Tarnovo Province. Previously a village, it was proclaimed a town in 1973.
Ruins and remains are proof ot the presence of civilization in the neighbouring area since the times of the Thracians. A fortress which guarded a pass through the Balkan Mountains existed nearby during the Roman Empire. During the Second Bulgarian Empire and more precisely the rule of Ivan Alexander (1331–1371), Kilifarevo was a centre of literary activity and the site of Theodosius of Tarnovo's school and monastery which actively promoted the spiritual practice of hesychasm.
Upon Bulgaria's conquest by the Ottoman Empire, the monastery was besieged, captured and razed by the invading Ottomans. It was later reconstructed and still exists today. During the Ottoman rule, Kilifarevo was the birthplace of Velcho Atanasov the Glazier, who organized the Velchova zavera (Велчова завера), an unsuccessful uprising against the Ottomans, in 1835.
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Klisura (Bulgaria)
Klisura (Bulgarian: Клисура, "gorge") is a small town in the Karlovo municipality of the Plovdiv Province in central Bulgaria. It is situated in a valley surrounded by the Balkan Mountain range and Sredna Gora. As of 2005, its population has numbered 1,478 people and it is located 105 km to the east of Sofia, 35 km west of Karlovo and 25 km northeast of Koprivshtitsa.
The name of Klisura has traditionally been associated with the heroism of its inhabitants during the April Uprising. The then-village was a centre of the revolution and Borimechkata ("the man who struggles a bear") who lived in the village was one of its leaders. The spirit of the rebels can be felt up to the present day. Places of main interest are the Church of St Nicholas, the local Historical Museum, and historic homes such as Chervenakov's house, Pavurdzhiev's house, Kozinarov's house, etc. Klisura is the birthplace of Hristo G. Danov, the founder of the first Bulgarian printing house in Plovdiv.
One and a half kilometres away from Klisura is located a historical place called Zli dol ("Evil glen") where tourists can find the motor tourism complex of the Union of the Bulgarian Drivers. The complex includes 15 small houses with total of circa 60 beds, a restaurant, a bar, a playground, tennis, volleyball and basketball courts, an equestrian place with superb horses and a guarded car park.
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Knezha
Knezha (Bulgarian: Кнежа, pronounced [knɛˈʒa]) is a town in Pleven Province, Northern Bulgaria. It is the administrative center of the homonymous Knezha Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 11,191 inhabitants.
The town's name is most probably derived from the Slavic word knyaz ("prince, duke"), most likely after a local ruler that defended the population in the area during the Ottoman rule of Bulgaria. Knezha is the third-largest town in the province, after Pleven and Cherven Bryag, and is the administrative centre of a municipality.
A local landmark is the 17-metre (56 ft) steel Christian cross constructed on a hill overlooking the town. The cross' construction was financed entirely by donations. It has luminescent lighting bodies attached to it and is illuminated in blue at night. The cross is similar to the larger Millennium Cross above Skopje. Knezha also has a historical museum and an amateur theatre performing in the local community centre (chitalishte). The Institute on Maize of the Agricultural Academy is based in Knezha; it was founded in 1924.
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Kocherinovo
Kocherinovo (Bulgarian: Кочериново, pronounced [kutʃɛˈrinuvu]) is a town in southwestern Bulgaria, part of Kyustendil Province. It is the administrative centre of Kocherinovo municipality, which lies in the southern part of Kyustendil Province.
Kocherinovo is located 100 kilometres south of Sofia, 8 kilometres north of Blagoevgrad and 2 kilometres off European route E79, on the way to the Rila Monastery. In the 1930s, famous Bulgarian poet Nikola Vaptsarov worked in a Kocherinovo factory as a stoker and a technician.
The town's name stems from the dialectal word kocherina, a derivative of kocher, "pigsty, section of a shed". It is related to the placename Kočerin near Široki Brijeg, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kocherovo near Gotse Delchev. The name was first mentioned in 1878. In 1974, Kocherinovo was proclaimed a town.
Kocherinovo municipality has an area of 181 square kilometres and includes the following 13 places:
Coordinates: 42°5′N 23°4′E / 42.083°N 23.067°E / 42.083; 23.067
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Kostandovo
Kostandovo (Bulgarian: Костандово) is a small town in the Pazardzhik Province, southern Bulgaria. As of 2010, it has 4342 inhabitants. It gained its town status in 2005. It is located in the Rhodope Mountains close to the Batak Dam and the town of Rakitovo.
Template:Kostandovo Coordinates: 42°0′N 24°1′E / 42°N 24.017°E / 42; 24.017
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Kostenets
Kostenets (Bulgarian: Костенец) is a town in Sofia Province in southwestern Bulgaria, and the administrative centre of the Kostenets Municipality (which also contains a separate village of Kostenets). The town is situated at the foot of Rila Mountain, about 70 km (43 mi) southeast of the city of Sofia.
The average monthly and annual air temperature at daylight varies from minus 4.2îÑ (January) to 16.1îÑ (July). The abundance of mineral springs is one of the special characteristics of the region. The spa resort of Momin Prohod is proved specialized centre for rehabilitation and recreation and attracts many visitors. The spa resorts Villas Kostenets, Pchelinski bani, and the village of Kostenets are near the town.
The favourable climatic factors, the unique combination of the thermal mineral water resources with the immediate proximity to the resort of Borovets and the country's capital, and the natural and historical sights provide a potential for all-the-year-round tourism, recreation and sport.
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Kostinbrod
Kostinbrod (Bulgarian: Костинброд) is a town in western Bulgaria. It is located 15 km west of the capital city of Sofia. It is located on two important transport corridors: Lom — Sofia — Thessaloniki and Sofia — Belgrade. The international railway line to Western Europe passes through the municipality, with a train stop at Kostinbrod Station.
The town is crossed by two rivers, the Blato in the north and the Belitsa in the south, both tributaries of the Iskar River.
According to the legends, the town was founded by a certain Kosta, who settled near the crossing (брод, brod) of the Belitsa, thus giving the name to the town (Kostinbrod means "Kosta's ford"). There he opened a pub that became popular among the merchants arriving in the capital, some of them settling and organizing a village, whose centre of the time is now located west of the road between Sofia and Lom. Historically, an early reference to the locality (as КОСТИНЪ БРОДЪ) can be found in Tsar Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria's Oryahov Charter of 1 December 1348.
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Kotel, Bulgaria
Kotel (Bulgarian: Котел, "cauldron") is a town in central Bulgaria, part of Sliven Province. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Kotel Municipality. As of december 2009, the town has a population of 6,232 inhabitants.
Kotel is known for the numerous personalities of the Bulgarian National Revival that are somehow connected to the town, such as politicians Alexander Bogoridi and Stefan Bogoridi, enlighteners Sophronius of Vratsa and Petar Beron, public figure Gavril Krastevich, revolutionary Georgi Rakovski, as well as World War II prime minister Dobri Bozhilov. It has a well-known music school and a large talented Roma population who can be found playing in restaurants and orchestras all over Bulgaria. Because of its situation in the mountains Kotel is also a popular healthy resort for the cure of diseases such as TB. Kotel has been a center for carpet making and there is a museum devoted to the craft.
Kotel was settled during the beginning of the Ottoman occupation of Bulgaria, when people fled from neighboring cities and towns.
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Kozloduy
Kozloduy (Bulgarian: Козлодуй) is a town of 13,871 inhabitants in northwest Bulgaria, located in Vratsa Province, on the river Danube. The city was liberated from Ottoman rule on 23 November 1877 by the Romanian Army under the command of the Imperial Russian Army. Kozloduy is best known for the Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant, Bulgaria's only (as of January 2011) nuclear power plant, which is situated nearby, as well as the second largest Bulgarian Danubian island, Kozloduy Island. The city is also famous for the "Radetski" ship, the boat in which the poet/revolutionary Hristo Botev and with 200 others crossed the Danube River in a final attempt to gather an army and liberate Bulgaria from the Ottoman Empire.
The earliest official data shows that Kozloduy was populated in the 1500s. It is in the burial mounds where traces of a Thracian dwelling center that existed in the first millennium B.C. remain[citation needed]. Later on the big Roman roadway along the Danube passed through these places. The remains of the Roman castella (i.e. castles) Magura piatra (or Regianum), Camistrum and Augusta testify to this. In this region there are three historic trenches which were later called Lomski, Ostrovski and Kozloduiski where a military garrison of Khan Asparukh was placed.
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Krasnodar
Krasnodar (Russian: Краснода́р; IPA: [krəsnɐˈdar]) is a city in Southern Russia, located on the Kuban River about 148 kilometers (92 mi) northeast of the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk. It is the administrative center of Krasnodar Krai (also known as Kuban). Population: 744,933 (2010 Census preliminary results); 646,175 (2002 Census); 620,516 (1989 Census).
It was founded on January 12, 1794 (Gregorian calendar) as Yekaterinodar (Екатеринода́р). The original name meant "Catherine's Gift" simultaneously in recognition of Catherine the Great's grant of land in the Kuban region to the Black Sea Cossacks (later the Kuban Cossacks) and in recognition of Saint Catherine, the Martyr, who is considered to be the patron of the city. After the October Revolution, Yekaterinodar was renamed Krasnodar (December 1920). There is meaning for the new communist name of the city: Krasno- (Красно-), meaning 'red' (especially relevant considering the political atmosphere of the time); and -dar (-дар), meaning 'gift'. Thus, the city's name means red gift (i.e. 'gift of the reds').
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Kresna
Kresna (Bulgarian: Кресна) is a town and municipality in Blagoevgrad Province in Bulgaria.
It is located in the southwestern part of Bulgaria.
The town of Kresna lies at the north end of the Kresna Gorge of the Struma River at the foot of Pirin mountain. The Melo hills are striking sandstone formations. There are also larger sandstone hills near Melnik. The old name of Kresna is Pirin.
Kresna lies on the E-79, which leads from Sofia to the Greek border.
Kresna Gully on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Kresna.
Coordinates: 41°44′N 23°9′E / 41.733°N 23.15°E / 41.733; 23.15
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Krichim
Krichim (Bulgarian: Кричим) is a town in southern Bulgaria, located in the southwestern part of Plovdiv Province close to Perushtitsa. It lies at the foot of the Rhodopes' northern slopes in the plains of Thrace, 20 km southwest of Plovdiv. The river Vacha, an important tributary of the Maritsa, runs through the town. Krichim is the only place in Krichim municipality.
Inhabited since Early Byzantine times as evidenced by the remains of two ancient fortresses on both banks of the river in the beginning of its gorge, Krichim was contested by the Byzantine Empire and the Bulgarian Empire during most of the Middle Ages. It was conquered by Tsar Ivan Asen II in 1230 and a stone inscription from this period is preserved, saying 'On this stone sat Tsar Asen, when he conquered Krichim'.
During the early Bulgarian National Revival, the village was one of the few in the region to have a monastery school. Two monasteries, one of the Holy Theotokos and one of St Vrach, worked during the Ottoman rule and helped preserve the Bulgarian culture and language.
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Krumovgrad
Krumovgrad (Bulgarian: Крумовград, Turkish: Koşukavak) is a town in Kardzhali Province in the very south of Bulgaria, located in the Eastern Rhodopes on the banks of the river Krumovitsa. The majority of its population consists of ethnic Turks. The town is named after the successful medieval Bulgarian ruler Krum, the name meaning 'city of Krum' in Bulgarian.
Krumovgrad is also the seat of Krumovgrad municipality (part of Kardzhali Province), which includes the following 78 villages:
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Kubrat (town)
Kubrat (Bulgarian: Кубрат; Turkish: Balbunar) is a town in Razgrad Province, Northeastern Bulgaria, part of the Ludogorie region. Named after the Bulgar ruler Kubrat, it is the administrative centre of the homonymous Kubrat Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 8,118 inhabitants.
A notable native is famous singer Lili Ivanova. The population is ethnically mixed where the two main groups are the Bulgarians and the Turks.
The first documented mention of the city is from 1624, while the legend says it was founded in the 15th century. During the Ottoman rule of Bulgaria, it was known as Balbunar ("copper well") in Turkish, as the town was centred around the Copper Well that is now the town square. A primary school was founded in 1890 and the Cyril and Methodius community centre (chitalishte) followed on 4 May 1891. The then village acquired its present name in 1934 and was proclaimed a town in 1949.
An influx of investment has come from Bulgarians and other nationals since EU accession in 2007 leading to a boost to the local economy. The town is now serviced by over 5 builders merchants which is an indication of the expansion and renovation that is currently going on in the area.[citation needed]
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Kuklen
Kuklen (Bulgarian: Куклен) is a town in southern Bulgaria, part of Plovdiv Province. It is located 14 km to the south of the nearest major town, Plovdiv, and is approximately 100 km south west of the Bulgarian capital, Sofia. Kuklen was proclaimed a town on 23 May 2006 and as of 2005[update] had a population of 6,877.
Kuklen is notable for having, despite its low population, not only a majority Bulgarian Orthodox population with several Orthodox churches, but also Muslim residents and a mosque, as well as a Greek Catholic community and a Catholic place of worship, with all three religious communities living on good terms with each other.[1]
Kuklen Point on Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands is named after Kuklen.
Coordinates: 42°02′N 24°47′E / 42.033°N 24.783°E / 42.033; 24.783
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Kula, Bulgaria
Kula (Bulgarian: Кула, "tower") is a town in northwestern Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of Kula Municipality part of Vidin Province. Located just east of the Serbian-Bulgarian border, it is the third largest town in the province after Vidin and Belogradchik. Kula lies 30 kilometres west of Vidin and 13 kilometres east of the border checkpoint at Vrashka Chuka. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 3,287 inhabitants.
Kula is the location of the Late Roman fortress of Castra Martis, the ruins of which can still be seen today. The town has a museum exhibiting various tools and everyday items found in the fortress, as well as a miniature model of the Roman town. The most important local industry is the rubber and plastic processing factory.
Castra Martis Hill on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after the fortress of Castra Martis.
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Kyustendil
Coordinates: 42°17′N 22°41′E / 42.283°N 22.683°E / 42.283; 22.683
Kyustendil (Bulgarian: Кюстендил, historically Bulgarian: Велбъжд, Velbazhd) is a town in the far west of Bulgaria, the capital of Kyustendil Province, with a population of 44 416 (2011 census). Kyustendil is situated in the southern part of the Kyustendil Valley, 90 km southwest of Sofia. It was named after the medieval lord of the surrounding region, Constantine Dragaš.
Kyustendil is a national balneological resort at an altitude of 500 metres. The ancient name of the town, Pautalia (a town of springs) is Thracian.
There are more than 40 mineral springs in the town. The waters have a high content of sulfite compounds. These are used for the treatment of the locomotory system, gynecological and other kinds of diseases. The resort region includes several baths, balneological complexes and others.
Kyustendil is located at the foot of the Osogovo mountain, on both banks of the Banska River and is a well-known centre of balneology and fruit growing. The town is 90 kilometres southwest of Sofia, 69 km northwest of Blagoevgrad and 22 km from the border with the Republic of Macedonia and Serbia. The fortress was built by the Romans. Thermae, basilicas, floor mosaics have been uncovered.
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Laki, Bulgaria
Coordinates: 41°50′N 24°50′E / 41.833°N 24.833°E / 41.833; 24.833Laki (Bulgarian: Лъки) is a small town in the Plovdiv Province, southern Bulgaria. As of 2006 it has 2,615 inhabitants. It is located in the Rhodope mountains at 54 km to the south of the province capital Plovdiv and at 88 to the north of Smolyan. There is a lead-zinc flotation factory, several textile plants and timber workshops.
The municipality of Laki covers an area of 290,5 km², 70% of which are covered with lush, dense forests. The mountain surroundings offer some magnificent views, including several gorges. The woods are rich in wildlife and differents sorts of berries. There several protected sites. The municipality is rich in lead and zinc ores and mining is the backbone of the economy, employing 1/3 of the working population. With its 3,555 inhabitants, Laki is among the smallest municipalities in the province.
List of villages in the municipality:
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Letnitsa
Letnitsa (Bulgarian: Летница, also transliterated Letnitza, Letnica) is a town in central northern Bulgaria, part of Lovech Province. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Letnitsa Municipality and lies in the northeastern part of the province, close to the town of Levski. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 3,739 inhabitants.
Letnitsa municipality includes the following four places:
Letnitsa Glacier on Smith Island, South Shetland Islands is named after Letnitsa.
Coordinates: 42°26′N 25°39′E / 42.433°N 25.65°E / 42.433; 25.65
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Livingston Island
Livingston Island (historical Russian name Smolensk, 62°36′S 60°30′W / 62.6°S 60.5°W / -62.6; -60.5) is an Antarctic island in the South Shetland Islands, Western Antarctica lying between Greenwich Island and Snow Islands. This island was known to sealers as early as 1819, and the name Livingston, although of unknown derivation, has been well established in international usage since the 1820s.
Livingston is situated in the Southern Ocean 110 km (68 mi) to the northwest of Cape Roquemaurel on the Antarctic mainland, 809.4 km (503 mi) to the south-southeast of Cape Horn in South America, 820 km (510 mi) to the southeast of the Diego Ramirez Islands (the southernmost land of South America), 1,000 km (621 mi) due south of the Falkland Islands, 1,600 km (994 mi) to the southwest of South Georgia Island, and 3,000 km (1,864 mi) from the South Pole.
The island is part of the South Shetlands archipelago, an islands chain extending over 500 km (311 mi) in east-northeast to west-southwest direction, and separated from the nearby Antarctic Peninsula by Bransfield Strait, and from South America by the Drake Passage. The South Shetlands cover a total land area of 3,687 km2 (1,424 sq mi) comprising (from east to west) Clarence Island, Elephant Island, King George Island, Nelson Island, Robert Island, Greenwich Island, Livingston Island, Deception Island, Snow Island, Low Island and Smith Island, as well as numerous smaller islets and rocks.
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Lom, Bulgaria
Lom (Bulgarian: Лом) is a town in northwestern Bulgaria, part of Montana Province, situated on the right bank of the Danube, close to the estuary of the Lom River. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Lom Municipality. The town is 162 km north of Sofia, 56 km southeast of Vidin, 50 km north of Montana and 42 km west of Kozloduy. It is the second most important Bulgarian port on the Danube after Rousse. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 24,300 inhabitants.
Lom was founded by the Thracians under the name of Artanes in Antiquity. After them the Romans called the fortress and the town Almus, from where the name of the today's city and of the Lom River comes.
There are no reports proving that there existed a big settlement in the Middle Ages. It was not until Ottoman rule that it enlarged but for a long time it was under the shadow of the dominant towns of Vidin, Nikopol and Silistra. It is assumed that the Ottoman village was founded in 1695 by Kara Mustafa and Murad Bey, who were defeated at Vienna in 1683 and who came here sailing rafts along the Danube.
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London, England
Londoni/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City and has the fifth-largest city GDP in the world (and the largest in Europe). London has been described as a world cultural capital. It was the world's most visited city during 2011 and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.
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Lovech
Lovech (Bulgarian: Ловеч) is a town in north-central Bulgaria with a population of 36,296 as of February 2011. It is the administrative centre of the Lovech Province and of the subordinate Lovech Municipality. The town is located about 150 km northeast from the capital city of Sofia. Near Lovech are the towns of Pleven, Troyan and Teteven.
Lovech is situated in the Forebalkan area of northern Bulgaria, on both sides of the river Osam, and unifies both mountainous and plain relief. The eastern part of the town is surrounded by a 250 m high plateau, where the largest park in Lovech, Stratesh, is located, and the southwestern part is surrounded by the hills Hisarya and Bash Bunar. In the northwest the relief gradually changes to the plains of the neighbouring Pleven Province. The average altitude of Lovech is about 200 m above mean sea level. The highest point of the town is Akbair Hill at 450 m.
Lovech has a beautiful location, with many parks and places to rest. In Stratesh Park, the highest place in the town, there are a great number of lilac bushes, easily seen from the whole town, which are a wonderful view in the spring. Due to this, Lovech is well known as the town of the lilacs.
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Loznitsa
Loznitsa (Bulgarian: Лозница, pronounced [lɔznit͡sə]; also transliterated Loznica or Loznitza; Turkish: Kubadın) is a small town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Razgrad Province, located in the geographic region of Ludogorie. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Loznitsa Municipality, which lies in the southernmost part of the Province. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 2,409 inhabitants.
In Antiquity, Thracians Romans and Byzantines inhabited the area; there are also traces of a Bulgarian settlement dating to the 7th-11th century, the time of the First Bulgarian Empire. The old Ottoman Turkish name of Loznitsa was Kubadın and it was first mentioned in a register in 1573. Around the time of the Liberation of Bulgaria, present Loznitsa was a village of 66 households according to Russian data. In the early 20th century, Bulgarians from the Balkan Mountains settled in the village. A school was built in 1908, and the local community centre (chitalishte) Probuda was founded in 1912.
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Lukovit
Lukovit (Bulgarian: Луковит) is a town in northern Bulgaria, part of Lovech Province. It is situated on both banks of the Zlatna Panega between the Danubian Plain and the foot of Stara Planina. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 9,630 inhabitants.
The town was first mentioned in Ottoman registers of 1430. In 1495, it had 47 households. Between 1683 and 1687, Lukovit was part of an Ottoman process of forceful Islamization, but was not fully Islamized, having 250 Muslim Bulgarian and 260 Eastern Orthodox households in 1860. After the Liberation of Bulgaria, all the Muslims moved out.
Lukovit Point on Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands is named after Lukovit. The local football team is Botev Lukovit
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Lyaskovets
Lyaskovets (Bulgarian: Лясковец) is a town in central northern Bulgaria, located in Veliko Tarnovo Province, 10 km northeast of Veliko Tarnovo, 2 km southeast of Gorna Oryahovitsa and 5 km south of the Yantra River, north of the Balkan Mountains. Its name comes from the word leska ('hazel') or leshnik ('hazelnut'), because the tree was abundant in the area. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 8,277 inhabitants.
Lyaskovets Peak, in the sub-Antarctic, is named after the town.
The area around the town has been inhabited since the 4th millennium BC, but grew as an important Bulgarian settlement in the Middle Ages, during the Second Bulgarian Empire, because of its proximity to the capital fortress of Veliko Tarnovo. The SS Peter and Paul Monastery helped its development as a religious centre, and Lyaskovets took the form of five neighbourhoods named after their respective churches (for which the town is still famous): St Athanasius, St Basil, St George, St Demetrius and St Nicholas. These neighbourhoods were established at different time by settlers, and grew to merge as one.
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Lyubimets
Lyubimets (Bulgarian: Любимец) is a small town in Haskovo Province, southern-central Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Lyubimets Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 7,670 inhabitants.
The town's nearest neighbour is Svilengrad. It is positioned near the Greek and Turkish borders, and has an international TIR trucking road travel past it. Lyubimets has some agricultural, industrial, and commercial industries as well as a small tourist industry. The main tourist attraction is the rue du fromage located just outside the town to the west. The peak tourist season is May through September but is open all year round, and some say best seen at night. Former name of her was Habibchevo (Habibçeova for Turkish).
Lyubimets is the seat of Lyubimets municipality (part of Haskovo Province), which, in addition to Lyubimets, includes the following 9 villages:
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Madzharovo
Madzharovo (Bulgarian: Маджарово, formerly Dupnitsa) is a small Bulgarian town in the Eastern Rhodopes, part of Haskovo Province, situated on the banks of the river Arda. It has a population of only 590, as of December 2009, making it one of the smallest in the country. The town is the administrative centre of the homonymous Madzharovo Municipality.
Madzharovo is where the only vulture reserve in Bulgaria is located, with three species inhabiting the area.
The town was named after the Thracian Bulgarian revolutionary Dimitar Madzharov (1882–1949). Its name before 1912 was Yatadzhik (Turkish: Yatacık or Yatakçık which was "small bed" in Turkish).
Madzharovo Point on Anvers Island in Antarctica is named after Madzharovo.
Coordinates: 41°38′N 25°52′E / 41.633°N 25.867°E / 41.633; 25.867
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Maglizh
Maglizh (Bulgarian: Мъглиж) is a town in Stara Zagora Province, South-central Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Maglizh Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 3,426 inhabitants.
Maglizh Rocks off Smith Island, South Shetland Islands are named after Maglizh.
Coordinates: 42°36′N 25°33′E / 42.6°N 25.55°E / 42.6; 25.55
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Malko Tarnovo
Malko Tarnovo (Bulgarian: Малко Търново; "Little Tarnovo", as opposed to Veliko Tarnovo) is a town in Burgas Province, Southeastern Bulgaria, located 5 km away from the Turkish border. It is the only town in the interior of the Bulgarian Strandzha Mountains. Malko Tarnovo is the administrative centre of the homonymous Malko Tarnovo Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 2,449 inhabitants.
Christianity is the dominant religion in the town, where an Eastern Orthodox and an Eastern Rite Catholic church exist. According to Lyubomir Miletich's demographic survey of the Ottoman province of Edirne in The Destruction of Thracian Bulgarians in 1913, published in 1918, before the wars Malko Tarnovo was a district centre inhabited by 1,200 Bulgarian Exarchist families and 80 Eastern Catholic Bulgarian families.
Prior to the Balkan Wars (1912–1913), Malko Tarnovo was a township (kaza) of the Kırklareli sanjak in Edirne vilayet as "Tırnovacık", and was ceded to Bulgaria following the wars.
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Marinka (village)
Marinka (village) is a village in the municipality of Burgas, in Burgas Province, in southeastern Bulgaria.
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Merichleri
Merichleri — (Bulgarian: Меричлери) — is a small town located in the Dimitrovgrad Municipality of Haskovo Province, within South-central Bulgaria.
It is located near the Maritsa River, at 150 metres (490 ft) in altitude. The population of the town was 2,011 residents, in 2006.
There are mineral springs in the locale, of healing and spa importance since the ancient Thracians. The mineral water is mainly characterized as moderately mineralized hyper-thermal, and was used in ancient Greek and Thracian natural medicine for treatment of diseases and poisoning. The contemporary natural medicine balneology resort facility is near the town center.
The artist Dan Tenev created a huge Land art sculptural installation in Merichleri, titled "Numerical Rows". It was completed in 2010.
Coordinates: 42°08′N 25°30′E / 42.133°N 25.5°E / 42.133; 25.5
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Mezdra
Mezdra (Bulgarian: Мездра) is a town in northwestern Bulgaria, part of Vratsa Province. It is located on the left bank of the Iskar River just north of its gorge through the Balkan Mountains.
Although the area around it has been inhabited continuously since prehistoric times, Mezdra remained a small village of 86 residents (1881 census) and continued to decline (76 residents in 1888) until 1893, when the construction of the Sofia-Roman railway began, with workers from all around the country arriving to update the infrastructure. As the village became an important railway junction with the opening of the railway on 20 February 1897, its population grew substantially. Mezdra had a population of 311 in 1900 and 1,015 in 1920.
Although it formally remained a village until proclaimed a town on 31 August 1950, Mezdra acquired the appearance of a small town through the work of architects who studied in Western Europe and established the Western European style in the village.
Today, Mezdra is a town of approximately 10,896 residents and serves as a vital rail link between Sofia and northern/western regions of Bulgaria (including the Sofia-Varna route, linking the capital with Bulgaria's 3rd largest city and popular Black Sea destination). Industries include stone cutting, brickmaking and beer production.
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Mirolyubovo
Mirolyubovo is a village in the municipality of Burgas, in Burgas Province, in southeastern Bulgaria.
Coordinates: 42°39′N 27°22′E / 42.65°N 27.367°E / 42.65; 27.367
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Momchilgrad
Momchilgrad (Bulgarian: Момчилград, "the town of Momchil"; Turkish: Mestanlı), is a town in the very south of Bulgaria, part of Kardzhali Province in the southern part of the Eastern Rhodopes. According to the 2011 census, Momchilgrad is the largest Bulgarian settlement with a Turkish majority (75% of the total).
Notable natives include Petar Stoychev (b. 1976), the fastest swimmer across the English Channel as of 2010, table tennis player and coach Daniela Gergelcheva (b. 1964), Turkish weightlifter Naim Süleymanoğlu (b. 1967) and singer Zdravko Zhelyazkov from the Riton pop duet.
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Momin Prohod
Coordinates: 42°20′N 023°52′E / 42.333°N 23.867°E / 42.333; 23.867
Momin Prohod (Bulgarian: Момин проход) is located in western Bulgaria and is part of the Kostenets Municipality in the Sofia Province, about 70 km (43 mi) from city of Sofia. In 2006 it obtained administrative autonomy and the status of town (град).
It is a health resort and spa in southwest part of Sredna Gora mountain. The resort is an important therapeutic and rehabilitation centre for several diseases. The water of Momin Prohod is second to that of the Narechenski Bani spa in its radioactivity. Third in Europe, and 25th in the world.
Its fame owes to the achievements of the local specialists in the healing of diseases of the respiratory, the cardiovascular, the nervous and the digestive systems, of metabolic and different kinds of allergic conditions.
Specialists have provided the favourable influence of the rich in radon mineral waters on diseases of the cardiovascular system. What is more, some ten years ago, they developed and presently successfully apply a methodology for the treatment of pulmonary diseases and hypertonia, including a complex of taking mineral vane, inhalation and negative ionization in rooms specially equipped for that purpose. For years on end curement of post poliomyelitis conditions of children is practised here.
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Montana, Bulgaria
Montana (Bulgarian: Монтана) is a city in northwestern Bulgaria, located 50 km south of Danube river, 40 km northwest of Vratsa and 30 km east of the Serbian border. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Montana Province. As of February 2011, the town has a population of 43,324 inhabitants.
When the town was first settled by Slavs it was known as Kutlovitsa; later in Ottoman Turkish as Kutlofça. The town was renamed Ferdinand in 1890, receiving the benevolence of Bulgarian Knyaz Ferdinand and a city status. In 1945, communist authorities changed the town's name to Hristo Mihaylov after red party activist Hristo Mihaylov (died 1944), a leader of the 1923 September Uprising in the region. A year later the name was changed to Mihaylovgrad. In 1993, after a presidential decree, the town received the name Montana, inspired by the name of the nearby Roman settlement.
Montana is situated on the river Ogosta, north of Stara Planina, surrounded on the south and east by uplands.
The climate is temperate continental, with a cold winter and hot summer. The average temperature is -2°C in January and 25°C in July. In the last 15–20 years, temperatures reaching up to 35-40°C in the summer are not uncommon.
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Netherlands
The Netherlands (i/ˈnɛðərləndz/; Dutch: Nederland [ˈneːdə(r)lɑnt] or [ˈneɪ̯də(r)lɑnt] (
listen); West Frisian: Nederlân; Papiamento: Hulanda) is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with some islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders with Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom. It is a parliamentary democracy organised as a unitary state. The country capital is Amsterdam and the seat of government is The Hague. The Netherlands in its entirety is often referred to as Holland, although North and South Holland are actually only two of its twelve provinces (a case of pars pro toto; see terminology of "the Netherlands").
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Nikolaevo
Nikolaevo (Bulgarian: Николаево) is a small town in Stara Zagora Province, South-central Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Nikolaevo Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 2,872 inhabitants.
Coordinates: 42°38′00″N 25°48′00″E / 42.6333333433°N 25.80000001°E / 42.6333333433; 25.80000001
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Nikopol, Bulgaria
Coordinates: 43°42′N 24°54′E / 43.7°N 24.9°E / 43.7; 24.9
Nikopol (Bulgarian: Никопол; historically Turkish: Niğbolu, Greek: Νικόπολις, Nikopolis, Hungarian: Nikápoly, Latin: Nicopolis) is a town in northern Bulgaria, the administrative center of Nikopol municipality, part of Pleven Province, on the right bank of the Danube river, 4 km downstream from the mouth of the Osam river. It spreads at the foot of steep chalk cliffs along the Danube and up a narrow valley. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 3,892 inhabitants.
