Sam Bass
Photograph of Sam Bass
Born	(1851-07-21)July 21, 1851 Mitchell, Indiana, U.S.A.
Died	July 21, 1878(1878-07-21) (aged 27) Round Rock, Texas, U.S.A.
Occupation	Armed robbery

Sam Bass (July 21, 1851 – July 21, 1878) was a nineteenth-century American train robber and outlaw.

Early life[link]

Bass was orphaned at the age of 10. For the next five years, he and his siblings lived with an abusive uncle.^{[citation needed]} In 1869, he set out on his own and spent the next year in Mississippi. In 1871, he moved to Denton in north Texas.

Outlaw years[link]

After failing at a series of legitimate enterprises, Bass turned to crime. He formed a gang and robbed the Union Pacific gold train from San Francisco. Bass and his men intercepted the train on September 18, 1877 at Big Spring, Nebraska, looting $60,000 ^[1] - to this day the largest single robbery of the Union Pacific.^{[citation needed]}

Bass and his gang staged a string of robberies, yet never netted over $500 at any one time.^{[citation needed]} In 1878, the gang held up two stagecoaches and four trains within twenty-five miles of Dallas and became the object of a manhunt by Pinkerton agents and by a special company of the Texas Rangers headed by Captain Junius Peak.

Stand-in tombstone at the grave of Sam Bass

Sam Bass Road sign off Interstate 35 in Round Rock, Texas

Bass was able to elude the Rangers until a member of his gang, Jim Murphy, turned informant. John B. Jones was informed of Bass's movements, and set up an ambush at Round Rock, Texas, where Bass planned to rob the Williamson County Bank.

On 19 July 1878, Bass and his gang were scouting the area before the robbery. When they bought some tobacco at a store, they were noticed by Deputy Sheriff A. W. Grimes. When Grimes approached the men to request that they surrender their sidearms, he was shot and killed.^[2] As he attempted to flee, Bass was shot by Ranger George Herold and then by Texas Ranger sergeant Richard Ware. Near Ware, were Soapy Smith and his cousin Edwin who witnessed Ware's shot. Soapy exclaimed, "I think you got him."^[3] He was found lying in a pasture by a group of railroad workers, who summoned the authorities.^{[citation needed]} He was taken into custody and died the next day, his 27th birthday. Bass was buried in Round Rock, and today, his grave is marked with a replacement headstone, the original having suffered at the hands of souvenir collectors over the years. What remains of the original stone is on display at the Round Rock Public Library.

Legacy[link]

As with many figures of the American Old West, Bass captured the public's imagination.^{[citation needed]} In 1936, the radio drama "Death Valley Days" portrayed Bass's last days before his death in Round Rock, Texas.^[4] In the 1949 Western, "Calamity Jane and Sam Bass", Bass is portrayed by Howard Duff. In 1954, Bass was portrayed by Don Haggerty in an episode of the syndicated western television series Stories of the Century. Haggerty was forty when he played the doomed 27-year-old Bass. Bass was thereafter portrayed by Jack Chaplain in an 1961 episode of The Outlaws. In the fictional 1951 film The Texas Rangers, Bass heads a gang composed of The Sundance Kid, John Wesley Hardin, Butch Cassidy and Dave Rudabaugh, then squares off against two convicts recruited by John B. Jones to bring them to justice. He died in Round Rock.

See also[link]

• Texas Rangers
• American Old West
• Western movie
• Union Pacific Train Robbery

References[link]

• Rick Miller. Sam Bass & Gang, State House Press, 1999,

External links[link]

• The Story of Sam Bass
• Sam Bass from the Handbook of Texas Online
• Frontier Times - Outlaws: Sam Bass
• Life and Adventures of Sam Bass, The Notorious Union Pacific and Texas Train Robber: together with A Graphic Account of His Capture and Death, published 1878.
• The City of Allen's Video - The Great Allen Train Robbery- Story about the infamous first train robbery in Texas.

Jerry Lawler
Lawler at the New York Comic Con in Manhattan, October 9, 2010.
Ring name(s)	Jerry Lawler Jerry "The King" Lawler
Billed height	6 ft 0 in (1.83 m)[1]
Billed weight	243 lb (110 kg)[1]
Born	(1949-11-29) November 29, 1949 (age 62) Memphis, Tennessee[2]
Resides	Memphis, Tennessee
Billed from	Memphis, Tennessee[3]
Trained by	Jackie Fargo[4]
Debut	1970[2]

Jerry O'Neil Lawler (born November 29, 1949) is an American semi-retired professional wrestler, wrestling commentator, musician, businessman, commercial artist and film actor, known throughout the wrestling world as Jerry "The King" Lawler. He is currently signed to WWE, working on its Raw brand as the color commentator and occasional wrestler. He also wrestles and occasionally commentates for the Memphis Wrestling promotion.

Lawler has held 168 championships throughout his career. Overall, Lawler has held more championships than any other current WWE performer, though he has never won any WWE championships since joining the company.

Professional wrestling career[link]

Early career (1970-1992)[link]

While working in Memphis, Tennessee as a disc jockey, Lawler's artistic ability attracted the attention of local wrestling promoter Aubrey Griffith.^[2] The two made an agreement in which Lawler would give Griffith free publicity in exchange for free wrestling training.^[2] Lawler debuted as a wrestler in 1970 and won his first championship in September 1971 by winning a battle royal.^[2] He soon won the NWA Southern Tag Team Championship under the managerial service of Sam Bass with partner Jim White.^[2] In 1974, Lawler began feuding with Jackie Fargo, who had been his trainer and mentor. This led to a match for the NWA Southern Heavyweight Championship. On July 24, 1974, Lawler was booked to win the belt and the title of "King of Wrestling."^[2][4] While Lawler began his career as a heel, he became a face after splitting from Bass at the end of 1974.^[2] On November 12, 1979, while working in the Continental Wrestling Association (CWA), Lawler defeated Billy Graham to become the CWA World Champion.^[2] In 1980, his career was put on hold due to a broken leg, but he returned to the ring after several months.^[2]

