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Afghanistan
Afghanistan
i/æfˈɡænɨstæn/ (Persian/Pashto: افغانستان, Afġānistān), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming part of South Asia, Central Asia, and Greater Middle East, it is also considered to be part of a broader West Asia. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of 647,500 km2 (250,001 sq mi), making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and the east, Iran in the west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the north, and China in the far northeast.
Afghanistan has been an ancient focal point of the Silk Road and human migration. Archaeologists have found evidence of human habitation from as far back as 50,000 BC. Urban civilization may have begun in the area as early as 3,000 to 2,000 BC. Sitting at an important geostrategic location that connects the Middle East with Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent, the land has been home to various peoples through the ages and witnessed many military campaigns, notably by Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan, and in modern era Western forces. The land also served as a source from which the Greco-Bactrians, Kushans, Saffarids, Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Timurids, Mughals and many others have risen to form major empires.
wn.com/Afghanistan -
Algeria
Coordinates: 28°N 2°E / 28°N 2°E / 28; 2
Algeriai/ælˈdʒɪəriə/ (Arabic: الجزائر, al-Jazā'ir; Berber: ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية, al-Jumhūriyyah al-Jazāʾiriyyah ad-Dīmuqrāṭiyyah ash-Shaʿbiyyah), also formally referred to as the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria, is a large country in the Maghreb region of Northwest Africa with Algiers as its capital.
When referring to its land area, Algeria is the largest country in Africa, Maghreb and the Arab World. It is also the largest of the countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea; it is also the tenth-largest country in the world. The country is bordered in the northeast by Tunisia, in the east by Libya, in the west by Morocco, in the southwest by Western Sahara, Mauritania, and Mali, in the southeast by Niger, and in the north by the Mediterranean Sea. Its size is almost 2,400,000 square kilometres (926,645 sq mi) with an estimated population of 37.1 million as of 2012. Algeria is a member of the African Union, the Arab League, OPEC and the United Nations. The country is also a founding member of the Arab Maghreb Union.
wn.com/Algeria -
Atlanta, Georgia
Atlanta (
/ətˈlæntə/, stressed /ætˈlæntə/, locally /ætˈlænə/) is the capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia with a 2010 population of 420,003. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, which is home to 5,268,860 people and is the ninth largest in the U.S. It is a major component of a growing southeastern megalopolis known as the Piedmont Atlantic Megaregion. Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County, and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County.
Atlanta began as a settlement located at the terminus of a railroad line, and it was incorporated in 1845. Today, the city is a major business city and the primary transportation hub of the Southeastern United States (via highway, railroad, and air), with Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world's busiest airport since 1998. The World Cities Study Group at Loughborough University rated Atlanta as an "alpha(-) world city." With a gross domestic product of US$270 billion, Atlanta's economy ranks 15th among world cities and sixth in the nation. The city is a center for services, finance, information technology, government, and higher education. Metro Atlanta contains the country's third largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies, and is the world headquarters of The Coca-Cola Company, Turner Broadcasting, The Home Depot, AT&T Mobility, UPS, and Delta Air Lines. As of 2010, Atlanta is the seventh most visited city in the United States, with over 35 million visitors per year.
wn.com/Atlanta,_Georgia -
Baghdad
Baghdad (Arabic: بغداد, Baġdād, IPA: [bæɣˈdæːd]) is the capital of Republic of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Province. The population of Baghdad as of 2011 is approximately 7,216,040, making it the largest city in Iraq, the second largest city in the Arab World (after Cairo, Egypt), and the second largest city in Western Asia (after Tehran, Iran).
Located along the Tigris River, the city was founded in the 8th century and became the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. Within a short time of its inception, Baghdad evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual center for the Islamic World. This in addition to housing several key academic institutions (e.g. House of Wisdom) garnered the city a worldwide reputation as the "Center of Learning". Throughout the High Middle Ages, Baghdad was considered to be the largest city in the world with an estimated population of 1,200,000 people. The city was largely destroyed at the hands of the Mongol Empire in 1258, resulting in a decline that would linger through many centuries due to frequent plagues and multiple successive empires. With the recognition of Iraq as an independent state (formerly the British Mandate of Mesopotamia) in 1938, Baghdad gradually regained some of its former prominence as a significant center of Arabic culture.
wn.com/Baghdad -
Bissau
Bissau is the capital city of Guinea-Bissau. The city's borders are conterminous with the Bissau Autonomous Sector. In 2007, the city had an estimated population of 407,424 according to the Instituto Nacional de Estatística e Censos. The city which is located on the Geba River estuary, off the Atlantic Ocean, is the country's largest city, major port, administrative and military centre.
The city was founded in 1687 by Portugal as a fortified port and trading center. In 1942 it became the capital of Portuguese Guinea. After the declaration of independence by the anti-colonial guerrillas of PAIGC, in 1973, the capital of the de facto independent territories was declared to be Madina do Boe, but Bissau remained as the capital of the Portuguese-occupied regions, and the de jure capital of the entire Portuguese Guinea. When Portugal recognized the independence of Guinea-Bissau and pulled out in 1974 due to the military coup of April 25 in Lisbon, the two territories merged and Bissau became the capital of the new independent state. The city is known for its annual carnival.
wn.com/Bissau -
Cambodia
Cambodia (i/kæmˈboʊdiə/;Khmer: ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា, Kampuchea, IPA: [kɑmˈpuˈciə]), officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With a total landmass of 181,035 square kilometres (69,898 sq mi), it is bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east, and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest.
With a population of over 14.8 million, Cambodia is the 68th most populous country in the world. The official religion is Theravada Buddhism, which is practiced by around 95% of the Cambodian population. The country minority groups include Vietnamese, Chinese, Chams and 30 various hill tribes. The capital and largest city is Phnom Penh; the political, economic, and cultural center of Cambodia. The kingdom is a constitutional monarchy with Norodom Sihamoni, a monarch chosen by the Royal Throne Council, as head of state. The head of government is Hun Sen, who is currently the longest serving leader in South East Asia and has ruled Cambodia for over 25 years.
wn.com/Cambodia -
Chek Lap Kok
Chek Lap Kok was an island in the western waters of Hong Kong. Together with the smaller Lam Chau, it was leveled and merged via land reclamation into the 12.48 km2 platform for the current Hong Kong International Airport, which opened for commercial operations in 1998. The airport is therefore popularly referred to as Chek Lap Kok Airport.
Hong Kong SkyCity, a business and entertainment complex, is also located on Chek Lap Kok. It includes AsiaWorld-Expo, a convention and exhibition centre, which opened in 2005. Cathay Pacific City, the head office of Cathay Pacific, and the head offices of Dragonair and Hong Kong Airlines are also located on the airport platform.
The name of the island may be derived from the bareness of the island ('da chek lak'), that the shape of the island resembles the red tripletail perch ('chek lap', 赤鱲), or that the fish was once abundant in its vicinity.
The island is located north of Lantau Island off Ma Wan Chung and Tung Chung. Before the building of the airport platform, it was a small and hilly island, about 4 km long, with an area of 3.02 km² (other sources mention 2.8 km2). The southern end of the island formed a small peninsula, which has been left largely undeveloped. This area is facing Tung Chung and is now named "Scenic Hill". It is the site of the Ancient Kiln Park and the Airport Island Angle Station of the Ngong Ping 360 cable car.
wn.com/Chek_Lap_Kok -
Dar es Salaam
Dar es Salaam (Arabic: دار السلام Dār as-Salām, "harbour of peace"), formerly Mzizima, is the largest city in Tanzania. It is also the country's richest city and a regionally important economic centre. Dar es Salaam is actually an administrative province within Tanzania, and consists of three local government areas or administrative districts: Kinondoni to the north, Ilala in the centre of the region, and Temeke to the south. The Dar es Salaam Region had a population of 2,497,940 as of the official 2002 census. Though Dar es Salaam lost its official status as capital city to Dodoma in 1974 (a move which was not complete until 1996), it remains the centre of the permanent central government bureaucracy and continues to serve as the capital for the surrounding Dar es Salaam Region.
On December 20, 2011, the heaviest rains in 57 years resulted in unprecedented flooding that devastated many areas of the city. As of December 23, the flooding had caused 13 casualties and left nearly 5,000 people homeless.
wn.com/Dar_es_Salaam -
Fred W. Friendly
Fred W. Friendly (October 30, 1915 – March 3, 1998) was a president of CBS News and the creator, along with Edward R. Murrow, of the documentary television program See It Now. He originated the concept of public broadcasting and played a major role in establishing the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) television.
Friendly was born Ferdinand Friendly Wachenheimer in New York City. A graduate of Nichols Business College, Friendly entered radio broadcasting in the 1930s at a radio station in Providence, Rhode Island . By the 1940s he was an experienced radio producer. It was in this role that Friendly (who had changed his name during his Providence days) first worked with Murrow on the Columbia Records historical albums, I Can Hear It Now.
The first entry in the series, released on Thanksgiving Day 1948, covered the crisis and war years 1933–1945. It was a ground-breaker in that it used clips of radio news coverage and speeches of the major events from that twelve-year time span. Friendly created the concept after noticing the new use of audiotape in regular radio news coverage, as opposed to wire or disc recordings that were an industry standard. nonetheless, Friendly periodically recreated the recordings of news events when such recordings didn't exist or were considered too chaotic to use on an album [1]. CBS correspondent David Schoenbrun, in his memoir On and Off the Air, said he once was forced by Friendly to ask Charles de Gaulle if he would recreate the speech he gave upon his return to Paris (de Gaulle refused). The recreations never were identified as such, and trying to separate the real from the recreated continues to be problematic for radio historians.
wn.com/Fred_W._Friendly -
Hamburg
Hamburg ( /ˈhæmbɜrɡ/; German pronunciation: [ˈhambʊɐ̯k], local pronunciation [ˈhambʊɪç]; Low German/Low Saxon: Hamborg [ˈhaˑmbɔːx]), officially Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, is the second-largest city in Germany, the thirteenth largest German state, and the sixth-largest city in the European Union. The city is home to over 1.8 million people, while the Hamburg Metropolitan Region (including parts of the neighbouring Federal States of Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein) has more than 4.3 million inhabitants. Situated on the river Elbe, the port of Hamburg is the second largest port in Europe (after the Port of Rotterdam) and 11th-largest worldwide.
Hamburg's official name, Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (German: Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg), reflects Hamburg's history as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League, as a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire, and that Hamburg is a city-state and one of the sixteen States of Germany.
Hamburg is a major transport hub in Northern Germany and is one of the most affluent cities in Europe. It has become a media and industrial centre, with plants and facilities belonging to Airbus, Blohm + Voss and Aurubis. The radio and television broadcaster Norddeutscher Rundfunk and publishers such as Gruner + Jahr and Spiegel-Verlag are pillars of the important media industry in Hamburg. In total, there are more than 120,000 enterprises.
wn.com/Hamburg -
Honshū
Honshu (本州, Honshū?, literally "Main Province") ([hoɴɕuː] (
listen)) is the largest island of Japan. The nation's main island, it is south of Hokkaido across the Tsugaru Strait, north of Shikoku across the Inland Sea, and northeast of Kyushu across the Kanmon Strait. It is the seventh largest island in the world, and the second most populous after Java in Indonesia.
It has a population of 103 million in 2005, (98,352,000 as of 1990; in 1975 it was 89,101,702), mostly concentrated in the available lowlands, notably in the Kantō plain where 25% of the total population reside in the Greater Tokyo Area, which includes Tokyo and Yokohama, Kawasaki, Saitama and Chiba cities. Most of the nation's industry is located along the belt running from Tokyo along Honshu's southern coastal cities, including Kyoto, Osaka, Nagoya, Kobe, and Hiroshima, part of the Taiheiyo Belt.
The economy along the northwestern coast by the Sea of Japan is largely fishing and agriculture;Niigata is noted as an important producer of rice. The Kantō and Nōbi plains produce rice and vegetables. Yamanashi is a major fruit-growing area, and Aomori is famous for its apples.
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India
India (i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
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Iraq
Iraq (/ɪˈræk/ or
i/ɪˈrɑːk/; Arabic: العراق al-‘Irāq); officially the Republic of Iraq (Arabic: 
جمهورية العراق (help·info) Jumhūriyyat al-‘Irāq), is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert.
Iraq borders Syria to the northwest, Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Jordan to the southwest and Kuwait and Saudi Arabia to the south. Iraq has a narrow section of coastline measuring 58 km (36 mi) on the northern Persian Gulf. The capital city, Baghdad is in the center-east of the country.
Two major rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates, run through the center of Iraq, flowing from northwest to southeast. These provide Iraq with agriculturally capable land and contrast with the steppe and desert landscape that covers most of Western Asia.
Historically, Iraq was the center of the Abbasid Arabic Islamic Empire. Iraq has been known to the west by the Greek toponym 'Mesopotamia' (Land between the rivers) and has been home to continuous successive civilizations since the 6th millennium BC. The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers is often referred to as the cradle of civilization and the birthplace of writing, law and the wheel. At different periods in its history, Iraq was the center of the indigenous Akkadian, Sumerian, Assyrian, Babylonian, and Abbasid empires. It was also part of the Achaemenid, Hellenistic, Parthian, Sassanid, Roman, Rashidun, Umayyad, Mongol, Safavid, Afsharid, and Ottoman empires, and under British control as a League of Nations mandate.
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Japan
Japani/dʒəˈpæn/ (Japanese: 日本 Nihon or Nippon; formally 日本国 Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, literally the State of Japan) is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku, together accounting for ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan has the world's tenth-largest population, with over 127 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.
Archaeological research indicates that people lived in Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other nations followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since adopting its revised constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament called the Diet.
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Jerusalem
Jerusalem ( /dʒəˈruːsələm/; Hebrew: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם Yerushaláyim ; Arabic: القُدس al-Quds and/or أورشليم Ûrshalîm) is the capital of Israel, though not internationally recognized as such, and one of the oldest cities in the world. It is located in the Judean Mountains, between the Mediterranean Sea and the northern edge of the Dead Sea. If the area and population of East Jerusalem is included, it is Israel's largest city in both population and area, with a population of 801,000 residents over an area of 125.1 km2 (48.3 sq mi). Jerusalem is also a holy city to the three major Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
During its long history, Jerusalem has been destroyed twice, besieged 23 times, attacked 52 times, and captured and recaptured 44 times. The oldest part of the city was settled in the 4th millennium BCE. In 1538, walls were built around Jerusalem under Suleiman the Magnificent. Today those walls define the Old City, which has been traditionally divided into four quarters—known since the early 19th century as the Armenian, Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Quarters. The Old City became a World Heritage site in 1981, and is on the List of World Heritage in Danger. Modern Jerusalem has grown far beyond its boundaries.
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Kathmandu
Kathmandu (Nepali: काठमांडौ [kɑːʈʰmɑːɳɖuː]; Nepal Bhasa: येँ देय्) is the capital and, with more than one million inhabitants, the largest metropolitan city of Nepal. The city is the urban core of the Kathmandu Valley in the Himalayas, which contains two sister cities: Lalitpur (Patan), 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to its south and Bhaktapur or Bhadgaon, 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) to its east, and a number of smaller towns. It is also acronymed as 'KTM' and named 'tri-city'. In the last census (2001), the city of Kathmandu had 671,846 inhabitants. Population estimates for 2005 were 790,612 and for 2010 they stood at 989,273. The municipal area is (50.67 square kilometres (19.56 sq mi)) and the population density is 19,500 per km².
The city stands at an elevation of approximately 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) in the bowl-shaped valley in central Nepal surrounded by four major hills: Shivapuri, Phulchowki, Nagarjun and Chandragiri. Kathmandu valley is part of three districts, Kathmandu District, Lalitpur District and Bhaktapur District, with the highest population density in the country and accounting for about 1/15 of its population. These three disticts contain 2.5 million people, as of the 2011 census.
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Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan (i/ˌkɑːzəkˈstɑːn/ or /ˌkæzəkˈstæn/) (Kazakh: Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, pronounced [qɑzɑqstɑ́n]; Russian: Казахстан [kəzɐxˈstan]), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Europe. The ninth largest country in the world by land area, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of 2,727,300 square kilometres (1,053,000 sq mi) is larger than Western Europe. It is neighbored clockwise from the north by Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and also borders on a significant part of the Caspian Sea. Although Kazakhstan does not share a border with Mongolia, its most easterly point is only 38 kilometres (24 mi) from Mongolia's western tip. The terrain of Kazakhstan ranges from flatlands, steppes, taigas, rock-canyons, hills, deltas, and snow-capped mountains to deserts. With 16.6 million people (2011 estimate) Kazakhstan has the 62nd largest population in the world, though its population density is less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 per sq. mi.). The capital was moved in 1998 from Almaty, Kazakhstan's largest city, to Astana.
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Nairobi
Nairobi ( /naɪˈroʊbi/) is the capital and largest city of Kenya. The city and its surrounding area also forms the Nairobi County. The name "Nairobi" comes from the Maasai phrase Enkare Nairobi, which translates to "cold water," the Maasai name of the Nairobi river, which in turn lent its name to the city. However, it is popularly known as the "Green City in the Sun" and is surrounded by several expanding villa suburbs. Residents of Nairobi are known as Nairobians.
Founded by the British in 1899 as a simple rail depot on the railway linking Mombasa to Uganda, the town quickly grew to become the capital of British East Africa in 1907 and eventually the capital of a free Kenyan republic in 1963. During Kenya's colonial period, the city became a centre for the colony's coffee, tea and sisal industry. Nairobi is also the capital of the Nairobi Province and of the Nairobi District. The city lies on the Nairobi River, in the south of the nation, and has an elevation of 1795 m above sea-level.
Nairobi is the most populous city in East Africa, with a current estimated population of about 3 million. According to the 2009 Census, in the administrative area of Nairobi, 3,138,295 inhabitants lived within 696 km2 (269 sq mi). Nairobi is currently the 12th largest city in Africa, including the population of its suburbs.
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NASA
Coordinates: 38°52′59″N 77°0′59″W / 38.88306°N 77.01639°W / 38.88306; -77.01639
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the agency of the United States government that is responsible for the nation's civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research. Since February 2006, NASA's mission statement has been to "pioneer the future in space exploration, scientific discovery and aeronautics research." On September 14, 2011, NASA announced that it had selected the design of a new Space Launch System that it said would take the agency's astronauts farther into space than ever before and provide the cornerstone for future human space exploration efforts by the U.S.
NASA was established by the National Aeronautics and Space Act on July 29, 1958, replacing its predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). The agency became operational on October 1, 1958. U.S. space exploration efforts have since been led by NASA, including the Apollo moon-landing missions, the Skylab space station, and later the Space Shuttle. Currently, NASA is supporting the International Space Station and is overseeing the development of the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle and Commercial Crew vehicles. The agency is also responsible for the Launch Services Program (LSP) which provides oversight of launch operations and countdown management for unmanned NASA launches.
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Nigeria
Nigeriai/naɪˈdʒɪəriə/, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean. The three largest and most influential ethnic groups in Nigeria are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba.
In terms of religion Nigeria is roughly split half and half between Muslims in the North and Christians in the South; a very small minority practice traditional religion. Since 2002 there have been a spate of clashes, particularly in the North of the country, between government forces and the Islamists Boko Haram, militant jihadists who seek to establish sharia law.
The people of Nigeria have an extensive history. Archaeological evidence shows that human habitation of the area dates back to at least 9000 BCE. The area around the Benue and Cross River is thought to be the original homeland of the Bantu migrants who spread across most of central and southern Africa in waves between the 1st millennium BC and the 2nd millennium.
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Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize (Norwegian and Swedish: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature. It is awarded to those who have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses."
Per Alfred Nobel's will, the recipient is selected by the Norwegian Nobel Committee, a 5-member committee appointed by the Parliament of Norway. Since 1990, the prize is awarded in Oslo City Hall on 10 December each year. The prize was formerly awarded in the Atrium of the University of Oslo Faculty of Law (1947–89), the Norwegian Nobel Institute (1905–46) and the Parliament (1901–04).
According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize shall be awarded to the person who "shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses."
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Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland (Irish: Tuaisceart Éireann pronounced [ˈt̪ˠuəʃcəɾˠt̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ] ( listen), Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann or Norlin Airlan) is a part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland. It shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west. As of 2001, its population was 1,685,000, constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the population of the United Kingdom. Since the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998, Northern Ireland is largely self-governing. According to the agreement, Northern Ireland co-operates with the rest of Ireland – from which it was partitioned in 1921 — on some policy areas, while other areas are reserved for the Government of the United Kingdom, though the Republic of Ireland "may put forward views and proposals".
Northern Ireland was for many years the site of a violent and bitter inter-communal conflict — the Troubles — which was caused by divisions between nationalists, who are predominantly Roman Catholic, and unionists, who are predominantly Protestant. Unionists want Northern Ireland to remain as a part of the United Kingdom, and generally see themselves as British, while nationalists wish for it to be politically reunited with the rest of Ireland, independent of British rule, and generally see themselves as Irish. Additionally, people from both sides of the community may describe themselves as Northern Irish. Since 1998, most of the paramilitary groups involved in the Troubles have ceased their armed campaigns.
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Omagh bombing
Coordinates: 54°36′0″N 7°17′52″W / 54.6°N 7.29778°W / 54.6; -7.29778
The Omagh bombing was a car bomb attack carried out by the Real Irish Republican Army (RIRA), a splinter group of former Provisional Irish Republican Army members opposed to the Good Friday Agreement, on Saturday 15 August 1998, in Omagh, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. Twenty-nine people died as a result of the attack and approximately 220 people were injured. The attack was described by the BBC as "Northern Ireland's worst single terrorist atrocity" and by the British Prime Minister, Tony Blair, as an "appalling act of savagery and evil".Sinn Féin leaders Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness condemned the attack and the RIRA itself.
The victims included people from many different backgrounds: Protestants,Catholics, a Mormon teenager, five other teenagers, six children, a woman pregnant with twins, two Spanish tourists, and other tourists on a day trip from the Republic of Ireland. The nature of the bombing created a strong international and local outcry against the RIRA, which later apologised, and spurred on the Northern Ireland peace process.
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Pakistan
Pakistan (i/ˈpækɨstæn/ or i/pɑːkiˈstɑːn/; Urdu: پاکستان) (Urdu pronunciation: [paːkɪˈst̪aːn] (
listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان), is a sovereign country in South Asia. It sits at the crossroads of the strategically important regions of South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi) coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west and north, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and it shares a marine border with Oman.
The territory of modern Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures, including the Neolithic Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and has undergone invasions or settlements by Hindu, Persian, Indo-Greek, Islamic, Turco-Mongol, Afghan and Sikh cultures. Thus the area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Indian Mauryan Empire, the Persian Achaemenid Empire, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire and the British Empire. As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and India's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent nation for Muslims from the regions in the east and west of India where there was a Muslim majority. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a new constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. A civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh.
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Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (PNG; Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands (the western portion of the island is a part of the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua). It is located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, in a region defined since the early 19th century as Melanesia. The capital is Port Moresby.
Papua New Guinea is one of the most culturally diverse countries on Earth. According to recent data, 841 different languages are listed for the country, although 11 of these have no known living speakers. . (A detailed series of language maps of Papua New Guinea may be found at Ethnologue) There may be at least as many traditional societies,out of a population of about 6.2 million. It is also one of the most rural, as only 18% of its people live in urban centres. The country is one of the world's least explored, culturally and geographically, and many undiscovered species of plants and animals are thought to exist in the interior of Papua New Guinea.
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Philippines
The Philippinesi/ˈfɪlɨpiːnz/ FI-lə-peenz (Filipino: Pilipinas [ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs]), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino: Republika ng Pilipinas) is a sovereign country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
With an estimated population of about 98 million people, the Philippines is the 7th most populated Asian country and the 12th most populated country in the world. An additional 12.5 million Filipinos live overseas. Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelago's earliest inhabitants. They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples who brought with them influences from Malay, Hindu, and Islamic societies. Trade introduced Chinese cultural influences which remain to this day.
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Republic of China
Taiwan (i/ˌtaɪˈwɑːn/ TY-WAHN; Chinese: 臺灣 or 台灣; pinyin: Táiwān; see below), officially the Republic of China (ROC; Chinese: 中華民國; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó), is a state in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China now governs the island of Taiwan (formerly known as Formosa), which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other minor islands. Neighboring states include the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east and northeast, and the Philippines to the south. Taipei is the capital city and economic and cultural centre of the country, and New Taipei is the most populous city.
The earliest evidence of inhabitation of Taiwan dates back to the late Paleolithic era. The island of Taiwan was mainly inhabited by Taiwanese aborigines before being colonized in the 17th century by the Dutch and the Spanish Empire. The first Han Chinese polity on Taiwan began when Koxinga's troops defeated Dutch forces and established the Kingdom of Tungning. The island was subsequently ruled by the Qing Dynasty after the kingdom's defeat in the Battle of Penghu in 1683, a period that lasted for over 200 years. Following Japan's victory over the Qing Dynasty in the first Sino-Japanese war, Taiwan was ceded to Japan under the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895.
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Russia
Russiai/ˈrʌʃə/ or /ˈrʊʃə/ (Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə] ( listen)), is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, and the US state of Alaska by the Bering Strait. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the eighth most populous nation with 143 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning nine time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources and is the largest producer of oil and natural gas globally. Russia has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
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Rwanda
Rwanda /ruːˈɑːndə/ or /ruːˈændə/, officially the Republic of Rwanda (Kinyarwanda: Repubulika y'u Rwanda; French: République du Rwanda), is a country in central and eastern Africa with a population of approximately 11.7 million (2012). Located a few degrees south of the Equator, Rwanda is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. All of Rwanda is at high elevation, with a geography dominated by mountains in the west, savanna in the east, and numerous lakes throughout the country. The climate is temperate, with two rainy seasons and two dry seasons every year.
The population is young and predominantly rural, with a density among the highest in Africa. Rwandans form three groups: the Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa. The Twa are a pygmy people who descend from Rwanda's earliest inhabitants, but scholars disagree on the origins of and differences between the Hutu and Tutsi; some believe that they are derived from former social castes, while others view them as being races or tribes. Christianity is the largest religion in the country, and the principal language is Kinyarwanda, which is spoken by most Rwandans. Rwanda has a presidential system of government. The President is Paul Kagame of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). Rwanda has low corruption compared with neighbouring countries, but human rights organisations allege suppression of opposition groups, intimidation, and restrictions on freedom of speech. The country has been governed by a strict administrative hierarchy since precolonial times; there are currently five provinces, which are delineated by borders drawn in 2006.
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Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербург, tr. Sankt-Peterburg; IPA: [sankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk] ( listen)) is a city and a federal subject (a federal city) of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. In 1914 the name of the city was changed to Petrograd (Russian: Петроград; IPA: [pʲɪtrɐˈgrat]), in 1924 to Leningrad (Russian: Ленинград; IPA: [lʲɪnʲɪnˈgrat]) and in 1991 back to Saint Petersburg.
In Russian literature, informal documents, and discourse, the "Saint" (Санкт-) is usually omitted, leaving Petersburg (Петербург, Peterburg). In common parlance Russians may drop "-burg" (-бург) as well, leaving only Peter (Питер, Russian: [ˈpʲitʲɪr]).
Saint Petersburg was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May 27 [O.S. 16] 1703. From 1713 to 1728 and from 1732 to 1918, Saint Petersburg was the Imperial capital of Russia. In 1918 the central government bodies moved from Saint Petersburg (then named Petrograd) to Moscow. It is Russia's second largest city after Moscow with almost 5 million inhabitants. Saint Petersburg is a major European cultural center, and also an important Russian port on the Baltic Sea.
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Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia (i/ˌsaʊdi əˈreɪbi.ə/ or i/ˌsɔːdiː əˈreɪbi.ə/; Arabic: السعودية as-Su‘ūdīyah[citation needed] or incorrectly as-Sa‘ūdīyah, officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Arabic: المملكة العربية السعودية al-Mamlakah al-‘Arabīyah as-Su‘ūdīyah Arabic pronunciation (help·info)), is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab world, after Algeria. It is bordered by Jordan, and Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south. The Red Sea lies to its west, and the Persian Gulf lies to the east. Saudi Arabia has an area of approximately 2,250,000 km2 (870,000 sq mi), and it has an estimated population of 27 million, of which 9 million are registered foreign expatriates and an estimated 2 million are illegal immigrants. Saudi nationals comprise an estimated 16 million people.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded by Abdul-Aziz bin Saud (known for most of his career as Ibn Saud) in 1932, although the conquests which eventually led to the creation of the Kingdom began in 1902 when he captured Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud, referred to in Arabic as the Al Saud. The Saudi Arabian government, which has been an absolute monarchy since its inception, refers to its system of government as being Islamic, though this is contested by many due to its strong basis in Salafism, a minority school of thought in Islam. The kingdom is sometimes called "The Land of the Two Holy Mosques" in reference to Al-Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca), and Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam.
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Shikoku
Shikoku (四国?, "four provinces") is the smallest (225 km or 139.8 mi long and between 50 and 150 km or 31.1 and 93.2 mi wide) and least populous (4,141,955 as of 2005) of the four main islands of Japan, located south of Honshū and east of the island of Kyūshū. Its ancient names include Iyo-no-futana-shima (伊予之二名島), Iyo-shima (伊予島), and Futana-shima (二名島). The current name refers to the four former provinces which made up the island: Awa, Tosa, Sanuki, and Iyo.
The Shikoku region, comprising Shikoku and its surrounding islets, covers about 18,800 square kilometres (7,259 sq mi) and consists of four prefectures: Ehime, Kagawa, Kōchi, and Tokushima. Across the Inland Sea lie Wakayama, Osaka, Hyōgo, Okayama, Hiroshima, and Yamaguchi Prefectures on Honshū. To the west lie Ōita and Miyazaki Prefectures on Kyūshū.
The 50th largest island by area in the world, Shikoku is smaller than Sardinia and Bananal, but larger than Halmahera and Seram. By population, it ranks 23rd, having fewer inhabitants than Sicily or Singapore, but more than Puerto Rico or Negros.
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Spain
Spain (i/ˈspeɪn/ SPAYN; Spanish: España, pronounced: [esˈpaɲa] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a sovereign state and a member of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north and north east by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla, that border Morocco. Furthermore, the town of Llívia is a Spanish exclave situated inside French territory. With an area of 504,030 square kilometres (194,610 sq mi), it is the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union after France, and the fourth largest country in Europe after Russia, Ukraine and France.
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Stanford University
Coordinates: 37°26′N 122°10′W / 37.43°N 122.17°W / 37.43; -122.17
The Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is an American private research university located in Stanford, California on an 8,180-acre (3,310 ha) campus near Palo Alto, California, United States. It is situated in the northwestern Silicon Valley, approximately 20 miles (32 km) northwest of San Jose and 37 miles (60 km) southeast of San Francisco.
Leland Stanford, a Californian railroad tycoon and politician, and his wife Jane Lathrop Stanford founded the university in 1891 in honor of their son, Leland Stanford, Jr., who died of typhoid two months before his 16th birthday. The university was established as a coeducational and nondenominational institution, but struggled financially after the senior Stanford's 1893 death and after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Following World War II, Provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates' entrepreneurialism to build self-sufficient local industry in what would become known as Silicon Valley. By 1970, Stanford was home to a linear accelerator, was one of the original four ARPANET nodes, and had transformed itself into a major research university in computer science, mathematics, natural sciences, and social sciences.
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Syria
Syria (/ˈsɪriə/ ( listen) SIRR-ee-ə; Arabic: سورية Sūriyya or سوريا Sūryā; Syriac: ܣܘܪܝܐ; Kurdish: Sûrî), officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية العربية السورية al-Jumhūriyyah al-‘Arabīyah as-Sūriyyah Arabic pronunciation (help·info)), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
In English, the name Syria was formerly synonymous with the Levant, known in Arabic as Sham, while the modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Eblan civilization of the third millennium BC. In the Islamic era, its capital city, Damascus, the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate, and a provincial capital of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt.
The population of Syria is 74% Sunni, 12% Alawi, 10% Christian, and 3% Druze. Combined, 87% of the Syrian population is Muslim, while the other 10% is Christian, which includes mainly Arab Christians but also Assyrians and Armenians. Major ethnic minorities in Syria include Kurds (9%), Assyrians, Armenians, Turkmens and Circassians. The majority of the population is Arab (90%).
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Taiwan
Taiwan (i/ˌtaɪˈwɑːn/ TY-WAHN; Chinese: 臺灣 or 台灣; pinyin: Táiwān; see below), officially the Republic of China (ROC; Chinese: 中華民國; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó), is a state in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China now governs the island of Taiwan (formerly known as Formosa), which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other minor islands. Neighboring states include the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east and northeast, and the Philippines to the south. Taipei is the capital city and economic and cultural centre of the country, and New Taipei is the most populous city.
The earliest evidence of inhabitation of Taiwan dates back to the late Paleolithic era. The island of Taiwan was mainly inhabited by Taiwanese aborigines before being colonized in the 17th century by the Dutch and the Spanish Empire. The first Han Chinese polity on Taiwan began when Koxinga's troops defeated Dutch forces and established the Kingdom of Tungning. The island was subsequently ruled by the Qing Dynasty after the kingdom's defeat in the Battle of Penghu in 1683, a period that lasted for over 200 years. Following Japan's victory over the Qing Dynasty in the first Sino-Japanese war, Taiwan was ceded to Japan under the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895.
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Trento
Trento listen (help·info) (traditional English: Trent; Italian: Trento, pronounced [ˈtrɛnto] or [ˈtrento][citation needed]; local dialects: Trènt; German: Trient) is an Italian city located in the Adige River valley in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. It is the capital of Trentino. In the 16th century the city was the location of the Council of Trent.
Trento is a major educational, scientific, financial and political centre in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and Northern Italy in general. The University of Trento ranks highly out of Italy's top 30 colleges, coming 1st in the Italian Ministry of Education ranking, 1st in Engineering area according to Censis-La Repubblica ranking and 5th in the Il Sole 24 Ore ranking of Italian universities, and amongst the 500 best in the world according to the Times Higher Education, coming 252nd. The city contains a picturesque Medieval and Renaissance historic centre, with ancient buildings such as Trento Cathedral and the Castello del Buonconsiglio.
Modern-day Trento is a cosmopolitan city, with highly-developed and organized modern social services.[citation needed] The city often ranks extremely highly out of all 103 Italian cities for quality of life, standard of living, and business and job opportunities, coming 1st, 6th and 2nd respectively. Trento is also one of the nation's wealthiest and most prosperous, with its province being one of the richest in Italy, although poorer than its neighbours Lombardy and South Tyrol, with a GDP per capita of €29,500 and a GDP (nominal) of €14.878 billion.
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UK
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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Venezuela
Venezuela (i/ˌvɛnɨˈzweɪlə/ VEN-ə-ZWAY-lə), officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: República Bolivariana de Venezuela [repuˈβlika βoliβaˈɾjana ðe βeneˈswela]), is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south. Its northern coastline of roughly 2,800 kilometres (1,700 mi) includes numerous islands in the Caribbean Sea, and in the north east borders the northern Atlantic Ocean. Caribbean islands such as Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, Curaçao, Bonaire, Aruba and the Leeward Antilles lie near the Venezuelan coast. Venezuela's territory covers around 916,445 square kilometres (353,841 sq mi) with an estimated population of 29,105,632. Venezuela is considered a state with extremely high biodiversity, with habitats ranging from the Andes mountains in the west to the Amazon Basin rainforest in the south, via extensive llanos plains and Caribbean coast in the center and the Orinoco River Delta in the east.
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Akira Kurosawa
Akira Kurosawa (黒澤 明, Kurosawa Akira?, March 23, 1910 – September 6, 1998) was a Japanese film director, screenwriter, producer, and editor. Regarded as one of the most important and influential filmmakers in the history of cinema, Kurosawa directed 30 films in a career spanning 57 years.
Kurosawa entered the Japanese film industry in 1936, following a brief stint as a painter. After years of working on numerous films as an assistant director and scriptwriter, he made his debut as a director in 1943, during World War II with the popular action film Sanshiro Sugata (a.k.a. Judo Saga). After the war, the critically acclaimed Drunken Angel (1948), in which Kurosawa cast then-unknown actor Toshirō Mifune in a starring role, cemented the director's reputation as one of the most important young filmmakers in Japan. The two men would go on to collaborate on another 15 films.
Rashomon, which premiered in Tokyo in August 1950, and which also starred Mifune, became, on September 10, 1951, the surprise winner of the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival and was subsequently released in Europe and North America. The commercial and critical success of this film opened up Western film markets for the first time to the products of the Japanese film industry, which in turn led to international recognition for other Japanese filmmakers. Throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, Kurosawa directed approximately a film a year, including a number of highly regarded films such as Ikiru (1952), Seven Samurai (1954) and Yojimbo (1961). After the mid-1960s, he became much less prolific, but his later work—including his final two epics, Kagemusha (1980) and Ran (1985)—continued to win awards, including the Palme d'Or for Kagemusha, though more often abroad than in Japan.
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Alan J. Pakula
Alan Jay Pakula (April 7, 1928 – November 19, 1998) was an American film director, writer and producer noted for his contributions to the conspiracy thriller genre.
Pakula started his Hollywood career as an assistant in the cartoon department at Warner Brothers. In 1957, he undertook his first production role for Paramount Pictures. In 1962, he produced To Kill a Mockingbird, for which he was nominated for a Best Picture Academy Award. In 1969, he directed his first feature, The Sterile Cuckoo, starring Liza Minnelli.
In 1971, Pakula released the first installment of what would informally come to be known as his "paranoia trilogy". Klute, the story of a relationship between a private eye (played by Donald Sutherland) and a call girl (played by Jane Fonda, who won an Oscar for her performance), was a commercial and critical success. This was followed in 1974 by The Parallax View starring Warren Beatty, a labyrinthine post-Watergate thriller involving political assassinations. The film has been noted for its experimental use of hypnotic imagery in a celebrated film-within-a-film sequence in which the protagonist is inducted into the Parallax Corporation, whose main, albeit non-ostensible, enterprise is domestic terrorism.
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Alan Lloyd Hodgkin
Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, OM, KBE, PRS (5 February 1914, Banbury, Oxfordshire – 20 December 1998 Cambridge, Cambridgeshire) was a British physiologist and biophysicist, who shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Andrew Huxley and John Eccles.
Hodgkin was educated at The Downs School near Malvern, Gresham's School, and Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1930, he was the winner of a bronze medal in the Public Schools Essay Competition organized by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.
During the Second World War, he volunteered to work on Aviation Medicine at Farnborough and was subsequently transferred to the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE) where he worked on the development of centimetric radar, including the design of the Village Inn AGLT airborne gun-laying system. Earlier, in March 1941, Hodgkin had flown on the test flight of a Bristol Blenheim fitted with the first airborne centimetric radar system.
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Alan Shepard
Alan Bartlett Shepard, Jr. (November 18, 1923 – July 21, 1998) was an American naval aviator, test pilot, flag officer, and NASA astronaut who in 1961 became the second person, and the first American, in space. This Mercury flight was designed to enter space, but not to achieve orbit. Ten years later, at age 47 the oldest astronaut in the program, Shepard commanded the Apollo 14 mission, piloting the lander to the most accurate landing of the Apollo missions. He became the fifth person to walk on the Moon, and the only Mercury astronaut to walk on the moon. During the mission he hit two golf balls on the lunar surface.
These were his only two space flights, as his flight status was interrupted for five years (1964–69) during the Mercury and Gemini programs by Ménière's disease, an inner-ear disease that was surgically corrected before his moon flight. Shepard served as chief of the Astronaut Office from November 1963 – July 1969 (approximately the period of his grounding), and from June 1971 – August 1, 1974 (from his last flight, to his retirement). He was promoted from captain to rear admiral on August 25, 1971. He retired from the US Navy and NASA in 1974.
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Alfred Schnittke
Alfred Schnittke (Russian: Альфре́д Га́рриевич Шни́тке (Al'fred Garrievič Šnitke); Engels, November 24, 1934 – Hamburg, August 3, 1998) was a Soviet and German composer. Schnittke's early music shows the strong influence of Dmitri Shostakovich. He developed a polystylistic technique in works such as the epic First Symphony (1969–1972) and First Concerto Grosso (1977). In the 1980s, Schnittke's music began to become more widely known abroad with the publication of his Second (1980) and Third (1983) String Quartets and the String Trio (1985); the ballet Peer Gynt (1985–1987); the Third (1981), Fourth (1984), and Fifth (1988) Symphonies; and the Viola (1985) and 1st Cello (1985–1986) Concertos. As his health deteriorated, Schnittke's music started to abandon much of the extroversion of his polystylism and retreated into a more withdrawn, bleak style.
Schnittke's father, Harry Viktorovich Schnittke (1914–1975, rus.), was Jewish and born in Frankfurt. He moved to the USSR in 1927 and worked as a journalist and translator from the Russian language into German. His mother, Maria Iosifovna Schnittke (née Vogel, 1910–1972), was a Volga German born in Russia. Schnittke's paternal grandmother, Tea Abramovna Katz (1889–1970), was a philologist, translator, and editor of German-language literature.
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Alfredo Ormando
Alfredo Ormando (San Cataldo, 15 December 1958 – Rome, 23 January 1998) was a gay Italian writer. On 13 January 1998 he set himself on fire in Saint Peter's Square in Rome to protest the attitudes and policies of the Roman Catholic Church regarding homosexual Christians. After two policemen put out the flames, he was brought to Sant'Eugenio hospital in critical condition. He died there 11 days later.
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Alice Faye
Alice Faye (May 5, 1915 – May 9, 1998) was an American actress and singer, called by The New York Times "one of the few movie stars to walk away from stardom at the peak of her career." She is remembered first for her stardom at 20th Century Fox and, later, as the radio comedy partner of her husband, bandleader and comedian Phil Harris. She is also often associated with the Academy Award–winning standard "You'll Never Know", which she introduced in the 1943 musical film Hello, Frisco, Hello.
Born Alice Jeanne Leppert in New York City, she was the daughter of a New York police officer of German descent and his Irish-American wife, Charles and Alice Moffit Leppert. Faye's entertainment career began in vaudeville as a chorus girl (she failed an audition for the Ziegfeld Follies when it was revealed she was too young), before she moved to Broadway and a featured role in the 1931 edition of George White's Scandals. By this time, she had adopted her stage name and first reached a radio audience on Rudy Vallée's The Fleischmann Hour (1932–1934), where she may have met her future husband and comedy partner, Phil Harris.
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Allan McLeod Cormack
Allan MacLeod Cormack (February 23, 1924 – May 7, 1998) was a South African-born American physicist who won the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (along with Godfrey Hounsfield) for his work on X-ray computed tomography (CT).
