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Carlisle College
Coordinates: 54°53′46″N 2°55′44″W / 54.896°N 2.929°W / 54.896; -2.929
Carlisle College is a further education college based in Carlisle, Cumbria. It takes on students in the September and also the February of each year.
The OFSTED Report for the school was met with a review stating, "This is a really good college where learner achievement is high, which is down to the hard work and dedication of both students and staff.
There are courses supplied aimed at 14 to 19 Year Olds, Adult Learning, Apprenticeships and Training Solutions for Businesses. Various courses are available under the City and Guilds title.
Engineering has the highest BTEC level, with students taking part in the Level 3 course, having the opportunity, if successful, to continue their education on to university. The level 3 engineering course, which deals with pneumatics and hydraulics is taught by a former human–computer interaction manager, John Foster.
The mathematics department course tutors have 4 years of university experience and training, they consist of: Bill Hocking, the department of electronics teacher and Tony Fenton, a skilled teacher of magnetic dynamos and other electrics.
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Chisholm Institute
Chisholm Institute is a Technical and Further Education (TAFE) Institute located in the south-east Melbourne and Westernport Bay areas in Australia. It provides adult education in a number of areas including the arts and humanities, hospitality, information technology, mechanics and business. It was founded in 1998 by the merging of Casey Institute of TAFE, Peninsula Institute of TAFE and Barton Institute of TAFE.
The Institute takes its name from Caroline Chisholm. Its name was also inspired by the Chisholm Institute of Technology, a tertiary institution that operated in southeast Melbourne from 1982 to 1990 before becoming part of Monash University.
Chisholm Institute has campuses in Dandenong, Berwick, Frankston, Wonthaggi, Cranbourne, Noble Park and Mornington Peninsula Campus.
Berwick Technical Education Centre (TEC) was established at the Berwick campus with the new building completed in 2009. A new trade careers centre worth $26 million associated with the TEC was announced in the 2011 State Budget in May.
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Cranfield University
Cranfield University is a British postgraduate and research-based university with two campuses. The main campus is at Cranfield, Bedfordshire and the second is the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom at Shrivenham, Oxfordshire. The main campus is unique in the United Kingdom for having an operational airport (Cranfield Airport) next to the main campus. The airport facilities are used by Cranfield University's own aircraft in the course of aerospace teaching and research. The university has connections in India and Australia.
The university was formed in 1946 as the College of Aeronautics on the former Royal Air Force base of RAF Cranfield which opened in 1937. (See also entries on Harold Roxbee Cox, Sir Stafford Cripps and Roy Fedden, all individuals associated with the foundation of the original College of Aeronautics). Between 1955 and 1969 a period of diversification took place. In 1967 the college presented the Privy Council with a petition for the grant of a Royal Charter along with a draft charter for a new institution to be called Cranfield Institute of Technology. The Cranfield Institute of Technology was incorporated by Royal Charter in 1969, giving the institution its own degree-awarding powers.
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Durham University
The University of Durham, commonly known as Durham University, is a public research university in Durham, England. It was founded by Act of Parliament in 1832 and granted a Royal Charter in 1837. It was one of the first universities to open in England for more than 600 years and has a claim towards being the third oldest university in England.
Durham is a collegiate university, with its main functions divided between the academic departments of the university and 16 colleges. In general, the departments perform research and provide lectures to students, while the colleges are responsible for the domestic arrangements and welfare of undergraduate students, graduate students, post-doctoral researchers and some university staff.
The university is considered very prestigious and has been included as part of an unofficial British "Ivy League" of elite universities by both The Daily Telegraph and The Sunday Times. It is currently ranked between 3rd and 7th places by the latest league tables of the British universities. "Long established as the leading alternative to Oxford and Cambridge", the university attracts "a largely middle class student body" according to The Times Good University Guide. Durham has the second highest proportion of privately educated students in the country. The university was named Sunday Times University of the Year in 2005, having previously been shortlisted for the award in 2004.
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Edge Hill University
Edge Hill University is situated in Ormskirk, Lancashire, England. It has three faculties: Arts and Sciences, Education, and Health and Social Care.
Edge Hill College was opened on 24 January 1885 on Durning Road, Edge Hill, Liverpool, named after the district in which it was sited. It was the first non-denominational teacher training college for women in England. By 1892, Edge Hill was one of only two colleges in England combining teacher training and degree course study.
As student numbers increased, Edge Hill quickly outgrew its surroundings. The institution was handed over to the Lancashire Education Committee, with the foundation stone for the present Ormskirk campus laid on 26 October 1931. Between 1939 and 1946, the college was evacuated to Bingley, in Yorkshire, and the Ormskirk site was requisitioned for use as a military hospital.
Edge Hill became a mixed college, admitting its first male students in October 1959, when it had about 500 students in total. The institution has since expanded rapidly; with further developments at Ormskirk and the absorption of the former Sefton School of Health Studies, in 2011 there are over 25,000 students including over 9,000 studying full-time.
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Hochschule Wismar
The Hochschule Wismar, University of Applied Sciences Technology, Business and Design, (in German: Hochschule Wismar, Fachhochschule für Technik, Wirtschaft und Gestaltung) in Wismar, Germany, is one of the public universities on the Baltic coast in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. The university was founded in 1908 as an engineering academy and has become an important part in the city's cultural life. The campus situated approximately 500 meters away from the harbor.
Since 2007 the university has been restructured and has now 3 faculties reflecting the three subjects in its name: technology, business and design:
Coordinates: 53°53′24″N 11°26′45″E / 53.89°N 11.44583°E / 53.89; 11.44583
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Hugh Baird College
Coordinates: 53°26′46″N 2°59′20″W / 53.446°N 2.989°W / 53.446; -2.989 Hugh Baird College is a further education College situated in Bootle, Merseyside, England. It is the largest provider of education and training in the area and enjoys a student population of roughly 6000. Since April 1993, the College has been an independent Further Education Corporation under the management of a governing Corporation, the Principalship and the Senior Management Team.
The college's buildings are within close proximity of each other. The Balliol Centre serves the majority of the college's students as the main building with 7 floors, including the main Reception and Student Advice Centre. More recently, the Pembroke Centre has been built to specialise in the training of trades, such as Joinery, Bricklaying and Electrical installation. The college's extensive programme of 'Independent Living' courses are also run at this building..
The college also operates within the nearby Merton Centre site where painting and decorating courses are held. The Sixth Form Centre, located next to the main Balliol building, house the Adult Education programmes and is where the college's Student Services Manager is based.
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Isle of Man
The Isle of Man (
/ˈmæn/; Manx: Ellan Vannin, pronounced [ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn]), otherwise known simply as Mann (Manx: Mannin, IPA: [ˈmanɪn]), is a self-governing Crown Dependency of the United Kingdom, located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, within the British Isles. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is represented by a Lieutenant Governor. The island is not part of the United Kingdom, but its foreign relations and defence are the responsibility of the UK Government. Although the United Kingdom does not usually interfere in the island's domestic matters, its "good government" is ultimately the responsibility of the Crown (that is, in practice, the Government of the United Kingdom).
The island has been inhabited since before 6500 BC. Gaelic cultural influence began in the 5th century AD, and the Manx language, a branch of the Gaelic languages, gradually emerged. In the 9th century, the Norse began to settle there. A Norse-Gaelic culture arose and the island came under Norse control. In 1266, the island became part of Scotland as formalised by the Treaty of Perth. After a period of alternating rule by the kings of Scotland and England, the island came under the feudal overlordship of the English Crown in 1399. The lordship revested into the British Crown in 1764 but the island never became part of Great Britain or its successor the United Kingdom and retained its status as an internally self-governing Crown dependency.
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Kingston University
Kingston University (informally Kingston) is a public research university located in Kingston upon Thames, southwest London, United Kingdom. It was originally founded in 1899 as Kingston Technical Institute, a polytechnic, and became a university in 1992.
Campuses are located in Kingston and Roehampton. There is a range of undergraduate and postgraduate work spread across seven faculties, as well as some further education provisions.
The Kingston Technical Institute opened in 1899. A School of Art in Kingston was founded in the 1890s. In 1970 the two institutions were merged in Kingston Polytechnic, which was granted university status under the Further and Higher Education Act 1992.
See also A History of Kingston University by Prof. Michael Gibson.
This is the main university campus located close to Kingston town centre. In addition to teaching facilities, it features a library, health centre and canteen. Students based here study; Arts and Social Sciences, Civil Engineering, Computing and Information Systems and Mathematics, Earth Sciences and Geography, Statistics, Science, and Radiography. Across the road is the Reg Bailey Theatre which houses a stage area used by drama and dance students. Recent developments on this site has seen the opening of the John Galsworthy Building, providing extra teaching and office space.
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Lancaster University
Lancaster University, officially The University of Lancaster, is a research-intensive British university in Lancaster, Lancashire, England. The university was established by Royal Charter in 1964 and initially based in St Leonard's Gate until moving to a purpose-built 300 acre campus at Bailrigg in 1968. Lancaster expanded rapidly and now has the 11th highest research quality in the UK and is the 16th highest ranking research institution according to the latest Research Assessment Exercise. The university has an annual income of £177 million, 3,025 staff and 12,695 students. Along with the universities of Durham, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle, Sheffield and York, Lancaster is a member of the N8 Group of research universities. Lancaster was ranked 7th in the 2013 Guardian University Guide, 9th in the 2013 Complete University Guide, 8th in the Times Higher Education Table, and 9th in the 2012 Good University Guide. It was also ranked 124th internationally in THE World University Rankings 2011 153rd in the 2011 QS World University Rankings, and 9th best university in the world under 50 years old.
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Leiden University
Leiden University (Dutch: Universiteit Leiden), located in the city of Leiden, is the oldest university in the Netherlands. The university was founded in 1575 by William, Prince of Orange, leader of the Dutch Revolt in the Eighty Years' War. The royal Dutch House of Orange-Nassau and Leiden University still have a close relationship. The Queens Juliana and Beatrix and crown-prince Willem-Alexander studied at Leiden University. In 2005 Queen Beatrix received a rare honorary degree from Leiden University.
Leiden University has six faculties, over 50 departments and more than 150 undergraduate programmes and enjoys an outstanding international reputation. Shanghai Jiao Tong University's 2011 Academic Ranking of World Universities ranks Leiden University as the 65th best university worldwide. Times Higher Education World University Rankings consistently rank Leiden University as the best university in Continental Europe for Arts and Humanities. The University is associated with at least sixteen recipients of the Nobel Prize. The university is a member of the distinguished Coimbra Group, the Europaeum and the League of European Research Universities.
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Liverpool
Liverpool ( /ˈlɪvəpuːl/) is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Liverpool was 445,200 and was part of a larger urban area of 816,216.
Historically a part of Lancashire, the urbanisation and expansion of Liverpool were both largely brought about by the city's status as a major port. By the 18th century, trade from the West Indies, Ireland and mainland Europe coupled with close links with the Atlantic Slave Trade furthered the economic expansion of Liverpool. By the early 19th century, 40% of the world's trade passed through Liverpool's docks, contributing to Liverpool's rise as a major city.
Inhabitants of Liverpool are referred to as Liverpudlians but are also colloquially known as "Scousers", in reference to the local dish known as "scouse", a form of stew. The word "Scouse" has also become synonymous with the Liverpool accent and dialect. Liverpool's status as a port city has contributed to its diverse population, which, historically, were drawn from a wide range of peoples, cultures, and religions, particularly those from Ireland. The city is also home to the oldest Black African community in the country and the oldest Chinese community in Europe.
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Macclesfield College
Coordinates: 53°15′04″N 2°08′17″W / 53.251°N 2.138°W / 53.251; -2.138
Macclesfield College is a further learning institute in Macclesfield, Cheshire which primarily offers BTEC and NVQ qualifications, this college is noted within the local area as a aerospace engineering college as it possesses a small plane for its engineering students.
The college also offers A levels, which are primarily sited in the LZ6 block on campus. The college also shares its campus with The Macclesfield Academy. Other local high schools include Fallibroome High School, Tytherington High School, Henbury High School. The College Principal is Wendy Wright OBE.
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MI5
The Security Service, commonly known as MI5 (Military Intelligence, Section 5), is the United Kingdom's internal counter-intelligence and security agency and is part of its core intelligence machinery alongside the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6) focused on foreign threats, Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) and Defence Intelligence (DI). All come under the direction of the Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC). The service has a statutory basis in the Security Service Act 1989 and the Intelligence Services Act 1994. Its remit includes the protection of British parliamentary democracy and economic interests, counter-terrorism and counter-espionage within the UK. Although mainly concerned with internal security, it does have an overseas role in support of its mission. Conversely, to ensure that the Home Secretary is responsible for intelligence operations within the UK, the Service may act on behalf of SIS and GCHQ[citation needed] even if the operation is outside its own functions (SIS and GCHQ report to the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs).
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Mid Cheshire College
Coordinates: 53°14′56″N 2°32′13″W / 53.249°N 2.537°W / 53.249; -2.537
Mid Cheshire College is a further education college. Its main campus is in the village of Hartford, Cheshire. John Reilly is the college principal. He joined the college in 2002 after leaving the Tameside College in East Manchester where he was Director of Development. The college performed exceptionally well in its last Ofsted inspection in 2008, graded as outstanding / Grade 1 in all areas. The college has also been awarded LSIS Beacon status, the highest accolade in the FE sector. The college has approximately 9,000 students.
The college offers a wide variety of academic and vocational courses including BTEC National Diplomas, BTEC First Diplomas and National Vocational Qualifications (NVQ). Subjects include Art & Design, Beauty Therapy, Hospitality & Catering, Public Services and Construction. The college also offers Foundation Degrees accredited by the University of Chester and the Manchester Metropolitan University. Subjects include Business, Fashion, ICT, Music Technology and Graphic Design. The college promotes continuing education, too, and offers a number of adult courses, and return-to-work and study courses. The college also awards Access to Higher Education Diplomas, which enable adults with no or few qualifications the opportunity to go on to study at university.
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Myerscough College
Coordinates: 53°51′11″N 2°45′47″W / 53.8531°N 2.7631°W / 53.8531; -2.7631
Myerscough College (pronounced Myersco or Myerskoh) is a Higher and Further Education college near Bilsborrow on the Fylde in Lancashire, England.
The college dates back to the 19th century, when it was known as Lancashire College of Agriculture. The original college was based to the South of Preston near Hutton, and moved to the current site in 1969, as recorded by a stone plaque on the teaching block built at that time. The new College was built on the site of Myerscough Hall, near St Michael's Road in Bilsborrow, and is in the rural parish of Myerscough and Bilsborrow.
The college occupies the substantial grounds previously occupied by the Hall and farm, extending to River Brock on the north side, and St Michael's Road on the south. The College also leases several local farms, including Lee Farm and Lodge Farm, for agricultural research and teaching purposes. The college estate extends to 605 hectares, and the campus has extensive residential accommodation.
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Northern England
Northern England, also known as the North of England, the North or the North Country, is a cultural region of England. It is not an official government region, but rather an informal amalgamation of counties. The southern extent of the region is roughly the River Trent, while the North is bordered by Scotland.
Northern England comprises three regions of England - the North East, North West and Yorkshire and the Humber. The counties of Northern England combined have a population of around 14.5 million covering an area of 37,331 km2 (14,414 sq mi).
During antiquity most of the area was part of Brigantia — homeland of the Brigantes and the largest Brythonic kingdom of Great Britain. After the Roman conquest of Britain the city of York became capital of the area, called Britannia Inferior then Britannia Secunda. In Sub-Roman Britain new Brythonic kingdoms of the Hen Ogledd emerged. The Angle settlers created Bernicia and Deira from which came Northumbria and a Golden Age in cultural, scholarly and monastic activity, centred around Lindisfarne and aided by Irish monks.Norse and Gaelic Viking raiders gained control of much of the area, creating the Danelaw. During this time there were close relations with Mann and the Isles, Dublin and Norway. Northumbria was unified with the rest of England under Eadred around 952.
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Preston College
Coordinates: 53°47′02″N 2°42′02″W / 53.7839°N 2.7005°W / 53.7839; -2.7005
Preston College is a further education college in the city of Preston, Lancashire, England. The college originally opened as W.R. Tuson College in September 1974 and was renamed on 1 September 1989.
The college had two main sites until mid 2011; the main campus on St. Vincent's Road in Fulwood and a smaller building located next to Moor Park. The college finished the build of a Btec building in mid 2011 upon the Fulwood campus; the building cost over one million pounds and replaced the Moor Park campus.
A £5m visual and performing arts centre was officially opened on the Fulwood site in January 2012.
The college offers a lot of vocational based subjects including Dance, Music, Media and Performing Arts
As well as media studies and related fields of learning, the college also offers many academic courses at a sixth form college level. These include English literature, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Maths and Advanced Mathematics.
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Rainford College
Coordinates: 53°30′07″N 2°46′59″W / 53.502°N 2.783°W / 53.502; -2.783
Rainford College is a sixth form college located in St Helens, Merseyside.
Rainford College was first given "sixth form" status in 1989 when St Helens council wanted to bring more of a future to the stability of youngsters throughout the area. It is a well balanced, high performing school which is currently second in the results table in the St Helens area, behind Carmel College.
The actual college itself consists of small to medium sized rooms. The school wanted this so that there could be smaller classes for more interactive rooms and so that the teachers and lecturers could engage with the students better.
The college has kept up the tradition of a "common room"- a place where people can go and chill. The head of the college is Danny Hubball and the assistant head is Steve Marshall. They have also recently appointed a pastoral leader, Catherine Benbow. The common room has been recently refurbished with new comfy seats, a radio and recently painted walls and doors to keep the facilities appearing modern and uptodate.
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Reaseheath College
Reaseheath College (previously known as the Cheshire College of Agriculture and the Cheshire School of Agriculture) is a land-based further education college, mainly located in the village of Worleston in Cheshire, England. It opened in 1921.
The college mainly offers courses and training related to agriculture and the natural environment. Its main base is in the Reaseheath area of Worleston, but there is also a smaller campus of the college in the centre of Nantwich.
As well as further education courses, Reaseheath College also offers some higher education courses in conjunction with the University of Chester and Harper Adams University College. Residential accommodation is available to both further and higher education students at the main college site. The Principal of the College is Meredydd David OBE.
Coordinates: 53°05′01″N 2°31′38″W / 53.0835°N 2.5273°W / 53.0835; -2.5273
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Royal College of Art
The Royal College of Art (informally the RCA) is a public research university specialised in art and design located in London, United Kingdom. It is the world's only wholly postgraduate university of art and design, offering the degrees of Master of Arts (M.A.), Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.). It was founded in 1837 and has had university status since 1967.
The RCA is based in the South Kensington and Battersea areas of Central London.
The RCA was founded in 1837 as the Government School of Design. In 1853, it became the National Art Training School with the Female School of Art in separate buildings; and, in 1896, it received the name Royal College of Art. During the 19th century, it was often referred to as the South Kensington Schools. See Richard Burchett, an early Headmaster, for more details on this period. After 130 years in operation, the Royal College of Art was granted its Royal Charter in 1967, which gave it the status of an independent university with the power to grant its own degrees.
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Swansea University
Swansea University (Welsh: Prifysgol Abertawe) is a university located in Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom. Swansea University was chartered as University College of Swansea in 1920, as the fourth college of the University of Wales. In 1996, it changed its name to the University of Wales Swansea following structural changes within the University of Wales. The new title of Swansea University was formally adopted on 1 September 2007 when the University of Wales became a non-membership confederal institution and the former members became universities in their own right.
It is the third largest university in Wales in terms of number of students. The university campus is located next to the coast at the north of Swansea Bay, east of the Gower Peninsula, in the grounds of Singleton Park, just outside Swansea city centre. Swansea was granted its own degree-awarding powers in 2005 in preparation for possible changes within the University of Wales.
Swansea and Cardiff University compete in an annual varsity match, known as the Welsh version of the Oxbridge event, which includes the Welsh Varsity rugby and The Welsh Boat Race.
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Tameside College
Tameside College is a further education college located in Ashton-under-Lyne, Greater Manchester, England.
The college offers a range of courses for students from Ashton-under-Lyne and the surrounding area. These courses include NVQs, BTECs, Apprenticeships and Access courses. As well as its operations from its main site in Ashton-under-Lyne, the college also operates three Local Learning Centres in Ashton-under-Lyne, Droylsden and Hyde.
Tameside College also owns and operates Hyde Clarendon Sixth Form College in Hyde, offering A-Levels to local school-leavers. The College Principal is Peter Ryder.
Coordinates: 53°29′16″N 2°04′49″W / 53.4877°N 2.0804°W / 53.4877; -2.0804
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Taylor's University
Taylor's University is a private university in Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. It was founded in 1969 as a college, was awarded University College status in 2006, and got University status in 2010. It is a member of Taylor's Education Group. Taylor's University offers courses in tertiary education, from foundation and diploma to degree, post-graduate and professional programmes.
Taylor’s University is a member of the Taylor’s Education Group which comprises Taylor’s College, Garden International School, Sri Garden Schools, Australian International School Malaysia, Nexus International School, Putrajaya and Nexus International School, Singapore.
The first Taylor's campus was located in a building at Jalan Pantai, Kuala Lumpur offering the Victorian High School Certificate (VHSC) programme for a student population of 345. In 1985, Taylor's moved to its second campus in PJ New Town. Four years later, the Subang Jaya Campus was launched and two new pre-university programmes were introduced: the Canadian Pre-University (CPU) programme and South Australian Matriculation (SAM).
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Teesside University
Teesside University is a university in Middlesbrough, England. It has a student body of 28,094 students as of the 2010–11 academic year. However, half of the students study in undergraduate non-degree programs. It recorded rises in applications of 25.1 per cent and 23.5 per cent for degree courses beginning in 2010, the highest such percentage increases of the five universities in the North East of England. The university has a campus in Darlington named Teesside University Darlington.
While it was clear enough that, when the time came for a successor to the Middlesbrough-based Mechanics' Institute of 1844, a new technical college was in order, a shortage of funding long proved a barrier to any such plan. The College's launch could otherwise have come as early as 1914. Even after the donation of £40,000 to build the college from local shipping magnate Joseph Constantine in 1916, progress was slow. A Governing Council took place in 1922, followed by a doubling of the original financial offer by the Constantine family in 1924. For the task of constructing the first Technical College building, Mr Graham R. Dawbarn (a London architect also responsible for additions to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge) was appointed on 29 March 1926. Building work finally kicked into action in 1927, culminating in the beginning of enrolment and teaching formalities on 16 September 1929. But the fanfare had to wait, until the turn of the decade, in order to accommodate the royal schedule.
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The Oldham College
Coordinates: 53°32′35″N 2°07′12″W / 53.543°N 2.120°W / 53.543; -2.120
Oldham College, is a further education college based in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England.
Oldham College was founded in 1893 when a donation from the Platt Brothers led to the establishment of the school of art and science in the town. This majestic building on Union Street still survives to this day.
In the post war years it became increasingly apparent that the college needed to expand to support the growing textile and engineering industries which dominated the local economy. In 1954 the new Oldham Technical College opened on Rochdale Road.
In 1987 The College dropped the word “Technical” from its name to reflect the much broader range of courses it offered. Today the College continues to offer a wide range of vocational courses, both full and part-time.
The College currently has over 10,000 students studying over 900 courses, making it the largest centre of further education in Oldham. It is in the top 10% of colleges in the country; rated "outstanding" by Ofsted, and holds LSIS Beacon Status. Status for excellence in its delivery of learning skills.
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Tsinghua University
Coordinates: 40°00′00″N 116°19′36″E / 40°N 116.32667°E / 40; 116.32667
Tsinghua University (Tsinghua, colloquially known in Chinese as Qinghua, is a university in Beijing, China. The school is one of the nine universities of the C9 League. It was established in 1911 under the name "Tsinghua Xuetang" or "Tsinghua College" and was renamed the "Tsinghua School" one year later. The university section was founded in 1925 and the name "National Tsinghua University" was adopted in 1928. With a motto of Self-Discipline and Social Commitment, Tsinghua University describes itself as being dedicated to academic excellence, the well-being of Chinese society and to global development. Tsinghua is almost always ranked as the first or second best university in mainland China in many national and international rankings. According to the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2011–2012, Tsinghua ranked 71 worldwide among universities.
Since American Secretary of State John Hay suggested that the US $30 million plus Boxer indemnity paid to the United States was excessive, in 1909, President Roosevelt then obtained congressional approval to reduce the Qing Dynasty indemnity payment by US$10.8 million, on the condition that the said fund was to be used as scholarship for Chinese students to study in the United States. Using this fund, the Tsinghua College Chinese: 清華學堂(Qīnghuá Xuétáng) was established in Beijing, China, on 29 April 1911 on the site of a former royal garden belonging to a prince. It was first a preparatory school for students later sent by the government to study in the United States. The faculty members for sciences were recruited by the YMCA from the United States and its graduates transferred directly to American schools as juniors upon graduation. In 1925, the school established its College Department and started its research institute on Chinese Study.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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University of Dundee
The University of Dundee is a university based in the city and Royal burgh of Dundee on the east coast of the central Lowlands of Scotland.
Founded in 1881 the institution was, for most of its early existence, a constituent college of the University of St Andrews alongside United College and St Mary's College located in the town of St Andrews itself. Following significant expansion, the University of Dundee became an independent body in 1967 whilst retaining much of its ancient heritage and governance structure. Since its independence, the university has grown to become an internationally recognised centre for research.