In 1982, Lawler began a notorious feud with comedian Andy Kaufman.^[2] At the time, Kaufman wrestled women as part of his skits and had declared himself the Intergender Heavyweight Champion.^[2] On April 5, Lawler, who had taken exception to the skits, wrestled Kaufman in Memphis.^[2] During the course of the match, Lawler delivered two piledrivers to his opponent, sending him to the hospital.^[2] On July 29, Lawler slapped Kaufman in the face on an episode of Late Night with David Letterman.^[2][5] Kaufman responded by throwing his coffee on Lawler.^[2]

Years later, Lawler appeared as himself in the Kaufman biopic Man on the Moon; the movie revealed that Lawler's feud with Kaufman had been kayfabe (staged). Lawler later claimed that not only was his entire feud with Kaufman staged, but the two were actually very good friends.^{[citation needed]}

On March 7, 1983, Lawler won the AWA International Championship by defeating Austin Idol.^[2] He defeated Ken Patera on July 25 to begin his second reign as the International Champion.^[2] Lawler became the NWA Mid America Champion on April 12, 1984 when he was booked to defeat Randy Savage for the title.^[2] In 1985, Lawler traveled to Japan, where he won the Polynesian Pacific title on January 25, 1986.^[2] He later returned to the United States, where he defeated Bill Dundee on July 29, 1986 to begin a new reign as the AWA International Champion.^[2] Lawler feuded with Tommy Rich, Austin Idol, and Paul E. Dangerously throughout early 1987.^[2] The animosity began after controversy over an AWA World Championship title shot involving Nick Bockwinkel.^[2] During the feud, the trio defeated Lawler in a steel cage match and cut his hair, which caused a riot in the Mid-South Coliseum.^[2]

Lawler won the AWA World Heavyweight Championship from Curt Hennig.^[2] During his reign, Lawler feuded with World Class Championship Wrestling's Champion Kerry Von Erich.^[2] He defeated Von Erich on December 15, 1988 at Superclash III to unify the two titles.^[2] Soon after, Lawler's issues with Verne Gagne led to his departure from the AWA.^[2] In 1991 and 1992, while working in the United States Wrestling Association (USWA), Lawler teamed with Jeff Jarrett in a match against The Moondogs over the USWA World Tag Team Championship.^[2]

World Wrestling Federation (1992–2001)[link]

Lawler began his WWF career in December 1992 as an announcer on WWF Superstars of Wrestling.^[2][6] From 1993 to 1995, he feuded with Bret Hart and the rest of the Hart family. The feud began at King of the Ring when Lawler interrupted Hart's victory ceremony and attacked Bret.^[2][7] Lawler claimed that he was the only true king in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), and the two were scheduled to wrestle at SummerSlam to settle the dispute. At the event, however, Lawler came to the ring on crutches and claimed that he could not wrestle because of injuries suffered in a car accident.^[8] Hart faced Lawler's "court jester", Doink the Clown instead, and beat him by submission. Lawler then attacked Hart, revealing that he was not injured.^[8] Hart defeated Lawler by submission but refused to release the Sharpshooter. As a result, the referee reversed the decision and awarded the title of "Undisputed King of the World Wrestling Federation" to Lawler.^[9]

Simultaneously, in a form of cross-promotion, Lawler engaged in a bitter feud with Vince McMahon (who at the time was never acknowledged as the actual owner of the World Wrestling Federation) back in the USWA. There Lawler played the babyface to his hometown Memphis audience, whereas McMahon (who had always played face in the WWF) was being portrayed as a smug heel intent on dethroning Lawler as the king of professional wrestling. As part of the cross-promotion, McMahon, Bret and Owen Hart, Giant González, Tatanka, and "Macho Man" Randy Savage would begin appearing on USWA television to further the feud. While the program continued in the USWA, the feud between Lawler and McMahon would not be acknowledged on WWF television.

The Hart Family (Bret, Owen, Bruce, and Keith) were scheduled to face a team captained by Lawler in an elimination match at Survivor Series. However, Shawn Michaels had to take Lawler's place because Lawler was facing legal troubles.^[2][10] As a result, the feud between Lawler and Vince McMahon back in the USWA was also abruptly discontinued. Lawler did not face Bret Hart at another pay-per-view until the first In Your House, when he beat Hart after Hakushi and his manager Shinja interfered.^[11] This set up a "Kiss My Foot" match at King of the Ring 1995, which Bret won.^[7] As a result, Lawler was forced to kiss Bret's feet. The feud took one final turn when Lawler introduced his "dentist" Isaac Yankem, D.D.S.. After Hart defeated Yankem by disqualification,^[12] however, the feud quickly disappeared.

Following the end of his legal troubles which kept him out of Survivor Series 1993, Lawler eventually returned to the WWF at WrestleMania X, which was also the first WWF pay-per-view he ever commentated at. During the main event of the night, "Rowdy" Roddy Piper served as special guest referee for the second WWF championship match. During this Lawler began making disparaging remarks about him. Lawler would continue to berate Piper on later episodes of Monday Night Raw, including bringing a skinny kid into the ring dressed as Piper and forcing him to kiss his feet. This ultimately led to a match between the two at King of the Ring 1994 which Lawler lost.

In the fall of 1994, Lawler initiated a feud with Doink the Clown. Lawler popped the balloons carried by Doink's midget sidekick, Dink.^[13] After Doink and Dink retaliated, Lawler introduced a midget sidekick of his own, who he named Queasy.^[13] In the following weeks, Doink added two more sidekicks, Wink and Pink, while Lawler introduced Sleazy and Cheesy.^[13] This led to an elimination match at Survivor Series 1994, which Lawler's team won.^[14] After the match, however, Lawler's team turned on him, joining with Doink's team to attack Lawler.^[15]

Lawler at a book signing in 2003

In late 1994 and early 1995, Lawler wrestled briefly in Smoky Mountain Wrestling (SMW) while still continuing to commentate sporadically for the WWF.^[2] During his absences, Shawn Michaels filled in for him as color commentator on Monday Night Raw. He defeated Tony Anthony for the promotion's top title in January 1995.^[2] By 1996, Lawler wrestled occasionally on WWF Superstars where he would take on jobbers while holding a microphone in the ring to, essentially, "do the commentary on (his) very own matches" while occasionally serving as the official cornerman for Isaac Yankem D.D.S. After a brief feud with the Ultimate Warrior, Lawler began feuding with Jake Roberts after making fun of Roberts' drug and alcohol problems.^[2] The two met in a match at SummerSlam 1996, which Lawler won. After the match, Lawler poured Jim Beam whiskey down Roberts' throat.^[16]

In 1997, Lawler became heavily involved in the working relationship between the WWF and Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW). In interviews and commentary, he referred to the promotion as "Extremely Crappy Wrestling".^[2] His frequent insults toward ECW eventually led to the promotion "invading" Monday Night Raw in February 1997 and ultimately to a match with ECW wrestler Tommy Dreamer at ECW's Hardcore Heaven pay-per-view in August, which Dreamer won.^[17]

In mid-1997, Lawler entered the King of the Ring tournament for the first time and advanced to the semi-final round where he was defeated by Mankind. By the fall, the WWF introduced a new "light-heavyweight division" to compete with World Championship Wrestling's cruiserweight division. Lawler's son, Brian Christopher, was one of the major superstars in the division, although the WWF played up an angle where both Lawler and Christopher would deny their family relationship, even though the two would aide each other in matches and so on.