In Roman times, it was a village in the province of Moesia, first mentioned in 169. After the decline of the Roman Empire, the town turned out to be located at the northern border of the Byzantine Empire. In 1059, it was named Nicopolis, Greek for "City of Victory". During most of the Middle Ages, it was part of the Bulgarian Empire. After the fall of Tarnovo in 1393, the last Bulgarian Tsar Ivan Shishman defended what remained of the Empire from the fortress of Nikopol, where he was captured after the town was conquered by the Ottomans in 1395. Nikopol is therefore sometimes considered the capital of Bulgaria during these two years. It was the site of the Battle of Nicopolis, the last large-scale crusade of the Middle Ages, in 1396. At the fortress of Nicopolis, the united armies of Christian Europe headed by Hungarian king Sigismund and various French kinghts were defeated by the Ottomans under Bayezid I and his Serbian ally Stefan Lazarević.
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Nova Zagora
Nova Zagora (Bulgarian: Нова Загора) is a town located in the southeastern plains of Bulgaria in Sliven Province. It is the administrative centre of Nova Zagora Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 23,625 inhabitants, while the entire municipality (including surrounding villages) has a population of 45,111.
The first traces of life in the region date back thousands of years. Many archeological sites are located in the region, showing settlements dating back to the Stone Age and the Stone-Copper age (Eneolithic). The most prominent archeological site is in the nearby village of Karanovo. The Nova Zagora Historical Museum has many historically significant artifacts dating back to this era.
The region is very fertile, growing a wide range of produce including grapes, sunflowers and cereals. The municipality has a manufacturing base including machine tools producer ZMM Ltd., agriculture equipment maker Perla Ltd., and textile manufacturer Miroglio Ltd.
Nova Zagora is located on the main Sofia-Plovdiv-Burgas railroad, as well as the Trakia Highway that runs from Sofia to Burgas. It is 35 km east of Stara Zagora and 30 km west of Sliven. The Nova Zagora Municipality is part of the Sliven administrative district.
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Novi Iskar
Novi Iskar (Bulgarian: Нови Искър) is a town in Western Bulgaria, located in Sofia City Province, which is a part of the Municipality of Sofia(the capital of Bulgaria). It is often regarded as a northern suburb of Bulgarian capital Sofia and lies in the northern part of the Sofia Valley, with the Iskar Gorge beginning just north of the town.
Town of Novi Iskar was formed through in May 1974 after the merging of the villages Aleksandar Voykov, Gnilyane and Kurilo. The village of Aleksandar Voykov being the result of the merging of Kumaritsa and Slavovtsi Districts in 1955.
Nowadays town of Novi Iskar consists of 5 districts: Slavovtsi, Kumaritsa, Kurilo, Izgrev and Gnilyane.
http://www.noviiskar.bg/ - Novi Iskar online, web based community media for local news from town of Novi Iskar and Sofia
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Novi Pazar, Bulgaria
For the city in Serbia see Novi Pazar.
Novi Pazar (Bulgarian: Нови пазар, "new marketplace") is a town in Shumen Province, northeastern Bulgaria, located in a hollow between the Shumen, Ludogorie and Provadiya plateaus, on the banks of the Kriva Reka ("twisting river"). It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Novi Pazar Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 12,673 inhabitants.
The town may have been first mentioned in 1444 in a document by the German writer Michael Beheim before the Battle of Varna, although this is disputed. As part of the Ottoman Empire, Novi Pazar (Yeni Pazar) belonged to the Silistra sanjak and later the Pravadi kaza. It became a kaza centre in the 17th century and grew to become a rich and lively town in the 17th and 18th century. A new mosque was built in 1763, a Turkish bath in 1774 and a clock tower in 1826. During the Russo-Turkish Wars many Bulgarians from the region fled to Bessarabia and established the community of the Bessarabian Bulgarians.
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Omurtag (town)
Omurtag (Bulgarian: Омуртаг) is a town at the eastern foot of Stara Planina in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Targovishte Province, situated at 525 m above sea level. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Omurtag Municipality. As of February 2011, the town has a population of 7,369 inhabitants.
A notable native is Aleksandar Aleksandrov, one of the two Bulgarian cosmonauts.
The area around the modern town has been inhabited since the Neolithic. Part of Justinian I's defensive system in the 6th century, the region gained importance as part of the First Bulgarian Empire due to the proximity to the capitals Pliska and Preslav and the passes of Stara Planina.
The first written evidence of the modern town date from the 17th century, when it was mentioned as the kaza centre Osman Pazarı in Ottoman tax registers. The settlement was a centre of craftsmanship and trade. Osman Pazarı was liberated from Ottoman rule on 27 January 1878 by Russian troops under Johann Casimir Ehrnrooth during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78. Most of the Turkish inhabitants of the town left to be replaced by Bulgarians from around Tran and Kyustendil. Omurtag acquired its present name in 1934, named after Bulgarian khan Omurtag.
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Opaka
Opaka (Bulgarian: Опака) is a town in the district of Turgovishte in northeast Bulgaria. As of December 2009, the town had a population of 2,873 and covers an area of 57 km². It is 70 km south of the city of Rousse on the border with Romania and 250 km northeast of the Bulgarian capital, Sofia. Archeologists have found evidence of Thracian, Roman and Slavonic settlements in the area. Near the village of Krepcha, a stone monastery is the site of the oldest known Old Bulgarian Cyrillic inscription, dated from around 920 CE. A 2nd century Thracian tumulus containing various artifacts, including six leaves of a golden wreath and bronze figurines, was excavated in 2011.
The associated Opaka municipality includes the town and five villages, Garchinovo, Golyamo Gradishte, Gorsko Ablanovo, Krepcha and Lyublen.
Opaka Rocks off Robert Island, South Shetland Islands are named after Opaka.
Coordinates: 43°27′N 26°10′E / 43.45°N 26.167°E / 43.45; 26.167
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Oryahovo
Oryahovo (Bulgarian: Оряхово) is a port city in northwestern Bulgaria, part of Vratsa Province. It is located in a hilly country on the right bank of the Danube, just east of the mouth of the river Ogosta, a few more kilometres downstream from where the Jiu flows into the Danube on Romanian territory. The town is known for the ferry service that connects it to the Romanian town of Bechet across the river. There are also plans by local private companies for a bridge across the Danube. As of December 2009, Oryahovo has a population of 5,400 inhabitants.
The town's name has evolved through the course of history, with names such as Vrhov, Orezov, Oreov and Rahovo being mentioned in documents until the current one was officially established in 1886. The area around Oryahovo has been inhabited since ancient times, as archaeological research has proven with findings from the early Neolithic to the Late Middle Ages. A fortress called Kamaka (Камъка) is located 1 km east from Oryahovo, which existed from the 9th to the 14th century. In 1396, the city, already controlled by the Turks, was sacked and its Ottoman inhabitants killed or taken prisoner by French crusaders heading towards Nikopol. The troops of Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund and Polish King Władysław III of Varna passed through the fortress during their unsuccessful crusades (the Battle of Nicopolis and the Battle of Varna, respectively) against the Ottoman Empire.
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Parvomay
Parvomay (Bulgarian: Първомай) is a town Parvomay and the name of the Municipality (Parvomay Municipality) in Southern Bulgaria. It is located in Plovdiv Province region close to the towns Sadovo and Chirpan. The English translation is sometimes given as Parvomai or Purvomai (which literally means "May Day").
Although as with many places in Bulgaria it has other names such as its old name (up until 1947), Borisovgrad (after Bulgaria's last Tsar, Boris to celebrate his birthday on 30 January 1894), or Borisovgrad, or Borissograd, or Borissovgrade, or Borissowgrad, until 1894 it was known by its Turkish names Hadzi Ejles (Bulgarian Хаджи Елес), Hadzi-Ele, Hadzi-Jeiles, or the Spanish, Khadzhi Eiles Khadzhi-Eles.
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Pavel Banya
Pavel Banya (Bulgarian: Павел Баня) is a small town in Stara Zagora Province, South-central Bulgaria, located between the towns of Kalofer and Kazanlak. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Pavel Banya Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 2,918 inhabitants. The place is famous for its mineral springs.
Pavel Banya is located 24 kilometers west of Kazanlak, neighboring Koprinka Reservoir. The town is situated in the central part of Bulgaria, between the Balkan Mountains and the Sredna Gora in the Rose Valley.
Pavel Banya is a relatively new community. It was founded after the liberation of Bulgaria from the Turkish Yoke. About ten families from the village of Turia formed several neighborhoods around the mineral baths, which grew into the village of Pavel Banya.
People of different religions live in Pavel Banya. The various religious holidays are respected by the populace. There is a Bulgarian Orthodox church in the town. Although there is no mosque in Pavel Banya itself in the municipality, several of the surrounding villages, some of which are entirely or almost entirely ethnically Turkish, do have mosques.
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Pavlikeni
Pavlikeni (Bulgarian: Павликени) is a town in Veliko Tarnovo Province, Northern Bulgaria, about 41 kilometers away from the city of Veliko Tarnovo. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Pavlikeni Municipality. As of December 2010, the town has a population of 11,604 inhabitants.
Pavlikeni was a centre of ceramics and pottery in Antiquity as evidenced by the remains from Roman and Thracian times, the modern town emerged in the 13th-14th century as a village initially called Marinopoltsi. Since its residents were adherents of the Christian sect of Paulicianism, it soon acquired its present name.
During the Ottoman rule of Bulgaria, the demographics of the village changed significantly, as many Turks settled to make it a purely Turkish village. After the Liberation of Bulgaria from Ottoman rule in 1877–1878, the Turks left to be replaced by Bulgarians from the Balkan Mountains and the villages of the plains. After the Liberation Pavlikeni developed as a centre of craftsmanship and trade, with many new buildings being constructed. Pavlikeni acquired town status in 1943 owing much to its position on the Sofia-Varna railway line.
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Pazardzhik
Pazardzhik (Bulgarian: Пазарджик, also spelled as Pazardjik or Pazarjik) is a city situated along the banks of the Maritsa river, Southern Bulgaria. It is the capital of Pazardzhik Province and centre for the homonymous Pazardzhik Municipality. As of February 2011, the town has a population of 71,979 inhabitants.
Pazardzhik was founded by Tatars from what is today Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi in 1485 on the left bank of the river Maritsa, near the market of the region, an important crossroad at the middle of this productive region, and named Tatar Pazardzhik (Tatar: Tatar Pazardjik, "small Tatar market"). Thanks to this favourable location, the settlement quickly developed. While it was very small at the beginning of the 19th century, it became the administrative centre for the region at the end of the century and remained so until the Liberation from Turkish occupation.
During the following centuries the town continued to grow and strengthened its position. Trade in iron, leather and rice prospered. The town impressed visitors with its beautiful houses and clean streets. In 1718 Gerard Kornelius Drish visited Pazardzhik and wrote "the buildings here according to construction, size and beauty stand higher than those of Niš, Sofia and all other places".
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Pernik
Pernik (Bulgarian: Перник) is a city in western Bulgaria (about 30 km south-west of Sofia) with a population of 81,052 as of 2011[update]. It is the main city of Pernik Province and lies on both banks of the Struma River in the Pernik Valley between the Viskyar, Vitosha and Golo Bardo mountains.
Originally the site of a Thracian fortress founded in the 4th century BC, and later a Roman settlement, Pernik became part of the Bulgarian Empire in the early 9th century as an important fortress. The name Pernik is thought to have originated from that of Slavic god Perun with the Slavic placename suffix –nik (or –ik) added, and was first mentioned in the 9th century. The medieval town was a key Bulgarian stronghold during Bulgarian tsar Samuil's wars against the Byzantine Empire in the 11th century, when it was governed by the local noble Krakra of Pernik, withstanding Byzantine sieges a number of times.
From 1396 until 1878 the city was under Ottoman rule. In the 20th century Pernik developed rapidly as a centre for coal mining and heavy industry. During the Communist rule of Bulgaria it was called Dimitrovo between 1949 and 1962 after Bulgarian Communist leader Georgi Dimitrov. The Surva International Festival of the Masquerade Games is held in the city every January. Pernik has two football teams, PFC Minyor Pernik and FC Metalurg.
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Perushtitsa
Perushtitsa (Bulgarian: Перущица) or Perushtitza is a Bulgarian town located in the Plovdiv Oblast at the foot of the Rhodopes. It is located about 22 kilometers south of Plovdiv.
The town is famous throughout Bulgaria for the fight that took place there in 1876 during the April Uprising against the Ottoman reign. During the suppression of the uprising by Turkish irregulars, the majority of the residents was slaughtered. The French journalist Ivan de Woestyne who visited the town in July 1876 reported for the newspaper Le Figaro, that out of a popolation of about 2000 only 150 elders and children were left.
The name Perushtitsa comes from the word Peristitsa which in turn comes from the name of a God, Perun.
Perushtitsa is one of the few places in Bulgaria where Mavrud grapes are grown for a typical Bulgarian wine, Mavrud.
About 2 kilometers south of Perushtitsa is the Red Church. The remains of this church date from the 5th or 6th century. The Red Church is a symbol for the city of Perushtitsa.
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Peshtera
Peshtera (Bulgarian: Пещера, pronounced [ˈpeʃtera]) is a town in southwestern Bulgaria, part of Pazardzhik Province, located in the Upper Thracian Lowlands at the foot of the Western Rhodopes. It takes its name from the many caves (peshtera is the Bulgarian word for 'cave') found in the vicinity. The town is the administrative centre of the homonymous Peshtera Municipality. As of December 2009, it has a population of 20,753 inhabitants.
At a distance of around 5 km from the town of Peshtera (along the road to Batak) is one of the most popular caves in Bulgaria — Snezhanka. Nearby is the Peshtera HEP plant.
The town is also well-known for producing the alcohol beverage Mastika. The product is named after the town (Peshterska).
The first traces of human presence in the area date from the Neolithic. The Thracian tribe of the Bessi inhabited the area in Antiquity and the settlement in the Peshtera Valley emerged in the fourth century BC.
The earliest piece of writing documenting the town's name dates from 1479, when Peshtera was part of the fief of a certain Mustafa in the Ottoman Empire. During the Bulgarian National Revival, many churches, bridges, fountains, schools and houses were built. The first secular school in Peshtera was opened in 1848, while the Nadezhda ('hope') community centre emerged in 1873. Many local residents took part in the armed struggle for the Liberation of Bulgaria, the town itself being liberated during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78, more precisely on 6 January 1878.
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Petrich
Petrich (Bulgarian: Петрич) is a town in Blagoevgrad Province in southwestern Bulgaria, located at the foot of the Belasica Mountains in the Strumeshnitsa Valley. As of 31 December 2009 (2009 -12-31)[update], the town has 29920 inhabitants.
Petrich is located close to the borders with Greece and the Republic of Macedonia. The crossing into Macedonia is known as Novo Selo-Petrich, as the first town across the border is Novo Selo.
Petrich Peak on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named for Petrich.
Petrich was included in the territory of the Bulgarian State during the reign of Knyaz Boris I (852-889). During the Middle Ages it was a Bulgarian fortress of importance during Tsar Samuil's wars (997-1014) with Byzantium. During Ottoman rule, it was initially part of the Serez sanjak of the Rumeli vilayet. After that it became a kaza of the Serez sanjak in the Selanik vilayet. From 19 January 1892 Petrich and its district were included in the Bulgarian Exarchate, before being included in Bulgaria following the Balkan Wars in 1912-13. The Greek army attempted to capture the town in 1925 but was stopped at the outskirts; this event is known as the Incident at Petrich.
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Pirdop
Pirdop (Bulgarian: Пирдоп) is a town located in South-West Bulgaria of Sofia Province in the southeastern part of the Zlatitsa - Pirdop Valley at 670 m above sea level. It is surrounded by the Balkan Range (also known as the Stara Planina) to the north, Sredna Gora Mountain to the south, and Koznitsa and Galabets saddles to the east and west, respectively. The town has a population of 8,040.
The main economic activity is non-ferrous metallurgy. The Pirdop copper smelter and refinery is the biggest in the Balkans and whole of South-Eastern Europe. It was privatized in 1997 for $80,000,000 and is now owned by the German Aurubis. It has a capacity of 160,000 tons and additional capacity of 180,000 tons worth €82,000,000 is being built. The factory also produces 830,000 tons of sulphuric acid and employs 1,420 workers. The main chimney of the factory is 325 metres tall and shares together with the chimneys of Maritza East Power Stations the title of tallest man-made objects of Bulgaria.
Pirdop is a centre of a small municipality with 9,460 inhabitants. The territory of the municipality is crossed by main road I -6 Sofia - Bourgas, which is a part of the Republican road network, as well as by the Sub-Balkan railway line to Bourgas. The municipality consists of municipal center town of Pirdop and the village of Dushantsi. The town is the center of tourist routes to the Balkan Range and Sredna Gora Mountain. There are some mountain huts conveniently located and equipped for visits. There are convenient roads leading to Doushantsi Dam Lake, Koufarita Bridge, the localities of Borova Gora, Bobyovitsa, Elensko and Kazanite, and others. Doushantsi Dam Lake on the Topolnitsa River is one of the most beautiful mountainous water reservoirs in Bulgaria. Although the accommodation facilities are insufficient, there are good opportunities for short vacations for recreation and sports fishing. There are also good conditions for water sports and attractions.
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Pliska
Pliska (Bulgarian: Плиска, Old Church Slavonic: Пльсковъ, romanized: Plĭskovŭ) is the name of both the first capital of Danubian Bulgaria (the First Bulgarian Empire) and a small town (a former village known as Aboba) which was renamed after the historical Pliska after its site was determined and excavations began.
Pliska was the capital of Bulgaria between 681 and 893 AD. According to a Bulgarian chronicle, it was founded by Khan Asparukh. It is called Pliskusa by Georgios Kedrenos and Anna Comnena. It had an area of 23 km² and was surrounded by a moat and earthwork ramparts. The walls of the inner fortress were 2.6 meters thick and about 12 meters high.
Pliska was sacked by the Byzantine army in 811, but the invaders were soon driven out by Khan Krum (see Battle of Pliska). In 886, Boris I founded the Pliska Literary School (after 893 Preslav Literary School), which was headed by Naum of Preslav.
In 892, the city became the scene of a pagan revolt led by King Vladimir. After the crushing of the revolt, Vladimir was dethroned and the third son of Boris I, Simeon, was installed into power during the Council of Preslav. One of the first steps of the new ruler was to move the capital to Preslav, a fortified town in the vicinity of Pliska, probably because of the steadily strong pagan influence in the old capital.
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Polski Trambesh
Polski Trambesh (Bulgarian: Полски Тръмбеш [ˈpɔlski trəmˈbɛʃ]; also transliterated Polski Trǎmbeš or Polski Trumbesh) is a town in central northern Bulgaria, part of Veliko Tarnovo Province. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Polski Trambesh Municipality, which lies in the northeastern part of the Province. The town is located 36 kilometres from the provincial capital of Veliko Tarnovo, 45 km from Svishtov, 35 km from Pavlikeni, 33 km from Gorna Oryahovitsa, 22 km from Byala, Rousse Province and 40 km from Strazhitsa. As of December 2009, Polski Trambesh has a population of 4,546 inhabitants.
The town is situated near the Yantra River, in the central Danubian Plain. Polski Trambesh's name means "Trambesh of the fields", to distinguish it from Gorski Goren Trambesh ("upper Trambesh of the forests") and Gorski Dolen Trambesh ("lower Trambesh of the forests") in Gorna Oryahovitsa municipality. It is not known when Polski Trambesh was established, but in 1865 it was a village of 40-50 houses populated by Bulgarians and Turks. The construction of the Rousse-Gorna Oryahovitsa railway boosted its development in 1917, the village turned into an important merchant centre and some industry was established after World War I. Polski Trambesh was proclaimed a town in 1964.
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Pomorie Municipality
Coordinates: 42°37′N 27°34′E / 42.617°N 27.567°E / 42.617; 27.567The Pomorie Municipality is located in the Burgas Province, Bulgaria. The territory is 413,3 km² and the population is 28 572. The main economic activities are tourism, wine industry and grape growing.
The center is the town of Pomorie. The settlements in the municipality include the following 15 villages and 1 town (in bold):
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Popovo, Bulgaria
Popovo (Bulgarian: Попово, from поп, pop, meaning "priest", and the placename suffix -ovo, literally "the priest's village") is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Targovishte Province. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Popovo Municipality. In December 2009, it had a population of 15,548 and an absolute Bulgarian majority.
The town was first mentioned in an Ottoman tax register of 1555.
Popovo Saddle in Imeon Range on Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Popovo.
Local museum
Community centre (chitalishte)
Church of the Dormition of the Mother of God
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Pordim
Pordim (Bulgarian: Пордим) is a town in Pleven Province in central northern Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Pordim municipality. The town lies at 155 metres above sea level in the Danubian Plain. As of December 2009, it has a population of 2,117 inhabitants.
Pordim is thought to be the site of the first ever telephone connection in Bulgaria, during the Siege of Plevna of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78. It linked Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia with Prince Carol I of Romania.
The town played an active part in the war of 1877-78 and boasts two museums, the Alexander II Russian Museum and the Carol I Romanian Museum, both houses in the authentic buildings where the two heads of state stayed during the battle for Pleven, commanding their respective forces.
Pordim Islands off Robert Island, South Shetland Islands are named after Pordim.
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Poti
Coordinates: 42°08′31″N 41°40′35″E / 42.14194°N 41.67639°E / 42.14194; 41.67639
Poti (Georgian: ფოთი; Mingrelian: ფუთი; Laz: ფაში/Fashi; formerly known to the Turks as Faş) is a port city in Georgia, located on the eastern Black Sea coast in the region of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti in the west of the country. Built near the site of the ancient Greek colony of Phasis and deriving its name from the same, the city has become a major port city and industrial center since the early 20th century. It is also home to a main naval base and the headquarters of the Georgian navy. The Poti port area is planned to become a free economic zone within the framework of a Georgian-United Arab Emirates project inaugurated in April 2008.
Poti is situated 312 kilometres (194 mi) west of Georgia’s capital, Tbilisi, in a marshy delta created by the major river of western Georgia, the Rioni, at its entrance into the Black Sea. The city lies at an altitude of two meters above sea level. A portion of Poti's environs recovered from the marshes now accommodate citrus plantation. The city is surrounded by the Kolkheti National Park. It is flanked by the small river Kaparchina to the south-east and Lake Paliastomi to the south-west. Some 5 kilometres (3 mi) to the south is the village Maltaqva, a local beach resort. The city's climate is humid subtropical with mild and warm winters and hot summers. The average annual temperature is 14.1 °C; 2 °C in January, and 22.9 °C in July. Rainfall is abundant and reaches 1,960 mm per annum.[citation needed]
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Pravets
Pravets (Bulgarian: Правец, also transliterated as Pravetz or Pravec) is a town in central western Bulgaria, located approximately 60 km from the capital Sofia.
Pravets has a population of 4,512 people. Mountains surround it, which allows for a mild climate with rare winds. In the outskirts there is a small lake used for fishing and recreation. Most Bulgarians associate the town with its (now closed) computer manufacturing plant and with the birthplace of Bulgaria's last communist president, Todor Zhivkov.The first microprocessor factory in Bulgaria was situated in Pravets. These computers, which were also the first in Bulgaria, were named Pravets-82 and had yellow and black keyboards.
Today, the town is famous for its City University campus and two prestigious high schools. The first one is a language high school by the name of Aleko Konstantinov (see link to the school's website below). It prepares many students who continue their undergraduate education in Bulgaria, USA, Germany, and France. The second high school is one of two technical schools, which prepares students for the Technical University in Sofia, Bulgaria. It allows for direct admission to the University to its top students. The Bulgarian branch of City University of Seattle (based in Bellevue, Washington, U.S.) is located in Pravets, where it offers an accredited BSBA degree to Bulgarian students. During the school year, the town is filled with students from different towns and cities, which contributes to the energetic atmosphere of Pravets.
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Preslav
Preslav (Bulgarian: Преслав) was the capital of the First Bulgarian Empire from 893 to 972 and one of the most important cities of medieval Southeastern Europe. The ruins of the city are situated in modern northeastern Bulgaria, some 20 kilometres southwest of the regional capital of Shumen, and are currently a national archaeological reserve.
The modern Veliki Preslav (Bulgarian: Велики Преслав, "Great Preslav") is a town and the seat of government of the municipality (obshtina) of the same name, which in turn is part of Shumen Province. A former village, it assumed the name of the medieval capital in 1878 and became a town in 1883. As of December 2009, it has a population of 8,951 inhabitants.
The town lies at 43°10′N 26°49′E / 43.167°N 26.817°E / 43.167; 26.817, 92 m above sea level.
The name of Preslav is of Slavic origin; apparently it was initially founded and functioned as a Slavic settlement until its fortification at the beginning of the 9th century. The proximity to the then Bulgarian capital of Pliska led to the fast development and expansion of Preslav during the reign of the Khans Krum and Omurtag. By the time of the coronation of Khan Boris I in 852, Preslav had turned into an important strategic military centre and was the seat of the Ichirgu-boil. A number of churches were built in the city after the conversion of the Bulgarians to Christianity in 864.
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Primorsko
Primorsko (Bulgarian: Приморско) is a town and seaside resort in southeastern Bulgaria, part of Burgas Province. A well-known resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, it is located on a gore 52 km south of Burgas and has a beach strip of about 1 km². The average temperature is 27°C in July, often reaching 30-33°C and making Primorsko a favourable place for tourism. The rivers Ropotamo and Dyavolska reka run close to the town, and the Snake Island reserve is also nearby.
Remains of stone anchors from the second half of the 2nd millennium and the 1st millennium BC have been discovered in the waters around Primorsko, which can possibly be linked to Neolithic navigation. Remains of lead anchors from the 4th-5th century BC have also been found, as well as traces of Copper Age pottery and stone tools. Valchanovo kale, the ruins of a nearby medieval fortress, which inhabited from the Early Iron Age to the Late Middle Ages, are often linked with the fortress of Ranouli mentioned in the Hambarli inscription of Krum of Bulgaria. Medieval amphoras and pottery have been found in the mouth of the Ropotamo, and the ancient waystation and fortress of Gera is thought to have been located on Maslen nos.
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Radnevo
Radnevo (Раднево) is a town in southern Bulgaria, part of Stara Zagora Province, located in the eastern Upper Thracian Lowlands close to the Maritsa Iztok Complex. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Radnevo Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 13,384 inhabitants.
Notable natives include Bulgarian Agrarian National Union politician Dimitar Dragiev (1869–1943), poet Geo Milev (1895–1925), Bulgarian international footballer Andrey Zhelyazkov (b. 1952).
Radnevo Peak on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Radnevo.
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Rakitovo
Rakitovo (Bulgarian: Ракитово) is a town in the Pazardzhik Province, Bulgaria. As of 2005 the population is 8 952. It is located in the northern part of the Rhodopi mountains at 12 km to the east of Velingrad and 7 km to the southwest of the Batak Dam. There is timber industry in the town. People from the region grow crops, lavender, potatoes and barley.
Coordinates: 41°59′N 24°05′E / 41.983°N 24.083°E / 41.983; 24.083
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Rakovski (town)
Rakovski (Bulgarian: Раковски) is a town in southern Bulgaria, in the historical region of Thrace. It is located in the Plovdiv Province. The town is also the centre of the Rakovski Municipality. Rakovski was founded in 1966 with the merging of three villages — General Nikolaevo, Sekirovo and Parchevich. The new town was named after the prominent Bulgarian revolutionary Georgi Sava Rakovski.
The town is located in the western part of the Upper Thracian Lowland, at 25 km to the northeast of Bulgaria's second largest city Plovdiv, and has an area of 5,50 km². Rakovski is located in a transitional continental climatic zone south of Stara Planina. The summers are hot and dry and the winters are mild, with snow remaining for about a month.
The municipality of Rakovski consists of the town of the same name and six villages. It covers a territory of 264 km² which is 4,4% of the total area of the Plovdiv Province. The population of the municipality is 29,039 of which 16,291 live in the town. It has an important transport location with the Trakiya motorway and the southern gas pipe passing through its territory.
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Razlog
Razlog (Bulgarian: Разлог) is a town and ski resort in Razlog Municipality, Blagoevgrad Province in southwestern Bulgaria. It is situated in the Razlog Valley and was first mentioned during the reign of Byzantine emperor Basil II.
During his 1894–1896 trip in the region of Macedonia, Bulgarian geographer Vasil Kanchov visited Razlog (then known as Мехомия, Mehomia) and reported that it numbered 820 households, of which 500 of Eastern Orthodox Bulgarians, 300 of Muslim Bulgarians (Pomaks), 16 of Protestant Bulgarians and 5 of Eastern Orthodox Aromanians, for a total population of around 4,620.[1] According to the same author's 1900 study on the population of Macedonia, Razlog was populated by 4,970 people, of which 3,200 Christian Bulgarians, 1,460 Muslim Bulgarians, 80 Turks, 200 Roma and 30 Aromanians.[2]
The town's population actively participated in the Kresna-Razlog and Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising, Razlog, which was part of Serez sanjak in Selanik vilayet as "Razlık", itself being liberated from Ottoman rule in 1912. Razlog has developed as a centre of winter tourism in the 1990s and 2000s owing to its favourable position in the vicinity of the Pirin, Rila and Rhodope mountains.
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Resort of Kamchiya
The Resort Complex of Kamchia, (Bulgarian Курортен Комплекс Камчия), is a Black Sea coastal resort on the northern length of the coast of Bulgaria. It is located 25 km south of the Provincial Centre of Varna in the municipality of Avren and lies north of the mouth of the river Kamchia. It is mainly made up of "rest bases", (Bulgarian, Почивни Бази) which are mini-resorts made up of individual villas and bungalows. There is also a functioning fishing village, and the remains of a military outpost, (now defunct). The resort has a transitional population which only remains for the summer season beginning in May and finishes at the end of September.
It was most built during the period in which Bulgaria was communist, (although there used to be a village beforehand). Many of the rest bases would have originally been national institutions, most of which would have been run by individual ministries, (for example the Transport-Constructional Army had a base). Today, although some of the rest bases have been retained by the government, most are owned by private concessionaires while the standard of the sub-complexes ranges from relatively low to high.
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Rezovo
Rezovo (Bulgarian: Резово, pronounced [ˈrɛzuvu]) is a village and seaside resort in southeastern Bulgaria, part of Tsarevo municipality, Burgas Province, in the coastal Strandzha geographical region. Lying at the mouth of the Rezovo River in the Black Sea, Rezovo is the southernmost point of the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast and the southeastern-most inhabited place in Bulgaria and the European Union mainland. The village is located 11 kilometres south of Sinemorets, 17 km from Ahtopol and 36 km from Lozenets. As the Rezovo River constitutes the border between Bulgaria and the European part of Turkey, Rezovo directly overlooks the Turkish bank of the river and the Turkish village of Beğendik, in Demirköy district, Kırklareli Province.
Researchers have attempted to link the village's name to that of Rhesus of Thrace, a Thracian king of the Iliad, and although the existence of an ancient settlement at the place of the modern village has been proven (with the oldest artifacts dating to the 4th century BC), it is hard to establish any connection with Rhesus' personality. In ancient times, the area was subject to large-scale metallurgical activity, with the largest ancient deposit of slag in Bulgaria. It is believed that the medieval fortress of Castrition lay on Cape Kastrich north of modern Rezovo.