The main campus of the university is located in Dundee's West End, which also contains the university's affiliated Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art and Design and the Dundee Dental Hospital and School. The university also has additional facilities at Ninewells Hospital – containing its School of Medicine, Perth Royal Infirmary – which houses a clinical research centre, and in Kirkcaldy, Fife – containing part of its school of Nursing and Midwifery. Dundee has developed a significant reputation for students entering the traditional professions most notably law, medicine and dentistry as well as emerging areas such as life sciences and art.
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University of Essex
The University of Essex is a British campus university whose original and largest campus is near the town of Colchester, England. It was established in 1963 and received its Royal Charter in 1965. The University is a member of the 1994 Group. It has 18 main teaching departments and 36 centres and institutes in subjects including biological sciences, computer science, acting, economics, business, health/human sciences, history, language and linguistics, mathematical sciences, human rights, law, literature, film studies, theatre studies, philosophy, art history, psychology, psychoanalytic studies, sociology and government.
The university's main campus is located within Wivenhoe Park in the English county of Essex, less than a mile (1.6 km) from the town of Wivenhoe & 2 miles (3.2 km) from the town of Colchester. Apart from the Wivenhoe Park campus, there is a rapidly developing campus in Southend-on-Sea (Essex's largest town), and the East 15 Acting School is based in Loughton. The University's motto, Thought the harder, heart the keener, is adapted from the Anglo-Saxon poem The Battle of Maldon.
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University of Kent
The University of Kent (formerly the University of Kent at Canterbury, abbreviated as Cantuar. for post-nominals) is a public research university based in Kent, United Kingdom. It was founded in 1965 and is regarded as one of the UK's "plate glass universities".
The University of Kent's main site is a rural campus just north of Canterbury situated within 300 acres of park land, which houses over 4,300 students. The university has additional UK sites in Medway and Tonbridge, and postgraduate centres in Brussels and Paris. In the 2008 Research Assessment Exercise the University of Kent was placed 24th out of 118 participating institutions in terms of the best, or 4*, research in a ranking produced by Times Higher Education.
The University of Kent is frequently ranked in the top 30 in rankings of British universities. In 2010 just under 30,000 students applied to the University of Kent through UCAS and 5,242 accepted offers of places. The average UCAS points offer given for 2011/12 was 349 or AAB-AAA. Kent is a member of the Santander Network of European universities encouraging social and economic development.
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University of Leeds
Coordinates: 53°48′26″N 1°33′6″W / 53.80722°N 1.55167°W / 53.80722; -1.55167
The University of Leeds (informally Leeds University, or simply Leeds) is a British Redbrick university located in the city of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. Originally named the Yorkshire College of Science and later simply the Yorkshire College, it incorporated the Leeds School of Medicine and became part of the federal Victoria University alongside Owens College (which eventually became the University of Manchester) and University College Liverpool (which became the University of Liverpool). In 1904, a royal charter was granted to the University of Leeds by King Edward VII.
The University is a member of the Russell Group of research-intensive universities, of which the university's Vice-Chancellor Prof Michael Arthur is the current Chairman, and the N8 Group for research collaboration. The university is also a founding member of the Worldwide Universities Network, the Association of Commonwealth Universities, the European University Association, the White Rose University Consortium, the Santander Network and CDIO and is also affiliated to the Association of MBAs, EQUIS and Universities UK.
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University of London
The University of London is a federal university made up of 31 affiliates: 19 separate university institutions, and 12 research institutes. As such, the University of London is the largest university in the UK by number of full-time students, with 135,090 campus-based students and over 50,000 in the University of London International Programmes.
The university was first established by a Royal Charter in 1836, which brought together in federation London University (now University College London) and King's College (now King's College London), to establish today's federally structured University of London.
Graduates of the University of London often use the post-nominal letters 'Lond.' or, more rarely, 'Londin.' (both from Londiniensis) after their degree abbreviations (see post-nominal abbreviations).
Founded in 1836, the University at first comprised just two colleges: University College London, which previously had no official chartered status and did not apply religious tests to its students, and King's College, which had been chartered since 1829 and which admitted only members of the Church of England. Both King's (founded 1829) and University College London (founded 1826) pre-date the University of London, which initially served solely as an examining body for the constituent colleges.
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University of Oxford
Coordinates: 51°45′40″N 1°15′12″W / 51.7611°N 1.2534°W / 51.7611; -1.2534
The University of Oxford (informally Oxford University or Oxford) is a university located in Oxford, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest surviving university in the world and the oldest in the English-speaking world. Although its exact date of foundation is unclear, there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096. The University grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris. In post-nominals, the University of Oxford was historically abbreviated as Oxon. (from the Latin Oxoniensis), although Oxf is now used in official university publications.
After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some academics fled north-east to Cambridge, where they established what became the University of Cambridge. The two ancient English universities have many common features and are often jointly referred to as Oxbridge. In addition to their cultural and practical associations, as a historic part of British society, they have a long history of rivalry with each other.
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University of Sussex
The University of Sussex is a public research university situated next to the East Sussex village of Falmer, within the city of Brighton and Hove. Taking its name from the historic county of Sussex, the university received its Royal Charter in August 1961.
The university is currently ranked 11th in the UK, 31st in Europe and 99th in the world by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings.The Guardian university guide 2013 placed Sussex joint 27th, and the Times Good University Guide 2012 ranks Sussex at 14th place. Sussex is also a founder member of the 1994 Group of research-intensive universities.
In an effort to establish a university to serve Brighton, a public meeting was held in December 1911 at the Royal Pavilion in order to discover ways to fund the construction of a university; the project was halted by World War I, and the money raised was used instead for books for the Municipal Technical College.[citation needed]
The idea was revived in the 1950s and, in June 1958, the government approved the corporation's scheme for a university at Brighton, the first of a new generation of what came to be known as plate glass universities. The University was established as a company in 1959, with a Royal Charter being granted on 16 August 1961. The University's organisation broke new ground in seeing the campus divided into Schools of Study, with students able to benefit from a multidisciplinary teaching environment. Sussex would emphasise cross-disciplinary activity, so that students would emerge from the university with a range of background or 'contextual' knowledge to complement their specialist 'core' skills in a particular subject area.[citation needed]
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University of Vaasa
The University of Vaasa (Finnish: Vaasan yliopisto, Swedish: Vasa universitet) is a multidisciplinary, business-oriented university in Vaasa, Finland. The campus of the university is situated by the Gulf of Bothnia adjacent to downtown Vaasa. The university has evolved from a school of economics founded in 1968 to a university consisting of three faculties: Faculty of Business Studies, Faculty of Philosophy and Faculty of Technology. With its Faculty of Business Studies, also called the Vaasa School of Economics, University of Vaasa is one of the largest business universities in Finland. The university has 425 personnel which includes a teaching staff of 180 and 54 professors. Around 5000 students are currently studying in various degree programs at the university.
Faculty of Business Studies
Faculty of Philosophy
Faculty of Technology
Faculty of Business Studies
Faculty of Philosophy
Faculty of Technology
In 1966 the Council of State made the decision to establish a School of Economics and Business Administration in Vaasa, and so Vaasa got its first institution of higher education which the region of Vaasa had worked for since the 1940's. The very next year the first students started their studies; 90 business and 60 correspondence students. The first principal to be chosen for the school was Tryggve Saxén and the first vice principal was Mauri Palomäki, who later would become the longest serving principal the school has seen so far. The lectures were first held in a yard building of Vaasa Commercial College in Raastuvankatu street, but in its second year the school moved into the whole house as the commercial college moved to a new building.
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University of York
The University of York (informally York University, or simply York, abbreviated as Ebor. for post-nominals), is a plate glass university located in the city of York, England. Established in 1963, the campus university has expanded to more than thirty departments and centres, covering a wide range of subjects. Despite its relatively young age, the university has quickly built a reputation in less than half a century. York has been named the 8th best young university in the world, and is 1st within the UK, building a "reputation to rival Oxford and Cambridge". The university also places among the top 10 in the country, top 20 universities in Europe, and ranked 96th in the world, according to the 2011 QS World University Rankings. This places York in the top 1% of all higher education insitutions across the globe.
In the last Research Assessment Exercise in 2008, York was also named as the 8th best research institution in the United Kingdom. The university was named Sunday Times university of the year in 2003 and Times Higher Education university of the year in 2010. In 2012, The University of York was invited to join the Russell Group in recognition of the institution's world-leading research and outstanding teaching.
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Wirral Peninsula
Wirral or the Wirral /ˈwɪrəl/ is a peninsula in North West England. It is bounded by three bodies of water: to the west by the River Dee, forming a boundary with Wales, to the east by the River Mersey and to the north by the Irish Sea. Both terms "Wirral" and "the Wirral" are used locally (and interchangeably), although the merits of each form are the subject of local debate. People from the Wirral are called Wirralians, which is also the name of a local rugby club.
The roughly rectangular peninsula is about 10 miles (16.1 km) long and 7 miles (11.3 km) wide. Under the Local Government Act 1972 the northern part constitutes the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral in Merseyside, and the southern part is administered as part of Cheshire West and Chester. Historically part of Cheshire, the Wirral's boundary with the rest of Cheshire was officially "Two arrow falls from Chester City Walls", as mentioned in the Domesday Book. On this larger definition, even places such as Ledsham, Puddington and Saughall would be part of Wirral. The peninsula has also been a hundred.
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Anna Maxwell Martin
Anna Maxwell Martin (born 10 May 1977), sometimes credited as Anna Maxwell-Martin, is a twice BAFTA award-winning English actress who has won acclaim for her performances as Lyra in His Dark Materials at the Royal National Theatre, as Esther Summerson in the BBC's 2005 adaptation of Bleak House, and as N in Channel 4's 2008 adaptation of Poppy Shakespeare.
Anna Charlotte Martin was born in Beverley, near Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England in May 1977 and attended Beverley High School where she appeared in school plays. She added the name Maxwell (her grandfather's name) to her surname to distinguish her from another member with the same name when she joined Equity. Her father was the managing director of a pharmaceutical company and her mother was a research scientist. Her mother gave up her job to bring up Anna and her elder brother Adam. After she left school Martin studied history at Liverpool University, specialising in the First World War. She joined the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA) after completing her studies at Liverpool. In her final year at LAMDA her father was diagnosed with cancer, although he lived long enough to see her stage performance as Alexandra in The Little Foxes at the Donmar Warehouse (he died when she was 24).
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Barham Salih
Barham Ahmad Salih (Kurdish: بهرههم ئهحمهد ساڵح or Berhem Salih; Arabic: برهم أحمد صالح; born 1960) is an Iraqi Kurdish politician. He is the former prime minister of the Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraqi Kurdistan and a former deputy prime minister of the Federal government of Iraq. He is married and has a daughter who attended Princeton University and a son who graduated from King's Academy in Madaba, Jordan and who currently attends Columbia.
Dr. Barham Salih was born in 1960 in the city of Sulaymaniyah in Iraqi Kurdistan. He was arrested in 1979 by the Baathist regime twice on charges of involvement in the Kurdish national movement and spent 43 days in detention in a Special Investigation Commission prison in Kirkuk where he was tortured. His release is a source of speculation since politically active Kurds were particularly targeted for summary execution. Once release he finished high school honors and was ranked the first in Kurdistan and the third in Iraq with a grade of 96.5%. He left Iraq for the United Kingdom because of continuous persecution.
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Baroness Walmsley
Joan Margaret Walmsley, Baroness Walmsley (born 12 April 1943) is a British Liberal Democrat politician. She is currently the party spokesperson on Children, Schools and Families in the House of Lords.
She was educated at Notre Dame High School in Liverpool, before attending Liverpool University from where she graduated with a BSc in Biology in 1966, and later completed a PGCE[disambiguation needed
] at Manchester Polytechnic in 1979. She worked as a Cytologist at the Christie Hospital in Manchester from 1965–1967 and taught at Buxton College from 1979–1986. She went into public relations and worked for Hill & Knowlton until 1996, then began her own PR consultancy which she closed in 2003.
In the 1992 general election she stood as the Liberal Democrat candidate in Morley & Leeds South, and Congleton in 1997 general election, but was defeated on both occasions.
She was raised to the peerage as Baroness Walmsley, of West Derby in the County of Merseyside in 2000, whereupon she took the Liberal Democrat Whip. She was the party's spokesperson in the House of Lords on: Education & Skills (2001–2003); Home Affairs (2003–2004); and again for Education & Skills from 2004 onwards. A member of the Science & Technology Select Committee 2000–2005, and then Chair of the Science & Technology Sub-Committee in 2002 which produced the report on taxonomy entitled “What on Earth? The threat to the science underpinning conservation”.
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Beverley Hughes
Beverley June Hughes, Baroness Hughes of Stretford (born 30 March 1950) is a British Labour Party politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Stretford and Urmston from 1997 to 2010. In 2004, she was appointed to the Privy Council. From 2005 to 2009, she served in the Government as the Minister of State for Children, Young People and Families.
Beverley Hughes was born in Ellesmere Port, Merseyside in 1950 and was educated at Ellesmere Port Girls' Grammar School (now called The Whitby High School) on Sycamore Drive in Whitby, Ellesmere Port. She moved to Flixton in 1976, and has lived there ever since.
Hughes studied for a BSc in Social Science at the University of Manchester, graduating in 1971. After graduation she continued her studies at the University of Manchester, carrying out postgraduate research into the care of people with schizophrenia, for which she was awarded a Master of Science degree in 1978. She also gained a Diploma in Applied Social Studies in 1974 from the University of Liverpool. She worked as a probation officer in Merseyside from 1971-6.
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Brian Keaney
Brian Keaney is a British author born in Walthamstow, East London. He is an author of mainly young adult fiction, and currently resides in London where he continues work as an author.
Brian Keaney was born in 1954 in Walthamstow, east London, to Irish Catholic parents. He reported that he learned about narrative by listening to his mother who was a natural storyteller.
He attended a Catholic primary school in London which was run by nuns and a secondary school run by Jesuits. He did not enjoy his schooldays and reported that some teachers at his secondary school were over fond of administering corporal punishment . His favorite academic subject was English, although he also had an interest in History and Latin, particularly liking Latin poetry.
Keaney eventually pursued a career as an English teacher. A librarian at a school he was working at introduced him to young adult fiction, piquing his interest so that he decided to write his own.
Brian Keaney currently lives in London with his wife. He has two grown up daughters.
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Brian Millard
Brian Millard was a British local politician, and was the leader of Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council 2005-2007.
Millard attained a degree in Chemistry from the University of Sheffield, before attending the University of Liverpool to complete his doctorate.
He was the Liberal Democrat Leader of Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council (SMBC) from 2005 to 2007. As such he took political responsibility for all Executive Councillors' portfolios and deputizes for other Executive Councillors. Millard took over as leader of the council from Mark Hunter after Hunter's byelection success beating Stephen Day in 2005.
He died on 4 July 2009 at the age of 71 and had recently been elected Deputy Chairman of the local Fire Authority.
Until his death, Millard represented the Cheadle and Gatley Ward, he was re-elected on Thursday 4 May 2006 with a majority of several hundred votes.
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Charles Barkla
Charles Glover Barkla FRS (7 June 1877 to 23 October 1944) was a British physicist, and the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1917 for his work in X-ray spectroscopy and related areas in the study of X-rays (Roentgen rays).
Barkla was born in Widnes, England, and he studied at the Liverpool Institute and at Liverpool University. In 1899, Barkla went to Trinity College, Cambridge, as an Exhibition Scholar to work in the Cavendish Laboratory under the physicist J. J. Thomson. At the end of a year and a half, his love of music led him to move on to King's College, Cambridge, where he joined its chapel choir. He completed his bachelor of arts degree in 1903, and then his Master of Arts degree in 1907. No information seems to be available about when or where he earned a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree, but it is known that the great physicists J.J. Thompson (the discoverer of the electron) and Oliver Lodge were his doctoral advisors.
In 1913, after having worked at the Universities of Cambridge and Liverpool, and King's College, London, Barkla was appointed as a professor of natural philosophy at the University of Edinburgh, a position that he held until his death. Barkla married Mary Esther Cowell in 1907.
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Charles Sherrington
Sir Charles Scott Sherrington, OM, GBE, PRS (27 November 1857 – 4 March 1952) was an English neurophysiologist, histologist, bacteriologist, and a pathologist, Nobel laureate and president of the Royal Society in the early 1920s. He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian in 1932.
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Chris Lowe
Chris Lowe (born Christopher Sean Lowe, 4 October 1959) is an English musician, who, with colleague Neil Tennant, makes up the pop duo Pet Shop Boys.
Lowe attended Arnold School, an independent school in his home town of Blackpool, Lancashire. He also worked in the Solarium. While there, Lowe played trombone in a seven-piece dance band called One Under the Eight, that played old-time favourites like "Hello Dolly", "La Bamba" and "Moon River". Lowe's grandfather had been a trombonist and was a member of comedy jazz troupe The Nitwits. Lowe also became a skilled pianist.
Lowe studied architecture at the University of Liverpool from 1978. During a work placement in 1981 at a London architectural practice, he designed a staircase for an industrial estate in Milton Keynes. It was at this time that he met Neil Tennant in a hi-fi shop on the Kings Road in London.
Although Lowe has not been involved in many solo projects, in 1993 he wrote and produced the track "Do the Right Thing" for the footballer, Ian Wright (Lowe is a die-hard Arsenal F.C. fan). The song featured backing vocals by the long-time Pet Shop Boys’ backing singer, Sylvia Mason-James, and the single featured remixes by Rollo. In 2004 Lowe was commissioned to do music for an advertisement for the sunscreen brand Blockhead. The song ended up in a remixed version on a "Café Mambo" chill-out compilation. He has also written the music for the song "Streets of Berlin", featured in the revival of Bent at the Trafalgar Studios in Whitehall in 2006.
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Clive Barker
Clive Barker (born 5 October 1952) is an English author, film director and visual artist best known for his work in both fantasy and horror fiction. Barker came to prominence in the mid-1980s with a series of short stories which established him as a leading young horror writer. He has since written many novels and other works, and his fiction has been adapted into motion pictures, notably the Hellraiser and Candyman series.
Clive Barker was born in Liverpool, England, the son of Joan Rubie (née Revill), a painter and school welfare officer, and Leonard Barker, a personnel director for an industrial relations firm. Educated at Dovedale Primary School and the former Quarry Bank High School now Calderstones Quarry Bank High School, he studied English and Philosophy at Liverpool University. The Damnation Game and Volume 2 of The Books of Blood are dedicated to John Gregson[who?].
In 2003, Barker received The Davidson/Valentini Award at the 15th GLAAD Media Awards, presented "to an openly lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender individual who has made a significant difference in promoting equal rights for any of those communities". While Barker is critical of organized religion, he has identified himself as a Christian and has stated that the Bible influences his work.
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David Andrew Phoenix
David Andrew Phoenix OBE AcSS DSc was born in 1966 in Greater Manchester, England. After attending Turton High school, in Bolton he progressed to study Biochemistry at Liverpool University where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science. He remained at Liverpool to complete his Doctorate on penicillin binding proteins and after postdoctoral work in England and the Netherlands he began work at the University of Central Lancashire where he is now Deputy Vice Chancellor responsible for areas of strategic planning and performance across the University group.
David Phoenix read Biochemistry and obtained his Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Liverpool. This was followed by completion of a Doctorate, again in Biochemistry. He continued to study part time and went on to obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree from the Open University which focused on mathematics. Further study generated a Masters in Education and later a Masters in Business Administration. His contribution to the field of biochemistry was rewarded by the presentation of the degree of Doctor of Science from Liverpool University. This higher doctorate recognised his work into the importance of amphiphilicity in the localisation and function of bioactive molecules.
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David Weatherall
Sir David John Weatherall (born 9 March 1933) is a British physician and researcher in molecular genetics, haematology, pathology and clinical medicine.
His research concentrated on the genetics of the haemoglobinopathies and, in particular, a group of inherited haematological disorders known as the thalassemias that are associated with abnormalities in the production of globin (the protein component of haemoglobin). Weatherall is one of the world's experts on the clinical and molecular basis of the thalassemias and the application of this information for the control and prevention of these diseases in the developing countries.
Early life and education David Weatherall was educated at Calday Grange Grammar School and then graduated from the Medical School at the University of Liverpool in 1956. After house staff training, he joined the Army for 2 years. Returning from military service, he took a fellowship at Johns Hopkins University before returning to Liverpool, where he rose to the rank of Professor of Haematology.
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Declan McManus
Elvis Costello (born Declan Patrick MacManus, 25 August 1954) is an English singer-songwriter. He came to prominence as an early participant in London's pub rock scene in the mid-1970s and later became associated with the punk/New Wave genre. Steeped in word play, the vocabulary of Costello's lyrics is broader than that of most popular songs. His music has drawn on many diverse genres; one critic described him as a "pop encyclopaedia", able to "reinvent the past in his own image".
Costello has won multiple awards in his career, including a Grammy Award, and has twice been nominated for the Brit Award for Best British Male. In 2003, Elvis Costello & the Attractions were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked Costello number 80 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.
Costello was born Declan Patrick MacManus in St Mary's Hospital, London, the son of Lilian Alda (née Ablett, b. 1927, Liverpool) and Ross MacManus (1927–2011), a musician and bandleader. He is of Irish heritage. Costello lived in Twickenham, attending Hounslow Secondary Modern School, which is now St Mark's Catholic Secondary School, in neighbouring Hounslow. With a musically inclined father (who was a jazz trumpeter and sang with The Joe Loss Orchestra), Costello's first broadcast recording was alongside his dad in a television commercial for R. White's Lemonade (I'm a Secret Lemonade Drinker). His father wrote and sang the song; Costello provided backing vocals. The advertisement won a silver award at the 1974 International Advertising Festival.
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Doug Naylor
Douglas R. Naylor (born 1955) is a British comedy writer, science fiction writer, director and television producer.
Naylor was born in Manchester, England and studied at the University of Liverpool. In the mid-1980s, Naylor wrote two regular comedy sketch shows for BBC Radio 4 entitled Cliché and Son of Cliché, as well as Wrinkles for Radio 4. These sketch shows were scripted by Naylor along with another writer, Rob Grant. This writing partnership was successful with Naylor and Grant going on to co-write and produce numerous BBC television series throughout the 1980s and 1990s. These included programmes such as Comic Relief, Spitting Image, and The 10 Percenters.
The collaborations between Grant and Naylor have often used the pseudonym Grant Naylor. This collaboration is today best remembered for the creation of the British science fiction comedy television series, Red Dwarf (their earlier radio sketch shows formed the basis for the show; Chris Barrie starred in both those and Red Dwarf). This show went on to achieve global cult status.
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Drummond Bone
Professor Sir (James) Drummond Bone (born 11 July 1947) FRSE FRSA is a British Byron scholar and current Master of Balliol College, Oxford. Bone had previously served as Vice-Chancellor of the University of Liverpool from 2002 to 2008.
Bone attended Ayr Academy, a non-denominational secondary school, followed by the University of Glasgow, where he obtained an MA in 1968 and won a Snell Exhibition to study at Balliol College, Oxford from 1968 to 1972.
Bone is a specialist on the works of Romantic poet Lord Byron, and on leaving Oxford in 1972 became lecturer in English and Comparative Literature at the University of Warwick. He returned to Glasgow in 1980 as a lecturer in English Literature, becoming Senior Lecturer in 1989 and titular Professor in 1995. From 1991 to 1995, he was Dean of the Faculty of Arts, and in 1995 became Vice-Principal.
In 2000, he left Glasgow to become Principal of Royal Holloway, University of London and Pro-Vice-Chancellor of the University of London, and in 2002 became Vice Chancellor of the University of Liverpool. Although head of the University, he continued to teach an undergraduate class on Byron, and was also chairman of the Liverpool Culture Company, directing the city's preparations to be European Capital of Culture in 2008. He also served as President of Universities UK, a committee of university heads, from 2005 to 2007. He retired from Liverpool in 2008, and from October 2011 will be Master of Balliol College, Oxford.
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Edgar Allison Peers
Edgar Allison Peers (7 May 1891 – 21 December 1952), also known by his pseudonym Bruce Truscot, was an English Hispanist and educationist. He was Professor in Hispanic Studies at the University of Liverpool and is notable for founding the Modern Humanities Research Association (in 1918) and the Bulletin of Hispanic Studies (in 1934).
As "Bruce Truscot", a pseudonym kept secret until his death, Peers wrote three books offering a critical critique of the policies and problems associated with British universities, coining the term "red-brick university".
Peers was born on 7 May 1891 at Leighton Buzzard, the son of John Thomas Peers, a civil servant, and his wife, Jessie Dale, daughter of Charles Allison.
He was educated at Dartford Grammar School and Christ's College, Cambridge, where he was a scholar and prizeman. In 1910 he gained a second-class honours BA in English and French, an external degree of the University of London, and in 1912 he took a first in the medieval and modern languages tripos at Cambridge. Obtaining a teacher's diploma (first class with double distinction) from Cambridge in 1913, Peers taught modern languages at Mill Hill School, Felsted School, Essex and then at Wellington College. In 1920, he became a lecturer in Spanish at the University of Liverpool and in 1922 was appointed to the Gilmour Chair of Spanish at the University, where he remained for the rest of his life.
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F.E. Smith
Frederick Edwin Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead GCSI, PC, KC (12 July 1872 – 30 September 1930), best known to history as F. E. Smith (and also Galloper Smith), was a British Conservative statesman and lawyer of the early 20th century. He was a skilled orator, noted for his staunch opposition to Irish nationalism, his wit, pugnacious views, and hard living and drinking. He is perhaps best remembered today as Winston Churchill's greatest personal and political friend until Birkenhead's death at age 58 from pneumonia caused by cirrhosis of the liver.