Cormack was born in Johannesburg, South Africa. He attended the Rondebosch Boys' High School in Cape Town, where he was active in the debating and tennis teams. He received his B.Sc. in physics in 1944 from the University of Cape Town and his M.Sc. in crystallography in 1945 from the same institution. He was a research student at Cambridge University from 1947–49, and while at Cambridge he met his future wife, Barbara Seavey, an American physics student.
After marrying Seavey, he returned to the University of Cape Town in early 1950 to lecture. Following a sabbatical at Harvard in 1956-57, the couple agreed to move to the United States, and Cormack became a professor at Tufts University in the fall of 1957. Cormack became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1966. Although he was mainly working on particle physics, Cormack's side interest in x-ray technology led him to develop the theoretical underpinnings of CT scanning. This work was initiated at the University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital in early 1956 and continued briefly in mid-1957 after returning from his sabbatical. His results were subsequently published in two papers in the Journal of Applied Physics in 1963 and 1964. These papers generated little interest until Hounsfield and colleagues built the first CT scanner in 1971, taking Cormack's theoretical calculations into a real application. For their independent efforts, Cormack and Hounsfield shared the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He was member of the International Academy of Science. In 1990, he was awarded the National Medal of Science.
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Allen Drury
Allen Stuart Drury (September 2, 1918 – September 2, 1998) was a U.S. novelist. He wrote the 1959 novel Advise and Consent, for which he won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1960.
Born on 2 September 1918 in Houston, Texas, to Alden Monteith Drury (1895-1975), a real estate broker and insurance agent, and Flora Allen (1894-1973), a legislative representative for the California Parent-Teacher Association. Drury was a direct descendant of Hugh Drury (1616-1689) and Lydia Rice (1627-1675), daughter of Edmund Rice (1594-1663), all of whom were early immigrants to Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Allen Stuart Drury grew up in Porterville, California and earned his B.A. at Stanford University in 1939. In the 1990s, he would write three novels inspired by his experiences at Stanford: Toward What Bright Glory?, Into What Far Harbor?, and Public Men. After graduating from Stanford, Drury went to work for the Tulare Bee in Porterville, where he won a Sigma Delta Chi Award for editorial writing from the Society of Professional Journalists. Drury enlisted in the U.S. Army on 25 Jul 1942 in Los Angeles and trained as an infantry soldier.
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Amartya Sen
Amartya Sen, CH (Bengali: অমর্ত্য সেন, translit. Ômorto Shen; born 3 November 1933) is an Indian economist who was awarded the 1998 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his contributions to welfare economics and social choice theory, and for his interest in the problems of society's poorest members. Sen is best known for his work on the causes of famine, which led to the development of practical solutions for preventing or limiting the effects of real or perceived shortages of food. He helped to create the United Nations Human Development Index. In 2012, he became the first non-American recipient of the National Humanities Medal.
He is currently the Thomas W. Lamont University Professor and Professor of Economics and Philosophy at Harvard University. He is also a senior fellow at the Harvard Society of Fellows, distinguished fellow of All Souls College, Oxford and a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, where he previously served as Master from 1998 to 2004. He is the first Indian and the first Asian academic to head an Oxbridge college.
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André Weil
André Weil (6 May 1906 – 6 August 1998) (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃dʁe vɛj]) was an influential mathematician of the 20th century, renowned for the breadth and quality of his research output, its influence on future work, and the elegance of his exposition. He is especially known for his foundational work in number theory and algebraic geometry. He was a founding member and the de facto early leader of the influential Bourbaki group. The philosopher Simone Weil was his sister.
He was born in Paris to Alsatian agnostic Jewish parents who fled the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany. His only sibling was Simone Weil, a famous philosopher. Weil studied in Paris, Rome and Göttingen and received his doctorate in 1928. While in Germany, he befriended Carl Ludwig Siegel. He spent two academic years at Aligarh Muslim University from 1930. Hinduism and Sanskrit literature were his life-long interests[citation needed]. After one year in Marseille, he taught six years in Strasbourg. He married Éveline in 1937.
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Anne Desclos
Anne Desclos (23 September 1907 – 27 April 1998) was a French journalist and novelist who wrote under the pseudonyms Dominique Aury and Pauline Réage.
Born in Rochefort, Charente-Maritime, France to a bilingual family, Desclos began reading in French and English at an early age. After completing her studies at the Sorbonne, she worked as a journalist until 1946 when she joined Gallimard Publishers as the editorial secretary for one of its imprints where she began using the pen name of Dominique Aury.
An avid reader of English and American literature, Desclos either translated or introduced to readers in France such renowned authors as Algernon Charles Swinburne, Evelyn Waugh, Virginia Woolf, T. S. Eliot, F. Scott Fitzgerald and numerous others. She became a critic and was made a member of the jury for several prominent literary awards.
Desclos' lover and employer, Jean Paulhan, had made the remark to her that no woman was capable of writing an erotic novel. To prove him wrong, Desclos wrote a graphic, sadomasochistic novel that was published under the pseudonym Pauline Réage in June 1954. Titled Histoire d'O (Story of O), it was an enormous, though controversial, commercial success. The book caused much speculation as to the identity of the author. Many doubted that it was a woman, let alone the demure, intellectual, and almost prudish persona displayed in Dominique Aury's writings.
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Annette Strauss
Annette Strauss (January 26, 1924 – December 14, 1998) was a philanthropist and a former mayor of Dallas. The Annette Strauss Artist Square in the Arts District of downtown Dallas, Texas is named in honor of her. She was the second female mayor and the second Jewish mayor of Dallas (Adlene Harrison was first; Laura Miller was the third).
Born in Houston, Texas, Annette Strauss graduated from the University of Texas at Austin in 1944. She moved to New York City where she received master's degrees in sociology and psychology from Columbia University. She was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. She worked as a Red Cross social worker in Houston for a year until she married Ted Strauss, Sr. Managing Director of Bear Stearns, in 1946 and moved to Dallas in 1947.
During the 1960s and 1970s, Strauss worked tirelessly as a fundraiser for various charities and organizations and also as a volunteer for a number of other organizations. She worked on behalf of the Dallas Symphony, the Crystal Charity Ball, Southern Methodist University, the United Way of America, the United Jewish Appeal, the Dallas Black Dance Theatre, Baylor University Medical Center and many other groups. Her efforts helped to raise millions for the arts in Dallas. Strauss was also one of the founding members of the Volunteer Center of North Texas.
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Ansumane Mané
Ansumane Mané (c. 1940 – 30 November 2000) was a Guinea-Bissau soldier who led a 1998 uprising against the government of President João Bernardo Vieira, which caused a brief, but bloody Civil War.
Mané fought in the war of independence from Portugal alongside Vieira, and he backed Vieira when the latter seized power in a 1980 coup. In early 1998, he was suspended as Chief of Staff of the armed forces for allegedly smuggling arms to Casamance separatist rebels in Senegal. In a letter published in early April 1998, he in turn made the same accusation against the Minister of Defense, Samba Lamine Mané, and other officers; he also alleged that Vieira had permitted the arms smuggling and claimed that he was suspended as Chief of Staff in connection with "shady plan to mount a coup d'état".
Mané was subsequently dismissed by Vieira and replaced by General Humberto Gomes on 6 June 1998. He led a military rebellion against Vieira on the following day, resulting in the civil war. A peace agreement in November 1998 provided for a transitional national unity government and new elections.
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Ariel Winter
Ariel Winter Workman (born January 28, 1998), best known as Ariel Winter, is an American teen actress. Winter is known for her current role as Alex Dunphy in the TV series Modern Family, for which she has won a Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Ensemble in a Comedy Series, along with the rest of the show's cast. In 2011, Winter landed the voice "Marina the Mermaid" on Jake and the Never Land Pirates on Disney Junior.
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Athol Rowan
Athol Matthew Burchell Rowan (7 February 1921 in Kensington, South Africa – 22 February 1998 in Hermanus, Western Cape) was a South African cricketer who played in fifteen Tests from 1947 to 1951.
His older brother, Eric, also played Test cricket for South Africa.
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Augusto Pinochet
Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte, more commonly known as Augusto Pinochet (Spanish pronunciation: [auˈɣusto pinoˈtʃet]), (25 November 1915 – 10 December 2006) was a Chilean army general and dictator who assumed power in a coup d'état on 11 September 1973. He was the commander-in-chief of the Chilean army from 1973 to 1998, president of the Government Junta of Chile from 1973 to 1981 and President of the Republic from 1974 until transferring power to a democratically elected president in 1990.
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Barry Goldwater
Barry Morris Goldwater (January 2, 1909 – May 29, 1998) was a five-term United States Senator from Arizona (1953–1965, 1969–1987) and the Republican Party's nominee for President in the 1964 election. An articulate and charismatic figure during the first half of the 1960s, he was known as "Mr. Conservative".
Goldwater is the politician most often credited for sparking the resurgence of the American conservative political movement in the 1960s. He also had a substantial impact on the libertarian movement.
Goldwater rejected the legacy of the New Deal and fought through the conservative coalition to defeat the New Deal coalition. He mobilized a large conservative constituency to win the hard-fought Republican primaries. Goldwater's right-wing campaign platform ultimately failed to gain the support of the electorate and he lost the 1964 presidential election to incumbent Democrat Lyndon B. Johnson by one of the largest landslides in history, bringing down many Republican candidates as well. The Johnson campaign and other critics painted him as a reactionary, while supporters praised his crusades against the Soviet Union, labor unions, and the welfare state. His defeat allowed Johnson and the Democrats in Congress to pass the Great Society programs, but the defeat of so many older Republicans in 1964 also cleared the way for a younger generation of American conservatives to mobilize. Goldwater was much less active as a national leader of conservatives after 1964; his supporters mostly rallied behind Ronald Reagan, who became governor of California in 1967 and the 40th President of the United States in 1981.
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Bear Grylls
Edward Michael "Bear" Grylls (born 7 June 1974) is an English adventurer, writer and television presenter. He is best known for his television series Man vs. Wild, known as Born Survivor in the United Kingdom. In July 2009, Grylls was appointed the youngest ever Chief Scout at the age of 35.
Grylls grew up in Donaghadee, Northern Ireland until the age of 4 when his family moved to Bembridge on the Isle of Wight. He is the son of the late Conservative party politician Sir Michael Grylls and Lady Sarah Grylls. Lady Grylls was the daughter of Patricia Ford, briefly an Ulster Unionist Party MP, and cricketer and businessman Neville Ford. Grylls has one sibling, an elder sister, Lara Fawcett, a cardio-tennis coach, who gave him the nickname 'Bear' when he was a week old.
Grylls was educated at Eaton House, Ludgrove School, Eton College, where he helped start its first mountaineering club, and Birkbeck, University of London, where he graduated with a degree, obtained part-time, in Hispanic studies in 2002. From an early age, he learned to climb and sail from his father, who was a member of the prestigious Royal Yacht Squadron. As a teenager, he learned to skydive and earned a second dan black belt in Shotokan karate. He practices yoga and ninjutsu. At age eight he became a Cub Scout. He speaks English, Spanish, and French. Grylls is a Christian, describing his faith as the "backbone" in his life.
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Bella Abzug
Bella Savitsky Abzug (July 24, 1920 – March 31, 1998) was an American lawyer, Congresswoman, social activist and a leader of the Women's Movement. In 1971, Abzug joined other leading feminists such as Gloria Steinem and Betty Friedan to found the National Women's Political Caucus. She notably declared "This woman’s place is in the House—the House of Representatives" in her successful 1970 campaign to join that body. She was later appointed to chair the National Commission on the Observance of International Women's Year and to plan the 1977 National Women's Conference by President Gerald Ford and led President Jimmy Carter's commission on women. Abzug was also the first Jewish woman elected to the House of Representatives.
Bella Savitsky was born on July 24, 1920, in New York City. Both of her parents were Russian-Jewish immigrants. Her mother, Esther, was a homemaker and her father, Emanuel ran the Live and Let Live Meat Market.
When her father died, Abzug, then 13, was disallowed to say the Mourner's Kaddish for her father in synagogue, where that privilege was reserved for sons of the deceased. However, she did so as one of her first feminist actions because her father had no son.
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Benjamin Spock
Benjamin McLane Spock (May 2, 1903 – March 15, 1998) was an American pediatrician whose book Baby and Child Care, published in 1946, is one of the biggest best-sellers of all time. Throughout its first 52-years, Baby and Child Care was the second-best-selling book, next to the Bible. Its message to mothers is that "you know more than you think you do."
Spock was the first pediatrician to study psychoanalysis to try to understand children's needs and family dynamics. His ideas about childcare influenced several generations of parents to be more flexible and affectionate with their children, and to treat them as individuals. In addition to his pediatric work, Spock was an activist in the New Left and anti Vietnam War movements during the 1960s and early 1970s. At the time his books were criticized by Vietnam War supporters for allegedly propagating permissiveness and an expectation of instant gratifications that led young people to join these movements, a charge Spock denied. Spock also won an Olympic gold medal in rowing in 1924 while attending Yale University.
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Bernarr Rainbow
Bernarr Joseph George Rainbow (October 2, 1914 - March 17, 1998) was a historian of music education, organist, and choir master from the United Kingdom.
Born on 2 October 1914 in Battersea, London, United Kingdom, he was the son of James Rainbow, a cabinet-maker at Buckingham Palace, who later became the Curator of pictures at Hampton Court. Rainbow first became a church chorister when his family moved to Clapham, and he was intrigued by watching the organist play. After another move he attended Rutlish School in Merton. Even though he still at school, Bernarr was appointed the organist and choirmaster at St James's, Merton, later holding similar posts at St. Mary's, East Molesey and St. Andrew's, Wimbledon.
After his family moved to Hampton Court, Bernarr attended Trinity College of Music between 1933–1939, where he was a pupil of Dr William Lovelock. His 21st birthday was marked by a reception and dance at Hampton Court attended by 80 guests. While studying at Trinity he earned a living in the Map Branch of the Land Registry near Lincoln's Inn. Rainbow's studies were interrupted by World War II and he served with the Army in North Africa and Italy, until he was invalided out in 1944. In 1941 Rainbow married Olive Grace Still (1915–1996), at the church of St Mary the Virgin, Merton; composing the music for the service himself.
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Betty Carter
Betty Carter (born Lillie Mae Jones, May 16, 1929 – September 26, 1998) was an American jazz singer known for her improvisational technique, scatting abilities, and other complex musical abilities that demonstrated her vocal talent and imaginative interpretation of lyrics and melodies. Vocalist Carmen McRae once remarked, "there's really only one jazz singer - only one: Betty Carter."
Carter was born in Flint, Michigan and grew up in Detroit, where her father led a church choir. As a child, Carter was raised to be extremely independent and to not expect nurturing from her family. Even thirty years after leaving home, Carter was still very aware and effected by the home life that she was raised in, and has been quoted saying,
Despite the isolation that Carter felt from her family due to their lack of support, it is possible to attribute her fighting spirit and determination to make it in the music business to this sense of abandonment, leading her to be the legend that she is today. She studied piano at the Detroit Conservatory at the age of fifteen, but did not exceed a modest level of expertise. At the age of sixteen, Carter began singing. As her parents were not big proponents of her pursuing a singing career, Carter would sneak out at night to audition for amateur shows. After winning first place at her first amateur competition, Carter felt as though she were being accepted into the music world and decided that she must pursue it tirelessly. When Carter began performing live, she was too young to be admitted into bars, so she obtained a forged birth certificate to gain entry in order to perform.
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Bill Clinton
William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III; August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Inaugurated at age 46, he was the third-youngest president. He took office at the end of the Cold War, and was the first president of the baby boomer generation. Clinton has been described as a New Democrat. Many of his policies have been attributed to a centrist Third Way philosophy of governance.
Born and raised in Arkansas, Clinton became both a student leader and a skilled musician. He is an alumnus of Georgetown University where he was Phi Beta Kappa and earned a Rhodes Scholarship to attend the University of Oxford. He is married to Hillary Rodham Clinton, who has served as the United States Secretary of State since 2009 and was a Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009. Both Clintons received law degrees from Yale Law School, where they met and began dating. As Governor of Arkansas, Clinton overhauled the state's education system, and served as Chair of the National Governors Association.
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Bill Reid
William (Bill) Ronald Reid, OBC (12 January 1920 – 13 March 1998) was a Canadian artist whose works included jewelry, sculpture, screen-printing, and painting. His work is featured on the Canadian $20 banknote.
Reid was born in Victoria, British Columbia to an American father William Ronald Reid of Scottish-German descent and a mother, Sophie Gladstone Reid, from the Kaadaas gaah Kiiguwaay, Raven/Wolf Clan of T'anuu, or more commonly known as the Haida, one of the First Nations of the Pacific coast. He developed a keen interest in Haida art while working as a radio announcer in Toronto for CBC Radio, where he also studied jewelry making at the Ryerson Institute of Technology, having first learnt about his heritage from his maternal grandfather, who had himself been trained by Charles Edenshaw, a Haida artist of great renown.
In 1951, he returned to Vancouver where he eventually established a studio on Granville Island, and became greatly interested in the works of Edenshaw, working to understand the symbolism of his work, much of which had been lost along with the many Haida traditions. During this time he also worked on salvaging artifacts, including many intricately carved totem poles which were then moldering in abandoned village sites, and aided in the partial reconstruction of a village in the University of British Columbia Museum of Anthropology.
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Binnie Barnes
Gertrude Maud "Binnie" Barnes (25 May 1903 – 27 July 1998) was an English actress.
Barnes was born in Islington, the daughter of Rosa Enoyce and George Barnes, a policeman. Her father was Jewish and her mother of Italian descent.
She began her acting career in films in 1923, appearing in a short film made by Lee De Forest in his Phonofilm sound-on-film process. Her film career continued in Great Britain, most notably in The Private Life of Henry VIII (1933) as Katherine Howard, Henry's misfortunate fifth wife. Later her career continued in Hollywood, until 1973, when she appeared in the comedy 40 Carats, her last acting role.
She was married, secondly, to film producer Mike Frankovich, a Roman Catholic, for whom she converted to Catholicism, and later a naturalized United States citizen. The couple adopted three children.
She died of natural causes, aged 95, in Beverly Hills, California, in 1998, survived by her three children, including production manager, Mike Frankovich, Jr. and producer Peter Frankovich. She was interred in Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale.
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Birger Ruud
Birger Ruud (23 August 1911 – 13 June 1998) was a Norwegian ski jumper.
Born in Kongsberg, Birger Ruud, with his brothers Sigmund and Asbjørn, dominated international jumping in the 1930s, winning three world championships in 1931, 1935 and 1937. Ruud also won the Olympic gold medal in 1932 and 1936. He also was an accomplished alpine skier, winning a bronze medal in the combined at the 1935 world championships. Ruud won the Holmenkollen ski jumping competition in 1934 and shared the Holmenkollen medal in 1937 with Olaf Hoffsbakken and Martin P. Vangsli.
In 1943, during the German occupation of Norway, Ruud was committed to Grini concentration camp for expressing his anti-Nazi sentiments. After his release in 1944, he joined the Norwegian resistance movement. Impressively, he competed also in the 1948 Olympics, at age 36, winning the silver medal in ski jumping. This accomplishment he personally held in the highest regard. Twice he set ski jumping world records: 76.5 m (250.98 ft) in Odnesbakken in 1931, and 92 m (301.84 ft) in Planica in 1934.
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Bradley Steven Perry
Bradley Steven Perry (born November 23, 1998) is an American actor, best known for his role as Gabe Duncan on the Disney Channel family sitcom Good Luck Charlie, and for his role as Roger Elliston III in Disney's High School Musical spin-off film Sharpay's Fabulous Adventure.
In 2007, Perry began his professional acting career at the age of 8 with small roles in the films Choose Connor, and Magnificent Max. The following year, he made his television debut with a guest-starring role on the CBS crime-drama Without a Trace. Over the next year, Perry continued to appear in small comedic roles in such films as The Goods: Live Hard, Sell Hard, Opposite Day, and Old Dogs.
In 2010, Perry landed a starring role on the Disney Channel family sitcom Good Luck Charlie. On the series, Perry plays the intelligent and scheming Gabe Duncan, the third of four siblings in the Duncan family alongside fellow Disney veterans Jason Dolley and Bridgit Mendler. In 2011, Perry landed a co-starring role in the Disney Channel original movie Sharpay's Fabulous Adventure opposite Ashley Tisdale. In the film, Perry played Roger Elliston III, a precocious young dog owner and Sharpay's rival, competing to get his dog a starring role on Broadway.
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Brian Stonehouse
Brian Julian Warry Stonehouse MBE (8 August 1918 – 2 December 1998) was a British painter and Special Operations Executive agent during World War II.
He was born in Torquay, England. When his family moved to France, he went to school in Wimereux, Pas-de-Calais. Back in Britain in 1932, he studied art in Ipswich at Ipswich Art School
Stonehouse worked as an artist but joined the Territorial Army after the outbreak of World War II. He was later conscripted into the Royal Artillery. In 1940, he worked as an interpreter for French troops in Glasgow who had been evacuated from Norway. In the autumn of 1941, he was training for a commission in the 121 Officer Cadet Unit when the Special Operations Executive contacted him. Due to his fluency in French, SOE recruited him as a wireless operator with code name of Celestin.
On 1 July 1941, Brian Stonehouse parachuted into occupied France near the city of Tours in the Loire Valley. His radio got caught in a tree and he spent five nights in the forest before he could get it down. After finally retrieving it, the radio would not work properly and his contact told him to move to Lyon.
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Bruno Munari
Bruno Munari (October 24, 1907, Milan – September 30, 1998, Milan) was an Italian artist and designer, who contributed fundamentals to many fields of visual arts (painting, sculpture, film, industrial design, graphic design) and non visual arts (literature, poetry) with his research on games, didactic method and creativity.
Bruno Munari was born in Milan but spent his childhood and teenage years in Badia Polesine. In 1925 he returned to Milan where he started to work with his uncle who was an engineer. In 1927, he started to follow Marinetti and the Futurist movement, displaying his work in many exhibitions. Three years later he associated with Riccardo Castagnedi (Ricas), with whom he worked as a graphic designer until 1938. During a trip to Paris, in 1933, he met Louis Aragon and André Breton. From 1939 to 1945 he worked as a press graphic designer for the Mondadori editor, and as art director of Tempo Magazine. At the same time he began designing books for children, originally created for his son Alberto.
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Carl Forgione
Carl Forgione (3 May 1944 - 10 September 1998) was a British actor, best known for his television appearances.
He appeared in two Doctor Who serials - Planet of the Spiders in 1974 and Ghost Light in 1989.
Other credits include: Dixon of Dock Green, Blake's 7, Star Cops, Coronation Street and The House of Eliott.
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Carl Perkins
Carl Lee Perkins (April 9, 1932 – January 19, 1998) was an American rockabilly musician who recorded most notably at Sun Records Studio in Memphis, Tennessee, beginning during 1954. His best known song is "Blue Suede Shoes".
According to Charlie Daniels, "Carl Perkins' songs personified the rockabilly era, and Carl Perkins' sound personifies the rockabilly sound more so than anybody involved in it, because he never changed." Perkins' songs were recorded by artists (and friends) as influential as Elvis Presley, The Beatles, Jimi Hendrix, and Johnny Cash, which further cemented his place in the history of popular music.
Called "the King of Rockabilly", he was inducted into the Rock and Roll, the Rockabilly, and the Nashville Songwriters Halls of Fame; and was a Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipient.
Perkins was the son of poor sharecroppers, Buck and Louise Perkins (misspelled on his birth certificate as "Perkings") near Tiptonville, Tennessee. He grew up hearing Southern gospel music sung by whites in church, and by black field workers when he started working in the cotton fields at age six. During spring and autumn, the school day would be followed by several hours of work in fields. During the summer, workdays were 12–14 hours, "from can to can't." Carl and his brother Jay together would earn 50 cents a day. With all family members working and not having any credit, there was enough money for beans and potatoes, some tobacco for Carl's father Buck, and occasionally the luxury of a five-cent bag of hard candy.
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Carlos Castaneda
Carlos Arana Castaneda (December 25, 1925 – April 27, 1998) was a Peruvian-American anthropologist and author.
Starting with The Teachings of Don Juan in 1968, Castaneda wrote a series of books that describe his alleged training in shamanism. The books, narrated in the first person, relate his supposed experiences under the tutelage of a Yaqui "Man of Knowledge" named Don Juan Matus. His 12 books have sold more than 8 million copies in 17 languages. Critics have suggested that they are works of fiction; supporters claim the books are either true or at least valuable works of philosophy and descriptions of practices which enable an increased awareness.
Castaneda withdrew from public view in 1973 to work further on his inner development, living in a large house with three women ("Fellow Travellers of Awareness") who were ready to cut their ties to family and changed their names. He founded Cleargreen, an organization that promoted tensegrity, purportedly a traditional Toltec regimen of spiritually powerful exercises.
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Cary Middlecoff
Emmett Cary Middlecoff (January 6, 1921 – September 1, 1998) was a dentist who gave up his practice to become a professional golfer on the PGA Tour in the 1940s.
Middlecoff was born in Halls, Tennessee. He graduated from Christian Brothers High School. He played collegiate golf at the University of Mississippi (UM) where he was the school's first golf All-American in 1939. As a UM undergraduate and a dental student at the University of Tennessee, Middlecoff won the Tennessee State Amateur Championship for four straight years (1940–1943). After obtaining his DDS degree in 1944, he entered the United States Army Dental Corps during World War II. He won a PGA Tour tournament as an amateur in 1945, and then turned professional in 1947.
During his playing career, Middlecoff won 40 PGA Tour tournaments, including the 1955 Masters and U.S. Open titles in 1949 and 1956. He won the Vardon Trophy for lowest scoring average in 1956. He played on three Ryder Cup teams: 1953, 1955, and 1959.
During the decade of the 1950s, Middlecoff won 28 Tour titles, more than any other player during that span. A tall player with plenty of power and good accuracy, Middlecoff during his best years was also a superb putter. He was known for often taking excessive time to play his shots. Back problems and struggles with his nerves during competition ended his career in the early 1960s, when he was only in his early 40s.
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Catherine Cookson
Dame Catherine Cookson DBE (née McMullen) (27 June 1906 – 11 June 1998) was a British author. She became the United Kingdom's most widely read novelist, with sales topping 100 million, while retaining a relatively low profile in the world of celebrity writers. Her books were inspired by her deprived youth in North East England, the setting for her novels.
Born as Catherine Ann McMullen at 5 Leam Lane in Tyne Dock, South Shields, County Durham, she was known as "Kate" as a child. She moved to East Jarrow, County Durham which would become the setting for one of her best-known novels, The Fifteen Streets. The illegitimate child of an alcoholic named Kate Fawcett, she grew up thinking her unmarried mother was her sister, as she was brought up by her grandparents, Rose and John McMullen. Biographer Kathleen Jones tracked down her father, whose name was Alexander Davies, a bigamist and gambler from Lancashire.[citation needed]
She left school at 13 and, after a period of domestic service, took a laundry job at Harton Workhouse in South Shields. In 1929, she moved south to run the laundry at Hastings Workhouse, saving every penny to buy a large Victorian house, and then taking in lodgers to supplement her income.
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Charles Lang
Charles Bryant Lang, Jr., A.S.C. (March 27, 1902, Bluff, Utah – April 3, 1998, Santa Monica, California ) was an American cinematographer.
Early in his career he worked with the Akeley camera, a gyroscope-mounted "pancake" camera designed by Carl Akeley for outdoor action shots. Lang's first credits were as co-cinematographer on the silent films The Night Patrol (1926) and The Loves of Ricardo (1927).
After completing Tom Sawyer for Paramount Pictures in 1930, he continued working at the studio for more than twenty years. The style of lighting he introduced in A Farewell to Arms became heavily identified with all of Paramount's films during the 1930s and 1940s, though he occasionally worked for other studios, for instance on The Ghost and Mrs. Muir (1947).
In 1951 he began the second phase of his career, this time as a free-lance cinematographer. His credits include The Big Heat (1953), Sabrina (1954), Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (1957), The Matchmaker (1958), Some Like It Hot (1959), The Magnificent Seven (1960), How the West Was Won (1962), Charade (1963), Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice (1969), and Butterflies Are Free (1972).
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Claudia Benton
Angel Maturino Reséndiz, aka The Railroad Killer/The Railway Killer (August 1, 1960 – June 27, 2006), was an itinerant Mexican serial killer responsible for as many as thirty murders across the United States and Mexico during the 1990s. Some also involved sexual assault. He became known as "The Railroad (or Railway) Killer" as most of his crimes were committed near railroads where he had jumped off the trains he was using to travel about the country. On June 21, 1999, he briefly became the 457th fugitive listed by the FBI on its Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list before surrendering to the Texas authorities on July 13. He was 39 years old.
Reséndiz had many aliases but was chiefly known and sought after as Rafael Resendez-Ramirez. One of his aliases, Ángel Reyes Reséndiz, was very close to the name Ángel Leoncio Reyes Recendis given on his birth certificate from Izúcar de Matamoros, Puebla, Mexico.
By jumping on and off trains both within and across Mexico, Canada and the United States, generally crossing borders illegally, Reséndiz was able to evade the authorities for a considerable time. He also had no fixed addresses.
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Conrad Schumann
Hans Conrad Schumann (March 28, 1942 – June 20, 1998) was an East German soldier who famously defected to West Germany during the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961.
Born in Zschochau, Schumann served as a soldier in the East German Bereitschaftspolizei. After three months' training in Dresden, he was posted to a non-commissioned officers' college in Potsdam, after which he volunteered for service in Berlin.
On 15 August 1961, Schumann was sent to the corner of Ruppiner Straße and Bernauer Straße to guard the Berlin Wall on its third day of construction. At that time, the wall was only a low barbed wire fence. From the other side, West Germans shouted to him, "Komme über!" ("Come over!"), and a police car pulled up to wait for him. Schumann jumped over the barbed wire fence and was promptly driven away from the scene by the West Berlin police. West German photographer Peter Leibing photographed Schumann's escape, and this picture has since become an iconic image of the Cold War era.
Schumann was later permitted to travel from West Berlin to the main territory of West Germany, where he settled in Bavaria. He met his wife Kunigunde in the town of Günzburg.
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Cozy Powell
Colin Flooks (29 December 1947 – 5 April 1998), better known as Cozy Powell, was an English rock drummer who made his name with many major rock bands.
Cozy Powell was born in Cirencester, Gloucestershire, England, and started playing drums at age 12 in the school orchestra, thereafter playing along in his spare time to popular singles of the day. The first band he was in, called the Corals, played each week at the youth club in Cirencester. At age 15 he had already worked out an impressive drum solo. The stage name 'Cozy' was borrowed from the jazz drummer Cozy Cole.
The semi-professional circuit was next, with semi-pro outfit The Sorcerers, a vocal harmony pop band. The late nights and usual on-the-road exploits began to affect his education, and Powell left to take an office job in order to finance the purchase of his first set of Premier drums. The Sorcerers performed in the German club scene of the 1960s. By 1968 the band had returned to England, basing themselves around Birmingham. Powell struck up friendships with fellow musicians like Robert Plant and John Bonham (both at the time unknowns in Listen), future Slade vocalist Noddy Holder, bassist Dave Pegg and a young guitarist called Tony Iommi. The Sorcerers now became Youngblood, and a series of singles were released in late 1968–69. The group then linked up with the Move bassist/singer Ace Kefford to form The Ace Kefford Stand. Powell also began session work. Powell with fellow Sorcerers Dave and Dennis Ball formed Big Bertha.
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Curtis T. McMullen
Curtis Tracy McMullen (born 21 May 1958) is Professor of Mathematics at Harvard University. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1998 for his work in complex dynamics, hyperbolic geometry and Teichmüller theory.
McMullen graduated as valedictorian in 1980 from Williams College and obtained his Ph.D. in 1985 from Harvard University, supervised by Dennis Sullivan. He held post-doctoral positions at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute, and the Institute for Advanced Study, after which he was on the faculty at Princeton University (1987–1990) and the University of California, Berkeley (1990–1997), before joining Harvard in 1997. He received the Salem Prize in 1991 and was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2007.
McMullen has given a proof that backgammon ends with probability one.
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César Baldaccini
César Baldaccini (1 January 1921 in Marseille - 6 December 1998 in Paris), usually called César was a noted French sculptor.
César was at the forefront of the Nouveau Réalisme movement with his radical compressions (compacted automobiles, discarded metal, or rubbish), expansions (polyurethane foam sculptures), and fantastic representations of animals and insects.
He was a French sculptor, born in 1921 of Italian parents in the working class neighbourhood of la Belle-de-Mai in Marseilles. His father was a cooper and bar owner. His full name was César Baldaccini, but is usually known as César. After studying at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Marseilles (1935-9) he went on to the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris (1943-8). He began making sculptures by welding together pieces of scrap metal in 1952 and first made his reputation with solid welded sculptures of insects, various kinds of animals, nudes, etc.
His first one-man exhibition at the Galerie Lucien Durand, Paris, 1954.
His early work used soldered and welded metal as well as junk materials, and by 1960 César was considered one of France's leading sculptors. In that year on a visit to a scrap merchant in search of metal, he saw a hydraulic crushing machine in operation, and decided to experiment with it in his sculpture. He astonished his followers by showing three crushed cars at a Paris exhibition. It was for these 'Compressions' that César became renowned. César selected particular cars for crushing, mixing elements from differently coloured vehicles. In this way he could control the surface pattern and colour scheme of the piece.
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Dan Quisenberry
Dan Raymond "Quiz" Quisenberry ( /ˈkwɪzənbɛri/; February 7, 1953 – September 30, 1998) was an American right-handed relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played primarily for the Kansas City Royals. Notable for his submarine-style pitching delivery and his humorous quotes, he led the American League in saves a record five times (1980, 1982–85), and retired in 1990 with 244 saves, then the 6th-highest total in major league history.
Born in Santa Monica, California, Quisenberry played at Division III University of La Verne in La Verne, California. He went on to sign with the Royals as an amateur free agent in 1975, and was considered a marginal prospect. At the age of 26, he made his major league debut with the Kansas City Royals on July 8, 1979 against the Chicago White Sox, pitching 2⅔ scoreless innings, and surrendering just two hits and no walks. Quisenberry finished the season having appeared in 32 games and posting a 3-2 record with a 3.15 earned run average and 5 saves.
During spring training the following year, manager Jim Frey suggested that Quisenberry learn the submarine style delivery from Pittsburgh Pirates reliever Kent Tekulve to confuse hitters, because he could not overpower them with a fastball. From 1980 to 1985, Quisenberry was the American League's dominant closer leading the American League in saves all six season (with the exception of the strike-shortened 1981 season). During that same span, he posted an ERA of 2.45 and won the Rolaids Relief Man Award each season. He also finished in the top five in voting for the Cy Young Award during this span.
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Dane Clark
Dane Clark (February 26, 1912 – September 11, 1998) was an American film actor who was known for playing, as he labeled himself, "Joe Average".
Clark was born Bernard Zanville in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Jewish immigrants Samuel and Rose. Samuel was a sporting goods store owner.
He graduated from Cornell University and earned a law degree at St. John's University School of Law in Queens, New York. During the Great Depression, he worked as a boxer, baseball player, construction worker, and model.
Modeling brought him in contact with people in the arts. He gradually perceived them to be snobbish, with their talk of the "theatah", and "I decided to give it a try myself, just to show them anyone could do it."
He progressed from small Broadway parts to larger ones, eventually taking over the role of George from Wallace Ford in the 1937 production of Of Mice and Men. Clark got his big break when he was signed by Warner Bros. in 1943. He worked alongside some of his era's biggest stars, often in war movies such as Action in the North Atlantic (1943), his breakthrough part (opposite Humphrey Bogart who also starred with him in Hollywood Canteen), Destination Tokyo (1943) with Cary Grant, and Pride of the Marines (1945) with friend and fellow New Yorker John Garfield. According to Clark, Bogart gave him his stage name.
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Daniel Chee Tsui
Daniel Chee Tsui (Chinese: 崔琦; pinyin: Cuī Qí, born February 28, 1939, Henan Province, China) is a Chinese-born American physicist whose areas of research included electrical properties of thin films and microstructures of semiconductors and solid-state physics. He was previously the Arthur LeGrand Doty Professor of Electrical Engineering at Princeton University and adjunct senior research scientist in the Department of Physics at Columbia University, where he was a visiting professor from 2006 to 2008. Currently, he is a research professor at Boston University. In 1998, along with Horst L. Störmer of Columbia and Robert Laughlin of Stanford, Tsui was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions to the discovery of the fractional quantum Hall effect.
Tsui was born in Fan Village (范庄), about 7,5 kilometers from Baofeng, Henan Province, and his parents were both farmers. When he was born, China was full of natural disasters and wars. He studied Chinese classics in a school in the village.
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Darwin Joston
Francis Darwin Solomon (December 9, 1937 – June 1, 1998) was an American actor known professionally as Darwin Joston (sometimes credited as Darwin Jostin during the early years of his career). Joston began his career as a New York stage actor, and he appeared in many popular television shows during the 1960s, early 1970s, and mid-1980s, but he is best known for his performances in independent films that later achieved cult status, particularly Assault on Precinct 13.
Joston was born in Winston-Salem, North Carolina to Mary Elizabeth Smith and Buford Odell Solomon; he had one brother, Talmadge Solomon, who became a Church of Christ minister. Joston attended Glenn High School in Kernersville, North Carolina, where he was considered to be a talented athlete. He later studied drama at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and graduated from there in 1960.
After college, Joston moved to New York City and began his professional career as a stage actor in various theater and summer stock productions. He lived and worked in New York for five years and then moved to Los Angeles, California, where, from the mid-1960s through the mid-1970s, Joston acted primarily in television. He appeared in a number of popular series including Lassie (in which he had a recurring role), The Virginian, The Rat Patrol, Ironside, The Rookies, and McCloud. He also had guest roles in episodes of the short-lived series Longstreet and Ghost Story/Circle of Fear.
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David Manners
David Manners (April 30, 1900 – December 23, 1998) was a Canadian - American film actor.
Born Rauff de Ryther Daun Acklom in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Manners came to Hollywood at the beginning of the talking films revolution after studying acting with Eva Le Gallienne, and acting on stage with Helen Hayes. His family moved to New York City in 1907 and to Hastings-on-Hudson, New York in 1922.
In spite of his father's protestations of his thespian ambitions and his even having studied forestry (which bored him) at the University of Toronto, Manners resolutely pursued a stage career and appeared in both Broadway and out-of-town productions, one of which caused Le Gallienne to comment that he was "a very bad actor."
Manners was serendipitously "discovered" by the film director James Whale at a Hollywood party, and within a few years, he was a popular leading man, playing opposite such up and coming actresses as Katharine Hepburn, Barbara Stanwyck, Gloria Stuart, Myrna Loy, Loretta Young, and Ann Dvorak, and he was paired several times with Helen Chandler.
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David Trimble
William David Trimble, Baron Trimble, PC (born 15 October 1944, in Belfast), is a politician from Northern Ireland. He served as Leader of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP; 1995–2005), was the first First Minister of Northern Ireland (1998–2002), and was a Member of the British Parliament (1990–2005). He is currently a life peer for the Conservative Party. Trimble was awarded the 1998 Nobel Peace Prize, along with John Hume.
While a professor of law at Queen's University Belfast, he was elected to the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention. He served as Member of Parliament for Upper Bann from 1990 until 2005. He resigned leadership of the UUP soon afterwards. In June 2006, he became a member of the House of Lords, as The Right Honourable William David Trimble by the name, style, and title of Baron Trimble, of Lisnagarvey in the County of Antrim. In April 2007 he left the UUP to join the Conservative Party.
In June 2010, the Israeli government appointed Lord Trimble to be one of two international observers serving on an Israeli commission of inquiry looking into the events surrounding an Israeli raid on the Mavi Marmara, along with Canadian former Judge Advocate General Ken Watkin. The panel concluded both Israel’s naval blockade of Gaza and the interception of the flotilla “were found to be legally pursuant to the rules of international law”.
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Dermot Morgan
Dermot John Morgan (31 March 1952 – 28 February 1998) was an Irish comedian, actor and previously a schoolteacher, who achieved international renown for his role as Father Ted Crilly in the Channel 4 sitcom Father Ted.
Born in Dublin and educated at Oatlands College, Stillorgan, and University College, Dublin (U.C.D.), Morgan first came to prominence as part of the team of the highly successful RTÉ television show The Live Mike, presented by Mike Murphy. Between 1979 and 1984 Morgan, previously a full-time teacher at St. Michael's College, Ailesbury Road, played a range of comic characters, who would appear between segments, including Father Trendy, an unctuous trying-to-be-cool Catholic priest given to drawing ludicrous parallels with non-religious life in two-minute 'chats' to camera. He also played (among other characters) an intolerant GAA bigot, who would wave his hurley around aggressively while verbally attacking his pet hates. He lampooned the Wolfe Tones' song "A Nation Once Again" by singing of a dog who saves his Irish Republican Army (I.R.A.) master by eating a grenade during a search by the Black and Tans. When the dog farts and the grenade detonates, the British commented that, "It must have been something he ate." The song climaxed with the words, "I hope that I shall live to see Fido an Alsatian once again."
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Dorothy Stickney
Dorothy Stickney (June 21, 1896 – June 2, 1998) was a Broadway actress best known for appearing in the long running Life with Father.
Born in Dickinson, North Dakota, Stickney attended the North Western Dramatic School in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She sang and danced as one of the four Southern Belles in vaudeville and began acting in summer stock companies including Atlanta's Forsyth Players in the early 1920s before she married Howard Lindsay.
Stickney made her Broadway debut in 1926 in The Squall and had a string of hits, frequently playing eccentric characters. She was Liz, the mad scrubwoman, in the original nonmusical version of Chicago, and Mollie Molloy, who dives out of the pressroom window, in The Front Page. With increasingly important roles, she moved on to Philip Goes Forth, Another Language, On Borrowed Time, The Small Hours, To Be Continued and The Honeys.
Ms. Stickney received the Barter Award for Best Performance of the Year in 1940 for her role as "Vinnie" in Life with Father, which had been written by her husband, Lindsay, who also co-starred. The award was presented to her by Eleanor Roosevelt.
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Dušan Pašek
Dušan Pašek (7 September 1960 in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia – 15 March 1998 in Bratislava, Slovakia) was a professional ice hockey forward who played 48 games in the National Hockey League. He played for the Minnesota North Stars. He won a silver medal at the 1984 Winter Olympics and represented Czechoslovakia at three Canada Cups. He also won a gold medal at the 1985 World Ice Hockey Championships.
