Linda Jenness (born 1941^[1]) was a Socialist Workers Party candidate for president of the United States in the 1972 election. She received 83,380 votes (vs. 47,169,911 for Richard Nixon).^{[note 1]}

Biography[link]

Jenness was the party's candidate for Governor of Georgia in 1970. She had collected 88,175 signatures in order to get on the ballot. Jenness, the SWP and two other candidates of the party brought a lawsuit, Jenness v. Fortson 403 U.S. 431 (1971), regarding Georgia's ballot access standards, a case about which it has been said that it "continues to haunt the jurisprudence of ballot access law" (Raskin 2003, page 103).

She was also involved in the case 26 F.C.C.2d 485 (1970), regarding media coverage of third-party candidates.

In 1972, Jenness, Vice Presidential candidate Andrew Pulley, and People's Party candidates Benjamin Spock and Julius Hobson wrote to Major General Bert A. David, commanding officer of Fort Dix in New Jersey asking for permission to distribute campaign literature and to hold an election-related campaign meeting. Based on Fort Dix regulations 210-26 and 210-27, General David refused the request. Ultimately the case made its way to the United States Supreme Court (424 U.S. 828—Greer, Commander, Fort Dix Military Reservation, et al., v. Spock et al., which ruled against the plaintiffs).

Aged 31 at time of the election, she did not meet the Constitutional age requirement to hold the office of President, but the SWP was on the ballot in 25 states—six more than in 1968. She qualified for the Ohio ballot but was removed when she could not prove she was 35.^[2]

As of September 2010, Linda Jeness was still active as supporter of the SWP^[3].

Books[link]

Linda Jenness has authored several books and pamphlets, or provided introductions. Some of these are as follows:

• Jenness, Linda, and Fidel Castro (1970). Woman & The Cuban Revolution New York: Pathfinder Press.
• Jenness, Linda (1972). Socialism and democracy; a speech by Linda Jenness, Socialist Workers Party candidate for president, 1972. New York: Pathfinder Press ISBN 0-87348-280-8
• Jenness, Linda (1973). Feminism and Socialism. New York: Pathfinder Press ISBN 1-199-12398-6
• Jenness, Linda, and Andrew Pulley (1973). Introduction to Watergate: The View from the Left - Unpublicized Facts About Government Attacks on Dissenters and the Socialists; Strategy for Fighting Back New York: Pathfinder Press
• Jenness, Linda (1975). Last Hired, First Fired: Affirmative Action VS. Seniority

See also[link]

• List of female United States presidential and vice-presidential candidates

Notes[link]

1. ^ In Arizona, Pima and Yavapai counties had a ballot malfunction that counted many votes for both a major party candidate and Linda Jenness. A court ordered that the ballots be counted for both. As a consequence, Jenness received 16% and 8% of the vote in Pima and Yavapai, respectively. 30,579 of her 30,945 Arizona votes are from those two counties. Some sources don't count these votes for Jenness.^{[citation needed]}

References[link]

• Raskin, Jamin (2003). Overruling Democracy; The Supreme Court Versus the American People
• 424 U.S. 828 -- Greer, Commander, Fort Dix Military Reservation, et al., v. Spock et al.
• Results, 1972 American Presidential Election

External links[link]

• Interview in Libertarian Forum, December 1972 (pdf)

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (August 2011)

Benjamin Spock
Benjamin Spock at the Miami Book Fair International of 1989
Born	Benjamin McLane Spock (1903-05-02)May 2, 1903 New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Died	March 15, 1998(1998-03-15) (aged 94) La Jolla, California, USA
Nationality	American
Fields	Pediatrics, Psychoanalysis
Institutions	Mayo Clinic 1947-1951 University of Pittsburgh 1951-1955 Case Western Reserve University 1955-1967
Alma mater	Yale University Columbia University MD
Signature

Benjamin McLane Spock (May 2, 1903 – March 15, 1998) was an American pediatrician whose book Baby and Child Care, published in 1946, is one of the biggest best-sellers of all time. Throughout its first 52-years, Baby and Child Care was the second-best-selling book, next to the Bible.^[1] Its message to mothers is that "you know more than you think you do."^[2]

Spock was the first pediatrician to study psychoanalysis to try to understand children's needs and family dynamics. His ideas about childcare influenced several generations of parents to be more flexible and affectionate with their children, and to treat them as individuals. In addition to his pediatric work, Spock was an activist in the New Left and anti Vietnam War movements during the 1960s and early 1970s. At the time his books were criticized by Vietnam War supporters for allegedly propagating permissiveness and an expectation of instant gratifications that led young people to join these movements, a charge Spock denied. Spock also won an Olympic gold medal in rowing in 1924 while attending Yale University.