By 1998, Lawler rarely wrestled in the WWF and focused on commentary. Despite their feud in the USWA in 1993, by 1998, Vince McMahon had turned heel in the WWF for the first time and left the announce position, to which Lawler began praising McMahon's name on commentary as part of his own heel persona, much to the chagrin of Jim Ross. It was McMahon's departure from the commentary team which led to the strong on-screen chemistry between Lawler and Ross in subsequent years. This played a key role in a change of Lawler's character; although he still supported the heels, he showed a sense of right and wrong, and would condemn actions of heels when they went too far. This began when Lawler surprisingly attacked Tazz when he started bullying Ross. At SummerSlam, The King wrestled Tazz in defense of Ross.^[2] With the creation of the XFL in 2001, Lawler was given the job as an announcer for the new football league.^[18] Lawler claims that he never wanted to announce for the XFL, but that he agreed to it after McMahon and Kevin Dunn asked him.^[18]

In February 2001, Lawler's then-wife Stacy "The Kat" Carter was released by the WWF, and Lawler quit the company in protest.^[18][19] In his account, there was no clear notice as to why she was fired; when Jim Ross broke the news to him, he stated that the Creative Team simply said that Stacy had "an attitude problem."

Independent circuit (2001)[link]

During his absence from the WWF, Lawler made appearances on the independent circuit in both Australia and North America,^[2][20] as well as joining the fledgling Xcitement Wrestling Federation promotion alongside WCW veteran Tony Schiavone as a color commentator.^[2]

Memphis Wrestling (2007)[link]

In 2007 it was announced that Lawler would be participating in a 'dream match' with Hulk Hogan which had been set to take place in the Memphis Wrestling promotion on April 27. The match had been heavily-hyped by promoter Corey Maclin as Hogan had competed in the Memphis territory early in his career.^[21] On April 12, however, Lawler pulled out of the event citing his contractual obligations to WWE rendering him unable to appear on a show that was due to be filmed by VH1 for the television show Hogan Knows Best.^[22] On January 11, 2008, Maclin revealed that he filed a lawsuit against WWE, claiming that pressure on Lawler (and others) to withdraw from the event violated section two of the Sherman Antitrust Act.^[23]

Jerry Lawler's Memphis Wrestling (2010)[link]

In May 2010, Jerry announced a new TV wrestling show called, "Jerry Lawler's Memphis Wrestling." The show is set to debut on Ion Network Channel 50 in Memphis on June 5 at the classic 11AM timespot. 3 episodes were taped May 20, 2010 at the Vine in Memphis. On September 11, 2010, Jerry announced that there would no longer be any new shows, but that the talent was still available for fundraisers.

Return to World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment (2001-present)[link]

Commentator and part-time wrestler (2001–2010)[link]

Lawler and Jim Ross calling the action for WWE.

On November 19, 2001, Lawler returned to the WWF. He was reintroduced by Vince McMahon on Raw as the replacement for color commentator (and Alliance member) Paul Heyman, who had been (kayfabe) fired in the aftermath of the Alliance's loss at the previous night's Survivor Series. As he had been before his departure, Lawler once again became color commentator on Raw and pay-per-view events alongside Jim Ross and SmackDown! with Michael Cole, until the brands were separated and Lawler became exclusive to Raw. Lawler stated that his well-worked chemistry with Jim Ross has been a result of their different styles; according to Lawler, Jim Ross is a fine storyteller and keeps fans well-versed with current storylines, whereas he provides reaction and emotion to liven the commentary.^[24]

In 2003, Raw's announce team of Lawler and Jim Ross feuded with Sunday Night Heat's team of Jonathan Coachman and Al Snow.^[2] At Unforgiven, Lawler and Ross lost a match against Coachman and Snow, thus losing their right to do commentary on Raw.^[2] In a rematch, however, Ross defeated Coachman, winning Lawler and Ross their position back.^[2]

In June 2006, Extreme Championship Wrestling was re-launched and began a small invasion within WWE again. ECW and WWE went head to head for several weeks on Raw, which spanned to include the SmackDown! superstars. This created tension between the Raw and SmackDown! announce teams, as Tazz, an ECW alumnus, insulted and criticized Jim Ross until Lawler came to Ross' defense, reigniting their feud from 2000. The feud concluded when Tazz and Lawler faced each other in a match at One Night Stand, which Tazz won in only 30 seconds by making Lawler pass out to the Tazzmission after a distraction from Joey Styles, who Lawler had slapped just prior to the match.^[25]

In July 2006, Randy Orton began a feud with Hulk Hogan. Lawler attacked Orton in defense of Hogan,^[26] which set up a match between them on Raw.^[27] Orton defeated Lawler after a low blow and an RKO.^[28]

On March 31, 2007, Lawler was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by William Shatner,^[3] whom Lawler had a memorable altercation with on a January 1995 episode of Raw. In August, King Booker claimed to be the only one entitled to be known as "King".^[29] After being beaten by Booker in the ring,^[30] Lawler was supposed to be forced to crown his opponent at an August 13 show in Madison Square Garden.^[31] During the ceremony, however, Lawler announced another king as a new opponent for Booker, "The King of Kings" Triple H. This led to a worked brawl between Lawler and Booker.^[31]

On the July 7, 2008 edition of Raw, Lawler was attacked by Kane after saving Michael Cole from a similar attack, in which Kane repeatedly asked "Is he alive or is he dead?"^[32] Later that summer, he teamed with "Hacksaw" Jim Duggan to face Ted DiBiase and Cody Rhodes for the World Tag Team Championship but lost.