Pašek was president of the Slovak Ice Hockey Federation when he committed suicide on 15 March 1998. Reasons for his death are still rumoured.
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E. G. Marshall
E. G. Marshall (June 18, 1914 – August 24, 1998) was an American actor, best known for his television roles as the lawyer Lawrence Preston on The Defenders in the 1960s and as neurosurgeon David Craig on The Bold Ones: The New Doctors in the 1970s. Among his film roles he is perhaps best known as the unflappable "Juror #4" in Sidney Lumet's courtroom drama, 12 Angry Men (1957).
Marshall was born Everett Eugene Grunz in Owatonna, Minnesota, the son of Hazel Irene (née Cobb; 1892–1975) and Charles G. Grunz (1882–1959). He attended both Carleton College and the University of Minnesota. During his life, he chose not to reveal what "E. G." stood for, telling most people it stood for "Everybody's Guess".
Although most familiar for his later television and movie roles, E. G. Marshall also had a distinguished Broadway career, having appeared in original New York productions of The Skin of Our Teeth and The Iceman Cometh and having had lead roles in The Crucible and Waiting for Godot. In 1972, he returned to the live stage to play the title role in Macbeth in Richmond, Virginia, under the direction of Keith Fowler Marshall was the original host of the popular nightly radio drama ,The CBS Radio Mystery Theater.
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Eddie Rabbitt
Edward Thomas "Eddie" Rabbitt (November 27, 1941 – May 7, 1998) was an American singer-songwriter and musician. His career began as a songwriter in the late 1960s, springboarding to a recording career after composing hits such as "Kentucky Rain" for Elvis Presley in 1970 and "Pure Love" for Ronnie Milsap in 1974. Later in the 1970s, Rabbitt helped to develop the crossover-influenced sound of country music prevalent in the 1980s with such hits as "Suspicions" and "Every Which Way but Loose." His duets "Friends and Lovers" and "You and I", with Juice Newton and Crystal Gayle respectively, later appeared on the soap operas Days of Our Lives and All My Children.
Rabbitt was born to Irish immigrants in Brooklyn, New York in 1941 and was raised in the nearby community of East Orange, New Jersey. His father was an oil-refinery refrigeration worker and a skilled fiddle and accordion player who often entertained local New York City dance halls. By age twelve Rabbitt was a proficient guitar player, having been taught by his scoutmaster, Tom Scwickrath. During his childhood Rabbitt became a self-proclaimed "walking encyclopedia of country music". After his parents divorced he dropped out of school at age sixteen. His mother, Mae, explained this action by saying that Rabbitt "was never one for school [because] his head was too full of music." He later obtained a high school diploma after taking courses at night school.
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Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms, and head of the 54-member Commonwealth of Nations. She is also head of state of the Crown Dependencies.
Elizabeth was born in London, and educated privately at home. Her father acceded to the throne as George VI in 1936 on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII. She began to undertake public duties during the Second World War, in which she served in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. On the death of her father in 1952, she became Head of the Commonwealth and queen regnant of seven independent Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon. Her coronation service in 1953 was the first to be televised. Between 1956 and 1992, the number of her realms varied as territories gained independence and some realms became republics. Today, in addition to the first four aforementioned countries, Elizabeth is Queen of Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis.
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Elle Fanning
Mary Elle Fanning (born April 9, 1998), credited as Elle Fanning, is an American actress and model. She is the younger sister of actress Dakota Fanning and mainly known for her starring roles in Phoebe in Wonderland, Somewhere, and We Bought a Zoo. In 2011, Fanning starred in her breakout role as Alice Dainard in J.J. Abrams' sci-fi-drama blockbuster, Super 8. For this role she received overwhelming critical acclaim and was often cited as one of the film's best aspects. She received nominations for a Saturn Award, a Young Artist Award, a Broadcast Film Critics Association Award, a Teen Choice Award, a Scream Award, an MTV Movie Award, and more including a special Spotlight Award at the Hollywood Film Festival.
Fanning was born in Conyers, Georgia, the daughter of Heather Joy (née Arrington), who played tennis professionally, and Steven J. Fanning, who played minor league baseball for the St. Louis Cardinals and now works as an electronics salesman in Los Angeles. Her maternal grandfather is American football player Rick Arrington, and her aunt is ESPN reporter Jill Arrington. Fanning is the younger sister of Dakota Fanning, who is also an actress. Fanning has German, Irish, English, and French ancestry (her paternal grandmother was born in Ludwigshafen, Germany). Fanning and her family are members of the Southern Baptist Convention. She has been quoted as saying "We're just normal sisters. We both go to school and we just play together." Fanning currently attends Campbell Hall School in North Hollywood, Los Angeles, that was also attended by child actresses Ashley and Mary-Kate Olsen.
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Ellis Rabb
Ellis Rabb (June 20, 1930, Memphis, Tennessee – January 11, 1998, Memphis, Tennessee) was an American actor and director who in 1959 formed the Association of Producing Artists, a theatre company that brought new works and noteworthy revivals to Broadway and to regional theatres. The APA merged with the Phoenix Theatre in 1964 and as the APA-Phoenix went on to mount Broadway revivals of Man and Superman, The Show Off, Right You Are If You Think You Are, and Hamlet (in which Rabb played the title role) among others, with the APA-Phoenix receiving a special Tony Award for distinguished achievement prior to disbanding in 1969.
Rabb’s subsequent work as an actor included starring in the New York premiere of David Mamet's A Life in the Theatre in 1977 at Off-Broadway's Theatre de Lys and in 1980 he played the title role in The Man Who Came to Dinner at the Circle in the Square Theatre.
His later directing work included a 1973 production of A Streetcar Named Desire, starring Rosemary Harris (to whom he was married from 1960–1967), James Farentino, and Patricia Conolly; a memorable production of The Royal Family in 1975 for which he won both a Tony Award and a Drama Desk Award, and a 1983 revival of You Can't Take It With You with Jason Robards and Colleen Dewhurst. His final Broadway production was his own adaptation of Arthur Schnitzler's The Loves of Anatol.
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Elmer Valo
Elmer William Valo (March 5, 1921 - July 19, 1998), born Imrich Valo, was a Slovak-American right fielder, coach and scout in Major League Baseball, making his debut on September 22, 1940. He batted left-handed and threw right-handed.
Playing in the major leagues for 20 years, Valo was a .282 hitter with 58 home runs and 601 RBI in 1806 games, with most of his time spent as a member of the Philadelphia & Kansas City Athletics (1940–43, 1946–56).
Valo also played with the Philadelphia Phillies (1956, 1961), Brooklyn & Los Angeles Dodgers (1957–58), Cleveland Indians (1959), New York Yankees (1960), and Washington Senators/Minnesota Twins (1960–61). His last game was on October 1, 1961, with the Phillies.
Valo played for Federalsburg of the Eastern Shore League in 1939 and for Wilmington in the Interstate League in 1940. It has been alleged that Valo played one game for Philadelphia on September 30, 1939. The significance of this is that if it were true, Valo would join Ted Williams, Mickey Vernon, and Early Wynn as the four decade players from the 30's to the 60's. Although there is no evidence supporting this allegation, the box score for the game in question is incomplete.
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Emil Sitka
Emil Sitka (December 22, 1915 – January 16, 1998) was a veteran American actor who appeared in hundreds of movies, short films, and television shows, and is best known for his numerous appearances with The Three Stooges—nearly 40. He is one of only two actors to have worked with all six Stooges (Shemp Howard, Moe Howard, Larry Fine, Curly Howard, Joe Besser, Joe DeRita) on film in the various incarnations of the group (Harold Brauer was the other). He is remembered mostly for a line of dialogue he keeps repeating in the Three Stooges short, Brideless Groom, where he appears as the justice of the peace attempting to marry Shemp and Dee Green: "Hold hands, you lovebirds!"
Sitka, whose numerous appearances with the Three Stooges earned him the nickname "the Fourth Stooge," was born in Johnstown, Pennsylvania in 1915. He was the oldest of five children. His father, a coal miner, died of black lung disease when Sitka was 12 years old, and his mother was hospitalized, unable to take care of the children. His siblings were placed in foster homes, but Sitka went to live in a church in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania with a Catholic priest for the next few years. At this time, he became an altar boy and made plans to enter the priesthood, and had his first acting opportunity in the church's annual Passion Play. At the age of 16, he and one of his brothers traveled across the U.S.A., riding the rails hobo-style, looking for work. After a year, they returned to Pittsburgh, where Sitka found a job working in a factory. He stayed there until the great St. Patrick's Day Pittsburgh Flood of 1936, after which he departed to pursue his dream of acting in Hollywood, California.
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Eric Ambler
Eric Clifford Ambler OBE (28 June 1909 – 22 October 1998) was an influential British author of spy novels who introduced a new realism to the genre. Ambler also used the pseudonym Eliot Reed for books co-written with Charles Rodda.
Ambler was born in London into a family of entertainers who ran a puppet show, with which he helped in his early years. Both parents also worked as music hall artists. Later he studied engineering at Northampton Polytechnic in Islington (now City University, London), and served a traineship with an engineering company. However, his upbringing as an entertainer proved dominant and he soon moved to writing plays and other works. By the early 1930's he was a copywriter at an advertising agency in London. After resigning he moved to Paris, where he met and married Louise Crombie, an American fashion correspondent.
At that time, Ambler was politically a staunch anti-Fascist and like many others tended to regard the Soviet Union as the only real counterweight - which was reflected in the fact that some of his early books include Soviet agents depicted positively and as sympathetic characters, the undoubted allies of the main protagonist.
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Eric Robert Rudolph
Eric Robert Rudolph (born September 19, 1966), also known as the Olympic Park Bomber, is a far-right terrorist responsible for a series of bombings across the southern United States between 1996 and 1998, which killed two people and injured at least 150 others in the name of an anti-abortion and anti-gay agenda. The Federal Bureau of Investigation considers him a terrorist.
As a teenager Rudolph was taken by his mother to a Church of Israel compound in 1984; it is connected to the Christian Identity movement. He has called himself a Roman Catholic in "the war to end this holocaust" (in reference to abortion). He has confirmed religious motivation, but denied racial motivation for his crimes.
He spent five years on the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives until he was caught in 2003. In 2005, as part of a plea bargain, Rudolph pled guilty to numerous federal and state homicide charges and accepted four consecutive life sentences in exchange for avoiding a trial and a potential death sentence.
Rudolph was born in Merritt Island, Florida. After his father, Robert, died in 1981, he moved with his mother and siblings to Nantahala, Macon County, in western North Carolina.[citation needed] He attended ninth grade at the Nantahala School but dropped out after that year and worked as a carpenter with his older brother Daniel. When Rudolph was 18, he spent time with his mother at a Christian Identity compound in Missouri.
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Ernst Jünger
Ernst Jünger (29 March 1895 – 17 February 1998) was a German writer. In addition to his political essays, novels and diaries, he is well known for Storm of Steel, an account of his experience during World War I.
Jünger was born in Heidelberg to a middle class family, and grew up in Hannover as the son of a chemical engineer who later became a pharmacist. He attended school from 1901 to 1913, and was a member of the Wandervogel movement. In 1913, he ran away from home to join the French Foreign Legion in which he served very briefly in North Africa. During World War I he served with distinction in the Imperial German Army on the Western Front. In the first week of January 1917 he was awarded the Iron Cross First Class and in September 1918 was awarded Prussia's highest military decoration of that time, the Pour le Mérite (informally known as the "Blue Max"). This he received as a Lieutenant at the age of 23.
His war experiences are first described in Storm of Steel (German title: In Stahlgewittern) which was published in 1920 (self-published). This book by which Jünger became suddenly famous has been seen as glorifying war. Jünger served as a lieutenant in the army of the Weimar Republic until his demobilisation in 1923. He studied marine biology, zoology, botany, and philosophy, and became a well-known entomologist. He married Gretha von Jeinsen (1906–1960) in 1925; they had two children, Ernst (1926–1944) and Alexander (1934–1993).
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Esther Rolle
Esther Rolle (November 8, 1920 – November 17, 1998) was an American actress. She was perhaps best known for her portrayal of Florida Evans on the CBS television sitcom Maude and its spin-off series Good Times.
Esther Rolle was born in Pompano Beach, Florida, to Bahamian immigrants Jonathan Rolle (a farmer) and Elizabeth Rolle. Esther was the tenth of 18 children.
Rolle attended Booker T. Washington High School in Miami, Florida and graduated from Blanche Ely High School. She initially studied at Spelman College in Atlanta, but she moved to New York City. She attended Hunter College, The New School for Social Research, and Yale University.[citation needed] She was also a member of Zeta Phi Beta sorority. For many years, Rolle worked in a traditional "day job" in New York City's garment district.
She received the NAACP Chairman's Civil Rights Leadership Award in 1990. She was the first woman to receive this award.
Her marriage ended in divorce, and she had no children.
After residing in Los Angeles, California, Rolle died on November 17, 1998, just nine days after her 78th birthday, in Culver City, California, from complications of diabetes. Her body was flown back to her hometown, Pompano Beach, Florida. A devout Methodist she requested her funeral be held at Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church and she requested in her will that in leiu of flowers donations be sent to such organizations as The African American Chapter of the American Diabetes Association, The Bethune-Cookman College in Daytona Beach, Florida, The Black Academy of Arts and Letters in Dallas, Texas, The Jenesse Center in Los Angeles, Marcus Garvey Elementary, and Junior High School in Los Angeles.
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Eva Bartok
Eva Bartok (18 June 1927 – 1 August 1998), born Éva Ivanova Márta Szőke, was an actress born in Budapest, Hungary. She began acting in films in 1950 and her last credited appearance was in 1966. She is best known for appearances in Blood and Black Lace, The Crimson Pirate, Operation Amsterdam, and Ten Thousand Bedrooms.
During World War II, Eva Bartok was forced into marrying a Hungarian officer. The alternative was deportation to a concentration camp for her and her mother.[citation needed] After the war, the marriage was annulled on the grounds of coercion of a minor. She had three other marriages, all of which ended in divorce. Her final husband was actor Curd Jürgens (1955–56). Her daughter Deana was born in 1957, shortly after her marriage to Jürgens ended. Three decades later, she claimed that Deana's father was actually Frank Sinatra, with whom she had a brief affair in 1956. She also had a publicized affair with David Mountbatten, 3rd Marquess of Milford Haven for several years.
During the 1950s, Bartok suffered a bout with ovarian cancer. She experienced an allegedly miraculous recovery after being spiritually "opened" in Subud.
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Falco (musician)
Johann (Hans) Hölzel (19 February 1957 – 6 February 1998), better known by his stage name Falco (help·info), was an Austrian pop and rock musician and rapper. He had several international hits: "Der Kommissar", "Rock Me Amadeus", "Vienna Calling", "Jeanny", "The Sound of Musik", "Coming Home (Jeanny Part 2)" and posthumously, "Out of the Dark". "Rock Me Amadeus" reached #1 on the Billboard charts, making him the only artist whose principal language was German to score a number-one hit in the United States. His estate claims he has sold 20 million albums and 15 million singles, which makes him the best selling Austrian singer of all time.
Falco began to show signs of unusual musical talent very early. As a toddler, he was able to keep time with the drumbeat in songs he heard on the radio. He was given a baby grand piano for his fourth birthday; a year later, his birthday gift was a record player which he used to play music by Elvis Presley, Cliff Richard, and the Beatles. At age five, he auditioned for the Vienna Music Academy, where it was confirmed that he had perfect pitch.
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Ferid Murad
Ferid Murad (born September 14, 1936) is an Albanian-American physician and pharmacologist, and a co-winner of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He is also an honorary member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Kosovo.
He was born in Whiting, Indiana to Jabir Murat Ejupi, an Albanian from Gostivar, Macedonia, and Henrietta Bowman, an American Christian and raised as a Christian. He received his undergraduate degree in chemistry from the pre-med program at DePauw University in 1958, and MD and pharmacology Ph.D. degrees from Case Western Reserve University in 1965. He was an early graduate of the first explicit MD/PhD program which would later lead to the development of the prestigious Medical Scientist Training Program. He then joined the University of Virginia, where he was made professor in 1970, before moving to Stanford in 1981. Murad left his tenure at Stanford in 1988 for a position at Abbott Laboratories, where he served as a vice president until starting his own biotechnology company, the Molecular Geriatrics Corporation, in 1993. The company experienced financial difficulties, and in 1997 Murad joined the University of Texas to create a new department of integrative biology, pharmacology, and physiology. Here, he was the Professor and Director Emeritus of The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Disease and held the John S. Dunn Distinguished Chair in Physiology and Medicine. In April 2011, he moved to the George Washington University as a Professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
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Fernando Balzaretti
Fernando Balzaretti (June 10, 1946 – September 5, 1998) was a late Mexican actor.
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Frank Latimore
Franklin Latimore (September 28, 1925 - November 29, 1998) was an American actor best known for his character ‘Dr. Ed Coleridge’ on the television soap opera Ryan's Hope.
Latimore's came from a well-to-do family, and was able to trace his lineage back to the Revolutionary War. He ran away from home at an early age, and shortly thereafter got the lead part in a Broadway play. His acting career had begun in the 1930s, when he and longtime pal Lloyd Bridges began doing summer stock theater at a playhouse in Weston, Vermont.
Latimore then soon went out to Hollywood, where he signed a contract with 20th Century-Fox, and proceeded to appear in such hits as In the Meantime, Darling, The Dolly Sisters, Three Little Girls in Blue, and Shock.
Latimore also played in two soap operas, Ryan's Hope and Guiding Light. As well, he did some work for PBS, most notably appearing in a film about the Civil War.
He married Rukmini Sukarno, an opera singer who was a daughter of President Sukarno of Indonesia. Their son, Chris Kline, is a journalist.
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Frank Sinatra
Francis Albert "Frank" Sinatra, /sɨˈnɑːtrə/, (December 12, 1915 – May 14, 1998) was an American singer and film actor.
Beginning his musical career in the swing era with Harry James and Tommy Dorsey, Sinatra became an unprecedentedly successful solo artist in the early to mid-1940s, after being signed to Columbia Records in 1943. Being the idol of the "bobby soxers", he released his first album, The Voice of Frank Sinatra in 1946. His professional career had stalled by the 1950s, but it was reborn in 1953 after he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in From Here to Eternity.
He signed with Capitol Records in 1953 and released several critically lauded albums (such as In the Wee Small Hours, Songs for Swingin' Lovers, Come Fly with Me, Only the Lonely and Nice 'n' Easy). Sinatra left Capitol to found his own record label, Reprise Records in 1961 (finding success with albums such as Ring-a-Ding-Ding!, Sinatra at the Sands and Francis Albert Sinatra & Antonio Carlos Jobim), toured internationally, was a founding member of the Rat Pack and fraternized with celebrities and statesmen, including John F. Kennedy. Sinatra turned 50 in 1965, recorded the retrospective September of My Years, starred in the Emmy-winning television special Frank Sinatra: A Man and His Music, and scored hits with "Strangers in the Night" and "My Way".
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Frankie Ruiz
Frankie Ruiz (March 10, 1958 - August 9, 1998) was a famous Puerto Rican salsa singer.
Born Jose Antonio Torresola Ruiz, he was born and raised in Paterson, New Jersey. His parents moved from Puerto Rico to the United States in search of a better way of life. In Paterson, Ruiz received his primary and secondary education. As a child he enjoyed singing to the tunes of salsa and as a young man joined a local band called The Charlie Lopez Orchestra. With this band he recorded his first song Salsa Buena. In 1976, Ruiz moved to Mayagüez, Puerto Rico with his mother after his parents divorced.
In Puerto Rico, Ruiz became a fan of a salsa band called La Solucion, directed by Roberto Rivera and learned all of their songs. He attended every concert and show. On one occasion, Ruiz's mother asked Rivera to give her son an opportunity to sing in the band, but to no avail. However, as fate would have it, in 1977, Ruiz was present at one of their shows where the lead singer did not show up. Rivera felt that he had no other choice but to give Ruiz a try. He was a success and was hired by Rivera. With La Solucion, Ruiz re-recorded a new version of Salsa Buena. He performed with the band for three years and recorded his first hit single La Rueda.
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Frankie Yankovic
Frankie Yankovic (July 28, 1915, Davis, West Virginia – October 14, 1998, New Port Richey, Florida) was a Grammy Award-winning polka musician. Known as "America's Polka King," Yankovic was the premier artist to play in the Slovenian style during a long and successful career.
Of Slovene descent, he was raised in South Euclid, Ohio. Yankovic released over 200 recordings in his career. In 1986 he was awarded the first ever Grammy in the Best Polka Recording category. He rarely strayed from the Slovenian-style polka, but did record with country guitarist Chet Atkins, pop singer Don Everly, and a version of the “Too Fat Polka” with comedian Drew Carey.[citation needed]
Yankovic was the son of immigrant parents. His father was a blacksmith, and his mother a cook. They met in a lumber camp in West Virginia where they both worked. At an early age the family moved to Cleveland. Young Yankovic was enthralled by the brass bands that played at the Slovenian social functions. His mother took on boarders to help with the family finances, and this included a man named Max Zelodec, who performed Slovenian tunes on a button box. Yankovic acquired an accordion at age 9, but never took lessons. By the late 1920s, in his early teenage years, he was a working musician, playing for community events. He formed a business relationship with Joe Trolli, and began making radio appearances in the 1930s, including stations WJAY and WGAR. As his reputation spread, he wanted to make phonograph records, but the major labels turned him down. Therefore, his first records were made for Yankee and Joliet, labels operated by Fred Wolf.
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Fred W. Friendly
Fred W. Friendly (October 30, 1915 – March 3, 1998) was a president of CBS News and the creator, along with Edward R. Murrow, of the documentary television program See It Now. He originated the concept of public broadcasting and played a major role in establishing the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) television.
Friendly was born Ferdinand Friendly Wachenheimer in New York City. A graduate of Nichols Business College, Friendly entered radio broadcasting in the 1930s at a radio station in Providence, Rhode Island . By the 1940s he was an experienced radio producer. It was in this role that Friendly (who had changed his name during his Providence days) first worked with Murrow on the Columbia Records historical albums, I Can Hear It Now.
The first entry in the series, released on Thanksgiving Day 1948, covered the crisis and war years 1933–1945. It was a ground-breaker in that it used clips of radio news coverage and speeches of the major events from that twelve-year time span. Friendly created the concept after noticing the new use of audiotape in regular radio news coverage, as opposed to wire or disc recordings that were an industry standard. nonetheless, Friendly periodically recreated the recordings of news events when such recordings didn't exist or were considered too chaotic to use on an album [1]. CBS correspondent David Schoenbrun, in his memoir On and Off the Air, said he once was forced by Friendly to ask Charles de Gaulle if he would recreate the speech he gave upon his return to Paris (de Gaulle refused). The recreations never were identified as such, and trying to separate the real from the recreated continues to be problematic for radio historians.
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Freddie Young
Freddie Young OBE, BSC (9 October 1902 - 1 December 1998), (sometimes credited as Frederick A. Young) was one of Britain's most distinguished and influential cinematographers. He is probably best known for his work on David Lean's films Lawrence of Arabia (1962), Doctor Zhivago (1965) and Ryan's Daughter (1970), all three of which won him Academy Awards for best cinematography.
He was also director of photography on more than 130 films, including many other notable productions, such as Goodbye, Mr Chips (1939), 49th Parallel (1941), Lust for Life (1956), The Inn of the Sixth Happiness (1958), Lord Jim (1965), Battle of Britain (1969), Nicholas and Alexandra (1971), and the James Bond film You Only Live Twice (1967). He was also the first British cinematographer to film a film in CinemaScope.
In 2003, a survey conducted by the International Cinematographers Guild placed Young among the ten most influential cinematographers in history.
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Frederick Reines
Frederick Reines (March 16, 1918 – August 26, 1998) was an American physicist. He was awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physics for his co-detection of the neutrino with Clyde Cowan in the neutrino experiment, and may be the only scientist in history "so intimately associated with the discovery of an elementary particle and the subsequent thorough investigation of its fundamental properties".
Reines was born in Paterson, New Jersey, the son of Jewish emigrants to the US from Russia and a paternal relative of the Rabbi Yitzchak Yaacov Reines, as the youngest of four children. Reines and his family moved to upstate New York, where he spent much of his childhood in a small town where his father ran a country store. Looking back, Reines said: "My early childhood memories center around this typical American country store and life in a small American town, including fourth of July celebrations marked by fireworks and patriotic music played from a pavilion bandstand."
Reines was an Eagle Scout, and also participated in singing in a chorus, performing solo roles in pieces, including Händel's Messiah. He was encouraged to take lessons with a well-known voice coach at the Metropolitan Opera, where they were provided for him free of charge, since he could not afford to pay for them.
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G. Hannelius
Genevieve Hannelius (born December 22, 1998) is an American child actress and singer, better known professionally as G. Hannelius. She has played the role as Emily in Den Brother, a Disney Channel Original Movie also starring Hutch Dano and for her co-starring role as Amy Little on Leo Little's Big Show. Hannelius is also the new voice of Rosebud in the Air Buddies movies.
Hannelius was born in Boston, Massachusetts. She moved to southern Maine at age 1. She started acting at a young age. Her theater roles include Madeline in Madeline's Rescue and Jenny in Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing with Children's Theatre of Maine and Maine State Music Theater. She moved to California for 3 months to try out auditions, and she was so successful that her family relocated permanently to Los Angeles in 2008.
Hannelius played Courtney Patterson on Surviving Suburbia. She had a recurring role on Sonny with a Chance, a Disney Channel Original Series, as Dakota Condor, a guest role on Hannah Montana as a fan named Tiffany and she has a recurring role on Good Luck Charlie as Jo Keener. Hannelius is an alumna of the Los Angeles-based Young Actor's Studio. She played Madeline in the Children's Theater of Maine's production of Madeline's Rescue in summer 2002. She also played Emily Pearson in Den Brother in 2010, and was the voice talent of Rosebud in the new 2011 Spooky Buddies. She is set to play "Wednesday Malone" on the new Disney Channel show Madison High coming in 2012. In April 2011, she released her first and second song "Staying Up All Night" and "Just Watch Me" on iTunes. G also wrote a song for a close friend called "Two In A Billion".[citation needed] G is currently an unsigned artist.
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Gene Evans
Gene Evans (July 11, 1922 - April 1, 1998) was an American actor.
He was born in Holbrook, Arizona, but reared in Colton, California. His acting career began while he was serving in World War II. He performed with a theatrical troupe of GIs in Europe. Evans made his film debut in 1947 and appeared in dozens of movies and television programs. He specialized in playing tough guys like cowboys, sheriffs, convicts and sergeants.
Evans appeared in numerous films produced, directed, and written by Samuel Fuller. In his memoirs A Third Face, Fuller described meeting Evans when casting his Korean War film The Steel Helmet in 1950. Fuller threw an M1 Garand rifle at Evans, who caught it and inspected it as a soldier would have done. Evans had been a U.S. Army engineer in the war.[which?] Fuller kept Evans and refused John Wayne for the role. and fighting to keep him despite Robert L. Lippert and his partner wanting Larry Parks for the role. Fuller walked off the film and would not return until Evans was reinstated. Evans also appeared in Fuller's Fixed Bayonets!, Hell and High Water, Shock Corridor and lost thirty pounds to play the lead in Park Row.[citation needed]
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Gene Raymond
Gene Raymond (August 13, 1908 – May 2, 1998) was an American film, television, and stage actor of the 1930s and 1940s. In addition to acting, Raymond was also a composer, writer, director, producer, and decorated military pilot.
Raymond was born Raymond Guion on August 13, 1908 in New York City. He attended the Professional Children's School while appearing in productions like Rip Van Winkle and Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch. His Broadway debut, at age 17, was in The Cradle Snatchers which ran two years. (The cast included Mary Boland, Edna May Oliver, and a young Humphrey Bogart.)
His screen debut was in Personal Maid (1931). Another early appearance was in the multi-director If I Had a Million with W. C. Fields and Charles Laughton. With his blond good looks, classic profile, and youthful exuberance — plus a name change to the more pronounceable "Gene Raymond" — he scored in films like the classic Zoo in Budapest with Loretta Young, and a series of light RKO musicals, mostly with Ann Sothern. He wrote a number of songs, including the popular "Will You?" which he sang to Sothern in Smartest Girl In Town (1936). His wife, Jeanette MacDonald, sang several of his more classical pieces in her concerts and recorded one entitled "Let Me Always Sing".
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George H. Hitchings
George Herbert Hitchings (April 18, 1905 – February 27, 1998) was an American doctor who shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Sir James Black and Gertrude Elion "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment," Hitchings specifically for his work on chemotherapy.
Hitchings was born in Hoquiam, Washington, in 1905, and grew up there, in Berkeley, California, San Diego, Bellingham, Washington, and Seattle. He graduated from Seattle's Franklin High School, where he was salutatorian, in 1923, and from there went to the University of Washington, from which he graduated with a degree in chemistry cum laude in 1927, after having been elected to Phi Beta Kappa as a junior the year before. That summer, he worked at the university's Puget Sound Biological Station at Friday Harbor on San Juan Island [1], and received a master's degree the next year for his thesis based on that work.
From the University of Washington, Hitchings went to Harvard University as a teaching fellow, ending up at Harvard Medical School. Before getting his Ph.D. in 1933, he joined Alpha Chi Sigma in 1929. During the next ten years, he would work at Harvard and Case Western Reserve University. In 1942, he went to work for Wellcome Research Laboratories, where he began working with Gertrude Elion in 1944. Drugs Hitchings' team worked on included 2,6-diaminopurine (a compound to treat leukemia) and p-chlorophenoxy-2,4-diaminopyrimidine (a folic acid antagonist). According to his Nobel Prize autobiography,
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George Howard (jazz)
George Howard (September 15, 1956 – March 20, 1998) was an American Jazz-Funk/ Fusion /Smooth Jazz soprano saxophonist.
Howard was born September 15, 1956 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In the late 1970s, he began touring with Grover Washington, Jr., who was one of his idols. In the early 1980s, Howard released his first and second studio albums, Asphalt Gardens and Steppin' Out. Both albums were well received and ranked high on the Billboard magazine jazz album charts at number 25 and 9, respectively.
By 1985, Howard's third album, Dancing in the Sun, had scaled the Billboard Jazz Album chart to number 1. Each of his next three albums, Love Will Follow, A Nice Place to Be and Reflections would also reach this height in the Jazz Album chart. After the success of Dancing in the Sun, Howard left the label GRP Records in order to join MCA through the 1988 release of Reflections. However, he returned to GRP Records in 1990 and released Love Will Follow in 1991. He stayed with GRP until his death of lymphoma on March 22, 1998. His final album, There's a Riot Goin' On was released posthumously (one month after his death) on April 21 by Blue Note Records.
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George Wallace
George Corley Wallace (August 25, 1919 – September 13, 1998) was an American politician and the 45th governor of Alabama, having served four nonconsecutive terms: 1963–1967, 1971–1979 and 1983–1987. After four runs for U.S. president (three as a Democrat and one on the American Independent Party ticket), he earned the title, "the most influential loser" in 20th-century U.S. politics, according to biographers Dan T. Carter and Stephan Lesher.
A 1972 assassination attempt left Wallace paralyzed, and he used a wheelchair for the remainder of his life. He is remembered for his Southern populist andsegregationist attitudes during the desegregation period, convictions that he renounced later in life. Wallace said that he did not wish to meet his Maker with unforgiven sin.
The first of four children, Wallace was born in Clio in Barbour County in southeastern Alabama, to George Corley Wallace, Sr., and the former Mozell Smith. He was the third of four generations to bear the name "George Wallace," but as neither parent liked the designation "Junior", he was called "George C." to distinguish him from his father, George, and his grandfather, a physician. Wallace's father had left college to pursue a life of farming when prices were high during World War I; Mozell had to sell their farmland to pay existing mortgages when George, Sr., died in 1937. Like his parents, Wallace was a Methodist.
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Ghulam Ahmed
Ghulam Ahmed pronunciation (help·info) (4 July 1922 in Hyderabad, India – 28 October 1998, Hyderabad, India) was an off spin bowler, who captained India in Test cricket. After his retirement, he served for many years as the secretary of BCCI.
He was the uncle of the former Pakistan captain Asif Iqbal.
He was the great-uncle of Indian Tennis star Sania Mirza.
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Hakim Mohammed Said
Sir Hakim Muhammad Said (Urdu: حکیم محمد سعید; January 9, 1920 - October 17, 1998, NI, PhD), was a prominent and world acclaimed medical researcher, scholar, philanthropist, and a former Governor of Sindh Province of Pakistan from 1993 until 1996. Said was one of Pakistan's most renowned medical researchers in the field of eastern medicines. He established the Hamdard Foundation in 1948, prior to his settlement in West-Pakistan.
In a few years time, the herbal medical products of Hamdard Foundation became household names in Pakistan. Hakim Muhammad Said authored and compiled about 200 books in medicines, philosophy, science, health, religion, natural medicine, literary, social, and travelogues.On October 17 in 1998, Said was assassinated by a group of unknown assailants while he was on his way to attend a medical experiment at the Hamdard Laboratories.
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Halldór Laxness
Halldór Kiljan Laxness [ˈhaltour ˈcʰɪljan ˈlaxsnɛs] ( listen) (born Halldór Guðjónsson) (23 April 1902 – 8 February 1998) was a twentieth-century Icelandic writer. Throughout his career Laxness wrote poetry, newspaper articles, plays, travelogues, short stories, and novels. Major influences on his writings include August Strindberg, Sigmund Freud, Sinclair Lewis, Upton Sinclair, Bertolt Brecht and Ernest Hemingway. He is the only Icelander to have won a Nobel Prize (Literature in 1955).
Laxness was born under the name Halldór Guðjónsson (following the tradition of Icelandic patronymics) in Reykjavik in 1902, the son of Guðjón Helgason and Sigríður Halldórsdóttir. After spending his early years in Reykjavik, he moved with his family in 1905 to Laxnes near Mosfellsbær, a more rural area just north of the capital. He soon started to read books and write stories. At the age of 14 his first article was published in the newspaper Morgunblaðið under the name "H.G." His first book, the novel Barn náttúrunnar (translated Child of Nature), was published in 1919. At the time of its publication he had already begun his travels on the European continent.
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Hammond Innes
Ralph Hammond Innes (15 July 1913 – 10 June 1998) was a British novelist who wrote over 30 novels, as well as children's and travel books. He was married to fellow author and actress Dorothy Mary Lang in 1937 who died before him, in 1989. He was awarded a C.B.E. (Commander, Order of the British Empire) in 1978. The World Mystery Convention honoured Innes with a Lifetime Achievement Award at the Bouchercon XXIV awards in Omaha, Nebraska, Oct, 1993.
Innes was born in Horsham, Sussex, and educated at the Cranbrook School in Kent. He left in 1931 to work as a journalist, initially with the Financial Times (at the time called the Financial News). The Doppelganger, his first novel, was published in 1937. In WWII he served in the Royal Artillery, eventually rising to the rank of Major. During the war, a number of his books were published, including Wreckers Must Breathe (1940), The Trojan Horse (1941) and Attack Alarm (1941); the last of which was based on his experiences as an anti-aircraft gunner during the Battle of Britain at RAF Kenley. After being demobbed in 1946, he worked full-time as a writer, achieving a number of early successes. His novels are notable for a fine attention to accurate detail in descriptions of places, such as in Air Bridge (1951), set partially at RAF Gatow, RAF Membury after its closure and RAF Wunstorf during the Berlin Airlift.
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Harry Caray
Harry Caray, born Harry Christopher Carabina (March 1, 1914 – February 18, 1998), was an American baseball broadcaster on radio and television. He covered four Major League Baseball teams, beginning with a long tenure calling the games of the St. Louis Cardinals, then the Oakland Athletics (for one year) and the Chicago White Sox (for eleven years), before ending his career as the announcer for the Chicago Cubs.
Caray was born Harry Christopher Carabina of Italian and Romanian parentage in one of the poorest sections of St. Louis. He was an infant when his father died. His Romanian mother, Daisy Argint, remarried, but after her death when Caray was just eight, he went to live with his aunt Doxie at 1909 LaSalle Street in a tough, working-class section of St. Louis. As a young man, Caray played baseball at the semi-pro level for a short time before auditioning for a radio job at the age of 19. He then spent a few years learning the trade at radio stations in Joliet, Illinois, and Kalamazoo, Michigan. Caray did play-by-play for the St. Louis Hawks professional basketball team (now the Atlanta Hawks) and the University of Missouri football team, and he announced three Cotton Bowl games.
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Hazel Bishop
Hazel Gladys Bishop (August 17, 1906 – December 5, 1998) was a chemist and the founder of the cosmetics company Hazel Bishop, Inc. She is also the inventor of the first long lasting lipstick.
She was born in Hoboken, New Jersey, one of two children of businessman Henry Bishop and his wife Mabel. Her father was a keen entrepreneur: 'The family talk around the dinner table always concerned business.' She attended Barnard College in New York. In 1929, she graduated from Barnard College with a degree in Chemistry. She began taking undergraduate courses at Columbia University. In 1935, she worked at the College of Physicians and Surgeons with A.B. Cannon.
In 1942, she worked as an organic chemist for Standard Oil Development Company, designing fuels for airplanes during World War II. In 1945, she joined the Socony Vacuum Oil Company.
Bishop was inspired by A.B. Cannon, and begun conducting experiments in her own time. She hoped to own a business. She thought of a smudge-proof, long lasting lipstick that won't smear on clothing or cups.
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Helen Wills Moody
Helen Newington Wills Roark (October 6, 1905 – January 1, 1998), also known as Helen Wills Moody, was an American tennis player. She has been described as "the first American born woman to achieve international celebrity as an athlete."
She was born Helen Newington Wills in Centerville, California and attended the University of California, Berkeley.
She married Frederick Moody in December 1929. She won approximately one-half of her major championships as Helen Wills and one-half as Helen Wills Moody. Wills divorced Moody in 1937 and married Aidan Roark in October 1939. She died on January 1, 1998, aged 92.
Wills won 31 Grand Slam tournament titles (singles, women's doubles, and mixed doubles) during her career, including seven singles titles at the U.S. Championships, eight singles titles at Wimbledon, and four singles titles at the French Championships. Excluding her defaults at the French Championships and Wimbledon in 1926, she reached at least the final of each Grand Slam singles event she played during her career. She never played at the Australian Championships.
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Henny Youngman
Henry "Henny" Youngman (originally German surname Junggman) (March 16, 1906 – February 24, 1998) was a British-American comedian and violinist famous for "one-liners", short, simple jokes usually delivered rapid-fire. His best known one-liner was "Take my wife—please."
In a time when many comedians told elaborate anecdotes, Youngman’s comedy routine consisted of telling simple one-liner jokes, occasionally with interludes of violin playing. These gags depicted simple, cartoon-like situations, eliminating lengthy build-ups and going straight to the punch line. He was known as the King of the One Liners, a title bestowed upon him by columnist Walter Winchell. A typical stage performance by Youngman lasted only fifteen to twenty minutes, but contained dozens of jokes, delivered in rapid-fire fashion.
Youngman was born to a Jewish family in Liverpool,[dubious – discuss] England, and his family moved to Brooklyn, New York, when he was young. He grew up in New York City, and his career as a comedian began after he had worked for a number of years at a print shop, where he penned and published a large number of “comedy cards”—cards containing one-line gags that were sold at the shop. The comedy cards were discovered by up-and-coming professional comedian Milton Berle, who encouraged Youngman and formed a close working friendship with him. Berle quipped about his friend, "The only thing funnier than Henny's jokes is his violin playing."
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Hermann Prey
Hermann Prey (11 July 1929 – 22 July 1998) was a German lyric baritone, best known for his lieder renditions and for light comic roles in opera.
Hermann Prey was born in Berlin and grew up in Germany. He was scheduled to be drafted when World War II ended. He studied voice at the Hochschule für Musik in Berlin and won the prize of the Frankfurt contest of the Hessischer Rundfunk in 1952.
He began to sing in song recitals and made his operatic debut the next year in Wiesbaden. He joined the Staatsoper, where he sang until 1960. During his last years in Hamburg, he also made frequent guest appearances elsewhere, including the Salzburg Festival.
He sang frequently at the Metropolitan Opera between 1960 and 1970 and made his Bayreuth debut in 1965. Although he often sang Verdi early in his career, he later concentrated more on Mozart and Richard Strauss. Prey was well known for playing Figaro (Mozart and Rossini), but he played other Mozart roles at least equally often, particularly Papageno and Guglielmo. He also played, and recorded, the Count in The Marriage of Figaro. He is regarded by many as the best Eisenstein in Die Fledermaus operetta.
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Hermann Wedekind
Hermann Wedekind (July 18, 1910, Coesfeld, Westphalia - January 16, 1998, Wadern) was an artistic director at Festspiele Balver Höhle in the years 1985 - 1996.
Formerly he was a theatre director in Saarbrücken where he met Oskar Lafontaine. The director Michael Wedekind is a son of Hermann Wedekind.
Hermann Wedekind was director of the Stadttheater, Basel in 1955-56
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Hide (musician)
Hideto Matsumoto (松本 秀人, Matsumoto Hideto?, December 13, 1964 – May 2, 1998), known exclusively by his stage name hide (written in all capital letters when he was with X Japan and in all lowercase letters when solo), was a popular Japanese visual kei rock musician. He was primarily known for his work as lead guitarist of the heavy metal band X Japan from 1987 to 1997. He was also a successful solo artist and co-founder of the United States based band Zilch.
hide was born in St. Joseph's Hospital in Midorigaoka, Japan, on December 13, 1964 and went on to attend Yokosuka Tokiwa Junior High School. He was first exposed to rock music at the age of fifteen, through the album Alive II by Kiss. That same year his grandmother bought him his first electric guitar, a Gibson Les Paul Deluxe.
On March 11, 1980, hide graduated from Tokiwa Junior High School. He then entered Zushi Kaisei Senior High School in Zushi, Kanagawa, where he entered the school's brass band as a club activity. He quit the band after a short time because he was assigned the clarinet while he wanted to play the trumpet. After this, he concentrated on guitar and in 1981 formed the band Saber Tiger. A year after their founding, they started playing shows at live houses in Yokosuka, such as Rock City.
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Hubert Humphrey
Hubert Horatio Humphrey, Jr. (May 27, 1911 – January 13, 1978), served under President Lyndon B. Johnson as the 38th Vice President of the United States.
Humphrey twice served as a United States Senator from Minnesota, and served as Democratic Majority Whip. He was a founder of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party and Americans for Democratic Action. He also served as Mayor of Minneapolis, Minnesota from 1945 to 1949. Humphrey was the nominee of the Democratic Party in the 1968 presidential election but lost to the Republican nominee, Richard Nixon.