Smith was born in Birkenhead in Cheshire and was educated at Birkenhead School. After two years at the University College of Liverpool, he went up to Wadham College, Oxford, in 1896, where he was a contemporary of the politician John Simon and the athlete C.B. Fry. He became President of the Oxford Union, where a bust of him now stands. He obtained only a Second in Mods before switching to Law, in which he obtained a First. However, to his disappointment, he only obtained a Second in his Bachelor of Civil Law degree. After winning a Fellowship of Merton College he taught law at Oxford until 1899, when he was called to the Bar at Gray's Inn, where the Birkenhead Award bears his name. The F.E. Smith Memorial Mooting Prizes commemorate him at Merton.
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Frances Crook
Frances Crook OBE is the Chief Executive of the Howard League for Penal Reform, the oldest penal reform charity in the United Kingdom.
After taking a history degree at Liverpool University, Frances Crook qualified as a teacher, working in secondary schools in Liverpool and London until 1980.
She was the campaigns co-coordinator at the British Section of Amnesty International from 1980 to 1985, and was twice elected as a Labour Councillor for East Finchley in the London Borough of Barnet, serving from 1982 to 1990, leading on housing and planning and holding weekly surgeries.
Appointed in 1986, she has been responsible for the Howard League's research programmes and campaigns to raise public concern about issues including suicides in prison, the over-use of custody, poor conditions in prison, young people in trouble and mothers in prison. Under her direction the number of staff and turnover of the charity has grown twenty-fold. The charity has secured a contract with the Legal Services Commission to provide legal advice to children in custody and has taken a number of successful judicial reviews that have improved the treatment of children and young people in custody and on release.
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Frank Irving
Frank Irving (7 April 1925 – August 2005) was a British aeronautical engineer, glider pilot, author and university Senior Lecturer.
Francis George Irving was born in Liverpool, United Kingdom. He attended St. Edward's College, and then Liverpool University.
Irving graduated from Liverpool University in 1944 with a First in Engineering. After graduation, he worked as a civilian flight test observer at the Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment at Boscombe Down, Wiltshire. In 1945 he completed the course for civilian observers at the Empire Test Pilots School.
He began lecturing in aeronautical engineering at Imperial College London in 1947 and continued until his retirement. He was Warden of Beit Hall, a hall of residence for students of Imperial College, from 1950 to 1975.
He eventually became a Senior Lecturer in the field of performance, stability and control of aircraft. He authored An Introduction to the Longitudinal Static Stability of Low-Speed Aircraft in 1966.
Irving became a member of the Royal Aeronautical Society in 1946 and was later elected a Fellow of the Society.
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Gordon Oakes
Gordon James Oakes (22 June 1931 – 15 August 2005) was a British Labour Party politician.
Oakes was educated at Wade Deacon grammar school, Widnes and at Liverpool University. A solicitor by profession, he became a councillor on Widnes Borough Council in 1952, serving as Mayor in 1964.
Oakes unsuccessfully contested Bebington in 1959 and Manchester Moss Side at a 1961 by-election. He served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Bolton West from 1964 to 1970 and for Widnes from a 1971 by-election until 1983, and for Halton from 1983 until 1997.
Oakes served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Home Secretary from 1966, and in the government of Harold Wilson as a junior minister and as a Minister of State under James Callaghan. He was made a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 1979. He left the Opposition front bench in 1983.
He was one of the MPs approached in the 1994 Cash-for-Questions affair, to which he responded "That is not how we do things here".
He died of cancer in 2005.
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Helen Marnie
Helen Marnie (born in 1978 in Glasgow, Scotland) is a member of the electronic music band Ladytron. She sings the majority of Ladytron's songs, with Mira Aroyo providing vocals on some songs (sometimes in her native Bulgarian) or singing simultaneously with Helen on others.
Helen also plays keyboards during Ladytron's live shows (most often using a Korg Delta) and is credited as a writer on Ladytron's albums.
Helen claims influences such as Kate Bush, Maria Callas, and Joni Mitchell.
Marnie is a classically trained pianist. She studied music at the University of Liverpool, where she received in 1999 a BA in pop music. Helen met the other members of Ladytron while studying in Liverpool.
In 2011, Helen Marnie got married. She lives in London, England. Her height is 168cm (5'6").
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Hossein Bashiriyeh
Hossein Bashiriyeh, is an Iranian scholar in political theory and political sociology, who was born in 1953 in Hamdan, Iran.
He has a B.A. from Tehran University, an M.A. from Essex University and a Ph.D. from Liverpool University, in Political Theories, he returned to Iran after the Islamic Revolution of 1979, and taught at several universities like Tehran University, Imam Sadegh University in Tehran and Bagherol-'Olum University in Qom. He resigned from Tehran University, where he was professor of political science. He is currently a professor of political science at the Maxwell School of Syracuse University [1].
During the last 15 years he has published 35 articles in Persian language journals published in Iran. These essays have all been assembled in Reason in Politics: 35 Essays on Political Philosophy and Sociology (referred to above). These articles deal with the following topics: Reason in Politics; Main Concerns of Political Philosophy; Theories of Tolerance; Philosophy of Justice; New Liberalism; The Frankfurt School and Habermas; The fate of Modernity; Ethical aspects of Art; Weber and Islam; Opposition in Democratic and Authoritarian Regimes; Consensus and Conflict; Anarchist Ideals in Political Development; Political Culture in the Pahlavi Period; Civil Society after the Revolution; Traditionalism as Counter-enlightenment in Iran; Class Struggles after the Revolution; Political Ideology and Identity-Building after the Revolution.
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Howard Newby
Sir Howard Joseph Newby CBE (born 10 December 1947) is the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Liverpool.
He grew up in Derbyshire, going to school in Etwall, before attending Atlantic College as a scholarship student.
He was vice-chancellor of the University of Southampton. His other academic posts include professor of sociology at the University of Essex and visiting appointments in Australia and the United States. From 1980-83 he was professor of sociology and rural sociology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
In August 2001, Sir Howard ended a two-year term as president of Universities UK, the UK body which represents the university sector. His year-long presidency of the British Association ended in September 2002. He was appointed as the Chief Executive of The Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) in October 2001. He is a director of the Universities Superannuation Scheme Limited, chair of trustees for the National Centre for Social Research.
Sir Howard has published many books and articles on social change in rural England and was for eight years a Rural Development Commissioner, a member of the Government body responsible for the economic and social regeneration of rural England. From 1983-88 he was director of the ESRC Data Archive, a national facility for storing and disseminating computerised datasets for use by researchers in the public and private sectors.
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Ian Kershaw
Sir Ian Kershaw, FBA (born 29 April 1943) is a British historian of 20th-century Germany whose work has chiefly focused on the period of the Third Reich. He is regarded by many as one of the world's leading experts on Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany, and is particularly noted for his monumental biography of Hitler, which has been called "soberly objective."
He was the leading disciple of the late West German historian Martin Broszat, and (until his retirement) professor at the University of Sheffield. Kershaw has called Broszat an "inspirational mentor" who did much to shape his understanding of National Socialist Germany. Kershaw served as historical adviser on numerous BBC documentaries, notably The Nazis: A Warning From History and War of the Century. He taught a module entitled 'Germans against Hitler'.
His wife Dame Betty Kershaw was a Dean at Sheffield.
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Jim Woodcock
Professor Jim C. P. Woodcock FREng FBCS is a British computer scientist.
Woodcock gained his PhD from the University of Liverpool. Until 2001 he was Professor of Software Engineering at the Oxford University Computing Laboratory, where he was also a Fellow of Kellogg College. He then joined the University of Kent and is now based at the University of York, where, from October 2012, he will be head of the Department of Computer Science.
His research interests include: strong software engineering, Grand Challenge in dependable systems evolution, unifying theories of programming, formal specification, refinement, concurrency, state-rich systems, mobile and reconfigurable processes, nanotechnology, Grand Challenge in the railway domain. He has a background in formal methods, especially the Z notation and CSP.
Woodcock worked on applying the Z notation to the IBM CICS project, helping to gain a Queen's Award for Technological Achievement, and Mondex, helping to gain the highest ITSEC classification level.
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Jon Snow
Jon Snow (born 28 September 1947) is an English journalist and presenter, currently employed by ITN. He is best known for presenting Channel 4 News.
He was Chancellor of Oxford Brookes University from 2001 to 2008.
Snow was born in Ardingly, Sussex. He is the son of schoolmaster and Bishop of Whitby, George D'Oyly Snow, grandson of First World War general Thomas D'Oyly Snow (about whom he writes in his Foreword to Ronald Skirth's war memoir The Reluctant Tommy), and cousin of retired BBC television news presenter Peter Snow.
Snow was educated at independent school, Ardingly College, where his father was headmaster. He later attended the independent St Edward's School in Oxford. At age 18 he was for a year a VSO volunteer teaching in northern Uganda.
After mixed success in his first attempt to pass his A level qualifications he moved to the Yorkshire Coast College, Scarborough, where he later obtained the necessary qualifications to gain a place studying law at the University of Liverpool. However, he did not complete the degree, being rusticated for his part in a student protest. However he was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Letters at Liverpool University in 2011.
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Joseph Rotblat
Sir Joseph Rotblat,KCMG, CBE, FRS (born Józef Rotblat on 4 November 1908, died 31 August 2005), was a Polish-born, British-naturalised physicist.
His work on nuclear fallout was a major contribution to the agreement of the Partial Test Ban Treaty. A signatory of the Russell–Einstein Manifesto, he was secretary general of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs from its founding until 1973. In conjunction with the Pugwash Conferences, he received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1995 for their efforts towards nuclear disarmament.
Józef Rotblat was born to a Jewish family in Warsaw, Poland, on November 4, 1908, as one of seven children (two not surviving childbirth). His father Zygmunt built up and ran a nationwide horse-drawn carriage business, owned land and bred horses. Józef's early years were spent in what was a prosperous household but circumstances changed at the outbreak of World War I. Borders were closed and horses requisitioned, leading to the failure of the business and poverty of their family.
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Leigh Lewis
Sir Leigh Lewis KCB (born 1951) is a retired senior British civil servant, who served as the Permanent Secretary for the British Department for Work and Pensions from 2006-2011.
Having graduated in Hispanic studies from Liverpool University, Leigh Lewis joined the then Department of Employment as an Administrative Trainee in September 1973. He became Director of Operations for the Unemployment Benefit Service in 1986.
On returning to the Department of Employment in 1991, he became Director of the International Division and later, in 1994, Director of Finance. He retained that post when the Department for Education and the Employment Department Group merged in July 1995.
Leigh Lewis was appointed as Chief Executive of the Employment Service following an open competition in January 1997. In January 2001 he was appointed Chief Executive of Jobcentre Plus, a new business of the Department for Work and Pensions. From April 2002 Jobcentre Plus brought together the Employment Service and those parts of the Benefits Agency which deal with customers of working age, into a single work focused organisation.
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Lytton Strachey
Giles Lytton Strachey ( /ˈdʒaɪlz ˈlɪtən ˈstreɪtʃɪ/; 1 March 1880 – 21 January 1932) was a British writer and critic.
A founding member of the Bloomsbury Group and author of Eminent Victorians, he is best known for establishing a new form of biography in which psychological insight and sympathy are combined with irreverence and wit. His 1921 biography Queen Victoria was awarded the James Tait Black Memorial Prize.
Strachey was born on 1 March 1880, at Stowey House, Clapham Common, London, the fifth son and the eleventh child of Lieutenant General Sir Richard Strachey, an officer in the colonial British armed forces, and his second wife, the former Jane Grant, who became a leading supporter of the women's suffrage movement. He was named "Giles Lytton" after an early sixteenth-century Gyles Strachey and the first Earl of Lytton, who had been a friend of Richard Strachey's when he was Viceroy of India in the late 1870s. The Earl of Lytton was also Lytton Strachey's godfather. The Stracheys had thirteen children in total, ten of whom survived to adulthood, including Lytton's sister Dorothy Strachey.
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Maeve Sherlock
Maeve Christina Mary Sherlock, Baroness Sherlock OBE is a Labour Party life peer who was the chief executive of the Refugee Council, a charity supporting refugees and asylum seekers in the UK, between August 2003 and October 2006. Prior to joining the charity, she worked as a special advisor to the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown MP. At the Treasury her brief covered social issues such as child poverty and welfare reform.
Sherlock has also been Chief Executive of the National Council for One Parent Families, Director of the education charity UKCOSA and is a former president of the National Union of Students. She was a trustee of the think tank Demos. She studied at the University of Liverpool in the 1980s, and is currently working on her doctorate in Theology at St Chad's College, Durham University, of which she is also an Honorary Fellow.
From 2007-2010 she was a commissioner of the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC). Sherlock chaired the National Student Forum from 2007 to 2010 and was a Non-Executive Director of the Child Maintenance and Enforcement Commission from 2008-2010. She has been on the board of the Financial Ombudsman Service since 2007.
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Margaret Simey
Margaret Bayne Todd (4 January 1906 - 27 July 2004) was a political and social campaigner born in Glasgow, but is usually more associated with Liverpool, settling there in the 1920s and becoming the first woman to achieve a degree in sociology. She married Tom Simey, a political scientist at Liverpool University; he was later awarded a life peerage by Harold Wilson, but she did not use the title "Lady Simey". They had one son.
She attended St Paul's Girls' School in London, and was involved, with Elsie J. Oxenham, in the British Camp Fire Girls' Association. Oxenham wrote the sixteen-year-old Simey into her novel Abbey Girls in Town and dedicated it to her; as a teenager, Simey had chosen "Thistle" as her Camp Fire name and later became known to herself and others as a "prickly customer".
She became well-known as a campaigner for the rights of the poor in Liverpool, served as a Liverpool City Councillor from 1963, was then a councillor on the now defunct Merseyside County Council from 1974, and was chair of the Merseyside County Police Committee at the time of the Toxteth riots in 1981, frequently coming into conflict with the then Chief Constable, Kenneth Oxford and gaining a reputation for being outspoken about topics in which she believed, usually championing the cause of the underdog against the establishment.
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Maxwell Fry
Edwin Maxwell Fry, CBE, RA, FRIBA, FRTPI, known as Maxwell Fry (2 August 1899 – 3 September 1987), was an English modernist architect of the middle and late 20th century, known for his buildings in Britain, Africa and India.
Originally trained in the neo-classical style of architecture, Fry grew to favour the new modernist style, and practised with eminent colleagues including Walter Gropius, Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret. Fry was a major influence on a generation of young architects. Among the younger colleagues with whom he worked was Denys Lasdun.
In the 1940s Fry designed buildings for west African countries that were then part of the British Empire, including Ghana and Nigeria. In the 1950s he and his wife, the architect Jane Drew, worked for three years on an ambitious development to create a new capital city of Punjab at Chandigarh.
Fry's works in Britain range from railway stations to private houses to large corporate headquarters. Among his best known works in the UK is Kensal House in Ladbroke Grove, London, aimed at providing high quality low cost housing, in which he collaborated with Elizabeth Denby to set new standards.
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Nick Grimshaw
Nicholas Peter "Nick" Grimshaw (born 14 August 1984), also known as Grimmy and G-Munni is a British television and radio presenter. He has presented shows for Channel 4, E4, BBC One, BBC Two and Channel 4 youth strand T4. Currently he appears on the television channel Channel 4 and hosts two radio shows on BBC Radio 1, on Mondays to Thursdays - 10 pm to Midnight, and on Sundays - 10 pm to Midnight with Annie Mac.
Born in St Mary's Hospital in Manchester, he was brought up in nearby Oldham and attended Our Lady's R.C. High School in Royton. Early work career included a Saturday job at Madeleine Lindley Ltd. Grimshaw attended the University of Liverpool, leaving in 2005.
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Olaf Stapledon
William Olaf Stapledon (May 10, 1886 – September 6, 1950) was a British philosopher and author of several influential works of science fiction.
Stapledon was born in Seacombe, Wallasey, on the Wirral Peninsula near Liverpool, the only son of William Clibbert Stapledon and Emmeline Miller. The first six years of his life were spent with his parents at Port Said. He was educated at Abbotsholme School and Balliol College, Oxford, where he acquired a BA in Modern History in 1909 and a MA in 1913. After a brief stint as a teacher at Manchester Grammar School he worked in shipping offices in Liverpool and Port Said from 1910 to 1913.
During World War I he served as a conscientious objector with the Friends' Ambulance Unit in France and Belgium from July 1915 to January 1919. On 16 July 1919 he married Agnes Zena Miller (1894–1984), an Australian cousin. They had first met in 1903, and later maintained a correspondence throughout the war. They had a daughter, Mary Sydney Stapledon (1920–), and a son, John David Stapledon (1923–). In 1920 they moved to West Kirby.
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Oliver Lodge
Sir Oliver Joseph Lodge, FRS (12 June 1851 – 22 August 1940) was a British physicist and writer involved in the development of key patents in wireless telegraphy. In his 1894 Royal Institution lectures ("The Work of Hertz and Some of His Successors"), Lodge coined the term "coherer" for the device developed by French physicist Édouard Branly based on the work of Italian physicist Temistocle Calzecchi Onesti. In 1898 he was awarded the "syntonic" (or tuning) patent by the United States Patent Office. He was also credited by Lorentz (1895) with the first published description of the length contraction hypothesis, in 1893, though in fact Lodge's friend George Francis FitzGerald had first suggested the idea in print in 1889.
Oliver Lodge was born in 1851 at Penkhull in what is now Stoke-on-Trent, and educated at Adams' Grammar School, Newport, Shropshire. He was the eldest of eight sons and a daughter of Oliver Lodge (1826–1884) - later a ball clay merchant at Wolstanton, Staffordshire - and his wife, Grace, née Heath (1826–1879). Sir Oliver's siblings included Sir Richard Lodge (1855–1936), historian; Eleanor Constance Lodge (1869–1936), historian and principal of Westfield College, London; and Alfred Lodge (1854–1937), mathematician.
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Oliver W F Lodge
Oliver William Foster Lodge (born Newcastle-under-Lyme 11 August 1878; died Cirencester 17 April 1955), was a poet and author; he was the eldest son of Sir Oliver Lodge (1851-1940), the physicist, and his wife Mary (née Marshall), who had studied painting at the Slade. His five brothers all qualified as engineers, so that he was the only one of the boys with literary leanings, although their uncle Sir Richard Lodge and their aunt Eleanor Constance Lodge both became distinguished academic historians. They grew up in Liverpool, close to Sefton Park, and frequented the Rathbone family of Greenbank House.
He was educated at Eastbourne College, Liverpool University and the University of Paris. He worked as an architect with Detmar Blow for some years, but otherwise lived on a private income provided by his father.
O. W. F. Lodge’s published works included What Art Is (1927); Six Englishmen (six tributes in verse, to Marlowe, Jonson, Shelley, Keats, Swinburne and William Morris); Summer Stories (1911), a collection of stories, prose poems and fables; Poems (210pp); Love's Wine Corked; a poem in twenty-four measures (1948); The Betrayer and other poems (1950); and The Things People Do, a collection of short stories published posthumously in 1966. He also wrote The Labyrinth: a tragedy in one act, based on Fair Rosamond by Thomas Miller (1847), which was first performed by The Pilgrim Players (which later became the Birmingham Repertory Company) in 1911 .
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Patricia Routledge
Katherine Patricia Routledge, CBE (born 17 February 1929) is an English character comedy actress and singer. She is best known for her role as character Hyacinth Bucket (supposedly pronounced "Bouquet") in the British television series Keeping Up Appearances and Hetty Wainthropp in the British television series Hetty Wainthropp Investigates. In addition to her roles in British television, she has a long and successful career in musical theatre, as well as in film.
Katherine Patricia Routledge was born in Tranmere, Birkenhead to parents Catherine and Isaac Routledge. Her father was a haberdasher, and, during WWII, the family lived weeks at a time in the basement of her father's shop. She was educated at Mersey Park Primary School, Birkenhead High School, now a state-funded Academy school, and the University of Liverpool. At Liverpool she graduated with Honours in English Language and Literature and was not on a path to pursue an acting career. She was, however, involved in the school's Dramatic Society where she worked closely with the academic Edmund Colledge who both directed and acted in several of the society's productions. It was Colledge who persuaded her to pursue an acting career. After graduating from Liverpool, she trained at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School and launched her acting career at the Liverpool Playhouse.
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Paula Byrne
Paula Byrne, born into a large working-class family in Birkenhead in 1967, is a British author and biographer most famous for her bestsellers Perdita: The Life of Mary Robinson and Mad World: Evelyn Waugh and the Secrets of Brideshead. Her debut book was the highly-acclaimed study of Jane Austen, Jane Austen and the Theatre, which was published in 2002 by Hambledon and reissued in paperback in 2007 by Continuum. Byrne has a PhD from the University of Liverpool. Before becoming an author, she taught in a grammar school and a further education college. She has been an honorary research fellow at Liverpool University and a Royal Literary Fund Fellow at the University of Warwick.
In 2005 her biography Perdita: The Life of Mary Robinson was featured on the Richard & Judy Book Club on Channel 4, propelling it into the Sunday Times bestseller list.
Her book Mad World: Evelyn Waugh and the Secrets of Brideshead was published by HarperPress in the UK in August 2009 and HarperCollins New York in the USA in April 2010. An excerpt was published in the Sunday Times of August 9 under the headline Sex scandal behind Brideshead Revisited. It has to do with Lord Beauchamp William, 7th Earl of Beauchamp, who was the father of Waugh's friend Hugh Lygon. Its stated thesis is "that the exiled Lord Marchmain [a character in Brideshead Revisited] was a version of Boom [Lord Beauchamp] and Lady Marchmain of the Countess Beauchamp, that the dissolute Sebastian Flyte was Hugh and other Lygon siblings matched other roles." The book, which Byrne describes in the preface as a "partial life," identifies other real-life bases for events and characters in Waugh's novel, though Byrne argues carefully against simple one-to-one correspondences, suggesting instead that Waugh combined people, places and events into composite inventions, subtle transmutations of life into fiction. An illustrated extract appeared in the April 2010 issue of Vanity Fair in advance of American publication.
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Peter Kilfoyle
Peter Kilfoyle (born 9 June 1946) is a British Labour Party politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Liverpool Walton from 1991 to 2010.
The eleventh of fourteen children born to an Irish Catholic family on Merseyside, Kilfoyle was educated by the Irish Christian Brothers at St. Edward's College in Liverpool; his father died when he was 10 years old. Obtaining 4 A-levels he went to the University of Durham, but left after a year becoming a labourer for five years. He qualified as a teacher at Christ's College in Liverpool. From 1975-1985, he worked as a teacher. From 1986-1991, he was North West Regional Organiser for the Labour Party, often opposing Militant.
Kilfoyle became the Labour Member of Parliament for Liverpool Walton by winning a by-election in 1991 after the death of the incumbent Eric Heffer. He supported Tony Blair in his 1994 leadership campaign.
When Labour came to power in 1997, Kilfoyle was initially appointed to an influential role within the Cabinet Office, with a licence to speak out in the media on the Government's behalf, and was later appointed a junior minister in the Ministry of Defence. But in 1999, he suddenly resigned, claiming the Blair Government was failing to pay enough attention to Labour's heartlands. He then became a vocal backbench critic of the Government for the remainder of his period in parliament. He spoke against government plans to replace Trident in the debate on 14 March 2007.
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Phil Redmond
Phil Redmond CBE (born 10 June 1949) is an English television producer and screenwriter.
He is well-known for creating several popular television series such as Grange Hill (BBC One, 1978–2008), Brookside (Channel 4, 1982–2003) and Hollyoaks (Channel 4, 1995—). For over twenty years he also ran his own independent production company, Mersey Television, before selling the company off in 2005. Redmond also created the daytime legal drama, The Courtroom which was canceled after 38 episodes.
In 1989, Redmond was awarded the post of Honorary Professor of Media Studies at Liverpool John Moores University, where he is encouraging a new, practically-orientated, media studies course.[citation needed]
In November 2010 he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Chester.
He was awarded the CBE (Commander of the Order of the British Empire) in the 2004 Queen's Birthday Honours List for services to drama.[citation needed]
In February 2012 Redmond declared in interest in running for the role of Elected Mayor of Liverpool.
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Rex Makin
Elkan Rex Makin, usually known as Rex Makin, is a solicitor and philanthropist who has practised in Liverpool, England, for over sixty years. He is most noted for his involvement with The Beatles' early career and subsequently high-profile cases such as the Hillsborough and Heysel Stadium disasters, the Walton sextuplets, and the re-opening of the Cameo Murders case. A freeman of the City of Liverpool, he has also supported the arts and holds an honorary professorship at Liverpool John Moores University. He also writes a weekly column in the Liverpool Echo.
Born in 1925, Makin is the only child of Joe and May Makin. His family moved to Liverpool in the 1850s and his great-great grandfather set up shop as a seamens' outfitter in Old Hall Street. His father was brought up on Park Lane in the Chinatown area of Liverpool, where he made and supplied trunks to seamen. Makin studied law at the University of Liverpool, gaining his LL.B in 1945 and LL.M in 1947.
Makin was the family solicitor to Brian Epstein, who in 1963 sought his advice on setting up a perpetually-binding contract between himself and The Beatles; however, Makin advised Epstein that such an agreement would be legally indefensible. He has been credited with inventing the term "Beatlemania". Following Epstein's death in 1967, Makin arranged his funeral.
