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BMJ is an open-access^[1] peer-reviewed medical journal. Originally called the British Medical Journal, the title was officially shortened to BMJ in 1988. The journal is published by the BMJ Group, a wholly owned subsidiary of the British Medical Association. The editor in chief of BMJ is Fiona Godlee, who was appointed in February 2005.^[2]

History[link]

The journal began publishing on 3 October 1840 as the Provincial Medical and Surgical Journal and quickly attracted the attention of physicians around the world through its publication of high-impact original research articles and unique case reports.^[3] The BMJ's first editors were P. Hennis Green, lecturer on the diseases of children at the Hunterian School of Medicine, who also was its founder and Robert Streeten of Worcester, a member of the PMSA council.

The first issue of the British Medical Journal was 16 pages long and contained three simple woodcut illustrations. The longest items were the editors' introductory editorial and a report of the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association's Eastern Branch. Other pages included a condensed version of Henry Warburton's medical reform bill, book reviews, clinical papers, and case notes. There were 2 ¹⁄₂ columns of advertisements. Inclusive of stamp duty it cost 7d, a price which remained until 1844. In their main article, Green and Streeten noted that they had "received as many advertisements (in proportion to the quantity of letter press) for our first number, as the most popular Medical Journal, (The Lancet) after seventeen years of existence."^[3]

In their introductory editorial and later statements, Green and Streeten defined "the main objects of promotion of which the Provincial Medical and Surgical Journal is established". Summarised, there were two clear main objectives: the advancement of the profession, especially in the provinces and the dissemination of medical knowledge. Green and Streeten also expressed interest in promoting public well-being as well as maintaining 'medical practitioners, as a class in that rank of society which, by their intellectual acquirements, by their general moral character, and by the importance of the duties entrusted to them, they are justly entitled to hold'.^[3]

The BMJ published the first centrally randomised controlled trial.^[4] The journal also carried the seminal papers on the causal effects of smoking on health^[5][6] and lung cancer and other causes of death in relation to smoking.^[7]

For a long time, the journal's sole competitor was The Lancet, also based in the UK, but with increasing globalisation, BMJ has faced tough competition from other medical journals, particularly The New England Journal of Medicine and the Journal of the American Medical Association.^[8]

Journal content[link]

BMJ is an advocate of evidence-based medicine. It publishes research as well as clinical reviews, recent medical advances, editorial perspectives, among others.

The journal releases a number of "theme issues" every year, when it publishes research and review articles pertaining to the theme addressed. Some of the popular theme issues in recent^[when?] years include "Health in Africa", "Management of Chronic Diseases", and "Global Voices on the AIDS Catastrophe". A special "Christmas Edition" published annually on the Friday before Christmas is known for spoof or humorous articles^[9][10] (though mainstream media often fall for the joke).^[9][11]

Editions[link]

BMJ has four paper editions (which have the same content but different advertising):

• General Practice edition for general practitioners
• Clinical Research edition for hospital doctors
• International edition for overseas subscribers
• Compact Edition for retired members of the British Medical Association

There is also a monthly Student BMJ with content tailored towards medical students and junior doctors. Some of the international editions are also available in local languages. BMJ's global clinical online community is doc2doc.

Functioning of the journal[link]

BMJ has an open peer review system, wherein authors are told who reviewed their manuscript. About half the original articles are rejected after review in-house.^[12] Manuscripts chosen for peer review are first reviewed by external experts, who comment on the importance and suitability for publication, before the final decision on a manuscript is made by the editorial ("hanging") committee. The acceptance rate is less than 7% for original research articles.^{[citation needed]}

Indexing and citations[link]

BMJ is included in the major indexes PubMed, MEDLINE, EBSCO, and the Science Citation Index. The most recent impact factor of the journal was 13.66 in 2009,^[13] ranking it fifth in the category "general and internal medical journals". The journal has long criticized the misuse of the impact factor to award grants and recruit researchers by academic institutions.^[14]

The five journals that as of 2008^[update] have cited BMJ most often are (in order of descending citation frequency) BMJ, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, The Lancet, BMC Public Health, and BMC Health Services Research.^[15]

As of 2008^[update], the five journals that have been cited most frequently by articles published in BMJ are BMJ, The Lancet, The New England Journal of Medicine, Journal of the American Medical Association and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.^[15]

Most cited articles[link]

According to the Web of Science,^[15] the following articles have been cited the most often:

1. Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH (2000). "Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey". British Medical Journal 320 (7244): 1240–1243. DOI:10.1136/bmj.320.7244.1240. PMC 27365. PMID 10797032. http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/abridged/320/7244/1240. 
2. Baigent C, Sudlow C, Collins R, Peto R (2002). "Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients". British Medical Journal 324 (7329): 71–86. DOI:10.1136/bmj.324.7329.71. PMC 64503. PMID 11786451. http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/324/7329/71. 
3. Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HAW, Matthews DR, Manley SE, Cull CA, Hadden D, Turner RC, Holman RR (2000). "Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study". British Medical Journal 321 (7258): 405–412. DOI:10.1136/bmj.321.7258.405. PMC 27454. PMID 10938048. http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/321/7258/405. 