Humphrey was born in a room over his father's drugstore in Wallace, South Dakota. He was the son of Hubert Humphrey, Sr. (1882–1949) and Ragnild Kristine Sannes (1883–1973), a Norwegian immigrant. Humphrey spent most of his youth in Doland, South Dakota, on the Dakota prairie; the town's population was about 700 people when he lived there. His father was a pharmacist who served as mayor and a town-council member. In the late 1920s a severe economic downturn hit Doland; both of the town's banks closed and Humphrey's father struggled to keep his drugstore open.
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Hugo Chávez
Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈuɣo rafaˈel ˈtʃaβes ˈfɾi.as]; born 28 July 1954) is the current President of Venezuela, having held that position since 1999. He was formerly the leader of the Fifth Republic Movement political party from its foundation in 1997 until 2007, when he became the leader of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV). Following his own political ideology of Bolivarianism and "Socialism for the 21st Century", he has focused on implementing socialist reforms in the country as a part of a social project known as the Bolivarian Revolution, which has seen the implementation of a new constitution, participatory democratic councils and the nationalisation of several key industries.
Born into a working class family in Sabaneta, Barinas, Chávez became a career military officer, and after becoming dissatisfied with the Venezuelan political system, he founded the secretive Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 (MBR-200) in the early 1980s to work towards overthrowing it. Chávez led the MBR-200 in an unsuccessful coup d'état against the Democratic Action government of President Carlos Andrés Pérez government in 1992, for which he was imprisoned. Getting out of prison after two years, he founded a social democratic political party, the Fifth Republic Movement, and was elected president of Venezuela in 1998. He subsequently introduced a new constitution which increased rights for marginalised groups and altered the structure of Venezuelan government, and was re-elected in 2000. During his second presidential term, he introduced a system of Bolivarian Missions, Communal Councils and worker-managed cooperatives, as well as a program of land reform, whilst also nationalising various key industries.
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Hurd Hatfield
William Rukard Hurd Hatfield (December 7, 1917 – December 26, 1998) was an American actor.
The son of William Henry Hatfield (died 1954), an attorney who served as deputy attorney general for New York, and his wife, the former Adele Steele, Hatfield was born in New York City, and was educated at Columbia University before travelling to London, England where he studied drama and began acting in theater. He returned to America for his film debut in Dragon Seed (1944).
Though Hatfield's first film was Dragon Seed (1944), in which he and his co-stars (Katharine Hepburn, Akim Tamiroff, Aline MacMahon, Turhan Bey) portrayed Chinese peasants, it was his second film, The Picture of Dorian Gray (1945), that made him a star. As Oscar Wilde's ageless anti-hero, Hatfield received widespread acclaim for his good looks as much as for his acting ability. However, the actor was ambivalent about the role and his performance. "The film didn't make me popular in Hollywood," he commented later. "It was too odd, too avant- garde, too ahead of its time. The decadence, the hints of bisexuality and so on, made me a leper! Nobody knew I had a sense of humour, and people wouldn't even have lunch with me."[1]
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Irene Vernon
Irene Vernon (January 16, 1922 - April 21, 1998) was an American actress.
Vernon was born as Irene Vergauwen in Mishawaka, Indiana. Her career began with small uncredited roles in 1940s movies. Vernon ended her movie career in 1952, but during the 1950s, she began performing television roles.
Throughout the early 1950s, Vernon guest starred in shows such as Fireside Theater, The Lone Ranger, Danger, Flight, and The Donna Reed Show. It wasn't until 1964 that Vernon got her most memorable role as Louise Tate on the hit television series Bewitched. Vernon held the role until 1966.
After writer Danny Arnold left the series, the producers, actress Elizabeth Montgomery and Montgomery's husband, director William Asher, reportedly pressured Vernon to leave the show also due to her friendship with Arnold (although the official reason given was that Vernon's husband was ill), according to IMDb. The role of Louise Tate was later taken over by Kasey Rogers.
Irene Rosenberg (as she was known at the time of her death) died on April 21, 1998, in South Bend, Indiana, aged 76, from undisclosed causes.
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J. T. Walsh
James Thomas Patrick "J.T." Walsh (September 28, 1943 – February 27, 1998) was an American character actor. He appeared in many well-known films, including Nixon, Hoffa, A Few Good Men, Backdraft, Miracle on 34th Street, Outbreak, Breakdown, Pleasantville, and Good Morning, Vietnam. Walsh was known for his roles as "quietly sinister white-collar sleazeballs" (quote from Leonard Maltin) in numerous feature films, and was described as "everybody's favorite scumbag" by Playboy magazine.
Walsh was born in San Francisco, California. He had three siblings, Christopher, Patricia and Mary. From 1948 to 1955, the family lived in West Germany before moving to Ireland. After studying at Clongowes Wood College in Ireland, Walsh attended the University of Rhode Island, where he starred in many college theater productions. In 1974, he was discovered by a director and began working in off-Broadway shows.
Walsh did not appear in feature films until 1983, when he had a minor role in Eddie Macon's Run. Over the next 15 years, he played in over 50 feature films, increasingly taking the bad guy role for which he is well known, such as the loudly irascible Sergeant Major Dickerson in Good Morning, Vietnam.
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Jack Lord
John Joseph Patrick Ryan (December 30, 1920 – January 21, 1998), best known by his stage name Jack Lord, was an American television, film, and Broadway actor. He was known for his starring role as Steve McGarrett in the American television program Hawaii Five-O from 1968 to 1980. Lord appeared in feature films earlier in his career, among them Man of the West (1958). He was the first actor to play recurring character Felix Leiter, in Dr. No, the first James Bond film.
Born in Brooklyn, New York, Lord was the son of Irish-American parents. His father, William Lawrence Ryan, was a steamship company executive. He grew up in Morris Park (now known as Richmond Hill), Queens, New York.
Young Lord developed his equestrian skills on his mother's fruit farm in the Hudson River Valley. He started spending summers at sea, and from the deck of cargo ships, painted and sketched the landscapes he encountered — Africa, the Mediterranean and China. He was educated at St. Benedict Joseph Labre School,John Adams High School, in Ozone Park, New York, and the United States Merchant Marine Academy, then located at Fort Trumbull in New London, Connecticut, graduating as an Ensign with a Third Mates License. He attended New York University (NYU) on a football scholarship, and earned a degree in Fine Arts.
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Jackie McGlew
Derrick John "Jackie" McGlew, born on 11 March 1929, Pietermaritzburg and died at Pretoria on 8 June 1998 was a cricketer who played for Natal and South Africa. He was educated at Merchiston Preparatory School and Maritzburg College, where he was Head Dayboy Prefect and captain of both cricket and rugby in 1948.
An opening batsman with fabled powers of adhesion, suiting his name, McGlew set records in the 1950s for slow scoring. But though his tenacity brought criticism — even from Wisden — he was the linchpin around which the strong South African cricket team of the 1950s was built.
McGlew was picked for the 1951 tour to England on the strength of a century in a 12-a-side match, and was not a success in his two Test matches. But within 18 months, he was both a fixture in the Test side and vice-captain as South Africa held the strong Australians to a series draw in 1952-53. And in the same season he hit what was then South Africa's highest Test innings, an undefeated 255, against New Zealand at Wellington.
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Jaden Smith
Jaden Christopher Syre Smith (born July 8, 1998) is an American child actor, rapper, songwriter, dancer, and the son of Will Smith and Jada Pinkett Smith. He is the elder brother of singer Willow Smith. His breakthrough role was in the 2006 film The Pursuit of Happyness, and he has also starred in the remakes of The Day the Earth Stood Still and The Karate Kid.
Jaden made a cameo along with his older brother Trey Smith in the 2002 sequel of Men in Black. Smith then made his major role debut in the 2006 film The Pursuit of Happyness as Christopher, the son of Will Smith's character, Chris Gardner. For his role, Smith won the award for the Best Breakthrough Performance at the 2007 MTV Movie Awards. At the 79th Academy Awards, Smith presented the award for the Best Animated Short and the Best Live Action Short, along with acting nominee Abigail Breslin. Smith next appeared as Jacob in the 2008 Scott Derrickson science fiction film, The Day the Earth Stood Still, a remake of the 1951 classic of the same name
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James Goldman
James Goldman (June 30, 1927 – October 28, 1998) was an American screenwriter and playwright, and the brother of screenwriter and novelist William Goldman.
He was born in Chicago, Illinois, and grew up primarily in Highland Park, Illinois, a Chicago suburb. He is most noted as the author of The Lion in Winter and author of the book for the Broadway musical Follies.
Goldman died from a heart attack in New York City, where he had lived for many years.
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Jean Marais
Jean-Alfred Villain-Marais (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ maʁɛ]; 11 December 1913 – 8 November 1998), was a French actor and director.
A native of Cherbourg, France, Marais starred in several movies directed by Jean Cocteau, for a time his lover and a lifelong friend, most famously Beauty and the Beast (1946) and Orphée (1949). Marais played over 100 roles in film and on television, and also was known for work in other areas of artistic expression, such as writing, painting and sculpture.
In the 1950s, Marais became a star of swashbuckling pictures, enjoying great box office popularity in France. He performed his own stunts. In the 1960s, he played the famed villain of the Fantômas trilogy. After 1970, Marais's on-screen performances became few and far between, as he preferred concentrating on his stage work. He kept performing on stage until his eighties, also working as a sculptor. In 1985, he was the head of the jury at the 35th Berlin International Film Festival.
He was featured in the 1995 documentary "Screening at the Majestic", which is included on the 2003 DVD release of the restored print of Beauty and the Beast. Marais appears on the cover sleeve of The Smiths single This Charming Man.
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Jeanette Nolan
Jeanette Nolan (December 30, 1911 – June 5, 1998) was an American radio, film and television actress. Nolan was nominated for four Emmy Awards.
Born in Los Angeles, California, Nolan was a graduate of Abraham Lincoln High School in Los Angeles.
Nolan began her acting career at the Pasadena Playhouse in Pasadena, California, and, while a student at Los Angeles City College, made her radio debut in 1932 in Omar Khayyam, the first transcontinental broadcast from station KHJ, and continued acting until the 1990s. She made her film debut as Lady Macbeth in Orson Welles's 1948 film Macbeth, based on Shakespeare's play of the same name. Despite the fact that she and the film received withering reviews at the time, Nolan's film career flourished in largely supporting roles. Viewers of film noir may know her best as the corrupt wife of a dead (and equally corrupt) police officer in Fritz Lang's The Big Heat. Her final film appearance was in Robert Redford's The Horse Whisperer as Robert Redford's mother.
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John Derek
John Derek (August 12, 1926 – May 22, 1998) was an American actor, director and photographer.
Derek was born Derek Delevan Harris in Hollywood, California. His good looks quickly got him supporting roles, most notably as Broderick Crawford's son in All the King's Men (1949), but he also enjoyed leads such as "Nick Romano" in Knock on Any Door (1949) opposite Humphrey Bogart (who told him, "You look great, but kid, that's not enough"), "Brock Mitchell" in Fury at Showdown, and as Robin Hood in Rogues of Sherwood Forest (1950) with Alan Hale. He played Joshua in The Ten Commandments (1956).
He also was a film director. He directed his wives, Ursula Andress, in two movies, and Linda Evans in one. His best known films as a director are those he directed with his fourth wife, Bo Derek (she starred in four of his movies). The 1990 film Ghosts Can't Do It was his last film in the director's chair.[citation needed]
He was first married to actress Pati Behrs, née Pati Behrs Eristoff (February 13, 1922 — July 10, 2004). Behrs was a Russian-born American actress, a grandniece of Leo Tolstoy. She was married to Derek from 1951-57. They had two children, Russell and Sean Catherine Derek. John Derek took photos of all three of his subsequent wives (at different times) for Playboy magazine.
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John Pople
Sir John Anthony Pople, KBE, FRS, (October 31, 1925 – March 15, 2004) was a Nobel-Prize winning theoretical chemist. Born in Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England, he attended Bristol Grammar School. He won a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge in 1943. He received his B. A. in 1946. Between 1945 and 1947 he worked at the Bristol Aeroplane Company. He then returned to Cambridge University and was awarded his doctorate degree in mathematics in 1951. He moved to the United States of America in 1964, where he lived the rest of his life, though he retained British citizenship. Pople considered himself more of a mathematician than a chemist, but theoretical chemists consider him one of the most important of their number.
His scientific contributions are in four different areas:
His early paper on the statistical mechanics of water, according to Michael J. Frisch, "remained the standard for many years. This was his thesis topic for his Ph D at Cambridge supervised by John Lennard-Jones.
In the early days of nuclear magnetic resonance he studied the underlying theory, and in 1959 he coauthored the text book High Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance with W.G. Schneider and H.J. Bernstein.
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Jon Postel
Jonathan Bruce Postel ( /pəˈstɛl/; August 6, 1943 – October 16, 1998) was an American computer scientist who made many significant contributions to the development of the Internet, particularly with respect to standards. He is known principally for being the Editor of the Request for Comment (RFC) document series, and for administering the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) until his death.
The Internet Society's Postel Award is named in his honor, as is the Postel Center at Information Sciences Institute. His obituary was written by Vint Cerf and published as RFC 2468 in remembrance of Postel and his work. In 2012, Postel was inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame by the Internet Society.
Postel attended Van Nuys High School.
Postel attended UCLA where he earned his B.S. (1966) as well as his M.A. (1968) in Engineering. Attending UCLA, he completed his Ph.D. in Computer Science in 1974. His PhD. thesis advisor was Dave Farber.
While at UCLA, he was involved in early work on the ARPANET. He worked briefly at Mitre Corporation, then helped set up the Network Information Center at SRI. In March 1977 he joined the Information Sciences Institute at the University of Southern California, where he spent the rest of his career. Postel was the RFC Editor from 1969 until his death, and wrote and edited many important RFCs, including RFC 791, RFC 792 and RFC 793, which define the basic protocols of the Internet protocol suite, and RFC 2223, Instructions to RFC Authors. He wrote or co-authored more than 200 RFCs.
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Jorge Russek
Jorge Russek (January 4, 1932 – July 30, 1998) was a Mexican actor. He died of a heart attack on July 30, 1998.
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Joseph Estrada
Joseph "Erap" Ejercito Estrada (born Jose Marcelo Ejercito on April 19, 1937) was the 13th President of the Philippines, serving from 1998 until 2001. Estrada was the first person in the Post-EDSA era to be elected both to the presidency and vice-presidency.
Estrada gained popularity as a film actor, playing the lead role in over 100 films in an acting career spanning 33 years. He used his popularity as an actor to make gains in politics, serving as mayor of San Juan for seventeen years, as Senator for one term, then as Vice President of the Philippines under the administration of President Fidel Ramos.
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Joseph Maher
Joseph Maher (December 29, 1933 – July 17, 1998) was an Irish character actor who appeared in 43 films and was nominated for three Tony Awards and a Drama Desk Award for his supporting roles on the stage.
Maher was born in Westport, County Mayo, Ireland, the son of Delia A. (née O'Malley) and Joseph Maher, a schoolteacher. One of ten children, he was educated by the Irish Christian Brothers.
Maher's Broadway theatre credits include The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie, King Henry V, The Royal Family, Night and Day, and Loot.
Maher's film credits included For Pete's Sake, Heaven Can Wait, Just Tell Me What You Want, I'm Dancing as Fast as I Can, The Evil That Men Do, My Stepmother is an Alien, Sister Act, Funny Farm, I.Q., In & Out and The Out-of-Towners.
Maher died of a brain tumor at his home in Los Angeles, California, on July 17, 1998.
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José Enrique Moyal
José Enrique Moyal (also known as Jo or Joe Moyal) (born 1 October 1910 in Jerusalem, then in the Ottoman Empire and soon to devolve to the Mandate for Palestine; died 22 May 1998 in Canberra, Australia) was a mathematical physicist who contributed to aeronautical engineering, electrical engineering and statistics, among other fields. He helped to establish the phase space formulation of quantum mechanics in 1949 by bringing together the ideas of Hermann Weyl, John von Neumann, Eugene Wigner, and Hip Groenewold.
This formulation is statistical in nature and makes logical connections between quantum mechanics and classical statistical mechanics, enabling a natural comparison between the two formulations.
Weyl quantization is a synonym for "Moyal Quantization", or "Phase Space Quantization," and largely avoids use of operators for quantum mechanical observables prevalent in the canonical formulation. Quantum-mechanical evolution in phase space is specified by a Moyal bracket.
He was a professor of mathematics at Macquarie University and a colleague of John Clive Ward at the former School of Mathematics and Physics, having previously worked at Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois.
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José Saramago
José de Sousa Saramago, GColSE (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈzɛ sɐɾɐˈmaɣu]; (16 November 1922 – 18 June 2010) was a Portuguese novelist, poet, playwright, journalist and recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature. His works, some of which can be seen as allegories, commonly present subversive perspectives on historic events, emphasizing the human factor. Harold Bloom has described Saramago as "a permanent part of the Western canon".
Awarded the 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature, more than two million copies of Saramago's books have been sold in Portugal alone and his work has been translated into 25 languages. He founded the National Front for the Defence of Culture (Lisbon, 1992) with Freitas-Magalhães and others. A proponent of libertarian communism, Saramago came into conflict with some groups, such as the Catholic Church. Saramago was an atheist who defended love as an instrument to improve the human condition.
In 1992, the Portuguese government, under Prime Minister Aníbal Cavaco Silva, ordered the removal of The Gospel According to Jesus Christ from the European Literary Prize's shortlist, claiming the work was religiously offensive. Disheartened by this political censorship of his work, Saramago went into exile on the Spanish island of Lanzarote, upon which he resided until his death in 2010.
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Jozef Kroner
Jozef Kroner (* 20 March 1924, Staškov – † 12 March 1998, Bratislava) was a Slovak actor. His brother Ľudovít Kroner, daughter Zuzana Kronerová, and wife Terézia Hurbanová-Kronerová were actors, too. He starred in the Oscar-winning film The Shop on Main Street, and in more than 50 other Slovak films, as well as in several Czech, Bulgarian and Hungarian productions. He never studied acting, his career started in amateur theater troupes.
His biography Jozef Kroner's Tracks (Trate Jozefa Kronera) was produced by director Fero Fenič in 1987. Jozef Kroner is also an author of several mostly autobiographic books.
Since 2001, Jozef Kroner Awards are presented annually by the Jozef Kroner Foundation, established after the death of the artist.
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Judge Dread
Alexander Minto Hughes (2 May 1945 - 13 March 1998), better known as Judge Dread, was an English reggae and ska musician. He was the first white recording artist to have a reggae hit in Jamaica, and the BBC has banned more of his songs than any other recording artist due to his frequent use of sexual innuendo and double entendres.
Hughes was introduced to Jamaican music when he lodged as a teenager in a West Indian household in Brixton, South West London. He met Jamaican artists Derrick Morgan and Prince Buster through his job as a bouncer at London nightclubs such as the Ram Jam in Brixton, and through another job as a bodyguard. After a brief spell as a professional wrestler (performing under the name "The Masked Executioner"), and as a debt collector for Trojan Records, he worked as a DJ on local radio and ran his own sound system.
When Prince Buster had a big underground hit in 1969 with "Big 5", Hughes capitalized on it with the recording of his own "Big Six", based on Verne & Son's "Little Boy Blue", which was picked up by Trojan boss Lee Gopthal, and released on Trojan's 'Big Shot' record label under the stage name Judge Dread, the name taken from another of Prince Buster's songs. "Big Six" reached #11 in the UK Singles Chart in 1972, selling over 300,000 copies and spending six months on the chart, despite getting no radio airplay due to its lyrics. Further hit singles followed with "Big Seven" (co-written by Rupie Edwards) and "Big Eight" — both following the pattern of lewd versions of nursery rhymes over a reggae backing — as well as "Y Viva Suspenders" and "Up With The Cock".
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Julian Lincoln Simon
Julian Lincoln Simon (February 12, 1932 – February 8, 1998) was a professor of business administration at the University of Maryland and a Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute at the time of his death, after previously serving as a longtime business professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Simon wrote many books and articles, mostly on economic subjects. He is best known for his work on population, natural resources, and immigration. His work covers cornucopian views on lasting economic benefits from natural resources and continuous population growth, even despite limited or finite physical resources, empowered by human ingenuity, substitutes, and technological progress. His works are also cited by libertarians against government regulation.[citation needed] He died at the age of 65 of a heart attack in Chevy Chase, Maryland.
He is also known for the famous Simon–Ehrlich wager, a bet he made with ecologist Paul R. Ehrlich. Ehrlich bet that the prices for five metals would increase over a decade, while Simon took the opposite stance. Simon won the bet, as the prices for the metals sharply declined during that decade.
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Julien Green
Julien Green (September 6, 1900 – August 13, 1998), was an American writer, who authored several novels, including Léviathan and Each in His Own Darkness. He wrote primarily in French and was the first non-French national to be elected to the Académie française.
Julian Hartridge Green was born to American parents in Paris, a descendant on his mother's side of a Confederate Senator, Julian Hartridge (1829–1879), who later served as a Democratic Representative from Georgia to the US Congress, and who was Julien Green's namesake. (Green was christened "Julian", the spelling was changed by his French publisher in the 1920s to "Julien".)[citation needed]
The youngest of eight children born to Protestant parents. He had a very puritanical and overprotective upbringing, his mother being extremely sexually repressive (later Green would grow into an anguished and egodystonic homosexual). Green became a Roman Catholic in 1916, two years after his mother's death.The following year, still only 16, he volunteered his services as an ambulanceman in the American Field Service. When his age was discovered his enlistment was annulled. He immediately signed up with an ambulance unit of the American Red Cross, and when that six-month term of service ended in 1918, he enlisted in the French Army, in which he served as a second lieutenant of artillery until 1919. He was educated at the University of Virginia in the United States from 1919-22. His career as one of the major figures of French literature in the 20th century started soon after his return from the United States, beginning with Mont-Cinère (1926) which was well-received by Georges Bernanos.
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Junior Wells
Junior Wells (December 9, 1934 – January 15, 1998), born Amos Wells Blakemore Jr., was an American Chicago blues vocalist, harmonica player, and recording artist. Wells, who was best known for his performances and recordings with Muddy Waters, Earl Hooker, and Buddy Guy, also performed with Bonnie Raitt, The Rolling Stones, and Van Morrison.
Junior Wells was born in Memphis, Tennessee, United States, and raised in West Memphis, Arkansas, though other sources report that his birth was in West Memphis. Initially taught by his cousin, Junior Parker, and Sonny Boy Williamson II, Wells learned how to play the harmonica by the age of seven with surprising skill. He moved to Chicago in 1948 with his mother after her divorce and began sitting in with local musicians at house parties and taverns. Wild and rebellious but needing an outlet for his talents, he began performing with The Aces (guitarist brothers Dave and Louis Myers and drummer Fred Below) and developed a more modern amplified harmonica style influenced by Little Walter. In 1952, he made his first recordings, when he replaced Little Walter in Muddy Waters' band and appeared on one of Muddy's sessions for Chess Records in 1952. His first recordings as a band leader were made in the following year for States Records. In the later 1950s and early 1960s he also recorded singles for Chief Records and its Profile Records subsidiary, including "Messin' with the Kid", "Come on in This House", and "It Hurts Me Too", which would remain in his repertoire throughout his career. His 1960 Profile single "Little by Little" (written by Chief owner and producer Mel London) reached #23 in the Billboard R&B chart, making it the first of two Wells' singles to enter the chart.
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Junkyard Dog
Sylvester Ritter (December 13, 1952 – June 2, 1998) was an American professional wrestler and professional football player, best known for his work in Mid-South Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation as The Junkyard Dog (or JYD for short). Entering the ring with his trademark chain attached to a dog collar, to the music of Queen's "Another One Bites the Dust," JYD regularly headlined cards that sold out the Louisiana Superdome and other major venues. JYD was one of the most electrifying and charismatic wrestlers in the country, particularly during his peak in the early 1980s. JYD was most known for his head butt and upper-body strength, the latter of which saw him regularly body slam such large wrestlers as the One Man Gang, Kamala, and King Kong Bundy. The word "thump," which referred to JYD's power slam, was prominently displayed on his wrestling trunks.
Ritter played football at Fayetteville State University, twice earning honorable mention All-American status, and is a member of The Sports Hall Of Fame. He graduated with a political science degree and was selected by the Green Bay Packers organization, but knee and back surgery ended his football career. Also a member of Groove Phi Groove and All CIAA member Chet Grimsley who authored a book on their travels The White Golden Bull.
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Justin Fashanu
Justinus Soni "Justin" Fashanu ( /ˈfæʃənuː/ FASH-ə-noo; 19 February 1961 – 2 May 1998) was an English footballer who played for a variety of clubs between 1978 and 1997. He was known by his early clubs to be gay, and came out to the press later in his career, to become the first and only English professional footballer to be openly homosexual. He was also the first black footballer to command a £1million transfer fee, with his transfer from Norwich City to Nottingham Forest in 1981, but had little success as a player afterwards, although he continued to play at senior level until 1994.
After moving to the United States, in 1998 he was questioned by police when a seventeen-year-old boy accused him of sexual assault. Fashanu committed suicide in May of that year, his suicide note stating that the sex was consensual.
Fashanu was the son of a Nigerian barrister living in England. When his parents split up, he and his brother, John, were sent to a Barnardo's home. When he was six, he and his brother were fostered by Alf and Betty Jackson and were brought up in Shropham near Attleborough, Norfolk. Justin excelled at boxing as a youth, and was rumoured at one time to be pursuing a professional boxing career instead of his footballing career.
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Jusuf Habibie
Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie pronunciation (help·info) (born 25 June 1936), also known B. J. Habibie, is a former politician of the State of Indonesia. His presidency (1998 - 1999) was the third and that of shortest duration after independence.
Habibie was born in Parepare, South Sulawesi Province to Abdul Jalil Habibie and R. A. Tuti Marini Puspowardojo. His father was an agriculturist from Gorontalo and his mother was a Javanese noblewoman from Yogyakarta. His parents met while studying in Bogor. When he was 14 years old, Habibie's father died.
Following his father's death, Habibie continued his studies in Jakarta and then in 1955, he moved to Germany.
In 1960, in Germany, Habibie received a 'Diplom-Ingenieur', a degree in engineering. He remained in Germany as a research assistant under Hans Ebner at the Lehrstuhl und Institut für Leichtbau, RWTH Aachen, to conduct research for his doctoral degree.
In 1962, Habibie returned to Indonesia for three months on sick leave. During this time, he was reacquainted with Hasri Ainun, the daughter of R. Mohamad Besari. Habibie had known Hasri Ainun in childhood, junior high school and in senior high school at SMA-Kristen, Bandung. The two married on 12th May, 1962, returning to Germany shortly afterwards. Habibie and his wife settled in Aachen for a short period before moving to Oberforstbach. In May 1963, they had a son, Ilham Akbar Habibie.
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Karla Faye Tucker
Karla Faye Tucker (November 18, 1959 – February 3, 1998) was convicted of murder in Texas in 1984 and put to death fourteen years later. She was the first woman to be executed in the United States since 1984, and the first in Texas since 1863. Because of her gender and widely publicized conversion to Christianity, she inspired an unusually large national and international movement advocating the commutation of her sentence to life imprisonment, a movement which included a few foreign government officials.
Karla Tucker was born and raised in Houston, Texas, the youngest of three sisters. Her father Larry was a longshoreman on the Gulf of Mexico. The marriage of her parents was very troubled, and Tucker started smoking with her sisters when she was eight years old. At the age of 10, her parents divorced, and during the divorce proceedings, she learned that she had been the result of an extramarital affair. By age 12, she had turned to drugs and sex. When she was 14, she dropped out of school and followed her mother Carolyn, a rock groupie, into prostitution and began traveling with the Allman Brothers Band, The Marshall Tucker Band, and the Eagles. At age 16, she was married briefly to a mechanic named Stephen Griffith. In her early 20s, she began hanging out with bikers, and met a woman named Shawn Dean and her husband Jerry Lynn Dean, who introduced her to a man named Danny Garrett in 1981.
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Keisuke Kinoshita
Keisuke Kinoshita (木下 恵介, Kinoshita Keisuke?, December 5, 1912 – December 30, 1998) was a Japanese film director.
Although lesser known internationally than his fellow filmmakers such as Akira Kurosawa, Kenji Mizoguchi and Yasujirō Ozu, Keisuke Kinoshita was nonetheless a household figure at home beloved by audience and critics alike, especially in the forties through the sixties. He was also prolific, turning out some 42 films in the first 23 years of his career. For this, Kinoshita explained, "can’t help it. Ideas for films have always just popped into my head like scraps of paper into a wastebasket."[citation needed]
Born on 5 December 1912 in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture, about halfway between Tokyo and Kyoto, to a family who owned a grocery store, Kinoshita was already a movie fan when he was eight. Vowing to become a filmmaker, he was, however, faced with opposition from his parents. When he was in high school, a film crew arrived in Hamamatsu for location shooting one day. He befriended actor Bando Junosuke when the latter came to his store for local products. Bando later helped him run away to Kyoto where most period films were made. But his grandfather came and took him back home the next day. His determination to become a filmmaker finally moved his parents into letting him pursue his own career and his mother even secured him an introduction to the Shochiku Kamata studios, where Ozu, Mikio Naruse and other famous directors worked. Without a university education, however, Kinoshita was not allowed to work as an assistant director and had to start as a photographer, for which he applied to the Oriental Photography School and graduated before he was finally admitted into Shochiku. There, he first worked in the film processing laboratory, then as a camera assistant, before he was advised by Kōzaburō Yoshimura to switch to assistant director.
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Kenichi Fukui
Kenichi Fukui (福井 謙一 Fukui Ken'ichi, October 4, 1918 – January 9, 1998) was a Japanese chemist.
Kenichi Fukui was co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1981 with Roald Hoffmann, for their independent investigations into the mechanisms of chemical reactions. His prize-winning work focused on the role of frontier orbitals in chemical reactions: specifically that molecules share loosely bonded electrons which occupy the frontier orbitals, that is the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO).
Fukui was the eldest of three sons of Ryokichi Fukui, a foreign trade merchant, and Chie Fukui. He was born in Nara, Japan. In his student days between 1938 and 1941, Fukui's interest was stimulated by quantum mechanics and Erwin Schrödinger's famous equation. He also had developed the belief that a breakthrough in science occurs through the unexpected fusion of remotely related fields.
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Kenneth McDuff
Kenneth Allen McDuff (March 21, 1946 – November 17, 1998) was an American serial killer suspected of at least 14 murders. He had previously been on death row from 1968 to 1972.
Kenneth Allen McDuff was born at 201 Linden Street in the central Texas town of Rosebud (Falls County), one of four children born to John and Addie McDuff. His father worked as a farmer and mason.
McDuff's mother, Addie, was known around their small town as "The pistol packin' momma" due to her propensity toward violence and habit of carrying a firearm. She has been characterized as domineering by Christopher Berry-Dee, who authored a short biography of Kenneth McDuff as part of his book Talking with Serial Killers.
McDuff was known to fire at living creatures with a .22 rifle as a young boy as well as to get into fights with boys older than he was. This led to his acquiring a fearsome reputation in Rosebud, and it was not long before he became known to the local Sheriff, Larry Pamplin.
His criminal record began two years before his first murder conviction. In 1964 McDuff was convicted of 12 counts of burglary and attempted burglary in three Texas counties: Bell, Milam, and Falls. He was sentenced to 12 four-year prison terms, to be served concurrently; however, he was paroled in December 1965.
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Kevin Lloyd
Kevin Reardon Lloyd (28 March 1949 – 2 May 1998) was an English actor, born in Derby, and trained at East 15 Acting School, London. Best known for his part of DC Alfred "Tosh" Lines in Thames Television's The Bill.
Prior to this he had already played the high profile role of nightclub owner, Don Watkins, in the soap opera Coronation Street. He also made appearances in a number of other TV shows, including Boon, Minder, Dear John, Farrington of the F.O., Z-Cars, Andy Capp, Auf Wiedersehen, Pet, Blake's 7, and Casualty.
Lloyd was one of the most popular members of the television show, The Bill. In 1996, the show won the award for "Best TV Drama" at the National Television Awards and it was Lloyd who collected it on behalf of the cast and crew. His Welsh-born father, Ellis Aled Lloyd, was himself a police officer who was killed in an accident while answering an emergency call aged 46 in 1970.
A chronic alcoholic, he played "Tosh" continuously from 1988 until he was sacked from The Bill in 1998 for his lack of punctuality and failing to learn his lines. Within days, he was admitted to a clinic in Burton upon Trent for detoxification and was administered sedative medication, but then left the premises to drink alcohol. He returned to the clinic in an intoxicated state, retired to bed, fell asleep, then choked on his vomit, failing to awaken due to the mixture of sedatives and alcohol in his bloodstream. He died just one week after his dismissal from The Bill.
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Klaus Tennstedt
Klaus Tennstedt (June 6, 1926 – January 11, 1998) was a German conductor from Merseburg; he conducted such orchestras as the Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra; Kiel Opera in Northern Germany; North German Radio Orchestra, in Hamburg; the Minnesota Orchestra; and the Toronto Symphony Orchestra.
He studied violin and piano at the Leipzig Conservatory. He became concertmaster of the orchestra at the Halle Municipal Theatre in 1948. However, a finger injury stopped his career as a violinist, and afterwards he worked as a coach to singers at the same theatre. Tennstedt then directed his talents toward conducting. In 1958, he became music director of the Dresden Opera, and in 1962, music director of the Schwerin State Orchestra and Theatre.
Tennstedt emigrated from East Germany in 1971 and obtained asylum in Sweden. He conducted in Gothenburg with the Göteborg Theatre and in Stockholm with the Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra. In 1972, he became General Music Director of the Kiel Opera in Northern Germany. From 1979 to 1982, he served as Chief Conductor of the North German Radio Orchestra in Hamburg, and during the same period (1979-1982) he was Chief Guest Conductor of the Minnesota Orchestra.
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Kofi Annan
Kofi Atta Annan ( /ˈkoʊfi ˈænən/; born 8 April 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations, from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2006. Annan and the United Nations were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize for his founding of the Global AIDS and Health Fund to support developing countries in their struggle to care for their people.
Since February 2012, Annan has been the UN-Arab League envoy to Syria, to help find a resolution to ongoing conflict there.
Kofi Annan was born in Kumasi, Ghana. His twin sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, shares the middle name Atta, which in Fante and Akan means 'twin'. Annan and his sister were born into one of the country's aristocratic families; both their grandfathers and their uncle were tribal chiefs.
In the Akan names tradition, some children are named according to the day of the week on which they were born, and/or in relation to how many children precede them. Kofi in Akan is the name that corresponds with Friday.
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Larry Page
Lawrence "Larry" Page (born March 26, 1973) is an American computer scientist and internet entrepreneur who, with Sergey Brin, is best known as the co-founder of Google. On April 4, 2011, he took on the role of chief executive officer of Google, replacing Eric Schmidt. As of 2012[update], his personal wealth is estimated to be $18.7 billion. He is the inventor of PageRank, which became the foundation of Google's search ranking algorithm. Together, Brin and Page own about 16 percent of the company's stake.
Larry Page was born in Lansing, Michigan. His father, Carl Page, earned a Ph.D. in computer science in 1965 when the field was in its infancy, and is considered a "pioneer in computer science and artificial intelligence." Both he and Page's mother were computer science professors at Michigan State University. Gloria Page, his mother, is Jewish but he was raised without religion.
Page attended the Okemos Montessori School (now called Montessori Radmoor) in Okemos, Michigan from 1975 to 1979, and graduated from East Lansing High School in 1991. He holds a Bachelor of Science in computer engineering from the University of Michigan with honors and a Master of Science in computer science from Stanford University. While at the University of Michigan, "Page created an inkjet printer made of Lego bricks" (actually a line plotter), served as the president of the Eta Kappa Nu in Fall 1994, and was a member of the 1993 "Maize & Blue" University of Michigan Solar Car team.
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Lawrence Sanders
Lawrence Sanders (March 15, 1920 – February 7, 1998) was an American novelist and short story writer.
Lawrence Sanders was born in Brooklyn in New York City. After public school he attended Wabash College, where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree. He then returned to New York and worked at Macy's Department Store. In 1943 he joined the United States Marine Corps and was discharged in 1946. Sanders was a former magazine editorial writer and later turned to full-time fiction writing. He wrote his first novel The Anderson Tapes in 1970 at the age of 50. It deals with a plot by a group of criminals to rob a luxury apartment building. In 1971, Sanders received an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for best first novel.
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Lawton Chiles
Lawton Mainor Chiles, Jr. (April 3, 1930 – December 12, 1998), was an American politician from the US state of Florida. In a career spanning four decades, Chiles, a Democrat who never lost an election, served in the Florida House of Representatives (1958–1966), the Florida State Senate (1966–1970), the United States Senate (1971–1989), and as the 41st Governor of Florida from 1991 until his death in office in the last month of his second term as governor. He was the first Democratic Governor in state history to have a Republican-controlled legislature, and was, to date, Florida's last elected Democratic governor (Buddy MacKay, who succeeded him upon his death, holds the title of Florida's most recent Democratic governor).
Chiles was born in Polk County, Florida near Lakeland, the son of Margaret Kate (née Patterson) and Lawton Mainor Chiles. In Polk, he attended public school, then went on to the University of Florida at Gainesville. At the University of Florida, he was active in student politics, and was inducted into both the university Hall of Fame (the most prestigious honor a student can receive at UF) and Florida Blue Key. He was also a member of the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity. He graduated in 1952. Following his college years, he entered the Korean War as an artillery officer in the United States Army. After the war, Chiles returned to the University of Florida for law school, from which he graduated in 1955; he passed the state bar exam that year and went into private practice in Lakeland. He was married to Rhea Chiles.
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Leonid Kinskey
Leonid Kinskey (April 18, 1903 – September 8, 1998) was a Russian-born movie and television actor who enjoyed a long career. Kinskey is best known for his role as Sascha in the film Casablanca (1942).
Kinskey was born in St. Petersburg, Russia. He fled the Russian Revolution and acted on stage in Europe and South America before arriving in New York City in 1921. He joined the road production of Al Jolson's musical Wonder Bar, before making his first film appearance, in the 1932 Trouble in Paradise. His looks and accent helped him land supporting roles in numerous movies, including Duck Soup and Nothing Sacred, and on television, well into the 1960s. It is said that he got perhaps his best-known role, Sascha in Casablanca, because he was a drinking buddy of star Humphrey Bogart. Kinskey was in the pilot episode for Hogan's Heroes, but turned down a regular role in the series because he thought the subject matter was being taken too lightly.
Kinskey was married three times. His second wife was actress Iphigenie Castiglioni, to whom he remained married until her death in 1963. He was married to Tina York from 1983 to his death. He died of complications of a stroke in Fountain Hills, Arizona, at the age of 95.
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Lev Demin
Lev Stepanovich Dyomin (Russian: Лев Степанович Дёмин; January 11, 1926, in Moscow – December 18, 1998, in Zvyozdny Gorodok) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 15 spaceflight in 1974. This spaceflight was intended to dock with the space station Salyut 3, but the docking failed.
Dyomin gained a doctoral degree in engineering from the Soviet Air Force Engineering Academy and the rank of Colonel in the Soviet Air Force.
He only made a single spaceflight before resigning from the space programme in 1982 and taking up deep-sea research.
He died of cancer in 1998.
He was awarded:
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Lewis F. Powell, Jr.
Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr. (September 19, 1907 – August 25, 1998) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He developed a reputation as a judicial moderate, and was known as a master of compromise and consensus-building. He was known for drafting the Powell Memorandum, a confidential memorandum for the US Chamber of Commerce that described a socialist takeover of the dominant public institutions of American society.
Powell was born in Suffolk, Virginia. He attended Washington and Lee University, earning both an undergraduate and a law degree from that university. He was elected president of student body as an undergraduate with the help of Mosby G. Perrow, Jr., and the two would later serve together on the Virginia State Board of Education in the 1960s. Powell was a member of Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity and the Sigma Society. At a leadership conference, he met Edward R. Murrow and they became close friends. He attended Harvard Law School for a master's degree.
During World War II, he served years in Europe and North Africa. He started as a First Lieutenant, and eventually rose to the rank of Colonel. He worked mostly in intelligence, decoding German messages.
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Lloyd Bridges
Lloyd Vernet Bridges, Jr. (January 15, 1913 – March 10, 1998) was an American actor who starred in a number of television series and appeared in more than 150 feature films. Bridges is best known for his role of Mike Nelson in Sea Hunt, the most popular syndicated American TV series in 1958. He was the father of actors Beau Bridges and Jeff Bridges.
Bridges was born in San Leandro, California, the son of Harriet Evelyn (née Brown) and Lloyd Vernet Bridges, Sr., who was involved in the California hotel business and once owned a movie theater. His parents were both natives of Kansas, and had English ancestry. Bridges graduated from Petaluma High School in 1931. He studied political science at UCLA, where he was a member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity.
Bridges made his Broadway debut in 1939 in a production of Shakespeare's Othello. In 1941, he joined the stock company at Columbia Pictures, where he played small roles in features and short subjects. (In Here Comes Mr. Jordan Bridges is the pilot of the plane in the "heaven" scene.) He left Columbia to enlist in the U.S. Coast Guard. Following World War II, he returned to film acting. He was blacklisted briefly in the 1950s after he admitted to the House Un-American Activities Committee that he had once been a member of the Actors' Lab, a group with links to the Communist Party. He resumed working after being cleared by the FBI, finding his greatest success in television.
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Louis J. Ignarro
Louis J. Ignarro (born May 31, 1941) is an American pharmacologist. For demonstrating the signaling properties of nitric oxide, he was co-recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Robert F. Furchgott and Ferid Murad.
Currently, he is professor of pharmacology at the UCLA School of Medicine's department of molecular and medical pharmacology in Los Angeles, which he joined in 1985. Before relocating to California, he was a professor of pharmacology at Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, for 12 years. Ignarro has also previously worked as a staff scientist, research department, for the pharmaceutical division of CIBA-GEIGY Corporation in New York.
Ignarro has published numerous research articles. He received the Basic Research Prize of the American Heart Association in 1998. This was in recognition of his outstanding contributions to the advancement of cardiovascular science. That same year, he was inducted into the National Academy of Sciences and the following year, into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Because nitric oxide is indirectly involved in the action of this drug, he is sometimes referred to as the "Father of Viagra".