On the March 23, 2009 edition of Raw, Lawler challenged Chris Jericho to a match because of his disrespect and erratic behavior to WWE Hall of Famers, which Jericho accepted. The following week, Lawler lost to Jericho after submitting to the Walls of Jericho. After the match, Jericho outlined how he would remain supreme against WWE Hall of Famers at WrestleMania XXV.

On the July 20 episode of Raw, Lawler announced himself as the opponent against The Brian Kendrick. He went on to defeat Kendrick. On the November 16 edition of Raw, after recent acquisition Sheamus attacked the timekeeper in frustration for not receiving an opponent, Lawler left the announce table to confront Sheamus and check on the victim, only to receive a kick to the head for his troubles. On June 7, 2010, during a Viewer's Choice edition of Raw, Lawler lost his crown to the IRS because he had apparently not paid his taxes, but it was regained by Quinton Jackson later on. At the end of the night, Lawler was one of the many employees at ringside that were brutally attacked by the season 1 NXT rookies. Lawler however, was the only person at ringside that fought back, as he used punches and chops to attack the NXT rookies assaulting him until it was a 3-on-1 assault. The following week on Raw, Lawler and the Raw roster fought off the now-called "The Nexus" when they attempted to ambush John Cena a second time. On June 28, Lawler, Ricky Steamboat, Michael Hayes, Arn Anderson, Mike Rotunda, and Dean Malenko were severely attacked by the Nexus, just as they were celebrating Steamboat's career. Josh Mathews replaced Lawler on color commentator for the remainder of the show.

On the July 26, 2010 episode of Raw, Lawler teamed with Mark Henry, Goldust, Yoshi Tatsu, Evan Bourne and The Hart Dynasty in a tag team elimination match versus the Nexus. Lawler was eliminated by Heath Slater.

Feuds with The Miz and Michael Cole (2010–2011)[link]

Lawler making his way to the ring at WrestleMania XXVII.

On the November 29 episode of the King of the Ring special of Raw, Lawler, who was celebrating his 61st birthday, would challenge The Miz for his WWE Championship, to which Miz would decline. Miz's decision would be reversed by the anonymous Raw General Manager, who made the match the main event of the night, making it Lawler's first shot at the title, with the match type being a Tables, Ladders and Chairs match. Miz would retain his title from Lawler after interference by Alex Riley and Michael Cole.^[33]

Cole's interference would cause tension between the two. On the December 6 episode of Raw, Cole would first apologize to Lawler, only for him to take it back and demand an apology from Lawler to himself. After Lawler threatened to attack Cole, the anonymous Raw General Manager would then issue a "cease and desist" order, which barred any physicality between them and that if either of them violated the order, that individual would have their contract terminated immediately.^[34]

Lawler would then continue his feud with The Miz, where on the December 20 episode of Raw, Lawler would team with Randy Orton and John Morrison to take on Miz, Riley and Sheamus in a 6-man Tag match with Lawler picking up the win by pinning Miz.^[35] This would lead to a rematch between Miz and Lawler the following week, with Lawler once again getting the victory, this time by count-out after Morrison got involved. Later on that night, Miz would attack Lawler from behind as Lawler was sitting at the announce table.^[36] Lawler would once again team with Orton on the January 10, 2011 episode of Raw to take on Miz and Riley. Lawler was once again successful in getting the victory, this time pinning Riley.^[37] On the January 31 episode of Raw, Lawler was placed in a 7-man Raw Rumble match, where the winner would receive a WWE Championship match against The Miz at WWE Elimination Chamber. Lawler would win the match by last eliminating Sheamus.^[38] At the pay-per-view, Lawler was unsuccessful in winning the title, ending the feud.^[39]

The following night on Raw, Lawler, after having enough of Cole's attitude, which included the mocking of Lawler's mother's recent death, would challenge him to a match at WrestleMania XXVII. Cole would respond by throwing water into Lawler's face, with Lawler chasing Cole off to the backstage area.^[40] On the February 28 episode of Raw, Cole would accept Lawler's challenge to a match at WrestleMania and announce that he would be trained in the coming weeks by Jack Swagger for the upcoming match. The following week, Stone Cold Steve Austin was announced as the guest referee for the match.^[41] On the March 14 episode of Raw, Lawler was confronted by his son Brian Lawler, who was invited to Raw by Michael Cole, to "expose" his father's character. Brian, in storyline, claimed his dad was never there for him, mentioned that Lawler never mentioned that Brian was his son on commentary, boasted that he competed at WrestleMania before his father, and stated that he was ashamed of him. Brian then slapped Lawler and left. Michael Cole continued to harass Lawler, who still couldn't physically harm him, but was interrupted by a returning Jim Ross. Before JR could attack Cole, Swagger attacked Lawler from behind, and then preceeded to attack and lock in the ankle lock on JR, while Cole harassed him. Lawler tried to stop the attack, but fell victim to the ankle lock as well.^[42]

At WrestleMania, Lawler originally won the match by submission, but while he was celebrating his win with Stone Cold, the anonymous Raw General Manager would reverse the decision, due to Stone Cold physically getting involved in the match by pushing Cole, thus, making Cole the winner by disqualification. Lawler would announce on the April 11 episode of Raw that he and Jim Ross will go against Cole and Swagger at Extreme Rules in a Country Whipping match, which they were unsuccessful. Lawler challenged Cole to one last match at Over the Limit, putting his Hall of Fame ring on the line and would personally induct Cole into the Hall of Fame itself if Cole would win. Cole would decline the challenge at first, but Swagger would accept for him later on when Lawler would attack Cole and he saved him. During their contract signing, Cole announced the match would be a "Kiss My Foot" match. At the pay-per-view, Lawler would defeat Cole. After the match, Jim Ross, Eve Torres and even Bret Hart helped ensure that Cole lived up to the match's stipulations and kissed Lawler's foot (Hart, himself, had previously forced Lawler to kiss his own foot after losing a similar match sixteen years earlier at the 1995 King of the Ring). After Over the Limit, Michael Cole apologized to Lawler, but, continued his antagonistic attitude much to the chagrin of the King.