Biography[link]

Benjamin McLane Spock was born May 2, 1903, in New Haven, Connecticut; his parents were Benjamin Ives Spock, a Yale graduate and long-time general counsel of the New Haven Railroad, and Mildred Louise Stoughton Spock.^[3] As the eldest of six children, Spock helped take care of his siblings in various ways.

Like his father before him, Spock attended Phillips Academy and Yale University. Spock studied literature and history at Yale, and also was active in athletics, becoming a part of the Olympic rowing crew (Men's Eights) that won a gold medal at the 1924 games in Paris. At Yale, he was inducted into the senior society Scroll and Key. He attended the Yale School of Medicine for two years before shifting to Columbia University's College of Physicians and Surgeons, from which he graduated first in his class in 1929. By that time, he had married Jane Cheney.^[4]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

Jane Cheney married Spock in 1927 and assisted him in the research and writing of Dr. Spock's Baby & Child Care, which was published in 1946 by Duell, Sloan & Pearce as The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care. The book has sold more than 50 million copies in 49 languages.

Jane Cheney Spock was a civil liberties advocate and mother of 2 sons. She was born in Manchester, Connecticut, and attended Bryn Mawr College. She was active in Americans for Democratic Action, the American Civil Liberties Union and the National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy. After their divorce in 1976, she organized and ran support groups for older divorced women.

In 1976, Spock married Mary Morgan, who had formerly arranged speeches and workshops for him. They built a home in Esculapia Hollow, Arkansas, on Beaver lake, where Spock and Morgan would row in olympic training rowing shells early in the morning. Mary quickly adapted to Spock's life of travel and political activism. She was arrested with him many times for civil disobedience. Once they were arrested in Washington DC for praying on the White House Lawn, along with other demonstrators. When arrested, Morgan was strip searched. Spock was not. She sued the jail and the mayor of DC for sex discrimination. ACLU took the case, and won. Morgan also introduced Spock to massage, yoga, and a macrobiotic diet, and meditation, which reportedly improved his health. Mary scheduled his speaking dates and handled the legal agreements for Baby and Child Care for the 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th editions. She continues to publish the book with the help of co-author Robert Needlman. Baby and Child Care still sells world-wide. A new Indian edition will be published in 2012, in English.

For most of his life, Spock wore Brooks Brothers suits and shirts with detachable collars, but, at 75, for the first time in his life, Mary Morgan got him to try blue jeans. She introduced him to Transactional Analysis therapists and joined him in meditation twice a day, (given to him by Harriet Levy), and cooked him a macrobiotic diet. "She gave me back my youth", Spock would tell reporters. He adapted to her lifestyle, as she did to his. There was 40 years difference in their ages. But Spock would tell reporters, when questioned about their age difference, that they were both 16.

Spock had a 35-ft sailboat named "Carapace", which he lived aboard in Tortola, British Virgin Islands. At the age of 84, Spock came in 3rd (out of a field of 8), rowing his dingy across the Sir Frances Drake Channel between Tortola and Norman Island, a distance of four miles. It took him 2 and 1/2 hours. He credited his strength and good health to his life style and his love for life.

Spock had a second sailboat named "Turtle", which he lived aboard and sailed in Maine in the summers. They lived only on boats, with no house, for most of 20 years. At the very end of Spock's life, he was advised to come ashore by his physician, Steve Pauker, of New England Medical Center, Boston.

Spock died at his home in La Jolla, California on March 15, 1998, within 6 weeks of his 95th birthday, May 2. His ashes are buried in Rockport, Maine.

Books[link]

In 1946, Spock published his book The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care, which became a bestseller. Its message to mothers is that "you know more than you think you do."^[2] By 1998 it had sold more than 50 million copies. It has been translated into 39 languages. Later he wrote three more books about parenting.

Spock advocated ideas about parenting that were, at the time, considered out of the mainstream. Over time, his books helped to bring about major change. Previously, experts^{[citation needed]} had told parents that babies needed to learn to sleep on a regular schedule, and that picking them up and holding them whenever they cried would only teach them to cry more and not to sleep through the night (a notion that borrows from behaviorism). They were told^{[citation needed]} to feed their children on a regular schedule, and that they should not pick them up, kiss them, or hug them, because that would not prepare them to be strong and independent individuals in a harsh world. Spock encouraged parents to see their children as individuals, and not to apply a one-size-fits all philosophy to them.

Later in life Spock wrote a book entitled "Dr. Spock on Vietnam" and co-wrote an autobiography entitled "Spock on Spock" (with Mary Morgan Spock), in which he stated his attitude toward aging: "Delay and Deny".