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Lounès Matoub
Lounès Matoub (in Kabyle: Lwennas Meɛṭub, Algerian Arabic: معتوب لوناس) (January 24, 1956 – June 25, 1998) was a famous Berber Kabyle singer and mondol player [1] who was a prominent advocate of the Berber cause and secularism in Algeria throughout his life.
He is revered as a hero and martyr in Kabylie and the Berber World but reviled by most of the Arab population in Algeria for his atheism and the alleged blasphemy of some songs (like Allahu Akbar) along with his militant advocacy of Berber rights, so he was unpopular among both warring parties during Algerian Civil War. His assassination, in circumstances which remain unclear, provoked violent riots in Kabylie. Berber Algerians still accuse the Algerian regime of killing Matoub Lounès, but some of the Algerian regime's figures accused the Islamist terrorists of this crime.
Lounes Matoub was born on 24 January 1956 in the village of Taourirt Moussa in Algerian Kabylia. At 9 years of age he built his first guitar from an empty car oil can and composed his first songs as a teenager. His political and cultural identity was awakened by armed confrontations between Kabyles and government forces in 1963–1964. In 1968, the Algerian government introduced a policy of Arabization in the education system. Matoub reacted by skipping school; his memoirs [2] recall: "We had to give up Berber and reject French. I said no! I played hooky in all my Arabic classes. Every class that I missed was an act of resistance, a slice of liberty conquered. My rejection was voluntary and purposeful." By 1975, he had deserted formal education. He left for France in search of work.
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Lucio Battisti
Lucio Battisti (5 March 1943 – 9 September 1998) was an Italian singer-songwriter (cantautore). He is considered to be one of the best-known and most influential musicians and authors in Italian pop/rock music history.
Battisti started his career in 1966 and from 1969 to 1994 he released 18 albums in his home country. A significant part of his production was translated into Spanish (various albums) and English (one album). He was renowned to be an extremely reserved artist: during his successful career he performed only a small number of live concerts, and in the early 1980s he announced he would communicate only through his studio albums, completely disappearing from the Italian public scene.
Battisti was born in Poggio Bustone, a town in the province of Rieti (northern Lazio), and moved with his family to Rome in 1950. A self-taught guitarist, Battisti made his debut as musician in the 1960s, performing in local bands in Rome, Naples and later in Milan where he joined I Campioni (The Champions), the support band of then famous singer Tony Dallara. He also travelled abroad as a working musician, in Germany and England, where he absorbed the music of Bob Dylan, The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, The Animals, Jimi Hendrix, blues and soul - among others - which he later introduced into Italian Pop music.
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Lynn Strait
James Lynn Strait (August 7, 1968 – December 11, 1998) was the lead singer and lyricist for the rock band Snot. He died in a car accident on December 11, 1998 at the age of 30.
Strait was born in New York, but moved to Santa Barbara as a teen and immediately embraced the SoCal punk scene. Prior to his work with Snot, Strait had never sung in a band. "I always wanted to because it seemed like a lot of fun. But I wasn't into what most bands were playing".[citation needed] Starting from scratch was an advantage for Strait: "There's nobody to emulate. I won't say what I do is groundbreaking, but some of it is original; there are weird patterns in my vocals, because I got to make up my style as I went along".[citation needed]
Strait also served as the band's lyricist and appeared as a guest on Tura Satana's song 'Down', a duet with friend Tairrie B on Manhole/Tura Satana's first album. Landing a record contract was a dream come true for some of his mates, but Strait was underwhelmed by the development. His response: "Yeah, now I can order cheese on my Whopper".[citation needed] While his bandmates were signing the contracts, Strait was completing a month long sentence in County Jail, where he had spent a year in the early 1990s.
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Madison Pettis
Madison Michelle Pettis (born July 22, 1998) is an American teen actress, best known for playing Sophie Martinez on the Disney Channel sitcom Cory in the House and as Peyton Kelly in the 2007 film The Game Plan. She currently lives in Los Angeles, California and is working on Life With Boys and Jake and the Never Land Pirates.
Madison Pettis was born in Texas, to Steven and Michelle Pettis. Her father is African-American and her mother is Mexican-American. Pettis was first noticed when her mother entered into an annual cover search held by FortWorthChild, a local parenting magazine. From that she began modeling and acting in commercials; she had an agent and a website from the age of five. In this role she was seen in one episode of Hannah Montana. '. She portrayed Isabelle Tyler in an episode of The 4400. She was the 2007 Disney Channel Games commentator, and also appeared on Barney & Friends as Bridget, in which she sang, danced and acted. In 2008, she cameoed in Dr. Seuss' Horton Hears a Who!, and had roles in Mostly Ghostly: Who Let the Ghosts Out? and A Muppets Christmas: Letters to Santa. Pettis also had a small role in Seven Pounds as Lorena. She has a voice role in the Disney Channel animated series Special Agent Oso. In 2009, Pettis had a role in Free Style as Bailey Bryant with Corbin Bleu and appeared as herself on the syndicated version of the game show Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader?. She is now a model with LovePastry and has a Disney Junior show Jake and the Never Land Pirates.
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Mae Questel
Mae Questel (pronounced "ques-TELL"; September 13, 1908–January 4, 1998) was an American actress and vocal artist best known for providing the voices for the animated characters, Betty Boop and Olive Oyl. She began in vaudeville, and played occasional small roles in films and television later in her career, most notably the role of Aunt Bethany in 1989's National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation.
Born as Mae Kwestel in New York City to Simon and Freida Kwestel, she attended Morris High School and studied acting at the American Theatre Wing and with the Theatre Guild. Although she wanted to be an entertainer, her parents, who were Orthodox Jews, actively discouraged her from doing so, at one time forcing her to leave the Theatre Guild school.
Nevertheless, at the age of 17 Questel won a talent contest held at the RKO Fordham Theatre in the Bronx by imitating Helen Kane. She was signed by an agent and began performing in vaudeville as an impressionist. Billed as "Mae Questel - Personality Singer of Personality Songs," she did Fanny Brice, Marlene Dietrich, Eddie Cantor, Mae West, Maurice Chevalier and others, as well as doing animal imitations. She was seen by animator Max Fleischer, who was looking for an actress to provide the voice for his Betty Boop character. Questel's "Boop-boop-a-doop" routine, done in a style similar to that of the song's originator, Helen Kane, while at the same time evoking something of the naughty allure of film star Clara Bow, was exactly what Fleischer wanted, and he hired Questel in 1931. She began as one of a number of actresses providing the character's voice, but soon took over the role exclusively.
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Mark Belanger
Mark Henry Belanger (June 8, 1944 – October 6, 1998) was an American shortstop in Major League Baseball who played almost his entire career with the Baltimore Orioles. A defensive standout, he won eight Gold Glove Awards between 1969 and 1978, leading the American League in assists and fielding percentage three times each, and retired with the highest career fielding average by an AL shortstop (.977). He set franchise records for career games, assists and double plays as a shortstop, all of which were later broken by Cal Ripken, Jr. After his playing career, he became an official with the Major League Baseball Players Association.
Belanger was born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. He was recruited by the Orioles as an amateur in 1962, and made his debut with the club on August 7, 1965.
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Martin Rodbell
Martin Rodbell (December 1, 1925 – December 7, 1998) was an American biochemist and molecular endocrinologist who is best known for his discovery of G-proteins. He shared the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Alfred G. Gilman for "their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells."
Reflecting the increasingly common analogies between computer science and biology in the 1960s, Rodbell believed that the fundamental information processing systems of both computers and biological organisms were similar. He asserted that individual cells were analogous to cybernetic systems made up of three distinct molecular components: discriminators, transducers, and amplifiers (otherwise known as effectors). The discriminator, or cell receptor, receives information from outside the cell; a cell transducer processes this information across the cell membrane; and the amplifier intensifies these signals to initiate reactions within the cell or to transmit information to other cells.
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Martin Ruane
Martin Austin Ruane (October 10, 1946 - November 29, 1998) was an English professional wrestler of Irish descent. Best known by his ring name, Giant Haystacks, he wrestled in such places as Great Britain, the United States, Canada, India, and Zimbabwe. Ruane was known for his massive physical size, standing 6 ft 11 in (2.11 m) tall and weighing 48 stone (670 lb; 300 kg) at his heaviest.
Martin Ruane was born in London, England weighing 14 lb 6 oz. His parents were originally from County Mayo in Ireland. When he was 3, in 1949, Ruane and his family moved north from London to Salford, which remained his home. He worked as a labourer and as a nightclub bouncer before a friend suggested he take up professional wrestling as a career.
Ruane began wrestling in 1967, initially for the independent WFGB as Luke McMasters (later incorrectly reported as being his legal name.) In the early 1970s Ruane worked for Wrestling Enterprises (of Birkenhead), where he was billed as Haystacks Calhoun, after the American wrestling star William Calhoun who had wrestled under that name in NWA All-Star Wrestling and the World Wide Wrestling Federation. Ruane's name was subsequently modified to Giant Haystacks.
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Mary Frann
Mary Frann (February 27, 1943 – September 23, 1998) was an American actress best known for her role as Bob Newhart's wife, Joanna Loudon, on the television series Newhart.
Born Mary Frances Luecke in St. Louis, Missouri, Frann was a child model and appeared in commercials for a local television station while she was at Nerinx Hall High School. At the age of 18, she was voted Missouri's "Junior Miss." She went on to win the 1961 national title of America's Junior Miss and earned a college scholarship. Frann studied drama at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, and worked as a weather reporter for the NBC station in St. Louis.
In 1964, Frann made her television debut in an episode of the Kraft Suspense Theatre. That same year, she appeared in the television movie Nightmare in Chicago with Carroll O'Connor. In 1966, Frann made her film debut in Nashville Rebel with Waylon Jennings and Loretta Lynn. The movie was a commercial failure. Frann would go on to appear in only one more film, 1976's Woman in the Rain, concentrating on television guest spots and roles in television movies.
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Mary Millar
Mary Millar (26 July 1936 – 10 November 1998) was a British actress best remembered for her role as Rose in the BBC sitcom Keeping Up Appearances. She was born Mary Wetton in Doncaster, Yorkshire.
Millar began her career in 1962 in Lock Up Your Daughters. In 1969, she played the title role in the musical Ann Veronica, based on the novel by H. G. Wells. Millar gained acclaim for her part in Keeping Up Appearances as Rose number 2, replacing Shirley Stelfox for Series 2 in 1991. Rose was a popular character in the sitcom, with a flair for drama and a fancy for married men. Millar remained with the series through to its conclusion in 1995.
She appeared on the original cast album of Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical The Phantom of the Opera as Madame Giry, and as Mrs Potts on the London cast album of Beauty and the Beast composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Howard Ashman and Tim Rice.
She recorded her vocals for Beauty and the Beast shortly before she died of ovarian cancer in 1998 at the age of 62 in Brockley, London. An episode of Keeping Up Appearances was broadcast on BBC1 the following week and dedicated to her.
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Matthew Shepard
Matthew Wayne Shepard (December 1, 1976 – October 12, 1998) was a student at the University of Wyoming who was tortured and murdered near Laramie, Wyoming, US, in October 1998. He was attacked on the night of October 6–7, and died at Poudre Valley Hospital in Fort Collins, Colorado, on October 12 from severe head injuries.
During a pre-trial hearing, a Laramie police officer testified that the violence against Shepard was due to how the attacker "[felt] about gays," per an interview of the attacker's girlfriend who said she received that explanation. Shepard's murder brought national and international attention to the contention of hate crime legislation at the state and federal levels.
In 2009, his mother Judy Shepard authored a book The Meaning of Matthew: My Son's Murder in Laramie, and a World Transformed. On October 22, 2009, the United States Congress passed the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act (Matthew Shepard Act for short), and on October 28, 2009, President Barack Obama signed the legislation into law.
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Maureen O'Sullivan
Maureen Paula O'Sullivan (May 17, 1911 – June 23, 1998) was an Irish actress. She was known as the "first Irish movie star".
O'Sullivan was born in Boyle, County Roscommon, Ireland in 1911 to Charles Joseph O'Sullivan, an officer in the Connaught Rangers who served in World War I, and his wife, Mary. She attended a convent school in Dublin, then the Convent of the Sacred Heart at Roehampton (now Woldingham School). One of her classmates there was Vivian Mary Hartley, future Academy Award-winning actress Vivien Leigh. After attending finishing school in France, O'Sullivan returned to Dublin to work with the poor.
O'Sullivan's film career began when she met motion picture director Frank Borzage who was doing location filming on Song o' My Heart for 20th Century Fox. He suggested she take a screen test. She did and won a part in the movie, which starred Irish tenor John McCormack. She traveled to the United States to complete the movie in Hollywood. O'Sullivan appeared in six movies at Fox, then made three more at other movie studios.
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Maxim Kontsevich
Maxim Lvovich Kontsevich (Russian: Макси́м Льво́вич Конце́вич; born 25 August 1964) is a Russian mathematician. He is a professor at the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques and a distinguished professor at the University of Miami. He received the Henri Poincaré Prize in 1997, the Fields Medal in 1998, the Crafoord Prize in 2008 and the Shaw Prize in 2012.
Born into the family of Lev Rafailovich Kontsevich – Soviet orientalist and author of the Kontsevich system. After ranking second in the All-Union Mathematics Olympiads, he attended Moscow State University but left without a degree in 1985 to become a researcher at the Institute for Problems of Information Transmission in Moscow [1]. In 1992 he received his Ph.D. at the University of Bonn under Don Bernard Zagier. His thesis proves a conjecture by Edward Witten that two quantum gravitational models are equivalent.
His work concentrates on geometric aspects of mathematical physics, most notably on knot theory, quantization, and mirror symmetry. His most famous result is a formal deformation quantization that holds for any Poisson manifold. He also introduced knot invariants defined by complicated integrals analogous to Feynman integrals. In topological field theory, he introduced the moduli space of stable maps, which may be considered a mathematically rigorous formulation of the Feynman integral for topological string theory. These results are a part of his "contributions to four problems of geometry" for which he was awarded the Fields Medal in 1998.
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Michael Tippett
Sir Michael Kemp Tippett OM CH CBE (2 January 1905 – 8 January 1998) was an English composer.
In his long career he produced a large body of work, including five operas, three large-scale choral works, four symphonies, five string quartets, four piano sonatas, concertos and concertante works, song cycles and incidental music. The works for which he is best known are the Concerto for Double String Orchestra, the oratorio A Child of Our Time and the Fantasia Concertante on a Theme of Corelli.
His deeply held humanitarian and pacifist beliefs shaped both his life and his music: he served a prison sentence as a conscientious objector in the Second World War. An interest in many aspects of contemporary culture is reflected in his music and writings. Tippett was one of the first openly gay composers to explore issues of sexuality in his work. The libretti of his operas, which he wrote himself, attracted criticism for their apparent naivety and sometimes awkward and not quite idiomatic use of contemporary slang, as well as for their sometimes obscure extra-musical references. He had a keen interest in musical education and in later life was active as a broadcaster and lecturer. As a conductor he recorded many of his own works. He is generally acknowledged to be one of the most important British composers of the 20th century.
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Michelle Thomas
Michelle Thomas (died December 22 or 23, 1998) was an American actress. She was best known for her roles as Justine Phillips (girlfriend of Theo Huxtable) on the NBC sitcom The Cosby Show, and as Myra Monkhouse (girlfriend of Steve Urkel) on the ABC/CBS sitcom Family Matters.
Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Michelle Thomas grew up in Montclair, New Jersey and was an alumna of West Essex High School. She was the daughter of Phynjuar Thomas, a stage actress, and Dennis Thomas, a member of music group Kool & the Gang. In 1984, Thomas was crowned Miss Talented Teen New Jersey in Hal Jackson's Talented Teen Competition. The following year, she competed in the international pageant and won the title of International Queen.
In 1988, Thomas played Justine Phillips, the girlfriend of Theo Huxtable on The Cosby Show. She later appeared on various television programs during the late 1980s and 1990s including A Man Called Hawk and Thea. She had a role on a TV movie, Dream Date, in 1989. In 1991, she had a small role in Hangin' with the Homeboys. She also appeared in music videos for Mint Condition, Dru Hill and Chubb Rock. In 1993, she won the role of Myra Monkhouse on the long-running sitcom Family Matters. After the series ended in 1998, Thomas portrayed Callie Rogers Stark, an aspiring singer on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless. She left the series in October 1998.
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Mikio Oda
Mikio Oda (織田 幹雄, Oda Mikio?, March 30, 1905 in Hiroshima – December 2, 1998) was a Japanese athlete and the first Japanese Olympic gold medalist. He was the first Asian Olympic champion in an individual event.
Oda's main event was triple jump, but he also competed in long jump and high jump, and participated in all three events in the 1924, 1928 and 1932 Summer Olympics. His Olympic gold medal win came in 1928, in Amsterdam, where he won the triple jump event with a result of 15.21 meters. Oda later also set the world record in the sport, when he jumped for 15.58 m while studying in Waseda University during 1931.
Upon retirement from competitive athletics, he focused his efforts on sports administration, becoming a member of the Japanese Olympic Committee in 1948 and later taking part in the IAAF's technical committee. His sporting achievements were recognised with the creation of the Mikio Oda Memorial International Amateur Athletic Game, an annual track and field competition that has been held since 1967.
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Monica Edwards
Monica Edwards (née Monica le Doux Newton; November 8, 1912 – January 18, 1998) was an English children's writer of the mid-twentieth century best known for her Romney Marsh and Punchbowl Farm series of children's novels.
She was the third of four children born to the Reverend Harry and Beryl Newton. She was born in Belper, Derbyshire on November 8, 1912 but the family moved to Wakefield, Yorkshire in 1919. As well as being a vicar, Harry Newton was a diocesan exorcist and often took his children with him when performing exorcisms. In 1927 the family moved to Rye Harbour in Romney Marsh, Sussex where Harry Newton remained as vicar until 1936. The young Monica Newton received a fragmentary formal education: she is known to have attended Wakefield Girls High School between September 1920 and July 1921 and when the family were living at Rye Harbour she was sent to St Brandon's School, Bristol where she remained for just three months in 1928 before returning to Sussex. She received no further formal education.
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Muriel Humphrey
Muriel Fay Buck Humphrey Brown (February 20, 1912 – September 20, 1998) was the widow of former Vice President Hubert Humphrey. Following her husband's death, she was appointed to his seat in the United States Senate, thus being the first wife of a Vice President to hold public office. She later remarried and took the name Muriel Humphrey Brown.
Humphrey was born Muriel Fay Buck in Huron, South Dakota, daughter of Andrew E. Buck and his wife, the former Jessie Mae Pierce. She attended Huron College and met Humphrey in 1934, when she was working as a bookkeeper. They married on September 3, 1936, saying, "It was love at first waltz". They had four children: Hubert III, Nancy, Robert, and Douglas.
Humphrey was appointed as a member of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party by Rudy Perpich, the governor of Minnesota, to the Senate vacancy caused by the death of her husband, and served from January 25, 1978 to November 7, 1978 in the 95th Congress. She was the first spouse of a former Vice President to serve in Congress as well as the first woman to represent Minnesota in the U.S. Senate. She was not a candidate for the special election for the remaining term. "It was the most challenging thing I've done in my whole life," she said. Twenty-eight years later, Amy Klobuchar, a fellow DFLer, would become the first woman to be elected to the United States Senate from Minnesota.
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Natascha Kampusch
Natascha Maria Kampusch (born 17 February 1988 in Vienna) is known for her abduction at the age of 10 on 2 March 1998. Kampusch was held in a secret cellar by her kidnapper Wolfgang Priklopil for more than eight years, until she escaped on 23 August 2006. The media attention later led to her giving selected interviews, writing an autobiography (3,096 Days, published September 2010) and also signing a contract with Austrian channel Puls 4 for her own talk show, which had its premiere on 1 June 2008 but only ran for three episodes.
Kampusch was raised by her mother Birgitta Sirny (née Kampusch) and her father Ludwig Koch, in Vienna, Austria. Her early life with her mother was reportedly not a happy one, according to Ludwig Adamovich, head of a special commission looking into possible police failures in the investigation of the kidnapping. He claimed that "the time Kampusch was imprisoned might have been better for her than what she experienced before", a statement absolutely refuted by Birgitta Sirny, who threatened to sue the commission chief over his remarks.
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Nolan Gould
Nolan Gould (born October 28, 1998) is an American child actor best known for his starring role as Luke Dunphy on the ABC comedy Modern Family. He is the brother of Aidan Gould.
Gould began his career at the age of three doing commercials. Nolan Gould's most recent films include leads in the features Ghoul (based on the novel by Brian Keene) and Space Buddies. Current television credits for Nolan Gould include Eleventh Hour and the movie of the week, "Sweet Nothing in My Ear." He is also a star of the popular TV show Modern Family, in which he has won a Screen Actors Guild Award for Best ensemble in a Comedy Series along with the rest of the show's cast.
Gould has trained with Patrick Malone and Lisa Picotte for years, focusing on scene study, cold reading and improv. During 2009, Gould appeared in commercials for The Hartford.
Gould is a member of Mensa.He has an IQ of 150. He plays the double bass and was recently given a banjo by Ellen DeGeneres on her talk show.
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Norman Fell
Norman Fell (March 24, 1924 – December 14, 1998), born Norman Noah Feld, was an American actor of film and television, most famous for his role as landlord Mr. Roper on the sitcom Three's Company and its spin-off, The Ropers.
Fell was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to a Jewish family, and went to Central High School of Philadelphia. In college he studied drama at Temple University after serving as a tail gunner in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II.
Though Fell mostly acted on television, he also had small character roles in several motion pictures including the original Ocean's 11, It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World, PT 109, The Graduate (in which he played a landlord), Bullitt, and Catch-22 as Sergeant Towser. He appeared alongside Ronald Reagan in Reagan's last film, The Killers.
From 1977-1979 he portrayed the main characters' hardnosed landlord Stanley Roper on the hit TV comedy Three's Company. He continued to play the character as the co-lead with Audra Lindley as his wife Helen on The Ropers, a spin-off which lasted a year in a less favorable time slot.
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Olivier Gendebien
Olivier Gendebien (12 January 1924, Brussels, Belgium – 2 October 1998, Les Baux de Provence, Bouches-du-Rhône, France) was a war hero and race car driver. He has been cited as "one of the greatest sportscar racers of all time".
Born into a wealthy family, an heir to the industrial holdings of the Solvay family, Olivier Gendebien studied engineering at university. When World War II erupted and the Nazis occupied Belgium, he joined the Belgian resistance movement. Fluent in the English language, he served as the liaison with the British agents being parachuted into Belgium. Later in the War he went to England, serving with the British army as part of a Belgian paratrooper unit. When the war ended Gendebien switched to the study of agriculture, spending several years working in forestry in the Belgian Congo where he met a rally driver named Charles Fraikin.
On his return to Belgium, Gendebien entered a Veritas sports car in the 1955 Grand Prix des Frontières at Chimay. However, following this race he switched his focus, and teamed up with Fraikin to compete in rally racing using a Jaguar sports car. Together with Pierre Stasse, Gendebien won the sixth running of the Tulip Rally in Zandvoort in April 1954. Their car was an Alfa Romeo 1900 TI. The Gendebien and Fraiken partnership gained the nickname "the eternal bridesmaids", owing to their number of second-place finishes, but after two previous attempts they triumphed in the Liège-Rome-Liège Rally and the Coppa d'Oro delle Dolomiti in 1955, driving a Mercedes-Benz 300SL.
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Osama Bin Laden
Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden ( /oʊˈsɑːmə bɪn moʊˈhɑːmɨd bɪn əˈwɑːd bɪn ˈlɑːdən/; Arabic: أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن, ʾUsāmah bin Muḥammad bin ʿAwaḍ bin Lādin; March 10, 1957 – May 2, 2011), was the founder of Al-Qaeda, the jihadist organization responsible for the September 11 attacks on the United States and numerous other mass-casualty attacks against civilian and military targets. He was a member of the wealthy Saudi bin Laden family, and an ethnic Yemeni Kindite.
Bin Laden was on the American Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) lists of Ten Most Wanted Fugitives and Most Wanted Terrorists for his involvement in the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings. From 2001 to 2011, bin Laden was a major target of the War on Terror, with a US$25 million bounty by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. On May 2, 2011, bin Laden was shot and killed inside a private residential compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, by U.S. Navy SEALs and CIA operatives in a covert operation ordered by United States President Barack Obama.
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Patrick de Gayardon
Patrick de Gayardon (23 January 1960, Oullins, Rhône - 13 April 1998) was a French skydiver, skysurfer and a BASE jumper.
De Gayardon was famous for pushing the boundaries of skydiving. He was one of the first people to develop the unique style of skysurfing, in which skydivers use a snowboard to make aerobatic maneuvers. He also made many famous stunts with his wing-suit (sometimes referred to as a "bat suit"). In 1998 Patrick died in Hawaii during a skydive with Adrian Nicholas using the wing-suit while testing a modification to his parachute container; his death is attributed to a rigging error he made while making the modification.
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Paul McCartney
Sir James Paul McCartney, MBE, Hon RAM, FRCM (born 18 June 1942) is an English musician, singer-songwriter and composer. Formerly of the Beatles (1960–1970) and Wings (1971–1981), he has been described by Guinness World Records as "The Most Successful Composer and Recording Artist of All Time", with 60 gold discs and sales of over 100 million albums and 100 million singles. With John Lennon, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr, he gained worldwide fame as a member of the Beatles, and with Lennon formed one of the most celebrated songwriting partnerships of the 20th century. After leaving the Beatles, he began a solo career and later formed the band Wings with his first wife, Linda Eastman, and singer-songwriter Denny Laine.
According to the BBC, his Beatles song "Yesterday" has been covered by over 2,200 artists—more than any other song. Wings' 1977 release, "Mull of Kintyre", became one of the best-selling singles ever in the UK, and he is "the most successful songwriter" in UK chart history, according to Guinness. As a songwriter or co-writer, he is included on thirty-one number one titles on the Billboard Hot 100, and as of 2012 he has sold over 15.5 million RIAA certified units in the United States.
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Pavel Štěpán
Professor Pavel Štěpán (28 May 1925 in Brno - 30 September 1998 in Prague), was a Czech pianist whose domain was the interpretation of piano works by Josef Suk, Vitezslav Novak and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's piano concertos. He has always been described as a man of unusual intelligence, great pianistic style and deep musicality.
He linked up in his career with his family's musical tradition: he is the grandson of Professor Vilém Kurz, a prominent Czech piano educator, and the son of piano virtuoso and teacher Ilona Štěpánová-Kurzová and musicologist/pianist Václav Štěpán. His family maintained close personal contacts with the composer Josef Suk, and actually received instructions for the interpretation of his piano output from the composer himself.
Pavel Štěpán made his first public appearance at the age of sixteen, two years later to make his debut performance with the Czech Philharmonic playing Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Piano Concerto No.24 in C minor K 491 under the baton of Rafael Kubelík. In 1971 and 1982 he received the Wiener Flötenuhr award for the year's best Mozartian recording, and in 1978 his reading of the complete piano works of Josef Suk was presented Supraphon Golden Disc as recording of the year.
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Peter Lind Hayes
Peter Lind Hayes (June 25, 1915 – April 21, 1998) was an American vaudeville entertainer, songwriter, and film and television actor. He was born Joseph Conrad Lind in San Francisco, California.
He appeared in films throughout the 1930s and 1940s, and had a significant television career in the 1950s. He often appeared with his wife Mary Healy, to whom he was married from 1940 until his death in 1998. The couple had two children: Peter and Cathy.
Hayes and Healy were the original singers of the Chevrolet jingle "See The U.S.A. In Your Chevrolet" in 1950. (Dinah Shore later sang the song for Chevrolet starting in 1952.) The couple had major supporting roles in the critically acclaimed film The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T (1953).
Peter Lind Hayes may be best remembered for several short-lived television series in which they co-hosted or co-starred, such as The Peter Lind Hayes Show (1950–51), Star of the Family (1950-1952), and Peter Loves Mary (1960–61). He also appeared on the pilot episode of The Match Game on December 5, 1962. He had a considerable reputation as a singer of comic songs, several of which made their way onto record, e.g. "Life Gets Teejus, Don't It".[citation needed]
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Phil Hartman
Philip Edward "Phil" Hartman (September 24, 1948 – May 28, 1998; né Hartmann) was a Canadian-American actor, comedian, screenwriter, and graphic artist. Born in Brantford, Ontario, Hartman and his family moved to the United States when he was 10. After graduating from California State University, Northridge, with a degree in graphic arts, he designed album covers for bands like Poco and America. Feeling the need for a more creative outlet, Hartman joined the comedy group The Groundlings in 1975 and there helped comedian Paul Reubens develop his character Pee-wee Herman. Hartman co-wrote the screenplay for the film Pee-wee's Big Adventure and made recurring appearances on Reubens' show Pee-wee's Playhouse.
Hartman became famous in the late 1980s when he joined the sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live. He won fame for his impressions, particularly of President Bill Clinton, and he stayed on the show for eight seasons. Called "the Glue" for his ability to hold the show together and help other cast members, Hartman won a Primetime Emmy Award for his SNL work in 1989. In 1995, after scrapping plans for his own variety show, he starred as Bill McNeal in the NBC sitcom NewsRadio. He also had frequent roles on The Simpsons as Lionel Hutz, Troy McClure, and others, and appeared in the films Houseguest, Sgt. Bilko, Jingle All the Way, and Small Soldiers.
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Pierre Trudeau
Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau CC, CH, PC, QC, FSRC ( /truːˈdoʊ/; French pronunciation: [tʁydo]; October 18, 1919 – September 28, 2000), usually known as Pierre Trudeau or Pierre Elliott Trudeau, was the 15th Prime Minister of Canada from April 20, 1968 to June 4, 1979, and again from March 3, 1980 to June 30, 1984.
Trudeau began his political career campaigning for socialist ideals, but he eventually joined the Liberal Party of Canada when he entered federal politics in the 1960s. He was appointed as Lester Pearson's Parliamentary Secretary, and later became his Minister of Justice. From his base in Montreal, Trudeau took control of the Liberal Party and became a charismatic leader, inspiring "Trudeaumania". From the late 1960s until the mid-1980s, he dominated the Canadian political scene and aroused passionate reactions. "Reason before passion" was his personal motto. He retired from politics in 1984, and John Turner succeeded him as Prime Minister.
Admirers praise the force of Trudeau's intellect and they salute his political acumen in preserving national unity against Quebec separatists, suppressing a violent revolt, and establishing the Charter of Rights and Freedoms within Canada's constitution. Critics accuse him of arrogance, economic mismanagement, and unduly favouring the federal government relative to the provinces, especially in trying to control the oil wealth of the Prairies.
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Pol Pot
Saloth Sar (19 May 1925 – 15 April 1998), better known as Pol Pot (Khmer: ប៉ុល ពត), was a Cambodian Maoist revolutionary who led the Khmer Rouge from 1963 until his death in 1998. From 1963 to 1981, he served as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Kampuchea. From 1976 to 1979, he also served as the prime minister of Democratic Kampuchea. Pol Pot became leader of Cambodia on April 17, 1975. During his time in power he imposed agrarian socialism, forcing urban dwellers to relocate to the countryside to work in collective farms and forced labor projects. The combined effects of forced labor, malnutrition, poor medical care, and executions resulted in the deaths of approximately 21% of the Cambodian population. In all, an estimated 1.7 to 2.5 million people (out of a population of slightly over 8 million) died as a result of the policies of his three-year premiership.
In 1979, after the Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia, Pol Pot fled to the jungles of southwest Cambodia, and the Khmer Rouge government collapsed. From 1979 to 1997, he and a remnant of the old Khmer Rouge operated near the border of Cambodia and Thailand, where they clung to power, with nominal United Nations recognition as the rightful government of Cambodia. Pol Pot died in 1998 while under house arrest by the Ta Mok faction of the Khmer Rouge. Since his death, rumours that he was poisoned have persisted.
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Poul Bundgaard
Poul Arne Bundgaard (27 October 1922 – 3 June 1998) was a Danish actor and singer. He is probably best known for his role as the henpecked Kjeld in the Olsen Banden films.
In addition to having appeared in a large number of Danish films, Bundgaard starred in a number of operettas in the late 1940s until the 1950s, and worked at the Royal Danish Theatre as a singer between 1958 and 1973; however, he focused mostly on acting later on in his career, partly due to stage fright.
He died during the shooting of Olsen Bandens sidste stik and Tommy Kenter was used as stand-in for some of the scenes while Kurt Ravn did his voice.
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Poul Nyrup Rasmussen
Poul Oluf Nyrup Rasmussen (Danish pronunciation: [ˈpɒʊ̯l ˈnyːˀɔb ˈʁɑsmusn̩], informally Poul Nyrup, born 15 June 1943), was Prime Minister of Denmark from 25 January 1993 to 27 November 2001 and President of the Party of European Socialists (PES) from 2004 to 2011. He was the leader of the governing Social Democrats from 1992 to 2002. He was a member of the European Parliament from 2004–09.
Rasmussen was born to a working-class family in Esbjerg in 1943. His parents were Oluf Nyrup Rasmussen and Vera Eline Nyrup Rasmussen. He was educated at the University of Copenhagen, earning a M.sc. degree in Economics in 1971. While studying he was active in the social democratic student union Frit Forum, where he met some of his future political colleagues. He paid his way through university by doing several jobs, like counting traffic and being a part-time delivery boy.
Rasmussen replaced Svend Auken, the long serving leader of the Social Democrats, after his failure to form a government with the Radikale Venstre after the 1990 election, despite good results for both parties. Many in the party felt that Auken had stuck to a too left wing agenda, scuttling a possible deal with the more centrist Radikale Venstre.
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Raman Lamba
Raman Lamba pronunciation (help·info) (2 January 1960 in Uttar Pradesh – 23 February 1998 in Dhaka) was an Indian cricketer who played in four Tests and 32 One Day Internationals, mainly as a batsman died in the Post Graduate Hospital in Dhaka in Bangladesh after three days of vain efforts by a team of doctors, ever since he was seriously hit on the forehead by a full blooded pull by Mehrab Hossain off left arm spinner Saifullah Khan while fielding at forward short leg, without a helmet, for Dhaka's leading club, Abahani Krira Chakra, in the final of the Premier Division cricket match versus Mohammendan Sporting Club at the Dhaka Bangabandhu Stadium. The shot was so ferocious that the ball deflected from his head and flew into stumper Khaled Mashud' s gloves. Mohammad Aminul Islam, the former Bangladesh captain, recalled "I was the new man in and asked Raman if he was okay. He said, 'Bulli (Islam's nickname is Bulbul) main to mar gaya' (I am dead, Bulli)". Although the injury did not appear to be particularly serious, he suffered an internal haemorrhage and slipped into coma. Despite a neurosurgeon being flown in from Delhi, all efforts went in vain and finally his ventilator was removed declaring him dead.
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Ramzi Yousef
Ramzi Yousef (Arabic: رمزي يوسف, Ramzī Yūsuf; born May 20, 1967) was one of the main perpetrators of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and a co-conspirator in the Bojinka plot. In 1995, he was arrested at a guest house in Islamabad, by the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence and United States Diplomatic Security Service, then extradited to the United States.
He was tried in New York City in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York and along with two co-conspirators was convicted of planning the Bojinka plot. Yousef stated: "Yes, I am a terrorist, and proud of it as long as it is against the U.S. government and against Israel, because you are more than terrorists; you are the one who invented terrorism and using it every day. You are butchers, liars and hypocrites." He was sentenced to two life sentences for his part in the World Trade Center bombing and Bojinka plot.
Yousef's uncle is Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, a senior al-Qaeda member accused of being the principal architect of the September 11 attacks. He is also in United States custody.[citation needed]
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Ray Nitschke
Raymond Ernest "Ray" Nitschke (December 29, 1936 – March 8, 1998) was a professional football player who played his entire career as a middle linebacker for the Green Bay Packers of the NFL. Wearing #66, he played fifteen seasons, from 1958-72.
Nitschke was born on December 29, 1936 in Elmwood Park, Illinois. His father, Robert, and Nitschke's mother, Anna, had two other children, Robert Jr. (age 8) and Richard (age 4). His father was killed in a car accident in 1940. Anna died of a blood clot when Ray was 13. Robert (age 21) and Richard (age 17) decided they would raise Ray on their own.
Ray entered Proviso High School in Maywood shortly before his mother's death. The loss of both parents enraged Nitschke, and the lack of a parental disciplinarian to quell his rage, caused him to engage in fights with other kids in the neighborhood. His freshman year at Proviso, Ray played fullback on one of the school's three football teams. He was a poor student at school and his grades eventually caught up with him as he was declared academically ineligible to play sports his sophomore year. This embarrassment he would lament for the rest of his life.
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Red Reeder
Russell Potter "Red" Reeder, Jr. (4 March 1902 - 22 February 1998) was a United States Army officer and author. Colonel Reeder’s military decorations include the Distinguished Service Cross, the Silver Star, the Legion of Merit, the Bronze Star, the Purple Heart, the Combat Infantryman Badge, and two decorations awarded by France: the Croix de Guerre avec Palm and the Légion d'honneur.
Reeder was born in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas on March 4, 1902. His father, Russell Potter Reeder Sr., was a West Point graduate and Reeder and his family moved to different military bases around the country. At the age of eleven, he heroically saved the life of a drowning younger child in Casco Bay, Maine. For this achievement, he was awarded the Treasury Department Silver Lifesaving Medal. Reeder entered West Point when he was eighteen years old in 1920 and played football and baseball as a cadet. He attended West Point for six years and graduated in 1926.
During the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Reeder was stationed in California. By the end of December 1941, he had joined the Army operations division and was transferred to a military base in Washington. Reeder was sent to England in April 1944, to take over a command within the Fourth Infantry Division. Reeder's regiment of 3,000 soldiers fought on Utah beach during D-Day. On June 11, 1944, during the Battle of Normandy, Reeder got shrapnel in his ankle that almost severed his left leg. Reeder was taken back to England, and from there was taken to the Walter Reed Army Hospital in Washington and his leg was amputated.
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Reginald Ben Davis
Reginald Ben Davis (1907–1998) was a British wildlife artist who contributed many painted pages to Look and Learn and Treasure magazines. Davis also drew comic strips and cover illustrations for girls' comics.
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Richard Denning
Richard Denning (March 27, 1914 – October 11, 1998), was an American actor who starred in such movies as Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954) and An Affair to Remember (1957), and on radio with Lucille Ball as her husband George Cooper in My Favorite Husband (1948–1951), the forerunner of television's I Love Lucy, for which Denning was replaced by Ball's real-life husband, Desi Arnaz.
Denning was born as Louis Albert Heindrich Denninger, Jr., in Poughkeepsie, New York. He became an actor, best known for his recurring role as Governor of Hawaii Paul Jameson in the CBS series Hawaii Five-O (1968–1980). He also starred as the title character in the detective series Michael Shayne (1960–61) and shared title billing with Barbara Britton in the detective series Mr. and Mrs. North (1952–1954), later appearing as Dr. Greg Graham in the series "The Flying Doctor" (1959). He appeared three times on the ABC anthology series Crossroads.
According to Denning, after interrupting his career to enlist in the military during World War II, upon his return he experienced a full 18 months before Paramount Pictures put him back to work. During that time period, Denning and his family lived in a mobile home that he alternately parked at Malibu and Palm Springs. His period of unemployment ended when he was hired to star on the radio opposite Lucille Ball in My Favorite Husband.
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Rob Pilatus
Robert "Rob" Pilatus (June 8, 1964 – April 2, 1998) was a German-American model, dancer and singer. Pilatus was best known as half of the pop music duo Milli Vanilli.
Rob Pilatus was born in Munich, the son of an African American soldier and a German mother who worked as an adult entertainer. He was adopted as an infant by a German family who raised him in Munich. Pilatus worked as a model and break dancer, before joining Fabrice Morvan in 1988 to form the pop group Milli Vanilli.
Pilatus and Morvan were noticed by music producer Frank Farian, who signed them to be part of a musical act. Shortly after a trip to Turkey, where the duo reputedly took its name from a local advertising slogan, Milli Vanilli was born. Pilatus and Morvan served as the public faces for singers Charles Shaw and Brad Howell, who Farian thought were talented but lacked a marketable image.
The first Milli Vanilli platinum album was Girl You Know It's True, which became a worldwide hit. The album produced five hit singles including three number 1 hits, "Girl I'm Gonna Miss You", "Baby Don't Forget My Number" and "Blame It On The Rain". Milli Vanilli won the Grammy Award for Best New Artist on February 21, 1990 for "Girl You Know It's True".
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Robert B. Laughlin
Robert Betts Laughlin (born November 1, 1950) is the Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Physics and Applied Physics at Stanford University. Along with Horst L. Störmer of Columbia University and Daniel C. Tsui of Princeton University, he was awarded a share of the 1998 Nobel Prize in physics for their explanation of the fractional quantum Hall effect.
Laughlin was born in Visalia, California. He earned a B.A. in Mathematics from UC Berkeley in 1972, and his Ph.D. in physics in 1979 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. Between 2004 and 2006 he served as the president of KAIST in Daejeon, South Korea.
Laughlin shares similar views to George Chapline, doubting the existence of black holes.[citation needed]
In 1983, Laughlin was first to provide a many body wave function, now known as the Laughlin wavefunction, for the fractional quantum hall effect, which was able to correctly explain the fractionalized charge observed in experiments. This state has since been interpreted to be a Bose-Einstein condensate.
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Robert Capron
Robert Capron (born July 9, 1998) is American child actor who is best known for starring as Rowley Jefferson, Greg Heffley's best friend in the Diary of a Wimpy Kid movies. He started off with a role in Bride Wars and later had small parts in Hachiko: A Dog's Story and the Disney film The Sorcerer's Apprentice. His mother, Kaye Capron, played his character's mother in Diary of a Wimpy Kid. Capron lives in Scituate, Rhode Island.
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Robert F. Furchgott
Robert Francis Furchgott (June 4, 1916 – May 19, 2009) was a Nobel Prize-winning American biochemist.
Furchgott was born in Charleston, SC, to Arthur Furchgott (December 1884 - January 1971) and Pena Sorentrue Furchgott. He graduated with a degree in chemistry in 1937 from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, received his Ph.D in biochemistry at Northwestern University in 1940. He was faculty member of Washington University School of Medicine from 1949 to 1956. From 1956 to 2009, he was professor of pharmacology at the State University of New York Downstate Medical Center.
In 1978, Furchgott discovered a substance in endothelial cells that relaxes blood vessels, calling it endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). By 1986, he had worked out EDRF's nature and mechanism of action, and determined that EDRF was in fact nitric oxide (NO), an important compound in many aspects of cardiovascular physiology. This research was important in explaining the action of Viagra, treatment of blue babies, and other medical and health-related issues.