Raw commentating and occasional wrestler (2011-present)[link]

Lawler competed in the Royal Rumble (2012) main event he entered at No. 12 he eliminated Michael Cole and was eliminated by Cody Rhodes after 43 seconds^[43]. On April 30 edition of "Raw" Lawler competed in a Beat the Clock challenge to determine the No. 1 Contender for the WWE Championship match at Over the Limit (2012) he lost to Daniel Bryan who earned the spot^[44].

Other endeavors[link]

Lawler has created some musical recordings. Among these are two late-70s singles: "Cadillac Man/Memphis", and "Bad News". During his feud with manager Jimmy Hart (Lawler is a factor for "The Mouth of the South" Jimmy Hart entering professional wrestling; Lawler wanted to record a wrestling album with him singing and, since they had gone to school together, he called Hart and asked him to be a part of it) in the mid-80s, Hart became known as "The Wimp", a nickname given to him by Lawler and chanted by fans. Hart was the subject of the song "Wimpbusters", which was sung by Lawler to the tune of the popular hit Ghostbusters by Ray Parker, Jr.. A music video was also made, featuring Lawler, legendary announcer Lance Russell, and wrestlers such as Randy Savage, Jimmy Valiant, Dutch Mantel, Tommy Rich, and Rufus R. Jones, along with footage of "The King" beating Hart and his "First Family." A very young Brian Christopher also made an appearance as a young child being bullied, and another child is seen wearing a replica of Tully Blanchard's West Texas State jersey. He also recorded a CD titled "Memphis' Other King".^[45]

In 1998, Lawler appeared in the movie Man on the Moon, starring Jim Carrey.^[2] According to Lawler's autobiography, It's Good To Be The King... Sometimes, an incident involving Jim Carrey forgetting a line led to animosity between the two actors during filming. Between scenes Jim Carrey often remained in character as Andy Kaufman and at one point spit on Jerry, just as Kaufman had done in 1982. A 'stunned' Lawler reacted by grabbing Carrey by the hair and locked him in a sleeper hold and jerking his neck—supposedly sending Carrey to the hospital.

In 1999, Lawler ran for mayor of Memphis, Tennessee.^[5] His platform focused on making the streets safer for residents, beautifying the city, and improving the quality of education.^[46] In addition, he vowed to attract businesses to Memphis, improve the flow of traffic, create more parks, and decrease property taxes.^[46] Lawler ended up with 11.7% of ballots, beating twelve of the fifteen candidates.^[47] Ultimately, however, Mayor Willie Herenton was easily reelected.^[47]

In 2000, Lawler made a very brief cameo appearance in the music video of I Can't Lie To Me By Clay Davidson. In 2002, he released an autobiography titled It's Good To Be The King... Sometimes. On July 8, 2009, Lawler again ran for the position of Mayor of Memphis in a special mayoral election on October 15, 2009. He was in 5th with 4% of the vote.

Lawler is also an accomplished commercial artist, designing a lot of graphics for various companies, including WWE. In 2007, he painted the cover of the wrestling comic book, Headlocked.^[48]

Personal life[link]

Lawler has been married three times. He has three children, Brian, Kevin, and his daughter Kendall Lawler from his marriage to his first wife, Kay.^[49] His son Brian, who has previously wrestled in WWE as "Brian Christopher" and "Grandmaster Sexay," is now wrestling in independent promotions. His other son, Kevin, has dabbled in professional wrestling as both a referee and wrestler under the names "Kevin Christian" and "Freddie Gilbert," the latter of which was used during a stint as the "brother" of Eddie Gilbert.^{[citation needed]} In his book It's Good To Be The King ... Sometimes, Lawler says he believes Kevin's short physical stature has prevented him from reaching success similar to Brian.^{[citation needed]} In August 2008, Kevin was arrested on charges of trespassing and aggravated burglary.^[50] After divorcing Kay, Lawler was later married to Paula from February 14, 1982 to October 2, 1991.^[49]

He met his third wife, Stacy "The Kat" Carter, at a charity softball game in Memphis, Tennessee on July 23, 1989.^[51] They married in September 2000.^[2] In mid-February 2001, Carter (who was a valet and has also made in-ring appearances) was released by the World Wrestling Federation.^[52] Lawler then left the company in protest.^[52] Carter decided to leave Lawler in July, 2001 and they separated shortly before Lawler rejoined the WWF in November, 2001.^[20] Their divorce was finalized on October 15, 2003.^[53]

Lawler is the cousin of professional wrestler The Honky Tonk Man.^[54]

In 1993, Lawler was indicted for raping and sodomizing a 15-year old girl, which caused him to miss Survivor Series 1993.^[55] The charges were later dropped, after the girl admitted she fabricated some of the story. Lawler was arrested on March 16, 1999 after throwing a ticket at a police officer and running over the officer's foot.^[56]

Though he has spent most of his life in Memphis, Lawler did spend a part of his childhood in Ohio after his father was transferred to a job in the state.^{[citation needed]} Though this stay was brief, it would have an influence on Lawler throughout his life thereafter. He often cites Cleveland as his second-favorite city behind only Memphis and is a die-hard fan of both the Cleveland Indians and the Cleveland Browns. When WWE comes to Cleveland, Lawler will usually wear a Browns jersey or an Indians jersey, and during baseball season, he will throw out the first pitch at an Indians game.^{[citation needed]}

Lawler is a collector of Coca-Cola merchandise^[57] On February 12, 2011, Lawler's mother died following a long battle with cancer.

Lawler has provided his voice for numerous WWE Video Games in which he has appeared as a commentator. He is also a playable character in a number of WWE Games, most recently WWE All Stars and WWE 12.

In wrestling[link]

• Finishing moves
  • Diving fist drop from the second rope, with theatrics^[1]
  • Fireball^[17]
  • Piledriver^[1][3]

• Signature moves
  • Belly-to-back suplex^[17]
  • Brainbuster
  • DDT
  • Dropkick
  • Elbow drop^[17]
  • Knee drop
  • Multiple punches^[17]
  • Various weapon shots^[17]

• Managers
  • Sam Bass^[2][58]
  • Scott Bowden^[58]
  • Ronnie P. Gossett^[58]
  • Gary Hart^[59]
  • Jimmy Hart^[58][60]
  • Jimmy Kent^[58]
  • Mickey Pool

• Entrance Theme Music
  • The Great Gate At Kiev by Modest Mussorgsky (WWE, 1993-2011; 2012-Present)
  • Kingdom Come by Jim Johnston (WWE, 2011)

Championships and accomplishments[link]

¹These title changes took place during an AWA hosted card as part of an interpromotional relationship between the American Wrestling Association, World Class Wrestling Association, and Continental Wrestling Association. Lawler also won the championship during a CWA hosted card.
²Lawler won the championship while wrestling on a CWA card in Memphis, Tennessee during the time when the AWA and CWA had a working partnership. It was the same situation during both of Lawler and Dundee's AWA World Tag Team Championship reigns.