In the seventh edition of Baby and Child Care, published a few weeks after he died, Spock advocated for a bold change in children's diets, recommending that all children switch to a vegan diet after the age of 2.^[5] Spock himself had switched to an all-plant diet in 1991, after a series of illnesses that left him weak and unable to walk unaided. After making the dietary change, he lost 50 pounds, regained his ability to walk and became healthier overall. The revised edition stated children on an all-plant diet will reduce their risk of developing heart disease, obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes and certain diet-related cancers. Several studies have shown that, in general, vegetarians are leaner and at lower risk of such diseases. The approach to childhood nutrition was criticized by a number of experts, including his co-author, Dr. Steven J. Parker, as too extreme and likely to result in nutritional deficiencies unless it is very carefully planned and executed, something that would be difficult for working parents.^[1]

Other writers, such as Lynn Bloom and Thomas Maier, have written biographies of Spock.

Views[link]

Sudden infant death syndrome[link]

Spock advocated that infants should not be placed on their back when sleeping, commenting in his 1958 edition that "if [an infant] vomits, he's more likely to choke on the vomitus." This advice was extremely influential on health-care providers, with nearly unanimous support through to the 1990s.^[6] Later empirical studies, however, found that there is a significantly increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) associated with infants sleeping on their abdomens. Advocates of evidence-based medicine have used this as an example of the importance of basing health-care recommendations on statistical evidence, with one researcher estimating that as many as 50,000 infant deaths in Europe, Australia, and the US could have been prevented had this advice been altered by 1970, when such evidence became available.^[7]

Male circumcision[link]

In the 1940s, Spock initially favored circumcision of males performed within a few days of birth. However, in 1989, in an article for Redbook magazine, he stated that "circumcision of males is traumatic, painful, and of questionable value."^[8] He received the first Human Rights Award from the International Symposium on Circumcision (ISC) in 1991 and was quoted saying "My own preference, if I had the good fortune to have another son, would be to leave his little penis alone".^[9]

Political involvement[link]

In 1962, Spock joined The Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy, otherwise known as SANE. Spock was politically outspoken and active in the movement to end the Vietnam War. In 1968, he and four others (including William Sloane Coffin, Marcus Raskin, Mitchell Goodman, and Michael Ferber) were singled out for prosecution by then Attorney General Ramsey Clark on charges of conspiracy to counsel, aid, and abet resistance to the draft.^[10] Spock and three of his alleged co-conspirators were convicted, although the five had never been in the same room together. His two-year prison sentence was never served; the case was appealed and in 1969 a federal court set aside his conviction.

In 1967, Spock was to be nominated as Martin Luther King, Jr.'s vice-presidential running mate at the National Conference for New Politics over Labor Day weekend in Chicago. According to William F. Pepper's Orders to Kill, however, the conference was broken up by agents provocateurs working for the government.

In 1968, Spock signed the “Writers and Editors War Tax Protest” pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War.^[11]

Spock was the People's Party candidate in the 1972 United States presidential election with a platform that called for free medical care, the repeal of "victimless crime" laws, including the legalization of abortion, homosexuality, and marijuana, a guaranteed minimum income for families and the immediate withdrawal of all American troops from foreign countries.^[12] In the 1970s and 1980s, Spock demonstrated and gave lectures against nuclear weapons and cuts in social welfare programs.

In 1972, Spock, Julius Hobson (his Vice Presidential candidate), Linda Jenness (Socialist Workers Party Presidential candidate), and Socialist Workers Party Vice Presidential candidate Andrew Pulley wrote to Major General Bert A. David, commanding officer of Fort Dix, asking for permission to distribute campaign literature and to hold an election-related campaign meeting. On the basis of Fort Dix regulations 210-26 and 210-27, General David refused the request. Spock, Hobson, Jenness, Pulley, and others then filed a case that ultimately made its way to the United States Supreme Court (424 U.S. 828—Greer, Commander, Fort Dix Military Reservation, et al., v. Spock et al.), which ruled against the plaintiffs.^[13]

Claims that Spock's books led to the Anti Vietnam War movement and Permissiveness[link]

This subsection needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2010)

Norman Vincent Peale was a preacher who supported the Vietnam War. During the late 1960s Peale referring to the anti Vietnam War demonstrations and the perceived laxity of that era blamed these events on Dr. Spock's books claiming that "the U.S. was paying the price of two generations that followed the Dr. Spock baby plan of instant gratification of needs." Vice President Spiro Agnew blamed Spock for permissiveness.^[14][15] The allegations stuck and adults when angry with the activities of the youth of that era sometimes referred to them as "the Spock generation".^[16][17][18]

Spock's supporters believed that these criticisms betrayed an ignorance of what Spock had actually written, and/or a political bias against Spock's left-wing political activities. Spock himself, in his autobiography, pointed out that he had never advocated permissiveness; also, that the attacks and claims that he had ruined American youth only arose after his public opposition to the Vietnam war. He regarded these claims as ad hominem attacks, whose political motivation and nature were clear.^[16][17]

Spock addressed these accusations in the first chapter of his 1994 book, Rebuilding American Family Values: A Better World for Our Children.