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Rijeka
Rijeka (Croatian: Rijeka, Croatian pronunciation: [rijɛ̌ːka]; Italian: Fiume) is the principal seaport and the third largest city in Croatia (after Zagreb and Split). It is located on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and has a population of 128,735 inhabitants (2011). The conurbation, which includes adjacent towns and municipalities of Opatija, Lovran, Mošćenička Draga, Matulji, Kastav, Viškovo, Klana, Kostrena, Čavle, Jelenje, Bakar, and Kraljevica has a population of 213,842 (2011).
Historically, because of its strategic position and its excellent deep-water Port of Rijeka, the city was fiercely contested, especially between Italy, Hungary, and Croatia, changing hands and demographics many times over centuries. According to the 2001 census data, the overwhelming majority of its citizens (80.39%) are Croats, with Serbs coming in second (6.21%). The Croatian, Slovene and Italian version of the city's name mean river in each of the languages.
Rijeka is the center of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in Croatia. The city's economy largely depends on shipbuilding (shipyards "3. Maj" and "Viktor Lenac") and maritime transport. Rijeka hosts the Croatian National Theatre "Ivan pl. Zajc", first built in 1765, as well as the University of Rijeka, founded in 1973 but with roots dating back to 1632.
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Rila (town)
Coordinates: 42°08′N 23°08′E / 42.133°N 23.133°E / 42.133; 23.133
Rila (Bulgarian: Рила, pronounced [ˈrilə]) is a town in southwestern Bulgaria, in Rila Municipality, part of Kyustendil Province. It is the administrative centre of Rila municipality, which lies in the southeastern part of Kyustendil Province.
The town lies in a mountainous region at the foot of the southwestern Rila Mountains, 20 kilometres from the Rila Monastery, 34 kilometres from Dupnitsa and 65 kilometres from Kyustendil. In antiquity, the area was inhabited by the Greeks and Romans; it was known as Sportela and then as Roligera. In the 14th century, the village was a feudatory possession of the Rila Monastery and may have been mentioned in Tsar Ivan Shishman of Bulgaria's Rila Charter as Driska. Later on, it was mentioned as İrlie in Ottoman tax registers of 1576.
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Roman, Bulgaria
Roman (Роман) is a town in northwestern Bulgaria near the city of Pravets and about 90 km northeast of the capital of Bulgaria, Sofia. It is located in Vratsa Province and is known for the big steel factory, producing 100,000 tons of steel a year. The raw materials come from the Kremikovtsi factory near Sofia. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 3,157 inhabitants.
Roman Knoll on Trinity Peninsula in Antarctica is named after the town.
Coordinates: 43°09′N 23°55′E / 43.15°N 23.917°E / 43.15; 23.917
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Romania
Romania (i/roʊˈmeɪniə/ roh-MAY-nee-ə; dated: Roumania; or Rumania;Romanian: România [romɨˈni.a] ( listen)) is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Romania shares a border with Hungary and Serbia to the west, Ukraine and Moldova to the northeast and east, and Bulgaria to the south.
At 238,400 square kilometers (92,000 sq mi), Romania is the ninth largest country of the European Union by area, and has the seventh largest population of the European Union with over 19 million people. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest, the tenth largest city in the EU with about two million people.
The Kingdom of Romania emerged when the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were united under Prince Alexander Ioan Cuza in 1859. Independence from the Ottoman Empire was declared on 9 May 1877, and was internationally recognized the following year. At the end of World War I, Transylvania, Bukovina and Bessarabia united with the Kingdom of Romania. Greater Romania emerged into an era of progression and prosperity that would continue until World War II. By the end of the War, many north-eastern areas of Romania's territories were occupied by the Soviet Union, and Romania forcibly became a socialist republic and a member of the Warsaw Pact.
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Ropotamo
The Ropotamo (Bulgarian: Ропотамо, from the Ancient Greek word meaning "border river") is a relatively short river in southeastern Bulgaria. It takes its source from the Strandzha Mountains, running for 48.5 kilometres (30.1 mi) to empty into the Black Sea between Dyuni and Primorsko.
The river is most often noted for its 30 m-wide mouth that is home to an abundance of flora species, over 100 of which endangered in the country. The lower section of the Ropotamo is a nature reserve since 1940 and a protected area. The lower Ropotamo is a popular tourist attraction because of the water lilies and the rock formations above the river, on some of which white-tailed eagles nest.
Ropotamo Glacier on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Ropotamo River.
Coordinates: 42°20′N 27°46′E / 42.333°N 27.767°E / 42.333; 27.767
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Rotterdam
Rotterdam (
/ˈrɒtərdæm/; Dutch [ˌrɔ.tər.ˈdɑm] ( listen)) is the second-largest city in the Netherlands and one of the largest ports in the world. Starting as a dam constructed in 1270 on the Rotte River, Rotterdam has grown into a major international commercial centre. Its strategic location at the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta on the North Sea and at the heart of a massive rail, road, air and inland waterway distribution system extending throughout Europe is the reason that Rotterdam is often called the "Gateway to Europe".
Located in the Province of South Holland, Rotterdam is found in the west of the Netherlands and at the south end of the Randstad. The population of the city proper was 616,250 on February 1st 2012. The population of the greater Rotterdam area, called "Rotterdam-Rijnmond" or just "Rijnmond", is around 1.3 million people. Rotterdam is one of Europe's most vibrant, multicultural cities. The city is known for its university (Erasmus), its cutting-edge architecture, its lively cultural life, its striking riverside setting, its maritime heritage and the Rotterdam Blitz.
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Ruen
Ruen (Bulgarian: Руен, pronounced [ˈru.ɛn]; Turkish: Ulanlı) is a village in southeastern Bulgaria, part of Burgas Province. It is the administrative centre of Ruen municipality, which lies in the northern part of Burgas Province.
Ruen municipality includes the following 41 places:
The population of the municipality is predominantly Turkish (see Turks in Bulgaria), with some Bulgarians, Roma and Pomaks.
Coordinates: 42°48′N 27°17′E / 42.8°N 27.283°E / 42.8; 27.283
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Rusalka, Bulgaria
Rusalka (Bulgarian: Русалка, "mermaid"; also Russalka and Roussalka) is a seaside resort on the northern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast located in Dobrich Province, northeastern Bulgaria (the historical region of Southern Dobruja). It is located in a nature reserve in a bay 90 km northeast of Varna and 23 km from Shabla, surrounded by oak forests.
The whole resort is an all-inclusive area of 600 luxurious one-storey houses. It is a favoured place for foreign tourists, in the 2000s mainly from Germany, although in the 1990s it was a French-dominated area.
Rusalka offers 10 hard tennis courts and 5 clay ones, making it an appropriate destination for tennis fans, as well as a small football pitch and a volleyball court. Other sports that can be practised are archery, horse riding, yachting, kayaking, scuba diving, etc. The resort also has an open-air mineral-water swimming pool with water jets. Many islets and rocks lie just off the beach.
Attractions in the vicinity include the Yaylata and Kaliakra nature and history reserves.
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Ruse, Bulgaria
Ruse (also transliterated as Rousse or Russe; Bulgarian: Русе pronounced [ˈrusɛ]) is the fifth-largest city in Bulgaria. Ruse is located in the northeastern part of the country, on the right bank of the Danube, opposite the Romanian city of Giurgiu, 300 km (186 mi) from the capital Sofia and 200 km (124 mi) from the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. It is the most significant Bulgarian river port, serving an important part of the international trade of the country.
Ruse is known for its 19th- and 20th-century Neo-Baroque and Neo-Rococo architecture, which attracts many tourists. It is often called the Little Vienna. The Ruse-Giurgiu Friendship Bridge, the only one in the shared Bulgarian-Romanian section of the Danube, crosses the river here.
Ruse is located on the right bank of the Danube, which is the high bank, having two underwater terraces and three river terraces at 15–22 m (49.21–72.18 ft), 30–66 m (98.43–216.54 ft), and 54–65 m (177.17–213.25 ft). The average altitude is 45.5 m (149.28 ft) AMSL. The urban area is an approximately 11-km ellipse running along the river. The city extends from the land-connected Matey (Матей) island and the mouth of Rusenski Lom on the west to Srabcheto (Сръбчето) hill on the east. During the 20th century, the west end of the city was significantly modified by moving the mouth of Rusenski Lom to the west, as well as by moving the bank itself with its fairway considerably to the north. Sarabair (саръбаир) hill is to the south of the city and is 159 m (521.65 ft) high. The Rousse TV Tower is built there on the remains of Leventtabia, a former Turkish fortification.
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Russia
Russiai/ˈrʌʃə/ or /ˈrʊʃə/ (Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə] ( listen)), is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, and the US state of Alaska by the Bering Strait. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the eighth most populous nation with 143 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning nine time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources and is the largest producer of oil and natural gas globally. Russia has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
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Sadovo
Sadovo (Bulgarian: Садово) is a small town in the Plovdiv Province, central Bulgaria. The population as of 2006[update] is 2 551. Most of the people are employed in agriculture, which due to the fertile soils and the high levels of mechanisation is efficient and highly productive. Major crops are apples, tomatoes, peppers, wheat, barley and rice. In Sadovo is recorded the highest temperature in Bulgaria: 45,2°C.
Coordinates: 42°08′00″N 24°56′00″E / 42.1333333333°N 24.9333333333°E / 42.1333333333; 24.9333333333
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Samokov
Samokov (Bulgarian: Самоков) is a town in Sofia Province in the southwest of Bulgaria. It is situated in a kettle between the mountains Rila and Vitosha, 55 kilometres from the capital Sofia. Due to the suitable winter sports conditions, Samokov, together with the nearby resort Borovets, is a major tourist centre.
In the past, Samokov was a centre of handicrafts and art, with notable figures like Zahari Zograf, Hristo Dimitrov and Nikola Obrazopisov. The town's name is a compound word of "samo" and "kov", respectively meaning "self" and the root of the verb "forge, hammer", and comes from the samokov, a mechanical forge powered by water, since the town of Samokov was a major iron producing centre during the Middle Ages.
It is thought that Samokov was founded in the 14th century as a mining settlement with the assistance of "Saxon" miners. It was first mentioned in 1455 and in Ottoman registers of 1477 as Vlaychov Samokov. In the 16th and 17th centuries, it grew into the greatest iron extraction centre in the region, with western travellers describing it as 'a fairly large city'. In 1565-1566, Samokov had to produce and deliver to Belgrade 20,000 horseshoes and 30,000 nails. Samokov also produced anchors and other materials for the shipyards of the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, particularly Pomorie. As the logging industry was also well developed, in 1573 the people of Samokov had to deliver 300 beams as far as Mecca.[3].~
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San Francisco
San Francisco (/ˌsæn frənˈsɪskoʊ/), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the financial, cultural, and transportation center of the San Francisco Bay Area, a region of 7.6 million people which includes San Jose and Oakland. The only consolidated city-county in California, it encompasses a land area of about 46.9 square miles (121 km2) on the northern end of the San Francisco Peninsula, giving it a density of about 17,179 people per square mile (6,632 people per km2). It is the most densely settled large city (population greater than 200,000) in the state of California and the second-most densely populated large city in the United States after New York City. San Francisco is the fourth most populous city in California and the 13th most populous city in the United States, with a population of 805,235 as of the 2010 Census. The San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont metropolitan area has a population of 4,335,391.
In 1776, colonists from Spain established a fort at the Golden Gate and a mission named for Francis of Assisi a few miles away. The California Gold Rush of 1849 propelled the city into a period of rapid growth, increasing the population in one year from 1,000 to 25,000, and thus transforming it into the largest city on the West Coast at the time. After three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. During World War II, San Francisco was the port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. After the war, the confluence of returning servicemen, massive immigration, liberalizing attitudes, and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement, cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States.
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Sandanski
Sandanski (Bulgarian: Сандански, formerly, until 1949 Свети Врач, Sveti Vrach) is a town and a recreation centre in south-western Bulgaria, part of Blagoevgrad Province. Named after revolutionary Yane Sandanski, it is located in a valley at the foot of Pirin Mountain, on both banks of the Sandanska Bistritsa River.
Sandanski's favourable position, suitable climate (with the highest average annual temperature in the country, +14.1°C) and the concentration of mineral water springs in the area are all reasons for the town's fame as a centre for relaxation and recreation.
Sandanski is the warmest city in Bulgaria. In the summer temperatures often reach 40 degrees and sometimes can reach 45 degrees. Winters are approximately mild with temperatures mostly above 5 degrees. Climate table:
Sandanski is the seat of Sandanski municipality (part of Blagoevgrad Province), which includes the following 54 places:
Sandanski Point on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after the town of Sandanski.
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Sapareva Banya
Sapareva Banya (Bulgarian: Сапарева баня, transliterated Sapareva banya) is a town in southwestern Bulgaria, part of Kyustendil Province. It is located at the north foot of the Rila mountain 15 km east of Dupnitsa. The town is known for its hot mineral (103 °C (217 °F)) and clear mountain water, as well as the geyser in the town centre that sprang forth in 1957.
The 12th-13th-century St Nicholas Church, the 18th-century St George's Church from the Bulgarian National Revival and the St Forty Martyrs Church from 1859 are located in Sapareva Banya.
The former Byzantine town of Germane or Germania once stood at the location of modern Sapareva Banya. It was the birthplace of the great Byzantine general Belisarius and was first mentioned in the 6th century as Γερμανία, Γερμανός, Γέρμεννε. In an 11th-century charter of Basil II, it was listed as Γερμάνεια. The modern name first appears as Bane in 1576. Later on, it was disambiguated by adding the name of the nearby village of Saparevo: the area is rich in mineral springs and many localities have similar names. Saparevo's name, first attested in 1570, is probably derived from the noun tsapar ("woodchopper"), from the dialectal verb tsaparim (цапарим), "to chop, to cut". Some authors suggest an etymology from the Thracian *Sapara.
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Sarafovo
Sarafovo (Bulgarian: Сарафово) is a neighbourhood of Burgas, which is the biggest city in South Eastern Bulgaria - a regional, tourist and trade center.
Sarafovo is a beautiful calm quarter of Burgas, which is the fourth largest city in Bulgaria. The city has great infrastructure, an International airport and it is a significant commercial centre. The port of Burgas is the biggest sea port in the country. The favourable geographical location and advanced transport infrastructure of Burgas are good prerequisites for the development of tourism and trade in the southern Bulgarian Black sea coast.
Sarafovo is also called The Bulgarian Beverly Hills, because it is the most desirable residential area of Burgas, and its residents include many of the richer people of the city. It is unsurprisingly famous as the quarter with the most beautiful houses. Sarafovo was originally founded as a settlement over 80 years ago (1912–1922) by Thracian refugees.
Sarafovo is at 10 km from the centre of Burgas. There are over 4000 residents in more than 1300 houses.
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Sarnitsa
Sarnitsa (also transcribed Surnica, Bulgarian: Сърница) is a small town in the Pazardzhik Province, southern Bulgaria. As of 2006[update] it has 3 607 inhabitants. It gained its town status in 16 September 2003 and is part of the Velingrad municipality, located deep in the Rhodope mountains among remote virgin forests. The town has preserved its authentic atmosphere and old architecture and is a growing tourist centre, serving visitors of the Dospat Dam and surrounding forests.
Coordinates: 41°44′N 24°02′E / 41.733°N 24.033°E / 41.733; 24.033
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Septemvri
Septemvri (Bulgarian: Септември, lit. September) is a town in Pazardzhik Province, Southern Bulgaria, located at the western end of the Upper Thracian Lowland, 19 km (12 mi) away to the west from the city of Pazardzhik. It is the administrative centre of homonymous Septemvri Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 8,422 inhabitants.
Four Thracian mounds[citation needed] and traces of two ancient cities - GreekPistiros and an Roman town that lays on Trayan's Drum were discovered near the town. It has succeeded as an old Bulgarian settlement, which was destroyed in the late 14th century during the Ottoman onslaught. The town was rebuilt at the end of the 15th century under the Turkish name of Sara Khan bey, and carried this name until 1949.
Septemvri developed into a typical railway town following the construction of the Haskovo-Belovo railway line in 1873. The scenic Septemvri-Dobrinishte narrow gauge line to the Rhodopi mountain town of Dobrinishte over Bansko was constructed in 1945.
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Sevlievo
Sevlievo (Bulgarian: Севлиево) is a town in north-central Bulgaria, part of Gabrovo Province. Sevlievo is known as one of the wealthiest towns in Bulgaria owing to the well developed local economy, high employment rate and major foreign investments, such as the American Standard Companies factory. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Sevlievo Municipality.
In 2009, the population of the town was 24,065.
The earliest traces of occupation in the region date back to the late Neolithic period (around the 8th century BC). Some Thracian tombs still survive. Hotalich Fortress is the last medieval town. It had been inhabited for more than 1,000 years and functioned as an important defensive center. Hotalich existed for centuries together with the settlement on the site of the contemporary town, known as Servi and Selvi.
In the middle of the 19th century, the development of crafts led to the concentration of large sums of money in the crafts' societies. Commercial trips across the Ottoman Empire, Europe and Russia enriched general knowledge.
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Shabla
Shabla (Bulgarian: Шабла) is a town and seaside resort in northeastern Bulgaria, administrative centre of the Shabla Municipality part of Dobrich Province. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 3,586 inhabitants. It is situated on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast in the vicinity of the salt-water Lake Shabla and Bulgaria's easternmost point, Cape Shabla.
Shabla has an extensive white sand beach and was a popular destination for Eastern Bloc tourism until the fall of Communism. The beach itself is located some 5 km from the town (shuttle service in summer) via a road constructed under the EU Phare programme
On the main town beach there is a large car park and many old bungalows next to a large restaurant that serves today's tourists in the summer months.
Another route leads you to the coastal road and past Shabla's lighthouse which is the tallest, oldest and easternmost one on the Bulgarian coast. Set among the ruins of the 4th-century fortress, it was built in its modern appearance during the Crimean War and opened on 15 July 1856, though it is in fact a reconstructed older lighthouse built between 1756 and 1786. Its tower is 28.23 m-tall.
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Shipka (town)
Shipka (Bulgarian: Шипка, "Rosa canina") is a town in central Bulgaria, part of Kazanlak municipality, Stara Zagora Province. It lies in the Central Balkan Mountains, at 42°42′N 25°23′E / 42.7°N 25.383°E / 42.7; 25.383, 650 metres above sea level. As of 2005, Shipka has a population of 1,398 and the mayor is Stoyan Ivanov.
The town is known for being located near the historic Shipka Pass, the location of several key battles in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78. Local sights include the Shipka Memorial (1934) on Stoletov Peak, the Buzludzha Monument, the Russian-style Shipka Memorial Church (1885–1902) and the recently discovered Thracian tomb Golyamata Kosmatka.
The population is overwhelmingly Eastern Orthodox and ethnically Bulgarian, with a notable minority of Karakachans (a Greek-speaking transhumant people of obscure origin).
The Shipka Pass (Bulgarian: Шипченски проход, Shipchenski prohod) (el. 1150 m./3820 ft.) is 13 km from the town, and connects the town with Gabrovo.
During the Russo-Turkish War, Shipka Pass was the scene of a series of conflicts collectively named the Battle of Shipka Pass.
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Shivachevo
Shivachevo (Bulgarian: Шивачево) is a small town in the Sliven Province located on the southern slopes of the Balkan Mountains in central eastern Bulgaria.
The area around the present town of Shivachevo has been inhabited since ancient times. Numerous archeological artifacts have been found in the area. Thracian earthenware used during funeral ceremonies and containing burnt bones and wheat were found in the yard of the present-day school. Other discoveries include a Thracian bronze helmet, Roman coins, and Byzantine coins with the faces of the emperors Justinian I and Nikiforos Foka.
From the distant past the inhabitants of Shivachevo were famous for their patriotic spirit. They aided the volunteer detachments (called "haidushki chet") who fought against the Turkish rule during the 19th century. After the Crimean War (1853–1856) and the new Turkish laws that followed it, a committee was established in Shivachevo in 1857 for building a church which was finished in 1859 and was given the name of St. Dimitar. The town celebration is held on October 26 every year on St. Dimitar's Day.
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Shkorpilovtsi
Shkorpilovtsi (Bulgarian: Шкорпиловци) is a small village and sea resort in Dolni Chiflik Municipality on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, located only 100 m away from one of the most beautiful beaches on the Moesian Black Sea Coast. Its proximity to the sea capital of Bulgaria, Varna, makes it a preferred holiday destination for many Bulgarian and foreign tourists.
The resort was named after the Czech–Bulgarian archaeologist brothers Karel and Hermann Škorpil, long-time citizens of Varna.
Coordinates: 42°58′00″N 27°52′59″E / 42.9666666767°N 27.8830555656°E / 42.9666666767; 27.8830555656
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Silistra
Silistra (Bulgarian: Силистра, pronounced [siˈlistrɐ], historically Bulgarian: Дръстър, Drastar [ˈdrɤstəɐr]) is a port city of northeastern Bulgaria, lying on the southern bank of the lower Danube at the country's border with Romania. Silistra is the administrative centre of the Silistra Province and one of the important cities of the historical region of Southern Dobrudzha. As of February 2011, the town has a population of 35,607 inhabitants.
Silistra is a major cultural, industrial, transportation, and educational center of northeastern Bulgaria. There are many historical landmarks including a Roman tomb, remains of the Medieval fortress, an Ottoman fort, and an art gallery.
Silistra is in the northeastern part of Bulgaria on the right bank of the Danube River. It is located in the Bulgarian part of Dobrudzha.
The municipality of Silistra covers an area of 516 km2 and includes the city and 18 villages. The area of the city-proper is 27.159 km2. The total population of the municipality, as of February 2011, is 50,448 of which 35,607 live in the city.
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Simeonovgrad
Simeonovgrad (Bulgarian: Симеоновград, "town of Simeon") is a town in southern Bulgaria, located in Haskovo Province on both banks of the Maritsa River. Three bridges connect the town's two parts. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Simeonovgrad Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 7,049 inhabitants.
Near Simeonovgrad lie the ruins of the Ancient Roman and Byzantine fortress of Constantia from the Late Antiquity (4th century AD), which developed into one of the large towns of Northern Thrace until the beginning of the 13th century.
The dominant religion is Eastern Orthodox Christianity. The town has two churches, the Church of the Most Holy Mother of God in the town centre and the Church of St Nicholas the Thaumaturge in the Zlati dol quarter.
The town's historical names were Tarnovo–Seymen and "Seymen", who is a Turkish brave man from Western Anatolia. During the Socialist period, the town was named "Maritza", for the river on which it is placed.
Simeonovgrad is also the seat of Simeonovgrad municipality (part of Haskovo Province), which includes the following 8 villages:
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Simitli
Simitli (Bulgarian: Симитли) is a small city in Blagoevgrad Province in southwestern Bulgaria. It has a population of 7,454 and is located 17 km south of Blagoevgrad.
The city of Simitli lies at the crossroads for the turn to Bansko and Pirin Mountains off the Sofia-Thessaloníki E-79. Geographical locations of note are the Komatinski Cliffs between Brestovo and Sushitsa, the Kresna Gorge of the Struma River, and the foothills of the Pirin Mountains at Senokos.
Simitli lies on E-79 which connects Sofia to the Greek Border. Simitli is also part of the Bulgarian State Railways network from Greece to Sofia. Simitli is also the intersection of E-79 and the road to Bansko and the Pirin Mountains.
Some of the best whitewater rapids in the Balkans can be found on the Struma river in the Kresna Gorge. The rafting and kayaking season is from April to July and there is guided rafting every weekend. Simitli is also part of the EuroCup circuit for the European Rafting Federation every year. Every second weekend of January, there is a Kukeri or Surva festival held in the local stadium by E-79 which rivals Razlog and Pernik's own Kukeri Festivals.
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Sliven
Sliven (Bulgarian: Сливен) is the eighth-largest city in Bulgaria and the administrative and industrial centre of Sliven Province and municipality. It is a relatively large town with 89,848 inhabitants, as of February 2011.
Sliven is famous for its Bulgarian Haiduts who fought against the Ottoman Turks in the 19th century and is known as the "City of the 100 Voyvodi", a Voyvoda being a leader of Haiduts.
The famous rocky massif Sinite Kamani (Сините камъни, "The Blue Rocks") and the associated national park, the fresh air and the mineral springs offer diverse opportunities for leisure and tourism. Investors are exploring the opportunity to use the famous local wind (Bora) for the production of electricity.
Another point of interest and symbol of the city, as featured on the coat of arms, is the thousand-year-old Stariya Briast (Старият Бряст, "The Old Elm"), a large Smooth-leaved Elm in the center of the city. During the time of the Ottoman rule, Turkish officials would hang Bulgarian revolutionaries on the tree. In modern times, the city is doing its best to keep the tree alive with the addition of cement to the base.
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Slivnitsa
Slivnitsa (Bulgarian: Сливница) is a town in western Bulgaria, 22 km away from Sofia, lying on the main road connecting the capital with the Bulgarian-Serbian border. Slivnitsa is part of Sofia Province and is close to the towns of Kostinbrod and Dragoman.
Called by historians the "battle of the captains vs the generals," referring to the young Bulgarian army, whose highest rank went up to a captain, the Battle of Slivnitsa was a decisive factor in the victory of the Bulgarian Army over the Serbs between 17 and 19 November 1885. It solidified the unification between the Kingdom of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia.
A small mountain named Viskyar stands out to the south and the southwest of Slivnitsa. The mountain's highest peak is called Mechi Kamak (Мечи камък, "Bear's Stone") and is 1,077 m high. Viskyar is rich in archeological and historical remains. Important strategic and commercial roads, connecting the southern end of the Balkan peninsula with the Danube River and Western Europe, have passed through these lands since Antiquity. An interesting sight is the memorial church, built to the southeast of the Gurgulyat village.
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Slivo Pole
Coordinates: 43°57′N 26°12′E / 43.95°N 26.2°E / 43.95; 26.2
Slivo Pole (Bulgarian: Сливо поле, pronounced: [ˈslivu puˈlɛ]) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Rousse Province. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Slivo Pole Municipality, which lies in the northeastern part of the Province. The town is located five kilometres from the Danube, along the main road from Rousse to Silistra. As of December 2009, it has a population of 3,169 inhabitants.
Slivo Pole was proclaimed a town on 29 November 2002. Tatars had settled in the area following the Crimean War (1853–1856), as well as Bulgarians from Rousse and from Romania after 1863. The village was known as Islepol and Slepovo and was officially named Slivo Pole ("plum field") in 1912, as it was called so by the travellers who would stay in the local inn which had a big plum orchard.
Slivo Pole municipality covers an area of 276 square kilometres and includes the following 11 places:
The municipality has a relative Bulgarian majority at 44%, with Turks ranking second at 32% and the remainder being composed of Roma (18%) and Bulgarian Muslims (6%).
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Smolyan
Smolyan (Bulgarian: Смолян) is a town and ski resort in the very south of Bulgaria not far from the border with Greece. It is the administrative and industrial centre of the homonymous Smolyan Province. The town is situated in the valley of the Cherna ("Black") and the Byala ("White") Rivers in the central Rhodopes at the foot of the mountains' highest part south of the popular ski resorts Pamporovo and Chepelare. As of February 2011, it has a population of 30,283 inhabitants.
According to archaeological evidence, the area around Smolyan was first settled in the 2nd-1st millennium BC. In the Middle Ages it acquired its name from the Slavic tribe, the Smolyani, who settled in the region in the 7th century. During the Middle Ages, it was ruled by the Part of the Byzantine and Bulgarian Empires. For a while during the 14th-century it came under the control of the Bulgarian feudal lord Momchil, alongside the whole Rhodope mountains, before eventually being subjugated by the Ottoman Empire. Smolyan remained under Ottoman rule for five centuries, a township of the Ottoman Gümülcine sanjak in Edirne vilayet between 1867 and 1912. It was known in Ottoman Turkish as Paşmaklı or Ahiçelebi.
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Smyadovo
Smyadovo (Bulgarian: Смядово, pronounced [ˈsmjaduvu]; also transliterated Smjadovo or Smiadovo) is a town in eastern Bulgaria, part of Shumen Province. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Smyadovo Municipality, which lies in the southeastern part of the province. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 4,036 inhabitants.
Smyadovo lies in the southeastern Danubian Plain, at the northern foot of the eastern Balkan Mountains. It was first mentioned in early Ottoman times (Evliya Çelebi mentions it as Smedovak) and was proclaimed a town in 1969.
Smyadovo Cove in Rugged Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Smyadovo.
Smyadovo municipality covers an area of 354 square kilometres (of which 180 square kilometres arable) and includes the following 10 places:
Media related to Smyadovo at Wikimedia Commons
Coordinates: 43°04′N 27°01′E / 43.067°N 27.017°E / 43.067; 27.017
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Sofia
Sofia (Bulgarian: София, pronounced [ˈsɔfijɐ] ( listen)) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria and the 15th largest city in the European Union with a population of 1.2 million people. It is located in western Bulgaria, at the foot of Mount Vitosha and approximately at the centre of the Balkan Peninsula.
Prehistoric settlements were excavated in the centre of the present city, near the royal palace, as well as in outer districts Slatina and Obelya. The well-preserved town walls (especially their substructures) date back before the 7th century BC, when Thracians established their city around a mineral spring, which exists to the present day. Sofia has had several names in the different periods of its existence. Its ancient name, Serdika or Serdica, derives from the local Celtic tribe of the serdi who inhabited the region since the 1st century BC. Serdica was a Roman capital during the tetrarchic system of government. During the Middle Ages, it was one of the major commercial centres of the Bulgarian Empire, along with Tarnovo. Sofia's population remained small until 1879, when it was declared a capital of the Principality of Bulgaria after the Liberation of Bulgaria from Ottoman rule.
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Sozopol
Sozopol (Bulgarian: Созопол) is an ancient seaside town located 35 km south of Burgas on the southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. Today it is one of the major seaside resorts in the country, known for the Apollonia art and film festival (which takes place in early September) that is named after one of the town's ancient names.
The busiest times of the year are the summer months, ranging from May to September as tourists from around the world come to enjoy the weather, sandy beaches, history and culture, fusion cuisine (Bulgarian, Greek, Turkish), and atmosphere of the colourful resort. The increasing popularity of the town has led to it being dubbed the Bulgarian St. Tropez, seeing stars like Ralph Fiennes, Brad Pitt, Angelina Jolie and Goldfrapp exploring its beauty and charm.
Part of Burgas Province and administrative centre of the homonymous Sozopol Municipality, as of December 2009, the town has a population of 5,410 inhabitants.
One of the most active and popular mayors had been Nikola Kaloyanov,[citation needed] who initiated numerous infrastructure changes to modernize the town in the 70s.[citation needed]
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Sozopol Municipality
Coordinates: 42°17′N 27°26′E / 42.283°N 27.433°E / 42.283; 27.433The Sozopol Municipality is located in the southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast and borders Burgas Municipality and Primorsko Municipality. The coast stretches 51 km of which 17.1 km are excellent beaches. There are many small bays and peninsulas as well as several isles. The climate is favourable for growing different crops such as grapes, apples, peaches, cherries, strawberries and others. Sozopol is the biggest fishing port of the country with two major plants processing fish. Tourism is now the most important industry with more than 50,000 beds in the territory of the municipality. As of 2006 the population is 13,401.
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Spain
Spain (i/ˈspeɪn/ SPAYN; Spanish: España, pronounced: [esˈpaɲa] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a sovereign state and a member of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north and north east by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla, that border Morocco. Furthermore, the town of Llívia is a Spanish exclave situated inside French territory. With an area of 504,030 square kilometres (194,610 sq mi), it is the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union after France, and the fourth largest country in Europe after Russia, Ukraine and France.
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Sredets
Sredets (Bulgarian: Средец) is a town in southeastern Bulgaria, part of Burgas Province, located in the proximity of Lake Mandrensko and the northern slopes of Strandzha. During the Ottoman rule it was known as Karabunar and later as Grudovo (1960–1992).
