Sven Magnus Øen Carlsen (born 30 November 1990) is a Norwegian chess Grandmaster and chess prodigy who is currently the number-one ranked player in the world. In January 2010 he became the seventh player in history to be ranked number one in the world on the official FIDE rating list. His peak rating is 2835, the second highest in history, after Garry Kasparov.[1]
On 26 April 2004 Carlsen became a Grandmaster at the age of &1000000000000001300000013 years, &10000000000000148000000148 days, making him the third-youngest Grandmaster in history. On 1 January 2010 the new FIDE rating list was published, and at the age of &1000000000000001900000019 years, &1000000000000003200000032 days, he became the youngest chess player in history to be ranked world number one, breaking the record previously held by Vladimir Kramnik.[2] Carlsen was also the 2009 World blitz chess champion.
His performance at the September–October 2009 Nanjing Pearl Spring tournament has been described as one of the greatest in history[3] and lifted him to an Elo rating of 2801, making him the fifth player to achieve a rating over 2800 – and aged 18 years 10 months at the time, by far the youngest to do so.
Based on his rating, Carlsen qualified for the Candidates Tournament which determined the challenger to World Champion Viswanathan Anand in the World Chess Championship 2012. In November 2010, however, he announced he was withdrawing from the Candidates tournament.[4]
Born in Tønsberg, Vestfold, Carlsen currently lives in Haslum, Bærum, near Norway's capital, Oslo. He played his first chess tournament at the age of eight and was later coached at a Norwegian high school (for athletes) by the country's top player, Grandmaster (GM) Simen Agdestein. Agdestein introduced his civil worker Torbjørn Ringdal Hansen, currently an International Master, to Carlsen, and they had one training session every week, along with one of Carlsen's close friends. Becoming an International Master, Carlsen was given a year off from elementary school to participate in international chess tournaments during the fall season of 2003. In that same year, he finished third in the European Under-12 Boys Championship.
Carlsen was brought to the attention of the international chess world after his victory in the C group at the Corus chess tournament in Wijk aan Zee. Carlsen had a score of 10½/13, losing just one game (against the highest rated player of the C group, Dusko Pavasovic).[5] As a result of the victory, he took his first Grandmaster norm and achieved a performance rating of 2702. Particularly notable was his win over Sipke Ernst in the penultimate round, when Carlsen sacrificed material to mate him in just 29 moves.[6] Carlsen won the Audience Prize for that game, as the best game of the round (including the games played in the A and B groups). The first 23 moves in that game had already been played in another game Almagro Llanas-Gustafsson, Madrid 2003 (which ended in a draw), but Carlsen's over-the-board novelty immediately led to a winning position. Carlsen's victory in the C group qualified him to play in the B group in 2005, and it also led Lubomir Kavalek, writing for the Washington Post, to give him the title "Mozart of chess". Agdestein, who was once a young GM at 18, said in an interview that Carlsen was a significantly better player than he was himself at the same age. He also said that Carlsen had an excellent memory and played an unusually wide range of different openings. Carlsen's prowess caught the attention of Microsoft, who became his sponsor.[7]
Carlsen obtained his second GM norm in the Moscow Aeroflot Open in February 2004. In a blitz chess tournament in Reykjavík, Iceland, Carlsen defeated former world champion Anatoly Karpov on 17 March 2004. The blitz tournament was a preliminary event leading up to a rapid knockout tournament beginning the next day, where Carlsen achieved one draw against Garry Kasparov, who was then the top-rated player in the world, before losing to Kasparov after 32 moves of the second game, thus being knocked out of the tournament.[8]
In the sixth Dubai Open Chess Championship, held 18–28 April 2004, Carlsen obtained his third Grandmaster norm (enough for getting the GM title), after getting four wins and four draws before the last game was to be played. As a result of this, he was at the time the world's youngest Grandmaster and the second youngest person ever to hold GM status, after Sergey Karjakin of Ukraine who attained the feat at 12 years and 7 months of age in 2002.[9]
Carlsen was the youngest player ever to participate in the FIDE World Chess Championship 2004, but was knocked out in the first round on tie breaks by Levon Aronian.
In July 2004, Carlsen and Berge Østenstad (then the reigning Norwegian champion) tied for first in the Norwegian Chess Championship, each scoring seven out of nine possible points. A two-game match between them was arranged to decide the title. Both games were drawn, which left Østenstad the champion because he had superior tiebreaks in the tournament.
In Smartfish Chess Masters at the Drammen chess festival 2004–05 (Norway) Carlsen defeated Alexei Shirov, ranked number 10[10] in the world.[11] In June 2005 in the Ciudad de Leon rapid chess tournament, Carlsen played a four-game semi-final against Viswanathan Anand, who was ranked second in the world at the time. Magnus lost 3–1. Carlsen was invited to the tournament as the most promising young chess player in 2005.
In the 2005 Norwegian Chess Championship, Carlsen again finished in a shared first place, this time with his mentor Simen Agdestein. A playoff between them was arranged between 7 November and 10 November. This time Carlsen had the better tiebreaks, but the rule giving the player with better tiebreaks scores the title in the event of a 1–1 draw had been revoked previously. The match was closely fought, Agdestein won the first game, Carlsen won the second, so the match went into a phase of two and two rapid games until there was a winner. Carlsen won the first rapid game, Agdestein the second. Then followed a series of three draws until Agdestein won the championship title with a victory in the sixth rapid game.
At the end of 2005 Carlsen participated at the World Chess Cup 2005 in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia. In the knock-out tournament, he upset the 44th-ranked Georgian Zurab Azmaiparashvili in round one, winning 2–0 at rapid chess after a 1–1 tie in the normal length games, and proceeded to beat Tajik Farrukh Amonatov and Bulgarian Ivan Cheparinov (also after rapid chess) to reach the round of 16. There he lost 1½–2½ to Evgeny Bareev, which prevented him from finishing in the top eight. He then won against Joël Lautier 1½–½ and Vladimir Malakhov 3½–2½ securing him at least a tenth place and therefore a spot in the Candidate Matches. Carlsen became the youngest player to be an official World Championship Candidate.