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Richard Wagner
Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( /ˈvɑːɡnər/; German pronunciation: [ˈʁiçaʁt ˈvaːɡnɐ]; 22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) was a German composer, conductor, theatre director and polemicist primarily known for his operas (or "music dramas", as he later called them). Wagner's compositions, particularly those of his later period, are notable for their complex texture, rich harmonies and orchestration, and the elaborate use of leitmotifs: musical themes associated with individual characters, places, ideas or plot elements. Unlike most other opera composers, Wagner wrote both the music and libretto for every one of his stage works. Perhaps the two best-known extracts from his works are the Ride of the Valkyries from the opera Die Walküre, and the Wedding March (Bridal Chorus) from the opera Lohengrin.
Initially establishing his reputation as a composer of works such as The Flying Dutchman and Tannhäuser which were broadly in the romantic vein of Weber and Meyerbeer, Wagner transformed operatic thought through his concept of the Gesamtkunstwerk ("total work of art"). This would achieve the synthesis of all the poetic, visual, musical and dramatic arts and was announced in a series of essays between 1849 and 1852. Wagner realized this concept most fully in the first half of the monumental four-opera cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen. However, his thoughts on the relative importance of music and drama were to change again, and he reintroduced some traditional operatic forms into his last few stage works, including Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg.
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Rob Grant
Robert Grant is a British comedy writer and television producer, who was born in Salford and studied Psychology at Liverpool University for two years.
In the mid-1980s, Grant collaborated with co-writer Doug Naylor on radio programmes such as Cliché and its sequel Son Of Cliché, Wrinkles for Radio 4 and television programmes such as Spitting Image, The 10 Percenters, and various projects for Jasper Carrott.
The 'Grant Naylor' collaboration, as it had become known, was best known for the creation of the cult science-fiction comedy series, Red Dwarf, which evolved from Dave Hollins: Space Cadet, a recurring sketch within Son Of Cliché. Grant was briefly seen (uncredited) in an episode of Red Dwarf entitled "Backwards" (1989), as a man who 'un-smoked' a cigarette.
In the mid-1990s, the 'Grant Naylor' collaboration was ended when Grant left Red Dwarf after the sixth series, citing creative differences ("... it was basically 'musical differences' ...") with Doug Naylor. His main reason however, he said, was that he 'wished to have more on his 'tombstone' than Red Dwarf on its own'.
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Robin Saxby
Sir Robin Keith Saxby (born 4 February 1947) FREng was Chief Executive and then Chairman of ARM Holdings which he built to become the dominant supplier of embedded microprocessor architectures.
He was born in 1947 in Derbyshire, and educated at Chesterfield Grammar School, a boys' grammar school. He attended the University of Liverpool. He gained a BEng in Electronics in 1968.
Saxby had an electronics kit at the age of eight and a TV repair business at the age of 14. Reflecting on this in 2006, he considered himself "destined for the electronics industry". He worked at Rank Bush Murphy, Pye, Motorola and Henderson Security. Immediately prior to his appointment at ARM, he worked at European Silicon Structures.
In 1991 he joined Cambridge-based ARM as their first CEO and built it to "a global giant" with offices round the world. He was Chief Executive from 1991-2001, then Chairman from 2001-6.
He holds a BEng in Electronics and is a chartered engineer, HonFIET and FREng. He has an honorary doctorate from the University of Liverpool (where he is a visiting professor) and also from Loughborough University and the University of Essex.
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Rod I. McAllister
Rod McAllister RIBA FRSA (born 1961) is a British Architect.
McAllister read architecture at Girton College, Cambridge and University of Liverpool Schools of Architecture. He was a founding partner of King McAllister with Dave King, Liverpool; principal of McAllister Co, London; lecturer at Liverpool School of Architecture and visiting professor at University of Rome La Sapienza and has been a partner of Sheppard Robson, London since 2003.
Architects Dave King & Rod McAllister/King McAllister:
McAllister Co:
Sheppard Robson:
McAllister has produced and presented short documentary films for the RIBA Higher Education Design Quality Design Forum and co-designed products for Gallery Equipment, manufacturers of museum and art handling products in the UK.
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Rory Jennings
Rory Jennings (born 20 July 1983 in London, United Kingdom) is a British actor. He is best known for his role as Craig Dixon in the BBC soap opera, EastEnders. Jennings made his first appearance in Eastenders on 27 July 2007, and left on 7 September 2007. He has also made an appearance in a Post Office TV advertisement.
He has been acting since the age of ten. As a child actor he trained at the Sylvia Young Theatre School; he took a complete break from acting in 2001 to study Politics at the University of Liverpool.
Since his graduation in 2004, he has been acting regularly on screen, radio and in theatre, often in roles far below his actual age due to his youthful appearance.
His theatre credits include: Transgression (National Theatre), Gong Donkeys (Bush Theatre) and Heaven Eyes (Edinburgh Festival).
Jennings' drama credits includes: Urban Gothic (Urban Gothic Prods), Randall & Hopkirk (Deceased) (Ghost Productions), The Wings of Angels (BBC), The Affair (Anglia/HBO),Watch (Spelthorne Prod/BBC), Casualty (BBC), The Fast Show (BBC), Tom's Midnight Garden (BBC), All About George (ITV), Brief Encounters (BBC), Jericho (ITV), Doctor Who (BBC) and The Good Housekeeping Guide (BBC). Eastenders (BBC), The Bill (ITV) and in September 2008, he appears in "Harry and Paul" (BBC).
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Sanjay Jha
Sanjay K. Jha (born 1963) is the former chairman and chief executive officer of Motorola Mobility and previously served as the co-chief executive officer of Motorola. from 2008 to 2012 May 22nd, after Google completes acquisition of Motorola Mobility, Sanjay Jha steps down as CEO.
Jha was born in 1963. He received a Ph.D. in electronic and electrical engineering from the University of Strathclyde and a B.S. in engineering from the University of Liverpool.
On August 4, 2008 it was announced he would be the new CEO for the Motorola Mobile Devices business.
Before joining Motorola, Sanjay Jha was COO of Qualcomm and president of Qualcomm CDMA Technologies. As COO, Jha was overlooking Corporate Research and Development and Qualcomm Flarion Technologies (QFT) in addition to his role as president of QCT, the chipset and software division of Qualcomm Incorporated.
Before joining Qualcomm, Jha held lead design engineering roles with Brooktree Corporation in San Diego, and Hirst Research Centre in London.
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Sid Watkins
Eric Sidney Watkins OBE,FRCS, commonly known within the Formula One fraternity as Professor Sid or simply Prof (born September 6, 1928), is a world-renowned English neurosurgeon.
Watkins served twenty-six years as the FIA Formula One Safety and Medical Delegate, head of the Formula One on-track medical team, and first responder in case of a crash. Watkins was also known for his friendship with driver Ayrton Senna until the death of the latter.
He is married with four sons and two daughters.
Sidney Watkins was born in Liverpool, UK to Wallace and Jessica Watkins. Wallace was originally a coal miner from Gloucestershire, but had moved to Liverpool during the Great Depression of the 1930s where he started a small business initially repairing bicycles before progressing to motor vehicle repairs. Sid Watkins worked for his father at the garage until he was 25. He had two brothers and a sister.
Watkins graduated as a Doctor of Medicine from the University of Liverpool in 1956, during his time there he carried out research on the effects of heat stress on performance, finding that increased heat greatly affected intellectual performance. This research would later prove useful as part of his work in motor racing. Following graduation, he served with the Royal Army Medical Corps in West Africa for four years. There he competed in his only motorsport event, driving a Ford Zephyr Zodiac in the 1955 West African Rally, retiring from the event after the first stage. He returned to the UK in 1958 to specialize in neurosurgery at the Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford and it was in 1961 when he took up his first motorsport event in a medical capacity at a kart race at the Brands Hatch circuit. During his free time he acted as race doctor at the Silverstone Circuit.
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Sir Frank Kermode
Sir John Frank Kermode (29 November 1919 – 17 August 2010) was a British literary critic known for his work The Sense of an Ending: Studies in the Theory of Fiction, published in 1967 (revised 2000).
Kermode was known for many works of criticism, and also as editor of the popular Fontana Modern Masters series of introductions to modern thinkers. He was a regular contributor to the London Review of Books and The New York Review of Books.
Kermode was born on the Isle of Man, and was educated at Douglas High School and Liverpool University. He served in the Royal Navy during World War II, for six years in total, much of it in Iceland.
Kermode was a contributor for several years to the somewhat neoconservative magazine, Encounter and in 1965 became co-editor. He resigned in less than two years after it became clear that the magazine was funded by the CIA.
He subsequently pursued an academic career, becoming Lord Northcliffe Professor of Modern English Literature at University College London (UCL) from 1967 to 1974. Under Kermode, the UCL English Department chaired a series of graduate seminars which broke new ground by introducing for the first time contemporary French critical theory to Britain.
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Sir Howard Newby
Sir Howard Joseph Newby CBE (born 10 December 1947) is the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Liverpool.
He grew up in Derbyshire, going to school in Etwall, before attending Atlantic College as a scholarship student.
He was vice-chancellor of the University of Southampton. His other academic posts include professor of sociology at the University of Essex and visiting appointments in Australia and the United States. From 1980-83 he was professor of sociology and rural sociology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
In August 2001, Sir Howard ended a two-year term as president of Universities UK, the UK body which represents the university sector. His year-long presidency of the British Association ended in September 2002. He was appointed as the Chief Executive of The Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) in October 2001. He is a director of the Universities Superannuation Scheme Limited, chair of trustees for the National Centre for Social Research.
Sir Howard has published many books and articles on social change in rural England and was for eight years a Rural Development Commissioner, a member of the Government body responsible for the economic and social regeneration of rural England. From 1983-88 he was director of the ESRC Data Archive, a national facility for storing and disseminating computerised datasets for use by researchers in the public and private sectors.
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Sir Ronald Ross
Sir Ronald Ross KCB FRS (13 May 1857 – 16 September 1932) was a British doctor who received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1902 for his work on malaria. His discovery of the malarial parasite in the gastrointestinal tract of the Anopheles mosquito led to the realization that malaria was transmitted by Anopheles, and laid the foundation for combating the disease.
Ross was born in India, the eldest son of General Sir Campbell Claye Grant Ross of the British Indian Army and Matilda Charlotte Elderton. His grandfather, Lieutenant Colonel Hugh Ross, had malaria, and the boy resolved to find a cure for the disease. At the age of eight, he was sent to England for his education.
He commenced the study of medicine in London in 1875. He passed his final examination in 1880 and joined the Indian Medical Service in 1881. His first posting was in Madras. He commenced the study of malaria in 1892.
Ross studied malaria between 1882 and 1899. He worked on malaria at the Presidency General Hospital, Calcutta. Ross built a bungalow with a laboratory at Mahanad village, where he used to stay from time to time collecting mosquitoes in Mahanad and adjoining villages and conducting research. In 1883, Ross was posted as the Acting Garrison Surgeon at Bangalore during which time he noticed the possibility of controlling mosquitoes by controlling their access to water.
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Stella Rimington
Dame Stella Rimington, DCB (born 13 May 1935) is a British author, who was the Director General of MI5 from 1992 to 1996. She was the first female DG of MI5, and the first DG whose name was publicised on appointment. In 1993, Stella Rimington became the first DG of MI5 to pose openly for cameras at the launch of a brochure outlining the organisation's activities.
Born Stella Whitehouse in south London, England, Rimington's family moved from South Norwood to Essex in 1939, due to the danger of living in London during World War II. Her father got a job as chief draughtsman at a steel works in Barrow-in-Furness in Cumbria, and the family moved there after spending some time in Wallasey. When her father got a job in Ilkeston, Derbyshire, the family moved to the Midlands, where Stella attended Nottingham High School for Girls. She spent her last summer of secondary school working as an au pair in Paris, France, before enrolling at the University of Edinburgh in 1954 to study English. By chance, she met her future husband, John Rimington, whom she had known from Nottingham.
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Stephen Bayley
Stephen Paul Bayley (born 13 October 1951 Cardiff, Wales) is a British design critic, cultural critic and author.
Bayley spent his childhood years in Liverpool, attending Booker Avenue County Primary School and Quarry Bank High school (now known as Calderstones School). The latter was also attended at an earlier date by the late Beatle John Lennon. Growing up in Liverpool, Bayley was inspired by the city's architecture and its built environment.
He was later educated at Manchester University and the University of Liverpool School of Architecture.
He has worked as a museum curator. In the 1970s he was a lecturer in the history of art at the University of Kent, but first became prominent in the 1980s as an authority on style and design when Sir Terence Conran chose him to head up the Boilerhouse Project, at the Victoria and Albert Museum, the V&A, in London. This was Britain's first permanent exhibition of design and it was host to more than 20 exhibitions in five years including Ford Motor Co, Sony, Issey Miyake, Coca Cola and Taste. He then became Chief Executive of the Design Museum in London which grew out of the Boilerhouse Project.
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Steve Coppell
Stephen James "Steve" Coppell (born 9 July 1955) is an English former footballer and current director of football of Crawley Town FC.
As a player, he was a highly regarded right winger known for his speed and work rate. He won domestic honours with Manchester United and represented England at the World Cup. After a knee injury ended his playing career, he went into management.
He has managed Bristol City, Brighton & Hove Albion, Manchester City, Brentford and most notably Crystal Palace and Reading, with both whom he took from struggling towards the foot of the English second tier to both club's greatest ever successes in the league. He is also credited with discovering players such as Ian Wright, a striker he signed from non league football who became a household name and international footballer.
Coppell has a degree in economics which he gained at Liverpool University whilst playing for Manchester United.
At the age of 11, Coppell went to Quarry Bank Grammar School in South Liverpool, where musician John Lennon and footballer Joe Royle had previously been pupils. Just one year ahead of Coppell were Clive Barker, Les Dennis (Heseltine) and Brian Barwick, the Chief Executive of the FA since January 2005.
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Steve Firth
Steve Firth (born 2 February 1965) is the bass player for the English band Embrace.
He studied art at Liverpool University, and also completed a psychology degree.
He replaced original bass player J Senior in 1995.
He claims that he only found out about Embrace by chance, as he was looking in the music adverts section of a local paper as an old habit and had temporarily given up due to several failures in bands and now having a wife and full-time job, and was actually looking for a new suit as his cat had destroyed his best one.
In spite of his band's recent affiliation with football, he is believed to be the only member of the band who is largely interested, and supports Leeds United.
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Steve Voake
Steve Voake is a successful English children's author from Midsomer Norton, Somerset, whose books have sold all over the world.
In 2003 he was head teacher of a primary school in Kilmersdon, Somerset, when the BBC reported that he was being hailed as the next J. K. Rowling. A bidding war had broken out amongst publishers and film makers for the rights to his first novel, The Dreamwalker's Child. The deal he accepted with Faber and Faber enabled him to give up his teaching job to be a full-time writer.
Since then he has published eight books. A further four have been commissioned, including a new series with a U.S. publisher. The novelist and critic Amanda Craig has regularly praised his work. The Times often includes his books in its recommended lists of top children's books. The School Library Association has included one of his novels in its list of recommended books for boys.
He also contributed to the Higher Ground Project, a book featuring leading children's authors that was published to raise awareness of the Boxing Day Tsunami.
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The Times
The Times is a British daily national newspaper, first published in London in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register (it became The Times on 1 January 1788). The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times (founded in 1821) are published by Times Newspapers, since 1981 a subsidiary of News International, itself wholly owned by the News Corporation group headed by Rupert Murdoch. The Times and The Sunday Times do not share editorial staff, were founded independently and have only had common ownership since 1967.
The Times is the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, including The Times of India (1838), The Straits Times (1845), The New York Times (1851), The Irish Times (1859), the Los Angeles Times (1881), The Seattle Times (1891), The Daily Times (Malawi) (1900), The Canberra Times (1926), and The Times (Malta) (1935). For distinguishing purposes it is therefore sometimes referred to, particularly in North America, as the "London Times" or "The Times of London".
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Tony McNulty
Anthony "Tony" James McNulty (born 3 November 1958) is a former British Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Harrow East from 1997 to 2010 and was a government minister from 2002 to 2009. He was Minister for London and Minister of State for Employment and Welfare Reform at the Department for Work and Pensions. He resigned his position on 5 June 2009 after allegations in the press regarding his expenses.
McNulty's father migrated to England from County Donegal, Ireland. Tony McNulty was educated at the Salvatorian College on High Street in Wealdstone and at Stanmore Sixth Form College on Elm Park in Stanmore. He obtained a BA in Political Theory and Institutions from the University of Liverpool and an MA in Political Science from Virginia Tech in the United States. Before becoming an MP he was leader of the Labour group on Harrow council and a senior lecturer in Organisational Behaviour, at the University of North London from 1983-97. In 1986 Tony was elected to Harrow Council for Stanmore South ward. He ran in the 1992 General Election in Harrow East.
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Torben Betts
Torben Betts is an award-winning English playwright and screenwriter.
A consistently controversial dramatist, who has written heavily naturalistic plays as well as epic, poetic works, he has been hailed as a successor to writers as diverse as Alan Ayckbourn, Edward Bond and Howard Barker. Michael Billington in a review for the Guardian described his 1999 play A Listening Heaven 'like the best work of Edward Albee' and that it has 'an Eugene O'Neill-like emotional force.' His plays are essentially tragic in nature, though they are all notable for their often excruciatingly uncomfortable comedy. Seeing something of himself in the young Betts, Ayckbourn invited him to be his resident dramatist at Scarborough's Stephen Joseph Theatre in 1999.
Betts' play The Unconquered, in a touring production by the Stellar Quines Theatre Company, was Best New Play in the 2006-7 Critics Awards for Theatre in Scotland, beating Gregory Burke's acclaimed Black Watch to the award. It then went to New York as part of the 2008 Brits-off-Broadway season.
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Tsinghua University
Coordinates: 40°00′00″N 116°19′36″E / 40°N 116.32667°E / 40; 116.32667
Tsinghua University (Tsinghua, colloquially known in Chinese as Qinghua, is a university in Beijing, China. The school is one of the nine universities of the C9 League. It was established in 1911 under the name "Tsinghua Xuetang" or "Tsinghua College" and was renamed the "Tsinghua School" one year later. The university section was founded in 1925 and the name "National Tsinghua University" was adopted in 1928. With a motto of Self-Discipline and Social Commitment, Tsinghua University describes itself as being dedicated to academic excellence, the well-being of Chinese society and to global development. Tsinghua is almost always ranked as the first or second best university in mainland China in many national and international rankings. According to the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2011–2012, Tsinghua ranked 71 worldwide among universities.
Since American Secretary of State John Hay suggested that the US $30 million plus Boxer indemnity paid to the United States was excessive, in 1909, President Roosevelt then obtained congressional approval to reduce the Qing Dynasty indemnity payment by US$10.8 million, on the condition that the said fund was to be used as scholarship for Chinese students to study in the United States. Using this fund, the Tsinghua College Chinese: 清華學堂(Qīnghuá Xuétáng) was established in Beijing, China, on 29 April 1911 on the site of a former royal garden belonging to a prince. It was first a preparatory school for students later sent by the government to study in the United States. The faculty members for sciences were recruited by the YMCA from the United States and its graduates transferred directly to American schools as juniors upon graduation. In 1925, the school established its College Department and started its research institute on Chinese Study.
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Tung Chee Hwa
Tung Chee Hwa, GBM (born 7 July 1937, Shanghai, China) was the first Chief Executive and President of the Executive Council of Hong Kong since the transfer of sovereignty in 1997.
As the eldest son of Chinese shipping magnate Tung Chao Yung who founded Orient Overseas Container Line (OOCL), Tung took over the family business after the death of his father in 1981. Four years later, OOCL teetered on the edge of bankruptcy in 1985, and the business was saved by the government of the People's Republic of China through Henry Fok in 1986.
After the transfer of Hong Kong's sovereignty from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China, he became the first head of government on 1 July 1997, and took his unfinished second term in 2002.
Vast dissatisfaction among the public towards Tung grew through his tenure. In 2003, more than 500,000 protesters demanded that Tung step down. Tung resigned on 10 March 2005, three years into his second five-year term.
He is currently a Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Politics Consultative Conference. and remains active in public service. In 2008, he formed the China-United States Exchange Foundation, a group that aims to promote better understanding between the two countries.
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Verna Wright
Verna Wright (31 December 1928 - 31 January 1998) was an evangelist, physician and research scientist specializing in rheumatology at Leeds University and co-founder of United Beach Missions.
Wright studied medicine at Liverpool University, then spent two years at Stoke Mandeville Hospital. As an actively practising evangelical Christian, Wright helped to found United Beach Missions, an organization whose goal was to preach the Christian gospel message to holidaymakers in Llandudno. The organization, under his leadership, grew to over 3000 people, ministering on the beaches of Britain, France and Belgium. Wright was also named as Chairman for the youth outreach organization Young Life. Throughout his ministry work, Wright focused on the "grass roots" approach, which particularly appealed to his young audience.
After gaining his MD, Wright began lecturing at Leeds University for two years before becoming a research fellow at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore. In 1964 he returned to Leeds as a consultant physician and senior lecturer, where he helped establish a specialist rheumatology unit. His research was characterized by a multidisciplinary approach. including engineering and pharmacology. He is partly responsible for establishing the field of rehabilitation medicine as a speciality in its own right. Wright accurately predicted genetic links between different forms of arthritis prior to the development of laboratory tests which would later prove him correct.
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Victoria Derbyshire
Victoria Derbyshire (born 2 October 1968) is a British journalist and broadcaster, who currently presents the mid-morning news/current affairs & interview programme on BBC Radio 5 Live between 10am and 12noon each weekday. She is also an interviewer on the BBC News Channel.
Born in Ramsbottom, Lancashire, Derbyshire attended Bury Grammar School before going on to study English at the University of Liverpool. There she decided to take up journalism and attended a post-graduate diploma course in radio and TV journalism at the then Preston Polytechnic, now the department of Journalism, Media and Communication, University of Central Lancashire.
She then worked in local radio and joined BBC Radio 5 Live in 1998 as a co-presenter of the breakfast show with Julian Worricker. The programme won a Gold Sony Award in 1998 and 2002.
In January 2003, Worricker left the breakfast show and Derbyshire was partnered with Nicky Campbell. After maternity leave, she took over the morning news programme in August 2004. Derbyshire also works on a number of television programmes including: an interview series on the BBC News Channel "Victoria Derbyshire Interviews..", Watchdog, The One Show, Lorraine Kelly, The Club, Central Weekend, Faking It and The Apprentice - You're Fired. She also hosted a sports chat show on Channel 4 on Saturday mornings called SportsTalk. Derbyshire has been sent to cover some of the biggest global stories since joining 5 Live: 9/11, the Paris Concorde crash, general elections, World Cups and Olympic Games.
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Wade Barrett
Stuart Alexander "Stu" Bennett (born August 10, 1980) is an English professional wrestler. He is currently signed to WWE where he performs on its SmackDown brand under the ring name Wade Barrett. He won the first season of NXT in 2010 and made his Raw debut in June of that year, rising to prominence as the leader of the Nexus, a villainous stable composed of the NXT contestants. Barrett headlined five WWE pay-per-view events during the remainder of 2010, challenging for the WWE Championship in three of those.
After moving to SmackDown in January 2011, Barrett formed a new stable known as The Corre, which included former Nexus members. He challenged for the World Heavyweight Championship at the 2011 WWE Elimination Chamber and won his first singles championship, the WWE Intercontinental Championship, in March. Prior to his WWE debut, Barrett competed in various independent promotions under his own name, and the ring names of Stu Sanders and Lawrence Knight.
Bennett was born in Penwortham and lived in Preston, Lancashire until the age of six, when he moved to Wales with his family. He has an older brother named Martin. As a child, Bennett was a fan of "The British Bulldog" Davey Boy Smith. Before becoming a professional wrestler, Bennett was a bareknuckle boxer while living in Liverpool. Bennett has a degree in marine biology from University of Liverpool. He worked in a science laboratory and later as a Recruitment Consultant at Venn Group's London Office, whilst training to become a wrestler.
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Winifred Robinson
Winifred Robinson (born 1958, Liverpool) is a BBC Radio presenter working on the You and Yours programme. Robinson was the fourth of six daughters of a docker and a housewife. In 1979 she graduated from Liverpool University with a degree in English.
Robinson started her career on the Ormskirk Advertiser newspaper, but moved to local radio, and the local television news Northwest Tonight. She has also presented File on 4. Robinson became a reporter on the BBC Radio 4 Today programme in 1995, and briefly was a presenter, but was reportedly 'passed over' because of her Liverpool accent, an accusation the BBC has denied, and Sarah Montague was appointed.
Robinson then joined You and Yours, but continues to present documentaries on social issues, an area she previously tackled as a Today reporter. In 2007 Robinson revisited the Norris Green housing estate in Liverpool, where she spent most of her formative years, for a radio documentary. It is now an area faced with serious problems, and the area approximately 3 miles from where the murder victim Rhys Jones lived. Robinson has also written for the Daily Mail and The Independent newspapers.
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Wolfgang Rindler
Wolfgang Rindler (born 18 May 1924, Vienna) is a leading physicist working in the field of General Relativity where he is well known for introducing the term "event horizon", Rindler coordinates, and (in collaboration with Roger Penrose) for popularizing the use of spinors in general relativity. He is also a prolific textbook author.