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Lawler, Jerry (2002). It's Good to Be the King...Sometimes. World Wrestling Entertainment. ISBN 978-0-7434-5768-2. 

External links[link]

Professional wrestling portal

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jerry Lawler

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Jerry Lawler

• KingJerryLawler.com (Official Website)
• WWE Profile
• Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame Profile
• Memphis Wrestling History
• Match History at Indy Wrestling News
• Jerry Lawler at the Internet Movie Database

This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (February 2008)

Aloysius Martin "Lou" Thesz^[2] (Born Lajos Tiza^[3] April 24, 1916 - April 28, 2002) was an American professional wrestler and 6-time^[4] world champion, most notably holding the NWA World Heavyweight Championship three times. Combined, he held the NWA Championship for 10 years, three months and nine days (3,749 days total), longer than anyone else in history. Among his many accomplishments, he is credited with inventing a number of professional wrestling techniques such as the belly to back waistlock suplex (later known as the German suplex due to its association with Karl Gotch), the Lou Thesz press, STF and the original powerbomb.

He is generally considered to be among the greatest professional wrestlers of the 20th century.

Wrestling career[link]

Born in Banat, Michigan, Thesz's family moved to St. Louis when he was a young boy.^[2] His working-class immigrant parents hailed from the former Austro-Hungarian Empire. Beginning in Thesz's early youth, his father personally gave him a tough and thorough education in Greco-Roman wrestling, which provided the fundamentals for his later success. While in high school he was a successful freestyle wrestling competitor on his school team; as he recalled many years later, he and a friend once "worked" a dramatic match against each other at a tournament, and were amused when nobody could see how much they were faking. As a teenager, he also trained in amateur wrestling with legendary wrestler Ad Santel. Thesz made his professional wrestling debut in 1932, at the age of 16. He soon met Ed "Strangler" Lewis, the biggest wrestling star of the 1920s, who taught a young Lou the art of "hooking" (the ability to stretch your opponent with painful holds). The two formed a lasting friendship. By 1937, Thesz had become one of the biggest stars in the St. Louis territory, and on December 29 he defeated Everett Marshall for the National Wrestling Association World Heavyweight Title, the first of many World Heavyweight Championships. Thesz became the youngest World Heavyweight Champion in history, at the age of 21.^[1] Thesz dropped the title to Steve "Crusher" Casey in Boston six weeks later. He won the title again in 1939, once again defeating Marshall, and again in 1948, defeating Bill Longson.

In 1948, the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) was formed, the purpose being to create one World Champion for all the various wrestling territories throughout North America. Orville Brown, the reigning Midwest World Heavyweight Title holder, was named the first champion. Thesz, at the time, was head of a promotional combine that included fellow wrestling champions Longson, Bobby Managoff, Canadian promoter Frank Tunney and Eddie Quinn, who promoted in the St. Louis territory where NWA promoter Sam Muchnick was running opposition. Quinn and Muchnick ended their promotional war, and Thesz' promotion was absorbed into the NWA. Part of the deal was a title unification match between Brown and Thesz, who held the National Wrestling Association's World Title. Unfortunately, just weeks before the scheduled bout, Brown was involved in an automobile accident that ended his career. He was forced to vacate the championship and the NWA awarded the title to the #1 contender, Thesz. Thesz was chosen for his skill as a "hooker" to prevent double crosses by would-be shooters who would deviate from the planned finish for personal glory.

Between 1949 and 1956, Thesz set out to unify all the existing World Titles into the NWA World Heavyweight Championship. In 1952 he defeated Baron Michele Leone in Los Angeles for the California World Heavyweight title and became the first undisputed World Heavyweight Wrestling Champion since the days of Frank Gotch and Georg Hackenschmidt. Thesz finally dropped the Title to Whipper Billy Watson in 1956, and took several months off to recuperate from an ankle injury. He regained the title from Watson seven months later.

1957 was an important year for Thesz; on June 14, the first taint to Thesz' claim of undisputed Champion occurred in a match with gymnast-turned-wrestling star, Edouard Carpentier. The match was tied at two falls apiece when Thesz claimed a back injury and forfeit the last fall. Carpentier was declared the winner, but the NWA chose not to recognize the title change, deciding a championship could not change hands due to injury. Despite the NWA's decision, there were some promotions who continued to recognize Carpentier's claim to the World Heavyweight title. That same year, Thesz became the first wrestler to defend the NWA World Heavyweight Championship in Japan, wrestling Rikidōzan in a series of 60 minute draws. Their bouts popularized pro wrestling in Japan, gaining the sport mainstream acceptance. Realizing he could make more money in the land of the rising sun, Thesz petitioned to the NWA promoters to regularly defend the belt in Japan. His request was turned down, and Thesz asked to drop the title to his own hand picked champion, Dick Hutton, rather than Thesz's real-life rival and the more popular choice, Buddy Rogers. Thesz would embark on a tour of Europe and Japan, billing himself as the NWA International Champion; this title is still recognized as a part of All Japan Pro Wrestling's Triple Crown Championship.

In 1963, Thesz came out of semi-retirement to win his sixth World Heavyweight Championship from Buddy Rogers at the age of 46. Legend has it that Rogers was having second thoughts about dropping the title, and Thesz responded by saying, "we could do this the easy way or the hard way". He would hold the title until 1966 when, at the age of 49, he was dethroned by Gene Kiniski.