In October 2005 he took first place at the Arnold Eikrem Memorial in Gausdal with eight out of nine points and a performance rating of 2792 at the age of 14.[12]
In the January 2006 fide list, at the age of 15 years and 31 days, he officially attained 2625 elo rating, which made Carlsen the youngest person to break the 2600 elo barrier. In 2008, Wesley So broke that record. Carlsen qualified for a place in the Corus B group from his 2005 first place in Corus group C. His shared first with Motylev with 9/13 (+6 -1 =6) qualified him to play in the Corus A group in 2007.
In the 2006 Norwegian Chess Championship, Carlsen was close to winning outright, but a last-round loss to Berge Østenstad again tied him for first place with Agdestein. The last-round loss deprived Magnus of beating Agdestein's record of becoming the youngest Norwegian champion ever. Nonetheless, in the play-off 19–21 November Carlsen won 3–1. After two draws in the initial full time games, Magnus won both rapid games in round two, securing his first Norwegian championship.
Magnus won the 2006 Glitnir Blitz Tournament[13] in Iceland. He won 2–0 over Viswanathan Anand (2003 FIDE World Rapid Chess Champion, 2004 Amber Rapid Chess Champion, 2007 FIDE Classical World Champion) in the semi finals. Carlsen also won 2–0 in the finals.[14]
Magnus scored 6/8 in the 37th Chess Olympiad in 2006 against opponents averaging 2627 Elo, gaining 18 Elo (a rating performance of 2820 points). One of his notable wins was against top English grandmaster Michael Adams.[15]
In the Midnight Sun Chess Tournament, Carlsen had some misses and came in second, beaten by Sergei Shipov (FIDE-Elo: 2576).
In the 2006 Biel grandmaster tournament, he achieved second place, after having beaten the eventual winner Alexander Morozevich twice (once with each color).
In the NH Chess Tournament held in Amsterdam in August 2006, Carlsen participated in an 'Experience' v 'Rising Stars' Scheveningen team match. The 'Rising Stars' won the match 22–28, with Carlsen achieving the best individual score for the youngsters, 6½/10 and a 2700 Elo performance, thus winning the right to participate in the 2007 Melody Amber tournament.[16]
In the World Blitz Championship at Rishon LeZion, Israel in September 2006, he was number 8 of 16 participants with 7½/15 points.
In the rapid chess tournament Rencontres nationales et internationales d'échecs in Cap d'Agde, France he got to the semifinal, losing to Sergey Karjakin.
Carlsen achieved a shared eighth place of 10 participants in the Mikhail Tal Memorial in Moscow with two losses and seven draws. In the associated blitz tournament Tal Blitz Cup he received 17½/34 points and ninth place in a group of 18 participants.
In the 2007 Corus chess tournament Carlsen, playing in group A for the first time, had to settle for the last place after nine draws and four losses, scoring 4½ points in 13 rounds.
In the prestigious Linares chess tournament Carlsen met the following top-rated players: Veselin Topalov, Viswanathan Anand, Peter Svidler, Alexander Morozevich, Levon Aronian, Peter Leko, and Vassily Ivanchuk (replacing Teimour Radjabov). With the significantly lowest Elo rating, he achieved a second place (on tiebreaks) with 7½ points after four wins, seven draws and three losses, and an Elo performance of 2778.
In March 2007, Carlsen played for the first time in the Melody Amber blind and rapid chess tournament in Monte Carlo. In the 11 rounds he achieved eight draws and three losses in the blindfold, and three wins, seven draws and one loss in the rapid part. This resulted in a shared ninth place in the blindfold, shared second place in the rapid (beaten only by Anand), and an eighth place in the overall tournament.
In May–June 2007, he participated in the Candidates Tournament for the FIDE World Chess Championship 2007. He was paired with the top seed Levon Aronian. The six-game match was drawn (two wins, two draws, and two losses), with Carlsen coming from behind twice. The four-game rapid playoff was drawn as well (one win, two draws, and one loss), with Carlsen winning the last game to stay in the match. Finally, Aronian won both tiebreaker (blitz) games, to eliminate Carlsen from the Championship.
In the July 2007 FIDE list, at the age of 16 years and 7 months, he officially attained 2710 Elo rating, which made Carlsen the youngest person to break the 2700 Elo barrier. As of January 2011, this record has not been broken.
In July–August 2007, he won the International Chess Festival Biel Grandmaster Tournament 2007, with a +2 record (an Elo performance of 2753). His score was equalled by Alexander Onischuk and by the tie-breaker rule of the tournament, they played a tie-breaker match to determine the winner. After drawing two rapid and two blitz games, Carlsen won the armageddon game. He became the youngest person ever to win a category 18 tournament.
Immediately after the Biel tournament, Carlsen entered the open Arctic Chess Challenge in Tromsø, but his +5=4 and fourth place result was somewhat disappointing. In the first round, Carlsen surprisingly conceded a draw to his classmate Brede Hagen (rated 2034)[17] after having a lost position at one point.[18] A game which attracted some attention was his sixth round win over his own father, Henrik Carlsen.[19]
In December 2007, he reached the semi-final round of the World Chess Cup 2007, after defeating Michael Adams in the round of 16, and Ivan Cheparinov in the quarter-finals. In the semi-final, he was eliminated by the eventual winner Gata Kamsky, ½:1½.
Playing for the second time in the top group A of the Corus chess tournament, Carlsen showed a big improvement over his 2007 performance. His final score was eight points in 13 rounds, an Elo performance of 2830. Carlsen scored five wins (including as Black against former World Champion Vladimir Kramnik), two losses and six draws. He shared first place with Levon Aronian, becoming the youngest person ever to win a category 20 tournament.