Rindler was the son of a lawyer. Because of his Jewish ancestry, he fled before the Nazis to England in the course of the so called Kindertransport in 1938. Rindler gained his B.Sc. and M.Sc. from Liverpool University and his Ph.D. from Imperial College London. In 1956 he was at the Cornell University and starting with 1963 at the new founded Southwest Center for Advanced Studies, later called University of Texas at Dallas, where he is still (2012) professor. He was visiting scholar at King's College London (1961/62), at the University La Sapienza in Rome (1968/69), at the University of Vienna (1975, 1987), at the Cambridge University (Churchill College, 1990).
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The Liverpool MBA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:36
- Updated: 05 Sep 2012
University of Liverpool Management School students talk about their experiences on the Liverpool MBA programme. For more information visit www.liv.ac.uk
http://wn.com/The_Liverpool_MBA
University of Liverpool Management School students talk about their experiences on the Liverpool MBA programme. For more information visit www.liv.ac.uk
University of Liverpool Law School & Laureate Online Education
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:49
- Updated: 04 Nov 2012
Watch our latest interview with Professor Michael Dougan, Dean of the School of Law. Listen to Michael talk about the history and reputation of the University of Liverpool Law School, as well as the dynamic approach and design of the online LLM programmes. Request more information - www.liverpool-degrees.com
http://wn.com/University_of_Liverpool_Law_School_Laureate_Online_Education
Watch our latest interview with Professor Michael Dougan, Dean of the School of Law. Listen to Michael talk about the history and reputation of the University of Liverpool Law School, as well as the dynamic approach and design of the online LLM programmes. Request more information - www.liverpool-degrees.com
- published: 07 Apr 2011
- views: 916
- author: Laureateonline
UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL.wmv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:40
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/UNIVERSITY_OF_LIVERPOOLwmv
Helicopter Parents Dr Paul Redmond - University of Liverpool
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:56
- Updated: 11 Nov 2012
Helicopter Parents Paul Redmond (Head of Careers & Employability Service) Interview Friday 4th January 2008 - BBC 1 Breakfast Television.
http://wn.com/Helicopter_Parents_Dr_Paul_Redmond_University_of_Liverpool
Helicopter Parents Paul Redmond (Head of Careers & Employability Service) Interview Friday 4th January 2008 - BBC 1 Breakfast Television.
- published: 12 Jan 2008
- views: 6309
- author: John Birtwistle
University of Liverpool - Aerospace Engineering
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:16
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
A student talks about studying Aerospace Engineering at the University of Liverpool
http://wn.com/University_of_Liverpool_Aerospace_Engineering
A student talks about studying Aerospace Engineering at the University of Liverpool
- published: 07 Jul 2010
- views: 7260
- author: UofLTube
University of Liverpool - Library Facilities
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:47
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
Our library facilities are outstanding, find out more in this short interview with our User Services Manager, Laura Dunn
http://wn.com/University_of_Liverpool_Library_Facilities
Our library facilities are outstanding, find out more in this short interview with our User Services Manager, Laura Dunn
- published: 23 Sep 2009
- views: 1964
- author: UofLTube
University of Liverpool - Management School
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:59
- Updated: 10 Oct 2012
A student talks about studying in the Management School at the University
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A student talks about studying in the Management School at the University
- published: 16 May 2011
- views: 1790
- author: UofLTube
University of Liverpool Open Day, Careers Presentation Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:56
- Updated: 01 Apr 2012
University of Liverpool Head of Careers talks about the graduate jobs market and the employability of Liverpool graduates in relation to those from other universities.
http://wn.com/University_of_Liverpool_Open_Day,_Careers_Presentation_Part_1
University of Liverpool Head of Careers talks about the graduate jobs market and the employability of Liverpool graduates in relation to those from other universities.
- published: 30 Jun 2009
- views: 863
- author: UofLTube
searchMBA.com - benefits of The University of Liverpool's MSc in Project Management
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:29
- Updated: 18 May 2010
Project Management expert Rod Hewlett discussed the benefits of an online masters with the University of Liverpool & Laureate Online Education. All University of Liverpool online Masters Programmes are taught 100% online via the Internet, giving career professionals accessible higher education. www.searchmba.com
http://wn.com/searchMBAcom_benefits_of_The_University_of_Liverpool's_MSc_in_Project_Management
Project Management expert Rod Hewlett discussed the benefits of an online masters with the University of Liverpool & Laureate Online Education. All University of Liverpool online Masters Programmes are taught 100% online via the Internet, giving career professionals accessible higher education. www.searchmba.com
- published: 14 Apr 2010
- views: 337
- author: searchMBATV
University of Liverpool Facilities
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:15
- Updated: 04 Sep 2012
Students talk about the facilities available at the University of Liverpool.
http://wn.com/University_of_Liverpool_Facilities
Students talk about the facilities available at the University of Liverpool.
- published: 25 Jun 2009
- views: 10692
- author: UofLTube
University of Liverpool - Freshers Fair 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:56
- Updated: 28 Sep 2012
Freshers Fair 2011 at the University of Liverpool
http://wn.com/University_of_Liverpool_Freshers_Fair_2011
Freshers Fair 2011 at the University of Liverpool
- published: 15 Nov 2011
- views: 4439
- author: LSFilmmakers
University of Liverpool Open Day, Accommodation Presentation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:00
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
Head of Accommodaton Louise Hobson talks about the accommodation provision at the University of Liverpool.
http://wn.com/University_of_Liverpool_Open_Day,_Accommodation_Presentation
Head of Accommodaton Louise Hobson talks about the accommodation provision at the University of Liverpool.
- published: 30 Jun 2009
- views: 3581
- author: UofLTube
University of Liverpool - Medicine and Veterinary Science
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:58
- Updated: 04 Sep 2012
Tutors and students in the Faculties of Medicine and Veterinary Science at the University of Liverpool talk about studying at Liverpool.
http://wn.com/University_of_Liverpool_Medicine_and_Veterinary_Science
Tutors and students in the Faculties of Medicine and Veterinary Science at the University of Liverpool talk about studying at Liverpool.
- published: 25 Jun 2009
- views: 5028
- author: UofLTube
University Of Liverpool, England
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:50
- Updated: 28 Mar 2012
University Of Liverpool, England
http://wn.com/University_Of_Liverpool,_England
University of Liverpool - Career Prospects
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:54
- Updated: 18 May 2012
Watch various University of Liverpool students talking about their career plans for after they graduate.
http://wn.com/University_of_Liverpool_Career_Prospects
Watch various University of Liverpool students talking about their career plans for after they graduate.
- published: 12 Nov 2009
- views: 2792
- author: UofLTube
University of Liverpool Open Day - Advice from current students
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:04
- Updated: 07 Jul 2012
Current and prospective students talk you through what you can expect to find at a University of Liverpool Open Day.
http://wn.com/University_of_Liverpool_Open_Day_Advice_from_current_students
Current and prospective students talk you through what you can expect to find at a University of Liverpool Open Day.
- published: 23 Sep 2009
- views: 7069
- author: UofLTube
University of Liverpool - Dentistry
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:48
- Updated: 24 Feb 2012
A student talks about studying Dentistry at the University.
http://wn.com/University_of_Liverpool_Dentistry
A student talks about studying Dentistry at the University.
- published: 16 May 2011
- views: 2025
- author: UofLTube
University of Liverpool - My Liverpool
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:35
- Updated: 04 Sep 2012
Will Turner Roden gives you his view of Liverpool (filmed in Summer 2008).
http://wn.com/University_of_Liverpool_My_Liverpool
Will Turner Roden gives you his view of Liverpool (filmed in Summer 2008).
- published: 12 Nov 2009
- views: 5311
- author: UofLTube
University of Liverpool - Student Views
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:37
- Updated: 10 Oct 2012
Some of our current students explaining why they chose the University of Liverpool
http://wn.com/University_of_Liverpool_Student_Views
Some of our current students explaining why they chose the University of Liverpool
- published: 23 Sep 2009
- views: 13802
- author: UofLTube
University of Liverpool Online - Journey to Graduation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:34
- Updated: 13 Nov 2012
Request more information about the University of Liverpool's online masters - ar.gy Graduation is a truly inspirational event. We're always inspired by our graduates and their stories. Watch this short video as members of our Alumni share their experiences of studying with the University of Liverpool Online at their graduation in Liverpool. Discover more: www.liverpool-degrees.com
http://wn.com/University_of_Liverpool_Online_Journey_to_Graduation
Request more information about the University of Liverpool's online masters - ar.gy Graduation is a truly inspirational event. We're always inspired by our graduates and their stories. Watch this short video as members of our Alumni share their experiences of studying with the University of Liverpool Online at their graduation in Liverpool. Discover more: www.liverpool-degrees.com
- published: 11 Jul 2012
- views: 1067
- author: Laureateonline
![University of Liverpool [on:campus] March](http://web.archive.org./web/20121214064004im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/B5x_g1FnpLc/default.jpg "University of Liverpool [on:campus] March")
University of Liverpool [on:campus] March
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:26
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
This month [on:campus] looks at everything going on for fairtrade fortnight around campus. Including some awesome fairtrade food deals. Also if you're feeling peckish we you some of the great food deals on offer. We also catch up with Matthew from the Guild of students to give some info on how to stay safe when out and about on your mobile phone!
http://wn.com/University_of_Liverpool_oncampus_March
This month [on:campus] looks at everything going on for fairtrade fortnight around campus. Including some awesome fairtrade food deals. Also if you're feeling peckish we you some of the great food deals on offer. We also catch up with Matthew from the Guild of students to give some info on how to stay safe when out and about on your mobile phone!
- published: 01 Mar 2011
- views: 1023
- author: oncampuslivuni
University of Liverpool Open Day presentation by Danielle Grufferty, Guild President
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:17
- Updated: 25 Nov 2012
Danielle Grufferty, President of the University of Liverpool Students' Union (Liverpool Guild of Students) talks about the role of the Guild in student life.
http://wn.com/University_of_Liverpool_Open_Day_presentation_by_Danielle_Grufferty,_Guild_President
Danielle Grufferty, President of the University of Liverpool Students' Union (Liverpool Guild of Students) talks about the role of the Guild in student life.
- published: 29 Jun 2009
- views: 2010
- author: UofLTube
University of Liverpool Science and Engineering
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:32
- Updated: 27 Aug 2010
Students and tutors in the Faculties of Science and Engineering talk about studying at the University of Liverpool.
http://wn.com/University_of_Liverpool_Science_and_Engineering
Students and tutors in the Faculties of Science and Engineering talk about studying at the University of Liverpool.
- published: 25 Jun 2009
- views: 2244
- author: UofLTube
photo: AP / Manu Brabo
13 Dec 2012
MOSCOW, December 13 (RIA Novosti) – Syrian rebels behind the kidnapping of Ukrainian journalist Ankhar Kochneva have released a video threatening more attacks on Russians and Ukrainians, as a deadline for her execution approaches on Thursday. Kochneva, a 40-year-old Ukrainian citizen, was abducted in October by Syrian rebels as she traveled to the city of Homs, and has been held there by them since, they claim....(size: 2.1Kb)
photo: UN / Eric Kanalstein
11 Dec 2012
Afghan women victims of violence are still being failed by the justice system, according to a new UN report. Although there had been some progress in implementing a 2009 anti-violence law, overall use of the law "remained low", the report says. Cultural pressures and inconsistent police practices are hampering implementation of the law, it added ... 'Tip of the iceberg' ... Afghan victims of sexual abuse rarely speak out....(size: 2.5Kb)
photo: AP / Lee Jin-man
13 Dec 2012
The head of the internet giant Google has defiantly defended his company’s tax avoidance strategy claiming he was “proud” of the steps it had taken to cut its tax bill which were just “capitalism”. In an interview in New York Eric Schmidt, Google’s Chairman, confirmed the company had no intention of paying more to the UK exchequer ... “I am very proud of the structure that we set up....(size: 3.7Kb)
photo: AP / Bullit Marquez
11 Dec 2012
Undersecretary Benito Ramos, executive director of the NDRRMC, said that as of latest count, there were 714 recovered bodies, 257 of them remained unidentified, while 890 remained missing and 1,906 were injured due to the havoc wrought by “Pablo.” ... Of the number of affected families, a total of 25,812 families or 116,404 individuals remained inside 134 evacuation centers....(size: 5.4Kb)
photo: Russian Presidential Press and Information Office
12 Dec 2012
Putin said in his first annual state-of-the-nation address since he returned to the Kremlin for a third term that it should be illegal for anyone who receives money from abroad to be a politician in Russia ... Putin also said parliament should introduce legislation to "limit the rights" of officials and politicians to have foreign bank accounts and shares....(size: 3.9Kb)
noodls
13 Dec 2012
The University of Liverpool) ... Scientists at the University of Liverpool have found that male mice produce a pheromone that provokes females and competitor males to remember a preference for the place where the pheromone was previously encountered ... Dr Sarah Roberts, from the University's Institute of Integrative Biology, said ... This noodl was issued by The University of Liverpool and was initially posted at www.liv.ac.uk....(size: 4.3Kb)
noodls
13 Dec 2012
The University of Liverpool) ... The University of Liverpool's iconic Victoria Building was officially opened 120 years ago today ... `Lord Spencer as Chancellor of Victoria University, opened the Victoria Building of University College, Liverpool ... This noodl was issued by The University of Liverpool and was initially posted at www.liv.ac.uk....(size: 4.8Kb)
noodls
12 Dec 2012
The University of Liverpool) ... The University of Liverpool, with Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), has doubled its Research Council grant awards and climbed 12 places in the sector rankings for the total amount of funding secured, according to a report by the Times Higher Education ... This noodl was issued by The University of Liverpool and was initially posted at www.liv.ac.uk....(size: 3.6Kb)
noodls
11 Dec 2012
The University of Liverpool) ... Dr Gemma Catney is Leverhulme Trust Early Career Research Fellow in the University of Liverpool' s Department of Geography and Planning. "Growth in the number of households of mixed ethnic groups reflects integration at ... This noodl was issued by The University of Liverpool and was initially posted at www.liv.ac.uk....(size: 2.1Kb)
noodls
10 Dec 2012
The University of Liverpool) ... Frank Cottrell Boyce, the acclaimed writer behind the London 2012 Olympic Games Opening Ceremony, will be honoured by the University of Liverpool, alongside Rodney Holmes, who led the £1 billion Liverpool ONE regeneration programme ... Rodney Holmes was instrumental in the emergence of Liverpool ONE ... This noodl was issued by The University of Liverpool and was initially posted at www.liv.ac.uk....(size: 2.8Kb)
noodls
06 Dec 2012
Costas Milas is Professor of Finance at the University of Liverpool's Management School. "Chancellor George Osborne should only worry if net government debt hits 80% of GDP in 2013 and even further if Britain drops its European Union membership." ... This noodl was issued by The University of Liverpool and was initially posted at www.liv.ac.uk ... The issuer is solely responsible for the accuracy of the information contained therein.....(size: 4.0Kb)
noodls
05 Dec 2012
Research by the University of Liverpool found that local authorities in England that saw the greatest rise in prosperity between 1998-2007 experienced greater rises in life expectancy, but the gap in life expectancy between the rich and poor in England widened during this time ... This noodl was issued by The University of Liverpool and was initially posted at www.liv.ac.uk....(size: 4.0Kb)
noodls
03 Dec 2012
The University of Liverpool's Management School has been recognised by one of the world's leading business school accreditation organisations - the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) ... "We warmly congratulate the University of Liverpool and welcome it into the AACSB family of internationally accredited business schools....(size: 4.8Kb)
noodls
29 Nov 2012
Scientists at the University of Liverpool have deciphered the genetic code of wheat to help crop breeders increase yield and produce varieties that are better suited to a changing environment ... The Liverpool team, at the University's Centre for Genomic ... This noodl was issued by The University of Liverpool and was initially posted at www.liv.ac.uk....(size: 5.1Kb)
noodls
26 Nov 2012
Researchers at the University of Liverpool have developed a computer-based test that could help heavy drinkers reduce their alcohol consumption ... Professor Matt Field, from the University's Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, said ... This noodl was issued by The University of Liverpool and was initially posted at www.liv.ac.uk....(size: 4.0Kb)
noodls
23 Nov 2012
"The mighty docks of Liverpool represented a gateway". The President of Ireland, Michael D Higgins, delivered the fifth John Kennedy lecture at the University's Institute of Irish Studies. His lecture, `Liverpool and its Irish Migrants', explored the links the city of Liverpool has with Ireland ... This noodl was issued by The University of Liverpool and was initially posted at www.liv.ac.uk....(size: 2.8Kb)
noodls
21 Nov 2012
The University of Liverpool has joined with other leading North West universities, the North West Aerospace Alliance and BAE Systems, to launch the £9.1M Growing Autonomous Mission Management Applications (GAMMA) programme ... The University's School of ... This noodl was issued by The University of Liverpool and was initially posted at www.liv.ac.uk....(size: 2.9Kb)
noodls
21 Nov 2012
Scientists at the University of Liverpool are leading a £1.5 million project to study `immunoglobulin', a type of drug which has been shown to ease complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). The team, from the University of Liverpool and the Walton Centre, who ... This noodl was issued by The University of Liverpool and was initially posted at www.liv.ac.uk....(size: 3.9Kb)
Not to be confused with Liverpool John Moores University or Liverpool Hope University.
 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2007) |
| University of Liverpool | |
|---|---|
| File:UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL COAT OF ARMS.png Coat of Arms of the University of Liverpool |
|
| Motto | "These days of peace foster learning" |
| Established | 1903 – University of Liverpool[1] 1884 – gained University Status as part of Victoria University[1] 1882 – University College Liverpool[2] |
| Type | Public |
| Endowment | £121 million[3] |
| Chancellor | Professor Sir David King |
| Vice-Chancellor | Sir Howard Newby |
| Visitor | The Lord President of the Council ex officio |
| Students | 20,655[4] |
| Undergraduates | 16,805[4] |
| Postgraduates | 3,860[4] |
| Location | Liverpool, England, UK Coordinates: 53°24′22″N 2°58′01″W / 53.406°N 2.967°W / 53.406; -2.967 |
| Campus | Urban |
| Affiliations | Russell Group, EUA, N8 Group, NWUA |
| Website | www.liv.ac.uk |
| University of Liverpool official logo | |
| Official Logo of the University of Liverpool | |
The University of Liverpool is a teaching and research university in the city of Liverpool, England. It is a member of the Russell Group of large research-intensive universities and the N8 Group for research collaboration. Founded in 1881 (as a university college), it is also one of the six original "red brick" civic universities. The university has produced nine Nobel Prize winners and offers more than 230 first degree courses across 103 subjects. It has an annual turnover of £340 million, including £123 million for research.[5]
Contents |
History[link]
The University was established in 1881 as University College Liverpool, admitting its first students in 1882.[2] In 1884, it became part of the federal Victoria University. In 1894 Oliver Lodge, a professor at the University, made the world's first public radio transmission and two years later took the first surgical X-ray in the United Kingdom.[6] The Liverpool University Press was founded in 1899, making it the third oldest university press in England. Students in this period were awarded external degrees by the University of London.[7]
Following a Royal Charter and Act of Parliament in 1903, it became an independent university with the right to confer its own degrees called the University of Liverpool. The next few years saw major developments at the university, including Sir Charles Sherrington's discovery of the synapse and Professor William Blair-Bell's work on chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer. In the 1930s to 1940s Professors Sir James Chadwick and Sir Joseph Rotblat made major contributions to the development of the atomic bomb.[8] From 1943 – 1966 Allan Downie, Professor of Bacteriology, was involved in the eradication of smallpox.
In 1994 the university was a founding member of the Russell Group, a collaboration of twenty leading research-intensive universities, as well as a founding member of the N8 Group in 2004. In the 21st century physicists, engineers and technicians from the University of Liverpool were involved in the construction of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, working on two of the four detectors in the LHC.[9]
The University has produced eight Nobel Prize winners, from the fields of science, medicine and peace. The Nobel laureates include the physician Sir Ronald Ross, physicist Professor Charles Barkla, the physiologist Sir Charles Sherrington, physicist Sir James Chadwick, chemist Sir Robert Robinson, physiologist Professor Har Gobind Khorana, physiologist Professor Rodney Porter and physicist Professor Joseph Rotblat. Sir Ronald Ross was also the first British Nobel laureate in 1902.
The term "red brick" was first coined by Liverpool professor Edgar Allison Peers (writing as Bruce Truscot) to describe the red brick built civic universities that were built in the UK, mostly in the latter part of the 19th century; these were characterised by Victorian buildings of red brick, such as Victoria Building, which was historically the administrative heart of the University.
Present[link]
Liverpool has the sixth largest financial endowment of any UK university, valued at £110m, according to the Sutton Trust.[10] It is a member of the Russell Group of Universities and a founding member of the Northern Consortium. The University has over 23,000 registered students, with almost 18,000 full-time registered students. The University has a broad range of teaching and research in both arts and sciences, and has a large medical school, which is associated with the neighbouring Royal Liverpool University Hospital. In September 2008, Sir Howard Newby took up the post of Vice-Chancellor of the University, following the retirement of Sir Drummond Bone.
The University has a Students' union to represent students' interests, known as the Liverpool Guild of Students.
Whilst Liverpool has a total of five universities, the colloquial term Liverpool University commonly refers to the University of Liverpool rather than any of the other four: Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool John Moores University, Edge Hill University, or LIPA.
Campus and facilities[link]
The University is mainly based around a single urban campus approximately five minutes walk from Liverpool City Centre, at the top of Brownlow Hill and Mount Pleasant. The main site is divided into three faculties: Health and Life Sciences; Humanities and Social Sciences; and Science and Engineering. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Leahurst) and Ness Botanical Gardens are based on the Wirral Peninsula. There was formerly a research station at Port Erin on the Isle of Man until it closed in 2006. The Johnston Laboratories, a pathology research facility of repute during much of the 20th century, is now the biochemistry department of the university.
Academic reputation[link]
In the Times Good University Guide 2011, the University of Liverpool was ranked 28th.[29]
In the Complete University Guide 2008, published in The Independent, the University of Liverpool was ranked 1st out of 113, based on nine measures,[11] while The Times Good University Guide 2008 ranked Liverpool 34th out of 113 universities.[12] The Sunday Times university guide recently ranked the University of Liverpool 27th out of 123.[13] In 2010, "The Sunday Times has ranked University of Liverpool 29th [3] of 122 institutions nationwide. In 2008 the THE-QS World University Rankings rated University of Liverpool 99th best in the world, and 137th best worldwide in 2009. In 2011 the QS World University Rankings[14] ranked the university in 123rd place, up 14. Times Higher Education are publishing a separate ranking soon.
| 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Times Good University Guide | 28th[15] | 28th[16] | 28th[17] | 39th[18] | 41st | 41st=[19] | 42nd[20] | 38th | 37th= | 40th | 40th | 38th=[21] | 32nd | 38th | 24th= | 22nd= | 28th= | 19th= | |
| Guardian University Guide | 39th[22] | 47th[22] | 44th[23] | 36th[24] | 47th | 47th[25] | 45th[26] | 43rd[27] | 37th[28] | ||||||||||
| Sunday Times University Guide | 30th[29] | 27th[30] | 31st[31] | 29th[31] | 36th[32] | 31st[32]= | 33rd[32] | 31st[32] | 34th[32] | 32nd[32] | 29th[32]= | ||||||||
| Daily Telegraph | 41st[33] | 33rd | |||||||||||||||||
| The Independent / Complete | 32nd[34] | 34th[34] | 42nd[35] | 41st[35] | |||||||||||||||
| The Financial Times | 35th[36] | 32nd[37] | 36th[38] | 36th[39] | |||||||||||||||
| QS World University Rankings[14] | 123rd[40] | 121st[41] | 137th | 133rd | 101st | 139th | 139th |
Green issues[link]
In 2008 the University of Liverpool was voted joint seventeenth greenest university in Britain by WWF supported company Green League.[42] This represents an improvement after finishing 55th in the league table the previous year.[43]
The position of the university is determined by point allocation in departments such as Transport, Waste management, sustainable procurement and Emissions amongst other categories; these are then transpired into various awards.[44] Liverpool was awarded the highest achievement possible in Environmental policy, Environmental staff, Environmental audit, Fair trade status, Ethical investment policy and Waste recycled whilst also scoring points in Carbon emissions, Water recycle and Energy source.[citation needed]
Liverpool was the first among UK universities to develop their desktop computer power management solution, which has been widely adopted by other institutions.[45] The university has subsequently piloted other advanced software approaches further increasing savings.[46] The university has also been at the forefront of using the Condor HTC computing platform in a power saving environment. This software, which makes use of unused computer time for computationally intensive tasks usually results in computers being left turned on. The university[47] has demonstrated an effective solution for this problem using a mixture of Wake-on-LAN and commercial power management software.[48]
Sport[link]
The University of Liverpool has a proud sporting tradition and has many premier teams in a variety of sports. The current sporting project comes under the title of Sport Liverpool and offers nearly 50 different sports ranging from football, rugby, cricket and hockey to others such as windsurfing, lacrosse and cheerleading. Many of the sports have both male and female teams and most are involved in competition on a national scale. BUCS[49] is the body which organises national university competitions involving 154 institutions in 47 sports. Most sports involve travelling to various locations across the country, mainly on Wednesday afternoons.
Two other prominent competitions are the Christie Championships[50] and the Varsity Cup. The Christie Cup is an inter-university competition between Liverpool, Leeds and Manchester. The Varsity Cup is a popular "derby" event between Liverpool John Moores University and the University of Liverpool.