Sredets is the administrative centre of the homonymous Sredets Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 9,238 inhabitants.
Although the area of Sredets has been inhabited since antiquity and a Bulgarian and Byzantine fortress existed nearby during the Middle Ages, the modern town was first mentioned in 1595 by one of the foreign travellers who passed through, as well as in Ottoman tax registers of 1676–1731.
Charles XII of Sweden is known to have stayed overnight in the village in 1713 en route to Constantinople and Sophronius of Vratsa worked as a teacher in Karabunar in 1792–1793. Russian Army data from 1827 mentions it as a purely Bulgarian village and it was visited by Vasil Levski in 1868.
After the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878 the village was renamed Sredets in 1934. It became a town in 1960 and was renamed Grudovo in honour of Todor Grudov, a leader of the Bulgarian Communist Party-organized September Uprising of 1923. In 1992 its older name Sredets was reinstated.
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St. Anastasia Island
St. Anastasia Island (Bulgarian: остров св. Анастасия, ostrov Sv. Anastasiya, formerly called Bolshevik Island, остров Болшевик) is a Bulgarian islet in the Black Sea. It is located 1.5 km off the coast near Chernomorets, at 12 metres above sea level, and embraces a territory of 0.022 km². It is the only inhabited island off the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast.
The island is supplied with electricity and drinking water. It is named after the former St. Anastasia convent located on it. The convent had existed since the Middle Ages and was reconstructed during the 18th-19th century. which has been abandoned since 1923, when the island was transformed into a prison.
In 1925, a group of 43 political prisoners (communists and anti-fascists), led by Teohar Bakardzhiev, revolted and escaped from the island, subsequently fleeing to the Soviet Union. In their honor, the island was renamed Bolshevik Island when the communists came into power in 1945. Bulgarian film director Rangel Valchanov based his 1958 film On The Small Island (Bulgarian: "На малкия остров") on this event.
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St. Cyricus Island
St. Cyricus Island (Bulgarian: остров св. Кирик, ostrov sv. Kirik), also known as St. Cyril Island or Sts. Quiricus and Julietta Island is a Bulgarian island in the Black Sea, situated 150 metres from Sozopol's Stolets peninsula. It has an area of about 0,08 square kilometres and a height of 15 metres. The island is connected to the continent by means of a road and a breakwater. Unlike most other Bulgarian Black Sea island, its infrastructure is completely set up.
The island was named after the medieval Monastery of Sts. Quiricus and Julietta, the ruins of which still stand there. The monastery was subordinate to the major stauropegic monastery on the nearby St. Ivan Island In 1925-1926, a school for fishermen and sailors was built on the island, where only orphans were allowed to study. The school existed only for a mere 10 years, as in 1936 its base was reorganized to accommodate the Bulgarian Naval Academy. Until recently, the island was a restricted area, where Bulgarian Navy ships were anchored.
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St. Ivan Island
St. Ivan Island (Bulgarian: остров св. Иван, ostrov sv. Ivan) is the largest Bulgarian island in the Black Sea, with an area of 0.66 square kilometres (0.25 sq mi). It lies off the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast near Sozopol, a town with rich history and a popular tourist place, and is separated by a strait several hundred metres long from the small neighbouring St. Peter Island. Standing at 33 metres (108 ft) above sea level, it is also the highest of the Bulgarian sea islands. It lies 920 metres (0.57 mi) from the Stolets peninsula, the location of Sozopol's Old Town.
Around the 7th-4th century BC, the island was populated by Thracians. After Sozopol (Apollonia) was conquered by the Romans in 72 BC, a lighthouse was built on the island. Next to the Thracian sanctuary, the locals built a temple of Apollo featuring a bronze statue by Calamis standing 13.2 metres (43 ft) in height, making it easy to see from the city. A complex of buildings was constructed around the temple in the southeastern part of the island, including health stations, inns, etc.
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St. Thomas Island
St. Thomas Island (Bulgarian: остров св. Тома, ostrov sv. Toma) or Snake Island (Змийски остров, Zmiyski ostrov) is a Bulgarian island in the Black Sea, 15 km south of Sozopol. It has an area of 0,012 square kilometres and is the only place in Bulgaria where wild cacti grow, brought from Bratislava, Slovakia and planted on the orders of Tsar Boris III in 1933. They have covered most of the island since then.
St. Thomas Island is named after a chapel dedicated to Saint Thomas that once existed on it. Snake Island, the alternate name, refers to the abundant grey water snakes that inhabit it, feeding on fish. The island is part of the Ropotamo nature reserve and lies 0,2 nautical miles southeast of the Humata Foreland in the Arkutino Bay.
St. Thomas Island from Arkutino
St. Thomas Island
Wild cacti
Coordinates: 42°25′12″N 27°42′00″E / 42.42°N 27.7°E / 42.42; 27.7
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Stamboliyski
Stamboliyski (Bulgarian: Стамболийски) is a town in southern Bulgaria, part of Plovdiv Province. It emerged in 1873-1875, when the Istanbul-Belovo railway was built. It was initially called Gara Krichim ('Krichim Station') after the largest village in the vicinity then, Krichim.
The first settlers came from Brestovitsa and Perushtitsa, which together with railway workers from Peshtera established a village north of the railway line, which in 1926 had 224 residents. Refugees from the parts of Thrace and Macedonia under foreign rule arrived in 1926-1928 and the population grew to 554 in 1934. Industrialist from the larger cities founded factories in Gara Krichim and the village developed into a regional centre of industry and transport. It was proclaimed a town in 1964, and after the village of Krichim also acquired town status in 1969, it was renaimed Novi Krichim ('New Krichim'). In 1979, the name was changed to Stamboliyski in honour of Aleksandar Stamboliyski, a former Prime Minister of Bulgaria and agrarian leader.
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Stara Zagora
Stara Zagora (Bulgarian: Стара Загора) is the sixth-largest city in Bulgaria, and a nationally important economic center. Located in Southern Bulgaria, it is the administrative capital of the homonymous Stara Zagora Province. As of February 2011, the city has a population of 136,363 inhabitants. According to Operative Program Regional Development of Bulgaria the agglomeration of Stara Zagora is the sixth largest in Bulgaria and has a population of 213,444 inhabtans [1](page 39).
Stara Zagora is known as the city of straight streets, linden trees, and poets.
The city of Stara Zagora is one of the oldest cities in Europe with an eight thousand-year history. The favourable geographic and climatic conditions of the territory around Stara Zagora contributed to the establishment of several prehistoric settlements in the remote past. More than 100 prehistoric mounds from the 6th to 3rd millennium BC were found in the vicinity of Stara Zagora. One of them, the Bereketska mound, is the largest in Bulgaria, containing traces of people that lived there from the New Stone Age (6th millennium BC) to the Middle Ages (12th century). A prehistoric settlement can be found within the city itself. Two dwellings from the New Stone Age are preserved in the Neolithic Dwellings Museum. These are the best preserved dwellings from the New Stone or Neolithic Age (6th millennium BC) in Europe and contain a rich collection of tools and artefacts. The oldest copper mines in Europe (5th millennium BC) were found 8 km (4.97 mi) east of the city, A considerable amount of copper ore was extracted from the 11 mines by the ancient inhabitants of this land who traded with it throughout the continent.
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Straldzha
Straldzha (Bulgarian: Стралджа) is a small town in Yambol Province, Southeastern Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Straldzha Municipality. As of december 2009, the town has a population of 6,021 inhabitants.
Coordinates: 42°36′N 26°41′E / 42.6°N 26.683°E / 42.6; 26.683
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Strazhitsa
Strazhitsa (Bulgarian: Стражица, pronounced [ˈstraʒit͡sə]; also transliterated Stražica, Strazhica, Strazhitza, etc.) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Veliko Tarnovo Province. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Strazhitsa Municipality, which lies in the eastern part of the Province. The town is located in the central Danubian Plain, not far from the Balkan Mountains, 45 kilometres northeast of the provincial capital of Veliko Tarnovo. As of December 2009, it has a population of 5,170 inhabitants.
The town was badly damaged by an earthquake with a magnitude of 5.7 on 7 December 1986. Strazhitsa has an art gallery, an Eastern Orthodox church dedicated to the Dormition of the Mother of God, as well as a museum of local history. Strazhitsa's name comes from the Bulgarian root strazh (страж), meaning "guard".
Strazhitsa municipality covers an area of 512 square kilometres and includes the following 22 places:
Coordinates: 43°14′N 25°58′E / 43.233°N 25.967°E / 43.233; 25.967
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Strelcha
Strelcha (Bulgarian: Стрелча) is a small Bulgarian town with a population of 4,858 as of September 2005[update]. The town lies 13 km to the east of Panagyurishte and 41 km to the north of Pazardzhik and is part of Pazardzhik Province. It is situated in the southern skirts of the Sredna Gora mountain and huddles in a beautiful valley.
The favourable microclimate, nature and mineral water springs, combined with the rich history and natural sights, have turned Strelcha into a national spa resort all around the year. Even if the town's tourism industry has decayed somewhat in the early post-communist period, its tourist product has started to revive in the last couple of years.
The most important sight in the town is arguably the Bulgarian Orthodox Archangel Michael Church-Monument dedicated to the citizens of Strelcha that were killed during the April Uprising of 1876. Their names can be seen inscribed on both sides of the church. Moreover, at night visitors can enjoy the colourful images and the music of a singing fountain in the central square of the town.
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Suhindol
Suhindol (Сухиндол) is a town in north central Bulgaria, part of Veliko Tarnovo Province. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Suhindol Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 2,146 inhabitants.
Its position in the middle of the Danubian Plain creates excellent conditions for growing wine grapes. The local co-operative "Gamza" is famous for producing wines from the local vine with the same name. In addition, Suhindol winemakers craft Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon, as well as a local variety "Dimyat". The town's proximity to a large dam on the Rositsa river and to the foothills of the Balkan Mountains make it a favourable tourist destination. The Rositza River near this town is known to hold "som" or European Catfish and some of them reach lengths of over 2 meters, especially the ones that live in the dam Alexandar Stamboliiski.
Suhindol is one of the most well-known and wealthiest historical Bulgarian settlements. It is known as Bulgarian Champagne by the lovers of Bacchus. According to archeologists of the Veliko Turnovo's museum, signs of human settlement in the area date to the Neolithic (New Stone) age - approx. 6000 years B.C. They have dated remains of domiciles, captured springs, ceramic fragments, jewelry, household items (hammers, woodworking instruments and bowls) and there is evidence of settlement and activity throughout the centuries. Suhindol has existed as a town for over a century. According to the archaeologist Polichronii Sirku who visited the town in 1878, a wealthy Roman village existed in the vicinity. Folk tales tell that the town is ancient, however, the age it is not established with any certainty. In the area of "Seltze" there are remnants of a settlement dating back to the 2nd century and in the neighborhood of "Drachevo" a medieval fort known as "Diritza" existed. The ancient name of Suhindol was "Seoundal".
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Sungurlare
Sungurlare (Bulgarian: Сунгурларе, pronounced [suŋɡurˈlarɛ]) is a town in southeastern Bulgaria, part of Burgas Province. It is the administrative centre of Sungurlare municipality, which lies in the northwestern part of Burgas Province.
Sungurlare lies in a valley 80 kilometres west-northwest of Burgas, 25 kilometres west of Karnobat. The area has been inhabited since antiquity, with several Thracian mounds, pottery and Ancient Roman coins discovered. The present town was first mentioned in Ottoman tax registers in the 16th century. 44 local families moved to present Ukraine during the Ottoman rule of Bulgaria, founding Bulgarian colonies in Crimea.
The town is a well-known centre of winery in Bulgaria, with strong traditions in the production of Bulgarian wine. A museum dedicated to viticulture and winery was founded in Sungurlare in 1984, accommodated in the 1882 house of rich local wine dealers.
Sungurlare municipality includes the following 30 places:
Eastern Orthodox church in Sungurlare
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Sunny Beach
Coordinates: 42°41′35″N 27°42′30″E / 42.69306°N 27.70833°E / 42.69306; 27.70833
Sunny Beach (Bulgarian: Слънчев бряг, Slanchev Briag / Slanchev Bryag / Slunchev Briag / Slunchev Bryag) is a major seaside resort on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria, located approximately 35 km north of Burgas in Nessebar municipality, Burgas Province. It is the biggest and most popular holiday resort in Bulgaria, and is home to over 800 hotels with more than 300 000 beds. There are also 130 restaurants and numerous live music bars, pubs, nightclubs, discos, cafes. It has been undergoing continuous expansion for many years. In recent years almost the whole hotel base has been renovated and several new luxurious hotels have been built as well as many apartment complexes. It is widely believed in Bulgaria that Sunny Beach was heavily overdeveloped in the 2000s to the detriment of its greenery, former serenity, safety, and the quality of public services.
Sunny Beach has a very small permanent population, but during the summer the resort is home to many thousands of tourists. The main strip of high-rise hotels backing onto the beach is several kilometers long and extends along a wide bay between Sveti Vlas and Nessebar.
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Suvorovo
Suvorovo (Bulgarian: Суворово, pronounced [suˈvɔruvu]) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Varna Province. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Suvorovo Municipality, which lies in the northwestern part of the Province. The town is located in the southwestern part of the Dobruja plateau, 34 kilometres northwest of the provincial capital of Varna, 56 kilometres southwest of Dobrich and 59 kilometres east of Shumen. As of December 2009, it has a population of 4,723 inhabitants.
Suvorovo was named after Generalissimus Alexander Suvorov, one of the famous Russian military commanders, who won a decisive battle of the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774 in the vicinity of the modern town. The town has a historical museum, a community centre (chitalishte), an Eastern Orthodox church dedicated to the Ascension of Jesus and a mosque. The town's old names were Kozludzha and Nov Gradets.
Suvorovo municipality covers an area of 216 square kilometres (of which 61% arable) includes the following 9 places:
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Svilengrad
Svilengrad (Bulgarian: Свиленград) is a town in Haskovo Province, South-central Bulgaria, situated at the border of Turkey and Greece. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Svilengrad Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 18,132 inhabitants.
Svilengrad is close to the road borders of Greece and Turkey (supposedly one of the largest road customs in Europe). Svilengrad is located ESE of Sofia and Plovdiv, South of Varna and Burgas, West of Edirne and North of the nearest Greek community Ormenio and Alexandroupoli in Greece. There is a higher level of employment than in surrounding villages. Most people work for customs and border related industries e.g. TIR servicing, hotels, border police, etc. The town centre has a pedestrianized high street mostly filled with cafes, bars, phone shops and hotels. The town has 3 DVD rental shops, two cinemas and a library. The Maritsa river flows west of Svilengrad. The Evros Prefecture and Trigono of Greece is bordered to the south. The Rhodope mountains lie to the west and southwest. The area to the southwest is famous for its fruit trees.
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Svishtov
Svishtov (Bulgarian: Свищов, known as Свѣщний / Sveshtniy in old Bulgarian) is a town in northern Bulgaria, located in Veliko Tarnovo Province on the right bank of the Danube river opposite the Romanian town of Zimnicea. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Svishtov Municipality. With a population of 35,923 inhabitants, as of December 2009, the town is the second largest in the province after the city of Veliko Tarnovo and before Gorna Oryahovitsa.
Svishtov is situated in northern central Bulgaria on the right bank of the Danube river in its southernmost point, across from Zimnicea, Romania. The town lies 237 km (147.26 mi) north-east of the capital Sofia, and 251 km (155.96 mi) west of the major Black Sea port of Varna. Other important cities in the region are Pleven (80 km) and Ruse (90 km).
The port of Svishtov is the southernmost harbour on the Danube. It is served around the clock by the Svishtov-Zimnich ferry — a regular operation Ro-ro ferryboat across the Danube between Svishtov and Zimnicea. The ferry shortens the road path to and from Turkey to Central and Western Europe by 140 km (86.99 mi) when compared to the traditional route over the Danube Bridge at Ruse-Giurgiu and allows a time gain of nearly 4 hours thus avoiding the traffic in and around the city of Bucharest.
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Svoge
Svogue (Bulgarian: Своге, read & pronounced "Svogué") is a town in western Bulgaria, part of Sofia Province. It is located in the gorge of the Iskar River, at the place where the mountains Mala planina, Golema planina and Ponor meet, 40 km north of the capital Sofia.
Svogue's name comes from the Bulgarian word svod (свод), meaning "vault, arch", due to the town's location as a vault where the rivers Iskar and Iskretska meet. In the local vernacular, svod got transformed to svogue. The city is one of the fastest developing in Bulgaria. Svogue Municipality is one of the largest municipalities in Bulgaria and includes also 36 villages, the town of Svogue itself and an additional abandoned village - Manastirishte.
Svoge Knoll on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Svogue.
Near Lakatnik which is 20 km from Svogue is one of the famous and most visited climbing place in Bulgaria with more than 300 climbing routes.
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Targovishte
Targovishte (Bulgarian: Търговище, "marketplace"; Turkish: Eski Cuma) is a city in Bulgaria, capital of Targovishte Province. It is situated at the northern foot of the low mountain of Preslav on both banks of the Vrana River. The town is 335 km north-east of the capital Sofia and about 125 km west of the city of Varna and Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. As of February 2011, it has a population of 36,969 inhabitants.
Targovishte is known as an old market settlement.
First mentioned in 1573 in Ottoman tax registers, it was already an administrative centre in 1658. In the 18th and 19th centuries it became a famous market for animals and craft products called Eski Cuma ("old bazaar"). A monastical school was opened in the 18th century and a secular one, called the Slaveykov School and situated in the old Varosha Quarter was established in 1846, with Petko Slaveykov being a teacher there; a chitalishte was also built. Industrial development began after the Second World War. Factories producing car batteries and machines for the food industry were opened; later, furniture and textile industries developed. One of Bulgaria's largest wine production factories is located there. Targovishte is home to one of the largest glass factories in Europe. The investment in the factory was $380,000,000 and employs 1,500 people.
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Tervel (town)
Tervel (Bulgarian: Тервел, pronounced [ˈtɛrvɛl]) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Dobrich Province. It is the administrative centre of Tervel Municipality, which lies in the westernmost part of the province. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 6,667 inhabitants.
The old Ottoman Turkish name of the town was Kurtbunar ("well of the wolves"): the village was first mentioned in Ottoman tax registers of 1673, although the area has been inhabited continuously since antiquity by the Getae tribe of Thracians, then the Slavs and the Bulgars, and constituted a part of the Bulgarian Empire during most of the Middle Ages. In 1878, Kurtbunar became part of the newly-liberated Principality of Bulgaria and it was promoted to a district centre of Silistra County on 26 July 1882. The village was part of Romania along with all of Southern Dobruja between 1913 and 1940, and the name was rendered as Curtbunar. It was also a district centre of Durostor County under Romanian rule. The modern Bulgarian name honours Tervel of Bulgaria, a successful 8th-century Bulgarian monarch. The former village was proclaimed a town in January 1960.
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Teteven
Teteven (Bulgarian: Тетевен) is a town on the banks of the Vit river, at the foot of Stara Planina mountain in north central Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Teteven Municipality which is a part of Lovech Province. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 10,613 inhabitants.
The town was first mentioned in a written document in 1421. It is thought that the town's name comes from the family of a certain Tetyo (Tetyov rod), who settled in the area and founded the town. Older variants of the town's name found in documents are Tetyuven and Tetyuvene.
A thriving city in the 16th and 17th century, Teteven was raided by organized Turkish brigand groups in 1801, burnt down and almost completely destroyed, with only 4 houses surviving out of a total of 3,000. The town later revived and was active in the armed struggle for Bulgarian independence in the 19th century, sheltering a revolutionary committee from Vasil Levski's organized rebel network.
Each summer a large chess tournament, one of the biggest events in Bulgaria's chess calendar, is held in Teteven.
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Topolovgrad
Topolovgrad (Bulgarian: Тополовград, "town of poplars") is a town in south-central Bulgaria, part of Haskovo Province, situated at the northern foot of the Sakar Mountain. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Topolovgrad Municipality. According to the 2011 census, the town has a population of 5588 inhabitants.
Until 1934 the town was known as Kavakli, a name deriving from the Turkish word kavak, "poplar", under this name it was also known by its Greek inhabitants.
Topolovgrad and the surrounding area have been inhabited since ancient times, as evidenced by the dolmens found at Hlyabovo and the Paleokastro fortress that may have been built by the Thracians.[citation needed]
Until early 20th century the town was predominatly inhabited by Greeks (96 percent) and hosted Greek schools and churches. Although a Greek majority town, after 1906, the Bulgarian government appointed the first Bulgarian mayor. From 1906 to 1925, about 4,000 Greeks left the town and its surroundings and settled in Greek Macedonia. They were replaced by groups of Bulgarian refugees from Western Thrace, Eastern Thrace, Asia Minor and Macedonia.
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Tran, Bulgaria
Tran (Bulgarian: Трън, meaning "thorn") is a small town in Pernik Province, western Bulgaria. It is 27 kilometres away from the town of Breznik and 15 km from the border with Serbia.
The town was first mentioned in 1451 as Tran; its name was also rendered as Turun, Tuin, Turan, Taran throughout the 15th–16th centuries. Under the Ottoman Empire it belonged to the Sanjak of Niš.
One distinctive feature of the town is the dialect of the Bulgarian language spoken in Tran, which is part of the Torlakian dialect group, which is transitional to Serbian, making it hard for Bulgarians from e.g. Pernik to understand.[citation needed] The Erma River which flows from the town has formed a magnificent george known as Transko Zhdrelo. Tran holds the Bulgarian lowest temperature record at −38.3°C (−36.94°F) registered in the winter of 1947.
Tran is the seat of Tran municipality (part of Pernik Province), which includes the following 52 places:
The town has a humid continental climate with large temperature amplitudes, similar to that of Sofia. The lowest temperature in Bulgaria −38.3 °C (−36.9 °F) was recorded in Tran in January 1947.
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Trastenik
Trastenik (Bulgarian: Тръстеник, also transliterated Trustenik, Trǎstenik, etc.) is a town in central northern Bulgaria, part of Dolna Mitropoliya municipality, Pleven Province. It lies 18 kilometres northwest of Pleven and 30 kilometres south of the Danube, between the Vit and Iskar rivers.
Although several ancient mounds and traces of Roman settlement dating to the 1st-2nd century have been discovered by archaeologists, the earliest written data regarding modern Trastenik dates to the 15th century. The town has an Eastern Orthodox church, the Church of the Dormition of the Theotokos, built between 1880 and 1886, as well as a community centre (chitalishte) named after Neofit Rilski.
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Troyan
Troyan (also spelled Troian, Bulgarian: Троян) is a town in Lovech Province in central Bulgaria with population of 21,997 inhabitants, as of December 2009,. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Troyan Municipality. The town is about 160 km away from the country capital Sofia. The nearest civilian airport is Gorna Oryahovitsa, 105 km away. The river of Beli Osam passes through the heart of the town.
Minko Akimov of Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria has been the town's mayor since 2007.
Troyan was named a town in 1868, when it developed as a craft center for the region. After the liberation it grows slowly. A spark in the town growth was the creation of a small water electrical plant and textile factories. In 1948, the town was connected to the railway Lovech – Levski – Svishtov. Later in time factories producing electrical motors, electrotechnical products, building machines, wool and furniture developed in the town.
The Troyan region is home to the cultural and historical site of the Troyan Monastery. August 15 is the day of the Monastery's Patron Saint, when thousands of people from the country gather to celebrate and see a unique icon of Mary. The icon is unique in that Mary has three hands made of silver. The origins of the icon are unknown but there are many stories, some of which involve miracles.
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Tryavna
Tryavna (Bulgarian: Трявна) is a town in central Bulgaria, situated in the north slopes of the Balkan range, on the Tryavna river valley, near Gabrovo. It is famous for its textile industry and typical National Revival architecture, featuring 140 cultural monuments, museums and expositions. Tryavna is the birthplace of Bulgarian writer Pencho Slaveykov and revolutionary Angel Kanchev.
The town is the administrative centre of the eponymous Tryavna Municipality. As of December 2009, it has a population of 9,831 inhabitants.
The village was founded as early as the Thracian Era. However, the first documents of its existence date back to the 12th century. During Ottoman Bulgaria period locals defended the pass and enjoyed privileges for this reason. Only Bulgarians lived in the town;. During the period of Bulgarian National Revival, the town was heavily involved in the development of crafts. Houses from this period feature their own architectural design. The ground floors had irregular forms and housed craftsmen and traders. The upper floors featured wooden bow-windows, the roofs were covered with well arranged rocks.
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Tsarevo
Tsarevo (Bulgarian: Царево, also transliterated Carevo or Tzarevo; formerly known as Michurin, Bulgarian: Мичурин and Vasiliko, Greek: Βασιλικόν) is a town and seaside resort in southeastern Bulgaria, an administrative centre of the homonymous Municipality of Tsarevo in Burgas Province. It lies on a cove 70 km southeast of Burgas, on the southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast at the eastern foot of Strandzha mountain. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 5,884 inhabitants.
Underwater archaeological surveys have discovered amphoras from the Late Antiquity (4th–6th century) and import red-polished pottery made in Constantinople, Syria and North Africa, which indicates prospering trade in the area at the time. The city's southern peninsula has remains of a medieval fortress.
The town was first mentioned as Vasiliko by the 12th-century Arab geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi. Whether it existed during the First Bulgarian Empire is unknown. In the 15th and 16th century, Vasilikoz was an Ottoman port. According to 17th-century traveller Evliya Çelebi, in 1662 the town Vasilikoz Burgas comprised a square fortress on a ridge overlooking the Black Sea surrounded by plenty of vineyards. Although its cove was suitable even for the largest of ships, it was usually avoided by the seamen because it offered little protection from the powerful eastern winds.
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Turkey
Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye), known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( Türkiye Cumhuriyeti (help·info)), is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia (mostly in the Anatolian peninsula) and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea is to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between East Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. The vast majority of the population are Muslims. The country's official language is Turkish, whereas Kurdish and Zazaki languages are spoken by Kurds and Zazas, who constitute 18% of the population.
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Tutrakan
Coordinates: 44°3′N 26°37′E / 44.05°N 26.617°E / 44.05; 26.617
Tutrakan (Bulgarian: Тутракан, Romanian: Тurtucaia) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, an administrative centre of the homonymous municipality, part of Silistra Province. It is situated on the right bank of the Danube opposite the Romanian town of Olteniţa (to which it is linked through a ferry), in the very west of Southern Dobruja, 58 km east of Rousse and 62 km west of Silistra. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 9,476 inhabitants.
The town was founded by the Ancient Romans in the end of the first half of the 1st century under the name Transmarisca. The settlement was part of the Roman military boundary in the 1st and 3rd century and reached its apogee in the 4th century, when, under the personal management of Diocletian, it was made one of the largest strongholds of the Danubian limes.
The ancient town and fortress were destroyed in the beginning of the 7th century and the modern town carrying its present name emerged in the end of the century, remaining a military centre through the Middle Ages as part of the Bulgarian Empire, which was conquered by the Ottomans in the late 14th century.
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Tvarditsa
Tvarditsa (Bulgarian: Твърдица) is a town in Sliven Province, Southeastern Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Tvarditsa Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 5,669 inhabitants.
Tvarditsa is located on the southern slopes of Stara Planina. The area around is known as the Tvarditsa Coal Basin, the only place in the country where soft coal is mined.
Tvarditsa Rocks in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica are named after Tvarditsa. The Bessarabian Bulgarian village of Tvardiţa in Taraclia District, Moldova, was founded by refugees from Tvardisa, who named it after their ancestral town.
Main square and city hall
The main road to the Balkan pass
Balkan mountains
Entrance to the Church of Saint Petka
Coordinates: 42°42′N 25°54′E / 42.7°N 25.9°E / 42.7; 25.9
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Tyulenovo
Tyulenovo (Bulgarian: Тюленово, historically Romanian: Calacichioi, Turkish: Kalaç-Köy) is a village and seaside resort on the north Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, part of Shabla Municipality, Dobrich Province.
"Tyulen" means seal in Bulgarian, but seals hadn't been seen in the area since the 1980s.
Its name during Ottoman rule and Romanian rule was Kalaç-Köy (with the meaning of "village of the sword") and Calacichioi, respectively.
The settlement was founded in the Ancient period, probably by the ancient Thracians and in the next periods was part of the Roman, Bulgarian and Ottoman Empires.
Tyulenovo can be reached by taking the old seaside road from Kavarna that passes along the rocky coastline, through the sea resort of Rusalka, and village of Kamen Bryag.
There are about 60 permanent inhabitants, but during the summer there are close to 200 people living here. In the center there are two small hotels, a fishing harbour and a small beach. Dolphins can be seen from the coast and they usually come nearer to the land in the early morning or late afternoon. The caves in the cliffs were used as dwellings, and nowadays backpackers set up camp inside for free accommodation. There is also a great sand beach in Bolata, less than 2 kilometers from Tyulenovo.
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Ugarchin
Ugarchin (Bulgarian: Угърчин) is a town located along the Kamenitsa river in the Lovech Province in central northern Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Ugarchin Municipality. The town is about 30 kilometers away in the west from the main centre of the province - Lovech. As of December 2009, it has a population of 2,832 inhabitants.
Ugarchin is situated in the northern part of the Balkan Mountains at the foot the high peaks and down the river Kamenitsa and its minor tributaries: Lepetora, Sveta, Greshki Dol and others. It is situated in a basin rounded with small hills: Ivan Dyal hill to the south; Visokata Mogila (Chukara) to the east; to the north are Beli Kamak, Sredno Bardo and Zabiti Kamak hills; and to the west are Goli Rat and Chukata.
The Ugarchin town holiday takes place every year on 22 March and the traditional Autumn Fair is every 22 September. The President of Bulgaria Georgi Parvanov visited the town of Ugarchin on 22 March 2006 for the annual football tournament.
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Ukraine
Ukraine (i/juːˈkreɪn/ yew-KRAYN; Ukrainian: Україна, transliterated: Ukrayina, [ukrɑˈjinɑ]; Russian: Украина; Crimean Tatar: Ukraina) is a country in Central and Eastern Europe. Ukraine borders the Russian Federation to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after the Russian Federation.
According to a popular and well established theory, the medieval state of Kievan Rus was established by the Varangians in the 9th century as the first historically recorded East Slavic state which emerged as a powerful nation in the Middle Ages until it disintegrated in the 12th century. By the middle of the 14th century, Ukrainian territories were under the rule of three external powers—the Golden Horde, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Kingdom of Poland. After the Great Northern War (1700–1721) Ukraine was divided between a number of regional powers and, by the 19th century, the largest part of Ukraine was integrated into the Russian Empire with the rest under Austro-Hungarian control. A chaotic period of incessant warfare ensued, with several internationally recognized attempts at independence from 1917 to 1921, following World War I and the Russian Civil War. Ukraine emerged from its own civil war, and on December 30, 1922 Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic became one of the founding republics of the Soviet Union. The Ukrainian SSR's territory was enlarged westward during the civil war shortly before, and after World War II, and further south in 1954 with the Crimea transfer. In 1945, the Ukrainian SSR became one of the founding members of the United Nations.
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Upper Thracian Plain
Coordinates: 42°15′N 26°0′E / 42.25°N 26°E / 42.25; 26
The Upper Thracian Plain (Bulgarian: Горнотракийска низина, Gornotrakiyska nizina) constitutes the northern part of the historical region of Thrace. It is located in southern Bulgaria, between the Sredna Gora mountains to the north and west; the Rhodopes, Sakar and Strandzha to the south; and the Black Sea to the east. A fertile agricultural region, the Upper Thracian Plain proper has an area of 6,032 square kilometres (2,329 sq mi) and an average elevation of 168 metres (551 ft). The plain is part of Northern Thrace (Северна Тракия, Severna Trakiya). The climate is transitional continental. The highest temperature recorded in Bulgaria occurred here: it was 45.2 °C (113.4 °F) at Sadovo in 1916. The precipitation is 550 millimetres (22 in) a year. Important rivers are the Maritsa and its tributaries, the Tundzha, the Stryama, the Topolnitsa, and the Vacha.