The Permissive Label: A couple weeks after my indictment [for 'conspiracy to counsel, aid and abet resistance to the military draft'], I was accused by Reverend Norman Vincent Peale, a well-known New York clergyman and author who supported the Vietnam War, of corrupting an entire generation. In a sermon widely reported in the press, Reverend Peale blamed me for all the lack of patriotism, lack of responsibility, and lack of discipline of the young people who opposed the war. All these failings, he said, were due to my having told their parents to give them "instant gratification" as babies. I was showered with blame in dozens of editorials and columns from primarily conservative newspapers all over the country heartily agreeing with Peale's assertions. Many parents have since stopped me on the street or in airports to thank me for helping them to raise fine children, and they've often added, "I don't see any instant gratification in Baby and Child Care" I answer that they're right--I've always advised parents to give their children firm, clear leadership and to ask for cooperation and politeness in return. On the other hand I've also received letters from conservative mothers saying, in effect, "Thank God I've never used your horrible book. That's why my children take baths, wear clean clothes and get good grades in school." Since I received the first accusation twenty-two years after Baby and Child Care was originally published--and since those who write about how harmful my book is invariably assure me they've never used it--I think it's clear that the hostility is to my politics rather than my pediatric advice. And though I've been denying the accusation for twenty-five years, one of the first questions I get from many reporters and interviewers is, "Doctor Spock, are you still permissive?" You can't catch up with a false accusation.

The negative perceptions continued into the 21st Century.^[15] As recently as 2009 a column in the WorldNetDaily accused Dr. Spock of encouraging narcissism leading to lingering high crime rates and disdain for authority.^[19]

Public misconceptions[link]

Contrary to a popular rumor, Spock's son did not commit suicide.^[20] Spock had two children: Michael and John. Michael was formerly the director of the Boston Children's Museum and since retired from the museum profession. John is the owner of a construction firm. However, Spock's grandson Peter did commit suicide on December 25, 1983 at the age of 22 by jumping from the roof of the Boston Children's Museum.^[21] He had long suffered from schizophrenia.^[22]

"Dr. Spock" is sometimes confused with the fictional character "Mr. Spock" from Star Trek. Trek creator Gene Roddenberry said he did not intentionally dub the character after Dr. Spock, but rather wanted to imbue his stoic creation with a strong-sounding, monosyllabic name.^[23]

Books by Benjamin Spock[link]

• Baby and Child Care (1946, with revisions up to eighth edition, 2004)
• A Baby's First Year (1954)
• Feeding Your Baby and Child (1955)
• Dr. Spock Talks With Mothers (1961)
• Problems of Parents (1962)
• Caring for Your Disabled Child (1965)
• Dr. Spock on Vietnam (1968)
• Decent and Indecent (1970)
• A Teenager's Guide to Life and Love (1970)
• Raising Children in a Difficult Time (1974)
• Spock on Parenting (1988)
• Spock on Spock: a Memoir of Growing Up With the Century (1989)
• A Better World for Our Children (1994)^[24]

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Bloom, Lynn Z. Doctor Spock: Biography of a Conservative Radical. The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Indianapolis: 1972.
• Maier, Thomas. Doctor Spock: An American Life. Harcourt Brace, New York: 1998.
• Interview in The Libertarian Forum, December 1972. The Libertarian is largely favorable to Spock's views as being pro-libertarian.

External links[link]

Biography portal

• Benjamin Spock at the Internet Movie Database
• Photos of the 1st edition of The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care
• Details surrounding the 1968 case
• Photographic portrait taken in old age
• A film clip "The Open Mind - American Values and the College Generation (1974)" is available for free download at the Internet Archive [more]
• Audio: Benjamin Spock speech at UC Berkeley Vietnam Teach-In, 1965 (in RealAudio and via UC Berkeley Media Resources Center)

Peter Camejo
Personal details
Born	Peter Miguel Camejo (1939-12-31)December 31, 1939 New York City
Died	September 13, 2008(2008-09-13) (aged 68) Folsom, California
Political party	Green
Other political affiliations	Socialist Workers Party
Spouse(s)	Morella Camejo
Alma mater	Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of California, Berkeley
Occupation	Investment Advisor and Political Activist

Peter Miguel Camejo (December 31, 1939 – September 13, 2008) was an American author, activist and politician. In the 2004 United States presidential election, he was selected by independent candidate Ralph Nader as his vice-presidential running mate on a ticket which had the endorsement of the Reform Party.^[1][2]

Camejo was a three-time Green Party gubernatorial candidate most recently in 2006, when he received 2.3 percent of the vote. Camejo also ran in the 2003 California recall election finishing fourth in a field of 135 candidates (2.8%), and in 2002, finishing third with 5.3%. In the 1976 presidential election he was running for the Socialist Workers Party.