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Robert Lewis Taylor
Robert Lewis Taylor (24 September 1912 – 30 September 1998) was an American author and winner of the 1959 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.
Taylor was born in Carbondale, Illinois and attended Southern Illinois University, which now houses his papers, for one year. He graduated from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign with a Bachelor of Arts in 1933. After college, he became a journalist and won awards for reporting. In 1939, he became a writer for The New Yorker magazine as an author of biographical sketches. Additionally, his work appeared in The Saturday Evening Post and Reader's Digest.
From 1942 to 1946, Taylor served in the United States Navy during World War II. During his service, he wrote numerous stories and Adrift in a Boneyard as an extended fiction about survivors of a disaster. In 1949, The Saturday Evening Post commissioned a series of biographical sketches of W. C. Fields. He published them together as W. C. Fields: His Follies and Fortunes. He continued to write biographies, including one of Winston Churchill, as well as fiction.
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Rodney Harvey
Rodney Michael Harvey (July 31, 1967 – April 11, 1998) was an American actor and model.
Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Harvey was discovered by director Paul Morrissey in 1984. Morrissey cast Harvey in two of his films Mixed Blood (1985) and Spike of Bensonhurst (1988). After signing with an agent, Harvey moved to Los Angeles where he continued acting and also began modeling. He appeared in a layout for Life magazine featuring Madonna photographed by Bruce Weber, and worked for Calvin Klein.
In 1990, he landed the role of Sodapop Curtis in the Fox series The Outsiders. After the series ended after one season, Harvey guest starred on Twin Peaks, followed by a role in the Gus Van Sant film My Own Private Idaho. He made his last onscreen appearance in 1996 with a role in drama God's Lonely Man
During the making of My Own Private Idaho, Harvey began using heroin. After several stints in jail and attempts to get clean, he died of a heroin and cocaine overdose on April 10, 1998 at the Hotel Barbizon in Los Angeles.
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Roger Avon
Roger Avon (23 November 1914 – 21 December 1998) was a British film and television actor born in Jarrow, County Durham.
Some of his television appearances include Hancock's Half Hour, Dad's Army, When the Boat Comes In, Department S, Doctor Who, serials (The Crusade and The Daleks' Master Plan), Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased), Our Friends in the North and Blackadder the Third. He appeared in the films Daleks - Invasion Earth 2150 AD, The Likely Lads, Mutiny on the Buses, Quatermass and the Pit and Curse of the Crimson Altar amongst others.
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Rose Maddox
Roselea A. Brogdon (August 15, 1925 - April 15, 1998), better known as Rose Maddox, was an American country singer-songwriter and fiddle player.
Born in Boaz, Alabama, Maddox was the singer in the Maddox Brothers and Rose.
In 1996 she was nominated for a Grammy award for her Arhoolie bluegrass album, $35 and a Dream. Her life story and that of the band were told in the biography, Ramblin' Rose: The Life and Career of Rose Maddox by Jonny Whiteside. ISBN 0-8265-1269-0.
Laura Cantrell's song "California Rose" was written in memory of Maddox.Emmylou Harris believes Maddox has never received the recognition she deserves, in part because of what Harris calls a reluctance in American society to celebrate the value of white country and roots music. Dolly Parton also credits Maddox as an early influence.
Maddox Brothers and Rose
Solo/Compilations
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Roy Rogers
Roy Rogers, born Leonard Franklin Slye (November 5, 1911 – July 6, 1998), was an American singer and cowboy actor, one of the most heavily marketed and merchandised stars of his era, as well as being the namesake of the Roy Rogers Restaurants franchised chain. He and his wife Dale Evans, his golden palomino, Trigger, and his German Shepherd dog, Bullet, were featured in more than 100 movies and The Roy Rogers Show. The show ran on radio for nine years before moving to television from 1951 through 1957. His productions usually featured a sidekick, often either Pat Brady (who drove a Jeep called "Nellybelle"), Andy Devine, or the crotchety George "Gabby" Hayes. Rogers's nickname was "King of the Cowboys". Evans's nickname was "Queen of the West."
Leonard Franklin Slye was born to Andrew ("Andy") and Mattie (Womack) Slye in Cincinnati, Ohio, where his family lived in a tenement building on 2nd Street. (Riverfront Stadium was constructed at this location in 1970 and Leonard would later joke that he had been born at second base.) Dissatisfied with his job and city life, Andy Slye and his brother Will built a 12-by-50-foot houseboat from salvage lumber, and, in July 1912, the Slye family floated up the Ohio River towards Portsmouth, Ohio. Desiring a more stable existence in Portsmouth, the Slyes purchased land on which to build a home, but the flood of 1913 allowed them to move the houseboat to their property and continue living in it on dry land.
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Rozz Williams
Rozz Williams (born Roger Alan Painter November 6, 1963 – April 1, 1998) was an American vocalist and musician of several varieties, most famous for fronting the band Christian Death, then later Shadow Project with musician Eva O, though his main project throughout his career was the industrial Premature Ejaculation. He is also cited by some as a pioneer of the American Gothic scene as well as deathrock.
Other musical projects he was involved in include Premature Ejaculation, Daucus Karota, Heltir, and EXP. Williams also recorded several solo albums.
On November 6, 1963, Rozz Williams was born Roger Alan Painter in Pomona, California, and was raised in a strict Southern Baptist family with his three older siblings (one sister, two brothers) in Pomona, California. As a child, he was a fan of David Bowie, Roxy Music, T.Rex, Alice Cooper, Iggy Pop, and The New York Dolls. When he reached adolescence in the late 1970s, he became attracted to the punk rock music scene. In his teenage years, he found the name "Rozz Williams" on a Pomona gravestone and decided to use it as his own.
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Saddam Hussein
Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (Arabic: صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي Ṣaddām Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Maǧīd al-Tikrītī; 28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was the fifth President of Iraq, serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003. A leading member of the revolutionary Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and later, the Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party and its regional organisation Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region, which espoused ba'athism, a mix of Arab nationalism and Arab socialism, Saddam played a key role in the 1968 coup, later referred to as the 17 July Revolution, that brought the party to long-term power of Iraq.
As vice president under the ailing General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, and at a time when many groups were considered capable of overthrowing the government, Saddam created security forces through which he tightly controlled conflict between the government and the armed forces. In the early 1970s, Saddam nationalized oil and other industries. The state-owned banks were put under his control, leaving the system eventually insolvent mostly due to the Iran–Iraq War, the Gulf War, and UN sanctions. Through the 1970s, Saddam cemented his authority over the apparatuses of government as oil money helped Iraq's economy to grow at a rapid pace. Positions of power in the country were filled with Sunnis, a minority that made up only a fifth of the population.
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Sani Abacha
General Sani Abacha (20 September 1943 – 8 June 1998) was a Nigerian military dictator and politician. He was the de facto President of Nigeria from 1993 to 1998. His regime was tied to human rights violations and allegations of corruption.
A Kanuri from Borno by tribe, Abacha was born and brought up in Kano, Nigeria. He attended the Nigerian Military School and Mons Officer Cadet School before being commissioned as a 2nd lieutenant in 1963.
Abacha was commissioned in 1963, after he had attended the Mons Defence Officers cadet Training College in Aldershot, England. Before then, he had attended the Nigerian Military Training College in Kaduna. He took part in the countercoup of July 1967, from the conceptual stage, and may have been a participant in the Lagos or Abeokuta phases of the January 1966 coup. He was also a prominent figure in three coup d'etats of later decades, the first two of which brought and removed General Muhammadu Buhari from power in 1983. When General Ibrahim Babangida was named President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria in 1985, Abacha was named Chief of Army Staff. He was later appointed Minister of Defence in 1990.
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Sean A. Moore
Sean A. Moore (April 20, 1964 - February 23, 1998) was an American fantasy and science fiction writer, and computer programmer. His primary significance as a writer is for his three pastiche novels featuring Robert E. Howard's sword and sorcery hero Conan and for his work on the screenplay of the movie Kull the Conqueror, and novelization of the same film.
Moore was a resident of Boulder, Colorado, where he worked in the field of computer programming in a number of different capacities, including programmer, systems operations specialist, and writer of computer games. He was employed as a programmer by Aspen Systems, Inc. He was also a designer of board games. His hobbies included playing computer games and fencing.
Moore died in a car crash in Boulder. He was survived by his wife. Services were held five days after his death in Denver.
Moore was active as both a fan and a professional writer in the community of Colorado fantasy and science fiction enthusiasts. Initially writing part-time, he had become a full-time writer at the time of his death, primarily for Tor Books. His last work was an unfinished science fiction horror novel, provisionally titled Diggers. He was a member of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA).
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Sergey Brin
Sergey Mikhaylovich Brin (Russian: Сергей Михайлович Брин; born August 21, 1973) is a Russian-American computer scientist and Internet entrepreneur who, with Larry Page, co-founded Google, one of the most profitable Internet companies. As of 2012[update], his personal wealth is estimated to be $18.7 billion. Together, Brin and Page own about 16 percent of the company's stake.
Brin immigrated to the United States from the Soviet Union at the age of six. He earned his undergraduate degree at the University of Maryland, following in his father's and grandfather's footsteps by studying mathematics, as well as computer science. After graduation, he moved to Stanford University to acquire a Ph.D in computer science. There he met Larry Page, with whom he later became friends. They crammed their dormitory room with inexpensive computers and applied Brin's data mining system to build a superior search engine. The program became popular at Stanford and they suspended their PhD studies to start up Google in a rented garage.
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Shari Lewis
Shari Lewis (January 17, 1933 – August 2, 1998) was an American ventriloquist, puppeteer, and children's television show host, most popular during the 1960s and 1990s. She was best known as the original puppeteer of Lamb Chop, first appearing on Hi Mom, a local morning show that aired on WRCA-TV (now WNBC-TV) in New York City.
Lewis was born as Sonia Phyllis Hurwitz to Abraham Hurwitz, an education professor at Yeshiva University, and Ann Ritz. She had one sister. Her parents encouraged her to perform, and by age 13 her father taught her to perform specialized magic acts. He had been named New York City's "official magician" by Mayor Fiorello H. LaGuardia during the Great Depression. She also received instruction in acrobatics, juggling, ice skating, baton twirling, piano and violin. She was taught ventriloquism by John W. Cooper. Lewis continued piano and violin at New York's High School of Music and Art, dance at the American School of Ballet, and acting with Sanford Meisner of the Neighborhood Playhouse. She attended Barnard College for one year, then left college to go into show business.
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Shotaro Ishinomori
Shotaro Ishinomori (石ノ森 章太郎, Ishinomori Shōtarō?, January 25, 1938 – January 28, 1998) was a Japanese manga artist who became an influential figure in manga, anime, and tokusatsu, creating several immensely popular long-running series such as Cyborg 009 and Himitsu Sentai Gorenger, what would go on to become part of the Super Sentai series, and the Kamen Rider Series. He was twice awarded by the Shogakukan Manga Award, in 1968 for Sabu to Ichi Torimono Hikae and in 1988 for Hotel and Manga Nihon Keizai Nyumon. He was born and named Shotaro Onodera (小野寺 章太郎, Onodera Shōtarō?) in Tome, Miyagi, and was also known as Shotaro Ishimori (石森 章太郎, Ishimori Shōtarō?) before 1986, when he changed his family name to Ishinomori with "ノ".
Cyborg 009, created in 1963, became the first superpowered hero team created in Japan, featuring nine cybernetic warriors. That same year, Kazumasa Hirai and Jiro Kuwata created Japan's first android superhero, 8 Man (which predated Ishinomori's Kikaider by nine years). The success of the tokusatsu superhero TV series Kamen Rider, produced by Toei Company Ltd. in 1971, led to the birth of the "Transforming" (henshin) superhero (human-sized superheroes who transform by doing a pose, and use martial arts to fight henchmen and the weekly monster), and resulted in many sequel shows to this day. Ishinomori then created many similar superhero dramas, which were once again all produced by Toei or in Sarutobi Ecchan's case Toei Animation, including Android Kikaider, Henshin Ninja Arashi, Inazuman, Robotto Keiji, Himitsu Sentai Gorenger (the first Super Sentai series), Kaiketsu Zubat, Akumaizer 3, Sarutobi Ecchan, the Toei Fushigi Comedy Series and countless others. He even created popular children's shows such as Hoshi no Ko Chobin (Chobin, Child of the Stars, 1974, a co-production with Studio Zero which was a major success on Italian television), and Ganbare!! Robokon.
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Sid Luckman
Sidney Luckman, known as Sid Luckman, (November 21, 1916 – July 5, 1998) was an American football quarterback for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL) from 1939 to 1950. During his 12 seasons with the Bears he led them to four NFL championships.
Luckman was the first modern T-formation quarterback and is considered the greatest long range passer of his time. He was named the NFL's Most Valuable Player in 1943, and Pulitzer prize winning sports writer Ira Berkow wrote that Luckman was "the first great T-formation quarterback". Following his retirement from playing, Luckman continued his association with football by tutoring college coaches, focusing on the passing aspect of the game.
Luckman was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1965, and in 1988 he was declared a joint winner of the Walter Camp Distinguished American Award.
Luckman was born in Brooklyn, New York, to Jewish immigrants from Germany. His father sparked his interest in American football at age eight, by giving him a football to play with. He and his parents lived in a residence near Prospect Park and it was here as a youngster that Sid first started throwing the football around.
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Sonny Bono
Salvatore Phillip "Sonny" Bono (/ˈboʊnoʊ/; February 16, 1935 – January 5, 1998) was an American recording artist, record producer, actor, and politician whose career spanned over three decades.
Born in Detroit to Italian immigrants Jean and Santo, Sonny was the youngest of three siblings; he had two older sisters, Fran and Betty. Bono attended Inglewood High School in Inglewood, California, but did not graduate.[which?]
Bono began his music career working at Specialty Records where his song "Things You Do to Me" was recorded by Sam Cooke, and went on to work for the legendary record producer Phil Spector in the early 1960s as a promotion man, percussionist and "gofer". One of his earliest songwriting efforts was "Needles and Pins" which he co-wrote with Jack Nitzsche, another member of Spector's production team. Later in the same decade, he achieved commercial success, along with his then-wife Cher, as part of the singing duo Sonny and Cher. Bono wrote, arranged, and produced a number of hit records with singles like "I Got You Babe" and "The Beat Goes On", although Cher received more attention as a performer. He also played a major part in Cher's early solo career with recordings such as "Bang Bang" and "You Better Sit Down Kids".
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Stu Unger
Stuart Errol "Stu" Ungar (September 8, 1953 – November 22, 1998) was a professional poker and gin rummy player, widely regarded to have been the greatest Texas hold 'em and gin rummy player of all time.
He is one of only two people to have won the World Series of Poker Main Event three times (Johnny Moss also has three WSOP titles but his first was obtained by a vote of the players, not by winning a tournament). He is also the only person to win Amarillo Slim's Super Bowl of Poker three times, the world's second most prestigious poker title during its time.
Ungar was born to Jewish parents and raised on Manhattan's Lower East Side. His father, Isadore ("Ido") Ungar, was a loan shark who ran a bar/social club called Foxes Corner that doubled as a gambling establishment, exposing Stu to gambling at a young age. Despite Ido's attempts to keep his son from gambling after seeing its effects on his regular customers, Stu began playing underground gin and quickly made a name for himself. Ungar was gifted at school and skipped seventh grade, but then dropped out of school in tenth grade.
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Suharto
Suharto (help·info) (8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was the second President of Indonesia, having held the office for 31 years from 1967 following Sukarno's removal until his resignation in 1998.
Suharto was born in a small village, Kemusuk, in the Godean area near Yogyakarta, during the Dutch colonial era. He grew up in humble circumstances. His Javanese peasant parents divorced not long after his birth, and he was passed between foster parents for much of his childhood. During the Japanese occupation of Indonesia, Suharto served in Japanese-organised Indonesian security forces. Indonesia's independence struggle saw him joining the newly formed Indonesian army. Suharto rose to the rank of Major General following Indonesian independence. An attempted coup on 30 September 1965 was countered by Suharto-led troops and was blamed on the Indonesian Communist Party. The army subsequently led an anti-communist purge, and Suharto wrested power from Indonesia's founding president, Sukarno. He was appointed acting president in 1967 and President the following year. Support for Suharto's presidency was strong throughout the 1970s and 1980s but eroded following a severe financial crisis that led to widespread unrest and his resignation in May 1998. Suharto died in 2008.
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Taiwan
Taiwan (i/ˌtaɪˈwɑːn/ TY-WAHN; Chinese: 臺灣 or 台灣; pinyin: Táiwān; see below), officially the Republic of China (ROC; Chinese: 中華民國; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó), is a state in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China now governs the island of Taiwan (formerly known as Formosa), which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other minor islands. Neighboring states include the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east and northeast, and the Philippines to the south. Taipei is the capital city and economic and cultural centre of the country, and New Taipei is the most populous city.
The earliest evidence of inhabitation of Taiwan dates back to the late Paleolithic era. The island of Taiwan was mainly inhabited by Taiwanese aborigines before being colonized in the 17th century by the Dutch and the Spanish Empire. The first Han Chinese polity on Taiwan began when Koxinga's troops defeated Dutch forces and established the Kingdom of Tungning. The island was subsequently ruled by the Qing Dynasty after the kingdom's defeat in the Battle of Penghu in 1683, a period that lasted for over 200 years. Following Japan's victory over the Qing Dynasty in the first Sino-Japanese war, Taiwan was ceded to Japan under the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895.
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Tammy Wynette
Virginia Wynette Pugh, known professionally as Tammy Wynette, (May 5, 1942 – April 6, 1998) was an American country music singer-songwriter and one of the genre's best-known artists and biggest-selling woman singers.
Wynette was sometimes called the "First Lady of Country Music", and her best-known song, Stand by Your Man, was one of the best-selling hit singles by a woman in the history of the country music genre. Many of Wynette's hits dealt with classic themes of loneliness, divorce, and the difficulties of man-woman relationships. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Wynette ranked high in the country sales charts with 17 number-one songs. Along with Loretta Lynn, Lynn Anderson, and Dolly Parton, Wynette defined the role of women in country music during the 1970s.
Wynette's marriage to the country singer George Jones in 1969, which end in divorce in 1975, created a country music "couple", following the earlier success of Johnny Cash and June Carter Cash. Jones and Wynette recorded a sequence of duet albums and single records that hit the charts throughout the 1970s.
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Ted Hughes
Edward James "Ted" Hughes, OM (17 August 1930 – 28 October 1998) was an English poet and children's writer. Critics routinely rank him as one of the best poets of his generation. Hughes was British Poet Laureate from 1984 until his death.
Hughes was married to American poet Sylvia Plath, from 1956 until her death by suicide in 1963 at the age of 30. His part in the relationship became controversial to some feminists and (particularly) American admirers of Plath. His last poetic work, Birthday Letters (1998), explored their complex relationship. These poems make reference to Plath's suicide, but none of them addresses directly the circumstances of her death. A poem discovered in October 2010, Last letter, describes what happened during the three days leading up to Plath's suicide.
In 2008 The Times ranked Hughes fourth on their list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".
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Theodore Kaczynski
Theodore John "Ted" Kaczynski ( /kəˈzɪnski/ ka-ZIN-skee, or ka-CHIN-skee; Polish: Kaczyński, pronounced [kaˈt͡ʂɨȷ̃skʲi]; born May 22, 1942), also known as the "Unabomber" (a portmanteau of UNiversity and Airline BOMBER), is an American mathematician, social critic, and Neo-Luddite who engaged in a mail bombing campaign that spanned nearly 20 years, killing three people and injuring 23 others.
Kaczynski was born in Chicago, Illinois, where, as an intellectual child prodigy, he excelled academically from an early age. Kaczynski was accepted into Harvard University at the age of 16, where he earned an undergraduate degree, and later earned a PhD in mathematics from the University of Michigan. He became an assistant professor at the University of California, Berkeley at age 25, but resigned two years later.
In 1971, he moved to a remote cabin without electricity or running water, in Lincoln, Montana, where he lived as a recluse while learning survival skills in an attempt to become self-sufficient. He decided to start a bombing campaign after watching the wilderness around his home being destroyed by development. From 1978 to 1995, Kaczynski sent 16 bombs to targets including universities and airlines, killing 3 people and injuring 23. Kaczynski sent a letter to The New York Times on April 24, 1995 and promised "to desist from terrorism" if the Times or The Washington Post published his manifesto, Industrial Society and Its Future (also called the "Unabomber Manifesto"), in which he argued that his bombings were extreme but necessary to attract attention to the erosion of human freedom necessitated by modern technologies requiring large-scale organization.
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Theodore Schultz
Theodore William Schultz (April 30, 1902 – February 26, 1998) was the 1979 winner (jointly with William Arthur Lewis) of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.
He was born in Arlington, South Dakota, enrolled in South Dakota State College in 1921 to study agriculture, graduated in 1927, then entered the University of Wisconsin–Madison earning his doctorate in Agricultural Economics in 1930.
He taught at Iowa State College from 1930 to 1943, and then moved to the University of Chicago. He later became president of the American Economic Association. He died in Evanston, Illinois in 1998.
Schultz was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work in development economics, focusing on the economics of agriculture. He analysed the role of agriculture within the economy, and his work has had far reaching implications on industrialisation policy, both in developing and developed nations. Schultz also promulgated the idea of educational capital, an offshoot of the concept of human capital, relating specifically to the investments made in education.
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Theresa Merritt
Theresa Merritt Hines (September 24, 1922 – June 12, 1998) was an American stage, film and television actress and singer.
Born in Emporia, Virginia, Merritt appeared in many theatrical productions but gained fame later in life when she starred in Ma Rainey's Black Bottom (Tony Award nomination) and The Wiz (she replaced Mabel King as Evelline, and although the demanding role was a highly visible one for her she left it, citing its deleterious effect on her voice) and the television series That's My Mama.
Her most notable film roles were Aunt Em in the 1978 film version of The Wiz, Mrs. Crosby in the 1977 film adaptation of Neil Simon's The Goodbye Girl and Juanita in the Adam Sandler comedy Billy Madison. She also appeared alongside Burt Reynolds and Dolly Parton in the film adaptation of The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas.
Merritt was married to Benjamin Hines; they had four children. Merritt died of skin cancer on June 12, 1998 in The Bronx.
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Todd Duncan
Robert Todd Duncan (February 12, 1903 – February 28, 1998) was an American baritone opera singer and actor.
Todd Duncan was born in Danville, Kentucky in 1903. He obtained his musical training at Butler University in Indianapolis with a B.A. in music followed by an M.A. from Columbia University Teachers College.
In 1933, Duncan debuted in Pietro Mascagni's Cavalleria rusticana at the Mecca Temple in New York with the Aeolian Opera, a black opera company.
Duncan was George Gershwin's personal choice as the first performer of the role of Porgy in Porgy and Bess in 1935 and played the role more than 1,800 times. He led the cast during the Washington run of Porgy and Bess at the National Theatre in 1936, to protest the theatre's policy of segregation. Duncan stated that he "would never play in a theater which barred him from purchasing tickets to certain seats because of his race." Eventually management would give into the demands and allow for the first integrated performance at National Theatre. Duncan was also the first performer for the role of Stephen Kumalo in Kurt Weill's Lost in the Stars.
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Todor Zhivkov
Todor Hristov Zhivkov (Bulgarian: Тодор Христов Живков); IPA: [ˈtɔdɔr ˈxristɔf ˈʒifkɔf]) (7 September 1911 – 5 August 1998) was the communist president of the People's Republic of Bulgaria (PRB) from March 4, 1954 until November 10, 1989.
He became First Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party in 1954 and remained on this position for 35 years, until 1989, thus becoming the longest-serving leader of any Eastern Bloc nation, and one of the longest ruling non-royal leaders in history. His rule marked a period of unprecedented political and economic stability for Bulgaria, marked both by complete submission of Bulgaria to Soviet rule and a desire for expanding ties with the West. His rule remained unchallenged until the deterioration of East-West relations in the 1980s, when a stagnating economic situation, a worsening international image and growing careerism and corruption in the BCP weakened his positions. He resigned on November 10, 1989, under pressure by senior BCP members due to his refusal to recognize problems and deal with public protests. Only two months later, in January 1990, the People's Republic of Bulgaria and its Communist system ceased to exist.
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Unabomber
Theodore John "Ted" Kaczynski ( /kəˈzɪnski/ ka-ZIN-skee, or ka-CHIN-skee; Polish: Kaczyński, pronounced [kaˈt͡ʂɨȷ̃skʲi]; born May 22, 1942), also known as the "Unabomber" (a portmanteau of UNiversity and Airline BOMBER), is an American mathematician, social critic, and Neo-Luddite who engaged in a mail bombing campaign that spanned nearly 20 years, killing three people and injuring 23 others.
Kaczynski was born in Chicago, Illinois, where, as an intellectual child prodigy, he excelled academically from an early age. Kaczynski was accepted into Harvard University at the age of 16, where he earned an undergraduate degree, and later earned a PhD in mathematics from the University of Michigan. He became an assistant professor at the University of California, Berkeley at age 25, but resigned two years later.
In 1971, he moved to a remote cabin without electricity or running water, in Lincoln, Montana, where he lived as a recluse while learning survival skills in an attempt to become self-sufficient. He decided to start a bombing campaign after watching the wilderness around his home being destroyed by development. From 1978 to 1995, Kaczynski sent 16 bombs to targets including universities and airlines, killing 3 people and injuring 23. Kaczynski sent a letter to The New York Times on April 24, 1995 and promised "to desist from terrorism" if the Times or The Washington Post published his manifesto, Industrial Society and Its Future (also called the "Unabomber Manifesto"), in which he argued that his bombings were extreme but necessary to attract attention to the erosion of human freedom necessitated by modern technologies requiring large-scale organization.
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Vladimir Prelog
Vladimir Prelog FRS (23 July 1906 – 7 January 1998) was a Croatian organic chemist and Nobel Prize winner in chemistry. Prelog lived and worked in Prague, Zagreb and Zürich during his lifetime.
Prelog was born in Sarajevo, Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina, at that time within the Austro-Hungarian Empire, to Croat parents who were working there. His father Milan was a history professor in gymnasium in Sarajevo and later at University of Zagreb. As an 8-year old boy, he stood near the place where assassination of Franz Ferdinand occurred. Prelog attended elementary school in Sarajevo, but in 1915, as a child, Prelog moved to Zagreb (Croatia) with his parents. In Zagreb he graduated from elementary school. At first he attended gymnasium in Zagreb, but soon afterwords, his father got job in Osijek, so he continued his education there. He was in Osijek gymnasium for two years, where he become interested in chemistry under influence of his professor Ivan Kuria. In 1922, as a 16-year old boy, he described a new solution for an analytic instrument in chemical lab for the prominent German scientific magazine Chemiker Zeitung. His description was published, which was his first scientific work. Prelog completed his high school education in Zagreb in 1924. Following his father's wishes, he moved to Prague where he received his diploma in chemical engineering from the Czech Technical University in 1928 and gaiend Sc.D in 1929. His teacher was Emil Votoček, while his assistant and mentor Rudolf Lukeš introduced him to the world of organic chemistry.
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Walter Kohn
Walter Kohn (born March 9, 1923, in Vienna, Austria) is an Austrian-born American theoretical physicist. He was awarded, with John Pople, the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1998. The award recognized their contributions to the understandings of the electronic properties of materials. In particular, Kohn played the leading role in the development of density functional theory, which made it possible to incorporate quantum mechanical effects in the electronic density (rather than through its many-body wavefunction). This computational simplification led to many insights and became an essential tool for electronic materials, atomic and molecular structure.
Kohn arrived in England as part of the famous Kindertransport rescue operation, immediately after the annexation of Austria by Hitler. He is from a Jewish family, both of his parents were later killed in the Holocaust. Because he was a German national, he was sent to Canada by the English in July 1940. As a 17-year-old, Kohn traveled as part of a British convoy moving through U-boat-infested waters to Quebec City in Canada; and from there, by train, to a camp in Trois-Rivières. He was at first held in detention in a camp near Sherbrooke, Quebec. This camp, as well as others, provided a small number of educational facilities that Kohn used to the fullest, and he finally succeeded in entering the University of Toronto. As a German national, the future Nobel laureate in chemistry was not allowed to enter the chemistry building, and so he opted for physics and mathematics. A short but fascinating autobiography may be found on the Nobelist webpage.
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Wendy O. Williams
Wendy Orlean Williams (May 28, 1949 – April 6, 1998), better known as Wendy O. Williams, was the lead singer for the American punk band the Plasmatics, as well as a solo artist. Her stage theatrics included blowing up equipment, near nudity and chain-sawing guitars.
Dubbed "The Queen of Shock Rock," Williams was widely considered the most controversial and radical female singer of her day. She often sported a Mohawk haircut. Williams was nominated in 1985 for a Grammy in the Best Female Rock Vocal Performance category during the height of her popularity as a solo artist.
Williams was born in Webster, New York. Early on, she was destined to be in the music industry, as she studied clarinet at the Eastman School of Music. She even appeared on the "Howdy Doody Show" as a member of the "Peanut Gallery". She attended R.L. Thomas (public) High School in Webster at least partway through the tenth grade, but apparently left school before graduating. At the age of 16, she hitchhiked her way to Colorado where she earned money selling crocheted string bikinis. She headed for Florida and then to Europe, where she worked as a macrobiotic cook in London and then as a dancer with a gypsy dance troupe. In 1976 she arrived at the Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York City where she saw an ad in Show Business Magazine that lay open on the bus station floor. It was a casting call for radical anti-artist and Yale MFA graduate Rod Swenson's experimental "Captain Kink's Theatre". She replied to the ad and there was immediate chemistry between Swenson, known as Captain Kink, and Williams, which began a 22-year relationship that would see her launched as lead singer of the punk/metal rock group the Plasmatics some two years later.
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William Gaddis
William Thomas Gaddis, Jr. (December 29, 1922 – December 16, 1998) was an American novelist. The first and longest of his five novels, The Recognitions, was named one of TIME magazine's 100 best novels from 1923 to 2005 and two others won the annual U.S. National Book Award for Fiction. A collection of his essays was published posthumously as The Rush for Second Place (2002).
Gaddis is one of the first and most important American postmodern writers. Because of their complexity and inventiveness in structure and style, his novels are often challenging to read; for example, his National Book Award winners J R and A Frolic of His Own are written almost entirely in dialogue form and without much description, which sometimes confuses which character is speaking. His books are also known for their extensive use of literary and cultural allusions, some of which are annotated in the The Gaddis Annotations.
Gaddis was born in New York City to William Thomas Gaddis, who worked "on Wall Street and in politics", and Edith Gaddis, an executive for the New York Steam Corporation. When he was 3, his parents separated and Gaddis was subsequently raised by his mother in Massapequa, Long Island. At age 5 he was sent to Merricourt Boarding School in Berlin, Connecticut. He continued in private school until the eighth grade, after which he returned to Long Island to receive his diploma at Farmingdale High School in 1941. He entered Harvard in 1941 and famously wrote for the Harvard Lampoon (where he eventually served as President), but was asked to leave in 1944, supposedly because of a drunken brawl, though the circumstances are unclear.[citation needed] He worked as a fact checker for The New Yorker for little over a year (late February 1945 until late April 1946), then spent five years traveling in Mexico, Central America, Spain, France, England, and North Africa, returning to the United States in 1951.
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Wright Morris
Wright Marion Morris (January 6, 1910 – April 25, 1998) was an American novelist, photographer, and essayist. He is known for his portrayals of the people and artifacts of the Great Plains in words and pictures, as well as for experimenting with narrative forms. Wright Morris died April 25, 1998 at the age of 88 years. He is buried in the Chapman Cemetery.
Morris was born in Central City, Nebraska; his boyhood home is on the National Register of Historic Places. His mother, Grace Osborn Morris, died six days after he was born. His father, William Henry Morris, worked for the Union Pacific Railroad. After Grace's death, Wright was cared for by a nanny, until his father made a trip to Omaha and returned with a young wife, Gertrude. In Will's Boy, Morris states, "Gertrude was closer to my age than to my father's". Gertrude hated small-town life, but got along famously with Wright, as they shared many of the same childish tastes (both loved games, movies, and ice cream). In 1919, the family moved to Omaha, where they resided until 1924.
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Yang Shangkun
Yang Shangkun (5 July 1907 – 14 September 1998) was President of the People's Republic of China from 1988 to 1993, and was a powerful Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission. He was married to Li Bozhao in 1929, one of the few women to participate in the Long March, as did Yang.On the position of the president he succeeded a very influential leader Li Xiannian.
Yang attended university in Shanghai before studying Marxist theory in Moscow, making him one of the most well-educated leaders of the early Chinese Communist Party. Yang returned to China as one of the 28 Bolsheviks and originally supported the early communist leader Zhang Guotao, but switched allegiance to Mao's faction during the Long March. He served as a political commissar during the Chinese Civil War and the Second Sino-Japanese War.
After the founding of the People's Republic in 1949, Yang held a number of political positions, eventually becoming a member of the powerful CCP Central Committee. He was purged when the Cultural Revolution broke out in 1966, and was not recalled until 1978, after Deng Xiaoping rose to power where he became one of the Eight Elders of Communist Party of China. Yang promoted economic reform but opposed political liberalization, a position which Deng eventually came to identify with. Yang reached the height of his political career after the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, but his organized opposition to Jiang Zemin's leadership led Deng to force Yang to retire.
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Yuri Artyukhin
Yury Petrovich Artyukhin (Russian: Ю́рий Петро́вич Артю́хин; June 22, 1930 – August 4, 1998) was a Soviet Russian cosmonaut and engineer who made a single flight into space.
Artyukhin graduated from the Soviet Air Force Institute with a doctorate in engineering, specialising in military communication systems. He was selected for the space programme in 1963 and would have flown on the Voskhod 3 mission had it not been cancelled. He made his single flight on Soyuz 14 in 1974, where his area of expertise was presumably put to good use.
He left the space programme in 1982 and held various positions in space-related fields. Most notably, he was involved in the development of the Soviet space shuttle Buran and in cosmonaut training.
He died after a long battle with cancer.
He was awarded:
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Zachary Gordon
Zachary Adam Gordon (born February 15, 1998) is an American film and television teen actor, best known for playing Greg Heffley in the Diary of a Wimpy Kid films which are based on Jeff Kinney's #1 New York Times best seller Diary of a Wimpy Kid.
Gordon was born in California, to Linda and Ken Gordon. He has two siblings, Josh and Kyle, and was raised in Southern California. He is Jewish, from a practicing family, and attends a public middle school in Oak Park, California.
Gordon's résumé includes many television appearances, such as All of Us and How I Met Your Mother. He has also appeared in the 2008 opening of Desperate Housewives, and 24, which aired in January 2009.
His film credits (2007–2008) include Sex and Death 101, Lower Learning, the Garry Marshall film Georgia Rule (for which he won the "Young Artist Award" for his portrayal of Ethan), The Brothers Bloom, as Young Bloom, and alongside Nicolas Cage in National Treasure: Book of Secrets (2007). Gordon has been credited with numeous voice-over roles including "Brad Spolyt" in The Chubbchubbs Save Xmas, "Ricky Garcia" in Project Gilroy, "San San" in Nick Jr.'s Ni Hao, Kai-Lan and The Mighty B! He is a series regular as the voice of Gil, one of the lead roles in the Nickelodeon series, Bubble Guppies. Gordon has voice acted as Baby Melman in the animated film, Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa, Kotaro in Afro Sumurai: Resurrection, and Young Tony Stark in The Super Hero Squad Show. In 2010, he played Greg Heffley in the film Diary of a Wimpy Kid, and in 2011 appeared as Papi Jr. in Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2.
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Zhang Chongren
Zhang Chongren (simplified Chinese: 张充仁; traditional Chinese: 張充仁; pinyin: Zhāng Chōngrén; Wade–Giles: Chang Ch'ung-jen (27 September 1907 – 8 October 1998), was a Chinese artist and sculptor best remembered in Europe as the friend of Hergé, the Belgian comics writer and artist and creator of The Adventures of Tintin. The two met when Zhang was an art student in Brussels.
Zhang was born the son of a gardener in 1907 in Xujiahui (Ziccawei), then a suburb of Shanghai, China. The young Zhang lost both his parents at an early age and grew up in the French jesuit orphanage of Tou-Se-we (now Tushanwan) where he entered at the age of seven, and where he learned French. He then entered the Art School of the orphanage, where he learned to draw, and was systematically educated in Western art. After finishing school in 1928, Zhang worked with design for the film industry and at a local newspaper. In 1931, he left China for the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in Brussels, Belgium.
Hergé's early Tintin albums were highly dependent on stereotypes for 'comedic' effect. These included evil Russian Bolsheviks, black Africans as lazy and dumb, and an America of gangsters and cowboys and Indians.
wn.com/Zhang_Chongren
karaoke
White Stones, Queens 1974
Fathers talking shit
motherfucker slam the door
Hittin' the streets runnin' can I take this any more?
In the reins of the trains I cuddle on the floor
Well the park bench, door and
Sleeping in the rain
Little kids sitting in the shooting gallery
Set yourself up
rom innocence to misery
Oh if this is what you want not
the way of what they fucking say
Hangin out with Sid yet again in the USA
Sidney Sidney in the USA
Lower east side 1976
Who's got the dope and
who's turning tricks?
Should I call a user all for a fix?
Rippen off some lady just to avoid from gettin' sick
But a life runs low when you got no where to go
What the fuck happens to your soul when your low
Is he comin' over is he comin' home
Oh momma's disappointed waiting by the phone
Yeah!!!
Hangin out with Sid yet again in the USA
Sidney Sidney in the USA
Same fuckin' shit 1998
Lifting bait, and by the motherfuckers that he hates
Hit some fucking people by the Kennedy strait
Who's got the bag gonna seal his fate?
Well the park bench, door and
Sleeping here for free
Little kids sitting in the shooting gallery
Set yourself up for manifested misery
Well this is what you want
not the way they fucking say
Hangin out with Sid yet again in the USA
Ooooooh, ooooo-ooooh
(Go, go!)
Oh-oh oh-oh woah, oh-oh-oooooh
[Rap]
When you go on the floor and turn it loose
Move those sexy legs and feel the boost
Hard to know where ever my steps might end
Let the party go on - In a way you're going fine by me
Come on, try it like this
Wait too long, you got nothing right there where you
standing,
Hell yeah, I'm the man
What else you you expect from my beautiful command?
[Sung]
I want to take you where (I want to take you where)
(go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go, c'mon!)
We can party (we can party)
From dusk 'til dawn (1998!)
I know you feel (I know you feel) (go, go, go, go, go,
go, go, go, go, go, c'mon!)
Like letting go (let it go)...
The music make you high
The music has the power
[Rap]
(Music make you high)
One, two - are you with me?
Feel the beat and make your body sweat
(Music make you higher)
Like a sheer taste, start things again
Go X - and Y, movin' free
(Music take you higher)
Party up, fellas like your dreams
Stay, don't miss the pow'r again
(Oh, music make you higher)
Free that mind,
Work your body 'til it's wet and soakin'
We hot 'n smokin'!
[Sung]
You got to bring your mind (bring it up, let it go, let
it go!)
And then (come on, come on, come on, come on, come on,
come on, come on!)
Work that body
Go on, get down (1998!)
Oh, go with me (Oh go with me) (go, go, go, go, go, go,
go, go, go, go, c'mon!)
And let go (you gotta let it go)
The music make you high (and it make you high)
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binary finary-1998
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:44
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
CLASSIC TRACK binary finary 1998
http://wn.com/binary_finary-1998
CLASSIC TRACK binary finary 1998
The Best Songs 1998
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:52
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
Lo mejor del año 1998
http://wn.com/The_Best_Songs_1998
Lo mejor del año 1998
- published: 04 Nov 2010
- views: 1009130
- author: willtopsmusictv
Brandy & Monica - The Boy Is Mine (1998) + Lyrics
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:00
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
(chorus) You need to give it up. Had about enough. It's not hard to see, the boy is mine. I'm sorry that you Seem to be confused He belongs to me The boy is mine Brandy I think it's time we got this straight let's sit and talk face to face There is no way you could mistake him for your man - are you insane? Monica See I know that you may be just a bit jealous of me. But you're blind If you can't see that his love is all in me. Brandy You see I try to hesitate I didn't want to say what he told me He said without me he couldn't make it through the day, ain't that a shame. Monica Maybe your misunderstood Cause I can't see how he could wanna change something that's so good Because my love was all it took. (Chorus) Monica Must you do the things you do keep on acting like a fool You need to know it's me not you And if you didn't know it girl, it's true. Brandy I think that you should realize I'm trying to understand why He is a part of my life I know it's killing you inside. Monica You can say what you want to say What we have you can't take From the truth you can't escape I can tell the real from the fake. Brandy When will you get the picture Your the past I'm the future Get away it's my time to shine if you didn't know the boy is mine. (chorus x2) Monica You can't destroy this love I've found Your silly games I won't allow the boy is mine without a doubt You might as well throw in the towel. Brandy What makes you think that he wants you when I'm the one that brought him to ...
http://wn.com/Brandy_Monica_The_Boy_Is_Mine_1998_+_Lyrics
(chorus) You need to give it up. Had about enough. It's not hard to see, the boy is mine. I'm sorry that you Seem to be confused He belongs to me The boy is mine Brandy I think it's time we got this straight let's sit and talk face to face There is no way you could mistake him for your man - are you insane? Monica See I know that you may be just a bit jealous of me. But you're blind If you can't see that his love is all in me. Brandy You see I try to hesitate I didn't want to say what he told me He said without me he couldn't make it through the day, ain't that a shame. Monica Maybe your misunderstood Cause I can't see how he could wanna change something that's so good Because my love was all it took. (Chorus) Monica Must you do the things you do keep on acting like a fool You need to know it's me not you And if you didn't know it girl, it's true. Brandy I think that you should realize I'm trying to understand why He is a part of my life I know it's killing you inside. Monica You can say what you want to say What we have you can't take From the truth you can't escape I can tell the real from the fake. Brandy When will you get the picture Your the past I'm the future Get away it's my time to shine if you didn't know the boy is mine. (chorus x2) Monica You can't destroy this love I've found Your silly games I won't allow the boy is mine without a doubt You might as well throw in the towel. Brandy What makes you think that he wants you when I'm the one that brought him to ...