Important cities include Plovdiv, Burgas, Stara Zagora, Pazardzhik, Asenovgrad, Haskovo, Yambol and Sliven.
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USA
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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Valchedram
Valchedram (Bulgarian: Вълчедръм [ˈvəltʃɛdrəm]; also transliterated Vǎlčedrǎm, Vulchedrum, etc.) is a town in northwestern Bulgaria, part of Montana Province. It is the administrative centre of Valchedram Municipality, which lies in the northeastern part of Montana Province. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 3,817 inhabitants.
Valchedram is located in the western Danubian Plain, near the Tsibritsa and Danube rivers. The first school in Valchedram was founded in 1780. The town has an imposing Bulgarian Orthodox church of Saint Paraskeva (built in 1936), as well as a small museum.
Valchedram municipality covers an area of 426 square kilometres and includes the following 11 places:
Besides the villages, the municipality also includes the Ibisha Island nature reserve in the Danube. The population is mostly Bulgarian, with a significant Roma minority (around 30%).
Church of Saint Paraskeva (1936)
Monument to the war victims
Coordinates: 43°42′N 23°27′E / 43.7°N 23.45°E / 43.7; 23.45
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Valchi Dol
Valchi Dol (Bulgarian: Вълчи дол [ˈvəltʃi ˈdɔl]; also transliterated Vulchi Dol or Vǎlči Dol) or Valchidol (Vulchidol, Vǎlčidol) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Varna Province. It is the administrative centre of Valchi Dol Municipality, which lies in the northwestern part of the Province. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 3,460 inhabitants.
Valchi Dol is located at the watershed of the Dobruja, Varna and Shumen plateaux. Its name means "wolf's ravine" in Bulgarian, which is also reflected in its old Ottoman Turkish name, Kurtdere. Valchi Dol boasts the first diesel power plant among all villages in Bulgaria, installed in 1929. The village was proclaimed a town in 1974.
Coordinates: 43°24′N 27°33′E / 43.4°N 27.55°E / 43.4; 27.55
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Varbitsa (town)
Varbitsa (Bulgarian: Върбица [vərbit͡sə];[where's the stress?] "little willow", from varba, "willow"; also transliterated Vǎrbica, Varbitza, Varbica, Vurbica, Vurbitza, Vurbitsa) is a town in eastern Bulgaria, part of Shumen Province. It is the administrative centre of Varbitsa Municipality, which lies in the southwestern part of Shumen Province. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 3,585 inhabitants.
Varbitsa is located in the southeastern Danubian Plain, at the foot of the eastern Balkan Mountains, on both banks of the Gerila river. The area was populated in Antiquity by the Thracians and Romans, while the Slavs and Bulgars arrived in the Early Middle Ages. It is thought that the first ruler of the First Bulgarian Empire, Asparuh, settled the Severians in the region of the Varbitsa Pass in order to guard it in the 7th century. The pass was the site of the Battle of Pliska on 26 July 811, during which Krum of Bulgaria's forces routed the Byzantine army, killing and beheading Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I.
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Varna
Coordinates: 43°13′N 27°55′E / 43.217°N 27.917°E / 43.217; 27.917
Varna (Bulgarian: Варна, pronounced [ˈvarnɐ]) is the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast and the third-largest city in Bulgaria after Sofia and Plovdiv with a population of 334,870 inhabitants as of February, 2011. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous province and Varna Municipality. It is the eleventh-largest city in the Balkans after Istanbul, Athens, Bucharest, Sofia, Belgrade, Thessaloniki, Zagreb, Skopje, Tirana and Plovdiv.
Commonly referred to as the marine (or summer) capital of Bulgaria, Varna is a major tourist destination, business and university centre, seaport, and headquarters of the Bulgarian Navy and merchant marine, as well as the centre of Varna Province and Bulgaria's North-Eastern planning region (NUTS II), comprising also the provinces of Dobrich, Shumen, and Targovishte. The Varna Airport with its mainly tourist 1,181,830 passangers (2011) rank third in Bulgaria after the Burgas and Sofia Airport.
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Varshets
Varshets (Bulgarian: Вършец, variously transliterated) is a spa town in Montana Province, northwestern Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Varshets Municipality. As of December 2009, its population is 6,538. The town is located on the northern slopes of the western part of the Balkan mountains in the small valley of the Botunya River, at 43°12′N 23°17′E / 43.2°N 23.283°E / 43.2; 23.283, 359 metres above sea level. One of the oldest and most popular resorts in northern Bulgaria, it is famous for its curative mineral springs, mild mountain climate, beautiful scenery and a large well-kept park. The town has an excellent tourist infrastructure. There are two spa centres, a polyclinic, numerous rest houses, hotels and also many private lodgings. Varshets has an art gallery, a municipal museum and an Eastern Orthodox church dedicated to Saint George.
A 2nd century BC bronze sculpture of a Thracian boy found in the vicinity of the town is today a symbol of Varshets. The modern town is linked to Medeca, a Roman and Byzantine site first mentioned in the 6th century AD. Varshets' existence was also evidenced in 16th century documents. The first state baths in Varshets were built in 1910 and were run by Damyan Ivanov, a balneologist who specialized in Austria-Hungary. The New Baths were built in 1930, and the Sun Garden was arranged in 1934. In 1950, Varshets was proclaimed a national resort.
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Veliko Tarnovo
Veliko Tarnovo (Bulgarian: Велико Търново) is a city in north central Bulgaria and the administrative centre of Veliko Tarnovo Province. Often referred to as the "City of the Tsars", Veliko Tarnovo is located on the Yantra River and is famous as the historical capital of the Second Bulgarian Empire, attracting many tourists with its unique architecture. Until 1965 the name of the town was Tarnovo, and this is still the common name. The old city is situated on three hills, Tsarevets, Trapezitsa and Sveta Gora raising amidst the meanders of the Yantra. Tsarevets housed the palaces of the Bulgarian Emperors and the Patriarchate with the Patriarchal Cathedral, as well as a number of administrative and residential edifices surrounded by thick walls. Trapezitsa was known for its many churches and as the main residence of the nobility. In the Middle Ages it was among the main European centres of culture and gave its name to the architecture of the Tarnovo Artistic School, painting of the Tarnovo Artistic School and literature.
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Velingrad
Velingrad (Bulgarian: Велинград) is a town in Pazardzhik Province, Southern Bulgaria, located at the western end of Chepino Valley, part of the Rhodope Mountains. It is the administrative center of the homonymous Velingrad Municipality and one of the most popular Bulgarian balneological resorts. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 23,686 inhabitants.
The region was inhabited by the Slavs. According to Bulgarian academics, the Dragovichi tribe lived there. The Dragovichi accepted many Thracian customs, but gave them typical Slavic characteristics. Soon after the Bulgar invasion on the Balkans, the whole region was annexed to the First Bulgarian Empire by Malamir.
Velingrad is situated at 750–850 m above sea level. Summers are warm and winters are mild. The average annual temperature is 10°C, while the average July temperature is 19°C. The annual duration of sunshine is about 2,000 hours. The relative air humidity ranges from 65 to 75%. Surrounded by age-old pine tree woods, the town favors abundant sunshine. This exclusively rare and valuable combination has a beneficial influence on the process of ionization (negative ions are prevailing) and is of definite therapeutic importance.
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Vetovo
Coordinates: 43°42′N 26°16′E / 43.7°N 26.267°E / 43.7; 26.267
Vetovo (Bulgarian: Ветово, pronounced [ˈvɛtuvu], locally [ˈvjatuvu]) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Ruse Province. It is the administrative centre of Vetovo Municipality, which lies in the eastern part of the area, and ranks third in population in the province after Ruse and Byala. The town is located 40 kilometres away from the provincial capital - Ruse. As of December 2009, Vetovo has a population of 4,777 inhabitants.
The population of Vetovo mainly consists of Bulgarians, Turks, Crimean Tatars and Roma (both Christian and Muslim). Besides Eastern Orthodox Christians and Muslims, Vetovo also has an Evangelical congregation.[1]
Vetovo municipality has an area of 352 square kilometres and includes the following 7 places:
Besides Vetovo, the municipality includes two other towns: Senovo and Glodzhevo, with the other localities being villages.
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Vidin
Vidin (Bulgarian: Видин, archaically spelled as Widdin in English) is a port town on the southern bank of the Danube in northwestern Bulgaria. It is close to the borders with Serbia and Romania, and is also the administrative centre of Vidin Province, as well as of the Metropolitan of Vidin (since 870). As of February 2011, the town has a population of 47,138 inhabitants.
An agricultural and trade centre, Vidin has a fertile hinterland renowned for its wines.
Vidin is the westernmost important Bulgarian Danube port and is situated on one of the southernmost sections of the river. A ferryboat complex, linking Vidin with Calafat on the opposite side of the river, is located 2 km from the town. The complex is to be replaced by the Vidin-Calafat Bridge probably in the year 2012.
Vidin is the 19th town by population in Bulgaria, but serious demographic problems have been experienced in the area during the last two decades. The number of the residents of the city reached its peak in the period 1988-1991 when exceeded 65,000. The following table presents the change of the population after the liberation of the country in 1878.
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Vratsa
Vratsa (Bulgarian: Враца, also transliterated as Vraca or Vratza, in some languages with a W) is a city in northwestern Bulgaria, at the foothills of the Balkan Mountains. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Vratsa Province. As of February 2011, the town has a population of 60,482 inhabitants.
The city of Vratsa is a commercial and crafts centre and a railway junction. Vratsa accommodates textile, metal processing, chemical, and ceramics industries.
The city of Vratsa is picturesque. It is nestled in the foothills of "Vrachanski Balkan" (Vratsa Mountain), with the Leva River calmly crossing the city, and enormous and fearful rocks overhanging the roofs. The city is 116 km away from the national capital Sofia.
The area has diverse and attractive natural features, which together with the opportunities of recreation gives a special charm of the eastern part of the Northwest Bulgaria. Several protected natural attractions and historical monuments are located on the territory of the Vratsa State Forestry.
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Yablanitsa
Yablanitsa (Bulgarian: Ябланица; also Jablanica, Iablanica, Yablanica, Jablanitsa, Iablanitsa, Jablanitza, Yablanitza, Iablanitza, etc.) is a small town in the westernmost part of Lovech Province, central-north Bulgaria, located in the area of the Pre-Balkan, north of the Stara Planina mountain. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Yablanitsa Municipality. The town is situated 70 kilometres from the capital Sofia, near the Hemus motorway linking Sofia and Varna. It was proclaimed a town in 1968. As of December 2009, Yablanitsa has a population of 2,896 inhabitants.
The town is a noted confectionery production centre, particularly well-known for the local halva and Turkish Delight.
Yablanitsa is the administrative centre of Yablanitsa municipality (part of Lovech Province), which includes the following nine localities:
In Yablanitsa are located couple of districts - ex-villages: Shumnene, Devet Dola etc. One of the most beautiful district is Shumnene, located in the area of Dragoitsa just under a very popular Bulgarian Rock - the Venetsa. The area is known with the nice houses with its incredible panorama view on the whole Balkan and the rock. In nice and clear weather if you go top on the rock you can see also the river of Danube.
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Yakoruda
Yakoruda (Bulgarian: Якоруда) is a Bulgarian town located in the southwestern part of the country. A part of the Blagoevgrad Province, it is the seat of the municipality which is the north-easternmost in the province. The town lies in the Rhodope Mountains, along the Mesta River, 26 km west of the town of Velingrad. Yakoruda was proclaimed a town on 9 September 1964, having previously been officially classified as a village.
A plurality of the residents are Muslim Bulgarians (Pomaks), the rest being for the most part Eastern Orthodox.
Notable natives are Survivor BG season one runner-up Ahmed Shuganov and Minister of Labour and Social Policy Emiliya Maslarova.
Yakoruda is the seat of Yakoruda municipality (part of Blagoevgrad Province), which includes the following 8 places:
Yakoruda Glacier on Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Yakoruda.
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Yalova
Yalova is a city located in northwestern Turkey, on the eastern coast of the Sea of Marmara, and is the capital of the Yalova Province. Yalova has a city population of 92,166, while the population of the Yalova Province is 202,531. as of 2009. The mayor is Yakup Koçal (DP).
In general, it is assumed that the name "Yalova" comes from "Yalıova", which means "plain at the coast." The word "yalı" originates from the Greek yiáli γιαλή (mod. γιαλός), which literally means seashore or beach; while "ova" means plain in Turkish.
The first settlement in the region dates back to the Prehistoric Period, in around 3000 BC. The Hittites ruled the region in the 21st century BC, followed by the Phrygians in the 13th century BC. The region was conquered by the Romans in 74 BC. Following the division of the Roman Empire in 395, the region of Yalova remained under the sovereignty of the Byzantine Empire. In 1302, Yalova was incorporated into the territory of the Ottoman Empire.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk occasionally lived in Yalova in his final years. In one of his speeches he famously said: "Yalova is my city."[citation needed]
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Yambol
Yambol (Bulgarian: Ямбол) is a city in southeastern Bulgaria, an administrative centre of Yambol Province. It lies on both banks of the Tundzha river in the historical region of Thrace. As of February 2011, the town has a population of 72,843 inhabitants. It is occasionally spelt 'Jambol'.
The administrative centres of two municipalities are situated in Yambol. One is of the rural area of Tundzha Municipality and the other is of the homonymous Yambol Municipality that embraces the city itself.
Yambol Peak on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Yambol[citation needed].
The surrounding area has been inhabited since the Neolithic and was the location of the ancient Thracian royal city of Kabyle. It was founded or refounded by Philip II of Macedon as an Ancient Greek polis. Conquered by the Romans, but destroyed by the Avars in 583). Yambol was founded by Roman Emperor Diocletian in AD 293; though it was named Diospolis (Διόςπόλις in Greek 'city of Zeus'), the name also reflected the emperor's name. The name later evolved through Diampolis (Διάμπόλις), Hiambouli (Ηιάμβόυλι; in Byzantine chronicles), Dinibouli (دنبلي; Arabic chronicles), Dbilin (Дбилин; in Bulgarian inscriptions), and Diamboli (Диамбоюли) to become Yambol. As the Slavs and Bulgars arrived in the Balkans in the Middle Ages, the fortress was contested by the Bulgarian Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire, becoming part of Bulgaria in 705 AD during the reign of Khan Tervel. It has been an important Bulgarian center ever since.
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Yantai
Yantai (Chinese: 烟台; pinyin: Yāntái) is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Shandong province, People's Republic of China. Located on the southern coast of the Bohai Sea and the eastern coast of the Laizhou Bay, Yantai borders the cities of Qingdao and Weihai to the southwest and east respectively.
The largest fishing seaport in Shandong and a robust economic center today, Yantai used to be known to the West as Chefoo, a misnomer which refers, in Chinese, solely to Zhifu Island, which is historically governed by Yantai.
The contemporary name of Yantai came from the watchtowers constructed on Mount Qi in 1398, during the reign of the Hongwu Emperor, founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty (yan—smoke; tai—tower). The towers served to raise alarms against invasions of Japanese pirates.
The prefecture-level city of Yantai administers 12 county-level divisions, including 4 districts, 7 county-level cities, 1 county and one development zone.
These are further divided into 148 township-level divisions, including 94 towns, 6 townships and 48 subdistricts.
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Zavet (town)
Zavet (Bulgarian: Завет, pronounced [ˈza.vɛt]; Turkish: Zavut) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Razgrad Province and located in the geographic region of Ludogorie. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Zavet Municipality, which lies in the northern part of Razgrad Province. Zavet is situated in the western Ludogorie Plateau, 12 kilometres from Isperih and Kubrat and 35 kilometres from Tutrakan and Razgrad.
Zavet used to be a village in 1970s, when Ostrovo was the municipal centre. In 1974, Zavet was promoted to the municipal centret, thus depriving Ostrovo of its status.
Zavet municipality includes the following 7 places:
Zavet Saddle on Smith Island, South Shetland Islands is named after Zavet.
Municipality building
A building in the centre of the town
Coordinates: 43°46′N 25°40′E / 43.767°N 25.667°E / 43.767; 25.667
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Zemen
Zemen (Bulgarian: Земен) is a town in Pernik Province, western Bulgaria. Located near the Pchelina Reservoir on the banks of the Struma River, it is the administrative centre of a municipality.
The old name of Zemen was Belovo; it was renamed to Zemen in 1925. The new name was initially only given to the railway station nearby, but it was soon carried over to the village itself. The present name commemorates the medieval castle of Zemlangrad, which was located in the Struma gorge in the vicinity of Zemen. The fortress was first mentioned in the 11th-century Tale of Isaiah as ЗЄМЛЬНЬ ГРАД and as ЗЄМЛЪНЬ in a 15th-16th century Serbian chronicle. The toponym is derived from the Bulgarian word for "land" (земя, zemya) and refers, according to the locals, to the only arable land in the rocky surrounding area.
Proclaimed a town in 1974, Zemen is famous for the medieval Zemen Monastery located on its outskirts. The population of the town is mostly Bulgarian Orthodox.
Zemen Knoll on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Zemen.
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Zlataritsa
Zlataritsa (Bulgarian: Златарица) is a small town situated in the central northern part of Bulgaria, located in Veliko Tarnovo Province and close to the towns of Elena, Rodina, Lyaskovets, Strazhitsa and Antonovo. The city is the administrative center of the Zlataritsa Municipality. The climate of Zlataritsa is characteristic for its location north of the Balkan Mountains, which is typically continental. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 2,558 inhabitants.
Lunna Dolina (Moon Valley) is located in Ribartsi, within the Sredno Selo area of the Balkan Mountains. During the Second Bulgarian Empire when nearby Veliko Tarnovo was the capital of Bulgaria, Moon Valley may have been the summer residence of the ruling Tsars .The local Church of St. Nicholas has recently been declared one of the Bulgarian Monuments of Culture. Three ancient settlements as well eight tombs from the 6th-7th millennium BC have been discovered in the vicinity, and fortress remains have been found in the Gradishte area of the municipality.
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Zlatitsa
Zlatitsa (Bulgarian: Златица) is a town in southern Bulgaria located in the Zlatitsa-Pirdop valley, between Stara Planina to the north and Sredna Gora to the south at 680 meters above the sea level. It is situated immediately south in the lap of the Zlatitsa -Teteven Mountain. Zlatitsa is situated 75 km east of Sofia, 27 km south of Etropole, 32 km north of Panagiurishte, 2 km west of Pirdop and 32 km northwest of Koprivshtitsa. The population is 5,286.
The main highway Sofia - Karlovo - Bourgas as well as the main railway line Sofia - Karlovo - Bourgas pass through it.
Nine kilometers south of Zlatitsa is the Old Kemer – a bridge spanning the river Topolnitsa from Roman times. The church complex called Spasovo Kladenche is 500 meters away from the town. The park monument Kambana can be found in the nearby village of Petrich.
Until the early 1990s, Zlatitsa together with Pirdop formed a single town called Srednogorie.
Coordinates: 42°43′N 24°08′E / 42.717°N 24.133°E / 42.717; 24.133
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Zlatograd
Zlatograd (Bulgarian: Златоград, literally Gold town, Turkish: Darıdere) is a town in Smolyan Province, Southern-central Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Zlatograd Municipality. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 7,110 inhabitants.
Zlatograd is located in a valley between the eastern and central massif of the Rhodope mountains, 60 km away from the province centre - Smolyan. The Greek border lies just 5 km away from the town and on 15 January 2010 the cross-border Zlatograd - Thermes (Greece) road was inaugurated.
During the rule of the Ottoman Empire, the area was a township of the Ottoman Gümülcine sanjak in Edirne vilayet between 1867 and 1912 as "Darıdere".
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Alexander Severus
Severus Alexander (Latin: Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander Augustus; 1 October 208 – 18 or 19 March 235) was Roman Emperor from 222 to 235. Alexander was the last emperor of the Severan dynasty. He succeeded his cousin Elagabalus upon the latter's assassination in 222, and was ultimately assassinated himself, marking the epoch event for the Crisis of the Third Century — nearly fifty years of civil wars, foreign invasion, and collapse of the monetary economy.
Alexander was the heir apparent to his cousin, the eighteen-year-old Emperor who had been murdered along with his mother by his own guards, who, as a mark of contempt, had their remains cast into the Tiber river. He and his cousin were both grandsons of the influential and powerful Julia Maesa, who had arranged for Elagabalus' acclamation as emperor by the famed Third Gallic Legion. It was the rumor of Alexander's death that triggered the assassination of Elagabalus and his mother .
As emperor, Alexander's peace time reign was prosperous. In military conflict against the rising Sassanid Empire, there are mixed accounts, though the Sassanid threat was checked; however, when campaigning against Germanic tribes of Germania, Alexander apparently alienated his legions by engaging in diplomacy and bribery, and they assassinated him.
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Apostol Karamitev
Apostol Milev Karamitev (Bulgarian: Апостол Карамитев) (1923–1973) was a Bulgarian actor, popular throughout the 1960s. He finished acting under the guidance of B. Danovski. Later he specialized in Moscow, Leningrad, Prague and Warsaw. His debut was in the movie "Utro nad rodinata" (Dawn over the Fatherland) in 1951. Arguably his most famous role was that of the twin-brothers Radosvet and Radostin in the black and white classic Lyubimetz 13 (Favourite number 13) He died before finishing his last film - "Svatbite na Yoan Asen" (The marriages of Yoan Asen), so Kosta Tsonev had to take over the role.
wn.com/Apostol_Karamitev -
Boris Aprilov
Boris Aprilov (Bulgarian: Борис Априлов) (March 21, 1921 – April 10, 1995) was a Bulgarian writer, playwright, satirist and humourist, dramaturge, well known for his novels, plays and screenplays, and mostly for his children's literature.
Also known as: Ahasver,Aho, Ahoto, and other aliases in the humorist journal “Sturshel” ("Hornet").
“Boris Aprilov” is the pseudonym of Atanas Vassilev Djavkov, born March 21, 1921, in the small Bulgarian town Malko Tarnovo, where his parents’ families found shelter after the banishment of Bulgarians from the historical Bulgarian lands, left over as Turkish after the Russian-Turkish war - so called Thracian Bulgarians. His fathers Vassil's family lived on welfare in Lozengrad until the liberation of Bulgaria from the Turkish occupation. His mother Nanka was an analphabet orphan from a peasant family, given at a very young age to a much older war invalid in an arranged marriage.
Soon after Boris Aprilov was born, his family moved to the big seaside town Burgas, where his brother Georgi was born.
wn.com/Boris_Aprilov -
Darius I
Darius I, the Great (Old Persian:
Dārayava(h)uš) (550–486 BCE), formally known as Darius the Great, was the third king of the Achaemenid Empire. He held the empire at its peak, when it included much of West Asia, the Caucasus, Central Asia, parts of the Balkans (Bulgaria-Romania-Panonia), portions of north and northeast Africa including Egypt (Mudrâya), eastern Libya, coastal Sudan, Eritrea), as well as most of Pakistan, the Aegean Islands and northern Greece/Thrace-Macedonia.
Darius ascended the throne by overthrowing the alleged magus usurper of Bardiya with the assistance of six other Persian noble families; Darius was crowned the following morning. The new king met with rebellions throughout his kingdom and quelled them each time. A major event in Darius's life was his expedition to punish Athens and Eretria for their aid in the Ionian Revolt and subjugate Greece. Darius expanded his empire by conquering Thrace and Macedon and invading Scythia, home of the Scythians, nomadic tribes who invaded Media and had previously killed Cyrus the Great.
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Georgi Chilikov
Georgi Chilikov (Bulgarian: Георги Чиликов) (known as Chilika) (born August 23, 1978) in Burgas is a retired Bulgarian footballer.
He was part of the Bulgarian 2004 European Football Championship team, which exited in the first round, finishing bottom of Group C, having finished top of Qualifying Group 8 in the pre-tournament phase. Chilikov scored his only goal for the national side in the 2:1 home win against Andorra on 16 October 2002 in a Euro 2004 qualifier.
wn.com/Georgi_Chilikov -
Georgi Djulgerov
Georgi Djulgerov (Bulgarian: Георги Дюлгеров) is an award-winning Bulgarian film director, screenwriter, producer, and professor at the Krastyo Sarafov National Academy for Theatre and Film Arts. Born in Burgas, Bulgaria, on September 30, 1943. Lives and works in Sofia, Bulgaria.
Since graduating the Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography [VGIK] in Moscow in 1970, Georgi Djulgerov has directed numerous feature films and several documentaries, many of which have been shown in the competition or parallel programs of the international film festivals in Berlin, Locarno, Oberhausen, Avellino, Palermo, Rotterdam, Montreal, San Francisco, Batumi (Georgia), Mons, Mannheim-Heidelberg, and Sarajevo. His movies have also been screened in special programs in Warsaw, Paris, New York (Museum of Modern Art), London, Frankfurt-am-Main, Moscow, Kiev, Vienna, Los Angeles, La Rochelle, Riga, Bratislava, Fujisawa, Genoa.
In 1977, his film Advantage (Avantazh) won the Silver Bear for Best Director at the 28th Berlin International Film Festival.
wn.com/Georgi_Djulgerov -
Georgi Kaloyanchev
Georgi Todorov Kaloyanchev (Bulgarian: Георги Калоянчев) is a Bulgarian actor. He was born in the city of Burgas on January 13, 1925. He studied in the former theatrical school in Sofia. Immediately after graduating he started playing in the Ivan Vazov National Theatre. His first role was in the movie Utro nad rodinata (1951) where he stars as the jipsy Sali.
in Bulgarian: Рапсодия в бяло; in English: Rhapsody in White
in Bulgarian: Големите игри; in English: The Big Games
in Bulgarian: След края на Света; in English: After the End of the World; in Greek: Meta to telos tou kosmou; in German: Nach dem Ende der Welt )
in French: Tragédie burlesque
in Bulgarian: Фатална нежност; in English: Fatal Tenderness
in Bulgarian: Пантуди; in English: Pantudi
in Bulgarian: Бай Ганьо тръгва из Европа; in English: Bai Ganyo on His Way to Europe
in Bulgarian: Под игото; in English: Under the Yoke
in Bulgarian: Бай Ганьо; in English: Bai Ganio
in Bulgarian: Карнавалът; in English: The Carnival
in Bulgarian: Брачни шеги; in English: Marital Jokes
wn.com/Georgi_Kaloyanchev -
Georgi Kostadinov
Georgi Kostadinov (born March 3, 1950) is a former boxer from Bulgaria.
Kostadinov won the Olympic Flyweight gold medal at the 1972 Munich Olympic Games for Bulgaria. His results were:
wn.com/Georgi_Kostadinov -
Georgi Mihalev
Georgi Petrov Mihalev (Bulgarian: Георги Петров Михалев) (born July 16, 1968 in Burgas) is a retired backstroke swimmer from Bulgaria. He was a member of the Bulgarian National Swimming Team for the period of 1981 to 1994.
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Goths
The Goths (Gothic: *Gut-þiuda, *Gutans; Old Norse: Gutar/Gotar; German: Goten; Latin: Gothi; Greek: Γότθοι, Gótthoi) were an East Germanic tribe of Scandinavian origin whose two branches, the Visigoths and the Ostrogoths, played an important role in the fall of the Roman Empire and the emergence of Medieval Europe.
The most important source is Jordanes' 6th-century, semi-fictional Getica which describes a migration from southern Scandza (Scandinavia), to Gothiscandza, believed to be the lower Vistula region in modern Pomerania, and from there to the coast of the Black Sea. The Pomeranian Wielbark culture and the Chernyakhov culture northeast of the lower Danube are archaeological traces of this migration. In the 3rd century, either through crossing the lower Danube, or travelling by sea, the Goths ravaged the Balkan Peninsula and Anatolia as far as Cyprus, sacking Athens, Byzantium, Sparta. By the fourth century, the Goths conquered Dacia, and were divided into at least two distinct groups separated by the Dniester River, the Thervingi, led by the Balti dynasty, and the Greuthungi, led by the Amali dynasty. Centered around their capital at the Dnieper, the Goths ruled a vast area which at its peak under the Kings Ermanaric and Athanaric stretched from the Danube to the Volga river, and from the Black to the Baltic Sea.
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Irena Petkova
Irena Petkova (Bulgarian: Ирена Петкова) is a Bulgarian opera singer. The mezzo-soprano Irena Petkova was born in Bourgas, Bulgaria. She graduated from the Pancho Vladigerov State Music Academy,Sofia under professor Lilly Stefanova.
Since 1990 she has solo performed for the Bourgas Opera, where she made her stage debut in the title role of Bizet's Carmen. In 1992 she was awarded the Margarita Mihova scholarship for best mezzo-soprano vocal performance as Rosina in Il Barbiere di Siviglia. Since 1993 she has been soloist for the Sofia National Opera.
Irena Petkova's repertoire includes arias, songs and other vocal pieces belonging to different periods and styles - among them works by Mozart, Verdi, Gluck, Rossini and Bellini. Irena Petkova has been on concert tours with the Bourgas Opera and the Sofia National Opera to Greece, France, Republic of Macedonia, Germany, Switzerland and Austria.
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Kostas Varnalis
Kostas Varnalis (Greek: Κώστας Βάρναλης, 14 February 1884 – 16 December 1974) was a Greek poet.
Varnalis was born in Burgas, Bulgaria, in 1884. As his name suggests, his family originated from Varna. He completed his elementary studies in the Zariphios Greek high school in Plovdiv and then moved to Athens to study literature at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. While there, he became involved in the language dispute, taking the side of the demoticists over the supportres of the katharevousa. After his graduation in 1908 he worked for some time as a teacher in Burgas, before returning to Greece and teaching in Amaliada and Athens. During the next years, he worked as a teacher and part-time journalist, also engaging in translation work. In 1913, he took part in the Second Balkan War.
In 1919 he gained a scholarship and travelled to Paris where he studied philosophy, literature and sociology. It was during his Parisian studies that he became a Marxist and reviewed his ideas on poetry in theory and in practice. His political alignment resulted in his being barred dismissed from his teaching position at the Paedagocical Academny in 1926, and to be barred from any state employment. Varnalis thus took to journalism, a profession he practised until the end of his life. In 1929, he married the poetess Dora Moatsou. In 1935, he participated in the Soviet Writers' Conference in Moscow as Greece's representative. Under the 4th of August Regime, he was sent to internal exile in Mytilene and Agios Efstratios. During the German Occcupation of Greece, he took part in the resistance movement as a member of the National Liberation Front (EAM). In 1959, he was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize. Varnalis died in Athens on 16 December 1974.
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Krum
Krum the Horrible (Bulgarian: Крум) was Khan of Bulgaria, from after 796, but before 803, to 814 AD. During his reign the Bulgarian territory doubled in size, spreading from the middle Danube to the Dnieper and from Odrin to the Tatra Mountains. His able and energetic rule brought law and order to Bulgaria and developed the rudiments of state organization.
In c. 805, Krum took advantage of the defeat of the Avar Khaganate to destroy the remainder of the Avars and to expand his authority across the Carpathians over Transylvania and along the Danube into eastern Pannonia. This resulted in the establishment of a common border between the Frankish Empire and Bulgaria, which would have important repercussions for the policy of Krum's successors.