Thesz wrestled on a part-time basis over the next 13 years, winning his last major Title in 1978, in Mexico, becoming the inaugural Universal Wrestling Alliance Heavyweight Champion at the age of 62, before dropping the championship to El Canek a year later. Thesz officially retired in 1979, after a match with Luke Graham. He remained retired for the most part, before wrestling his last match on December 26, 1990 in Hamamatsu, Japan at the age of 74, against his protégé, Masahiro Chono.^[1] This made him the only male wrestler to wrestle in seven different decades.^[1]

Post-wrestling career[link]

After retiring, Thesz became a promoter, manager, color commentator, trainer and occasionally, a referee for important matches. Some famous matches he refereed include:

• Antonio Inoki vs. Tatsumi Fujinami at Tokyo Gym, 09/19/85
• Big Van Vader vs. Shinya Hashimoto in the IWGP Championship Tournament Finals at Tokyo Dome, 4/24/89,
• Ric Flair vs. Dusty Rhodes for the NWA Heavyweight Championship, 9/17/81 ^[5]

Thesz became the president of the Cauliflower Alley Club in 1992, an organization for retired pro wrestlers; a position he held until 2000. He became a trainer for the Union of Wrestling Force International, and lent the promotion one of his old NWA Title belts, which they recognized as their own World Title. As an announcer, Thesz was the color commentator for International World Class Championship Wrestling's weekly television show. In 1999, his name was given to the Lou Thesz/George Tragos Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame for professional wrestling stars with a successful amateur background at the International Wrestling Institute & Museum in Waterloo, Iowa, where he was an inaugural inductee. Thesz was honored by a ceremony at WWF's Badd Blood 1997^[1] as being both the youngest and oldest World Heavyweight Champion at ages 21 and 50, respectively (technically, Verne Gagne holds the record for oldest champ, when he held the AWA Championship in 1980 at age 54).

Thesz wrote an autobiography, Hooker. He underwent a triple bypass surgery for an aortic valve replacement on April 9, 2002, but died due to complications on April 28, 2002 in Orlando, Florida.^[6]

Personal life[link]

Thesz was married three times. His first marriage to Evelyn Katherine Ernst in March 22, 1937.^[7] Thesz was convalescing from a severe knee injury suffered in 1939 and from 1941 to 1944 and worked as a dog breeder and trainer for Dogs for Defense and later as a supervisor for the Todd Houston Shipyard.^[7] He divorced his first wife in 1944 and at the shipyard, Thesz met his second wife, Fredda Huddleston Winter with whom he fathered three children, Jeff Thesz, Robert Thesz and Patrick Thesz.^[7] Thesz was drafted into the army in 1944 despite a legitimate injury to his knee and multiple medical deferments. He was placed into medic training and eventually teaching hand to hand combat defense for medics and was discharged in 1946.^[7] Thesz's 2nd marriage came to an end in 1975.^[7] He married Charlie Catherine Thesz and remained with her for the rest of his life.

In wrestling[link]

• Finishing moves
  • Bridging belly to back suplex
  • STF – innovated

• Signature moves
  • Backbreaker submission
  • Belly to back waist-lock suplex – innovated
  • Double wrist-lock
  • Headlock
  • Lou Thesz Press^[8] – innovated
  • Powerbomb – innovated

Championships and accomplishments[link]

• American Wrestling Association

• AWA World Heavyweight Championship (Boston version) (1 time)
• AWA World Heavyweight Championship (Ohio version) (1 time)

• Cauliflower Alley Club

• Iron Mike Mazurki Award (1998)

• International Wrestling Enterprise

• TWWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

• International Wrestling Institute and Museum

• George Tragos/Lou Thesz Hall of Fame (1999)

• Japan Wrestling Association

• NWA International Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

• Montreal Athletic Commission

• World Heavyweight Championship (Montreal version) (4 times)

• National Wrestling Alliance

• NWA World Heavyweight Championship (4 times)¹
• NWA Hall of Fame (Class of 2005)

• NWA All-Star Wrestling

• NWA Pacific Coast Tag Team Championship (Vancouver version) (1 time) – with The Outlaw

• NWA Mid-America

• NWA Southern Junior Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
• NWA Southern Tag Team Championship (Mid-America version) (1 time) – with Jackie Fargo

• National Wrestling Association

• NWA World Heavyweight Championship (3 times)²

• Pro Wrestling Illustrated
  • PWI Stanley Weston Award (1982)

• Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame

• Pioneer Era (Class of 2002)

• Southwest Sports, Inc.

• Texas Heavyweight Championship (3 times)³

• Stampede Wrestling

• Stampede Wrestling Hall of Fame^[9]

• St. Louis Wrestling Club

• NWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

• St. Louis Wrestling Hall Of Fame

• Class of 2007

• Universal Wrestling Association

• UWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

• World Championship Wrestling

• WCW Hall of Fame (Class of 1993)

• World Wrestling Association (Los Angeles)

• WWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

• Wrestling Observer Newsletter

• Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 1996)

• Other titles

• World Heavyweight Championship (original version) (2 times)⁴
• World Heavyweight Championship (Los Angeles) (1 time)

Notes[link]

¹Records are unclear as to where Thesz first won the NWA World Heavyweight Championship and which promotion he was wrestling in when he won it. ^[10]
2The World Heavyweight Championship of the National Wrestling Association is not the same championship nor does it have any connection to the world championship recognized and used by the National Wrestling Alliance.
³Thesz reigns with the title occurred prior to the NWA assuming control of it. In fact, he won the title before the NWA was created.
⁴Thesz also has two reigns with the title before the formation of the NWA and the title being renamed the NWA World Heavyweight Championship.

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Dave Meltzer & John F. Molinaro (2002). Top 100 Pro Wrestlers of all Time. Winding Stair Press. ISBN 1-55366-305-5. 

External links[link]

• Lou Thesz forum
• Lou Thesz Profile - Online World of Wrestling
• Lou Thesz on IMDB.com
• Puroresu.com: Lou Thesz

Rick Gibson
250px Gibson in 1989 with the contraption he planned on using to crush Sniffy the rat
Born	1951 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Nationality	Canada
Field	Holography, Sculpture, Performance Art, Anaglyphs, Lenticulars
Works	Foetus Ear-rings, Cannibalism, Sniffy the Rat
Website	http://www.rickgibson.net

Rick Gibson (born 1951) is a Canadian sculptor and artist. He was born in Montreal, Quebec and he studied Psychology at the University of Victoria. Between 1973 and 1974 he drew weekly comics for the student newspaper.^[1] After completing his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1974 he moved to Vancouver, Canada. He lived in London, England from 1983 to 1989. He received a Master of Science degree in Interactive Art and Technology ^[2] from SIAT^{[disambiguation needed ]} in 2004.