- published: 28 Apr 2009
- views: 9845121
- author: 99995555558888888
Binary Finary - 1998 (Original Mix)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:54
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
Please visit the Official Binary Finary Facebook Page www.facebook.com The original mix everyone wanted. If you would like to listen to the mp3 stream, go to www.binary-finary.com
http://wn.com/Binary_Finary_1998_Original_Mix
Please visit the Official Binary Finary Facebook Page www.facebook.com The original mix everyone wanted. If you would like to listen to the mp3 stream, go to www.binary-finary.com
- published: 19 Oct 2008
- views: 535605
- author: factorremix
Thursday (1998).avi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 84:11
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/Thursday_1998avi
- published: 26 Nov 2011
- views: 6925386
- author: drmaboomama
The First iMac Introduction
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:01
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
Here we see Steve Jobs introducing the very first iMac in 1998.
http://wn.com/The_First_iMac_Introduction
Here we see Steve Jobs introducing the very first iMac in 1998.
- published: 30 Jan 2006
- views: 1724967
- author: peestandingup
Out Of Sight
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 52:15
- Updated: 26 Nov 2012
* FREE NOLLYWOOD MOVIES ON iROKOtv - bit.ly The family of a lazy and irresponsible man put heads together to seek ways of retribution against him for being nonchalant about their welfare. Chiwetalu Agu, Sam Loco Efe, Abraham Nwodo (2010) FACEBOOK - on.fb.me TWITTER - bit.ly GOOGLE PLUS - bit.ly
http://wn.com/Out_Of_Sight
* FREE NOLLYWOOD MOVIES ON iROKOtv - bit.ly The family of a lazy and irresponsible man put heads together to seek ways of retribution against him for being nonchalant about their welfare. Chiwetalu Agu, Sam Loco Efe, Abraham Nwodo (2010) FACEBOOK - on.fb.me TWITTER - bit.ly GOOGLE PLUS - bit.ly
- published: 08 Feb 2011
- views: 59260
- author: NollywoodLove
Nuclear Testing 1945 - 1998 Complete Video HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:25
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
"2053" - This is the number of nuclear explosions conducted in various parts of the globe. Japanese artist Isao Hashimoto has created a beautiful, undeniably scary time-lapse map of the 2053 nuclear explosions which have taken place between 1945 and 1998, beginning with the Manhattan Project's "Trinity" test near Los Alamos and concluding with Pakistan's nuclear tests in May of 1998. This leaves out North Korea's two alleged nuclear tests in this past decade. Each nation gets a blip and a flashing dot on the map whenever they detonate a nuclear weapon, with a running tally kept on the top and bottom bars of the screen. Video credit: Isao Hashimoto
http://wn.com/Nuclear_Testing_1945_1998_Complete_Video_HD
"2053" - This is the number of nuclear explosions conducted in various parts of the globe. Japanese artist Isao Hashimoto has created a beautiful, undeniably scary time-lapse map of the 2053 nuclear explosions which have taken place between 1945 and 1998, beginning with the Manhattan Project's "Trinity" test near Los Alamos and concluding with Pakistan's nuclear tests in May of 1998. This leaves out North Korea's two alleged nuclear tests in this past decade. Each nation gets a blip and a flashing dot on the map whenever they detonate a nuclear weapon, with a running tally kept on the top and bottom bars of the screen. Video credit: Isao Hashimoto
- published: 06 Aug 2010
- views: 163465
- author: TitusFlavius79
Nuclear Detonation Timeline "1945-1998"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:00
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
The 2053 nuclear tests and explosions that took place between 1945 and 1998 are plotted visually and audibly on a world map. As the video starts out detonations are few and far between. The first three detonations represent the Manhattan Project and the two bombs that ended World War II. After a few representative minutes the USSR and Britain enter the nuclear club and the testing really starts to heat up. Even though the video does not differentiate between sub-critical "safety" tests and full detonations, you get a good idea of the fever of the nuclear arms race. The time line does not extent to tests by North Korea (October 2006 and May 2009). video credit: goes to Isao Hashimoto (www.ctbto.org/specials/1945-1998-by-isao-hashimoto/) The video was cleaned up, re-sized and edited to fit You tube's 10min limit by the folks at Bit of Fun
http://wn.com/Nuclear_Detonation_Timeline_1945-1998
The 2053 nuclear tests and explosions that took place between 1945 and 1998 are plotted visually and audibly on a world map. As the video starts out detonations are few and far between. The first three detonations represent the Manhattan Project and the two bombs that ended World War II. After a few representative minutes the USSR and Britain enter the nuclear club and the testing really starts to heat up. Even though the video does not differentiate between sub-critical "safety" tests and full detonations, you get a good idea of the fever of the nuclear arms race. The time line does not extent to tests by North Korea (October 2006 and May 2009). video credit: goes to Isao Hashimoto (www.ctbto.org/specials/1945-1998-by-isao-hashimoto/) The video was cleaned up, re-sized and edited to fit You tube's 10min limit by the folks at Bit of Fun
- published: 13 Jul 2010
- views: 387746
- author: 0Dont0Blink0
THE INTERNET on April 4th, 1998
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:22
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
One day almost 13 years ago I just decided to fill a VHS tape with me using the internet. I've edited out a lot of even more boring bits of this video, you're not missing much. I've uploaded this to show to friends, but it'd be cool if more people find something they enjoy here. 0:00 I visit #3dfx on IRC 4:17 I show off my old Geocities website 5:18 I check bluesnews.com for the latest gaming news 3 browsing the anime web turnpike 5:42 more #3dfx on IRC 9:07 I go to IGN64.com looking up news on the upcoming Zelda64
http://wn.com/THE_INTERNET_on_April_4th,_1998
One day almost 13 years ago I just decided to fill a VHS tape with me using the internet. I've edited out a lot of even more boring bits of this video, you're not missing much. I've uploaded this to show to friends, but it'd be cool if more people find something they enjoy here. 0:00 I visit #3dfx on IRC 4:17 I show off my old Geocities website 5:18 I check bluesnews.com for the latest gaming news 3 browsing the anime web turnpike 5:42 more #3dfx on IRC 9:07 I go to IGN64.com looking up news on the upcoming Zelda64
- published: 11 Jan 2011
- views: 419364
- author: DiamondGB
1998 NBA Finals - Utah Jazz Vs. Chicago Bulls - Game 6
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:28
- Updated: 28 Nov 2012
1998 NBA Finals - Utah Jazz Vs. Chicago Bulls - Game 6. Michael Jordans game winner, highlights etc
http://wn.com/1998_NBA_Finals_Utah_Jazz_Vs_Chicago_Bulls_Game_6
1998 NBA Finals - Utah Jazz Vs. Chicago Bulls - Game 6. Michael Jordans game winner, highlights etc
- published: 18 Jan 2008
- views: 1656743
- author: inventoryking
Duke Nukem Forever - E3 Trailer 1998
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:36
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
Visit: www.pixelor.de This is an official Trailer of the "upcoming" :P Game Duke Nukem Forever from 1998.
http://wn.com/Duke_Nukem_Forever_E3_Trailer_1998
Visit: www.pixelor.de This is an official Trailer of the "upcoming" :P Game Duke Nukem Forever from 1998.
- published: 11 Feb 2007
- views: 435549
- author: edgartheface
Obama In 1998: "I Actually Believe In Redistribution"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:36
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
At an October 19, 1998 conference at Loyola University, Barack Obama spoke against "propaganda" that said government doesn't work and the need to "pool resources and hence facilitate some redistribution because I actually believe in redistribution."
http://wn.com/Obama_In_1998_I_Actually_Believe_In_Redistribution
At an October 19, 1998 conference at Loyola University, Barack Obama spoke against "propaganda" that said government doesn't work and the need to "pool resources and hence facilitate some redistribution because I actually believe in redistribution."
- published: 18 Sep 2012
- views: 757002
- author: nick cruz
Tamia - So Into You (1998)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:56
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
The original 1998 version of So Into You TamiaWorld.com
http://wn.com/Tamia_So_Into_You_1998
The original 1998 version of So Into You TamiaWorld.com
- published: 23 Feb 2007
- views: 6583585
- author: TamiaWorld
Billy Crystal Oscars Opening -- 1998 Academy Awards
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:45
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
Billy Crystal's Oscars opening monologue at the 70th Academy Awards® in 1998.
http://wn.com/Billy_Crystal_Oscars_Opening_-_1998_Academy_Awards
Billy Crystal's Oscars opening monologue at the 70th Academy Awards® in 1998.
- published: 14 Dec 2011
- views: 81396
- author: Oscars
![Dr Motte & Westbam - One World One Future [love parade 1998]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121201044302im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/CDJ20spGymE/default.jpg "Dr Motte & Westbam - One World One Future [love parade 1998]")
Dr Motte & Westbam - One World One Future [love parade 1998]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:41
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
My first video upload. This song is one of the best Love Parade promo songs ever made. Music Store: itunes.apple.com
http://wn.com/Dr_Motte_Westbam_One_World_One_Future_love_parade_1998_
My first video upload. This song is one of the best Love Parade promo songs ever made. Music Store: itunes.apple.com
- published: 10 Feb 2007
- views: 1521687
- author: chansJar
Brandy - Have You Ever (1998)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:00
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
Brandy Have You Ever (From the album Never Say Never)
http://wn.com/Brandy_Have_You_Ever_1998
Brandy Have You Ever (From the album Never Say Never)
- published: 28 Apr 2009
- views: 5753656
- author: 99995555558888888
MCA ´s (Adam Yauch) true words from 1998 !!!! - RIP
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:29
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
Chuck D presents the Beastie Boys with the Video Vanguard award at the 1998 VMAs. watch it and think about it! "It is with great sadness that we confirm that musician, rapper, activist and director Adam 'MCA' Yauch, founding member of Beastie Boys and also of the Milarepa Foundation that produced the Tibetan Freedom Concert benefits, and film production and distribution company Oscilloscope Laboratories, passed away in his native New York City this morning after a near-three-year battle with cancer," reads an official statement from the Beastie Boys. "He was 47 years old." Read more: www.rollingstone.com
http://wn.com/MCA_´s_Adam_Yauch_true_words_from_1998_!!!!_RIP
Chuck D presents the Beastie Boys with the Video Vanguard award at the 1998 VMAs. watch it and think about it! "It is with great sadness that we confirm that musician, rapper, activist and director Adam 'MCA' Yauch, founding member of Beastie Boys and also of the Milarepa Foundation that produced the Tibetan Freedom Concert benefits, and film production and distribution company Oscilloscope Laboratories, passed away in his native New York City this morning after a near-three-year battle with cancer," reads an official statement from the Beastie Boys. "He was 47 years old." Read more: www.rollingstone.com
- published: 05 May 2012
- views: 258746
- author: TheBeatmaniacTBM
FINALE COUPE DU MONDE 1998
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:01
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
LES FAMEUX 3 BUTS
http://wn.com/FINALE_COUPE_DU_MONDE_1998
LES FAMEUX 3 BUTS
- published: 26 Dec 2007
- views: 1146077
- author: Serge VACANT
Godzilla
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 138:43
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
An enormous beast goes on a worldwide destructive rampage and is headed toward New York City. 1998 TriStar Pictures, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
http://wn.com/Godzilla
An enormous beast goes on a worldwide destructive rampage and is headed toward New York City. 1998 TriStar Pictures, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
- published: 28 Oct 2011
- author: CrackleUK
![Ronin [1998] - Car Chase - BMW vs Peugeot](http://web.archive.org./web/20121201044302im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/CVaNBrYLvFg/default.jpg "Ronin [1998] - Car Chase - BMW vs Peugeot")
Ronin [1998] - Car Chase - BMW vs Peugeot
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:46
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
A very spectacular car chase from the movie Ronin, starring Robert De Niro and Jean Reno
http://wn.com/Ronin_1998_Car_Chase_BMW_vs_Peugeot
A very spectacular car chase from the movie Ronin, starring Robert De Niro and Jean Reno
- published: 05 Jan 2008
- views: 538151
- author: applebooom
1998 Jeep Grand Cherokee 5.9 Limited Start Up, Exhaust, In Depth Tour, and Test Drive
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:22
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
Hello and welcome to Saabkyle04! YouTube's largest collection of automotive variety! In today's video, we will take an up close and personal in depth look one of the mightiest Jeep Grand Cherokees to come out of the late 90s, the 1998 5.9 Limited. With performance rivaling other competitors, Land Rover for example, it was considered one of the fastest SUVs of its time, think of it as almost the SRT-8 of it's day! During this presentation, we will take a 1st person look at what the suv is all about beginning with the start up, performance data, fuel economy, the occasional track data, and build quality. Also, I will teach you how to use most of the interior and exterior features in a detailed fashion, that before, you could only get from going to a dealership yourself! Throughout the video, I will highlight key styling and unique differences about the vehicle, any available options, and of course it would not be an enthusiast car video without the good ole engine portion with rev and exhaust note with interior and exterior perspectives. A test drive is also included to show how it drives and sounds on the road as well as ergonomics. A thorough tour/review of this suv designed to give others a greater overall appreciation of the vehicle. FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE CHANNEL SEE BELOW: In this channel you will find in depth reviews/tour of automobiles from all over the world, presented in a more detailed fashion than ever before. Basically, this gives the viewer the chance ...
http://wn.com/1998_Jeep_Grand_Cherokee_59_Limited_Start_Up,_Exhaust,_In_Depth_Tour,_and_Test_Drive
Hello and welcome to Saabkyle04! YouTube's largest collection of automotive variety! In today's video, we will take an up close and personal in depth look one of the mightiest Jeep Grand Cherokees to come out of the late 90s, the 1998 5.9 Limited. With performance rivaling other competitors, Land Rover for example, it was considered one of the fastest SUVs of its time, think of it as almost the SRT-8 of it's day! During this presentation, we will take a 1st person look at what the suv is all about beginning with the start up, performance data, fuel economy, the occasional track data, and build quality. Also, I will teach you how to use most of the interior and exterior features in a detailed fashion, that before, you could only get from going to a dealership yourself! Throughout the video, I will highlight key styling and unique differences about the vehicle, any available options, and of course it would not be an enthusiast car video without the good ole engine portion with rev and exhaust note with interior and exterior perspectives. A test drive is also included to show how it drives and sounds on the road as well as ergonomics. A thorough tour/review of this suv designed to give others a greater overall appreciation of the vehicle. FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE CHANNEL SEE BELOW: In this channel you will find in depth reviews/tour of automobiles from all over the world, presented in a more detailed fashion than ever before. Basically, this gives the viewer the chance ...
- published: 12 Dec 2011
- views: 64419
- author: saabkyle04
Helloween - I Can (1998)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:34
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
Composer: Michael Weikath & Andi Deris Publisher: Warner Chappell Music GmbH Upload by: David / helloween.org
http://wn.com/Helloween_I_Can_1998
Composer: Michael Weikath & Andi Deris Publisher: Warner Chappell Music GmbH Upload by: David / helloween.org
- published: 16 Aug 2006
- views: 1878334
- author: helloweenorg
photo: AP / Lefteris Pitarakis
30 Nov 2012
- For historians, it represents a treasure trove of boundless rewards and an opportunity to revisit some of the most enduring myths about Britain's colonial past. But for some of those still living with the physical and psychological scars, the release of thousands of previously secret government-held documents offers fresh hope of finally gaining a measure of justice for their suffering under British rule ... 1096 Source.. Al Jazeera ... ;">....(size: 22.4Kb)
photo: UN / Eric Kanalstein
29 Nov 2012
Just before she leapt from her roof into the streets of Kabul, Farima thought of the wedding that would never happen and the man she would never marry. Her fiance would be pleased to see her die, she later recalled thinking. It would offer relief to them both. Farima, 17, had resisted her engagement to Zabiullah since it was ordained by her grandfather when she was 9 ... He ran outside. His daughter's torso was contorted ... Her skin was pallid....(size: 12.8Kb)
photo: US NARA
30 Nov 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. Staring at the quote on the small granite monument which read. "They said to one another, behold here comes the dreamer...Let us slay him...And we shall see what will become of his dreams," I tried to understand that fateful moment when a shot shattered heaven and earth ... Martin Luther King, Jr. Straining my ears, I tried to hear Rev. Abernathy cry out, "Oh my God, Martin's been shot!" ... Dr....(size: 6.5Kb)
photo: UN / Shareef Sarhan
30 Nov 2012
Israel has dismissed the UN vote to upgrade the status of the Palestinian territories as "negative political theatre" that will "hurt peace". Government spokesman Mark Regev said the move had taken Palestinians and Israelis out of a negotiating process. The General Assembly voted resoundingly to recognise the Palestinians as a non-member observer state on Thursday ... 'New ball-game' ... Please turn on JavaScript ... ....(size: 8.5Kb)
photo: UN
30 Nov 2012
UNITED NATIONS -- The UN voted overwhelmingly Thursday to recognize a Palestinian state, a long-sought victory for the Palestinians and an embarrassing diplomatic defeat for the United States. The resolution upgrading the Palestinians' status to a nonmember observer state at the UN was approved in the 193-member world body by a vote of 138-9, with 41 abstentions ... The Palestinians still face enormous limitations ... U.S ... 0. Click to rate ... St ... ....(size: 9.3Kb)
noodls
01 Dec 2012
Gov ... taxpayers. November 30. COLUMBIA, S.C ... Haley ... Dun & Bradstreet Credibility Corp offers South Carolina businesses that have filed a tax return since 1998 a CreditAlert product that will alert customers to changes taking place in their business credit file ... The cost will be waived for business filing tax returns since 1998 ... Haley reiterated that anyone who has filed a South Carolina tax return since 1998 should take the following steps.....(size: 6.8Kb)
noodls
01 Dec 2012
Parcells was the Giants' head coach from 1983-90 ... 8, 2001 ... • Steve Atwater, S - 1989-1998 Denver Broncos, 1999 New York Jets ... • Kevin Greene, LB/DE - 1985-1992 Los Angeles Rams, 1993-95 Pittsburgh Steelers, 1996, 1998-99 Carolina Panthers, 1997 San Francisco 49ers ... Louis Rams. • George Young, Contributor - 1968-1974 Baltimore Colts, 1975-78 Miami Dolphins, 1979-1997 New York Giants, 1998-2001 National Football League ... distributed by....(size: 6.1Kb)
noodls
01 Dec 2012
Former Raiders WR Tim Brown ... Steve Atwater, S - 1989-1998 Denver Broncos, 1999 New York Jets. Jerome Bettis, RB - 1993-95 Los Angeles/St ... Kevin Greene, LB/DE - 1985-1992 Los Angeles Rams, 1993-95 Pittsburgh Steelers, 1996, 1998-99 Carolina Panthers, 1997 San Francisco 49ers ... Louis Rams. George Young, Contributor - 1968-1974 Baltimore Colts, 1975-78 Miami Dolphins, 1979-1997 New York Giants, 1998-2001 National Football League ... (noodl....(size: 7.6Kb)
Fresno Bee
01 Dec 2012
Old Dominion (4-1), which opened with four wins for the first time since the 1998-99 season, trailed almost throughout, but pulled to 51-47 on a free throw by Galaisha ......(size: 0.9Kb)
noodls
01 Dec 2012
PHILADELPHIA-Richard Perri, 40, of Philadelphia, was charged today by information with defrauding the Philadelphia Housing Authority of $431,848, announced United States Attorney Zane David Memeger ... Perri was a materials coordinator for the PHA Maintenance Department between November 1998 and July 2008 and was responsible for overseeing purchases of materials for PHA property site maintenance projects ... Newton. distributed by ... (noodl....(size: 2.9Kb)
noodls
01 Dec 2012
Posted. November 29, 2012. Two faculty members of Arizona State University, including ASU President Michael Crow, are among the 702 newly elected American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Fellows ... Michael M ... A cornerstone of that effort is the Consortium for Science, Policy, and Outcomes, which he founded in 1998 while at Columbia University and which has since transferred to Arizona State University ... Stuart J....(size: 4.3Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
01 Dec 2012
NORFOLK, Va. (AP) -- When No. 10 California was planning to come east to play No. 4 Duke and looking for another team to play to make the trip worthwhile, coach Lindsay Gottlieb couldn't have settled on a better opponent than Old Dominion ... Old Dominion (4-1), which opened with four wins for the first time since the 1998-99 season, trailed almost throughout, but pulled to 51-47 on a free throw by Galaisha Goodhope with 8.26 to play ... ....(size: 3.4Kb)
noodls
01 Dec 2012
Date. 30.11.2012. Prague Stock Exchange launches trading in the Xetra® system. (Prague) Prague Stock Exchange today successfully launched the new trading platform Xetra®, joining other members of the CEE Stock Exchange Group (CEESEG) running this trading system ... The Prague Exchange has been member of this Group since 2008 ... SPAD was deployed in 1998 with the aim of supporting the trading of especially large institutional investors ... (noodl....(size: 4.4Kb)
noodls
01 Dec 2012
30 November 2012. Protracted uncertainty in UK water regulation could hinder investment ... a Competition Commission referral by year end the most likely next step ... " ... Founded in 1998, Impax Asset Management ("Impax") was one of the world's first managers dedicated to exploiting the investment opportunities created by resource scarcity and demand for cleaner, more efficient products and services through listed and private equity strategies....(size: 5.6Kb)
noodls
01 Dec 2012
Two Kenyan crusaders who are using dialogue and education to reform their deeply divided country will be recognized by DePaul University with honorary doctorates for their distinguished careers and service to others. Sister Ephigenia W ... 1 ceremony at Tangaza College in Nairobi, Kenya ... DePaul's president, the Rev. Dennis H ... Hilton Foundation ... In 1998, she launched the Termination of Female Genital Mutilation project of the Loreto Sisters....(size: 7.4Kb)
noodls
01 Dec 2012
29.11.2012. Bank Austria Purchasing Managers' Index in November.. Turnaround in sight for industrial activity ... The downward cycle of Austrian industry has drawn to a close and economic activity has clearly bottomed out ... (PDF; 100 KB) ... E-Mail ... Note ... The survey is sponsored by Bank Austria and has been carried out by Markit Economics under the auspices of ÖPWZ, the Austrian Productivity and Efficiency Centre, since October 1998....(size: 7.3Kb)
noodls
01 Dec 2012
National Football Foundation Names Grady Senior D'Anthony Ross ... "Through all of our various programs the NFF has promoted the ideal of the scholar-athlete since 1947," said NFF President & CEO Steven Hatchell ... Year ... T ... Launched in 1998 and proven as one of the most comprehensive and effective youth development programs in the nation, Play It Smart has been implemented in more than 250 schools throughout the country since its inception....(size: 9.5Kb)
noodls
01 Dec 2012
GAME PREVIEW. DECEMBER 2, 2012. TIME. 4.25 p.m. Sunday. PLACE. Qualcomm Stadium (Grass). LOCAL RADIO. Play-by-play Dan Hoard and analyst Dave Lapham led by "Triple Cast" 700-AM WLW, 1530-AM ESPN and 102.7-FM WEBN on the 25-station Bengals radio network. TV. CBS broadcast team of Marv Albert play-by-play and Rich Gannon analyst ... INJURIES. CIN. OUT ... This week it is one of the Bengals 1998 first-rounders, Chargers linebacker Takeo Spikes....(size: 6.8Kb)
This article is about the year 1998. For the number, see 1998 (number). For other uses, see 1998 (disambiguation).
| 1998 : January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December |
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 19th century – 20th century – 21st century |
| Decades: | 1960s 1970s 1980s – 1990s – 2000s 2010s 2020s |
| Years: | 1995 1996 1997 – 1998 – 1999 2000 2001 |
| 1998 by topic: |
| Subject |
| By country |
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Works and introductions categories |
| Gregorian calendar | 1998 MCMXCVIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2751 |
| Armenian calendar | 1447 ԹՎ ՌՆԽԷ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6748 |
| Bahá'í calendar | 154–155 |
| Bengali calendar | 1405 |
| Berber calendar | 2948 |
| British Regnal year | 46 Eliz. 2 – 47 Eliz. 2 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2542 |
| Burmese calendar | 1360 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7506–7507 |
| Chinese calendar | 丁丑年十二月初三日 (4634/4694-12-3) — to —
戊寅年十一月十三日(4635/4695-11-13) |
| Coptic calendar | 1714–1715 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1990–1991 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5758–5759 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 2054–2055 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1920–1921 |
| - Kali Yuga | 5099–5100 |
| Holocene calendar | 11998 |
| Iranian calendar | 1376–1377 |
| Islamic calendar | 1418–1419 |
| Japanese calendar | Heisei 10 (平成10年) |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 13 days |
| Korean calendar | 4331 |
| Minguo calendar | ROC 87 民國87年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2541 |
| Unix time | 883612800–915148799 |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1998 |
1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year that started on a Thursday. In the Gregorian calendar, it was the 1998th year of Anno Domini; the 998th year of the 2nd millennium; the 98th year of the 20th century; and the 9th of the 1990s.
The year 1998 was designated International Year of the Ocean by UNESCO.[1]
Events[link]
January[link]
- January 2 – Russia begins to circulate new rubles to stem inflation and promote confidence.
- January 4 – Wilaya of Relizane massacres of 4 January 1998 in Algeria: Over 170 are killed in 3 remote villages.
- January 6 – The Lunar Prospector spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for frozen water, in soil in permanently shadowed craters near the Moon's poles.
- January 8 – Ramzi Yousef is sentenced to life in prison for planning the first World Trade Center bombing.
- January 11 – Over 100 people are killed in the Sidi-Hamed massacre in Algeria.
- January 12 – Nineteen European nations agree to forbid human cloning.
- January 20 – Nepalese police intercept a shipment of 272 human skulls in Kathmandu[citation needed].
- January 22 – Suspected "Unabomber" Theodore Kaczynski pleads guilty, and accepts a sentence of life without the possibility of parole.
- January 28 – Gunmen hold at least 400 children and teachers hostage for several hours, at an elementary school in Manila, Philippines.
February[link]
- The United States Senate passes Resolution 71, urging U.S. President Bill Clinton to "take all necessary and appropriate actions to respond to the threat posed by Iraq's refusal to end its weapons of mass destruction programs."
- February 3 – Cavalese cable car disaster: a United States Military pilot causes the deaths of 20 people near Trento, Italy, when his low-flying plane severs the cable of a cable-car.
- February 4 – An earthquake measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale in northeast Afghanistan kills more than 5,000 people.
- February 7–22 – The 1998 Winter Olympics are held in Nagano, Japan.
- February 16 – China Airlines Flight 676 crashes into a residential area near Chiang Kai-shek International Airport, killing 202 people (all 196 on board and 6 on the ground).
- February 20 – Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraqi President Saddam Hussein negotiates a deal with U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan, allowing weapons inspectors to return to Baghdad, preventing military action by the United States and Britain.
March[link]
- March 2
- Data sent from the Galileo probe indicates that Jupiter's moon Europa has a liquid ocean under a thick crust of ice.
- Natascha Kampusch is abducted by Wolfgang Priklopil (she will remain in his captivity until August 2006).
- March 5 – NASA announces that the Clementine probe orbiting the Moon has found enough water in polar craters to support a human colony and rocket fueling station.
- March 11 – Danish parliamentary election, 1998: Prime Minister Poul Nyrup Rasmussen is re-elected.
- March 23 – 70th Academy Awards ceremony held in Shrine Auditorium Los Angeles, California.
- March 26 – Oued Bouaicha massacre in Algeria: 52 people are killed with axes and knives, 32 of them babies under the age of 2.
April[link]
- April 5 – In Japan, the Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge linking Shikoku with Honshū and costing about US$3.8 billion, opens to traffic, becoming the largest suspension bridge in the world.
- April 6 – Pakistan tests medium-range missiles capable of hitting India.
- April 10 – Good Friday: 1 hour after the end of the talks deadline, the Belfast Agreement is signed between the Irish and British governments and most Northern Ireland political parties, with the notable exception of the Democratic Unionist Party.
May[link]
- May 8 – On the same day that the film Twister is released, CBS telecasts The Wizard of Oz for the last time. Beginning in 1999, The Wizard of Oz will be shown on cable, and in 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 it will be telecast by the WB Television Network in addition to its cable showings.
- May 11
- India conducts 3 underground nuclear tests in Pokhran, including 1 thermonuclear device.
- The first euro coins are minted in Pessac, France. Because the final specifications for the coins were not finished in 1998, they will have to be melted and minted again in 1999.
- May 13–14 – Riots directed against Chinese Indonesians break out in Indonesia. Indonesian natives destroy and burn Chinese Indonesian-owned properties and kill and rape more than 1,000 Chinese Indonesians.
- May 19 – The Galaxy IV communications satellite fails, leaving 80–90% of the world's pagers without service.
- May 21 – Suharto resigns, after 32 years as President of Indonesia and his 7th consecutive re-election by the Indonesian Parliament (MPR). Suharto's hand-picked Vice President, B. J. Habibie, becomes Indonesia's third president.
- May 26 – Bear Grylls, 23, becomes the youngest British climber to scale Mount Everest.[2]
- May 28 – Nuclear testing: In response to a series of Indian nuclear tests, Pakistan explodes 5 nuclear devices of its own in the Chaghai hills of Baluchistan, codenamed Chagai-I, prompting the United States, Japan and other nations to impose economic sanctions. Pakistan celebrates Youm-e-Takbir annually.
- May 30
- A 6.6 magnitude earthquake hits northern Afghanistan, killing up to 5,000.
- A second nuclear test, codenamed Chagai-II, is conducted and supervised by the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC).
June[link]
- June 2 – The CIH virus is discovered in Taiwan.
- June 3 – Eschede train disaster: An InterCityExpress high speed train derails between Hannover and Hamburg, Germany, causing 101 deaths.
- June 7 – Former Brigadier-General Ansumane Mané seizes control over military barracks in Bissau, marking the beginning of the Guinea-Bissau Civil War (1998–99).
- June 12 – Centennial Celebration of Independence of the Philippines from Spain
- June 30 – Philippine Vice President Joseph Estrada was sworn in as the 13th President of the Philippines.
July[link]
- July 5 – Japan launches a probe to Mars, joining the United States and Russia as an outer space-exploring nation.
- July 6 – The new Hong Kong International Airport at Chek Lap Kok opens, while the historic Hong Kong Kai Tak Airport closes.
- July 12 – France beats Brazil 3–0 in the World Cup final.
- July 17
- At a conference in Rome, 120 countries vote to create a permanent International Criminal Court to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.
- In Saint Petersburg, Nicholas II of Russia and his family are buried in St. Catherine Chapel, 80 years after he and his family were killed by Bolsheviks.
- A tsunami triggered by an undersea earthquake destroys 10 villages in Papua New Guinea, killing an estimated 1,500, leaving 2,000 more unaccounted for and thousands more homeless.
- Biologists report in the journal Science how they sequenced the genome of the bacterium that causes syphilis, Treponema pallidum.
August[link]
- August 2 – Second Congo War begins. 3,900,000 people are killed before it ends in 2003, making it the bloodiest war, to date, since World War II.
- August 7
- Yangtze River Floods: In China the Yangtze River breaks through the main bank; before this, from August 1–5, peripheral levees collapsed consecutively in Jiayu County Baizhou Bay. The death toll exceeds 12,000, with many thousands more injured.
- August 7 – 1998 U.S. embassy bombings: The bombings of the United States embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi, Kenya, kill 224 people and injure over 4,500; they are linked to terrorist Osama Bin Laden, an exile of Saudi Arabia.
- August 15 – Omagh bombing, A terrorist bombing carried out in Northern Ireland by the Real IRA.
- August 24 – The first RFID human implantation is tested in the United Kingdom.
September[link]
- September 2
- A McDonnell Douglas MD-11 airliner (Swissair Flight 111) crashes near Peggys Cove, Nova Scotia, after taking off from New York City en-route to Geneva; all 229 people on board are killed.
- A United Nations court finds Jean-Paul Akayesu, the former mayor of a small town in Rwanda, guilty of nine counts of genocide, marking the first time that the 1948 law banning genocide is enforced.
- September 4 – Google, Inc. is founded in Menlo Park, California, by Stanford University PhD candidates Larry Page and Sergey Brin.[3]
October[link]
- October 14 – Eric Robert Rudolph is charged with four bombings (including the 1996 Olympic bombing) in Atlanta, Georgia.
- October 16 – British police place General Augusto Pinochet under house arrest during his medical treatment in the UK.
- October 17 – A pipeline explosion in Jesse, Nigeria results in 1,082 deaths.
- October 29 – Hurricane Mitch makes landfall in Central America, killing an estimated 18,000 people.
November[link]
- November 20 – A Russian Proton rocket is launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, carrying the first segment of the International Space Station, the 21 ton Zarya Module.
December[link]
- December 6 – Hugo Chávez, politician and former member of the Venezuelan military, is elected President of Venezuela.
- December 16–19 – Iraq disarmament crisis: U.S. President Bill Clinton orders airstrikes on Iraq. UNSCOM withdraws all weapons inspectors from Iraq.
- December 29 – Khmer Rouge leaders apologize for the genocide in Cambodia that claimed over 1 million in the 1970s.
- December 31 – The first leap second since June 30, 1997, occurs. In the eurozone, the currency rates of this day are fixed permanently.
Date unknown[link]
- Ibrahim Hanna, the last native speaker of Mlahsô, dies in Qamishli, Syria, making the language effectively extinct. Also, the last native speaker of related Bijil Neo-Aramaic dies in Jerusalem.[citation needed]
Births[link]
- January 9 – Kerris Dorsey, American actress
- January 12 – Nathan Gamble, American actor
- January 28 – Ariel Winter, American actress
- February 15 – Zachary Gordon, American actor
- April 6 – Peyton Roi List, American actress
- April 9 – Elle Fanning, American actress
- April 24 – Ryan Newman, American actress
- July 8 – Jaden Smith, American actor
- July 9 – Robert Capron, American actor
- July 22 – Madison Pettis, American actress
- July 31 – Rico Rodriguez, American actor
- August 25 – China Anne McClain, American actress and singer
- October 23 – Amandla Stenberg, American actor
- October 28 – Nolan Gould, American actor
- November 23 – Bradley Steven Perry, American actor and singer
- December 22 – G. Hannelius, American actress
Deaths[link]
Main article: Deaths in 1998
January[link]
- January 1 – Helen Wills Moody, American tennis player (b. 1905)
- January 4 – Mae Questel, American actress (b. 1908)
- January 5 – Sonny Bono, American singer, actor, and politician (b. 1935)
- January 7 – Vladimir Prelog, Croatian chemist, Nobel laureate (b. 1906)
- January 8 – Michael Tippett, English composer (b. 1905)
- January 9 – Kenichi Fukui, Japanese chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
- January 11
- Ellis Rabb, American director and actor (b. 1930)
- Klaus Tennstedt, German conductor (b. 1926)
- January 15 – Junior Wells, American harmonica player (b. 1934)
- January 16
- Emil Sitka, American actor (b. 1914)
- Hermann Wedekind, artistic director Festspiele Balver Höhle (b. 1910)
- January 18 – Monica Edwards, British writer (b. 1912)
- January 19 – Carl Perkins, American guitarist (b. 1932)
- January 21 – Jack Lord, American actor (b. 1920)
- January 23 – Alfredo Ormando, Italian writer (b. 1958)
- January 28 – Shotaro Ishinomori, Japanese Manga artist, "Father of Henshin heroes" (b. 1938)
February[link]
- February 3 – Karla Faye Tucker, Texas murderer (b. 1959)
- February 6
- Falco, Austrian musician (b. 1957)
- Carl Wilson, American musician (The Beach Boys) (b. 1946)
- February 7
- Lawrence Sanders, American author (b. 1920)
- Roger Nicholas Angleton, American murderer (b. 1942)
- February 8
- Halldór Laxness, Icelandic writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)
- Julian Lincoln Simon, American economist and author (b. 1932)
- February 17 – Ernst Jünger, German writer (b. 1895)
- February 18 – Harry Caray, American television and radio broadcaster (b. 1917)
- February 22
- Red Reeder, U.S. Army officer and author (b. 1902)
- Abraham Alexander Ribicoff, American Democratic Party politician (b. 1910)
- Athol Rowan, South African cricketer (b. 1921)
- February 23
- Raman Lamba, Indian cricketer (b. 1960)
- Sean A. Moore, American writer (b. 1965)
- February 24 – Henny Youngman, English-born comedian (b. 1906)
- February 26 – Theodore Schultz, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)
- February 27
- George H. Hitchings, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1905)
- J. T. Walsh, American actor (b. 1943)
- February 28
- Todd Duncan, American opera singer (b. 1903)
- Dermot Morgan, Irish actor and comedian (b. 1952)
March[link]
- March 2 – Darcy O'Brien, American author (b. 1939)
- March 3 – Fred W. Friendly, American television journalist and executive (b. 1915)
- March 7 – Bernarr Rainbow, historian of music education, organist, and choir master, (b. 1914)
- March 8 – Ray Nitschke, American football player (b. 1936)
- March 10 – Lloyd Bridges, American actor (b. 1913)
- March 12
- Judge Dread, English musician (b. 1945)
- Beatrice Wood, American artist and ceramicist (b. 1893)
- Jozef Kroner, Slovak actor (The Shop on Main Street) (b. 1924)
- March 13
- Bill Reid, Canadian artist (b. 1920)
- Risen Star, American racehorse (b. 1985)
- March 15
- Benjamin Spock, American athlete, pediatrician, and author (b. 1903)
- Dušan Pašek, Slovak ice hockey player (b. 1960)
- March 16 – Derek Harold Richard Barton, British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
- March 20 – George Howard, American jazz saxophone musician (b. 1956)
- March 25 – Daniel Massey, English actor (b. 1933)
- March 27 – Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche, Austrian auto designer and businessman (b. 1909)
- March 31 – Bella Abzug, American politician (b. 1920)
April[link]
- April 1
- Gene Evans, American actor (b. 1920)
- Rozz Williams, American singer (b. 1963)
- April 2 – Rob Pilatus, member of the pop group Milli Vanilli (b. 1965)
- April 3 – Charles Lang, American cinematographer (b. 1901)
- April 5 – Cozy Powell, English rock drummer (b. 1947)
- April 6
- Wendy O. Williams, American singer (b. 1949)
- Tammy Wynette, American singer (b. 1942)
- April 11 – Rodney Harvey, American actor and model (b. 1967)
- April 13 – Patrick de Gayardon, French skydiver and skysurfing pioneer (b. 1960)
- April 15
- Rose Maddox, American singer (b. 1925)
- Pol Pot, Cambodian Khmer Rouge leader (b. 1925)
- April 16
- Marie-Louise Meilleur, oldest living person at the time of her death (b. 1880)
- Fred Davis, English snooker player (b. 1913)
- April 17
- Linda McCartney, American photographer and musician and wife of former Beatle Paul McCartney. (b. 1941)
- Muhammad Metwally Al Shaarawy, Egyptian Muslim jurist (b. 1911)
- April 19 – Octavio Paz, Mexican diplomat and writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1914)
- April 21
- Peter Lind Hayes, American entertainer (b. 1915)
- Irene Vernon, American actress (b. 1922)
- April 22 – Kitch Christie, South African rugby coach (b. 1940)
- April 23
- Constantine Karamanlis, Greek politician (b. 1907)
- James Earl Ray, American assassin (b. 1928)
- April 25
- Wright Morris, American photographer and writer (b. 1910)
- Christian Mortensen, American supercentenarian and oldest living man at his death. (b. 1882)
- April 26 – Joan Mary Wayne Brown, British author who the pseudonyms Mary Gervaise, Hilary Wayne and Bellamy Brown (b. 1906)
- April 27
- Carlos Castaneda, Peruvian-born American anthropologist and author (b. 1925)
- Anne Desclos, French writer (b. 1907)
May[link]
- May 1 – Eldridge Cleaver, American activist (b. 1935)
- May 2
- Kevin Lloyd, British actor (b. 1949)
- Justin Fashanu, British footballer (b. 1961)
- hide, Japanese musician (b. 1964)
- Gene Raymond, American actor (b. 1908)
- May 7
- Allan McLeod Cormack, South African–born physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1924)
- Eddie Rabbitt, American musician (b. 1941)
- May 9 – Alice Faye, American entertainer (b. 1915)
- May 14
- Frank Sinatra, American entertainer (b. 1915)
- Marjory Stoneman Douglas, American conservationist and writer (b. 1890)
- May 15 – Earl Manigault, American basketball player (b. 1944)
- May 19 – Sosuke Uno, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1922)
- May 22
- John Derek, American actor and film director (b. 1926)
- José Enrique Moyal, mathematical physicist (b. 1910)
- May 28 – Phil Hartman, Canadian-born American artist, writer, actor, and comedian (b. 1948)
- May 29 – Barry Goldwater, American politician (b. 1909)
June[link]
- June 1 – Darwin Joston, American actor (b. 1937)
- June 2
- Junkyard Dog, American pro wrestler (b. 1952)
- Dorothy Stickney, American actress (b. 1896)
- June 3 – Poul Bundgaard, Danish actor and singer (b. 1922)
- June 5 – Jeanette Nolan, American actress (b. 1911)
- June 8
- President Sani Abacha of Nigeria (b. 1943)
- Jackie McGlew, South African cricketer (b. 1929)
- June 10 – Hammond Innes, English author (b. 1914)
- June 11 – Catherine Cookson, English author (b. 1906)
- June 12 – Theresa Merritt, American actress (b. 1924)
- June 13 – Birger Ruud, Norwegian athlete (b. 1911)
- June 20 – Conrad Schumann, East German border guard (b. 1942)
- June 22 – Benny Green, British writer, radio broadcaster and saxophonist (b. 1927)
- June 23 – Maureen O'Sullivan, Irish actress (b. 1911)
- June 25 – Lounès Matoub, Berber Kabyle singer (b. 1956)
July[link]
- July 3 – Danielle Bunten Berry, American software developer (b. 1949)
- July 5 – Sid Luckman, American football player (b. 1916)
- July 6 – Roy Rogers, American singer and actor (b. 1911)
- July 17 – Joseph Maher, Irish actor (b. 1933)
- July 19 – Elmer Valo, Slovak Major League Baseball player (b. 1921)
- July 21
- Alan Shepard, American astronaut (b. 1923)
- Robert Young, American actor (b. 1907)
- July 22 – Hermann Prey, German bass-baritone (b. 1929)
- July 27 – Binnie Barnes, English actress (b. 1903)
- July 29 – Jerome Robbins, American choreographer and director (b. 1918)
- July 30
- Buffalo Bob Smith, American children's television host (b. 1917)
- Jorge Russek, Mexican actor (b. 1932)
August[link]
- August 1 – Eva Bartok, Hungarian actress (b. 1927)
- August 2 – Shari Lewis, American ventriloquist (b. 1933)
- August 3 – Alfred Schnittke, Russian-born composer (b. 1934)
- August 4 – Yuri Artyukhin, cosmonaut (b. 1930)
- August 5 – Todor Zhivkov, former president of Bulgaria (b. 1911)
- August 6 – André Weil, French mathematician (b. 1906)
- August 9 – Frankie Ruiz, Puerto Rican singer (b. 1958)
- August 13 – Julien Green, French-born American writer (b. 1900)
- August 24 – E. G. Marshall, American actor (b. 1910)
- August 25 – Lewis F. Powell, Jr., American Justice of the Supreme Court (b. 1907)
- August 26 – Frederick Reines, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
September[link]
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- September 1 – Cary Middlecoff, American golfer (b. 1921)
- September 2
- Jackie Blanchflower, Irish footballer (b. 1933)
- Allen Drury, American writer (b. 1918)
- September 5
- Fernando Balzaretti, Mexican actor (b. 1946)
- Leo Penn, American actor and director (b. 1921)
- September 6 – Akira Kurosawa, Japanese screenwriter, producer, and director (b. 1910)
- September 8 – Leonid Kinskey, Russian-born actor (b. 1903)
- September 9 – Lucio Battisti, Italian singer (b. 1943)
- September 10 – Carl Forgione, British actor (b. 1944)
- September 11 – Dane Clark, American actor (b. 1912)
- September 13 – George Wallace, American politician (b. 1919)
- September 14
- Johnny Adams, American musician (b. 1932)
- Yang Shangkun, former President of the People's Republic of China (b. 1907)
- September 17 – Gustav Nezval, Czech actor (b. 1907)
- September 20 – Muriel Humphrey, Wife of Vice President Hubert Humphrey (b. 1912)
- September 21 – Florence "Flo-Jo" Griffith-Joyner, American runner (b. 1959)
- September 23 – Mary Frann, American actress (b. 1943)
- September 26 – Betty Carter, American jazz singer (b. 1929)
- September 27 – Narita Bryan, Japanese racehorse (b. 1991)
- September 30
- Dan Quisenberry, baseball player (b. 1953)
- Bruno Munari, Italian-born industrial designer (b. 1907)
- Pavel Štěpán, Czech pianist (b. 1925)
- Robert Lewis Taylor, American author (b. 1912)
October[link]
- October 2
- Gene Autry, American actor, singer, and sports team owner (b. 1907)
- Olivier Gendebien, Belgian race car driver (b. 1924)
- October 3 – Roddy McDowall, British actor (b. 1928)
- October 6 – Mark Belanger, American baseball player (b. 1944)
- October 8 – Zhang Chongren, Chinese artist (b. 1907)
- October 9 – Ian Johnson, Australian cricketer (b. 1917)
- October 10 – Tommy Quaid, Irish hurler (b. 1957)
- October 11 – Richard Denning, American actor (b. 1914)
- October 12 – Matthew Shepard, American murder victim (b. 1976)
- October 13 – General Gérard Charles Édouard Thériault, Canadian Chief of the Defence Staff (b. 1932)
- October 14 – Frankie Yankovic, American musician (b. 1916)
- October 16 – Jon Postel, American Internet pioneer (b. 1943)
- October 17
- Joan Hickson, British actress (b. 1906)
- Hakim Mohammed Said, Pakistani scholar and philanthropist (b. 1920)
- October 22 – Eric Ambler, British writer (b. 1909)
- October 28
- Ghulam Ahmed, Indian former cricket captain (b. 1922)
- James Goldman, American writer (b. 1927)
- October 29 – Ted Hughes, English poet (b. 1930)
November[link]
- November 3 – Bob Kane, American comic book creator (b. 1915)
- November 8 – Jean Marais, French actor (b. 1913)
- November 10
- Hal Newhouser, baseball player (b. 1921)
- Mary Millar, British actress (b. 1936)
- November 13
- Valerie Hobson, English actress (b. 1917)
- Michel Trudeau, Canadian outdoorsman, son of Pierre Trudeau (b. 1975)
- Doug Wright, English cricketer (b. 1914)
- November 17
- Kenneth McDuff, American serial killer (b. 1946)
- Esther Rolle, American actress (b. 1920)
- November 19 – Alan J. Pakula, American film director (b. 1928)
- November 22 – Stu Unger, professional poker player (b. 1953)
- November 25 – Flip Wilson, American actor and comedian (b. 1933)
- November 28 – Kerry Wendell Thornley, American counterculture figure and writer (b. 1938)
- November 29
- Martin Ruane, British wrestler best known as Giant Haystacks and later, The Loch Ness Monster (b. 1947)
- Frank Latimore, American actor (b. 1925)
December[link]
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- December 1 – Freddie Young, American cinematographer (b. 1902)
- December 2
- Mikio Oda, Japanese athlete (b. 1905)
- Brian Stonehouse, English painter and World War II secret agent (b. 1918)
- December 5 – Hazel Bishop, American Chemist and inventor of Lipstick (b. 1906)
- December 6 – César Baldaccini, French sculptor (b. 1921)
- December 7
- Michael Craze, British actor (b. 1942)
- Martin Rodbell, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1925)
- December 11 – Lynn Strait, vocalist for band Snot (b. 1968)
- December 12 – Lawton Chiles, U.S. Senator from Florida and Governor of Florida (b. 1930)
- December 13 – Lew Grade, British impresario (b. 1906)
- December 14
- Norman Fell, American actor (b. 1924)
- Annette Strauss, American philanthropist and mayor of Dallas, Texas (b. 1924)
- December 16 – William Gaddis, American writer (b. 1922)
- December 17 – Claudia Benton, Peruvian-born child psychologist (b. 1959)
- December 18 – Lev Demin, cosmonaut (b. 1926)
- December 20
- Irene Hervey, American actress (b. 1910)
- Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, British scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1914)
- December 21 – Roger Avon, British actor (b. 1914)
- December 22 – Michelle Thomas, American actress (b. 1969)
- December 23 – David Manners, Canadian-American actor (b. 1900)
- December 25 – John Pulman, English snooker player (b. 1923)
- December 26 – Hurd Hatfield, American actor (b. 1917)
- December 28 – Robert Rosen, American biologist (b. 1934)
- December 30
- Keisuke Kinoshita, Japanese film director (b. 1912)
- George Webb, British actor (b. 1911)
Date unknown[link]
- Reginald Ben Davis, British artist (b. 1907)
- René Pellos, French artist (b. 1900)
Nobel Prizes[link]
- Physics – Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel Chee Tsui
- Chemistry – Walter Kohn, John Pople
- Medicine – Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, Ferid Murad
- Literature – José Saramago
- Peace – John Hume and David Trimble
- Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel – Amartya Sen
Templeton Prize[link]
Fields Medal[link]
See also: Works of fiction set in 1998
Setting in fiction[link]
- The Japanese horror novel Another is set in the fictional town of Yomiyama, Japan during 1998.