Early life[link]

Camejo was a first-generation American of Venezuelan descent. At the time of his birth, his mother was residing in the Queens borough of New York City. Although a "natural born citizen" of the United States (constitutionally eligible for the U.S. Presidency later in life) Camejo spent most of his early childhood in Venezuela.

His parents, Elvia (née Guanche) and Dr. Daniel Camejo Octavio,^[3] divorced when their son was seven. Camejo then resided with his mother in the United States and returned to Venezuela during summer holidays to visit family. In later youth Camejo showed talent as a yachtsman, competing in 1960 for Venezuela at the Rome Olympics.^{[citation needed]}

Camejo entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, involving himself in soccer and, increasingly, left-wing politics. Later he studied history at the University of California, Berkeley, where he won election to student council. His participation in a protest of the Vietnam War in 1967 led to his suspension from the university for "using an unauthorized microphone." Then-governor Ronald Reagan deemed Camejo one of California's ten most dangerous citizens due to his presence at anti-war protests.^[4] He also participated in one of the Selma civil rights marches.^[4]

Political evolution[link]

Initially, Camejo was a member of the Socialist Workers Party, a Trotskyist party. As a branch organizer, he sought to reorient the SWP towards the student movement.^[5] He was the SWP's nominee for President in 1976 and won 90,986 votes, or 0.1%.

While a member of the Socialist Workers Party, Camejo wrote Racism, Revolution, Reaction, 1861-1877. The Rise and Fall of Radical Reconstruction(Pathfinder Press).^[6]

The SWP's policy was to turn its members into "proletarians" by having them take jobs in factories and advocate for a worker-based class struggle. By 1980, Camejo came to disagree with this policy in favor of democratic socialism, and the SWP expelled him.

In 1992 Camejo committed $20,000 of his own money toward establishing the Progressive Alliance of Alameda County, an organizational effort that failed to sustain itself. Camejo was quoted in 2002 as claiming that he was a watermelon—green on the outside but red on the inside.^[7]

Just over a month after the 2004 election, Camejo was elected as one of California's delegates to the National Committee of the Green Party. At the 2005 Green Party National Convention, Camejo stated that he would not be a candidate for President in 2008.

Camejo wrote a number of articles concerning the divisions evident in the Green Party in the aftermath of the turbulent 2004 national convention, continuing the themes of the Avocado Declaration in opposing attempts to "cozy up" to the newly-formed Progressive Democrats of America.

As a candidate for California Governor, Camejo, along with other Green Party candidates and activists Todd Chretien, Sarah Knopp, Rachel Odes, Don Bechler, Mehul Thakker, Forrest Hill, and Donna Warren, wrote California Under Corporate Rule, which he self-published.^[8]

In August 2008 he attended the convention of the Peace and Freedom Party in order to personally endorse Nader's presidential candidacy.^[4]

Gubernatorial campaigns[link]

Camejo ran for Governor of California three times, against incumbent governors Gray Davis and Arnold Schwarzenegger in 2002 and 2006, and in the 2003 recall election in which Schwarzenegger replaced Davis as governor.

2002 gubernatorial election[link]

In 2002, Camejo ran uncontested in the California Green Party gubernatorial primary. In the general election, he ran as part of the first full slate of Green candidates for all seven of California's partisan constitutional offices. Camejo lost the election to Governor Gray Davis, but he polled 393,036 votes, for 5.3% of the vote, the largest vote total for a third-party in the California governor's race since 1946, when Henry R. Schmidt of the Prohibition Party polled 7.1%. Because the San Francisco Green Party endorsed him, Camejo earned more votes in San Francisco than Republican gubernatorial nominee Bill Simon, a rarity in third-party politics. Camejo's alienation of the San Francisco local resulted in neither an endorsement nor any effort expended towards organizing for him in subsequent elections and he was unable to beat the Republican in San Francisco in 2003 and 2004.

2003 gubernatorial recall election[link]

In 2003, he was the endorsed Green Party candidate for governor (although several other Greens appeared on the ballot) in an unprecedented California recall election, in which he polled 242,247 votes for 2.8%, coming in fourth in a field of 135 certified candidates. In a strange preview of the divisions about to erupt on the left in the following year, Camejo first cooperated with, and then competed with, fellow recall candidate Arianna Huffington.

2006 gubernatorial election[link]

In San Francisco, Peter Camejo demonstrates for peace and against war March 3, 2006.

In 2006, Camejo made his third bid for Governor of California against incumbent Arnold Schwarzenegger and Democratic Party nominee Phil Angelides. Camejo received 193,553 votes, or 2.3% of the popular vote.