Krum engaged in a policy of territorial expansion. In 807 the Bulgarian forces defeated the Byzantine army in the Struma valley. In 809 Krum besieged and forced the surrender of Serdica (Sofia). This victory provoked the reaction of the Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I, who proceeded to settle Anatolian populations along the frontier to protect it. He also attempted to retake and refortify Serdica, although this enterprise ultimately failed.
wn.com/Krum -
Nedyalko Yordanov
Nedyalko Yordanov (Bulgarian: Недялко Йорданов) (born 18 January 1940) is a famous Bulgarian poet, playwright, and publicist. He ends the hisghschool(gimnazia) in his hometown Burgas on the Black sea cost.In 1962 ends bulgarian philology in the Sofia university"Sv.Kliment Ohridsky".For the period between 1962 -1963 he works as a teacher in Malko Tarnovo.
Between 1963 and 1983 he is a playwrighter in the Burgas drama theatre. For the period of 1980-1988 he is the main editor of the Almanach "Sea" ("More"bulg.). During 1990 he becomes playwrighter for the theatre "Vazrazhdane" in Sofia.
He beginns publishing in 1954 in the newspaper "Black sea Front",Burgas(Chernomorski front).He is actively cooperating with the daily press.He translates poetry from Russian and Turk languages.His works are translated into Russian,Polish,German and many other languages.
wn.com/Nedyalko_Yordanov -
Nikola Stanchev
Nikola Nikolov Stanchev (Bulgarian: Никола Николов Станчев, September 11, 1930 – July 12, 2009) was a Bulgarian freestyle wrestler.
He was born in Tvarditsa, Burgas province.
He was the 1956 Olympic Games middle weight freestyle wrestling champion - the first Bulgarian Olympics gold medal - and silver medal winner at the World championship in Istanbul the same year.
wn.com/Nikola_Stanchev -
Petya Dubarova
Petya Stoykova Dubarova (Bulgarian: Петя Стойкова Дубарова) (April 25, 1962 - December 4, 1979) was a Bulgarian poet. She was born and lived in the seaside town of Burgas. Dubarova published poems in youth newspapers and magazines such as: Septemvriyche, Rodna Rech, and Mladezh (Youth).
Dubarova's poems have a style of certain frivolity, full of pastel colours and romanticism. Her poetry touches on many eternal subjects like love, the sea, the rain and the youth. Albeit her young age the poems show the language and outlook of a much more mature person, and she certainly was a talent prematurely gone from life. Some of her poems became songs, very popular in Bulgaria since the 1980s: Зимна ваканция (Winter holidays), Пролет (Spring), Доброта (Kindness), Лунапарк (Fun-fair), Нощ над града (Night over the city).
Dubarova committed suicide via sleeping pills overdose on December 4, 1979 at the age of 17.
Petya Dubarova biography at slovo.bg (Bulgarian)
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Prodan Gardzhev
Prodan Stoyanov Gardzhev (Bulgarian: Продан Стоянов Гарджев, April 8, 1936 – July 5, 2003) is a Bulgarian former Olympic Champion in freestyle wrestling in the 1964 Olympics. He also won a bronze medal and finished behind gold medalist Boris Michail Gurevich of the Soviet Union and silver medalist Jigjidiin Mönkhbat of Mongolia at the 1968 Summer Olympics. He is in addition a two-time world champion.
He was born in Rosenovo, Burgas Region and died in Burgas.
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Radostin Kishishev
Radostin Prodanov Kishishev (Bulgarian: Радостин Кишишев, born 30 July 1974) is a Bulgarian footballer, who is currently playing for Chernomorets Burgas in the A PFG.
Kishishev, born in the Bulgarian city of Burgas, began his career with local sides Chernomorets Burgas and Neftochimic Burgas. He then played as a central midfielder in Turkish side Bursaspor between 1997–98 with another Bulgarian footballer, Kostadin Vidolov. He returned to Bulgaria with Litex Lovech, and won Bulgarian league title with them in 1998 and 1999.
In the summer of 2000 Kishishev was purchased by newly promoted English Premier League side Charlton Athletic. Initially utilised as a right back, manager Alan Curbishley moved him into the midfield position where Kishishev (nicknamed "The Legend that is Kish" by supporters) would establish himself in the team. An almost constant presence throughout most of Charlton's seven year spell in the Premier League, he had a reputation as a hard worker, a warrior and often topped the team on the distance he ran during games, as shown by the Pro Zone statistics system. However, some supporters believed that occasional lapses in his concentration resulted in his team conceding a number of goals. Kishishev scored two goals during his time at Charlton, with both coming in the 2002/03 season. He netted in games against West Ham, which made him a local hero. and Everton.
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Raina Kabaivanska
Raina Kabaivanska (Bulgarian: Райна Кабаиванска) (December 15, 1934) is a Bulgarian opera singer, one of the leading lyrico-spinto sopranos of her generation, particularly associated with Verdi and Puccini, although she sang a wide range of roles.
Born Raina Jakimowa in Burgas, Bulgaria, she studied in Sofia with Prokopowa and Jossifow, and made her debut at the Bulgarian National Opera in Sofia as Tatjana in Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin in 1957. The following year, she left for Italy for further studies with Zina Fumagalli-Riva in Milan and with Giulia Tess in Vercelli. Two years later she made a breakthrough in Fano, Italy, as Nedda in Leoncavallo's Pagliacci. In 1961, she gave her first performance at La Scala in Milan, as Agnese in Bellini's Beatrice di Tenda, opposite Dame Joan Sutherland. She sang widely in Italy, Genoa, Venice, Parma and notably in Turin in 1973, as Elena in I vespri siciliani, in the only production ever directed by Maria Callas.
In 1962, she made her debuts at both the Royal Opera House in London, as Desdemona in Verdi's Otello, and the Metropolitan Opera in New York, as Nedda. She went on performing at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow, the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires, the Paris Opéra, the Vienna State Opera, the Budapest Opera, the Lyric Opera of Chicago, the San Francisco Opera, the Dallas Opera, the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma, etc.
wn.com/Raina_Kabaivanska -
Vespasian
Vespasian (Latin: Titus Flavius Caesar Vespasianus Augustus; 17 November 9 – 23 June 79) was Roman Emperor from AD 69 to AD 79. Vespasian was the founder of the Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Empire for a quarter century. Vespasian was descended from a family of equestrians, who rose into the senatorial rank under the Emperors of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Although he attained the standard succession of public offices, holding the consulship in AD 51, Vespasian became more reputed as a successful military commander, participating in the Roman invasion of Britain in 43, and subjugating Judaea during the Jewish rebellion of AD 66.
While Vespasian was preparing to besiege the city of Jerusalem during the latter campaign, emperor Nero committed suicide, plunging the empire into a year of civil war known as the Year of the Four Emperors. After the emperors Galba and Otho perished in quick succession, Vitellius became Emperor in April AD 69. In response, the armies in Egypt and Judaea declared Vespasian emperor on 1 July. In his bid for imperial power, Vespasian joined forces with Mucianus, the governor of Syria, and Primus, a general in Pannonia. Primus and Mucianus led the Flavian forces against Vitellius, while Vespasian gained control of Egypt. On 20 December, Vitellius was defeated, and the following day Vespasian was declared Emperor by the Roman Senate.
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Zlatko Yankov
Zlatko Yankov (Bulgarian: Златко Янков) (born 7 June 1966 in Burgas) is a retired Bulgarian football midfielder.
He was capped 80 times and scored 4 goals for the Bulgarian national team between 1989 and 1999. He played eight games at the World Cups in 1994 and 1998, and he was also in the Bulgarian Euro 1996 squad. Currently working as a sport-technical director in PFC Chernomorets Burgas
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Burgas, Bulgaria
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:16
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
Burgas is the second-largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast with population 210260. It is also the fourth-largest by population in the country, after Sofia, Plovdiv and Varna. It is the capital of Burgas Province and an important industrial, transport, cultural and tourist centre. Surrounded by the coastal Burgas Lakes and located at the westernmost point of the Black Sea, the large Burgas Bay, Burgas has the largest and most important Bulgarian port. Today, it is a key economic, cultural and tourist centre of southeastern Bulgaria, with the Burgas Airport serving the resorts of the southern Bulgarian coast.
http://wn.com/Burgas,_Bulgaria
Burgas is the second-largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast with population 210260. It is also the fourth-largest by population in the country, after Sofia, Plovdiv and Varna. It is the capital of Burgas Province and an important industrial, transport, cultural and tourist centre. Surrounded by the coastal Burgas Lakes and located at the westernmost point of the Black Sea, the large Burgas Bay, Burgas has the largest and most important Bulgarian port. Today, it is a key economic, cultural and tourist centre of southeastern Bulgaria, with the Burgas Airport serving the resorts of the southern Bulgarian coast.
How to survive in Burgas, Bulgaria
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:14
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
A little survivor guide.
http://wn.com/How_to_survive_in_Burgas,_Bulgaria
Burgas - the most romantic city in Bulgaria
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:34
- Updated: 17 Dec 2012
Burgas - the most romantic city in Bulgaria
http://wn.com/Burgas_the_most_romantic_city_in_Bulgaria
Burgas - the most romantic city in Bulgaria
- published: 07 May 2008
- views: 64343
- author: Атанас Дубаров
Tsvetan Tsvetanov, uredeni footballni machove, Burgas
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:25
- Updated: 14 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Tsvetan_Tsvetanov,_uredeni_footballni_machove,_Burgas
Venelin Filipov - Chernomoretz Burgas
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:06
- Updated: 17 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Venelin_Filipov_Chernomoretz_Burgas
Burgas Bulgaria Terror Attack
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:43
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
www.faceshort.co ◄ Watch LIVE TV Bulgarian Prime Minister Boyko Borisov said Thursday that the terror attack at the Sarafovo Airport terminal was likely the work of a suicide bomber, and was not caused by an explosive device planted on the bus, as initially assumed. Seven people were killed, five of them Israelis, and 34 others were wounded in the blast. Israel and Bulgaria have launched a joint investigation into the terror attack, with collaboration from the FBI and CIA. According to Borisov, Bulgarian security services reviewing airport security footage taken prior to the blast were able to spot a man scouting the area around the buses waiting for the Israeli tourists, for over an hour. According to initial information the man was Caucasian, with long hair, dressed in sports attire. Bulgarian authorities believe he was the suicide bomber since his body was the most torn by the blast, the Sofia-based news agency Novinite reported. Further information discovered that the suspect's papers included a US passport issued in Michigan, which was apparently a fake. According to the report, an FBI database check failed to match the passport's information with an actual individual. It remains unclear how the man obtained the passport, and how and when he entered Bulgaria, as local authorities have no record of his entering the country. "This heinous attack on the soil of a sovereign state, a member of the European Union, is a provocation meant to sabotage the efforts to promote ...
http://wn.com/Burgas_Bulgaria_Terror_Attack
www.faceshort.co ◄ Watch LIVE TV Bulgarian Prime Minister Boyko Borisov said Thursday that the terror attack at the Sarafovo Airport terminal was likely the work of a suicide bomber, and was not caused by an explosive device planted on the bus, as initially assumed. Seven people were killed, five of them Israelis, and 34 others were wounded in the blast. Israel and Bulgaria have launched a joint investigation into the terror attack, with collaboration from the FBI and CIA. According to Borisov, Bulgarian security services reviewing airport security footage taken prior to the blast were able to spot a man scouting the area around the buses waiting for the Israeli tourists, for over an hour. According to initial information the man was Caucasian, with long hair, dressed in sports attire. Bulgarian authorities believe he was the suicide bomber since his body was the most torn by the blast, the Sofia-based news agency Novinite reported. Further information discovered that the suspect's papers included a US passport issued in Michigan, which was apparently a fake. According to the report, an FBI database check failed to match the passport's information with an actual individual. It remains unclear how the man obtained the passport, and how and when he entered Bulgaria, as local authorities have no record of his entering the country. "This heinous attack on the soil of a sovereign state, a member of the European Union, is a provocation meant to sabotage the efforts to promote ...
- published: 19 Jul 2012
- views: 315578
- author: LiveTVNews1
At least 7 killed in Bulgaria airport bus blast, Israel accuses Iran
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:00
- Updated: 13 Dec 2012
The Israeli Prime Minister claims Iran is behind the Bulgarian airport bus bombing which, according to Haaretz daily, killed at least 7 people and injured dozens more. FULL STORY: on.rt.com RT LIVE rt.com Subscribe to RT! www.youtube.com Like us on Facebook www.facebook.com Follow us on Twitter twitter.com Follow us on Google+ plus.google.com RT (Russia Today) is a global news network broadcasting from Moscow and Washington studios. RT is the first news channel to break the 500 million YouTube views benchmark.
http://wn.com/At_least_7_killed_in_Bulgaria_airport_bus_blast,_Israel_accuses_Iran
The Israeli Prime Minister claims Iran is behind the Bulgarian airport bus bombing which, according to Haaretz daily, killed at least 7 people and injured dozens more. FULL STORY: on.rt.com RT LIVE rt.com Subscribe to RT! www.youtube.com Like us on Facebook www.facebook.com Follow us on Twitter twitter.com Follow us on Google+ plus.google.com RT (Russia Today) is a global news network broadcasting from Moscow and Washington studios. RT is the first news channel to break the 500 million YouTube views benchmark.
- published: 18 Jul 2012
- views: 35307
- author: RussiaToday
Christmas lights Burgas 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:54
- Updated: 16 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Christmas_lights_Burgas_2012
BUSTA RHYMES - LIVE at SPIRIT of Burgas 2012 [Make it clap/We will rock you]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:53
- Updated: 14 Dec 2012
The amazing Busta Rhymes and the best crowd @ SPIRIT of Burgas 2012.
http://wn.com/BUSTA_RHYMES_LIVE_at_SPIRIT_of_Burgas_2012_Make_it_clap_We_will_rock_you_
The amazing Busta Rhymes and the best crowd @ SPIRIT of Burgas 2012.
- published: 04 Aug 2012
- views: 7445
- author: SPIRITofBurgas
Burgas, city of Bulgaria
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:33
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Burgas,_city_of_Bulgaria
BBC World News: Israel blames Iran for deadly explosion in Burgas, Bulgaria 18 July 2012 2307
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:33
- Updated: 27 Jul 2012
Seven people have been killed and more than twenty injured in an explosion on a bus carrying Israeli tourists in Bulgaria. It happened at an airport of the Black Sea city of Burgas. Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu has blamed Iran for the attack. Jonathan Josephs has the latest.
http://wn.com/BBC_World_News_Israel_blames_Iran_for_deadly_explosion_in_Burgas,_Bulgaria_18_July_2012_2307
Seven people have been killed and more than twenty injured in an explosion on a bus carrying Israeli tourists in Bulgaria. It happened at an airport of the Black Sea city of Burgas. Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu has blamed Iran for the attack. Jonathan Josephs has the latest.
- published: 18 Jul 2012
- views: 7370
- author: joj183
Burgas - sunnybeach 2010 / בורגס 2010
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:23
- Updated: 22 Sep 2012
פעם היה לי חלום של שבועיים הכי יפים בחיים שלי , קמתי בבוקר פתחתי את העיניים והבנתי שחזרתי מבורגס .............. שחקנים : elya slefian , zion edri , refael naim , eran gutman , maor naim , ben brodi אריות השרון !!! :)
http://wn.com/Burgas_sunnybeach_2010_בורגס_2010
פעם היה לי חלום של שבועיים הכי יפים בחיים שלי , קמתי בבוקר פתחתי את העיניים והבנתי שחזרתי מבורגס .............. שחקנים : elya slefian , zion edri , refael naim , eran gutman , maor naim , ben brodi אריות השרון !!! :)
- published: 04 Mar 2011
- views: 15065
- author: elya slwfian
BURGA-LIES
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:18
- Updated: 16 Dec 2012
THIDYB V2 \DIR GLOBALRAPTURE
http://wn.com/BURGA-LIES
Dubfire @ Solar Dance Arena 2012 || Burgas, Bulgaria HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 53:52
- Updated: 20 Dec 2012
Follow us in Twitter! ☛ twitter.com 05/08/2012 || Dubfire electrifies with a stunning set of mesmerizing techno while a packed Solar Dance Arena goes mad on the beach of Burgas Bulgaria.
http://wn.com/Dubfire_@_Solar_Dance_Arena_2012_||_Burgas,_Bulgaria_HD
Follow us in Twitter! ☛ twitter.com 05/08/2012 || Dubfire electrifies with a stunning set of mesmerizing techno while a packed Solar Dance Arena goes mad on the beach of Burgas Bulgaria.
- published: 22 Sep 2012
- views: 21298
- author: FeeltheTechnoMusic
Suicide Bomber who killed Israeli tourists in Burgas, Bulgaria
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:15
- Updated: 23 Oct 2012
Bulgarian media footage of the alleged suicide bomber, who yesterday afternoon attacked a bus full of Israeli tourists in the parking lot at the airport in Burgas. Witnesses described how panicked passengers jumped from bus windows and bodies lay strewn on the ground with their clothes torn off as ambulance sirens wailed and black smoke rose over Sarafovo airport in Burgas. Bulgaria's Prime Minister Boyko Borisov said "this terrible incident is a shock to us all... The government condemns the aggression and terrorism". Israel said it had been informed by Bulgaria that seven people were killed, while Bulgarian interior ministry officials in Sofia put the death toll at six, with 32 wounded. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said that "Israel will respond forcefully to Iranian terror" after an official in Jerusalem said the bus was shot at and an explosive thrown.
http://wn.com/Suicide_Bomber_who_killed_Israeli_tourists_in_Burgas,_Bulgaria
Bulgarian media footage of the alleged suicide bomber, who yesterday afternoon attacked a bus full of Israeli tourists in the parking lot at the airport in Burgas. Witnesses described how panicked passengers jumped from bus windows and bodies lay strewn on the ground with their clothes torn off as ambulance sirens wailed and black smoke rose over Sarafovo airport in Burgas. Bulgaria's Prime Minister Boyko Borisov said "this terrible incident is a shock to us all... The government condemns the aggression and terrorism". Israel said it had been informed by Bulgaria that seven people were killed, while Bulgarian interior ministry officials in Sofia put the death toll at six, with 32 wounded. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said that "Israel will respond forcefully to Iranian terror" after an official in Jerusalem said the bus was shot at and an explosive thrown.
- published: 19 Jul 2012
- views: 168052
- author: Ancient1903
Transavia B737-800 Takeoff Burgas (Bourgas) Airport (LBBG/BOJ)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:02
- Updated: 07 Aug 2012
Taxi and takeoff from Burgas (Bourgas) intl Airport (LBBG/BOJ) Airport for a 3 hours 10 minutes flight to Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (EHAM/AMS) Airline: Transavia.com Aircraft: Boeing 737-800 Registration: PH-HSD Aircraft Delivered: 29-04-2011 Date: 05 July 2012 Airport: Burgas (Bourgas) international Airport (LBBG/BOJ) Gate: - Runway: 22 Seat: 26A ( Economy Class ) Flight Number: HV768 Actual Flighttime: 3 hours 10 Minutes Local Time: 9:45 PM (The taxiway from Burgas airport is very bad so camera moves me so much!) Please Rate, Comment and Subscribe!!
http://wn.com/Transavia_B737-800_Takeoff_Burgas_Bourgas_Airport_LBBG_BOJ
Taxi and takeoff from Burgas (Bourgas) intl Airport (LBBG/BOJ) Airport for a 3 hours 10 minutes flight to Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (EHAM/AMS) Airline: Transavia.com Aircraft: Boeing 737-800 Registration: PH-HSD Aircraft Delivered: 29-04-2011 Date: 05 July 2012 Airport: Burgas (Bourgas) international Airport (LBBG/BOJ) Gate: - Runway: 22 Seat: 26A ( Economy Class ) Flight Number: HV768 Actual Flighttime: 3 hours 10 Minutes Local Time: 9:45 PM (The taxiway from Burgas airport is very bad so camera moves me so much!) Please Rate, Comment and Subscribe!!
- published: 07 Aug 2012
- views: 686
- author: MikeKruk
Rage / Black sea / Burgas
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:56
- Updated: 17 Dec 2012
08.02.2012 Burgas on the Black sea coast
http://wn.com/Rage_Black_sea_Burgas
ArkeFly B737-800 Landing Burgas (Bourgas) Airport (LBBG/BOJ)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:02
- Updated: 15 Dec 2012
Sunset landing at Burgas (Bourgas) intl Airport (LBBG/BOJ) Airport after a 1 hour flight from Ohrid "St. Paul the Apostle" Airport (LWOH/OHD) Airline: ArkeFly Aircraft: Boeing 737-800 Registration: PH-TFD Aircraft Delivered: 30-03-2011 Date: 25 Jun 2012 Airport: Burgas (Bourgas) international...
http://wn.com/ArkeFly_B737-800_Landing_Burgas_Bourgas_Airport_LBBG_BOJ
Sunset landing at Burgas (Bourgas) intl Airport (LBBG/BOJ) Airport after a 1 hour flight from Ohrid "St. Paul the Apostle" Airport (LWOH/OHD) Airline: ArkeFly Aircraft: Boeing 737-800 Registration: PH-TFD Aircraft Delivered: 30-03-2011 Date: 25 Jun 2012 Airport: Burgas (Bourgas) international...
- published: 28 Jul 2012
- views: 804
- author: MikeKruk
Huge facility passed through the streets of Burgas
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:08
- Updated: 22 Sep 2012
Огромни колони преминаха през Бургас, за да стигнат до рафинерията „Лукойл - Нефтохим". Заради извънгабаритния товар част от тролейбусната мрежа в града бе демонтирана. Размерите на колоните са колкото на обърнат 20-етажен блок. Колетите са с габарити: Колона С-2005 с дължина 38м, височина 9,60м и тегло 281 тона (заедно с ремаркето); Колона С-2001 с дължина 48.3м, височина 7.21м и тегло 232 тона (заедно с ремаркето). Сложната логистична операция по обработка, съхранение и преминаване през централен портал на порта, както и централната градска част на Бургас изискваше предварителна организация и координация между Община Бургас, Пристанище Бургас ЕАД, "Лукойл Нефтохим Бургас" АД, транспортни и спедиторски компании. Колоните ще преминаха по маршрут Пристанище Бургас -- ул. "Христо Ботев" -- ул. "Одрин" -- „Лукойл".
http://wn.com/Huge_facility_passed_through_the_streets_of_Burgas
Огромни колони преминаха през Бургас, за да стигнат до рафинерията „Лукойл - Нефтохим". Заради извънгабаритния товар част от тролейбусната мрежа в града бе демонтирана. Размерите на колоните са колкото на обърнат 20-етажен блок. Колетите са с габарити: Колона С-2005 с дължина 38м, височина 9,60м и тегло 281 тона (заедно с ремаркето); Колона С-2001 с дължина 48.3м, височина 7.21м и тегло 232 тона (заедно с ремаркето). Сложната логистична операция по обработка, съхранение и преминаване през централен портал на порта, както и централната градска част на Бургас изискваше предварителна организация и координация между Община Бургас, Пристанище Бургас ЕАД, "Лукойл Нефтохим Бургас" АД, транспортни и спедиторски компании. Колоните ще преминаха по маршрут Пристанище Бургас -- ул. "Христо Ботев" -- ул. "Одрин" -- „Лукойл".
- published: 02 Jun 2012
- views: 12941
- author: supermax681
Armin van Buuren @ Spirit of Burgas, Bulgaria - 03.08.2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:00
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Armin_van_Buuren_@_Spirit_of_Burgas,_Bulgaria_03082012
SkilleR and Pe4enkata - live from Burgas - extract from Komicite TV show
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:04
- Updated: 19 Dec 2012
SkilleR and Pe4enkata are the winners of Beatbox Battle World Championship 2012.
http://wn.com/SkilleR_and_Pe4enkata_live_from_Burgas_extract_from_Komicite_TV_show
SkilleR and Pe4enkata are the winners of Beatbox Battle World Championship 2012.
- published: 17 Aug 2012
- views: 27002
- author: supermax681
![KoЯn - Intro + Divine [Live at SPIRIT of Burgas 2012]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121220191711im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/hbICxdqv7OA/default.jpg "KoЯn - Intro + Divine [Live at SPIRIT of Burgas 2012]")
KoЯn - Intro + Divine [Live at SPIRIT of Burgas 2012]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:03
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
KoЯn performing live at SPIRIT of Burgas 2012 Main Stage
http://wn.com/KoЯn_Intro_+_Divine_Live_at_SPIRIT_of_Burgas_2012_
KoЯn performing live at SPIRIT of Burgas 2012 Main Stage
- published: 05 Aug 2012
- views: 7248
- author: SPIRITofBurgas
Kraków balice EPKK - Burgas BOJ Skyeurope Flight b 737-700
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:56
- Updated: 20 Mar 2012
Holiday Trip to Bulgaria 1. Take off from EPKK 2. Approching BOJ 3. Landing at BOJ 4. Takeoff from BOJ 5. Approching and landing at EPKK
http://wn.com/Kraków_balice_EPKK_Burgas_BOJ_Skyeurope_Flight_b_737-700
Holiday Trip to Bulgaria 1. Take off from EPKK 2. Approching BOJ 3. Landing at BOJ 4. Takeoff from BOJ 5. Approching and landing at EPKK
- published: 13 Sep 2007
- views: 6126
- author: karolfrparis
photo: AP / Pablo Martinez Monsivais
19 Dec 2012
WASHINGTON. US President Barack Obama backs a new bill to revive an assault weapons ban and other new gun laws, the White House said Tuesday, fleshing out his nascent response to a shocking school massacre. Obama also called an ardently pro-gun senator who has shifted his position on firearms laws since Friday's carnage in Connecticut and has begun meeting top cabinet officials to consider his options, his spokesman Jay Carney said ... ....(size: 4.9Kb)
photo: Creative Commons / Joachim Huber
18 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. When a Stanford geneticist, Gerald Crabtree, published a provocative and controversial new view on evolutionary change, namely that humans are actually getting dumber, he should have also added that humans are still developing an extermination gene ... Paleontologist Tim Flannery would more than likely agree with Crabtree ... Strange strings of gravel also overlaid some bones ... (1) Kane, Alex ... 195....(size: 9.4Kb)
photo: AP / Charles Krupa
18 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. "Most people reason dramatically, not quantitatively." -Oliver Wendell Holmes. On the same day that a 20-year-old, described as brilliant but remote, walked into an elementary school in Connecticut and massacred 26 children and adults, the school where I teach went on "lock-down." Four students with a handgun were arrested ... That morning before school, he had posted on Twitter and Facebook....(size: 14.0Kb)
photo: AP / Carolyn Kaster
20 Dec 2012
Obama held a White House news conference on Wednesday to announce that Vice President Joe Biden will lead an interagency effort to craft new gun policies. The group is expected to offer its proposals in January. “We know this is a complex issue that stirs deeply held passions and political divides,” Obama said. “But the fact that this problem is complex can no longer be an excuse for doing nothing.” ... WAKE-UP CALL ... ....(size: 6.1Kb)
photo: AP / Mohammad Hannon
19 Dec 2012
US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has said she accepts the findings of an independent panel that faulted the State Department over the deadly September attack on the US mission in Benghazi, Libya. An inquiry into the attack on the US mission, which saw the US ambassador and three other US citizens killed, found that the State Department security arrangements there were "grossly inadequate" ... 390 Source. ... Share ... Jaws ... Anaheim....(size: 19.2Kb)
Standart News
19 Dec 2012
noodls
19 Dec 2012
(Source. Flughafen Dresden GmbH) 18.12.2012. Last minute gift ideas ... Barcelona, London, Southern Italy ... Summer destinations with direct flights from Dresden are Turkey (Antalya), the Canary Islands and the Balearics (Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Majorca, Tenerife), Greece (Corfu, Kos, Crete, Rhodes), Bulgaria (Burgas, Varna), Hungary (Debrecen, Sármellék), Egypt (Hurghada), Italy (Lamezia Terme), Croatia (Split) and Tunisia (Enfidha)....(size: 4.2Kb)
noodls
17 Dec 2012
(Source. Globul - Cosmo Bulgaria Mobile EAD) ... On December 24, all GLOBUL stores will be open from 09.00 to 18.00, except the ones in the shopping malls City Center and Sky City in Sofia, Terra Mall in Gabrovo and Mall Galeria in Burgas that will work even later in the evening ... On December 31, GLOBUL shop in Mall Galeria in Burgas will be open from 10.00 to 19.00 ... distributed by ... (noodl. 16978684) ....(size: 2.5Kb)
Standart News
15 Dec 2012
The Prosecutor’s Office in Sofia will reenact the notorious Burgas Bus Bombing ... Minister of Interior Tsvetan Tsvetanov also said that there were three or four perpetrators of the suicidal bomb attack in the Burgas Airport who managed to flee Bulgaria ... He reiterated that the culprits for the terror act in Burgas, in which a death toll mounted to six people, had left Bulgaria ... Velislava Panova. MG. ....(size: 2.1Kb)
Standart News
14 Dec 2012
... Hezbollah, the terror organization widely suspected of staying behind the suicide bombing in July near Burgas, the websites of Lieberman and the US Congress informed....(size: 0.9Kb)
The Guardian
14 Dec 2012
By Angel Krasimirov ... On Thursday, the interior ministry said players from first division Chernomorets Burgas and second tier Neftochimik, their city rivals, had been arrested for questioning in an investigation into alleged match-fixing. [ID. nL4N09N6FR] ... "This is not the end, the investigation will continue," said Burgas prosecutor Andrey Chervenyakov ... Neftochimik are top of the second division with 28 points from 13 matches ... Football....(size: 11.1Kb)
The Times of India
13 Dec 2012
SOFIA. Police arrested six players from Bulgarian first division club Chernomorets Burgas and five from their city rivals Neftochimik on Thursday for questioning in an investigation into alleged match-fixing ... Local media reported that Chernomorets's Rumen Trifonov and his team mate Preslav Yordanov were taken in handcuffs from the police station in Burgas and driven to an undisclosed destination ... ....(size: 1.9Kb)
The Guardian
13 Dec 2012
SOFIA, Dec 13 (Reuters) - Police have arrested six players from Bulgarian first division Chernomorets Burgas and five from second tier Neftochimik, their city rivals, for questioning in an investigation into alleged match-fixing ... Local media reported that Chernomorets's Rumen Trifonov and team mates Preslav Yordanov and Daniel Mladenov were taken in handcuffs from the police station in Burgas and driven to an undisclosed destination....(size: 11.1Kb)
MSNBC
13 Dec 2012
A soldier fighting a war overseas is laid off from his job with no warning but a letter he received a month and half after it was sent out. The North Dakota soldier is one of many laid off at LM Wind Power in Grand Forks ... So we wanted to call one of Hawk Jr's supervisors, either Bill Burga or Dan Gordon to find out why, if a soldier is overseas and has no control over the situation, he is laid off, and if the soldier has any options ... ....(size: 3.2Kb)
PR Newswire
12 Dec 2012
Google ... Fraport's five majority-owned (consolidated) airports - Frankfurt Airport (FRA), Antalya (AYT), Burgas (BOJ), (VAR) and (LIM) - together served almost 6.4 million passengers in the reporting month, a modest increase of 1.0 percent ... 7,588 -2.3 Burgas (BOJ) 12,046 -41.1 96 -81.9 286 -42.1 Lima (LIM)[2] 1,127,596 16.8 29,887 6.9 12,733 14.4 Varna (VAR) 21,657 - 3 - 339 - Fraport Group 6,379,266 1.0 216,320 2.9 59,210 -0.5 ... ....(size: 6.8Kb)
noodls
12 Dec 2012
(Source. Fraport AG) Fraport Traffic Figures - November 2012. Airfreight Grows for the First Time This Year - Passenger Traffic Declines. 12.12.2012. 39/2012 ... Fraport's five majority-owned (consolidated) airports - Frankfurt Airport (FRA), Antalya (AYT), Burgas (BOJ), Varna (VAR) and Lima (LIM) - together served almost 6.4 million passengers in the reporting month, a modest increase of 1.0 percent ... Traffic Data Frankfurt Airport ... (noodl....(size: 3.2Kb)
noodls
10 Dec 2012
(Source. AEA Technology plc) ... Albertslund (Denmark), Ghent (Belgium), Lahti (Finland), Stirling (UK), Vilnius (Lithuania) , Alba (Italy), Bratislava (Slovakia), Padova (Italy), Sfantu Gheorghe (Romania), Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spain), Almada (Portugal), Barcelona (Spain), Burgas (Bulgaria), Gibraltar, Zadar (Croatia), Dublin (Ireland), Malmo (Sweden), Birmingham (UK), Dresden (Germany), Ancona (Italy), Rotterdam (Netherlands) ... distributed by....(size: 3.8Kb)
Standart News
08 Dec 2012
 |
This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. You can assist by editing it. (February 2012) |
| Burgas Бургас |
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|---|---|---|---|
 |
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| Nickname(s): The city of sea and lakes The city of the dreams |
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 Burgas
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| Coordinates: 42°29′43″N 27°28′18″E / 42.49528°N 27.47167°E / 42.49528; 27.47167 | |||
| Country | Bulgaria | ||
| Province (Oblast) | Burgas | ||
| Municipality | Burgas | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | Dimitar Nikolov | ||
| Elevation | 30 m (100 ft) | ||
| Population (Census February 2011)[1] | |||
| • City |  200,271 (within city limits) |
||
| • Urban | 212,902 (municipality) |
||
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) | ||
| Postal Code | 8000 | ||
| Area code(s) | 056 | ||
Burgas or Bourgas [bʊrˈɡas] (Bulgarian: Бургас) is the second-largest city on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast and fourth-largest in Bulgaria after Sofia, Plovdiv and Varna, with a population of 200,271 inhabitants according to Census 2011.[1] It is the capital of Burgas Province and an important industrial, transport, cultural and tourist centre.