At the 2008 Linares chess tournament, Carlsen had another 2800+ Elo performance, scoring eight out of fourteen (five wins, three losses and six draws). He finished in sole second place, ½ point behind the winner, world champion Viswanathan Anand.
In March 2008, Carlsen played for the second time in the Melody Amber blind and rapid chess tournament, which was held in Nice for the first time. In the 11 rounds he achieved four wins, four draws and two losses in the blindfold, and three wins, six draws and two losses in the rapid part. This resulted in a shared fifth place in the blindfold, shared third place in the rapid and a shared second place in the overall tournament.
Carlsen was one of 21 players in the six-tournament FIDE Grand Prix 2008–2009, a qualifier for the World Chess Championship 2012. In the first tournament, in Baku, Azerbaijan, in April–May 2008, he finished in a three-way tie for first place, with another 2800 Elo performance. Carlsen later withdrew from the Grand Prix cycle despite his initial success, citing "dramatic change[s] to ... regulations."[20]
Carlsen won a rapid match against Peter Leko held at Miskolc, Hungary, scoring 5:3 (two wins, six draws).[21]
In June, Carlsen won an annual Aerosvit event.[22] In his strongest tournament performance at that point in his career, he finished undefeated with eight out of eleven (five wins, six draws) in a category 19 field. His Elo performance was 2878.
Playing in a category 18 Biel tournament, Carlsen finished third with six points out of ten (three wins, one loss, six draws), with Elo performance of 2741, his first sub-2800 performance of 2008.
In the Mainz World Rapid Chess Championship, Carlsen finished in second place after losing the final to defending champion Anand 3:1 (two losses, two draws).[23] To reach the final Magnus played against Judit Polgár scoring 1½ point out of two (one win, one draw), against Anand scoring one point out of two (two draws) and against Morozevich scoring one point out of two (two draws).
In the category 21 Bilbao Masters, Carlsen finished second with a 2768 performance rating (three wins, three losses, four draws).
Playing in Group A of the Corus chess tournament, Carlsen tied for fifth with a 2739 performance (two wins, one loss, ten draws).[24]
In the Linares chess tournament, Carlsen finished third with a 2777 performance (three wins, two losses, nine draws). In this tournament, he defeated World Champion Viswanathan Anand[25] and the eventual winner Alexander Grischuk[26] for the first time under classical time controls.
Carlsen tied for second place with Veselin Topalov at the M-Tel Masters (category 21) tournament in Sofia, Bulgaria. He lost to eventual winner Alexei Shirov in their final game, dropping him from first.[27]
Carlsen won the category 21 Nanjing Pearl Spring tournament, 2½ points ahead of second-place finisher Topalov, the world's highest-rated player at the time.[28] He scored 8/10 (six wins, four draws, no losses), winning every game as White (against Topalov, Wang Yue, Leko, Radjabov, and Jakovenko), and also winning as Black against Jakovenko. By rating performance, this was one of the greatest results in history, with a performance rating of 3002.[29] This lifted his FIDE rating to 2801, making him the 5th and youngest player to ever surpass 2800.
In the Tal Memorial 2009, played from 5 November to 14 November, Carlsen started with seven straight draws, but finished with wins over Ruslan Ponomariov and Peter Leko. This result put Carlsen in shared second place behind Kramnik and equal with Ivanchuk.[30][31]
After the Tal Memorial, Carlsen won the 2009 World Blitz Championship, played from 16 November to 18 November in Moscow, Russia. His score of 28 wins, 6 draws and 8 losses left him three points ahead of Anand, who finished in second place.[32]
Carlsen entered the 2009 London Chess Classic as the top seed in a field including Kramnik, Hikaru Nakamura, Michael Adams, Nigel Short, Ni Hua, Luke McShane and David Howell. He defeated Kramnik in round one and went on to win the tournament with 13/21 (three points were awarded for a win, and one for a draw; using classical scoring he finished with 5/7) and a performance rating of 2844, one point ahead of Kramnik. This victory has propelled him to the top of the FIDE rating list, surpassing Veselin Topalov.
Carlsen's average rating from the July 2009 and January 2010 FIDE lists will enable him to qualify for the Candidates Tournament of the World Chess Championship 2012 cycle.
In early 2009 Carlsen engaged former world champion Garry Kasparov as a personal trainer.[33] In September 2009 their partnership was confirmed in Norwegian newspapers.[34][35]
In a December 2009 interview with TIME Magazine, in response to a question whether he used computers when studying chess, Carlsen revealed that he does not use a chess set when studying on his own.[36]
He won the Chess Oscar for 2009.[37] The Chess Oscar is awarded to the year's best player according to a worldwide poll of leading chess critics, writers, and journalists conducted by the Russian chess magazine 64.
Ahead of 2010, Carlsen said that he would be playing in fewer tournaments the coming year. The cooperation with Kasparov continued until March that year.[38]
Carlsen won the Corus chess tournament played 16–31 January with 8½ points (five wins, seven draws, one loss). His ninth-round loss to Kramnik ended a streak of 36 rated games undefeated.[39] Carlsen appeared to struggle in the last round against Fabiano Caruana, but saved a draw leaving him half a point ahead of Kramnik and Shirov.[40]
The March 2010 FIDE rating list showed Carlsen with a new peak rating of 2813, a figure that only Kasparov has bettered.[41] In the same month it was announced that Carlsen had split from Kasparov and would no longer be using him as a trainer,[41] although this was put into different context by Carlsen himself in an interview with the German magazine Der Spiegel stating that they would remain in contact and that he would continue to attend training sessions with Kasparov.[42]
Carlsen shared first place alongside Ivanchuk in the Amber 2010 blindfold and rapid tournament. Carlsen scored 6½ points in the blindfold and 8 points in the rapid, giving 14½ points from a possible 22 points.