Notable alumni[link]
See also: Alumni of the University of Liverpool
- Dr Barham Ahmad Salih, Prime Minister of Kurdistan Regional Government
- Sanjay Jha, Co-CEO Motorola,Inc. and CEO of Motorola's Mobile Devices business.
- Clive Barker
- Charles Barkla, Physicist and Nobel Laureate
- Stephen Bayley
- Torben Betts, award-winning playwright
- Roger Bolton, broadcaster and television producer
- Paula Byrne
- Steve Coppell, footballer and manager
- Alexander Critchley M.P. for Liverpool Edge Hill 1893 -1943.
- Barry Horne (footballer), journalist and pundit
- Frances Crook
- Victoria Derbyshire
- Carol Ann Duffy, Poet Laureate
- Steve Firth, musician
- Maxwell Fry, modernist architect
- Rob Grant
- Nick Grimshaw
- Brian Hall, footballer
- Lord William Holford, architect & town planner
- John Holt, physicist
- Beverley Hughes MP PC
- Dr Robert Roland Hughes, pioneer in Neuroscience and Electroencephalography
- Frank Irving, aeronautical engineer, glider pilot and author
- Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara, First President and Prime Minister of The Gambia
- Rory Jennings, actor
- Syed Kamall
- Brian Keaney, children's author
- Sir Frank Kermode, literary critic
- Professor Sir Ian Kershaw, historian
- Peter Kilfoyle
- Robert Legget
- Sir Leigh Lewis, permanent secretary
- Oliver W F Lodge
- Chris Lowe, musician
- Diarmaid MacCulloch, historian
- Rex Makin, solicitor and philanthropist
- Helen Marnie, member of the band Ladytron
- Anna Maxwell Martin
- Rod I. McAllister
- Declan McManus (Honorus Causa)
- Tony McNulty (Labour Minister)
- Brian Millard, leader of Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council from 2005 to 2007
- Margaret Murphy, crime writer and winner of First Blood Award
- Doug Naylor C0-Creator of Red Dwarf
- Sir John Neale, historian of Tudor England
- Ernest Newman, music critic and biographer of Wagner
- Lord Nicholls, retired Law Lord
- Gordon Oakes
- Stel Pavlou
- David Andrew Phoenix OBE, Biochemist
- Dee Plume and Sue Denim, musicians from the band Robots in Disguise
- Phil Redmond, television producer
- Wolfgang Rindler, physicist
- Dame Stella Rimington, Director-General of MI5
- Winifred Robinson, broadcaster
- Patricia Routledge, actress
- Amha Selassie of Ethiopia
- Sir Robin Saxby
- Maeve Sherlock OBE
- Margaret Simey, social and political campaigner
- F.E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead
- Martin Smith, vehicle designer
- Jon Snow, Channel 4 television news presenter
- Olaf Stapledon, novelist and philosopher
- Sir James Stirling, architect
- Lytton Strachey, biographer and essayist
- Sir Michael Thompson, academic
- Steve Voake, children's author
- Tung Chee Hwa, first Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
- Baroness Walmsley, politician
- "Professor" Sid Watkins, former Formula 1 chief medical officer
- Sir David Weatherall, Regius Professor of Medicine (Oxford), 1992–2000
- Laurence Westgaph, social historian and activist
- Jim Woodcock, Professor of software engineering
- Hossein Bashiriyeh, Iranian professor of Political science
- Verna Wright, evangelist, physician and research scientist
- Wade Barrett, wrestler and former WWE Intercontinental Champion
Nobel Prize winners[link]
There have been nine Nobel Prize Laureates who have been based at the University during a significant point in their career.
- Sir Ronald Ross (awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1908) for his work with malaria.
- Professor Charles Barkla (awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1917) for discovering the electromagnetic properties of X-rays.
- Sir Charles Sherrington (awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine in 1932) for his research into neurons.
- Sir James Chadwick (awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1935) for discovering neutrons.
- Sir Robert Robinson (awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1947) for his research into anthocyanins and alkaloids.
- Professor Har Gobind Khorana (awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine in 1968) for his work on the interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis.
- Professor Rodney Porter (awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine in 1972) for his discovery of the structure of antibodies.
- Professor Joseph Rotblat (awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1995) for his efforts with nuclear disarmament.
See also[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: University of Liverpool |
- Liverpool Knowledge Quarter
- Russell Group
- Liverpool University Press
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital
- Liverpool University School of Architecture
- List of modern universities in Europe (1801–1945)
References[link]
- ^ a b University of Manchester Act 2004. Opsi.gov.uk (4 July 2011). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
- ^ a b "History of the University". University of Liverpool. 27 March 2007. http://www.liv.ac.uk/about/history/. Retrieved 10 September 2007.
- ^ http://www.liv.ac.uk/finance/Attachments/Annual_Accounts_2009-2010.pdf
- ^ a b c "Table 0a – All students by institution, mode of study, level of study, gender and domicile 2006/07" (Microsoft Excel spreadsheet). Higher Education Statistics Agency. http://www.hesa.ac.uk/dox/dataTables/studentsAndQualifiers/download/institution0607.xls. Retrieved 10 April 2008.
- ^ Accessed 25 September 2009. Liverpool University. Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
- ^ Accessed 12 May 2009[dead link]
- ^ "Student lists". http://www.shl.lon.ac.uk/specialcollections/archives/studentrecords.shtml. Retrieved 11 October 2010.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ Accessed 12 May 2009. Liverpool University. Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
- ^ "University Fundraising – an Update" (PDF). The Sutton Trust. December 2006. Archived from the original on 28 June 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070628024541/http://www.suttontrust.com/reports/UniversityFundraisingDec06.pdf. Retrieved 22 November 2007.
- ^ The Independent newspaper, 24 April 2008
- ^ The Times: http://extras.timesonline.co.uk/gug/gooduniversityguide.php
- ^ The Times: http://extras.timesonline.co.uk/stug/universityguide.php. 23 May 2008
- ^ a b "topuniversities.com". http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2011?page=2.
- ^ "The Times Good University Guide 2011". The Good University Guide (London). http://extras.thetimes.co.uk/gooduniversityguide/institutions/. Retrieved 7 May 2010.
- ^ Watson, Roland; Elliott, Francis; Foster, Patrick. "The Times Good University Guide 2009". The Times (London). http://extras.timesonline.co.uk/tol_gug/gooduniversityguide.php. Retrieved 20 June 2008. [dead link]
- ^ Watson, Roland; Elliott, Francis; Foster, Patrick. "The Times Good University Guide 2008". The Times (London). http://extras.timesonline.co.uk/gug/gooduniversityguide.php. Retrieved 2007-11-03. [dead link]
- ^ Watson, Roland; Elliott, Francis; Foster, Patrick. "The Times Good University Guide 2007 – Top Universities 2007 League Table". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/displayPopup/0,,102571,00.html. Retrieved 2007-11-03. [dead link]
- ^ Naughton, Philippe; Costello, Miles. "The Times Top Universities". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/displayPopup/0,,32607,00.html. Retrieved 2007-11-03. [dead link]
- ^ "The Daily Telegraph Table of Tables". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/graphics/2003/06/27/unibigpic.jpg;jsessionid=TGNWKTF3UJNBNQFIQMGCFFOAVCBQUIV0. Retrieved 13 October 2008. [dead link]
- ^ "The Times Top Universities 1999=The Times". http://www.indonesianembassy.org.uk/education_the_times_gug.html. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
- ^ a b "University ranking by institution". The Guardian (London). 8 June 2010. http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/table/2010/jun/04/university-league-table. Retrieved 5 Aug 2010.
- ^ "University ranking by institution". The Guardian (London). 10 February 2008. http://browse.guardian.co.uk/education?SearchBySubject=&FirstRow=10&SortOrderDirection=&SortOrderColumn=GuardianTeachingScore&Subject=University+ranking&Institution=. Retrieved 7 May 2008.
- ^ "University ranking by institution". The Guardian (London). http://browse.guardian.co.uk/education?SearchBySubject=&FirstRow=29&SortOrderDirection=&SortOrderColumn=GuardianTeachingScore&Subject=University+ranking&Institution=. Retrieved 29 October 2007.
- ^ "University ranking by institution". The Guardian (London). http://browse.guardian.co.uk/education/2006?SearchBySubject=&FirstRow=20&SortOrderDirection=&SortOrderColumn=GuardianTeachingScore&Subject=Institution-wide&Institution=. Retrieved 29 October 2007.
- ^ "University ranking by institution". The Guardian (London). http://education.guardian.co.uk/universityguide2005/table/0,,-5163901,00.html?start=40&index=3&index=3. Retrieved 29 October 2007.
- ^ "University ranking by institution 2004". The Guardian (London). http://education.guardian.co.uk/universityguide2004/table/0,,1222167,00.html. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
- ^ "University ranking by institution". The Guardian 2003 (University Guide 2004) (London). http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/unitable/0,,-4668575,00.html. Retrieved 9 April 2010.
- ^ Naughton, Philippe; Costello, Miles (13 September 2009). "The Sunday Times Good University Guide 2008 League Tables". The Sunday Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/sunday_times_university_guide/article4768022.ece?token=null&offset=0&page=1. Retrieved 2008-10-03.
- ^ Naughton, Philippe; Costello, Miles. "The Sunday Times Good University Guide 2008 League Tables". The Sunday Times (London). http://extras.timesonline.co.uk/stug/universityguide.php. Retrieved 2007-11-03. [dead link]
- ^ a b "The Sunday Times University League Table". The Sunday Times (London). http://extras.timesonline.co.uk/stug2006/stug2006.pdf. Retrieved 2007-11-03.
- ^ a b c d e f g "University ranking based on performance over 10 years" (PDF). The Times (London). 2007. http://extras.timesonline.co.uk/pdfs/univ07ten.pdf. Retrieved 28 April 2008.
- ^ ="University league table". The Daily Telegraph (London). 30 July 2007. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml;jsessionid=HXFCSGXMNVABTQFIQMFCFGGAVCBQYIV0?xml=/news/2007/07/30/ncambs430.xml. Retrieved 29 October 2007.
- ^ a b "The main league table 2011". The Independent (London). 5 Aug 2011. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/higher/the-complete-university-guide-league-table-20102011-1976038.html. Retrieved 5 Aug 2010.
- ^ a b "The main league table 2009". The Independent (London). 24 April 2008. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/higher/the-main-league-table-2009-813839.html. Retrieved 11 April 2008.
- ^ "The FT 2003 University ranking". Financial Times 2003. http://www.grb.uk.com/448.0.html?cHash=5015838e9d&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=9&tx_ttnews%5Buid%5D=9.
- ^ "FT league table 2001". FT league tables 2001. http://specials.ft.com/universities2001/FT3HLLAN6LC.html.
- ^ "FT league table 1999-2000". FT league tables 1999–2000. http://specials.ft.com/ln/ftsurveys/industry/pdf/top100table.pdf.
- ^ "FT league table 2000". FT league tables 2000. http://specials.ft.com/ln/ftsurveys/industry/scbbbe.htm.
- ^ http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2011?page=2
- ^ [2][dead link]
- ^ People & Planet – The Green League 2008. Peopleandplanet.org. Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
- ^ People & Planet – People & Planet Green League 2007. Peopleandplanet.org. Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
- ^ People & Planet – The Green League 2008: Methodology. Peopleandplanet.org. Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
- ^ "PowerDown". 23 October 2008. http://pcwww.liv.ac.uk/powerdown/. Retrieved 23 October 2008.
- ^ "University of Liverpool save estimated £70 per PC". 23 October 2008. http://www.datasynergy.co.uk/casestudies.aspx. Retrieved 23 October 2008.
- ^ University of Liverpool Condor Project. Liverpool University. Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
- ^ University of Liverpool case study with Data Synergy PowerMAN software. Datasynergy.co.uk. Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
- ^ Home – British Universities & Colleges Sport. Bucs.org.uk. Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
- ^ The Christie Championships – SPORT. University of Liverpool. Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
Further reading[link]
- Rigg, J. Anthony (1968) "A comparative history of the libraries of Manchester and Liverpool Universities up to 1903", in: Saunders, W. L., ed. University and Research Library Studies: some contributions from the University of Sheffield Post-graduate School of Librarianship and Information Science. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1968
External links[link]
- University of Liverpool
- XJTLU Official Site in English
- Liverpool Guild of Students'
- ICON Radio – The University's Student Radio
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http://wn.com/University_of_Liverpool
Related pages:
http://id.wn.com/Universitas Liverpool
http://es.wn.com/Universidad de Liverpool
http://ru.wn.com/Ливерпульский университет
http://nl.wn.com/Universiteit van Liverpool
http://pt.wn.com/Universidade de Liverpool
http://pl.wn.com/University of Liverpool
http://fr.wn.com/Université de Liverpool
http://de.wn.com/University of Liverpool
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Liverpool
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the city. For the football club, see Liverpool F.C.. For other uses, see Liverpool (disambiguation).
| Liverpool | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — Metropolitan borough, City District of Liverpool City Region — |
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| Nickname(s): The Pool, The World In One City[1] | |||
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| Coordinates: 53°24′N 2°59′W / 53.4°N 2.983°W / 53.4; -2.983 | |||
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom | ||
| Constituent country | England | ||
| Region | North West England | ||
| Ceremonial county | Merseyside | ||
| Admin HQ | Liverpool City Centre | ||
| Founded | 1207 | ||
| City Status | 1880 | ||
| Government | |||
| • Type | Metropolitan borough, City | ||
| • Governing body | Liverpool City Council | ||
| • Leadership: | Mayor & Cabinet | ||
| • Executive: | Labour | ||
| • Mayor | Joe Anderson (Lab) | ||
| • MPs: | Steve Rotherham (Lab), Stephen Twigg (Lab), Louise Ellman (Lab), Luciana Berger (Lab), Maria Eagle (Lab) |
||
| Area | |||
| • Metropolitan borough, City District of Liverpool City Region |
43.18 sq mi (111.84 km2) | ||
| Elevation | 230 ft (70 m) | ||
| Population (2007 est / Urban=2006) | |||
| • Metropolitan borough, City District of Liverpool City Region |
445,200 (Ranked 9th) | ||
| • Density | 10,070/sq mi (3,889/km2) | ||
| • Urban | 816,900 | ||
| • Metro | 1,365,900 (Merseyside) | ||
| • Ethnicity (June 2009 estimates)[2] |
Ethnic groups
|
||
| Time zone | Greenwich Mean Time (UTC+0) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | British Summer Time (UTC+1) | ||
| Postal Code | L postcode area | ||
| Area code(s) | 0151 | ||
| ISO 3166-2 | GB-LIV | ||
| ONS code | 00BY | ||
| OS grid reference | SJ3490 | ||
| NUTS 3 | UKD52 | ||
| Demonym | Scouser/Liverpudlian | ||
| Website | http://www.liverpool.gov.uk/ | ||
Liverpool ( /ˈlɪvəpuːl/) is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Liverpool was 445,200[3] and was part of a larger urban area of 816,216.[4]
Historically a part of Lancashire, the urbanisation and expansion of Liverpool were both largely brought about by the city's status as a major port. By the 18th century, trade from the West Indies, Ireland and mainland Europe coupled with close links with the Atlantic Slave Trade furthered the economic expansion of Liverpool. By the early 19th century, 40% of the world's trade passed through Liverpool's docks, contributing to Liverpool's rise as a major city.
Inhabitants of Liverpool are referred to as Liverpudlians but are also colloquially known as "Scousers", in reference to the local dish known as "scouse", a form of stew. The word "Scouse" has also become synonymous with the Liverpool accent and dialect.[5] Liverpool's status as a port city has contributed to its diverse population, which, historically, were drawn from a wide range of peoples, cultures, and religions, particularly those from Ireland. The city is also home to the oldest Black African community in the country and the oldest Chinese community in Europe.
The popularity of The Beatles, Gerry and the Pacemakers and the other groups from the Merseybeat era contributes to Liverpool's status as a tourist destination; tourism forms a significant part of the city's modern economy. The city celebrated its 800th anniversary in 2007, and it held the European Capital of Culture title together with Stavanger, Norway, in 2008.[6]
Several areas of the city centre were granted World Heritage Site status by UNESCO in 2004. Referred to as the Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City, the site comprises six separate locations in the city including the Pier Head, Albert Dock and William Brown Street and includes many of the city's most famous landmarks.[7]
Liverpool is also the home of two Premier League football clubs, Liverpool F.C. and Everton F.C.. Matches between the two clubs are known as the Merseyside derby.
Contents |
History[link]
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This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2010) |
Main article: History of Liverpool
File:Original 7 streets of Liverpool.jpg
A map of Liverpool's original seven streets (north to the left)
King John's letters patent of 1207 announced the foundation of the borough of Liverpool, but by the middle of the 16th century the population was still only around 500. The original street plan of Liverpool is said to have been designed by King John near the same time it was granted a royal charter, making it a borough. The original seven streets were laid out in a H shape:
- Bank Street (now Water Street)
- Castle Street
- Chapel Street
- Dale Street
- Juggler Street (now High Street)
- Moor Street (now Tithebarn Street)
- Whiteacre Street (now Old Hall Street)
In the 17th century there was slow progress in trade and population growth. Battles for the town were waged during the English Civil War, including an eighteen-day siege in 1644. In 1699 Liverpool was made a parish by Act of Parliament, that same year its first slave ship, Liverpool Merchant, set sail for Africa. As trade from the West Indies surpassed that of Ireland and Europe, and as the River Dee silted up, Liverpool began to grow. The first commercial wet dock was built in Liverpool in 1715.[8][9] Substantial profits from the slave trade helped the town to prosper and rapidly grow. By the close of the century Liverpool controlled over 41% of Europe's and 80% of Britain's slave commerce.
In the early 19th century Liverpool played a major role in the Antarctic sealing industry, in recognition of which Liverpool Beach in the South Shetland Islands is named after the city.[10]
By the start of the 19th century, 40% of the world's trade was passing through Liverpool and the construction of major buildings reflected this wealth. In 1830, Liverpool and Manchester became the first cities to have an intercity rail link, through the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. The population continued to rise rapidly, especially during the 1840s when Irish migrants began arriving by the hundreds of thousands as a result of the Great Famine. By 1851, approximately 25% of the city's population was Irish-born. During the first part of the 20th century, Liverpool was drawing immigrants from across Europe.
20th century[link]
The Housing Act 1919 resulted in mass council housing building across Liverpool during the 1920s and 1930s. Thousands of families were rehoused from the inner-city to new suburban housing estates, based on the pretext that this would improve their standard of living, though this is largely subjective. A large number of private homes were also built during this era. The process continued after the Second World War, with many more new housing estates being built in suburban areas, while some of the older inner city areas were also redeveloped for new homes.
The Great Depression of the early 1930s saw unemployment in the city peak at around 30%.
During the Second World War there were 80 air-raids on Merseyside, killing 2,500 people and causing damage to almost half the homes in the metropolitan area. Significant rebuilding followed the war, including massive housing estates and the Seaforth Dock, the largest dock project in Britain. Much of the immediate reconstruction of the city centre has been deeply unpopular, and was as flawed as much town planning renewal in the 1950s and 1960s – the portions of the city's heritage that survived German bombing could not withstand the efforts of urban renewal. Since 1952 Liverpool has been twinned with Cologne, Germany, a city which also experienced severe aerial bombing during the war.
Like most British cities and industrialised towns, Liverpool became home to a significant number of Commonwealth immigrants after World War II, mostly settling in older inner city areas such as Toxteth. However, a significant West Indian black community had existed in the city as long ago as the first two decades of the 20th century. In 1919, the city was the scene of one of Britain's first - if not the very first - race riot when local white people took part in violent protests against the city's black residents. A black man was killed by a lynch mob in the city that year.[11]
In the 1960s Liverpool was the centre of the "Merseybeat" sound which became synonymous with The Beatles and fellow Liverpudlian rock bands.
From the mid-1970s onwards Liverpool's docks and traditional manufacturing industries went into sharp decline. The advent of containerisation meant that the city's docks became largely obsolete. By the early 1980s unemployment rates in Liverpool were once again among the highest in the UK,[12] standing at 17% by January 1982 - although this was just over half of the level of unemployment that was affecting the city in an economic downturn 50 years previously.[13]
In recent years, Liverpool's economy has recovered and has experienced growth rates higher than the national average since the mid-nineties.
Previously part of Lancashire, and a county borough from 1889, Liverpool became in 1974 a metropolitan borough within the newly created metropolitan county of Merseyside.
At the end of the 20th century Liverpool was concentrating on regeneration, a process which still continues today.
21st century[link]
To celebrate the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II in 2002, the conservation charity Plantlife organised a competition to choose county flowers; the sea-holly was Liverpool's final choice.
Capitalising on the popularity of 1960s rock groups, such as The Beatles, as well as the city's world-class art galleries, museums and landmarks, tourism has also become a significant factor in Liverpool's economy.
In 2004, property developer Grosvenor started the Paradise Project, a £920 m development centred on Paradise Street, which involved the most significant changes to Liverpool's city centre since the post-war reconstruction. Renamed 'Liverpool 1', the centre opened in May 2008.
In 2007, the city celebrated the 800th anniversary of the foundation of the borough of Liverpool, for which a number of events were planned. Liverpool is a joint European Capital of Culture for 2008. The main celebrations, in September 2008, included La Princesse, a large mechanical spider which is 20 metres high and weighs 37 tonnes, and represents the "eight legs" of Liverpool: honour, history, music, the Mersey, the ports, governance, sunshine and culture. La Princesse roamed the streets of the city during the festivities, and concluded by entering the Queensway Tunnel.
Second city of Empire[link]
For periods during the 19th century the wealth of Liverpool exceeded that of London itself,[14] and Liverpool's Custom House was the single largest contributor to the British Exchequer.[15] Liverpool's status can be judged from the fact that it was the only British city ever to have its own Whitehall office.[16]
The first United States consul anywhere in the world, James Maury, was appointed to Liverpool in 1790, and remained in office for 39 years.
As early as 1851 the city was described as "the New York of Europe"[17] and its buildings, constructed on a heroic, even megalomaniacal scale stand witness to the supreme confidence and ambition of the city at the turn of the 20th century.
Liverpool was also the site of the UK's first provincial airport, operating from 1930.
Elgar's Pomp and Circumstance March No.1, often seen as Britain's Imperial anthem, was dedicated by the composer to the Liverpool Orchestral Society and had its premiere in the city in October 1901.
During the Second World War, the critical strategic importance of Liverpool was recognised by both Hitler and Churchill, with the city suffering a blitz second only to London's,[18] and the pivotal Battle of the Atlantic being planned, fought and won from Liverpool.[19]
Inventions and innovations[link]
Ferries, railways, transatlantic steamships, municipal trams,[20] electric trains[21] and the helicopter[22] were all pioneered in Liverpool as modes of mass transit. In 1829 and 1836 the first underground railway tunnels in the world were constructed under Liverpool.[23]
The first School for the Blind,[24] Mechanics' Institute,[25] High School for Girls,[26][27] council house[28] and Juvenile Court[29] were all founded in Liverpool. The RSPCA,[30] NSPCC,[31] Age Concern,[32] Relate, Citizen's Advice Bureau[33] and Legal Aid all evolved from work in the city.
In the field of public health, the first lifeboat station, public baths and wash-houses,[34] sanitary act,[35] medical officer for health, district nurse, slum clearance,[36] purpose-built ambulance,[37] X-ray medical diagnosis,[38] school of tropical medicine, motorised municipal fire-engine,[39] free school milk and school meals,[40] cancer research centre,[41] and zoonosis research centre[42] all originated in Liverpool. The first British Nobel Prize was awarded in 1902 to Ronald Ross, professor at the School of Tropical Medicine, the first school of its kind in the world.[43] Orthopaedic surgery was pioneered in Liverpool by Hugh Owen Thomas,[44] and modern medical anaesthetics by Thomas Cecil Gray.
In finance, Liverpool founded the UK's first Underwriters' Association[45] and the first Institute of Accountants. The Western world's first financial derivatives (cotton futures) were traded on the Liverpool Cotton Exchange in the late 1700s.[46]
In the arts, Liverpool was home to the first lending library, athenaeum society, arts centre[47] and public art conservation centre.[48] Liverpool is also home to the UK's oldest surviving classical orchestra, the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra.[49]
In 1864, Peter Ellis built the world's first iron-framed, curtain-walled office building, Oriel Chambers, the prototype of the skyscraper. The UK's first purpose-built department store was Compton House, completed in 1867 for the retailer J.R. Jeffrey, to replace a previous building which had burned down in 1865.[50] It was the largest store in the world at the time.[51]
Between 1862 and 1867, Liverpool held an annual Grand Olympic Festival. Devised by John Hulley and Charles Melly, these games were the first to be wholly amateur in nature and international in outlook.[52][53] The programme of the first modern Olympiad in Athens in 1896 was almost identical to that of the Liverpool Olympics.[54] In 1865 Hulley co-founded the National Olympian Association in Liverpool, a forerunner of the British Olympic Association. Its articles of foundation provided the framework for the International Olympic Charter.
Shipowner Sir Alfred Lewis Jones introduced the banana to Great Britain in 1884.[55]
In 1897, the Lumière brothers filmed Liverpool,[56] including what is believed to be the world's first tracking shot,[57] taken from the Liverpool Overhead Railway – the world's first elevated electrified railway.
Liverpool inventor Frank Hornby was a visionary in toy development and manufacture and produced three of the most popular lines of toys in the 20th century: Meccano, Hornby Model Railways and Dinky Toys.