Surrounded by the coastal Burgas Lakes and located at the westernmost point of the Black Sea, the large Burgas Bay. The LUKOIL Neftochim Burgas is the largest oil refinery in Southeastern Europe and the largest industrial enterprise. The Port of Burgas is the largest Port in Bulgaria and the Burgas Airport is the second most important in the country. Burgas is the center of the Bulgarian fishing and fish processing industry.[2]
Burgas is being more famous for its business reputation, Burgas has a thriving arts scene and many splendid museums and galleries.
Contents |
Toponymy[link]
There are several possible origins for the name of the city and the name is similar to the Spanish town of Burgos. When the city was founded, the inhabitants of the surrounding country got into the fortified village, named "pyrgos" (Greek: Πύργος) or burgos, meaning "tower" or "fortress".[3] By an another theory, the city's name comes from Latin, or a Gothic name meaning signified consolidated walled villages (Gothic baurgs).[4]
Geography[link]
Burgas is situated in the westernmost point of the bay of the same name and in the eastern part of the Burgas plain which is located in the Burgas Plain in the east of the Upper Thracian Plain. Burgas is located at 389 km of Sofia, 272 km of Plovdiv and 335 km of Istanbul. To the west, south and north the city is surrounded by the Burgas Lakes - Burgas, Atanasovsko and Mandrensko which are home to several hundred bird species. Pan-European corridor 8 passes through the city,[5] the European routes E87 and E773, and the longest national rout I/6.
The St. Anastasia Island is a part of the city.
Climate[link]
Burgas has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), with considerable maritime and continental influences.
| Climate data for Burgas | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 19.5 (67.1) |
23.2 (73.8) |
26.8 (80.2) |
31.8 (89.2) |
34.9 (94.8) |
36.7 (98.1) |
39.6 (103.3) |
38.4 (101.1) |
34.7 (94.5) |
34 (93) |
27.2 (81.0) |
21 (70) |
39.6 (103.3) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 5 (41) |
7.3 (45.1) |
10.4 (50.7) |
15.7 (60.3) |
20.9 (69.6) |
25.3 (77.5) |
28.2 (82.8) |
28 (82) |
24.2 (75.6) |
19.2 (66.6) |
13.3 (55.9) |
7.9 (46.2) |
17.1 (62.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.8 (35.2) |
3.4 (38.1) |
6 (43) |
10.8 (51.4) |
16 (61) |
20.4 (68.7) |
23.1 (73.6) |
23 (73) |
19.4 (66.9) |
14.6 (58.3) |
9.6 (49.3) |
4.7 (40.5) |
12.7 (54.9) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −1.3 (29.7) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
2.3 (36.1) |
7 (45) |
12.2 (54.0) |
16.1 (61.0) |
18.2 (64.8) |
18.3 (64.9) |
14.8 (58.6) |
10.5 (50.9) |
6.3 (43.3) |
1.5 (34.7) |
8.8 (47.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −21.6 (−6.9) |
−19.5 (−3.1) |
−15 (5) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
2.2 (36.0) |
6 (43) |
10.2 (50.4) |
10.9 (51.6) |
4 (39) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
−15 (5) |
−21.6 (−6.9) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 57.9 (2.28) |
51.5 (2.028) |
53.1 (2.091) |
26.1 (1.028) |
35.8 (1.409) |
48.5 (1.909) |
63.2 (2.488) |
34.9 (1.374) |
47.1 (1.854) |
64.1 (2.524) |
40.3 (1.587) |
57.9 (2.28) |
580.4 (22.85) |
| Source: Stringmeteo.com | |||||||||||||
Flora and Fauna[link]
The Burgas Wetlands highly recognized for its significance to biodiversity and as a resource pool for various products utilized by people.
Lake Burgas is the Bulgaria’s largest lake and situated in the middle of the city. It is important for migrating birds. Over 250 species of birds inhabit the lake area, 61 of which are endangered in Bulgaria and 9 globally, attracting keen bird watchers from all over the world; the lakes are also home to important fish and invertebrates. In the site have been recorded several IUCN red-listed species of animals - 5 invertebrates, 4 fish, 4 amphibians, 3 reptiles, 5 birds and 3 mammals. Situated along the second largest migration path of birds in Europe, the Via Pontica, the site is an important stopover and staging site for a large number of waterbirds, raptors and passerines. Yearly during migration and wintering more than 20,000 (up to 100,000) waterbirds congregate there.[6]
The Atanasovo Lake is one of the two saltwater lakes in the Black Sea region and contains rare and representative examples of wetland habitats. A hot spot for biodiversity with many red-listed species of plants and animals, it is a well-known bottleneck site for migratory birds with around 60,000 raptors and 240,000 storks, pelicans and cranes passing over the site and often landing in large numbers for staging - the highest numbers in Europe of migrating White Pelicans Pelecanus onocrotalus, Dalmatian Pelicans Pelecanus crispus, Marsh Harriers Circus aeruginosus, and Red-footed Falcons Falco vespertinus have been recorded here.[6]
Protected Areas[link]
- Burgas Lake Protected Area
- Atanasovo Lake Protected Area
- Mandra Lake Protected Area
- Poda Protected Area
- Usungeren Protected Area
- Chengene Skele Protected Area
- Strandzha Natural Park
Administrative division[link]
Burgas is divided into the following neighbourhoods:
With a decision from the Counsel of Ministers in 2009, the villages of Banevo and Vetren were incorporated into Burgas.
Currently a new city plan is being considered which will open the city to the sea and includes several residential neighbourhoods and a new highway junction.
History[link]
Classical antiquity[link]
The Thracians built the first settlements in the area now known as Burgas: the mineral baths of Aqua Calidae and the fortress Tyrsis. Under Darius I they were a part of the Achaemenid Empire, before the Odrysian kingdom was built.
During the rule of the Ancient Romans, near Burgas, Colonia Flavia Deultemsium (or Dibaltum, or Develtum) was established as a military colony for veterans by Vespasian. The Romans built the Colonia on the main road Via Pontica. It was the second most important city in the province Haemimontus.
In 376 the Goths destroyed an elite roman company near Develtum.[7]
Bulgarian and Byzantine Middle Ages[link]
In the Middle Ages, there were some important settlements in the area: the fortress Skafida (Battle of Skafida), Poros, Rusokastron (Battle of Rusokastro), the Baths of the Byzantine, Bulgarian and Ottoman Emperors Aqua Calidae and the a small fortress called Pyrgos was erected where Burgas is today and was most probably used as a watchtower. The Bulgarian ruler Krum built with the Erkesiya a 140 km longer border wall from the Black Sea (near Gorno Ezerovo) to the Mariza River.
Ottoman Rule[link]
It was only in the 17th century that a settlement renamed to Ahelo-Pirgas grew in the modern area of the city. It was later renamed to Bourgas again and had only about 3,000 inhabitants. In the early 19th century Burgas was depopulated after raids by kurzdhali bandits. By the mid-19th century it had recovered its economic prominence through the growth of craftsmanship and the export of grain.[8] The city was a township in İslimye (Sliven) sanjak in at first Rumelia Eyalet, after that in the Silistra Eyalet and Edirne Eyalet before the liberation in 1878.
Liberation and part of Eastern Rumelia[link]
It was a department centre in Eastern Rumelia before incorporated in the Principality of Bulgaria in 1885.
Between wars[link]
Later, it became a major centre on the southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast and a city of well-developed industry and trade. A number of oil and chemical companies were gradually built. Salt and iron are also mined and traded abroad.
In the 19th century, with the increasing maritime trade in the Black Sea, Burgas became one of the most important port cities. In 1903, the Burgas Central railway station opened, giving an additional boost to the city's expansion. Burgas, unlike many other Bulgarian cities, was not much affected by Communist-type urbanization and has kept much of its 19th- and early-20th-century architecture.
Today[link]
Today the local port is the largest in Bulgaria adding significantly to the regional economy. Burgas also holds annual national exhibitions and international festivals and has a vibrant student population of over 6,000 that add to the city's appeal. The historical society also maintains an open-air museum at Beglik Tash.
Several countries have consulates in Burgas, among them Turkey, Belarus, Romania, Russia and Ukraine.
Burgas Peninsula on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after the city of Burgas.
Population[link]
During the first decade after the liberation of Bulgaria, in the 1880s the population of Burgas numbered about 6,000 inhabitants.[9] Since then it started growing decade by decade, mostly because of the migrants from the rural areas and the surrounding smaller towns, reaching its peak in the period 1988-1991 exceeding 200,000.[10]
| Burgas | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 1887 | 1910 | 1934 | 1946 | 1956 | 1965 | 1975 | 1985 | 1992 | 2001 | 2005 | 2009 | 2011 |
| Population | 5,749 | 14,897 | 36,230 | 44,449 | 72,526 | 106,185 | 144,755 | 182,856 | 195,986 | 192,390 | 189,245 | 193,765 | 200,271 |
| Highest number 211,587 in 1991 | |||||||||||||
| Sources: National Statistical Institute,[1][10][11] „citypopulation.de“,[12] „pop-stat.mashke.org“,[13] Bulgarian Academy of Sciences[9] | |||||||||||||
| Historical populations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1887 | 5,749 | — |
| 1910 | 14,897 | +159.1% |
| 1934 | 36,230 | +143.2% |
| 1946 | 44,449 | +22.7% |
| 1956 | 72,526 | +63.2% |
| 1965 | 106,185 | +46.4% |
| 1975 | 144,755 | +36.3% |
| 1985 | 182,856 | +26.3% |
| 1992 | 195,986 | +7.2% |
| 2001 | 192,390 | −1.8% |
| 2011 | 200,271 | +4.1% |
Economy[link]
Burgas is an important industrial center. The most notable industrial enterprise is LUKOIL Neftochim Burgas - the largest oil refinery in South-eastern Europe and the largest manufacturing plant in the Balkans.
Education[link]
- Prof. Dr. Assen Zlatarov University
- Bourgas Free University
Culture[link]
Main sights[link]
- Burgas Regional Historical Museum
- Ethnographic Museum
- Archeological Museum
- Museum of Nature and Science
- Roman City of Develtum
- The roman and medieval Baths of Aquae Calidae
- The Poros Fortness
- The Rusokastro Fortness
- The Erkesiya-Border wall
- City Gallery
- Theatre Adriana Budevska
- City Beach
- Pantheon
- The Burgas pier
- Sea Casino
- Navel of Burgas
- The building of Regional Customs Burgas
- Burgas Central railway station
- Opera House
The modern building of the Burgas Opera House is home to the city’s two major musical institutions; the Burgas State Opera and the Philharmonic Society of Burgas.
A municipal park built in 1910 for the residents of Burgas by the city’s chief gardener, Georgi Duhtev.
Churches and Monasteries[link]
- Orthodox Cathedral of Saint Cyril and Methodius in Burgas
- Orthodox Church St. Virgin Mary
- Orthodox Church of Saint Ivan Rilski
- Roman Catholic Church Holy Assumption of the Virgin
- Roman Catholic Church Holy Mother of God.
- The Monastery of the Holy Mother of Jesus
- The Monastery of Saint Anastasia on the St. Anastasia Island
- Armenian Church
Armenian Apostolic and Orthodox Church Surp Hach (Church of the Holy Cross) was built in 1853 an is one of the oldest in the city and has been named as one of the city’s monuments of culture. With stained glass windows and intricate decoration inside, the picturesque church was built in 1855.
Regular Events[link]
- April
- International Audition for performances of German and Austrian music
- July
- Three Week Festival of Opera and Classical Music
- August
- Spirit of Burgas
- International Folk Festival
- December
- Every 6 December Burgas pays respect to its patron saint, St. Nicholas, also the patron saint of Fisherman.
Sport[link]
- PFC Naftex Burgas
- PSFC Chernomorets Burgas
- FC Morska fauna
- BC LUKoil Neftomchimic
- Cycling Club Bourgas
- VC Lukoil Neftochimic
- Yacht Club Port Bourgas
- Windsurf Club Burgas
- Rowing Club Lukoil Burgas
- Rowing Club Tschernomorez Burgas
- Water polo Club Tschernomorez
- Water polo Club Neptune
Notable natives[link]
- Apostol Karamitev (1923–1973), actor
- Boris Aprilov (1921–1995), writer
- Dimitar Dimitrov (b. 1959),football coach
- Georgi Chilikov (b. 1978), footballer
- Georgi Djulgerov (b. 1943), film director
- Georgi Kaloyanchev (b. 1925), actor
- Georgi Kostadinov (b. 1950), first Bulgarian boxing Olympic champion
- Georgi Mihalev (b. 1968), competitive swimmer
- Hristo Fotev (1934–2002), poet
- Irena Petkova, opera singer
- Kostas Varnalis (1884–1974) Greek poet
- Nedyalko Yordanov (b. 1940), writer
- Nikola Stanchev (b. 1930), first Bulgarian Olympic champion
- Petya Dubarova (1962–1979), poetess
- Prodan Gardzhev (1936–2003), Bulgarian Olympic champion - wrestling
- Radostin Kishishev (b. 1974), footballer
- Raina Kabaivanska (b. 1934), Bulgarian Opera singer
- Rousy Chanev (b. 1945), actor
- Valentin D. Ivanov (b.1967), astronomer
- Zlatko Yankov, (b.1966), football player
Twin cities[link]
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ a b c (Bulgarian) National Statistical Institute - Main Towns Census 2011
- ^ Norman Polmar: The Naval Institute guide to the Soviet Navy, 5. Ausgabe, United States Naval Institute, Naval Institute Press, 1991, p.447
- ^ Ward, Philip. Bulgaria, a travel guide. Pelican. p. 168. http://books.google.com/books?id=jGEk1ivboGMC&pg=PA168.
- ^ Wright, Joseph, 1892, A Primer of the Gothic Language, glossary & section 182.
- ^ Pan-European corridors
- ^ a b Ramsar Convention
- ^ Herwig Wolfram: Die Goten: von den Anfängen bis zur Mitte des sechsten Jahrhunderts : Entwurf einer historischen Ethnographie, Verlag C.H.Beck, 2001, S. 130
- ^ Burgas, Bulgaria (Eyewitness Travel), Jonathan Bousfield and Matt Willis, Dorling Kindersley Limited, London, England, 2008, p. 210.
- ^ a b (Bulgarian) Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
- ^ a b (Bulgarian) National Statistical Institute - Towns population 1956-1992
- ^ (English) Bulgarian National Statistical Institute - towns in 2009
- ^ (English) Citypopulation.de
- ^ Pop-stat.mashke.org
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Burgas |
 |
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Burgas. |
- Official website
- Public-Private Partnerships portal of Burgas
- Information about Burgas
- Burgas Video Portal
- Factor Newspaper, Bourgas news
- Burgas Regional Administration
- Nikola Gruev's gallery of Burgas
- Public transportation in Burgas
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Coordinates: 42°30′N 27°28′E / 42.5°N 27.467°E / 42.5; 27.467
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Tsvetan Genchev Tsvetanov (Bulgarian: Цветан Генчев Цветанов, b. 8 April 1965) is a Bulgarian politician and former Ministry of the Interior official. A former security deputy mayor of Sofia, he was, till 2009, the chairman of the Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria (GERB) party. On 8 July 2009, in the wake of the 2009 parliamentary election won by his party, he was specified by de facto party leader Boyko Borisov as future Minister of the Interior.[1]
Tsvetanov was born in Sofia and graduated from the National Sports Academy; he also has a post-graduate degree in law from the University of National and World Economy. Tsvetanov's education also includes counteraction to global terrorism and prevention of illegal automobile trafficking courses at the headquarters of the Policía Nacional in Madrid, Spain, a management course at the International Law Enforcement Academy in Roswell, New Mexico and a basic course at ILEA Budapest, Hungary, as well as law enforcement courses at the American FBI and Department of Homeland Security.[2]
From 2001 to 2005, Tsvetanov was operative assistant to Boyko Borisov, Chief Secretary of the Ministry of the Interior, and director of the ministry's management department. He was a Ministry of the Interior official from 1987 to 2005, when he left the ministry together with Borisov.[1][2] Since GERB's establishment in 2006, the party has been chaired by Tsvetanov. Boyko Borisov is, however, the party's informal leader and Tsvetanov is perceived as his closest associate. Borisov is not allowed to head GERB due to being mayor of Sofia.[3]
Tsvetanov was announced as government candidate for the 2011 Bulgarian presidential election. GERB retains high approval rate, notwithstanding electoral delusion, and Tsvetanov can be seen as the frontrunner. His image was however tainted by unconvincing explanations of how he acquired six apartments in Sofia after entering politics in 2006.[4]
Tsvetanov is married to Desislava and has three daughters - Gergana, Vasilena and Sophia.[5]
References[link]
- ^ a b Панайотова, Диляна (2009-07-08). "Цветанов — министър на вътрешните работи" (in Bulgarian). News.bg. http://news.ibox.bg/news/id_368124238. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ a b "Цветан Цветанов" (in Bulgarian). ГЕРБ. http://www.gerb.bg/bg/deputy/deputydetail/cat_id/8/id/1. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ Гарчева, Веселина (2006-12-03). "Борисов даде ГЕРБ временно на Цветан Цветанов" (in Bulgarian). Сега. http://www.segabg.com/online/article.asp?issueid=2489§ionid=2&id=0000301. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ EU Observer
- ^ Надя, Панкова; Иван Иванов (2006-06-19). "Цветанов полицая VS Цветанов моряка" (in Bulgarian). Стандарт. http://paper.standartnews.com/bg/article.php?d=2009-06-19&article=282319. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
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| Name | Tsvetanov, Tsvetan |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1965-04-08 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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| Personal information | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Date of birth | (1990-08-20) 20 August 1990 (age 21) | ||
| Place of birth | Burgas[citation needed], Bulgaria | ||
| Height | 1.79 m (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in) | ||
| Playing position | Defender | ||
| Club information | |||
| Current club | Chernomorets Burgas | ||
| Number | 15 | ||
| Youth career | |||
| Naftex Burgas | |||
| Senior career* | |||
| Years | Team | Apps† | (Gls)† |
| 2009–2010 | Chernomorets Pomorie | 26 | (1) |
| 2011– | Chernomorets Burgas | 16 | (0) |
| National team‡ | |||
| 2011- | Bulgaria U21 | 1 | (0) |
| * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 18 April 2012. † Appearances (Goals). |
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Venelin Filipov (Bulgarian: Венелин Филипов) (born August 20, 1990) is a football midfielder from Bulgaria currently playing for Chernomorets Burgas in the A PFG.
References[link]
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Filipov, Venelin |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Football player |
| Date of birth | August 20, 1990 |
| Place of birth | Burgas, Bulgaria |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Venelin_Filipov
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For the former American Football player, see Buster Rhymes.
| Busta Rhymes | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Trevor Tahiem Smith, Jr. |
| Born | (1972-05-20) May 20, 1972 (age 40) |
| Origin | Brooklyn, New York, U.S. |
| Genres | Hip hop |
| Occupations | Rapper, actor |
| Years active | 1989–present |
| Labels | Conglomerate, Cash Money |
| Associated acts | Leaders of the New School, A Tribe Called Quest, Flipmode Squad, Spliff Star, Dr. Dre, N.O.R.E., The Notorious B.I.G., Pharrell, Swizz Beatz, DMX, Mystikal, Wu-Tang Clan, M.O.P., |
Trevor Tahiem Smith, Jr., (born May 20, 1972),[1] better known by his stage name Busta Rhymes, is an American rapper, producer and actor. Chuck D of Public Enemy gave him the alias Busta Rhymes after NFL wide receiver George "Buster" Rhymes. Early in his career, he was known for his wild style and fashion, and today is best known for his intricate rapping technique, which involves rapping at a fast rate with lots of internal rhyme and half rhyme, and to date has received eleven Grammy nominations for his musical work. About.com included him on its list of the 50 Greatest MCs of Our Time (1987–2007),[2] while Steve Huey of Allmusic called him one of the best and most prolific rappers of the '90s.[3]
Contents
|
Early life[link]
Busta was born in Red Hook, Brooklyn, New York, and grew up in Flatbush, Brooklyn, to Jamaican parents Geraldine Green and Trevor Smith, Sr. in 1972. Smith attended George Westinghouse Career and Technical Education High School, alongside Jay-Z, DMX and The Notorious B.I.G.[4][5][6][7] He went to Uniondale High School on Long Island, graduating in 1990.
Music Career[link]
Leaders of the New School and rising popularity: 1990–1993[link]
Hip-hop crew Leaders of the New School began recording in 1989 and released their debut album A Future Without a Past... in 1991 on Elektra Records. In early 1992 the group appeared on A Tribe Called Quest's posse cut "Scenario," in which Busta's climactic verse propelled him into the cultural consciousness.[8] In 1993, they released T.I.M.E. (The Inner Mind's Eye). Soon after, however, internal problems arose because of Busta's increasing popularity, and the group broke up on the set of Yo! MTV Raps.
After LONS broke up, Busta Rhymes began making guest appearances on several hip-hop and R&B artists singles such as R&B group Boyz II Men, he appeared on the track "Intro Talk" on Mary J. Blige's landmark debut album, What's the 411?, he also appeared on the album jacket of fellow hip-hop group A Tribe Called Quest's Midnight Marauders, with a host of other fellow hip-hop pioneers. In 1993, he appeared in a cameo role in Yo! MTV Raps hosts Doctor Dré and Ed Lover's film, Who's the Man?, and in the HBO film, Strapped, and co-starred alongside Ice Cube and Omar Epps in the John Singleton film, Higher Learning (which was in post-production until it was released in 1995). The following year, he teamed up with Puff Daddy, LL Cool J, and future Flipmode Squad member, Rampage and former classmate The Notorious B.I.G., on a remix to Craig Mack's "Flava In Ya Ear", soon after he would team up again with The Notorious B.I.G. among a plethora of rappers such as Bone Thugs-n-Harmony and Coolio on the single, "The Points" which appeared on the soundtrack to the 1995 film, Panther.
[edit] The Coming and When Disaster Strikes: 1995–1997
In the summer of 1995, Busta Rhymes started work on his first album The Coming, and a month after recording the album, he released it in March of 1996. A month before the album was released, he broke out with a solo hit single, "Woo Hah!! Got You All in Check". Later, he started work on his second album, When Disaster Strikes, which would not be released until September 1997. It produced the hit singles "Put Your Hands Where My Eyes Could See" and "Fire It Up".
[edit] Extinction Level Event (Final World Front): 1998–1999
In 1998, Busta recorded Extinction Level Event (Final World Front). Its lead single, "Gimme Some More" — which sampled Bernard Herrmann's theme from Psycho — reached number 6 in the UK singles chart in January 1999. Busta enjoyed further transatlantic success in April when the single "What's It Gonna Be?!", featuring Janet Jackson, reached the US and UK Top 11. The album received prominent notice for featuring the fastest rapping Busta has ever performed, particularly on a song called "Iz They Wildin Wit Us?", featuring a guest appearance by Mystikal.[1]
J/Arista/BMG[link]
- Anarchy & Genesis (2000-2001)
In 2000, Busta recorded his final album for Elektra, entitled Anarchy. After Busta signed to J Records, a label started by the then recently ousted Arista Records chief and founder Clive Davis, he released a greatest hits collection[citation needed] alongside a new album of original work. Continuing the Biblical theme of his previous albums, he titled his record Genesis. The album featured collaborations with Mary J. Blige, P. Diddy, Kelis, and others. Genesis was powered by the hit single with Kelis, "What It Is", and his solo single released in November 2001, "Break Ya Neck". The final single was the summer smash "Pass the Courvoisier, Part II", which featured Pharrell and P. Diddy. Despite the success of the two singles, this album did not sell as well as previous releases.
- It Aint Safe No More (2002-2004)
In 2002, Busta released his sixth studio album It Ain't Safe No More. The album was moderately successful, with a hit song featuring Mariah Carey and the Flipmode Squad called "I Know What You Want". Another hit song was "Make It Clap", featuring Spliff Starr. The remix of "Make It Clap" featured Sean Paul. After its release, he left J Records. In 2004, he signed with Dr. Dre's Aftermath Entertainment.
Aftermath/Interscope[link]
- The Big Bang (2006)
His seventh studio album, The Big Bang, became the first #1 album of his career. The CD sold over 209,000 copies in its first week to earn the top spot on The Billboard Top 200.[9] The album also became his highest charting album in the UK, peaking at #19. Some of the album was leaked on the Internet, and as a result several songs were left off the album and new ones added. The Big Bang featured more production by Dr. Dre than Busta's previous releases, as well as appearances by Raekwon and Nas. The singles that have been released from the album are, "Touch It", "I Love My Bitch", featuring Kelis and Will.I.Am, "New York Shit", featuring Swizz Beatz and "In The Ghetto". Busta also had a stint opening for Mariah Carey's The Adventures of Mimi Tour. Also, Busta performed with Eminem on "Touch It Remix Part 5" and performed a verse on the aforementioned rapper's song, "I'll Hurt You". On July 17, 2008, Busta left Interscope/Aftermath due to a creative clash with Interscope head Jimmy Iovine.
Universal Motown[link]
- Back on My B.S. (2007-2009)
He also made a song featuring Linkin Park called "We Made It". It was later revealed that Busta inked a deal with Universal Motown, who released his eighth studio album, Back on My B.S., on May 19, 2009.[10] He also appeared on Asher Roth's debut album, Asleep in the Bread Aisle. The album debuted at #5 on the Billboard 200, selling 56,000 copies, and was his first album to not receive an RIAA certification, selling 122,000 copies to date. The singles that have been released from the album are, "Arab Money", featuring Ron Browz, "Hustler's Anthem '09", featuring T-Pain and "Respect My Conglomerate". The song "World Go Round", featuring British singer Estelle, was released in France on April 6, 2009 due to the heavy rotation of a leaked version. The single was released in the UK on July 13, 2009. Due to controversial content, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has banned the album. Back on My B.S. was released internationally, but because of one song, "Arab Money", it is not available to buy as a CD there (however, the album can still be purchased via iTunes). According to the National Media Council, the lyrics were considered to be offensive to Arabs and to Islam, and permission for distribution was therefore denied. Some DJs, artists and fans have lambasted the track, saying it portrayed Arabs in a stereotypical way. The first part out of three of the remix by Rhymes contains verses from the Quran. In November, when "Arab Money" was released as a single, DJ Dany Neville and the Iraqi rapper The Narcicyst responded by recorded a reply. Busta later apologized. DJs in the country said they had not received an order banning the record from being spun in nightclubs, and they had mixed feelings on whether the record was offensive or not.[11] DJ Saif of Dubai said:
| “ | I don't play 'Arab Money' because it's disrespectful on Arabs. I don't think there is a ban on playing it in clubs, but many here don't play it anyway.[11] | ” |
Emirati DJ DJ Bliss, refused to play the Busta Rhymes' single called Arab Money on Radio 1 in Dubai after it was banned in the UAE for offense to Arabs along with many other Dj's in the United Arab Emirates that also took a stand. He added:
| “ | I used to play the original version in the club, but out of respect for the laws here in my country, I haven’t played it since.[11] | ” |
[edit] Conglomerate Records / Cash Money Records & Extinction Level Event 2 (2010-present)
Busta announced that he was working on his tenth studio album, alongside Canadian producer Boi-1da, entitled The Chemo. He says that his next project is 80 percent finished.[12] Busta has reportedly changed the title of his forthcoming Chemo album to Extinction.Level.Event.2 (E.L.E. 2).[13] Some new songs are being considered for the album, including "C'mon (Catch 'Em By Surprise) by Tiësto and Diplo and "Look at Me Now" alongside Chris Brown and Lil Wayne. The trend of album sequels continues with Busta adding another chapter to his 1998 opus E.L.E. (Extinction Level Event): The Final World Front. Busta's manager Chris Lighty sent out the message via Twitter. He said; "Extinction.Level.Event 2 ......prepare yourself." Like the first, E.L.E. 2 is inspired by movies of impending destruction on planet Earth, Lighty said; "From the Intro of the new Busta Album you're going to know you're in trouble and you just turned on 2012 the movie on warp speed,".
DJ Premier, in an August 6, 2010 interview on Conspiracy Worldwide Radio said Busta Rhymes has received over eight beats which he didn't want to use but Premier hoped his next beat would be chosen for inclusion on the album.[14] On DJ Premier's Live From Headqcourterz radio show Premier confirmed that one of his beats were to be included in E.L.E. 2. In 2010, Busta Rhymes formed his new label Conglomerate Records (With later on having rosters such as N.O.R.E., and Spliff Star). He was featured on C'mon (Catch 'Em By Surprise) by Tiësto and Diplo.
In 2011, Rhymes recorded "Look at Me Now" with Chris Brown and Lil Wayne on Brown's fourth album, F.A.M.E., the song has received favorable reviews regarding Rhymes guest verse on the song, and is his highest chart entry on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number six, while reaching number one on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, becoming his first #1 on that chart. On September 7, 2011, Rhymes received six nominations for the BET Hip Hop Awards, held on October 11, 2011.
On May 1, 2011 Rhymes appeared on the launch show for MNET's Big Brother Africa 6: Amplified and performed some of his songs.
In 2011, Busta Rhymes performed at the Gathering of the Juggalos.[15]
Rhymes contributed to the 2011 Tech N9ne album "All 6's and 7's". The single "Worldwide Choppers" was released on May 31st, 2011.[16]
Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber will feature Busta on a song called "Drummer Boy" off Bieber's sophomore studio album, Under the Mistletoe, released on 1 November 2011.[17]
On November 11, 2011, a Heavy D tribute song titled "You Ain’t Gotta Wait Till I’m Gone" was leaked.[18]
On November 16, 2011, it was announced that Busta Rhymes and Mystikal signed to Cash Money Records.[19] On June 08, 2010, way before he was signed by Birdman, he released "Stop the Party (Iron Man)" which featured Swizz Beatz. For his debut single on the Cash Money label and his Conglomerate Records, he reunites with Chris Brown to make the aggressive single known as Why Stop Now.