In May 2010 it was revealed that Carlsen had helped Viswanathan Anand prepare for the World Chess Championship 2010 against challenger Veselin Topalov, which Anand won 6½-5½ to retain the title. Carlsen had also helped Anand prepare for the World Chess Championship 2007 and World Chess Championship 2008.[43]
In his first tournament since his announced departure from Kasparov, Carlsen played in the Bazna Kings Tournament in Romania on 14–25 June. The tournament was a double round robin event involving Wang Yue, Boris Gelfand, former FIDE world champion Ruslan Ponomariov, Teimour Radjabov, and Liviu-Dieter Nisipeanu. After drawing his first three games, Carlsen won his next four and set a personal livechess rating peak of 2825.1.[44] He finished with 7½/10 and a 2918 performance rating, winning the tournament by two points over Radjabov and Gelfand.[45][46] The victory ensured that Carlsen remained at the top of the Elo rating list. His official rating hit 2826, a figure exceeded only by Kasparov and just 25 points shy of tying Kasparov's all-time record.
Carlsen then played in a rapid tournament 28–30 August at the Arctic Securities Chess Stars tournament in Kristiansund, Norway. The field featured world champion Viswanathan Anand, female world #1 Judit Polgár, and Jon Ludvig Hammer. In the preliminary round robin, Carlsen scored 3½/6 to qualify for the final, second behind Anand.[47] In the final, Carlsen defeated Anand 1½-½ to win the championship.[48]
Following this event, Carlsen suffered setbacks in his next two tournaments. In the 39th Chess Olympiad from 19 September to 4 October, he scored 4½/8, losing three games, to Baadur Jobava, Michael Adams and Sanan Sjugirov; these were his first losses with the black pieces in more than a year.[49] His team, Norway, finished 51st out of 149 teams.[50]
Carlsen's next tournament was the Grand Slam Masters Final on 9–15 October 2010, which he had qualified for automatically by winning three of the previous year's four Grand Slam chess events (2009 Nanjing Pearl Spring, 2010 Corus, 2010 Bazna Kings). Along with Carlsen, the finals consisted of World Champion Viswanathan Anand and the highest two scorers from the preliminary stage held in Shanghai in September, which featured Vladimir Kramnik, Levon Aronian, Alexei Shirov, and Wang Hao; Shirov and Kramnik qualified.[51][52] The official September 2010 ratings of Carlsen, Anand, Kramnik and Shirov made the Grand Slam final the strongest tournament in chess history, with an average ELO of 2789. In the first round, Carlsen lost on the black side of the Queen's Indian Defense to Kramnik; this was Carlsen's second consecutive loss to Kramnik, and placed his hold on the world #1 ranking in serious jeopardy. In his second round, Carlsen lost with the white pieces to Anand in the Ruy Lopez; this was his first loss as white since January 2010, and dropped him to world #2 in the live rankings behind Anand. Carlsen recovered somewhat in the latter part of the tournament, finishing with 2½/6, including a win over Shirov; the tournament was won by Kramnik with 4/6.[53] Carlsen finished this tournament with a rating of 2802, two points behind Anand at 2804 who officially ended Carlsen's reign at world #1. These setbacks called into question from some whether Carlsen's activities outside chess, such as modelling for G-Star Raw, was distracting him from performing well at the chess board.[54] Carlsen said he did not believe there was a direct connection, and that he was looking forward to the Pearl Spring tournament, where he had scored 8/10 in 2009.[55]
Following the Grand Slam Masters Final, Carlsen's next tournament was the 2010 Pearl Spring chess tournament on 19–30 October in Nanjing, China, against Anand, world #2 Veselin Topalov, Vugar Gashimov, Wang Yue, and Étienne Bacrot.[56] This was the only tournament in 2010 to feature Anand, Carlsen and Topalov, at the time the top three players in the world, and was the first tournament in history to feature three players rated at least 2800. With early wins over Bacrot, Yue, and Topalov with white, Carlsen took the early lead, extending his winning streak with white in Nanjing to eight. This streak was halted by a draw to Anand in round seven, but in the penultimate round Carlsen secured first place by defeating Topalov with the black pieces. This was his second victory in the tournament over the former world #1, and improved his score to 6½/9.[57] The victory clinched Carlsen a place in the 2011 Grand Slam Chess Masters final, his final score of 7/10 (with a performance rating of 2903) was a full point ahead of runner-up Anand, and moved him back to world #1 on the live rankings.
Carlsen next played in the 2010 World Blitz Championship, in Moscow on 16–18 November, attempting to defend his 2009 title. With a score of 23.5/38, he finished in third place behind Teimour Radjabov and winner Levon Aronian.[58]
Carlsen won the 2010 London Chess Classic on 8–15 December in a field comprising world champion Viswanathan Anand, former world champion Vladimir Kramnik, American number one Hikaru Nakamura, and British players Michael Adams, Nigel Short, David Howell, and Luke McShane.[59] Carlsen had a rocky start, losing his Black games to McShane and Anand in rounds 1 and 3, but winning with White against Adams and Nakamura in rounds 2 and 4. He joined the lead with a Black win over Howell in round 5, and managed to stay in the lead following a harrowing draw with Black against Kramnik in round 6, before defeating Short in the last round with White. Since the tournament was played with three points for a win, Carlsen's +4=1-2 score put him ahead of Anand and McShane who scored +2=5 (a more traditional two-points-for-a-win system would have yielded a three-way tie, with Carlsen still on top having the better tiebreaker due to four games with black – Anand and McShane had to play only three times with black).