3D Holograms[link]

In 1976, he became the holography assistant for the American new media artist Al Razutis.^[3] In 1978 he received Canadian government funding to build his own holography studio and study holographic special effects. He exhibited the results of this work in Vancouver at the Helen Pitt Gallery in June 1978 and again in Victoria at the Open Space Gallery in June 1979.^[4]

Freeze-Dried Sculpture[link]

In an attempt to solve a holographic problem, he experimented with freeze-drying techniques. He produced a series of sculptures that explored the ethics of using legally embalmed animals and humans as art supplies. These sculptures were first exhibited at the Unit/Pitt Gallery in Vancouver, Canada in 1981.^{[5][6][7][8] [9][10][11]} The same works were later shown in November 1984 at the Cuts Gallery in London, England.^[12][13]

Foetus Earrings[link]

During the 1984 exhibition of freeze-dried sculptures in London, England, he was given two dehydrated human fetuses from an anatomy professor. They were 10 weeks in development and had been dehydrated for 20 years. Gibson re-hydrated both foetuses, freeze-dried them and attached them as earrings to a female mannequin head. The sculpture was titled Human Earrings. They were exhibited at the Young Unknowns Gallery in south London in December 1987. On Thursday, 3 December 1987, the sculpture was seized by the Metropolitan Police Service.^{[14][15][16][17]} Because of this incident, Gibson was expelled from Goldsmiths College on 21 December 1987, where he was studying post-graduate art, design and technology.^[18][19][20] On Monday, 11 April 1988, Gibson and the gallery owner, Peter Sylveire, were formally charged with the common law offences of exhibiting a public nuisance and outraging public decency.^[21][22]

The trial started on Monday, 30 January 1989 at the Old Bailey in central London. The judge was Brian Smedley, Michael Worsley was the prosecuting barrister, and Geoffrey Robertson and Francis Irwin were the defense barristers.^{[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]} On 6 February 1989, the charge of public nuisance was dismissed.^[31] On Tuesday, 9 February 1989, the jury of 10 women and 2 men^[32][33] found Gibson and Sylveire guilty of outraging public decency. Gibson was fined £500 and Sylveire was fined £300.^{[34][35][36][37][38]}

Immediately following the verdict, an appeal application was filed.^[39][40] However, on 10 July 1990, the Court of Appeal dismissed the case and upheld the earlier conviction.^{[41][42][43][44]}

There was considerable media commentary about this sculpture before,^[45][46][47] during,^[48][49][50] and after the trial.^{[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61]} The court case was also the subject of a one-hour British television programme.^[62][63][64]

Since the trial, writers have continued to reflect on the sculpture and its social implications. ^{[65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72]}

Performance Art[link]

While living in London, England, he met many performance artists at the Brixton Artists Collective. He did his first performance piece in Reading, England on Saturday, 4 January 1986. He walked on the High Street with a dog carrying a sign which said, “Wanted: legally preserved human limbs and human fetuses”.^[73][74] He tried to do the same piece again in Brighton, England on Saturday, 25 January 1986 but he was arrested and convicted of behaviour likely to cause a breach of the peace.^[75][76] Subsequent performance pieces included standing in front of the Director of Public Prosecutions office in London, England with a live rat in front of his face,^[77][78] enabling people to kill live insects in Plymouth, England (where he was arrested but released without charge),^{[79][80][81][82][83][84]} wearing a vest made with live worms in London, England,^[85] and questioning the killing of slugs in Vancouver, Canada.^[86][87]

Cannibalism[link]

On Saturday, 23 July 1988 he became the first person in British history to legally eat the flesh of another person in public. Because England does not have a specific law against cannibalism, he legally ate a canapé of donated human tonsils in Walthamstow High Street, London, England.^{[88][89][90][91][92]} A year later, on Saturday, 15 April 1989, he publicly ate a slice of human testicle in Lewisham High Street, London, England.^{[93][94][95][96][97]} When he tried to eat another slice of human testicle at the Pitt International Galleries in Vancouver, Canada on 14 July 1989, the Vancouver police confiscated the testicle hors d'œuvre.^[98][99] However, the charge of publicly exhibiting a disgusting object was dropped and he finally ate the piece of human testicle on the steps of the Vancouver court house on 22 September 1989.^{[100][101][102]}

Sniffy the Rat[link]

On the 28 December 1989, The Province newspaper in Vancouver, Canada reported that Gibson intended to crush a rat named Sniffy between two paint canvasses with a 25 kilogram concrete block in downtown Vancouver. On impact, Sniffy would leave an imprint on the canvasses, forming a diptych. Gibson said he had acquired Sniffy from a pet store which sold living rats as food for snakes and lizards. The performance was planned to happen on Saturday, 6 January 1990, outside of the old central public library on Burrard Street.^[103] Opinion about the impending event was publicly broadcast via newsprint,^{[104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113]} television, and radio.^{[114][115][116][117][118]}

On the morning of Saturday, 6 January 1990, a group of animal rights activists from the Lifeforce Foundation confiscated the device Gibson was going to use to crush the rat. Lifeforce's Peter Hamilton said that it was done to protect both the rat and Gibson. Because of this development, Gibson arrived at the corner of Robson and Burrard at 1 PM without Sniffy or his art making device. He told a crowd of over 300 people that he had returned the rat to the pet store where he had rented it. He encouraged the crowd to go to the pet store and rescue Sniffy before it was sold as snake food. He later told CBC that he had full intentions of killing the animals. As he tried to leave the area, Gibson was surrounded by activists. He, along with Susan Milne^[119] and Paddy Ryan, were chased up Burrard Street by a mob. The three of them escaped through the Hotel Vancouver.^{[120][121][122][123][124][125][126]}

Later that day, Sniffy was purchased from the pet store by Peter Hamilton of the ecology and animals rights Lifeforce Foundation.^{[127][128][129]}

Immediately afterwards, cartoonists,^[130] writers,^{[131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142] [143]} editors,^{[144][145][146][147][148]} and the general public^{[149][150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161]} commented on the event. Numerous books have also made reference to it.^{[162][163][164][165][166]}

Several television shows have also focused on it.^{[167][168][169]} For the tenth anniversary of the performance, Radix Theatre, under the direction of Andrew Laurenson, created the Sniffy the Rat bus tour.^[170][171]