Choum

Name	Choum
Settlement type	Commune and town
Pushpin map	Mauritania
Pushpin label position	bottom
Pushpin mapsize	300
Pushpin map caption	Location in Mauritania
Coordinates region	MR
Subdivision type	Country
Subdivision type1	Region
Subdivision name	Mauritania
Subdivision name1	Adrar Region
Elevation m	328.0

Choum is a town in northern Mauritania, lying in the Adrar Region close to the border with the Western Sahara (Non-Self-Governing Territory). Choum has a population of around 5,000.

History

The town grew from its position on trans-Saharan trading routes. It declined with the trade, and in 1977 was attacked by French troops as a suspected base of the Polisario Front, the national liberation movement fighting for independence for the Western Sahara. Fortifications from the period survive around the town.

Transport

Choum is now a stop on the Mauritania Railway from Nouadhibou on the Atlantic coast to Zouérat, and a transport interchange for access to the Adrar Plateau and the Mauritanian capital Nouakchott. It is the railway which has made Choum famous - or infamous - in the European colonial legacy to Africa.

National railway passing through foreign territory

The town stands on a spur of land which carries the major turning-point in the border between Mauritania and the Western Sahara. When the French colonial authorities in Mauritania, in the early 1960s, wished to build the line from Nouadhibou to Zouérat to exploit the iron ore reserves at Zouérat, the Spanish authorities then responsible for the Western Sahara negotiated to allow the railway to be built through Spanish territory over relatively level desert, but imposed conditions unacceptable to the French. The French engineers therefore built the line parallel with the border and tunneled through the Choum hillspur - two kilometres through solid granite just to stay within French territory. The tunnel has been called a "monument to European stupidity in Africa". The absurdity was highlighted when the southern part of the territory of Western Sahara was briefly administered by Mauritania after the Spanish withdrew in 1975-6. The tunnel is no longer in use.

Another description of this stupidity is Beggar thy neighbour.

There are links by dirt track to Atar.

See also

Railway stations in Mauritania

National railway passing through foreign territory

Enclave and exclave

References

Griffiths, Ieuan (1986) The scramble for Africa: inherited political boundaries. The Geographical Journal 152 (2), 204-16.

External links

MSN Map

Category:Populated places in Mauritania Category:Adrar Region Category:Railway stations in Mauritania Category:Communes of Mauritania