Carlsen won the Chess Oscar for 2010 by narrowly beating Viswanathan Anand.[60]
Carlsen competed in the GM-A group of the Tata Steel Chess (Corus) tournament on 14–30 January in Wijk aan Zee in an attempt to defend his title;[61] the field included world champion Viswanathan Anand, reigning world blitz champion Levon Aronian, former world champion Vladimir Kramnik, Alexander Grischuk, Hikaru Nakamura, and former FIDE world champion Ruslan Ponomariov among others. Despite losing games with White against Anish Giri and reigning Russian champion Ian Nepomniachtchi, Carlsen finished with 8.0/13, including victories over Kramnik and tournament winner Hikaru Nakamura. Although Carlsen's performance raised his rating from 2814 to 2815, Anand's 8.5/13 score elevated his rating to 2817, making him the official world #1 for the March 2011 FIDE rating list.
The first tournament victory of 2011 came in the Bazna Kings tournament, a double round-robin played in Medias on 11–21 June. Carlsen finished with 6.5 points (+3=7), equal with Sergey Karjakin but with a better tiebreak score. Carlsen won his White games against Nakamura, Nisipeanu, and Ivanchuk and drew the rest of the games.[62] This result raised Carlsen's rating by six points to 2821, and returned Carlsen to first place on the live rating list.
As of November 2011[update], Carlsen is again #1 on the official FIDE rating list with a 2826 rating.
The Grand Slam Chess Final was held as a double-round robin with six players, in São Paulo (25 September – 1 October) and Bilbao (5–11 October). Although Carlsen had a slow start, including a loss against bottom ranked Vallejo Pons, he finished +3=6-1, equal with Ivanchuk (whose +4=3-3 finish was equal due to three points for a win). Carlsen then won the blitz tiebreak against Ivanchuk. The other players were Anand, Aronian, Nakamura, and Vallejo Pons.[63]
Another tournament victory was achieved in the Tal Memorial in Moscow 16–25 November 2011 as a round robin with ten players. Carlsen won two games, against Gelfand and Nakamura, and drew the rest. He finished equal on points with Aronian, and finished ahead since the first tiebreak was the number of Black games; Carlsen had five Black games while Aronian only had four.[64]
In the London Chess Classic, played 3–12 December, Carlsen's streak of tournament victories ended when he finished third, behind Kramnik and Nakamura. Carlsen won three games and drew five. Although he did not win the tournament, Carlsen continued to gain rating points, and rose to a new personal record of 2835.[65]
At the Tata Steel Chess Tournament held January 14–29, Carlsen finished in a shared second place with 8 points out of 13 (four wins, eight draws, one loss), behind Aronian, and equal with Radjabov and Caruana. Carlsen defeated Gashimov, Aronian, Gelfand, and Topalov, but lost against Karjakin. His score was approximately on par with rating expectations with an overall loss of one point, but he remained in first place on the live rating list.[66]
As a teenager, Carlsen became known for his attacking playing style. His win over Sipke Ernst in the 2004 Wijk aan Zee C-group[67] which ended with an epaulette mate was an example of the play that was admired by several other chess players. As he matured, Carlsen found that this risky playing style was not as well suited against the world elite. Around 2005 Carlsen was struggling against more experienced grandmasters, and had trouble getting much out of the opening. To progress, Carlsen became a more universal player, capable of handling all sorts of positions well. In the opening, Carlsen has alternated between various opening moves. Instead of specializing in either 1.d4 or 1.e4, Carlsen has alternated between them, thus making it harder for opponents to prepare against him.[68]
Since the announcement that he was coaching Carlsen, Garry Kasparov has repeatedly stated that Carlsen has a positional style similar to that of past world champions such as Anatoly Karpov, José Capablanca and Vassily Smyslov, rather than the tactical style of Alexander Alekhine, Mikhail Tal and himself.[69]
In the October 2006 FIDE Elo ratings, Carlsen advanced to world number 22 with a rating of 2698.[70] In the January 2007 ratings he dropped to 2690 and rank 24.[71] In the July 2007 ratings, after a series of strong results, Carlsen advanced to become world number 17 with a rating of 2710.[72] On the January 2008 FIDE rating list he was rated at 2733,[73] and on October 2008 he reached 2786 Elo rating.[74] He was placed sixth in the July 2008 list, but if his Aerosvit result had been included he would have been ranked second. The omission of the Aerosvit result, which finished after the cut-off date for the July 2008 list, caused some controversy.[75]
On 5 September 2008, after winning round 4 in the Bilbao Grand Slam chess championship, Carlsen, still under 18, briefly became number one on the unofficial live ratings list.[76][77]
Carlsen's September–October 2009 victory in the Nanjing Pearl tournament raised his official rating to 2801, making him at age 18 the youngest player ever to break 2800.[78] The youngest before him was Vladimir Kramnik at age 25.[79] Besides Carlsen, only Kasparov, Topalov, Kramnik, and Anand had achieved a 2800 rating (Levon Aronian later accomplished the feat in October 2010). Carlsen said that he hoped his victory would mark the "beginning of a new era."[80]
After the Tal Memorial (November 2009) he became number one in the unofficial live chess rating list with his new peak rating of 2805.7, 0.6 point over the number 2, Veselin Topalov.[81]
The official FIDE rankings were published on 1 January 2010, and the 16 games played at the Tal Memorial and the London Chess Classic were enough to raise his rating by 8.6 rating points to 2810.[82] This meant that Carlsen started 2010 by being the official (and, at the age of &1000000000000001900000019 years, &1000000000000003200000032 days, the youngest ever) world number one, and also the first player from a western nation to reach the top in the FIDE rating list since Bobby Fischer in 1972.[83][84] The press coverage of this feat included an interview and article in Time magazine.[85][86]
Magnus Carlsen Elo rating evolution from 2001 to 2010.