2004 vice-presidential campaign[link]

Camejo was submitted as a candidate in the Green Party of California's March 2, 2004, Presidential Preference Primary. Before the primary, he made it known that he was not planning to run for president and that any delegates pledged to him would not be committed to vote for him after the first round. The former gubernatorial candidate received 33,753 votes (75.9%) of the Green Party membership's support in California,^[9] and 72.7% of the votes in all Green Party primary elections.^[10]

In June 2004, Camejo campaigned for the vice-presidential spot beside two-time Green Party presidential candidate Ralph Nader as independents, running against the Green Party nominee. They received the endorsement of the Reform Party, which gave them ballot access in several states they would not otherwise have. With votes for Nader added in, the Nader/Camejo ticket had what appeared to be an insurmountable 83% of Green voters behind their candidacies going into the Green Party National Convention.^[10] However, their lack of contrition about their intentions and Nader's last-minute naming of Camejo as his running mate led to the appearance of a bait and switch deception, and did not play well with Green delegates.^{[citation needed]} Rejected by the Greens, Nader and Camejo continued their campaign as independent candidates.

Both Nader and Camejo said the main reason they ran in the 2004 election was because there were no other national candidates demanding an immediate withdrawal of American troops from what they believe is an immoral and unconstitutionally pursued War in Iraq (though Green David Cobb, Libertarian Michael Badnarik, Constitution Party candidate Michael Peroutka, Socialist Party USA candidate Walt Brown and Socialist Workers Party candidate Róger Calero also opposed the war to varying degrees.) However, unlike all of these candidates, because Ralph Nader was regularly invited to appear on mainstream news, the Nader and Camejo team were the only candidates who had a regular voice in the mainstream media arguing for withdrawal.

The Nader/Camejo ticket came in a distant third in the election, polling approximately 460,000 votes, or 0.4% of the vote. Camejo's supporters claimed vindication of their assertion that Nader/Camejo had four-to-one support within the party, as Cobb and running mate Pat LaMarche received scarcely a fifth of their support at 119,859 votes (0.1%) a drop of 95% compared to the Green Party's 2000 national ticket. Camejo's experiences on the 2004 campaign are chronicled in Jurgen Vsych's book, "What Was Ralph Nader Thinking?"^[11]

Family and work[link]

Camejo is survived by his wife, Morella Camejo; stepdaughter Alexandra Baquera, stepson Victor Baquera, and brothers Antonio and Daniel Camejo and Danny Ratner.^[12] He last lived in Folsom, California, where he was Chief Executive Officer of Progressive Asset Management,^[13] a financial investment firm that encourages socially responsible projects.

Camejo is the author of The SRI Advantage: Why Socially Responsible Investing Has Outperformed Financially (ISBN 978-0865714779).

At the time of his death, Camejo was engaged in writing North Star: A Memoir (ISBN 978-1931859929), published in May 2010 by Haymarket Books.^[14]

Conflict within the Green Party[link]

In the run-up to the June 6, 2006, primary elections in his home state, Camejo helped create Green IDEA (now IDEA PAC), a California political action committee espousing "Independence, Democracy, Empowerment, and Accountability," to support candidates for county councils, the locally elected leadership bodies of the Green Party of California. The IDEA pac is not raising or spending money as of 2010.

Some Greens^[who?] consider outside intervention in local elections to be a contravention of the Green Ten Key Values of Decentralization and Grassroots Democracy. Peter Daniels criticized Camejo for "lend[ing] his support to the right-wing effort to depose [California governor Gray] Davis" by recall in 2004.^[15] However, the Green Party state convention easily voted to endorse Camejo as a recall replacement candidate.

Death[link]

In January 2007, Camejo announced that he had been diagnosed with early-stage lymphoma, a cancer that is usually treatable.^[16] As of March 2008, after a series of chemotherapy treatments, the cancer was in remission,^[17] but in May it was announced that doctors had made a second diagnosis of lymphoma; Camejo died four months later.^[18]

See also[link]

• Avocado Declaration

Footnotes[link]

External links[link]

• Official VoteCircle Profile
• Rigged Convention, Divided Party by Carol Miller and Forest Hill
• CNN Factsheet On Peter Camejo, 2004.
• San Francisco Chronicle campaign profile, 2002
• California election results

Linda Maguire (born May 7, 1959) is an American opera and classical singer, recording artist and researcher in music and sensory therapies. She is best known for her performance as Ermione in the 1995, BBC filmed Glyndebourne Festival production of Rossini's opera Ermione.

Biography[link]

Maguire was born in Newport News, Virginia^[1] and as a teenager, worked as a madrigal singer and costumed character in Williamsburg, Virginia before going on to study opera at the Oberlin Conservatory and the University of Toronto. After finishing her studies, she went on to a 23-year international career singing over thirty soprano and mezzo-soprano leading roles. In 1996, she toured extensively throughout the Netherlands, singing the lead contralto role in Gluck's Orfeo ed Euridice.

She has recorded on the Collins Classics and Deutsche Grammophon Archiv labels, and has sung and recorded over eighty live vocal broadcasts of major works on radio stations CBC, BBC, NPR and others.