In 2012, Busta collaborated with Jodie Connor, featuring on her single "Take You There", however he did not appear in the music video.
A song with Twista, titled "Can You Keep Up" was leaked.
Acting Career[link]
Busta has appeared in a number of films (including Shaft, The Rugrats Movie, Halloween: Resurrection, and Higher Learning) and TV shows (including Cosby, The Boondocks, and The Steve Harvey Show).[20][21][22][23][24]
Personal life[link]
Busta has three children with his ex-girlfriend, Joanne Wood: T'Ziah (born 1993), T'Khi (born 1999), and Trillian (born 2000).
Religion[link]
On September 2, 2007, a video was uploaded on Liveleak.com about Rhymes having converted to Islam.[25] He himself has said that he lives his life by Islam, stating he is Muslim and loves Allah.
Legal issues[link]
On August 20, 2006, he was arraigned for charges of third-degree assault after attacking a man who reportedly spat on his car in New York City on August 12 after the AmsterJam Music Festival on Randall's Island.[26]
On October 24, 2006, he appeared at Manhattan Criminal Court as the district attorney's office attempted to amend previous charges against him to include weapons possession for a machete found in his car. The judge refused to add the charge and adjourned the case.[27][28]
On February 20, 2007, Busta refused a plea deal offered by the prosecutors office for the assault of his former driver, Edward Hatchett. The deal would have entailed six months in jail and pleading guilty to two assaults, the attack on Hatchett, and the attack on the former fan. The dispute with Hatchett is believed to have originated over back pay Hatchett felt he was owed. Manhattan Criminal Court Judge Becki Rowe offered Busta another option, pleading guilty to third-degree assault. The conditions of the proposed sentence would include five days of community service, two weeks of youth lectures and six months of anger management classes, as well as three years of probation. On March 18, 2008 a judge in New York City sentenced Busta to three years' probation, 10 days' community service, $1250 in fines (plus court costs), and to enroll in a drunken driving program.[28][29][30][31]
On September 25, 2008, he was temporarily refused entry to the United Kingdom due to "unresolved convictions".[32]
On October 14, 2009, a Brooklyn judge ordered Busta to pay a concert goer $75,000 in compensation for an assault which occurred in 2003.[33]
Discography[link]
Main article: Busta Rhymes discography
- The Coming (1996)
- When Disaster Strikes... (1997)
- E.L.E. (Extinction Level Event): The Final World Front (1998)
- Anarchy (2000)
- Genesis (2001)
- It Ain't Safe No More... (2002)
- The Big Bang (2006)
- Back on My B.S. (2009)
- E.L.E. (Extinction Level Event) 2: End of the World (TBA)
Awards and nominations[link]
Busta Rhymes has been nominated for 11 Grammy Awards during his 16-year solo career.
Grammy Awards
| Year | Nominated work | Award | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1997 | "Woo-Hah! Got You All in Check" | Best Rap Solo Performance | Nominated |
| 1998 | "Put Your Hands Where My Eyes Could See" | Best Rap Solo Performance | Nominated |
| 1999 | "Dangerous" | Best Rap Solo Performance | Nominated |
| 2000 | "Gimme Some More" | Best Rap Solo Performance | Nominated |
| 2000 | "What's It Gonna Be?" | Best Rap Performance By a Duo or Group | Nominated |
| 2000 | E.L.E. (Extinction Level Event): The Final World Front | Best Rap Album | Nominated |
| 2001 | "Fire" | Best Music Video, Short Form | Nominated |
| 2003 | "Pass the Courvoisier Pt. 2" | Best Rap Performance By a Duo or Group | Nominated |
| 2007 | "Touch It" | Best Rap Solo Performance | Nominated |
| 2012 | "Look At Me Now" | Best Rap Performance | Nominated |
| 2012 | "Look At Me Now" | Best Rap Song | Nominated |
Busta Rhymes has been nominated for 10 MTV Video Music Awards during his 16-year solo career, but has yet to win one.
MTV Video Music Awards
| Year | Nominated work | Award | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | "Woo-Hah! Got You All in Check" | Best Breakthrough Video | Nominated |
| 1998 | "Put Your Hands Where My Eyes Could See" | Best Rap Video | Nominated |
| 1998 | "Put Your Hands Where My Eyes Could See" | Best Male Video | Nominated |
| 1998 | "Put Your Hands Where My Eyes Could See" | Best Breakthrough Video | Nominated |
| 1999 | "What's It Gonna Be?" | Best Hip-Hop Video | Nominated |
| 1999 | "Gimme Some More" | Best Breakthrough Video | Nominated |
| 2002 | "Pass the Courvoisier Pt. 2" | Best Hip-Hop Video | Nominated |
| 2003 | "I Know What You Want" | Best Hip-Hop Video | Nominated |
| 2006 | "Touch It" | Best Rap Video | Nominated |
| 2006 | "Touch It" | Best Male Video | Nominated |
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ a b Bush, John (1972-05-20). "allmusic Biography". Allmusic.com. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p61282/biography. Retrieved 2010-09-06.
- ^ "Top 50 MCs of Our Time: 1987 - 2007 - 50 Greatest Emcees of Our Time". Rap.about.com. 2012-01-26. http://rap.about.com/od/toppicks/ss/Top50Emcees_3.htm. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
- ^ Huey, Steve (2000-06-20). "Anarchy - Busta Rhymes". AllMusic. http://www.allmusic.com/album/anarchy-r486345/review. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "Busta Rhymes Biography". Filmreference.com. http://www.filmreference.com/film/61/Busta-Rhymes.html. Retrieved 2010-09-06.
- ^ Century, Douglas (January 26, 2002). "Rhymes and reason". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/2002/jan/26/weekend7.weekend2. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
- ^ "Mom of star rapper Busta Rhymes loses 145 pounds, shows there's hope for others fighting obesity". Jet. 2004. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1355/is_21_106/ai_n7580052/.
- ^ Young, Kevin. Unwrapping the Message. Bookforum. Accessed November 16, 2010.
- ^ "All Music - The Big Bang". http://www.allmusic.com/album/r834513/charts-awards.
- ^ Exclusive: Busta Rhymes Signs with Universal Motown. Rap-up.com.'.' Retrieved September 17, 2008.
- ^ a b c "Busta Rhymes album banned over track that quotes Quran - The National Newspaper". Thenational.ae. 2009-05-28. http://www.thenational.ae/article/20090529/NATIONAL/705289848/1010. Retrieved 2010-09-06.
- ^ "Busta Rhymes Brings Chemo To Hip Hop | Busta Rhymes". Rap Basement. 2009-09-02. http://www.rapbasement.com/busta-rhymes/090209-busta-rhymes-says-hes-80-percent-done-with-new-the-chemo-album.html. Retrieved 2010-09-06.
- ^ "Busta Rhymes Changes Title Of New Album | Busta Rhymes". Rap Basement. 2010-05-10. http://www.rapbasement.com/busta-rhymes/051010-busta-rhymes-changes-title-of-new-album-from-chemo-to-extinction-level-event-2-watch-here.html. Retrieved 2010-09-06.
- ^ "DJ Premier talks of Busta Rhymes on Conspiracy Worldwide Radio Aug 6th 2010". Conspiracyworldwide.podomatic.com. 2010-08-07. http://conspiracyworldwide.podomatic.com/entry/index/2010-08-07T11_24_08-07_00. Retrieved 2010-09-06.
- ^ "Video: 2011 Gathering Of The Juggalos Infomercial". Ilpvideo.com. 2011-06-18. http://ilpvideo.com/video.php?v=MjQ5NjA. Retrieved 2011-10-30.
- ^ ""Worldwide Choppers" single on iTunes". http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/worldwide-choppers-feat-d/id438708422. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
- ^ "Justin Bieber Unwraps ‘Mistletoe’ Tracklisting with Mariah Carey, Usher, & Busta Rhymes". Rap-Up.com. http://www.rap-up.com/2011/10/05/justin-bieber-unwraps-mistletoe-tracklisting-with-mariah-carey-usher-busta-rhymes/. Retrieved 2011-10-30.
- ^ "You Ain't Gotta Wait Til I'm Gone (Heavy D Tribute)". HipHopDX.com. 2011-11-11. http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/singles/id.17612/title.busta-rhymes-you-aint-gotta-wait-til-im-gone-heavy-d-tribute. Retrieved 2011-11-11.
- ^ "New Music: Busta Rhymes x Chris Brown 'Why Stop Now'". RapRadar.com. 2011-11-16. http://rapradar.com/2011/11/16/new-music-busta-rhymes-x-chris-brown-why-stop-now/. Retrieved 2011-11-16.
- ^ http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1426758/busta-rhymes-expands-film-resume-with-shaft-madonna-projects.jhtml
- ^ http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2004/4/28/o-busta-where-art-thou-in/
- ^ http://www.bet.com/topics/b/busta-rhymes.html
- ^ http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,322706,00.html
- ^ http://bossip.com/100124/busta-rhymes-would-gladly-trade-rap-for-tv-career
- ^ "Busta Rhymes Converts to Islam". liveleak.com. http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=c68_1188723453&c=1. Retrieved 2007-09-02.
- ^ P-I staff, news services (2006-08-21). "People in the News: Busta Rhymes busted". Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Hearst Corporation). http://www.seattlepi.com/people/281942_people21.html. Retrieved 2007-05-11.
- ^ Hartocollis, Anemona (October 25, 2006). "Rappers Come and Go, Serving Justice and Their Fans". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/25/nyregion/25rap.html?_r=1&ref=nyregion&oref=slogin. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
- ^ a b "Rapper Busta Rhymes considers judge’s plea offer". Boston Herald. February 20, 2007. http://thetrack.bostonherald.com/moreTrack/view.bg?articleid=183987. [dead link]
- ^ "Rapper Busta Rhymes considers plea deal for misdemeanor assault with no jail time". Court TV. February 21, 2007. http://www.courttv.com/people/2007/0220/busta_rhymes_ap.html.
- ^ Gregorian, Dareh (February 21, 2007). "Rhymes Could 'Beat' The Rap". New York Post. http://www.nypost.com/seven/02212007/news/regionalnews/rhymes_could_beat_the_rap_regionalnews_dareh_gregorian.htm.
- ^ Woo Hah! Judge's Got Busta All in Check! - TMZ.com - Entertainment News, Celebrity Gossip and Hollywood Rumors
- ^ "Rapper Rhymes detained at airport". BBC. September 25, 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7635992.stm. Retrieved 2008-09-25.
- ^ Demarche, Edmund; Sanderson, Bill (December 4, 2009). "Busta fined 75G for fan assault". New York Post. http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/brooklyn/busta_fined_for_fan_assault_hzaq1jj4lxauqfulTytkuI.
External links[link]
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Busta Rhymes |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Busta Rhymes |
- Busta Rhymes at MTV
- Busta Rhymes at the Internet Movie Database
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Busta Rhymes |
| Alternative names | Smith, Trevor Taheim, Jr. |
| Short description | Rapper, hip hop musician |
| Date of birth | 5/20/1972 |
| Place of birth | Brooklyn, New York, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Busta_Rhymes
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Busta Rhymes
http://cs.wn.com/Busta Rhymes
http://es.wn.com/Busta Rhymes
http://ru.wn.com/Баста Раймс
http://nl.wn.com/Busta Rhymes
http://pt.wn.com/Busta Rhymes
http://pl.wn.com/Busta Rhymes
http://fr.wn.com/Busta Rhymes
http://de.wn.com/Busta Rhymes
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busta_Rhymes
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Armin van Buuren | |
|---|---|
 Van Buuren performing on Queensday in Amsterdam, 2011 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Armin van Buuren |
| Also known as | Gaia, AVB |
| Born | (1976-12-25) 25 December 1976 (age 35) Leiden, South Holland, Netherlands[1] |
| Origin | Koudekerk aan den Rijn, South Holland, Netherlands |
| Genres | Trance Progressive Trance Uplifting Trance Neo-trance |
| Occupations | Remixer, Producer, DJ, Composer, Musician, Pianist, Songwriter |
| Instruments | Synthesizer, drum machine, equalizer, personal computer |
| Years active | 1995–present |
| Labels | Armada Music (2003–present), Vandit (Co-Joined), Ministry of Sound Australia |
| Associated acts | Alibi, Dark Matter, Electrix, Lilmotion, Major League, Monsieur Basculant, Red & White, Technology, Triple A, Wodka Wasters, Nadia Ali,[2] Christian Burns,[2] Ferry Corsten,[2] Adam Young,[2] BT,[2] Sophie Ellis-Bextor,[2] Guy Chambers[2] |
| Website | arminvanbuuren.com |
Armin van Buuren (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑr.mɪn vɑn ˈby.rə(n)]), OON (born 25 December 1976 in Leiden, Netherlands)[1] is a Dutch trance producer and DJ. Between 2007 and 2010, he was voted number one in DJ Magazine's annual top 100 list of the most popular DJs.[1] In the 2011 list, he ranked in second place. Since 2001, Van Buuren has hosted a weekly radio show called A State of Trance, which claims to have around 15 million weekly listeners in 26 countries,[3] which would make it one of the most listened-to radio shows in the world. His 2008 studio album, Imagine, entered the Dutch album chart at #1, a first for a dance music artist in Dutch music history.[4]
Contents |
Personal life[link]
Armin van Buuren was born in Leiden, Netherlands on 25 December 1976,[1] but grew up in Koudekerk aan den Rijn. Van Buuren started making music when he was 14.[citation needed] He was inspired by French electronic music composer, Jean Michel Jarre, and wished to become a great electronic music composer like Jarre.[citation needed]
He finished high school at the Stedelijk Gymnasium Leiden in 1995, and left for college to study law at Leiden University. While studying law, Van Buuren's interest for making music blossomed, and he began working as a DJ in a local club called Nexus. As his musical career began to take off, he put his law degree on hold, although he did return to finish law school in 2003.
On 18 September 2009, Van Buuren married Erika van Thiel in Wassenaar, Netherlands. They met during a vacation on Crete, and had been together for nine years prior to the marriage.[5][6]
On 12 January 2011, Van Buuren announced the pregnancy of his wife Erika on Twitter.[7] He hoped the baby, due that summer, would be his "best production ever."[7] Their daughter, Fenna, was born on 24 July 2011.[8]
Career[link]
 |
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2012) |
1995–1999: Early career and success[link]
In 1995, Van Buuren had his first major success with a track called "Blue Fear", which was released under the Cyber Records label; he was 19 years old at the time. This track, which was produced in the "Euro Trance" mold, made it onto the UK Chart. Another successful track, "Communication" was released under the same label, and became popular in Ibiza, Spain in the summer of 1999. After being signed to AM PM Records, this track entered the UK Chart at No. 18 in 2000.
Van Buuren began his DJ career at club Nexus in Leiden, where he learned to play long DJ sets, which were regularly six to seven hours per set.[9] During school holidays he played more than four times a week. In 1999, he met Dave Lewis who introduced him as a DJ in England and the United States.[9] His career accelerated, entering the DJ magazine Top-100 in November 2001 at Number 27.[9] He has played in more than 25 different countries and can often be found on the main stage at big summer festivals. Van Buuren played a record-breaking twelve and a half hour set for Dancetheater in The Hague (the Netherlands).[10][11] In the United Kingdom he performs regularly at Passion (resident 2002), Godskitchen, Gatecrasher, Slinky, Ministry of Sound, Peach and Golden.
In the beginning of 1999, Van Buuren started his label Armind together with United Recordings. The first release, Gig – "One," was well received. The second release "Touch Me," under the name Rising Star was signed to Ministry of Sound in the UK, before the record was released.
By the time of his third release, Gimmick – "Free" was signed to R&S Records, Van Buuren had managed to make his label popular very quickly. Under the surname Gaia he released "4 Elements" on Captivating Sounds, a sub-label of Warner Brothers. Teaming up with Tiësto, two new projects were born: Major League – "Wonder Where You Are?" was released on Black Hole Recordings and Alibi – "Eternity" was released on Armind. "Eternity" received club and chart success and was signed to Paul van Dyk's imprint Vandit Records. Another major collaboration followed this. Together with Ferry Corsten, Van Buuren recorded a riff-classic titled "Exhale" for the System F. album. Released as a single, this track reached gold status in less than a month.
[edit] 2000–2004: A State of Trance and 76
In 2000, Van Buuren started his own Armin van Buuren compilation series. He managed to find a balance between progressive house,and vocal trance music styles. His first compilation album, A State of Trance (not to be confused with his weekly A State of Trance radio shows), sold more than 10,000 copies and contains Van Buuren's well known remix of Moogwai, "Viola." His second album, Basic Instinct featured a new track: "Perpetuous Dreamer" – "The Sound of Goodbye." This track entered the Dutch charts in June 2001 at number 26. Later in the year, the track hit No. 1 on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart. The third album, In Motion was released 6 August 2001. This album contained the real trance sound and was very popular in the United States. A fourth album, Transparence, followed in 2002. In 2003, he worked with such artists such as DJ Seth Alan Fannin throughout a global tour on Dance Revolution in Europe, selling out to crowds of 20,000 people in Armin's home country of the Netherlands.
In March 2001, Van Buuren started his own radio show on ID&T Radio (traditionally broadcast in Dutch and later English since ASOT 183). In this weekly two-hour show, entitled A State of Trance, he plays the latest popular trance music tracks. His show and the artists he features are popularized by publishing the artists and track titles on his website. This radio-show/website combination has proven popular internationally. When ID&T Radio changed genres in 2004, Van Buuren left and took A State of Trance with him. The show then moved to Fresh FM, a Dutch radio station. It is now a weekly feature on SLAM!FM, another Dutch radio station, DI.FM, an online radio station, and on XM Satellite Radio, channel 80 in the United States and Canada. A complete list of stations that broadcast A State of Trance can be found at the ASOT section of Armin's website. Also in 2004, Van Buuren remixed the 24 theme song into a trance hit. In June 2005, the 200th episode was celebrated in Amsterdam and subsequently aired on radio. The 250th (eight hour) anniversary episode was celebrated in Club Asta in The Hague, Netherlands, featuring Van Buuren, Jonas Steur, M.I.K.E., John Askew, Rank 1 and Menno de Jong.[citation needed]
In 2002, he had a residency at Glow in Washington D.C.,[9] and he has played all across North America in San Francisco, Vancouver, Houston, Toronto, Boston, Calgary, Charlotte, Chicago, Montreal, Detroit, Edmonton, Atlanta, Austin, Denver, New York City, Los Angeles, St. Louis, Minneapolis, Seattle and at The Necto (nightclub). He has also regularly appeared at Amnesia on the island of Ibiza, Balearic Islands, Spain. In October that year, Van Buuren was voted Number 5 in the DJ Magazine 100 top DJ's. The following year, he jumped up to the No. 3 spot, and held 3rd place for the next three years. His work left him at the No. 2 spot, just below Paul van Dyk in the 2006 polls, and, in 2007, Armin reached #1, heading the 2007 DJ Mag Top 100. He was voted No. 1 again in 2008, 2009 and again in 2010.[citation needed]
In June 2003, Van Buuren released his debut studio album, 76, a 76-minute album divided into 13 tracks.[12]
[edit] 2005–present: Shivers, Imagine and Mirage
On 8 August 2005, Van Buuren released his second studio album, Shivers. On the album Van Buuren worked with artists such as Pakistani-American singer Nadia Ali, English singer Justine Suissa and American trance duo Gabriel & Dresden.
On 11 November 2006, he had a live performance called Armin Only in Ahoy Rotterdam for the second time (after 12 November 2005) with a nine hour solo set, where he performed to over 11,000 fans.
In the summer of 2007, Van Buuren recorded and released a live set at Amnesia, Ibiza. Universal Religion Chapter 3, Live from Amnesia at Ibiza was released on 28 September 2007 as a mix compilation on Armada Records and in the US as "Universal Religion 2008" on Ultra Records on 4 December 2007.
On 17 April 2008, Van Buuren released his third studio album, Imagine. It features collaboration with singers such as Sharon den Adel of Within Temptation and Jacqueline Govaert of Krezip. The album debuted at number one on the Dutch Albums Chart. Since the release of Imagine, Van Buuren has been working with Benno de Goeij and DJ-RA of Rank 1 on solo productions and remixes.[citation needed]
19 April 2008 saw the 3rd edition of Armin Only, this time in the Jaarbeurs in Utrecht, Netherlands. The event was attended by 16,000 fans and (partly) broadcast live on Dutch National TV. During the second half of 2008, Van Buuren took this show abroad, with visits to Australia, Romania, Poland, Belgium, and a special New Years Eve 2008 show at Together As One in Los Angeles, U.S.
On 29 September 2008, Armin won the DJ Award for "Best Trance DJ" at Ibiza along with other nominees, that of Tiësto, Ferry Corsten and Paul van Dyk.
On 12 January 2008, Van Buuren was given the "Buma Cultuur Pop Award," the most prestigious Dutch music award.
In 2009, Foreign Media Games announced the production of In The Mix: Featuring Armin van Buuren, a music game being produced in collaboration with Cloud 9 Music and Van Buuren's Armada Music label. The title is scheduled to be released sometime in 2010 exclusively for the Wii console.[13]
He has collaborated with his brother, guitarist Eller van Buuren, in such venues as Together As One in Los Angeles, U.S., on New Year's Eve 2009, as well as on Armin's 2008 album Imagine.
On 3 March 2010, Van Buuren was awarded with the prestigious Golden Harp, for his musical work and contribution to Dutch music, by the music collecting society BUMA/STEMRA at the 2010 Buma Harpen Gala in Hilversum, the Netherlands.[14][15]
On 23 June 2010, it was announced that Van Buuren's fourth studio album, Mirage was due to be released on 10 September.[16] The first single "Full Focus", was released through iTunes Store on 24 June at midnight.[17] The song peaked at number sixty in the Netherlands. One of the confirmed tracks from the album is a collaboration with English singer Sophie Ellis-Bextor called Not Giving Up On Love, which was released as a single from Bextor's fourth studio album, Make a Scene.[18][19] Armin also wrote a song for English singer Seal, but due to the release of his greatest hits album, Hits, the collaboration never came together.[20]
On 12 September 2010, Van Buuren launched "A State of Sundays", a new weekly 24-hour radio show aired on Sirius XM Radio [21]
On 20 October 2010, Van Buuren won the award for Most Popular International DJ presented by The Golden Gnomes.[22]
On 27 October 2010, Van Buuren was announced, for the 4th year running, as the number 1 DJ, and thus prolonging his title as 'Most Popular DJ in the World'.[23]
The 2010 edition of Armin Only: Mirage kicked off on 13 November 2010, in Utrecht, Netherlands, with more shows coming in Saint-Petersburg, Kiev, Buenos Aires, Melbourne, Beirut, Poznań, Moscow and Bratislava .[24]
On 27 November 2010, Van Buuren made his third appearance in Shanghai, China.
On 2 February 2012, Van Buuren mentioned a new studio album in the works on episode #546 of his radio show, "A State Of Trance".
A State of Trance 500 (ASOT 500)[link]
To mark the 10 year anniversary and 500th episode of his weekly radio show A State of Trance, Van Buuren performed at five shows across five continents over five consecutive weeks along with various artists.
The first show was held on 19 March 2011 in Johannesburg, South Africa at the MTN Expo Center. In addition to Armin, Blake Jarrell, Protoculture, Lange, Leon Bolier, and Jorn van Deynhoven were performers. Super8 & Tab were to be part of the South African show, however a flight cancellation caused them to be absent for the event. The event was attended by over 20,000 people.
Miami's show was performed at the Ultra Music Festival on 27 March, and part of the show were Marcus Schossow, Alex M.O.R.P.H., Cosmic Gate, Gareth Emery, Ferry Corsten, ATB, and Sander van Doorn.
Argentina held the third celebration of ASOT 500 in club G.E.B.A Buenos Aires, with Heatbeat, Jochen Miller, Dash Berlin, Markus Schulz, John O'Callaghan and W & W. It was the only of the five ASOT 500 celebrations that was held outdoors. Van Buuren recorded a live video with his cell phone and uploaded it to Twitter while playing his live set.
ASOT 500 was celebrated in the Netherlands in Den Bosch. Accompanied by more than 30 DJs from countries all over the world, the event was attended by over 30,000 people. DJs present included Markus Schulz, Gareth Emery, Above & Beyond, Paul Oakenfold and Sean Tyas. The event was radio broadcast live to over 30 countries.[25][dated info]
The final show was held in Sydney, Australia on 16 April at Acer Arena in Olympic Park. It was a sold out event weeks before the night. Artists present included Shogun, tyDi, Menno de Jong, Aly & Fila, and Alex M.O.R.P.H. Van Buuren played for three hours.
A State of Trance 550 (ASOT 550)[link]
In March 2012, Van Buuren performed in six shows across three continents as part of ASOT 550. He began his tour on March 1 in London, continued on to Moscow on March 7, and to Kiev, Ukraine on March 10. Then, he traveled to the United States to host his show at the Beyond Wonderland festival in Southern California. A week later on March 25, he closed out Ultra Music Festival 2012 for the 5th edition. This was followed by the final show in the Brabanthallen of Den Bosch, the Netherlands.
A State of Trance sponsored a tent at the Electric Daisy Carnival at Met Life stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey on May 19, 2012, which by all accounts could be considered an unofficial extension of ASOT 550. [26]
Discography[link]
Main article: Armin van Buuren discography
Year Mixes[link]
Van Buuren is well known for his annual "Year Mix" which incorporates clips and custom mashups from the year's most popular trance tracks. Each year-mix consists of about 85 individual releases, edited into a two hour mix which is released on double CD as well as aired on his weekly radio show at the end of each year. According to Van Buuren, each year-mix takes several months to make, including thousands of digital audio edits and hundreds of audio plugins.
References[link]
- ^ a b c d "Armin van Buuren - Armada Music". http://www.armadamusic.com/artist/armin-van-buuren/. Retrieved 17 December 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Armada Music: Armin van Buuren - Mirage". http://www.armadamusic.com/music/?release=ARDI1688. Retrieved 17 December 2011.
- ^ "About - A State of Trance". http://www.astateoftrance.com/about/. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
- ^ "Armin van Buuren – Imagine". dutchcharts.nl. http://www.dutchcharts.nl/showitem.asp?interpret=Armin+van+Buuren&titel=Imagine&cat=a. Retrieved 25 March 2010.
- ^ "RTL Boulevard – Armin van Buuren getrouwd" (in (Dutch)). Rtl.nl. http://www.rtl.nl/%28/actueel/rtlboulevard/nieuws/articleview/%29/components/actueel/rtlboulevard/2009/09_september/entertainment/articles/17092009_Armin_van_buuren_getrouwd.xml. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
- ^ "Radio 538 | Headlines | Armin van Buuren gaat trouwen | Radio 538 = 102 FM". Radio538.nl. http://www.radio538.nl/web/show/id=876641/contentid=93396/. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
- ^ a b "Armin van Buuren announcing the pregnancy of his wife on Twitter". Armin van Buuren. http://twitter.com/arminvanbuuren/status/25106231626563584.
- ^ "Armin for "Best Dad In the World"!". http://www.arminvanbuuren.com/news/2011/07/armin-for-%E2%80%98best-dad-in-the-world%E2%80%99/. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
- ^ a b c d "Armin van Buuren Profile". InternetDJ.Com. before May 2003. http://www.internetdj.com/links.php?op=viewlinkdetails&lid=686&ttitle=Armin_Van_Buuren.
- ^ "Armin Van Buuren Trance Deejay Netherlands DJ Global DJ". Tranceelements.com. 25 December 1976. http://www.tranceelements.com/djs/armin-van-buuren-trance-music-biography.html. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
- ^ "Armin Van Buuren Biography". Starpulse.com. 25 December 1976. http://www.starpulse.com/Music/Van_Buuren,_Armin/Biography/. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
- ^ "Armin van Buuren - 76 - Release". http://www.arminvanbuuren.com/discography/?release=Arma056. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
- ^ 'In The Mix: Featuring Armin van Buuren' (Wii) Shows Off Career Mode – Screen, 30 October 2009
- ^ "Buma Gouden – en Zilveren Harpen, Buma Exportprijs en Beste Nederlandse Lied uitgereikt" (in Dutch). Buma Cultuur. 3 March 2010. http://www.bumacultuur.nl/nl/nieuws/171/buma-gouden-en-zilveren-harpen-buma-exportprijs-en-beste-nederlandse-lied-uitgereikt. Retrieved 25 March 2010.
- ^ "Armin van Buuren awarded with Gouden Harp". Armada Music. 4 March 2010. http://www.armadamusic.com/news/2010/03/armin-van-buuren-awarded-with-gouden-harp/. Retrieved 25 March 2010.
- ^ "New single Full Focus available tonight at 00:00". arminvanbuuren.com. 23 June 2010. http://www.arminvanbuuren.com/news/362/. Retrieved 23 June 2010. [dead link]
- ^ "New single Full Focus out now! " Armin van Buuren". arminvanbuuren.com. http://www.arminvanbuuren.com/news/2010/06/new-single-full-focus-out-now/. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
- ^ Levine, Nick (7 June 2010). "Music – News – Ellis-Bextor switches single plans". Digital Spy. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a223927/ellis-bextor-switches-single-plans.html. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
- ^ Levine, Nick (24 June 2010). "Armin werkte 'harder dan ooit' aan nieuwe plaat" (in Dutch). DePers.nl. http://www.depers.nl/entertainment/489763/Armin-werkte-harder-dan-ooit.html. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
- ^ van Luling, Dennis (30 June 2010). "Armin van Buuren verovert ook Zuid-Amerika" (in Dutch). NU.nl. http://www.nu.nl/muziek/2281427/armin-van-buuren-verovert-zuid-amerika.html. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
- ^ Armin launches A State of Sundays on Sirius XM « Armin van Buuren
- ^ Golden Gnome Awards
- ^ Armin van Buuren no 1 DJ in the DJ Mag Top 100 again! « Armin van Buuren
- ^ Shows & Tickets « Armin Only
- ^ "A State of Trance 500". Armin van Buuren. Dance Foundation. 20 March 2011. http://www.astateoftrance.com/a-state-of-trance-500/.
- ^ « Armin van Buuren
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Armin van Buuren |
- Official website
- Artist Page on ArmadaMusic.com
- Armin van Buuren on Myspace
- Armin van Buuren at Allmusic
- Armin van Buuren discography at Discogs
- Armin van Buuren discography at MusicBrainz
- Armin van Buuren at the Internet Movie Database
- Armin van Buuren's profile on Trancepedia
- Armada Music – the record label of Armin van Buuren
- Armin van Buuren – A State of Trance episodes
- *Flowd - artist channel on *Flowd network.
| Awards and achievements | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Erol Alkan |
Mixmag Number 1 DJ 2007 |
Succeeded by Tiësto |
| Preceded by n/a |
Beatport Music Awards: Best Trance Artist 2008–2010 |
Succeeded by n/a |
| Preceded by Paul van Dyk |
DJ Magazine Number 1 DJ 2007–2010 |
Succeeded by David Guetta |
|
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Buuren, Armin van |
| Alternative names | Al mine van buren |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 23 December 1995 |
| Place of birth | Leiden, South Holland, Netherlands |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Armin_van_Buuren
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Armin van Buuren
http://cs.wn.com/Armin van Buuren
http://es.wn.com/Armin van Buuren
http://ru.wn.com/Бюрен, Армин ван
http://nl.wn.com/Armin van Buuren
http://pt.wn.com/Armin van Buuren
http://pl.wn.com/Armin van Buuren
http://fr.wn.com/Armin van Buuren
http://de.wn.com/Armin van Buuren
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armin_van_Buuren
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