| Rating list |
Rating |
Games |
Change |
World ranking |
Age |
| January 2006 |
2625 |
40 |
+55 |
89 |
15 years, 01 month |
| April 2006 |
2646 |
13 |
+21 |
63 |
15 years, 04 months |
| July 2006 |
2675 |
27 |
+29 |
31 |
15 years, 07 months |
| October 2006 |
2698 |
46 |
+23 |
21 |
15 years, 10 months |
| January 2007 |
2690 |
11 |
−8 |
24 |
16 years, 01 month |
| April 2007 |
2693 |
27 |
+3 |
22 |
16 years, 04 months |
| July 2007 |
2710 |
19 |
+17 |
17 |
16 years, 07 months |
| October 2007 |
2714 |
25 |
+4 |
16 |
16 years, 10 months |
| January 2008 |
2733 |
37 |
+19 |
13 |
17 years, 01 month |
| April 2008 |
2765 |
27 |
+32 |
5 |
17 years, 04 months |
| July 2008 |
2775 |
16 |
+10 |
6 |
17 years, 07 months |
| October 2008 |
2786 |
31 |
+11 |
4 |
17 years, 10 months |
| January 2009 |
2776 |
17 |
−10 |
4 |
18 years, 01 month |
| April 2009 |
2770 |
27 |
−6 |
3 |
18 years, 04 months |
| July 2009 |
2772 |
12 |
+2 |
3 |
18 years, 07 months |
| September 2009 |
2772 |
10 |
0 |
4 |
18 years, 09 months |
| November 2009 |
2801 |
10 |
+29 |
2 |
18 years, 11 months |
| January 2010 |
2810 |
16 |
+9 |
1 |
19 years, 01 month |
| March 2010 |
2813 |
13 |
+3 |
1 |
19 years, 03 months |
| May 2010 |
2813 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
19 years, 05 months |
| July 2010 |
2826 |
10 |
+13 |
1 |
19 years, 07 months |
| September 2010 |
2826 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
19 years, 09 months |
| November 2010 |
2802 |
14 |
−24 |
2 |
19 years, 11 months |
| January 2011 |
2814 |
17 |
+12 |
1 |
20 years, 01 month |
| March 2011 |
2815 |
13 |
+1 |
2 |
20 years, 03 months |
| May 2011 |
2815 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
20 years, 05 months |
| July 2011 |
2821 |
10 |
+6 |
1 |
20 years, 07 months |
| September 2011 |
2823 |
10 |
+2 |
1 |
20 years, 09 months |
| November 2011 |
2826 |
10 |
+3 |
1 |
20 years, 11 months |
| January 2012 |
2835 |
17 |
+9 |
1 |
21 years, 01 month |
| March 2012 |
2835 |
13 |
0 |
1 |
21 years, 03 months |
Magnus Carlsen modeled for G-Star Raw's Autumn/Winter 2010 advertising campaign.[88]
- ^ "Medias R10: Magnus Carlsen wins with two-point lead". ChessBase. 25 June 2010. http://chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=6457. Retrieved 20 October 2010.
- ^ It's official: Magnus Carlsen is number one!, Chessbase, accessed 2 January 2010
- ^ "Chess News - Facts and figures: Magnus Carlsen's performance in Nanjing". ChessBase.com. http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=5828. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ Magnus Carlsen drops out of World Championship cycle, Chessbase, 5 November 2010
- ^ Corus Chess 2004: Crosstable of grandmaster group C. Retrieved 23 November 2009.
- ^ Corus Chess 2004: Report of round 12 – CCT 2004: Hiccup for Anand – Carlsen Supreme. Retrieved 23 November 2009.
- ^ "The Mozart of Chess". chessbase.com. 27 January 2004. http://chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=1447. Retrieved 13 November 2009.
- ^ "Boy meets Beast in Reykjavik", ChessBase New, 19 March 2004. Retrieved 23 November 2009.
- ^ "Magnificent Magnus, the world's youngest grandmaster", ChessBase News, 30 April 2004. Retrieved 23 November 2009.
- ^ FIDE: Top 100 Players October 2004 – Archive. Retrieved 23 November 2009.
- ^ "Smartfish sensation: Carlsen defeats Shirov", ChessBase News, 4 January 2005. Retrieved 23 November 2009.
- ^ Tarjei J. Svensen: "14-year-old Carlsen with 2792 performance", ChessBase News, 20 October 2005. Retrieved 23 November 2009.
- ^ Nafn. "Skáksamband Íslands – Glitnir blitz 2006". Skaksamband.is. http://skaksamband.is/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=7&Itemid=32. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
- ^ Nafn. "Skáksamband Íslands – Results". Skaksamband.is. http://skaksamband.is/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=23&Itemid=33. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
- ^ "Schachserver der Wiener Zeitung (Austria)". Schach.wienerzeitung.at. http://schach.wienerzeitung.at/tnr3410.aspx?art=23&lan=1&flag=30&snr=24. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
- ^ "The NH Chess Tournament". Nhchess.quinsy.net. http://nhchess.quinsy.net/. Retrieved 3 January 20103.
- ^ "Second Arctic Chess Challenge in Tromsø". Chessbase news. 7 August 2007. http://www.pocketfritz.de/newsdetail.asp?newsid=4035. Retrieved 10 October 2009.
- ^ "Brede Hagen vs Magnus Carlsen". Chessgames.com. http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1469361. Retrieved 10 October 2009.
- ^ "Carlsen vs Carlsen – Magnus beats his dad". ChessBase News. 10 August 2007. http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=4039. Retrieved 10 October 2009.