In 2004, she relocated from Toronto to Washington DC where she has sung in numerous performances at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, including Rossini's Stabat Mater, Beethoven's Symphony No. 9, Mahler's Symphony of a Thousand, Bach's Cantata BWV 79, Amy Beach's Canticle of the Sun, and most recently, Mendlessohn's Elijah and Handel's Messiah during the 2008-2009 season.

Maguire has also worked in the field of music therapy, researching the "Mozart effect" in children and the "Bach Effect" in adults and patients with Alzheimer's disease.

One of her brothers is Michael Maguire, an American actor, best known for his role as Enjolras in the original Broadway production of the musical Les Misérables.^[2]

Awards[link]

Arian Award, Metropolitan Opera Finalist, Juno Award (1993),^[3] Cardiff Singer of the World contestant representing Canada (1987)^[4]

Recordings[link]

• Linda Maguire Sings Berlioz, Coulthard, Wagner, Respighi – CBC Vancouver Orchestra. Label: CBC Records
• Peter Maxwell Davies: Job – CBC Vancouver Orchestra. Label: Collins Classics
• Handel: La resurrezione – Les Musiciens du Louvre. Label: Deutsche Grammophon Archiv
• Handel: Excerpts From Floridante – Tafelmusik Baroque Orchestra. Label: CBC Records

References[link]

Further sources

• Fraser, Hugh, A hilarious Figaro: Russell Braun and Linda Maguire are both topnotch, The Hamilton Spectator, November 27, 1995
• John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Biography of Linda Maguire

External links[link]

• Official website

Brian Welch
Brian Head Welch performing in Phoenix, AZ on 10/30/2010
Background information
Birth name	Brian Phillip Welch
Also known as	Head
Born	(1970-06-19) June 19, 1970 (age 42) Torrance, California, USA
Genres	Alternative metal, nu metal, Christian metal, heavy metal
Occupations	Musician, songwriter
Instruments	Guitar, vocals, programming, synthesizer
Years active	1989–present
Labels	Driven, Warner, Headdog Music
Associated acts	Korn, Love and Death
Website	www.brianheadwelch.net
Notable instruments
Ibanez K7 Ibanez RGD Baritone Ibanez RG

Brian Phillip Welch (born June 19, 1970),^[1] better known as Head, is an American musician best known as the former guitarist and co-founder of the nu metal band Korn^[2] and his solo project Love and Death. "Along with fellow Korn guitarist James "Munky" Shaffer, Welch helped patent Korn's distinctive sound, a mix of sirenlike shards of dissonant guitar that mimicked a turntablist's various effects and rumbling down-tuned riffing that defined the nu metal aesthetic beginning in the mid-'90s."^[2] After becoming a Christian, Welch left the band in 2005 to focus on life as a father and to pursue his own solo career. He released his debut Christian album, Save Me from Myself, in 2008.

Welch and Munky are ranked at No. 26 of Guitar World's 100 Greatest Heavy Metal Guitarists of All Time.^[3]

Biography[link]

Early life (1970–1993)[link]

Welch was raised in Bakersfield, California. Welch claims that, early in his life, he was different from most kids, and was bullied in school. He liked music, and was a big Ozzy Osbourne fan. Originally, Welch expressed interest in playing the drums, but his father convinced him to play the guitar so he would not have to haul a drum kit around. He began playing the guitar at the age of 10. His first guitar was a Peavey Mystic, which he referred to in his book Save Me from Myself as "maybe the most metal-looking guitar you have ever seen."^[4]

Describing how he got his nickname "Head", Welch stated, "Guys said my head looked like it was too big for my body, and so they started calling me “Head.” I guess it stuck”^[4]

Korn (1993–2005)[link]

Formation[link]

Korn formed after the group L.A.P.D. broke up, due to singer Richard Morrill's drug addiction. Musicians Reginald Arvizu, James Shaffer, and David Silveria wanted to continue, and hired Welch to play guitar in their new band named Creep. In early 1993, the band took notice of vocalist Jonathan Davis after seeing his band SexArt and attempted to recruit him. Davis initially did not want to join the band, but after consulting a psychic he changed his mind and auditioned. After Davis was hired, the group decided to rename themselves. "Jonathan had an immediate idea for a new name. He suggested that we call the band "Korn," and we all liked it. It sounded kinda creepy because it reminded us of that horror movie Children of the Corn".^[5]

Starting with Korn's self-titled debut album, and with subsequent albums Life Is Peachy, Follow The Leader, Issues, Untouchables, and Take A Look In The Mirror, the band gradually became one of the top-selling hard rock groups, earning $25 million in royalty payments and selling out arenas.^[2] In 1995, Welch's wife Rebekah gave birth to a daughter, but they decided to give her up for adoption. When she got pregnant again, they decided to keep the child. On July 6, 1998, Welch's wife gave birth to their second daughter, Jennea Marie Welch. The band was scheduled to be on the UK version of Ozzfest, but dropped out so that Welch could be by his wife's side. He and his wife have since divorced and Welch has custody of their daughter. The two reside in Arizona. Despite being divorced, Welch does keep in touch with his ex-wife.