BMJ website and access policies[link]

BMJ went fully online in 1995 and has archived all its issues on the web. In addition to the print content, supporting material for original research articles, additional news stories, and electronic letters to the editors are its principal attractions. The BMJ website has the policy of publishing most e-letters to the journal, called Rapid Responses,^[16] and is shaped like a fully moderated Internet forum. However, concerns remain, even among the web editors of the journal, that this feature may be abused by correspondents who might not want to contribute anything substantial to the topic under discussion.^[17]

From 1999, all content of BMJ was freely available online; however, in 2006 this changed to a subscription model. Original research articles continue to be available freely, but from January 2006, all other 'added value' contents, including clinical reviews and editorials, require a subscription. Access restrictions are lifted a year after publication. BMJ allows complete free access for visitors from economically disadvantaged countries as part of the HINARI initiative.

On October 14, 2008, BMJ announced it would become an open access journal. This only refers to their research articles. To view other articles, a subscription is required.^[1]

Other services[link]

BMJ has a weekly online newsletter available called "What's New Online" which summarises activity on BMJ.com and is available to anyone who registers on the website bmj.com.

BMJ iPad app[link]

In January 2011, the BMJ launched an iPad app version of the journal. The app combines the weekly BMJ print journal selection of research, comment, and education, along with feeds of news, blogs, podcasts, and videos to appear on bmj.com.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Online archive
• Doc2Doc
• Alerts

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (March 2010)

Jerry Murphy (born 23 September 1959 in Stepney, London) is a retired footballer, who played as a midfielder for the Republic of Ireland, winning three caps.

Murphy started out with Terry Venables' Crystal Palace, spending nine years at Selhurst Park during which time he won the FA Youth Cup two years in a row as part of the famous "Team of the Eighties". The club were then promoted to the First Division in Murphy's first full season in the side, but were relegated after two seasons in the top flight but Murphy stayed, winning the "Player of the Year" award in 1983.

He moved back to the top flight again, joining Chelsea on a free transfer in the summer of 1985, but his time at Stamford Bridge was plagued by lack of form and injury problems. In three seasons he made only 34 league appearances and was released upon the club's relegation in 1988, joining non-league side Fisher Athletic to finish his career.

References[link]

• Jerry Murphy, Post War English & Scottish Football League A - Z Player's Database
• Profile from Crystal Palace website

This biographical article relating to Republic of Ireland association football is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Brian Deer
Brian Deer at a Westminster Skeptics meeting
Nationality	British
Education	University of Warwick
Occupation	Investigative journalist
Notable credit(s)	Investigative reporting on medical issues and the pharmaceutical industry
Website
http://briandeer.com

Brian Deer is a British investigative reporter, best known for inquiries into the drug industry, medicine and social issues for the Sunday Times of London.

Career[link]

After graduating in philosophy from the University of Warwick, he became editor and press officer for the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, and was a member of The Leveller magazine collective. Subsequently he joined The Times, then The Sunday Times, first as a business news subeditor and then as a staff news reporter and feature writer.^[1] In the 1980s, under Sunday Times editor Andrew Neil, he was the UK's first social affairs correspondent,^[2] and between 1990 and 1992 reported from the United States.

Investigations[link]

One of Deer's early investigations caused uproar in the drug industry when in 1986 he revealed that research into the safety of the contraceptive pill was fabricated at Deakin University, Australia, by scientist Professor Michael Briggs, employed by the German company Schering AG.^[3] In 1994, his investigation of The Wellcome Trust led to the withdrawal in the UK of a blockbuster antibiotic, Septrin, Bactrim, and the sale of the trust's pharmaceutical subsidiary Wellcome Foundation.^[4] In 2005, the withdrawal of the Merck painkiller Vioxx was followed by an investigation by Deer into the British medical chiefs^{[clarification needed – what does this opaque term denote?]} behind the drug's introduction.^[5] In 2008, a celebrity psychiatrist, Raj Persaud, was suspended from practising medicine and resigned his academic position after being found guilty of plagiarism following a Deer investigation.^[6][7]

MMR vaccine controversy[link]

In a series of reports^[8] between 2004^[9] and 2010,^[10] Deer investigated concerns over the MMR vaccine, their publication in The Lancet medical journal in February 1998, and their chief proponent Andrew Wakefield. Deer's investigation^[11] led to the longest-ever inquiry^[12] by the UK General Medical Council. In January 2010, the GMC judged Wakefield to be "dishonest", "unethical" and "callous",^[13] and on 24 May 2010, he was struck off the UK medical register. Responding to Deer's findings, The Lancet partially retracted Wakefield's research in February 2004,^[14] and fully retracted it in February 2010 following the GMC findings.^[15][16] In 2011, Deer published his findings in the BMJ^[17] with an endorsement by the editors.^[18]

Deer's television documentary: "MMR: What they didn't tell you",^[19] a one-hour Dispatches documentary for Channel 4, first broadcast 18 November 2004, became the core subject of a libel case. Wakefield, who initiated the case, eventually dropped it, becoming liable for the costs incurred by Deer and the other defendants.^[20] Deer's documentary "The drug trial that went wrong",^[21] nominated for a Royal Television Society journalism award, investigated the experimental monoclonal antibody TGN1412.

Honours[link]

Working for The Times and The Sunday Times Deer received several awards, including a British Press Award for his investigations.^[1]

Deer was the 2009 Susan B Meister lecturer in child health policy at the University of Michigan.^[22]

In February 2011, he was nominated for two further British Press Awards, in the categories of news reporter of the year and specialist journalist of the year, the latter of which he won on 5 April 2011.^[23][24][25]

In October 2011, Deer won the annual HealthWatch award, previously awarded to Sir Iain Chalmers, Professor David Colquhoun, and other prominent British medical campaigners.^[26]

References[link]

External links[link]

• briandeer.com - Deer's personal website
• Radio interview with Brian Deer on the MMR vaccine controversy from CBC Radio's The Sunday Edition