In 1999, Liverpool was the first city outside the capital to be awarded blue plaques by English Heritage in recognition of the "significant contribution made by its sons and daughters in all walks of life."[58]
Government[link]
Liverpool has three tiers of government; the Mayor & Local Council, the National Government and the European Parliament. Liverpool is officially governed by a Unitary Authority, as when Merseyside County Council was disbanded civic functions were returned to a district borough level. However several services such as the Police and Fire and Rescue Service, continue to be run at a county-wide level.
Mayor & Local council[link]
See also: Liverpool City Council
The City of Liverpool is governed by the Directly elected mayor of Liverpool and Liverpool City Council, and is one of five metropolitan boroughs that combine to make up the metropolitan county of Merseyside. The Mayor is elected by the citizens of Liverpool every four years and is responsible for the day to day running of the council. The council's 90 elected councillors who represent local communities throughout the city, are responsible for scrutininsing the Mayor's decisions, setting the Budget, and policy framework of the city. The Mayor's responsibility is to be a powerful voice for the city both nationally and internationally, to lead, build investor confidence, and to direct resources to economic priorities.[59] The Mayor also exchanges direct dialogue with government ministers and the Prime minister through his seat at the 'Cabinet of Mayors'. Discussions include pressing decision makers in the government on local issues as well as building relationships with the other Directly elected mayors in England and Wales.[60] The current Mayor is Joe Anderson.
The city of Liverpool effectively has two Mayors. As well as the directly elected Mayor, there is the ceremonial 'Lord Mayor' (or civic Mayor) who is elected by the full city council at its annual general meeting in May, and stands for one year in office. The Lord Mayor acts as the 'first citizen' of Liverpool and is responsible for promoting the city, supporting local charities & community groups as well as representing the city at civic events.[61] The current Lord Mayor is Councillor Frank Prendergast.[62]
For local elections the city is split into 30 local council wards,[63] which in alphabetical order are:
 |
During the most recent local elections, held in May 2011, the Labour Party consolidated its control of Liverpool City Council, following on from regaining power for the first time in 12 years, during the previous elections in May 2010.[64] The Labour Party gained 11 seats during the election, taking their total to 62 seats, compared with the 22 held by the Liberal Democrats. Of the remaining seats the Liberal Party won three and the Green Party claimed two. The Conservative Party, one of the three major political parties in the UK had no representation on Liverpool City Council.[64][65]
In February 2008, Liverpool City Council was revealed to be the worst-performing council in the country, receiving just a one star rating (classified as inadequate). The main cause of the poor rating was attributed to the council's poor handling of tax-payer money, including the accumulation of a £20m shortfall on Capital of Culture funding.[66]
While Liverpool through most of the 19th and early 20th Century was a municipal stronghold of Toryism, support for the Conservative Party recently has been among the lowest in any part of Britain, particularly since the monetarist economic policies of prime minister Margaret Thatcher after her 1979 general election victory contributed to high unemployment in the city which did not begin to fall for many years.[67] Liverpool is one of the Labour Party's key strongholds; however the city has seen hard times under Labour governments as well, particularly in the Winter of Discontent (late 1978 and early 1979) when Liverpool suffered public sector strikes along with the rest of the United Kingdom but also suffered the particularly humiliating misfortune of having grave-diggers going on strike, leaving the dead unburied.[68]
Parliamentary constituencies and MPs[link]
Liverpool has four parliamentary constituencies entirely within the city, through which Members of Parliament (MPs) are elected to represent the city in Westminster: Liverpool Riverside, Liverpool Walton, Liverpool Wavertree and Liverpool West Derby.[69] At the last general election, all were won by Labour with representation being from Louise Ellman, Steve Rotheram, Luciana Berger and Stephen Twigg respectively. Due to boundary changes prior to the 2010 election, the Liverpool Garston constituency was merged with most of Knowsley South to form the Garston and Halewood cross-boundary seat. At the most recent election this seat was won by Maria Eagle of the Labour Party.[70]
Geography[link]
Liverpool has been described as having "the most splendid setting of any English city."[71] At 53°24′0″N 2°59′0″W / 53.4°N 2.983333°W / 53.4; -2.983333 (53.4, −2.98), 176 miles (283 km) northwest of London, located on the Liverpool Bay of the Irish Sea the city of Liverpool is built across a ridge of sandstone hills rising up to a height of around 230 feet (70 m) above sea-level at Everton Hill, which represents the southern boundary of the West Lancashire Coastal Plain.
The Mersey Estuary separates Liverpool from Birkenhead, Wallasey and the Kirby sands to the south west. The boundaries of Liverpool are adjacent to Bootle, Crosby and Maghull in south Sefton to the north, and Kirkby, Huyton, Prescot and Halewood in Knowsley to the east.
Climate[link]
Liverpool experiences a temperate maritime climate, like much of the British Isles, with relatively cool summers and mild winters. Its coastal location and urban situation means diurnal temperature ranges are particularly subdued, ranging from an average of 7.0 °C in May to just 3.8 °C during December. Historically, Bidston Observatory (actually located on the Wirral Peninsula) has provided the longest and most unbroken weather data for the Merseyside area. More recently, the Met Office has operated a weather station at Crosby.
The absolute minimum temperature recorded at Bidston was −12.8 °C (9.0 °F) during January 1881, typically the coldest night of the year should fall to −4 °C (24.8 °F) (1971–2000 average) However, the variability of the local climate was exposed as the weather station at Crosby fell to −17.6 °C (0.3 °F)[72] during December 2010.
The absolute maximum temperature recorded at Bidston was 34.5 °C (94.1 °F) in August 1990 - typically the warmest day of the year should reach 27.5 °C (81.5 °F) (1971–2000 average). The absolute maximum at Crosby is 33.5 °C (92.3 °F), recorded in July 2006.[73]
| Climate data for Bidston Observatory, elevation 7m, Temp averages 1976–2002, Rain & Sun averages 1971–2000, extremes 1867–2002 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 14.7 (58.5) |
16.6 (61.9) |
21.2 (70.2) |
25.3 (77.5) |
28.1 (82.6) |
30.7 (87.3) |
31.6 (88.9) |
34.5 (94.1) |
30.4 (86.7) |
24.6 (76.3) |
17.8 (64.0) |
15.8 (60.4) |
34.5 (94.1) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 6.8 (44.2) |
7.2 (45.0) |
9.2 (48.6) |
11.5 (52.7) |
15.3 (59.5) |
17.3 (63.1) |
19.2 (66.6) |
19.3 (66.7) |
16.6 (61.9) |
13.1 (55.6) |
9.6 (49.3) |
7.4 (45.3) |
12.71 (54.87) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 2.6 (36.7) |
2.6 (36.7) |
4.1 (39.4) |
5.4 (41.7) |
8.3 (46.9) |
10.9 (51.6) |
13.1 (55.6) |
13.1 (55.6) |
11.2 (52.2) |
8.5 (47.3) |
5.6 (42.1) |
3.6 (38.5) |
7.42 (45.35) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −12.8 (9.0) |
−11.3 (11.7) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−5 (23) |
0.0 (32.0) |
3.4 (38.1) |
6.6 (43.9) |
5.2 (41.4) |
3.7 (38.7) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−10.7 (12.7) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 61.65 (2.4272) |
48.91 (1.9256) |
51.86 (2.0417) |
43.86 (1.7268) |
50.83 (2.0012) |
63.07 (2.4831) |
46.08 (1.8142) |
59.25 (2.3327) |
61.50 (2.4213) |
60.58 (2.385) |
60.34 (2.3756) |
68.82 (2.7094) |
684.37 (26.9437) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 56.0 | 70.3 | 105.1 | 154.2 | 207.0 | 191.5 | 197.0 | 175.2 | 132.7 | 97.3 | 65.8 | 46.8 | 1,499.1 |
| Source: National Oceanography Centre [74] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Liverpool | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13 (57) |
15 (59) |
17 (64) |
26 (79) |
27 (82) |
32 (90) |
32 (91) |
33 (93) |
27 (82) |
23 (75) |
16 (61) |
15 (59) |
33 (93) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 6.6 (43.9) |
6.6 (43.9) |
9.4 (48.9) |
11.6 (52.9) |
15.5 (59.9) |
17.7 (63.9) |
20 (68) |
19.4 (66.9) |
16.6 (61.9) |
12.7 (54.9) |
9.4 (48.9) |
7.7 (45.9) |
12.7 (54.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5 (41) |
4 (39) |
7 (45) |
8 (46) |
12 (54) |
14 (57) |
17 (63) |
16 (61) |
14 (57) |
11 (52) |
7 (45) |
6 (43) |
10 (50) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 2.2 (36.0) |
2.2 (36.0) |
3.3 (37.9) |
4.4 (39.9) |
7.2 (45.0) |
10.5 (50.9) |
12.7 (54.9) |
12.2 (54.0) |
10 (50) |
7.2 (45.0) |
4.4 (39.9) |
3.3 (37.9) |
6.6 (43.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −10 (14) |
−7 (19) |
−6 (21) |
−2 (27) |
0 (32) |
0 (32) |
7 (45) |
5 (41) |
0 (32) |
−2 (27) |
−5 (23) |
−13 (9) |
−13 (9) |
| Rainfall mm (inches) | 97 (3.82) |
94 (3.7) |
101 (3.98) |
85 (3.35) |
68 (2.68) |
71 (2.8) |
40 (1.57) |
55 (2.17) |
44 (1.73) |
61 (2.4) |
78 (3.07) |
65 (2.56) |
859 (33.82) |
| Avg. precipitation days | 25 | 22 | 26 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 25 | 282 |
| Avg. snowy days | 6 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 22 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 62 | 56 | 124 | 150 | 186 | 210 | 186 | 155 | 129 | 93 | 60 | 31 | 1,442 |
| Source: [75] Rainfall:[76] Sunshine:[77] |
|||||||||||||
Green Liverpool[link]
In 2010 Liverpool City Council and the Primary Care Trust Commissioned The Mersey Forest to complete A Green Infrastructure Strategy for the City.[78]
Demography[link]
Main article: Demography of Liverpool
At the 2001 UK Census the recorded population of Liverpool was 441,900,[79] while a mid-2008 estimate by the Office for National Statistics had the city's population as 434,900.[80] Liverpool's population peaked in 1930s with 846,101 recorded in the 1931 census.[81] Since then the city has experienced negative population growth every decade, with at its peak over 100,000 people leaving the city between 1971 and 1981.[82] Between 2001 and 2006 it experienced the ninth largest percentage population loss of any UK unitary authority.[83] The "Liverpool city region", as defined by the Mersey Partnership, includes Wirral, Warrington, Flintshire, Chester and other areas, and has a population of around 2 million.[84]The European Spatial Planning Observation Network defines a Liverpool metropolitan area consisting of the Merseyside metropolitan county, the borough of Halton, Wigan in Greater Manchester, the city of Chester as well as number of towns in Lancashire and Cheshire including Ormskirk and Warrington.[85] Liverpool and Manchester are sometimes considered as one large polynuclear metropolitan area,[86][87][88] or megalopolis.[89]
In common with many cities, Liverpool's population is younger than that of England as a whole, with 42.3 per cent of its population under the age of 30, compared to an English average of 37.4 per cent.[90] 65.1 per cent of the population is of working age.[90]
Ethnicity[link]
As of June 2009, an estimated 91.0 per cent of Liverpool's population was White British, 3.0 per cent Asian or Asian British, 1.9 per cent Black or Black British, 2.0 per cent mixed-race and 2.1 per cent Chinese and other.[2]
Liverpool is home to Britain's oldest Black community, dating to at least the 1730s, and some Black Liverpudlians are able to trace their ancestors in the city back ten generations.[91] Early Black settlers in the city included seamen, the children of traders sent to be educated, and freed slaves, since slaves entering the country after 1722 were deemed free men.[92]
The city is also home to the oldest Chinese community in Europe; the first residents of the city's Chinatown arrived as seamen in the 19th century.[93] The gateway in Chinatown, Liverpool is also the largest gateway outside of China. The city is also known for its large Irish population and its historical Welsh population.[94] In 1813, 10 per cent of Liverpool's population was Welsh, leading to the city becoming known as "the capital of North Wales".[94] Following the start of the Great Irish Famine, two million Irish people migrated to Liverpool in the space of one decade, many of them subsequently departing for the United States.[95] By 1851, more than 20 per cent of the population of Liverpool was Irish.[96] At the 2001 Census, 1.17 per cent of the population were Welsh-born and 0.75 per cent were born in the Republic of Ireland, while 0.54 per cent were born in Northern Ireland,[97] but many more Liverpudlians are of Welsh[citation needed] or Irish ancestry.
Religion[link]
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The thousands of migrants and sailors passing through Liverpool resulted in a religious diversity that is still apparent today. This is reflected in the equally diverse collection of religious buildings,[98] and two Christian cathedrals.
Christ Church, in Buckingham Road, Tuebrook, is a conservative evangelical congregation and is affiliated with the Evangelical Connexion.[99] They worship using the 1785 Prayer Book, and regard the Bible as the sole rule of faith and practice.
The parish church of Liverpool is the Anglican Our Lady and St Nicholas, colloquially known as "the sailors church", which has existed near the waterfront since 1257. It regularly plays host to Catholic masses. Other notable churches include the Greek Orthodox Church of St Nicholas (built in the Neo-Byzantine architecture style), and the Gustav Adolfus Kyrka (the Swedish Seamen's Church, reminiscent of Nordic styles).
Liverpool's wealth as a port city enabled the construction of two enormous cathedrals, both dating from the 20th century. The Anglican Cathedral, which was designed by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott and plays host to the annual Liverpool Shakespeare Festival, has one of the longest naves, largest organs and heaviest and highest peals of bells in the world. The Roman Catholic Metropolitan Cathedral, on Mount Pleasant next to Liverpool Science Park was initially planned to be even larger. Of Sir Edwin Lutyens' original design, only the crypt was completed. The cathedral was eventually built to a simpler design by Sir Frederick Gibberd; while this is on a smaller scale than Lutyens' original design, it still manages to incorporate the largest panel of stained glass in the world. The road running between the two cathedrals is called Hope Street, a coincidence which pleases believers. The cathedral is colloquially referred to as "Paddy's Wigwam" due to its shape.[100][101]
Liverpool contains several synagogues, of which the Grade I listed Moorish Revival Princes Road Synagogue is architecturally the most notable. Princes Road is widely considered to be the most magnificent of Britain's Moorish Revival synagogues and one of the finest buildings in Liverpool.[102] Liverpool has a thriving Jewish community with a further two orthodox Synagogues, one in the Allerton district of the city and a second in the Childwall district of the city where a significant Jewish community reside. A third orthodox Synagogue in the Greenbank Park area of L17 has recently closed, and is a listed 1930s structure. There is also a Lubavitch Chabad House and a reform Synagogue. Liverpool has had a Jewish community since the mid-18th century. The current Jewish population of Liverpool is around 3000.[103]
Liverpool also has an increasing Hindu community, with a Mandir on 253 Edge Lane, Edge Hill, L7 2PH; the Shri Radha Krishna Temple from the Hindu Cultural Organisation, Liverpool based there.[104] The current Hindu population in Liverpool is about 1147.[citation needed] Liverpool also has the Guru Nanak Sikh Gurdwara based at Wellington Avenue, Wavertree, L15 0EJ,[105] and Liverpool's Bahá'í Centre is located on 3 and 5 Langdale Road, Wavertree, L15 3LA.[106]
The city had the earliest mosque in England, and possibly the UK, founded in 1887 by William Abdullah Quilliam, a lawyer who had converted to Islam, and set up in a terraced house on West Derby Road.[107] The building was used as a house of worship until 1908, when it was sold to the City Council and converted into offices.[108] Plans have been accepted to re-convert the building where the mosque once stood into a museum.[109] Currently there are three mosques in Liverpool: the largest and main one, Al-Rahma mosque, in the Toxteth area of the city and a mosque recently opened in the Mossley Hill district of the city. The third mosque was also recently opened in Toxteth and is on Granby Street.
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of Liverpool
The Economy of Liverpool is one of the largest within the United Kingdom, sitting at the centre of one of the two core economies within the North West of England.[110] In 2006, the city's GVA was £7,626 million, providing a per capita figure of £17,489, which was above the North West average.[111] After several decades of decline, Liverpool's economy has seen somewhat of a revival since the mid-1990s, with its GVA increasing 71.8% between 1995 and 2006 and employment increasing 12% between 1998 and 2006.[111]
In common with much of the rest of the UK today, Liverpool's economy is dominated by service sector industries, both public and private. In 2007, over 60% of all employment in the city was in the public administration, education, health, banking, finance and insurance sectors.[111] Over recent years there has also been significant growth in the knowledge economy of Liverpool with the establishment of the Liverpool Knowledge Quarter in sectors such as media and life sciences.[112] Liverpool's rich architectural base has also helped the city become the second most filmed city in the UK outside of London,[113] including doubling for Chicago, London, Moscow, New York, Paris and Rome.[114][115]
Another important component of Liverpool's economy are the tourism and leisure sectors. Liverpool is the 6th most visited city in the United Kingdom[116] and one of the 100 most visited cities in the world by international tourists.[117] In 2008, during the city's European Capital of Culture celebrations, overnight visitors brought £188m into the local economy,[116] while tourism as a whole is worth approximately £1.3bn a year to Liverpool.[115] The city's new cruise liner terminal, which is situated close to the Pier Head, also makes Liverpool one of the few places in the world where cruise ships are able to berth right in the centre of the city.[118] Other recent developments in Liverpool such as the Echo Arena and Liverpool One have made Liverpool an important leisure centre with the latter helping to lift Liverpool into the top five retail destinations in the UK.[119]
Historically, the economy of Liverpool was centred around the city's port and manufacturing base, although today less than 10% of employment in the city are in these sectors.[111] Nonetheless the city remains one of the most important ports in the United Kingdom, handling over 32.2m tonnes of cargo in 2008.[120] It is also home to the UK headquarters of many shipping lines including Japanese firm NYK and Danish firm Maersk Line.[121][122] Future plans to redevelop the city's northern dock system, in a project known as Liverpool Waters, could see £5.5bn invested in the city over the next 50 years, creating 17,000 new jobs.[123]
Car-manufacturing also takes place in the city at the Halewood plant where the Jaguar X-Type and Land Rover Freelander models are assembled.
Landmarks[link]
Main articles: Architecture of Liverpool and Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City
Liverpool's history means that there are a considerable variety of architectural styles found within the city, ranging from 16th century Tudor buildings to modern-day contemporary architecture.[124] The majority of buildings in the city date from the late-18th century onwards, the period during which the city grew into one of the foremost powers in the British Empire.[125] There are over 2,500 listed buildings in Liverpool, of which 27 are Grade I listed[126] and 85 are Grade II* listed.[127] The city also has a greater number of public sculptures than any other location in the United Kingdom aside from Westminster[128] and more Georgian houses than the city of Bath.[129] This richness of architecture has subsequently seen Liverpool described by English Heritage, as England's finest Victorian city.[130] The value of Liverpool's architecture and design was recognised in 2004, when several areas throughout the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Known as the Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City, the sites were added in recognition of the city's role in the development of international trade and docking technology.[131]
Waterfront and docks[link]
As a major British port, the docks in Liverpool have historically been central to the city's development. Several major docking firsts have occurred in the city including the construction of the world's first enclosed wet dock (the Old Dock) in 1715 and the first ever hydraulic lifting cranes.[132] The best-known dock in Liverpool is the Albert Dock, which was constructed in 1846 and today comprises the largest single collection of Grade I listed buildings anywhere in Britain.[133] Built under the guidance of Jesse Hartley, it was considered to be one of the most advanced docks anywhere in the world upon completion and is often attributed with helping the city to become one of the most important ports in the world. North of the city centre is Stanley Dock, home to the Stanley Dock Tobacco Warehouse, which was at the time of its construction in 1901, the world's largest building in terms of area[134] and today stands as the world's largest brick-work building.[135]
One of the most famous locations in Liverpool is the Pier Head, renowned for the trio of buildings – the Royal Liver Building, the Cunard Building and the Port of Liverpool Building – which sit upon it. Collectively referred to as the Three Graces, these buildings stand as a testament to the great wealth in the city during the late 19th and early 20th century. Built in a variety of architectural styles, they are recognised as being the symbol of Maritime Liverpool, and are regarded by many as contributing to one of the most impressive waterfronts in the world.[136][137][138][139]
In recent years, several areas along Liverpool's waterfront have undergone significant redevelopment. Amongst the notable recent developments are the construction of the Echo Arena Liverpool and BT Convention Centre on Kings Dock, Alexandra Tower and 1 Princes Dock on Princes Dock and Liverpool Marina around Coburg and Brunswick Docks.
Commercial District and Cultural Quarter[link]
Liverpool's historic position as one of the most important trading ports in the world has meant that over time many grand buildings have been constructed in the city as headquarters for shipping firms, insurance companies, banks and other large firms. The great wealth this brought, then allowed for the development of grand civic buildings, which were designed to allow the local administrators to 'run the city with pride'.[140]
The commercial district is centred around the Castle Street, Dale Street and Old Hall Street areas of the city, with many of the area's roads still following their medieval layout. Having developed over a period of three centuries the area is regarded as one of the most important architectural locations in the city, as recognised by its inclusion in Liverpool's World Heritage site.[141] The oldest building in the area is the Grade I listed Liverpool Town Hall, which is located at the top of Castle Street and dates from 1754. Often regarded as the city's finest piece of Georgian architecture, the building is noted as one of the most extravagantly decorated civic buildings anywhere in Britain.[142][143] Also on Castle Street is the Grade I listed Bank of England Building, constructed between 1845 and 1848, as one of only three provincial branches of the national bank.[142] Amongst the other noted buildings in the area are the Tower Buildings, Albion House (the former White Star Line headquarters), the Municipal Buildings and Oriel Chambers,[144] which is considered to be one of the earliest Modernist style buildings ever built.[145]
The area around William Brown Street is referred to as the city's 'Cultural Quarter', owing to the presence of numerous civic buildings, including the William Brown Library, Walker Art Gallery, Picton Reading Rooms and World Museum Liverpool. The area is dominated by neo-classical architecture, of which the most prominent, St George's Hall,[146] is widely regarded as the best example of a neo-classical building anywhere in Europe.[147] A Grade I listed building, it was constructed between 1840 and 1855 to serve a variety of civic functions in the city and its doors are inscribed with "S.P.Q.L." (Latin senatus populusque Liverpudliensis), meaning "the senate and people of Liverpool". William Brown Street is also home to numerous public monuments and sculptures, including Wellington's Column and the Steble Fountain. Many others are located around the area, particularly in St John's Gardens, which was specifically developed for this purpose.[148] The William Brown Street area has been likened to a modern recreation of the Roman Forum.[149]
Other notable landmarks[link]
While the majority of Liverpool's architecture dates from the mid-18th century onwards, there are several buildings that pre-date this time. One of the oldest surviving buildings is Speke Hall, a Tudor manor house located in the south of the city, which was completed in 1598.[150] The building is one of the few remaining timber framed Tudor houses left in the north of England and is particularly noted for its Victorian interior, which was added in the mid-19th century.[151] In addition to Speke Hall, many of the city's other oldest surviving buildings are also former manor houses including Croxteth Hall and Woolton Hall, which were completed in 1702 and 1704 respectively.[152] The oldest building within the city centre is the Grade I listed Bluecoat Chambers,[153] which was built between 1717 and 1718. Constructed in British Queen Anne style,[154][155] the building was influenced in part by the work of Christopher Wren[156] and was originally the home of the Bluecoat School (who later moved to larger site in the south of the city). Since 1908 it has acted as a centre for arts in Liverpool.[154]
Liverpool is noted for having two Cathedrals, each of which imposes over the landscape around it.[157] The Anglican Cathedral, which was constructed between 1904 and 1978, is the largest Cathedral in Britain[158] and the fifth largest in the world. Designed and built in Gothic style, it is regarded as one of the greatest buildings to have been constructed during the 20th century[159] and was described by former British Poet Laureate, John Betjeman, as 'one of the great buildings of the world’.[160] The Roman Catholic Metropolitan Cathedral was constructed between 1962 and 1967 and is noted as one of the first Cathedrals to break the traditional longitudinal design.[161]
In recent years, many parts of Liverpool's city centre have undergone significant redevelopment and regeneration after years of decline. The largest of these developments has been Liverpool One, which has seen almost £1 billion invested in the redevelopment of 42 acres (170,000 m2) of land, providing new retail, commercial, residential and leisure space.[162] Around the north of the city centre several new skyscrapers have also been constructed including the RIBA award winning Unity Buildings and West Tower, which at 140m is Liverpool's tallest building. Many future redevelopment schemes are also planned including Central Village (planning permission granted),[163] the Lime Street gateway (work started)[164] and the highly ambitious Liverpool Waters (early planning stage).[165]
There are many other notable buildings in Liverpool, including the art deco former terminal building of Speke Airport, the University of Liverpool's Victoria Building, (which provided the inspiration for the term Red Brick University), and the Adelphi Hotel, which was in that past considered to be one of the finest hotels anywhere in the world.[166]
The English Heritage National Register of Historic Parks describes Merseyside's Victorian Parks as collectively the "most important in the country".[167] The city of Liverpool has ten listed parks and cemeteries, including three Grade II*, more than any other English city apart from London.[168]
Transport[link]
Main article: Transport in Liverpool
Transport in Liverpool is primarily centred around the city's road and rail networks, both of which are extensive and provide links across the United Kingdom. Liverpool has an extensive local public transport network, which is managed by the Merseyside Passenger Transport Executive, and includes buses, trains and ferries. Additionally, the city also has an international airport and a major port, both of which provides links to locations outside the country.