By 2003, Welch had become addicted to drugs. He'd prepare for tours by stashing as much methamphetamine as he could in vitamin capsules, deodorant containers, and his clothes.^[2] According to Welch, the band members also suffered personal battles with addiction: "We were only sober for just a couple of hours a day in Korn. Every day. And then when you come home and you've got to deal with real life and your wife isn't having that, crap goes down."^[2] Despite his dreams coming true, Welch did not enjoy the touring life with Korn.

"You travel, you get to another town, you play a show and you do it again. You try to just be at peace but even a big, huge band like Korn, playing in front of thousands of people, it can get lonely. You feel like you're a trucker and you're traveling with a bunch of truckers. You can't connect with people except for the ones that you're with because the ones you party with after the show, you don't know them and then you're gone. When everyone's drunk, you're like 'Alright. Later.'"^[6]

Departure from Korn[link]

On February 22, 2005, Korn's management announced that after almost 12 years, Welch had left Korn, citing that he had "...chosen the Lord Jesus Christ as his savior, and will be dedicating his musical pursuits to that end."^{[7][8][9][10]} In a 2009 radio interview with The Full Armor of God Broadcast,^[11] Welch explained: "I was walking one day, just doing my Rock & Roll thing making millions of bucks, you know success and everything, addicted to drugs and then the next day I had Revelation of Christ and I was like, everything changes right now!" On March 10, 2005, Welch was baptized in the Jordan River with a group of believers from his church in Bakersfield, California.^[12][13] He has declared that he has rid himself of all drugs in his "own personal rehab" with God, in which he had checked into a hotel room and sat in his bed for hours.

Welch and Davis have attacked each other in the media since the former's departure. After Welch said that Davis and the rest of Korn cared only about money, Davis responded in kind, opening a rift between them that has since been resolved. In an interview in which Welch was asked about his book and Korn's reaction to the book and the attacks in the media he made earlier at the band:

They heard that I'd written it, and there was rumors going around in Hollywood that I was totally trashing them and that it was a "tell all" book about everything they did and I did. And so they actually wrote two songs on their new album bashing me about the book. But once I heard that they were concerned about the book, I sent them a copy and put a note in there and said, "I love you guys. I didn't trash you like people say. Read it yourselves. It is what it is." And now they're doing interviews, and I've read that they're totally cool with the book, and it's not what they thought it was going to be. So everyone's happy. But, now they've got two songs hating on me on their record. But it's cool. It's all good. I love them, they love me. I think maybe I deserved those songs because of some of the stuff that I said after I quit the band. So it's all good.^[14]

In July 2005, Welch appeared on CNN's feature-format program "People in the News", where he admitted to having been addicted to alcohol, methamphetamine, Xanax, and sleeping pills^[15] before being introduced to the Christian faith. Following his conversion to Christianity, Welch went to some of the more poverty-stricken areas of India to build orphanages, or "Head Homes". In a podcast with Headbanger's Blog, on May 30, 2008, Korn vocalist Jonathan Davis expressed interest in playing with Welch on the band's upcoming album, but stated that it isn't likely.^[16] In late 2008, Welch, among other celebrities such as Josh Hamilton and Greg Ellis, appeared in testimonial videos called I Am Second in which he shares his story of recovering from drug use with the help of his faith in Jesus Christ.^[17][18] In September 2009, Korn guitarist Munky, in an interview with Altitude TV, alleged that the band had denied a request by Welch to rejoin the outfit. In the interview, Munky claimed:

Brian actually contacted us recently and wanted to come back to the band. And it was not the right time... for us. We're doing well, and it's kind of like... It's kind of like if you divorced your wife and she went on and she stayed successful and her career flourished, and you go back and [say], 'My gosh, she's still hot. Baby, can we get back together?' 'Wait a minute... All the stuff's been divided, and it's like...' I don't see it happening right now.^[19]

Shortly after, Welch responded to the statement via his Myspace and official website, denying the claims:

I recently learned of an interview that Munky gave where he said that I came to Korn and asked to be taken back in the band. That's definitely not a complete and accurate picture. The full truth is that for about a year... Korn's managers have been requesting my manager to work on getting me back into Korn. The calls were initiated by Korn's managers, not my manager. I shut the door on their requests many, many times over the last several months.
As far as Munky's comment that "everything has been divided already" that is also not accurate. In fact, from January 2005 when I left, and for the next 4 years, Korn failed to pay to me royalties that were due me on records that I did with them. However, I don't believe this was done intentionally. We are trying to be patient and work with their management to get the financial issues resolved so that "everything can be divided as we agreed long ago in our contracts.^[20]