- ^ "Chess News – Magnus Carlsen withdraws from Grand Prix". ChessBase.com. http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=5053. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
- ^ Gyimesi, Zoltán (3 June 2008). "Miskolc: Carlsen wins the rapid chess match 5:3". ChessBase News. http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=4672. Retrieved 3 June 2008
- ^ "Aerosvit-2008 official site". Ukrchess.org.ua. 2008-06-20. http://www.ukrchess.org.ua/aerosvit2008/index_e.htm. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ Chessvine Article, "Vishy Anand and Magnus Carlsen"
- ^ Sergey Karjakin wins Wijk aan Zee 2009, Chessbase, accessed 2 January 2010
- ^ "R6: Carlsen defeats Anand, Grischuk leads". ChessBase News, 26 February 2009. Retrieved 19 November 2009.
- ^ "Linares R12: Carlsen defeats Grischuk, lead narrows". ChessBase News, 6 March 2009. Retrieved 19 November 2009.
- ^ Dylan Loeb McClain: "Highly Ranked Youth Loses Tactical Battle to an Old Pro", 'New York Times', 30 May 2009. Retrieved 19 November 2009.
- ^ Lubomir Kavalek, CHESS, Washington Post, 12 October 2009. Retrieved on 12 October 2009.
- ^ Nanjing: Carlsen wins Pearl Spring with 3002 performance, Chessbase, 10 October 2009
- ^ Dylan Loeb McClain: "Kramnik Wins Tal Memorial, Carlsen Claims No. 1 Ranking", New York Times Chess Blog, 15 November 2009. Retrieved 24 November 2009.
- ^ Dylan Loeb McClain: "Norwegian, 18, Is Youngest to Be Ranked No. 1 at Chess", New York Times, 14 November 2009. Retrieved 24 November 2009.
- ^ "World Blitz Championship – Tournament table". russiachess.com. http://tal.russiachess.org/results/2009/blitz/tournament_table_acc_places.html. Retrieved 18 November 2009.
- ^ Peter Doggers: "Magnus Carlsen: "My job is to improve my chess"", ChessVibes, 7 September 2009
- ^ Macauley Peterson: "Carlsen, Kasparov Team Up", The Internet Chess Club, 7 September 2009.
- ^ "Breaking news: Carlsen and Kasparov join forces", ChessBase News, 7 September 2009; translated from the Norwegian newspaper VG Nett. Retrieved 24 November 2009.
- ^ Harrell, Eben (25 December 2009). "Magnus Carlsen: The 19-Year-Old King of Chess". Time. http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1948809,00.html.
- ^ "Arctic Securities ASA - Magnus Carlsen - Blog". Arcticsec.no. http://www.arcticsec.no/index.php?button=blog. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ "Ny strategi for verdensener Carlsen neste år" (in Norwegian). Verdens Gang/NTB. 29 December 2009. http://www.vg.no/sport/artikkel.php?artid=597375. Retrieved 31 January 2010.
- ^ Valaker, Ole (26 January 2010). "Så tapte Magnus" (in Norwegian). Nettavisen. http://www.nettavisen.no/sjakk/article2812643.ece. Retrieved 31 January 2010.
- ^ Valaker, Ole (31 January 2010). "Magnus vant thrillerfinale" (in Norwegian). Nettavisen. http://www.nettavisen.no/sjakk/article2817756.ece. Retrieved 31 January 2010.
- ^ a b Barden, Leonard (13 March 2010). "World No1 Magnus Carlsen parts company with mentor Garry Kasparov". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2010/mar/13/chess-magnus-carlsen-garry-kasparov. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
- ^ "Magnus Carlsen on his chess career", ChessBase News, 15 March 2010.
- ^ "Chess News – Anand in Playchess – the helpers in Sofia". Chessbase. 19 May 2010. http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=6346. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
- ^ "Magnus Carlsen live chess rating history". Chess.liverating.org. http://chess.liverating.org/toplist.php?pid=1503014&compact=1. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ Results
- ^ Mark Crowther - Friday 25th June 2010 (2010-06-25). "2010 Bazna Kings Tournament". Chess.co.uk. http://www.chess.co.uk/twic/chessnews/events/4th-kings-tournament-2010. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ "Arctic Securities Rapid: Carlsen gets 'hammered', reaches final". Chessbase.com. 29 August 2010. http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=6641. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
- ^ "Carlsen beats Anand, wins Arctic Securities Rapid". Chessbase.com. 31 August 2010. http://chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=6644. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
- ^ "Team-Composition for federation NOR – Open". chess-results.com. http://www.chess-results.com/tnr36795.aspx?art=20&fed=NOR&lan=1&flag=30&m=-1&wi=1000. Retrieved 29 October 2010.
- ^ "Standings | World Chess Olympiad 2010 Khanty-Mansiysk | Всемирная Шахматная Олимпиада Ханты-Мансийск". Ugra-chess.com. http://ugra-chess.com/standings.php. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ "Final Chess Masters 2010 in Shanghai and Bilbao". Chessbase.com. http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=6567. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ Mark Crowther - Wednesday 8th September 2010 (2010-09-08). "Shanghai Masters 2010". Chess.co.uk. http://www.chess.co.uk/twic/chessnews/events/shanghai-masters-2010. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ Valaker, Ole (15 October 2010). "Magnus endte på 3. plass" (in Norwegian). Nettavisen. http://www.nettavisen.no/sjakk/article3006142.ece. Retrieved 29 October 2010.
- ^ Brenne, Øyvind (11 October 2010). "Bekymret for Sjakk-Carlsen etter "ikke-sportslig styr"" (in Norwegian). Verdens Gang. http://www.vg.no/sport/artikkel.php?artid=10025454. Retrieved 29 October 2010.
- ^ Carlsen, Magnus. "Magnus Carlsen`s Blog". http://www.arcticsec.no/index.php?blog_id=102&button=blog&main_image=35. Retrieved 29 October 2010.