- The novel Adrian Mole: The Cappuccino Years takes place from April 30, 1997 to May 2, 1998.
- The video games Resident Evil 0, Resident Evil, Resident Evil 2, Resident Evil 3: Nemesis, Resident Evil: Operation Raccoon City, and Resident Evil Code: Veronica all take place in 1998, July for the first two, September for the next three, and December CV.
External links[link]
References[link]
- ^ 1998—INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE OCEAN: MESSAGE OF UNESCO DIRECTOR-GENERAL (December 29, 1997)
- ^ BBC NEWS | UK | Flying over the top of the world
- ^ "The History Of Google – Searching The World" (notes), Matt Jacks, 10 January 2005, webpage: WAH-HGoogle.
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Binary Finary | |
|---|---|
| Origin | United Kingdom |
| Genres | Epic trance |
| Years active | 1997–present |
| Website | http://www.binary-finary.com |
| Members | |
| Matt Laws, Stuart Matheson, and Sasha Vatoff | |
Binary Finary are a British trance act originally comprising Matt Laws and Stuart Matheson, who were later joined by Sasha Vatoff who acts as DJ and live performer.[1] They are best known for the dance hit single "1998", especially for the Paul Van Dyk and Gouryella remixes, which charted in many countries. The song was remixed numerous times under the title of the year the remix was produced ("1999" and "2000" etc.), many of which were popular. In the UK, "1998" reached a peak position of #24[2] in the UK Singles Chart whereas "1999" just missed the Top 10, stalling at #11.[2]
On 1 May 2006, they released a collection of 16 tracks written over their eight years sabbatical under the general title The Lost Tracks.[3] This album is available only for download.
Binary Finary are also featured in a Shiny Toy Guns song, When Did This Storm Begin?
Stuart also appeared in the Bafta nominated Channel 4 reality TV series called Faking it (Series 4, 2002) in the episode from 'Web Surfer To Wave Surfer'.
On New Year's Eve 2009/2010 at Etihad Stadium in Melbourne, they launched the 'Binary Finary LIVE' show, using original material and re-makes of classic dance tracks.
In 2009 Stuart officially joined the US based electronica group 'Spanking Machine'.
In 2009 Stuart remixed Aria Award Winning Bertie Blackman, on her track 'Byrds of Prey'.
On 26 April 2010, Binary Finary re-released a '2010' remix package of their track '1998' through Armada Music.
References[link]
- ^ Binary Finary discography at Discogs
- ^ a b Roberts, David (20 May 2005). Guinness Book of British Hit Singles and Albums (18th ed.). Guinness World Records Limited. pp. 63. ISBN 1-904994-00-8.
- ^ "Binary Finary Recordings". binaryfinaryrecordings.com. http://www.binaryfinaryrecordings.com/catalogue.asp. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
External links[link]
- Official Binary Finary website
- Official Facebook site
- Official Binary Finary Twitter site
- Official Binary Finary Myspace site
 |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For the American political commentator, see William Kristol.
| Billy Crystal | |
|---|---|
 Crystal at the 2012 Tribeca Film Festival |
|
| Birth name | William Edward Crystal |
| Born | (1948-03-14) March 14, 1948 (age 64) New York, New York, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Years active | 1975–present |
| Spouse | Janice Goldfinger (1970–present) |
| Emmy Awards | |
| Performance in Special Events 1989 The 31st Annual Grammy Awards Writing in a Variety or Music Program 1990 Midnight Train to Moscow 1991 The 63rd Annual Academy Awards 1992 The 64th Annual Academy Awards Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program 1991 The 63rd Annual Academy Awards 1998 The 70th Annual Academy Awards |
|
| American Comedy Awards | |
| Funniest Actor in a Motion Picture (Leading Role) 1989 When Harry Met Sally... 1991 City Slickers Funniest Male Performer in a TV Special (Leading or Supporting) Network, Cable or Syndication 1991 The 63rd Annual Academy Award 1992 The 64th Annual Academy Award 1993 The 65th Annual Academy Award 1998 The 70th Annual Academy Award Creative Achievement Award 1993 |
|
William Edward "Billy" Crystal[1] (born March 14, 1948) is an American actor, writer, producer, comedian, and film director. He gained prominence in the 1970s for playing Jodie Dallas on the ABC sitcom Soap and became a Hollywood film star during the late 1980s and 1990s, appearing in the critical and box office successes When Harry Met Sally... and City Slickers. He has hosted the Academy Awards nine times, including the 84th Academy Awards in 2012.[2]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Crystal was born in the Doctor's Hospital in Manhattan and raised on Long Island in Long Beach, the son of Helen (née Gabler), a housewife, and Jack Crystal, a record company executive and jazz producer who also owned and operated the Commodore Record store.[3][4] His babysitter was occasionally Billie Holiday. His uncle was musician and songwriter Milt Gabler, and his brother, Richard "Rip" Crystal, is a television producer. Crystal grew up in a Jewish family that he has described as "large" and "loving".[5]
After graduation from Long Beach High School, Crystal attended Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia on a baseball scholarship, having learned the game from his father, who pitched for St. John's University. Crystal never played a game at Marshall because the program was suspended during his freshman year, and because he was too busy being the Editor in Chief of The BG News from 1969–70.[6] He did not return to Marshall as a sophomore, staying back in New York with his future wife. He instead attended Nassau Community College and later New York University, where he graduated in 1970 with a BFA from its Tisch School of the Arts.[7]
Career[link]
Television[link]
Crystal returned to New York City and performed regularly at The Improv and Catch a Rising Star. He studied film and television direction under Martin Scorsese at New York University. In 1976, Crystal appeared on an episode of All in the Family. He was on the dais for The Dean Martin Celebrity Roast of Muhammad Ali on February 19, 1976, where he did impressions of both Ali and sportscaster Howard Cosell. He was scheduled to appear on the first episode of NBC Saturday Night (later renamed Saturday Night Live) (October 11, 1975), but his sketch was cut.[8] He did do a stand-up bit later in that first season as Bill Crystal, on the April 17, 1976, episode; the "Can you dig it? I knew that you could." portion of which was repeatedly quoted by characters in the 1977 feature film Saturday Night Fever.
Crystal's earliest prominent role was as Jodie Dallas on Soap, one of the first unambiguously homosexual characters in the cast of an American television series. He continued in the role during the series' entire 1977–1981 run.
In 1982, Billy Crystal hosted his own variety show, The Billy Crystal Comedy Hour on NBC. It lasted five episodes.
After hosting Saturday Night Live in 1984, he joined the regular cast.[8] His most famous recurring sketch was his parody of Fernando Lamas, Fernando, a smarmy talk show host whose catchphrase, "You look... mahvelous!," became a media sensation.[8] Crystal subsequently released an album of his stand-up material titled Mahvelous! in 1985, as well as the single "You Look Marvelous", which peaked at No. 58 on the Billboard Hot 100 during the same year. Also in the 1980s, Crystal starred in an episode of Shelley Duvall's Faerie Tale Theatre as the smartest of the three little pigs.
In 1996, Crystal was the guest star of the third episode of Muppets Tonight.
Billy Crystal hosted three Grammy Awards Telecasts: the 29th Grammys; the 30th Grammys; and the 31st Grammys.
Acting in film and hosting the Oscars[link]
Crystal's first film role was in Joan Rivers's 1978 film Rabbit Test. Crystal also made game show appearances such as The Hollywood Squares, All Star Secrets and The $20,000 Pyramid. He holds the record for getting his contestant partner to the top of the pyramid in winner's circle in the fastest time, 26 seconds.
Crystal appeared briefly in Rob Reiner's 1984 "rockumentary" This Is Spinal Tap as Morty The Mime, a waiter dressed as a mime at one of Spinal Tap's parties. He shared the scene with a then-unknown, non-speaking Dana Carvey. Crystal's line in the film was "Mime is money." He later starred in the action comedy Running Scared (1986). Reiner directed Crystal again in The Princess Bride (1987).
Reiner directed Crystal for a third time in the classic romantic comedy When Harry Met Sally... (1989), for which Crystal was nominated for a Golden Globe. Crystal then starred in the buddy comedy City Slickers (1991), which proved very successful both commercially and critically and for which Crystal was nominated for his second Golden Globe.
Following the success of these films, Crystal wrote, directed, and starred in Mr. Saturday Night (1992) and Forget Paris (1995). In the former, Crystal played a serious role in aging makeup, as an egotistical comedian who reflects back on his career. He directed the made-for-television movie 61* (2001) based on Roger Maris's and Mickey Mantle's race to break Babe Ruth's single-season home run record in 1961. This earned Crystal an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Special.
Crystal has continued working in film, including Analyze This (1999) and Analyze That (2002) with Robert De Niro, and in the English version of Howl's Moving Castle as the voice of Calcifer. He was originally asked to provide the voice of Buzz Lightyear in Toy Story (1995) but turned it down, a decision he later regretted due to the popularity of the series.[8] Crystal later went on to provide the voice of Mike Wazowski in the Pixar film Monsters, Inc. (2001), which was nominated for the inaugural Best Animated Feature Oscar.
Crystal hosted the Academy Awards broadcast in 1990–1993, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2004 and 2012; and he reportedly turned down hosting the 2006 ceremony to concentrate on his one-man show, 700 Sundays. He returned as emcee for the 2012 Oscar ceremony, after Eddie Murphy backed out of hosting.[9] His nine times as the M.C. is second only to Bob Hope's 18 in most ceremonies hosted. At the 83rd Academy Awards ceremony in 2011, he appeared as a presenter for a digitally inserted Bob Hope and before doing so was given a standing ovation. Film critic Roger Ebert said when Crystal came onstage about two hours into the show, he got the first laughs of the broadcast.[10] Crystal's hosting gigs have regularly included an introductory video segment in which he comedically inserts himself into scenes of that year's films in addition to a song following his opening monologue.
Broadway[link]
Crystal won the 2005 Tony Award for Best Special Theatrical Event for 700 Sundays, a two-act, one-man play, which he conceived and wrote about his parents and his childhood growing up on Long Island.[8] He toured the U.S. with the show in 2006 and Australia in 2007.
Following the initial success of the play, Crystal wrote the book 700 Sundays for Warner Books, which was published on October 31, 2005. In conjunction with the book and the play that also paid tribute to his uncle, Milt Gabler, Crystal produced two CD compilations: Billy Crystal Presents: The Milt Gabler Story, which featured his uncle's most influential recordings from Billie Holiday's "Strange Fruit" to "Rock Around the Clock" by Bill Haley & His Comets; and Billy Remembers Billie featuring Crystal's favorite Holiday recordings.
Philanthropy[link]
In 1986, Crystal started hosting Comic Relief on HBO with Robin Williams and Whoopi Goldberg.[8] Founded by Bob Zmuda, Comic Relief raises money for homeless people in the United States.
On September 6, 2005, on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Crystal and Jay Leno were the first celebrities to sign a Harley-Davidson motorcycle to be auctioned off for Gulf Coast relief.[11]
Crystal has participated in the Simon Wiesenthal Center Museum of Tolerance in Los Angeles. Portraying himself in a video, Crystal introduces museum guests to the genealogy wing of the museum.
Crystal is a Los Angeles Clippers fan.
New York baseball[link]
On March 12, 2008, Crystal signed a minor league contract, for a single day, to play with the New York Yankees, and was invited to the team's major league spring training. He wore uniform number 60, in honor of his upcoming 60th birthday.[12] On March 13, in a spring training game against the Pittsburgh Pirates, Crystal led off as the designated hitter. He managed to make contact, fouling a fastball up the first base line, but was eventually struck out by Pirates pitcher Paul Maholm on 6 pitches and was later replaced in the batting order by Johnny Damon.[13] He was released on March 14, his 60th birthday.[14]
Crystal's boyhood idol was Yankee Hall of Fame legend Mickey Mantle who had signed a program for him when Crystal attended a game where Mantle had hit a homerun. Years later on The Dinah Shore Show, in one of his first television appearances, Crystal met Mantle in person and had Mantle re-sign the same program. Crystal would be good friends with Mickey Mantle until Mantle's death in 1995.
Crystal also was well known for his impressions of Yankee Hall of Famer turned broadcaster Phil Rizzuto. Rizzuto, known for his quirks calling games, did not travel to Anaheim, California in 1996 to call the game for WPIX. Instead, Crystal joined the broadcasters in the booth and pretended to be Rizzuto for a few minutes during the August 31 game.
Although a life-long Yankee fan,[15] he is a part-owner of the Arizona Diamondbacks, even earning a World Series ring in 2001 when the Diamondbacks beat his beloved Yankees.[16]
In the movie City Slickers, Crystal wears a New York Mets baseball cap.
Personal life[link]
Billy Crystal and his wife Janice (née: Goldfinger) married in June 1970, and have two daughters, actress Jennifer and producer Lindsay, and are now grandparents.[17] They reside in Pacific Palisades, California.[18]
Awards[link]
In addition to his Golden Globe Award-nominations, Emmy Awards, and Tony Award, Crystal won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding One-Person Show for 700 Sundays and received the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor in 2007.[19]
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1977–1981 | Soap | Jodie Dallas | TV series |
| 1977 | SST: Death Flight | David | |
| 1978 | Rabbit Test | Lionel Carpenter | |
| Human Feelings | Angel | Made for TV | |
| 1980 | Animalympics | Lodge Turkell | Voice |
| 1984 | This Is Spinal Tap | Morty the Mime | |
| 1986 | Running Scared | Danny Constanzo | |
| 1987 | The Princess Bride | Miracle Max | |
| Throw Momma from the Train | Larry Donner | ||
| 1988 | Memories of Me | Abbie | Writer/Producer |
| 1989 | When Harry Met Sally... | Harry Burns | American Comedy Award for Funniest Actor in a Motion Picture Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy |
| 1991 | City Slickers | Mitch Robbins | Executive Producer American Comedy Award for Funniest Actor in a Motion Picture MTV Movie Award for Best Comedic Performance Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy |
| 1992 | Horton Hatches the Egg | Narrator | Voice |
| Mr. Saturday Night | Buddy Young, Jr. | Writer/Director/Producer Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy |
|
| 1994 | City Slickers II: The Legend of Curly's Gold | Mitch Robbins | Writer/Producer |
| 1995 | Forget Paris | Mickey Gordon | Writer/Director/Producer |
| 1996 | Muppets Tonight | Himself | Guest star on third episode |
| Hamlet | First Gravedigger | ||
| 1997 | Deconstructing Harry | Larry | |
| Fathers' Day | Jack Lawrence | ||
| Friends | The Gynecologist (with Robin Williams) | TV Series | |
| 1998 | My Giant | Sam 'Sammy' Kamin | Writer/Producer |
| 1999 | Analyze This | Dr. Ben Sobel | Executive Producer |
| 2000 | The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle | Mattress salesman | Uncredited |
| 2001 | 61* | Director | |
| America's Sweethearts | Lee Phillips | Writer/Producer | |
| Monsters, Inc. | Michael "Mike" Wazowski | Voice | |
| 2002 | Mike's New Car | Mike Wazowski | Short Film Subject Voice |
| Analyze That | Dr. Ben Sobel | Executive Producer | |
| 2004 | Howl's Moving Castle | Calcifer | Voice |
| 2005 | Dinotopia: Quest for the Ruby Sunstone | Karl Scott | Voice |
| 2006 | Cars | Mike Car | Voice |
| 2009 | Make 'Em Laugh: The Funny Business Of America | Host | |
| 2010 | Tooth Fairy | Jerry | Uncredited |
| Planet Sheen | Soldier Joagth | Voice Episode: What's Up Chock? |
|
| 2011 | The Muppets | Himself | Scenes cut |
| 2012 | Parental Guidance | Artie Decker | To be released November 12, 2012 |
| 2013 | Monsters University | Mike Wazowski | Voice |
[edit] Saturday Night Live
Characters[link]
- Al Minkman, a shady businessman
- Fernando, host of Fernando's Hideaway, a celebrity interview show; based on actor Fernando Lamas
- Buddy Young, Jr. (an insult comic who appears on Weekend Update)
- Lew Goldman
- Ricky, a bowler
- Tony Minetti, a butcher
- Willie, a man who, along with his friend, Frankie (played by Christopher Guest), discuss their masochistic tendencies
Impersonations[link]
- Fernando Lamas
- Howard Cosell
- Muhammad Ali
- John F. Kennedy
- Joe Franklin
- Hervé Villechaize
- Joe Garagiola
- Adam Ant
- Prince
- Sammy Davis, Jr.
- Phil Rizzuto
Bibliography[link]
- Crystal, Billy (2004). I Already Know I Love You. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-059391-1. A children's book.
- Crystal, Billy (2006). Grandpa's Little One. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-078173-6. A children's book.
- Crystal, Billy (2005). 700 Sundays. New York: Warner Books. ISBN 0-446-57867-3. Crystal's memoirs with his father.
References[link]
- ^ On page 17 of his book, 700 Sundays, Crystal displays his birth announcement, which states that his full name is "William Edward", not "William Jacob" Crystal, Billy (October 2005). 700 Sundays. p. 17. ISBN 0-446-57867-3.
- ^ "The Mud Doctor: Oscar Update: Billy Crystal Officially In as Oscar Host". Themuddoctor.blogspot.com. 2011-11-10. http://themuddoctor.blogspot.com/2011/11/oscar-update-billy-crystal-officially.html. Retrieved 2012-04-10.
- ^ "Billy Crystal Biography". filmreference.com. http://www.filmreference.com/film/61/Billy-Crystal.html. Retrieved January 16, 2008.
- ^ Kane, Joe. "Jack Crystal: A Man To Remember". Allaboutjazz. http://www.allaboutjazz.com/articles/arti0102_03.htm. Retrieved January 16, 2008.
- ^ 700 Sundays by Billy CrystalBraver, Rita (November 6, 2005). "Life Is Short, Laugh Hard". CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/11/06/sunday/main1015865.shtml.
- ^ "Billy Crystal | Hollywood Walk of Fame". Walkoffame.com. http://www.walkoffame.com/billy-crystal. Retrieved 2012-04-10.
- ^ "Billy Crystal Biography". Yahoo! Movies. http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/contributor/1800015850/bio. Retrieved January 16, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f Lipton, James (host) (October 8, 2007). "Billy Crystal, 2nd Visit". Inside the Actors Studio. episode 1307. season 13. Bravo. http://www.bravotv.com/Inside_the_Actors_Studio/guest/Billy_Crystal_-_2nd_Visit.
- ^ "Billy Crystal to return as host for 84th Academy Awards". Tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/11/10/billy-crystal-to-return-as-host-for-84th-academy-awards/110348/?utm_campaign=WP. Retrieved 2012-04-10.
- ^ "Oscars: "King" wins, show loses". Chicago Sun-Times. http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20110227/OSCARS/110229986.
- ^ "Leno's autographed bike raises $500,000". USAToday. Associated Press. September 30, 2005. http://www.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2005-09-30-leno-bike_x.htm.
- ^ "Billy Crystal to sign contract with Yankees". Yahoo. March 10, 2008. http://sports.yahoo.com/mlb/news;_ylt=ApQysfnqvYEYnzAzS7waMwc5nYcB?slug=ap-yankees-crystal&prov=ap&type=lgns.
- ^ By Chris Girandola / Special to MLB.com. "Crystal strikes out in only at-bat". Newyork.yankees.mlb.com. http://newyork.yankees.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20080313&content_id=2423946&vkey=spt2008news&fext=.jsp&c_id=nyy. Retrieved 2012-05-04.
- ^ "Yankees release Billy Crystal on 61st birthday - Baseball". Nbcsports.msnbc.com. March 14, 2008. http://www.nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/23566549/. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
- ^ Crystal, Billy (April 19, 2009). "Feeling Lonely Behind the Facade". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/19/sports/baseball/19crystal.html?_r=1&8dpc. Retrieved March 26, 2010.
- ^ "Billy Crystal Strikes Out in New Career". The Insider. March 14, 2008. http://www.theinsider.com/news/727182_Billy_Crystal_Strikes_Out_in_New_Career. Retrieved December 6, 2009.
- ^ Lee, Sandra Y.. ""Celebrity Parents: Billy Crystal"". Parents.com. http://www.parents.com/parenting/celebrity-parents/celebrity-parents-billy-crystal/. Retrieved 2012-05-04.
- ^ "Having Struggled From Warm-Up Act to Headliner: BILLY CRYSTAL". Time. October 19, 1992. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,976793,00.html.
- ^ Trescott, Jacqueline (May 2, 2007). "Billy Crystal, Clearly Funny". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/01/AR2007050101252.html.
External links[link]
- Billy Crystal at the Internet Movie Database
- Billy Crystal appears on Michael Eisner's talkshow on CNBC
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Crystal, Billy |
| Alternative names | Crystal, William Edward |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1948-3-14 |
| Place of birth | New York City |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Billy_Crystal
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Crystal
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Adam Yauch | |
|---|---|
 Yauch performing in 2007 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Adam Nathaniel Yauch |
| Also known as | MCA Nathanial Hörnblowér, Abednego |
| Born | (1964-08-05)August 5, 1964 Brooklyn, New York, U.S. |
| Died | May 4, 2012(2012-05-04) (aged 47) Brooklyn, New York, U.S.[1] |
| Genres | Hip hop, rap rock, hardcore punk, alternative hip hop |
| Occupations | Rapper, musician, songwriter, director, film distributor |
| Instruments | MC, vocals, bass guitar, keyboards |
| Years active | 1979–2012 |
| Labels | Def Jam Grand Royal Capitol |
| Associated acts | Beastie Boys |
| Website | www.beastieboys.com |
| Notable instruments | |
| ARP-2600 Ampeg AEB-1 Fender Jazz Ampeg Electric Upright Roland TR-808 |
|
Adam Nathaniel Yauch (pronounced /ˈjaʊk/; August 5, 1964 – May 4, 2012) was an American rapper, songwriter, film director, and human rights activist. He was best known as a founding member of the Beastie Boys - a hip hop group that recorded between 1985–2012, with many of their releases becoming certified platinum selling. He was frequently known by his stage name, MCA, and sometimes worked under the pseudonym Nathanial Hörnblowér.
Yauch founded Oscilloscope Laboratories, an independent film production and distribution company based in New York City. A Buddhist, he was involved in the Tibetan independence movement and organized the Tibetan Freedom Concert.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Yauch was born an only child in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Frances, a social worker, and Noel Yauch, a painter and architect.[2] His father had been raised a Catholic and his mother was Jewish; Yauch himself received a non-religious upbringing,[3][4] although his and his bandmates' Jewish heritage was often referenced in media.[5][6][7][8]
Yauch attended Edward R. Murrow High School in the Midwood neighborhood of Brooklyn. In high school, he taught himself to play the bass guitar.[9] Yauch formed the Beastie Boys with John Berry, Kate Schellenbach, and Michael Diamond.[10] They played their first show — while still a hardcore punk band in the vein of Reagan Youth — on his 17th birthday. He attended Bard College for two years before dropping out.[11]
Career[link]
When Yauch was 22, the Beastie Boys, now performing as a hip hop trio (via Rick Rubin), released their first album Licensed to Ill on Def Jam Records. Under the pseudonym "Nathanial Hörnblowér", Yauch directed many of the Beastie Boys' music videos.[11][12]
In 2002, Yauch built a recording studio in New York City called Oscilloscope Laboratories. He began an independent film distributing company called Oscilloscope Pictures.[13] Yauch directed the 2006 Beastie Boys concert film, Awesome; I Fuckin' Shot That!, although in the DVD extras for the film, the title character in "A Day in the Life of Nathanial Hörnblowér" is played by David Cross. He also directed the 2008 film Gunnin' For That#1 Spot about eight high school basketball prospects at the Boost Mobile Elite 24 Hoops Classic at Rucker Park in Harlem, New York City. Yauch produced Build a Nation, the comeback album from hardcore/punk band Bad Brains. Oscilloscope Laboratories also distributed Adam Yauch's directorial film debut, basketball documentary Gunnin' For That#1 Spot (2008) as well as Kelly Reichardt's Wendy and Lucy (2008) and Oren Moverman’s The Messenger (2009).[14]
The Beastie Boys had sold 40 million records worldwide by 2010.[11] In April 2012, the group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Yauch was inducted in absentia due to his illness.[9] His bandmates paid tribute to Yauch; a letter from Yauch was read to the crowd.[15]
In 2011, Yauch received the Charles Flint Kellogg Award in Arts and Letters from Bard College, the college he attended for two years. The award is "given in recognition of a significant contribution to the American artistic or literary heritage."[16]
Personal life[link]
Yauch was a practicing Buddhist.[17] He became an important voice in the Tibetan independence movement.[18][19] He created the Milarepa Fund, a non-profit organization devoted to Tibetan independence, and organized several benefit concerts to support the cause, including the Tibetan Freedom Concert.[9][14][20]
Yauch was also a strong supporter of feminism and LGBT rights, apologizing for early lyrics which he retroactively deemed offensive. In 1999, the Beastie Boys sent a letter to Time Out New York apologizing for homophobic lyrics, and in their song "Sure Shot" Yauch sings "I want to say a little something that’s long overdue/ The disrespect to women has got to be through/ To all the mothers and sisters and wives and friends/ I want to offer my love and respect to the end."
He and his wife, Dechen Wangdu, had a daughter, Tenzin Losel, in 1998.[9][21]
Illness and death[link]
In 2009, Yauch was diagnosed and treated for a cancerous parotid gland and a lymph node and underwent surgery and radiation therapy, delaying the release of Hot Sauce Committee Part Two and the subsequent tour.[22][23] He was unable to appear in music videos for the album. Yauch can be seen chewing gum in almost all of his performances after his diagnosis, the gum was used to help with his moisture and mouth issues.[9][14] Yauch became a vegan under the recommendation of his Tibetan doctors.[24] At the time, Yauch described the cancer as "very treatable".[25]
Yauch died at age 47 on May 4, 2012, after a three-year battle with throat cancer.[1][26][27] Upon his death, Russell Simmons of Def Jam Records said that Yauch "was incredibly sweet and the most sensitive artist, who I loved dearly." Ben Stiller tweeted that Yauch "stood for integrity as an artist."[11] Rapper Q-Tip shared a personal message, sending his condolences out to the trio's surviving members, tweeting "RIP yauch and thank u mike and adam n adam 4 all of your help, the tours, the bball games, n great times. a humanitarian a tru friend."[28]
Jeff Ament of Pearl Jam said that Yauch was "a crazy talent whose contributions with his band were inspirational and consistently ground breaking".[29] Radiohead frontman Thom Yorke wrote, "We looked up to the Beastie Boys a lot when we were starting out and how they maintained artistic control making wicked records but still were on a major label, and the Tibetan Freedom Concerts they organized had a very big influence on me personally and the way Adam conducted himself and dealt with it all impressed me a lot. He was a mellow and [very] smart guy. May he rest in peace."[30] Eminem said in an interview, "Adam Yauch brought a lot of positivity into the world and I think it's obvious to anyone how big of an influence the Beastie Boys were on me and so many others."[31]
Beastie Boys rapper Adam "Ad-Rock" Horovitz posted a note on the band's Tumblr page about the death of Yauch. He wrote, "As you can imagine, shit is just fkd up right now. But I wanna say thank you to all our friends and family (which are kinda one in the same) for all the love and support. I'm glad to know that all the love that Yauch has put out into the world is coming right back at him."[32]
References[link]
- ^ a b "Beastie Boys Co-Founder Adam Yauch Dead at 47". Rolling Stone. May 4, 2012. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/beastie-boys-co-founder-adam-yauch-dead-at-48-20120504. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^ "Adam Yauch Dies at 47; Beastie Boy Became Advocate for Tibet", The Washington Post, May 4, 2012, http://www.oregonlive.com/newsflash/index.ssf/story/adam-yauch-dies-at-47-beastie-boy/bc75e8598d8129c6da6b0dedbd4663cd, retrieved May 6, 2012
- ^ By Anthony DeCurtis (May 28, 1998). "Adam Yauch on His Spiritual Journey: 'I Don't Care If Somebody Makes Fun of Me' | Music News". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/adam-yauch-on-his-spiritual-journey-i-dont-care-if-somebody-makes-fun-of-me-20120504. Retrieved May 5, 2012.
- ^ Anderman, Joan (August 26, 1998). "From Beastie Boy to a man of the spirit". Boston Globe. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/33391865.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+26%2C+1998&author=Joan+Anderman%2C+Globe+Correspondent&pub=Boston+Globe&desc=From+Beastie+Boy+to+a+man+of+the+spirit&pqatl=google.
- ^ O'Malley Greenburg, Zack (5/04/2012). "Adam 'MCA' Yauch And The Beastie Boys: Hip-Hop Pioneers". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2012/05/04/adam-mca-yauch-and-the-beastie-boys-hip-hop-pioneers/. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
- ^ Howell, Peter (2012/05/05). "Beasties’ Adam Yauch: Memories of a Renaissance Boy". Toronto Star. http://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/article/1173512--beasties-adam-yauch-memories-of-a-renaissance-boy. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
- ^ A. Greenberg, Brad (May 4, 2012). "Beastie Boys’ Adam Yauch, Jewish legend and hip-hop pioneer, has died". Jewish Journal. http://www.jewishjournal.com/thegodblog/item/beastie_boys_adam_yauch_jewish_legend_and_hip_hop_pioneer_has_died_20120504/. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
- ^ Kensky, Eitan (May 6, 2012). "Adam Yauch and the Adolescent Sublime". Jewish Daily Forward. http://forward.com/articles/155831/adam-yauch-and-the-adolescent-sublime/. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f Gray, Madison. "Adam Yauch, MCA of the Beastie Boys, Dies After Cancer Complications". Entertainment.time.com. http://entertainment.time.com/2012/05/04/adam-yauch-mca-of-the-beastie-boys-dies-after-cancer-battle/?xid=gonewsedit&google_editors_picks=true. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^ "Beastie Boys' Adam Yauch dies at age 47". Content.usatoday.com. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/entertainment/post/2012/05/beastie-boys-adam-yauch-dies-at-age-47/1?csp=hf#.T6RtJVKyOSo. Retrieved May 5, 2012.
- ^ a b c d "Adam Yauch of the Beastie Boys dies at 47". Boston.com. May 2, 2008. http://www.boston.com/ae/music/articles/2012/05/04/simmons_adam_yauch_of_the_beastie_boys_dead_at_47/. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^ "Nathanial Hornblower bio". oscilloscope.net. http://www.oscilloscope.net/bios/bio_hornblower.html.
- ^ Ryzik, Melena (September 8, 2008). "Offstage, a Beastie Boy Enters the World of Independent Film". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/09/movies/09yauc.html. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^ a b c 2:08 PM By Rafer Guzman. "Beastie Boys rapper Adam Yauch dead at 47". Newsday.com. http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/pet-rock-1.811972/beastie-boys-rapper-adam-yauch-dead-at-47-1.3699038. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^ By WENN.com. "Yauch misses Hall of Fame ceremony | Music | Entertainment | London Free Press". Lfpress.com. http://www.lfpress.com/entertainment/music/2012/04/15/19634311.html. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^ "Academics – Bard College Catalogue". Bard.edu. http://www.bard.edu/catalogue/index.php?aid=10819&sid=669146. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^ Van Biema, David; McDowell, Jeanne (October 13, 1997). "Buddhism in American". Time Magazine. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,987164,00.html.
- ^ "Adam Yauch Of Beastie Boys Remembered For Tibetan Activism, Freedom Concerts". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/04/adam-yauch-dead-tibet_n_1478359.html.
- ^ "FRONTLINE:Online Interview with Adam Yauch". Frontline. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/tibet/interviews/yauch.html.
- ^ "Tibet supporter Yauch of Beastie Boys fights with cancer". www.phayul.com. July 21, 2009. http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?article=Tibet+supporter+Yauch+of+Beastie+Boys+fights+with+cancer&id=25182. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^ a b "Adam Yauch, Feminist Ally". The Jewish Daily Forward. May 4, 2012. http://blogs.forward.com/sisterhood-blog/155827/adam-yauch-feminist-ally/. Retrieved May 13, 2012.
- ^ Thomson, Katherine (July 20, 2009). "Beastie Boy Adam Yauch has 'very treatable.' cancer". Associated Press. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/07/20/beastie-boy-adam-yauch-ha_2_n_241325.html. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
- ^ Yauch Announcement on YouTube
- ^ "Beastie Boy 'hopeful' over cancer". BBC News. October 8, 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8296304.stm.
- ^ "The Associated Press: Adam Yauch of the Beastie Boys dies at 47". Google.com. http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5j3PVFQybkQNQLZ-TdbhC9K60huQA?docId=a84b1c66db6143409c50bdc12d7f18cd. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^ "R.I.P. Adam Yauch of the Beastie Boys". Pitchfork Media. http://www.pitchfork.com/news/46406-rip-adam-yauch-of-the-beastie-boys/.
- ^ http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-05-04/news/chi-adam-yauch-dead-at-47-beastie-boys-mca-yauch-dead-20120504_1_adam-mca-yauch-michael-mike-d-diamond-hip-hop
- ^ http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1684506/adam-yauch-mca-beastie-boys-dead-hip-hop-rappers-reactions.jhtml
- ^ "MCA RIP". Pearl Jam. May 4, 2012. http://www.pearljam.com/news/mca-rip. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^ "Dot Connectors". Radiohead. May 5, 2012. http://radiohead.com/deadairspace/120505/Dot-Connectors. Retrieved May 5, 2012.
- ^ Vena, Jocelyn (May 4, 2012). "Eminem Pays Tribute To Adam Yauch's 'Influence'". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1684539/adam-yauch-mca-beastie-boys-celebrity-reactions.jhtml. Retrieved May 6, 2012.
- ^ Kaufman, Gil (May 7, 2012). "Beastie Boys' Ad-Rock Pays Tribute To Adam Yauch". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1684569/beastie-boys-adam-yauch-ad-rock-tribute.jhtml. Retrieved May 7, 2012.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Adam Yauch |
- Oscilloscope homepage
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Adam Yauch on Charlie Rose
- MCA at the Internet Movie Database
- Works by or about Adam Yauch in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- MCA at the Notable Names Database
- Interviews
- Interview in Shambhala Sun
- Audio interview on the.LIFE Files
- Interview on "Gunnin' For That #1 Spot" at IFC, June 2008
|
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Yauch, Adam |
| Alternative names | MCA |
| Short description | American musician and film director |
| Date of birth | August 5, 1964 |
| Place of birth | Brooklyn, New York, U.S. |
| Date of death | May 4, 2012 |
| Place of death | Brooklyn, New York, U.S. |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Yauch
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| File:The9 (Chinese company) logo.png | |
| Type | Public (NASDAQ: NCTY) |
|---|---|
| Industry | Internet Gaming |
| Founded | 1999 |
| Headquarters | Shanghai, China |
| Area served | China |
| Key people | Zhu Jun, Chairman/CEO |
| Products | Online Game operation |
| Revenue |  126.3 million USD (2006) |
| Net income | $40.0 million USD (2006) |
| Employees | 854 |
| Website | the9.com |
The9 Limited (Chinese: 第九城市) (NASDAQ: NCTY) corporation is a Shanghai-based online game operator which had the exclusive license to operate and distribute World of Warcraft in China (launched in June 2005, it has since become the largest online game), a license they secured after successfully aiding Webzen Games in distributing Mu Online in China. However, in April 2009, Blizzard has said that the licence has been moved to NetEase.com.[1]
Its name is derived from a belief that MMORPGs, and online gaming in general, is the "ninth art" (the other eight being the traditional ones of painting, sculpture, architecture, etc.)
Current game licenses acquired[link]
Note: In rough order of release.
- Mu Online (the partnership has ended)
- World of Warcraft (the partnership has ended)[2]
- Joyful Journey West
- Guild Wars (Chinese version) (The deal with NCsoft ended prematurely.March 31, 2008)[3]
- Soul of the Ultimate Nation
- Granado Espada
- Hellgate: London
- Huxley
- Ragnarok Online 2
- FIFA Online 2
- Atlantica Online
- Free Realms[4]
- Planetside 2
- Firefall
References[link]
- Volume 1, Issue 49 of The Escapist, "Red Blindness" by Allen Varney
External links[link]
 |
This Asian video game corporation or company-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
http://wn.com/The9
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The9
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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