- ^ "Nanjing Super Chess Tournament 2010 (updated)". Previews.chessdom.com. 2010-10-30. http://previews.chessdom.com/2010/nanjing-chess-2010. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ Doggers, Peter (29 October 2010). "Carlsen wins Pearl Spring 2010". ChessVibes. http://www.chessvibes.com/reports/carlsen-wins-pearl-spring-2010/. Retrieved 29 October 2010.
- ^ 2010 World Blitz Chess Championship - Final Standings[dead link]
- ^ John Saunders - Saturday 5th June 2010 (2010-06-05). "Anand and Carlsen to star in London Chess Classic 2010". Chess.co.uk. http://www.chess.co.uk/twic/chessnews/events/london-chess-classic-2010/anand-and-carlsen-to-star-in-london-chess-classic-2010. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ "And the 2010 Chess Oscar goes... to Magnus Carlsen". ChessVibes. http://www.chessvibes.com/reports/and-the-2010-chess-oscar-goes-to-magnus-carlsen/. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ "Schedule – Tata Steel Chess (2011)". Tata Steel Chess Tournamente. http://www.tatasteelchess.com/tournament/schedule/group/1. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
- ^ "Media Kings Rd10: Carlsen-Karjakin draw, Carlsen wins Medias 2011". ChessBase. 21 June 2011. http://chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=7309. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
- ^ Bilbao Masters – Carlsen takes first after blitz tiebreak ChessBase 12 October 2011
- ^ Carlsen catches Aronian in last round, wins Tal Memorial on tiebreak ChessVibes, 25 November 2011
- ^ "Sjakk-Carlsen har aldri vært bedre" (in Norwegian). Verdens Gang. 12 December 2011. http://www.vg.no/sport/artikkel.php?artid=10040819. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
- ^ "Wijk aan Zee Rd13: Aronian is sole winner!". ChessBase. 29 January 2012.
- ^ "Magnus Carlsen vs Spike Ernst". Chessgames.com. http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1272702. Retrieved 29 November 2010.
- ^ Grønn, Atle (27 February 2009). "Magnus Carlsens system" (in Norwegian). Dagsavisen. http://www.dagsavisen.no/kultur/article401031.ece. Retrieved 29 November 2010.
- ^ Kasparov on coaching Carlsen, Chessvibes, 11 September 2009
- ^ FIDE: Top 100 Players October 2006 – Archive. Retrieved 19 November 2009.
- ^ FIDE: Top 100 Players January 2007 – Archive. Retrieved 19 November 2009.
- ^ FIDE: Top 100 Players July 2007 – Archive. Retrieved 19 November 2009.
- ^ FIDE: Top 100 Players January 2008 – Archive. Retrieved 19 November 2009.
- ^ FIDE: Top 100 Players October 2008 – Archive. Retrieved 19 November 2009.
- ^ Anand tops 1 July 2008 FIDE ratings, Carlsen sixth, Chessbase, 30 June 2008
- ^ Bilbao R4: Topalov topples Anand, Carlsen #1 in the world, Chessbase, 5 September 2008
- ^ Name (2011-08-17). "Live Rating on 5 Sep 2008". Chess.liverating.org. http://chess.liverating.org/toplist.php?id=2008090501#. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ Magnus "The Red Dragon" dominates Nanjing.
- ^ "Dad Carlsen – This has been a dream". Translate.google.com. http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=no&u=http://www.vg.no/sport/artikkel.php%3Fartid%3D574885&ei=OeP-SsLdNIWXtgeoy-WRDg&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CAsQ7gEwAQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dhttp://www.vg.no/sport/artikkel.php%253Fartid%253D574885%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26hs%3DAs1. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ Holden, Lillian (9 October 2009). "Magnus: – Håper dette er starten på en ny æra" (in Norwegian). Verdens Gang. http://www.vg.no/sport/artikkel.php?artid=574885. Retrieved 9 October 2009.
- ^ "Kramnik wins Tal Memorial 2009, Carlsen number one", ChessBase News, 14 November 2009. Retrieved 19 November 2009.
- ^ Magnus Carlsen: Individual Calculations January 2010, FIDE, accessed 2 January 2010
- ^ Norwegian Carlsen is youngest to top chess rankings, AFP, accessed 2 January 2010
- ^ Norwegian teenager to be crowned new chess king, Reuters, accessed 2 January 2010
- ^ Magnus Carlsen: The 19-Year-Old King of Chess, TIME (25 December 2009), Ebden Harell, accessed 2 January 2010
- ^ A Bold Opening for Chess Player Magnus Carlsen, TIME (11 January 2010), Ebden Harell, accessed 2 January 2010
- ^ The Prince of Chess (2005)
- ^ "Magnus Carlsen's new career: fashion model!", ChessBase News, 7 July 2010.
- Mega Magnus in Wijk aan Zee, ChessBase, 27 January 2004
- World's youngest grandmaster, Aftenposten, 26 April 2004
- Magnificent Magnus, the world's youngest grandmaster, ChessBase, 30 April 2004 – extensive interview
- Carlsen and Kasparov in a chat show, YouTube, 18 September 2009 - very impressive how Kasparov is recalling his first encounter with Carlsen in Reykjavik 2004, being on the verge of defeat in game 1, feeling gruesome in hindsight
- Magnus Carlsen: The 19-Year-Old King of Chess, Time.com, 29 September 2009 – interview
- A Bold Opening for Chess Player Magnus Carlsen, Time.com, 11 January 2010
- Magnus Carlsen on his chess career, ChessBase, 15 March 2010 – English translation of Spiegel interview
- The Prince's Gambit—A chess star emerges for the post-computer age (abstract), by D.T. Max, The New Yorker, 21 March 2011
- "The Mozart of Chess", "60 Minutes" segment
| Persondata |
| Name |
Carlsen, Magnus |
| Alternative names |
|
| Short description |
|
| Date of birth |
30 November 1990 |
| Place of birth |
Tønsberg, Norway |
| Date of death |
|
| Place of death |
|
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