National and international travel[link]
Road links[link]
As a major city, Liverpool has direct road links with many other areas within England. To the east, the M62 motorway connects Liverpool with Hull and along the route provides links to several large cities, including Manchester, Leeds and Bradford. The M62 also provides a connection to both the M6 motorway and M1 Motorway, providing indirect links to more distant areas including Birmingham, Sheffield, Preston, London and Nottingham.[169] To the west of the city, the Kingsway and Queensway Tunnels connect Liverpool with the Wirral Peninsula, providing links to both Birkenhead, and Wallasey. The A41 road, which begins in Birkenhead, also provides links to Cheshire and Shropshire and via the A55 road, North Wales.[170] To the south, Liverpool is connected to Widnes and Warrington via the A562 road and subsequently across the River Mersey to Runcorn, via the Silver Jubilee Bridge. Plans have been developed in recent years to construct a second bridge, known as the Mersey Gateway, across the river in order to alleviate congestion on the route today.
Rail links[link]
Liverpool is served by two separate rail networks. The local rail network is managed and run by Merseyrail and provides links throughout Merseyside and beyond (see Local Travel below), while the national network, which is managed by Network Rail, provides Liverpool with connections to major towns and cities across the England. The city's primary mainline station is Lime Street station, which acts as a terminus for several lines into the city. Train services from Lime Street provide connections to numerous destinations, including London (in 2 hours 8 minutes with Pendolino trains), Birmingham, Newcastle upon Tyne, Manchester, Preston, Leeds, Scarborough, Sheffield, Nottingham and Norwich. In the south of the city, Liverpool South Parkway provides a connection to the city's airport.
Port[link]
The Port of Liverpool is one of Britain's largest ports, providing passenger ferry services across the Irish Sea to Belfast, Dublin and the Isle of Man. Services are provided by several companies, including the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company, P&O Ferries and Norfolkline. In 2007, a new cruise liner terminal was opened in Liverpool, located alongside the Pier Head in the city centre. The terminal will allow cruise ships to dock in the city (40 ships are due in during 2009[171]) and also provide a base for trans-Atlantic services.[172]
Airport[link]
Liverpool John Lennon Airport, which is located in the south of the city, provides Liverpool with direct air connections across the United Kingdom and Europe. In 2008, the airport handled over 5.3 million passengers[173] and today offers services to 68 destinations,[174] including Berlin, Rome, Milan, Paris, Barcelona and Zürich. The airport is primarily served by low-cost airlines, notably Ryanair and Easyjet, although it does provide additional charter services in the summer. In addition, Dutch airline KLM currently provides a four-times daily service to Amsterdam from JLA, providing passengers with the option to fly to over 800 destinations across the world with the airline, via the Dutch airport.[175]
Local travel[link]
Buses[link]
Local bus services within and around Liverpool are managed by the Merseyside Passenger Transport Executive (more commonly known as Merseytravel)[176] and are run by several different companies, including Arriva and Stagecoach. The two principal termini for local buses are Queen Square Bus Station (located near Lime Street railway station) for services north and east of the city, and Liverpool One Bus Station formerly known as Paradise Street Bus Interchange (located near the Albert Dock) for services to the south and east. Cross-river services to the Wirral use roadside terminus points in Castle Street and Sir Thomas Street. A night bus service also operates on Saturdays providing services from the city centre across Liverpool and Merseyside.[177]
Trains[link]
Liverpool's local rail network is one of the busiest and most extensive in the country. The network consists of three lines: the Northern Line, which runs to Southport, Ormskirk, Kirkby and Hunts Cross; the Wirral Line, which runs through the Mersey Railway Tunnel and has branches to New Brighton, West Kirby, Chester and Ellesmere Port; and the City Line, which begins at Lime Street, providing links to St Helens, Wigan, Preston, Warrington and Manchester.
The network is predominantly electric, with diesel trains running on the City Line. The two lines operated by Merseyrail are the busiest British urban commuter networks outside London, covering 75 miles (121 km) of track, with an average of 100,000 passenger journeys per weekday.[178][179] Services are operated by the Merseyrail franchise and managed by the Merseyside Passenger Transport Executive. It should be noted that local services on the City Line are operated by Northern Rail rather than Merseyrail, although the line itself remains part of the Merseyrail network. Within the city centre the majority of the network is underground, with five city centre stations and over 6.5 miles (10.5 km) of tunnels.[178]
Mersey Ferry[link]
The cross river ferry service in Liverpool, known as the Mersey Ferry, is managed and operated by Merseytravel, with services operating between the Pier Head in Liverpool and both Woodside in Birkenhead and Seacombe in Wallasey. Services operate at intervals ranging from 20 minutes at peak times, to every hour during the middle of the day and during weekends.[180] Despite remaining an important transport link between the city and the Wirral Peninsula, the Mersey Ferry has become an increasingly popular tourist attraction within the city, with daytime River Explorer Cruises providing passengers with an historical overview of the River Mersey and surrounding areas.[181]
Culture[link]
Main article: Culture of Liverpool
As with other large cities, Liverpool is an important cultural centre within the United Kingdom, incorporating music, performing arts, museums and art galleries, literature and nightlife amongst others. In 2008, the cultural heritage of the city was celebrated with the city holding the title of European Capital of Culture, during which time a wide range of cultural celebrations took place in the city, including Go Superlambananas! and La Princesse.
Music[link]
Main articles: Music of Liverpool and Beat music
Liverpool is internationally known for music and is recognised by Guinness World Records as the World Capital City of Pop.[182] Musicians from the city have produced 56 number one singles, more than any other city in the world.[183][184] Both the most successful male band and girl group in global music history have contained Liverpudlian members. Liverpool is most famous as the birthplace of The Beatles and during the 1960s was at the forefront of the Beat Music movement, which would eventually lead to the British Invasion. Many notable musicians of the time originated in the city including Billy J Kramer, Cilla Black, Gerry & the Pacemakers and The Searchers. The influence of musicians from Liverpool, coupled with other cultural exploits of the time, such as the Liverpool poets, prompted American poet Allen Ginsburg to proclaim that the city was "the centre of consciousness of the human universe".[185] Other musicians from Liverpool include Billy Fury, A Flock of Seagulls, Echo and the Bunnymen, Frankie Goes to Hollywood, Frankie Vaughan and more recently Ladytron, The Zutons, Atomic Kitten and Heidi Range.
The city is also home to the oldest surviving professional symphony orchestra in the UK, the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra, which is based in the Philharmonic Hall.[186] The current chief conductor of the orchestra is Vasily Petrenko.[187] Sir Edward Elgar dedicated his famous Pomp and Circumstance March No. 1 to the Liverpool Orchestral Society, and the piece had its first performance in the city in 1901.[citation needed] Among Liverpool's curiosities, the Austrian émigré Fritz Spiegl is notable. He not only became a world expert on the etymology of Scouse, but composed the music to Z-cars and the Radio 4 UK Theme.
The Mathew Street Festival is an annual street festival that is one of the most important musical events in Liverpool's calendar. The dance music festival Creamfields was established by the famous Liverpool-based Cream clubbing brand which started life as a weekly event at Nation nightclub. and There are numerous music venues located acrsoss the city, however the Echo Arena is by far the largest. Opened in 2008 the 11,000-seater arena hosted the MTV Europe Music Awards the same year and since then has held host to world renowned acts such as Andrea Bocelli, Beyoncé, Elton John, Kanye West, Kasabian, The Killers, Lady Gaga, Oasis, Pink, Rihanna, UB40.
Visual arts[link]
Liverpool has more galleries and national museums than any other city in the United Kingdom apart from London.[188] National Museums Liverpool is the only English national collection based wholly outside London.[189] The Tate Liverpool gallery houses the modern art collection of the Tate in the North of England and was, until the opening of Tate Modern, the largest exhibition space dedicated to modern art in the United Kingdom. The FACT centre hosts touring multimedia exhibitions, while the Walker Art Gallery houses an extensive collection of Pre-Raphaelites. Sudley House contains another major collection of pre 20th century art,[190] and the number of galleries continues to expand: Ceri Hand Gallery opened in 2008, exhibiting primarily contemporary art, and Liverpool University's Victoria Building was re-opened as a public art gallery and museum to display the University's artwork and historical collections which include the second-largest display of art by Audubon outside the US.[191] A number of artists have also come from the city, including painter George Stubbs who was born in Liverpool in 1724.
The Liverpool Biennial festival of arts runs from mid-September to late November and comprises three main sections; the International, The Independents and New Contemporaries although fringe events are timed to coincide.[192] It was during the 2004 festival that Yoko Ono's work "My mother is beautiful" caused widespread public protest when photographs of a naked woman's pubic area were exhibited on the main shopping street. Despite protests the work remained in place[citation needed].
Literature[link]
A number of notable authors have visited Liverpool including Daniel Defoe, Washington Irving, Thomas De Quincey, Herman Melville, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Charles Dickens, Gerald Manley Hopkins and Hugh Walpole all of whom spent extended periods in the city[citation needed]. Hawthorne was stationed in Liverpool as United States consul between 1853 and 1856[citation needed]. Although he is not known to have ever visited Liverpool, Jung famously had a vivid dream of the city which he analysed in one of his works.[193]
During the late 1960s the city became well known for the Liverpool poets, who include Roger McGough and the late Adrian Henri. An anthology of poems, The Mersey Sound, written by Henri, McGough and Brian Patten, has sold over 500,000 copies since first being published in 1967[citation needed].
June Bhatia, who writes under the name Helen Forrester, has published many novels about Liverpool, as well as her autobiography Twopence to Cross the Mersey, and its three sequels.
Liverpool has produced several noted writers of horror fiction, often set on Merseyside - Clive Barker and Peter Atkins among them. A collection of Liverpudlian horror fiction, Spook City was edited by a Liverpool expatriate, Angus Mackenzie, and introduced by Doug Bradley, also from Liverpool.[194] Bradley is famed for portraying Barker's creation Pinhead in the Hellraiser series of films. Waterstones Bookshop in Liverpool One hosts an irregular but frequent celebration of horror fiction, Twisted Tales.
Performing arts[link]
Liverpool also has a history of performing arts, reflected in several annual theatre festivals such as the Liverpool Shakespeare Festival which takes place inside Liverpool Cathedral and in the adjacent historic St James' Gardens every summer, The Everyword Festival of new theatre writing, the only one of its kind in the country,[195] Physical Fest, an international festival of physical theatre, organised by Tmesis,[196] the annual festivals run by John Moores University Drama department and LIPA, and by the number of theatres in the city. These include the Empire, Everyman, Liverpool Playhouse, Neptune, Royal Court and Unity theatres. The Everyman and Playhouse are now both part of one company, and both houses produce their own work as well as receiving touring productions.[197][198] The Everyman is due to be rebuilt, with the current building demolished in 2011 and a new venue on the same site planned for a 2013 opening.[199]
Education[link]
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In Liverpool primary and secondary education is available in various forms supported by the state including secular, Church of England, Jewish, and Roman Catholic. Islamic education is available at primary level, but there is currently no secondary provision. One of Liverpool's important early schools was The Liverpool Blue Coat School; founded in 1708 as a charitable school.
The Liverpool Blue Coat School is the top-performing school in the city with 100% 5 or more A*-C grades at GCSE resulting in the 30th best GCSE results in the country and an average point score per student of 1087.4 in A/AS levels.[200] Other notable schools include Liverpool College founded in 1840 Merchant Taylors' School founded in 1620.[201] Another of Liverpool's notable senior schools is St. Edward's College situated in the West Derby area of the city. Historic grammar schools, such as the Liverpool Institute High School and Liverpool Collegiate School, closed in the 1980s are still remembered as centres of academic excellence. Bellerive Catholic College is the city's top performing non selective school, based upon GCSE results in 2007.
Liverpool has three universities: the University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Hope University. Edge Hill University, originally founded as a teacher-training college in the Edge Hill district of Liverpool, is now located in Ormskirk in South-West Lancashire. Liverpool is also home to the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts (LIPA).
The University of Liverpool, was established in 1881 as University College Liverpool. In 1884, became part of the federal Victoria University. Following a Royal Charter and Act of Parliament in 1903, it became an independent university, the University of Liverpool, with the right to confer its own degrees. It was the first university to offer degrees in biochemistry, architecture, civic design, veterinary science, oceanography and social science.
Liverpool Hope University, which was formed through the merger of three colleges, the earliest of which was founded in 1844, gained university status in 2005. It is the only ecumenical university in Europe.[202] It is situated on both sides of Taggart Avenue in Childwall and has a second campus in the city centre (the Cornerstone).
The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, founded to address some of the problems created by trade, continues today as a post-graduate school affiliated with the University of Liverpool and is one of only two institutions internationally that house the de facto standard anti-venom repository.[citation needed]
Liverpool John Moores University was previously a polytechnic, and gained status in 1992. It is named in honour of Sir John Moores, one of the founders of the Littlewoods football pools and retail group, who was a major benefactor. The institution was previously owned and run by Liverpool City Council.
The city has one further education college, Liverpool Community College. Liverpool City Council operates Burton Manor, a residential adult education college in nearby Burton, on the Wirral Peninsula.
There are two Jewish schools in Liverpool, both belonging to the King David Foundation. King David School, Liverpool is the High School and the King David Primary School. There is also a King David Kindergarten, featured in the community centre of Harold House. These schools are all run by the King David Foundation based in Harold House in Childwall; conveniently next door to the Childwall Synagogue
Sport[link]
Liverpool is home to the Premier League football clubs Everton and Liverpool F.C. The city of Liverpool is the only one in England to have staged top division football every single season since the formation of the Football League in 1888, and both of the city's clubs play in high-capacity stadiums. Both Everton and Liverpool have played in the Premier League for every season since its inception in 1992.
Everton are the older of Liverpool's two professional football clubs. They were founded in 1878 and have played at Goodison Park since 1892, when they relocated from the Anfield stadium that was taken over by the new Liverpool club. Everton have been league champions nine times, FA Cup winners five times and European Cup Winners' Cup winners once.[203] Their most successful managers were Harry Catterick and Howard Kendall. Many high profile players have worn the Everton shirt. These include Dixie Dean (who scored a record 60 goals in a single league season), Tommy Lawton, Brian Labone, Ray Wilson, Alan Ball (who both featured in England's World Cup winning side of 1966), Neville Southall, Andy Gray, Gary Lineker, Andrei Kanchelskis, Dave Watson and Wayne Rooney.
Liverpool F.C. are one of the most successful teams in English football, having won 18 league titles, seven FA Cups, eight League Cups, five European Cups and three UEFA Cups. They formed in 1892 and have spent their entire history at the Anfield stadium which they occupied on their formation; it had previously been home to Everton. Liverpool have been in the top flight of English football continuously since 1962 and have been managed by Bill Shankly, Bob Paisley, Joe Fagan, Kenny Dalglish (who also played for the club and for a while was player-manager), Gérard Houllier, Rafael Benítez and Roy Hodgson. Famous Liverpool players include Billy Liddell, Ian St. John, Roger Hunt, Ron Yeats, Emlyn Hughes, Kevin Keegan, Ian Rush, Graeme Souness, Robbie Fowler and Steven Gerrard. However, the club also has an association with tragedy; in 1985, rioting on the terraces during the European Cup final at Heysel Stadium in Brussels, Belgium, resulted in the death of 39 spectators (almost all of them Juventus supporters) and led to all English clubs being barred from European competitions for the next five years (with Liverpool having to serve an extra year when all other English clubs were re-admitted). Four years later, 94 Liverpool fans (the toll eventually reached 96) were crushed to death at Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield at the FA Cup semi-final. This tragedy led to the Taylor Report which saw standing accommodation banned from all top division stadiums by the mid-1990s.
Since the turn of the 21st century, both Liverpool-based clubs have been considering relocation to new stadiums. Liverpool have been planning a new stadium on nearby Stanley Park for some years, while Everton are currently investigating the possibility of a new stadium in Kirkby after an earlier project to relocate to King's Dock fell through due to financial difficulties.
Professional basketball came to the city in 2007 with the entry of Everton Tigers, now known as Mersey Tigers, into the elite British Basketball League. The club was originally associated with Everton F.C., and was part of the Toxteth Tigers youth development programme, which reached over 1,500 young people every year.[204] The Tigers began play in Britain's top league for the 2007–08 season, playing at the Greenbank Sports Academy before moving into the newly completed Echo Arena during that season. After the 2009–10 season, Everton F.C. withdrew funding from the Tigers, who then changed their name to Mersey Tigers. Their closest professional rivals are the Cheshire Jets, based 18 miles (29 km) away in Chester.
County cricket is occasionally played in Liverpool, with Lancashire County Cricket Club typically playing one match every year at Liverpool Cricket Club, Aigburth.
Aintree Racecourse to the north of Liverpool in the adjacent borough of Sefton is home to the famous steeplechase, the Grand National, One of the most famous events in the international horse racing calendar, it is held in early April each year. In addition to horse-racing, Aintree has also hosted motor racing, including the British Grand Prix in the 1950s and 1960s.
Liverpool Harriers, who meet at Wavertree Athletics Centre, are one of five athletic clubs. Liverpool has a long history of boxing that has produced John Conteh, Alan Rudkin and Paul Hodkinson and hosts high level amateur boxing events. Park Road Gymnastics Centre provides training to a high level. The City of Liverpool Swimming Club has been National Speedo League Champions 8 out of the last 11 years. Liverpool Tennis Development Programme based at Wavertree Tennis Centre is one of the largest in the UK.[205] Liverpool is also home to the Red Triangle Karate Club, which provided many of the 1990 squad that won the World Shotokan Championships in Sunderland. Luminaries include Sensei Keinosuke Enoeda, Sensei Frank Brennan, Sensei Omry Weiss, Sensei Dekel Kerer, Sensei Andy Sherry and Sensei Terry O'Neill, who is also famous for various acting roles.
Rugby league is played at amateur and student level within the city; the last professional team bearing the city's name was Liverpool City, which folded in the 1960s. Rugby union has a long, if low key, history in the city with Liverpool Football Club, formed in 1857, making them the oldest open rugby team in the world. They merged with St Helens RUFC in 1986 to form Liverpool St Helens.[206] In Sefton there is Waterloo Rugby Club located in Blundellsands. Established in 1882, they now play in National League 2 North.
Speedway racing has been held at three venues in Liverpool between 1928 and 1960. The most famous of these was Stanley Stadium, Prescot Road, Fairfield, home to Liverpool Chads.
Liverpool is one of three cities which still host the traditional sport of British baseball and it hosts the annual England-Wales international match every two years, alternating with Cardiff and Newport. Liverpool Trojans are the oldest existing baseball club in the UK.
The Royal Liverpool Golf Club, situated in the nearby town of Hoylake on the Wirral Peninsula, has hosted The Open Championship on a number of occasions, most recently in 2006. It also hosted the Walker Cup in 1983.
Sports stadia[link]
Liverpool have played at Anfield since 1892, when the club was formed to occupy the stadium following Everton's departure due to a dispute with their landlord. Liverpool are still playing there 116 years later, although the ground has been completely rebuilt since the 1970s and only the Main Stand survives from before 1992. The Spion Kop (rebuilt as an all-seater stand in 1994/1995) was the most famous part of the ground, gaining cult status across the world due to the songs and celebrations of the many fans who packed onto its terraces. Anfield is classified as a 4 Star UEFA Elite Stadium with capacity for 45,000 spectators in comfort, and is a distinctive landmark in an area filled with smaller and older buildings. Liverpool club also has a multi-million dollar youth training facility called The Academy.
After leaving Anfield in 1892, Everton moved to Goodison Park on the opposite side of Stanley Park. Goodison Park was the first major football stadium built in England. Molineux (Wolves' ground) had been opened three years earlier but was still relatively undeveloped. St. James's Park, Newcastle, opened in 1892, was little more than a field. Only Scotland had more advanced grounds. Rangers opened Ibrox in 1887, while Celtic Park was officially inaugurated at the same time as Goodison Park. Everton performed a miraculous transformation at Mere Green, spending up to £3000 on laying out the ground and erecting stands on three sides. For £552 Mr. Barton prepared the land at 4½d a square yard. Kelly Brothers of Walton built two uncovered stands each for 4,000 people, and a covered stand seating 3,000, at a total cost of £1,460. Outside, hoardings cost a further £150, gates and sheds cost £132 10s and 12 turnstiles added another £7 15s to the bill.
The ground was immediately renamed Goodison Park and proudly opened on 24 August 1892, by Lord Kinnaird and Frederick Wall of the FA. But instead of a match the 12,000 crowd saw a short athletics meeting followed by a selection of music and a fireworks display. Everton's first game there was on 2 September 1892 when they beat Bolton 4–2. It now has the capacity for more than 40,000 spectators all-seated, but the last expansion took place in 1994 when a new goal-end stand gave the stadium an all-seater capacity. The Main Stand dates back to the 1970s, while the other two stands are refurbished pre-Second World War structures.
There are currently plans for both stadiums to be pulled down and for the teams to relocate. Liverpool have been considering a move to a new stadium in Stanley Park since 2000; seven years on work has started and the 60,000-seat stadium is expected to be ready by 2014.
Everton have been considering relocation since 1996, and in 2003 were forced to scrap plans for a 55,000-seat stadium at King's Dock due to financial reasons. The latest plan has been to move beyond Liverpool's council boundary to Kirkby, but this has proved controversial with some fans, as well as members of the local community. At one point there was much talk for Everton to ground-share with Liverpool, at the proposed new Stanley Park Stadium, but this was not progressed by either club.
Media[link]
The ITV region which covers Liverpool is ITV Granada. In 2006, the Television company opened a new newsroom in the Royal Liver Building. Granada's regional news broadcasts were produced at the Albert Dock News Centre during the 1980s and 1990s.[207] The BBC also opened a new newsroom on Hanover Street in 2006.
ITV's daily magazine programme This Morning was famously broadcast from studios at Albert Dock until 1996, when production was moved to London. Granada's short-lived shopping channel "Shop!" was also produced in Liverpool until it was axed in 2002.
Liverpool is the home of the TV production company Lime Pictures, formerly Mersey Television, which produced the now-defunct soap operas Brookside and Grange Hill. It also produces the current soap opera Hollyoaks, which was formerly filmed in Chester and began on Channel 4 in 1995. All three series were/are largely filmed in the Childwall area of Liverpool.
The city has two daily newspapers: the morning Daily Post and the evening Echo, both published by the same company, the Trinity Mirror group. The Daily Post, especially, serves a wider area, including north Wales. The UK's first online only weekly newspaper called Southport Reporter (Southport & Mersey Reporter), is also one of the many other news outlets that covers the city. Radio stations include BBC Radio Merseyside, Juice FM, and Radio City 96.7, City Talk 105.9, as well as Magic 1548. The last three are based in Radio City Tower which, along with the two cathedrals, dominates the city's skyline. The independent media organisation Indymedia also covers Liverpool, while 'Nerve' magazine publishes articles and reviews of cultural events.
Liverpool has also featured in films;[208] see List of films set in Liverpool for some of them. In films the city has "doubled" for London, Paris, New York, Moscow, Dublin, Venice and Berlin.[14][209]
Liverpool was the host city for the 2008 MTV Europe Music Awards.
Notable people[link]
Main articles: List of people from Merseyside and List of bands from Merseyside
Quotes about Liverpool[link]
- "Lyrpole, alias Lyverpoole, a pavid towne, hath but a chapel... The king hath a castelet there, and the Earl of Darbe hath a stone howse there. Irisch merchants cum much thither, as to a good haven... At Lyrpole is smaul custom payed, that causith marchantes to resorte thither. Good marchandis at Lyrpole, and much Irish yarrn that Manchester men do buy there..." – John Leland (antiquary), Itinery, c. 1536–39
- "Liverpoole is one of the wonders of Britain... In a word, there is no town in England, London excepted, that can equal [it] for the fineness of the streets, and the beauty of the buildings." Daniel Defoe – A tour thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain, 1721–26
- "[O]ne of the neatest, best towns I have seen in England." – John Wesley. Journal, 1755
- "I have not come here to be insulted by a set of wretches, every brick in whose infernal town is cemented with an African's blood." Actor George Frederick Cooke (1756–1812) responding to being hissed when he came on stage drunk during a visit to Liverpool.[210]
- "That immense City which stands like another Venice upon the water...where there are riches overflowing and every thing which can delight a man who wishes to see the prosperity of a great community and a great empire... This quondam village, now fit to be the proud capital of any empire in the world, has started up like an enchanted palace even in the memory of living men." Thomas Erskine, 1st Baron Erskine, 1791
- "I have heard of the greatness of Liverpool but the reality far surpasses my expectation" – Prince Albert, speech, 1846
- "Liverpool…has become a wonder of the world. It is the New York of Europe, a world city rather than merely British provincial." – Illustrated London News, 15 May 1886
- "Liverpool is the 'pool of life' " – C.G. Jung, Memories, Dreams, Reflections, 1928
- "The centre is imposing, dignified and darkish, like a city in a rather gloomy Victorian novel...We had now arrived in the heart of the big city, and as usual it was almost a heart of darkness. But it looked like a big city, there was no denying that. Here, emphatically, was the English seaport second only to London. The very weight of stone emphasised that fact. And even if the sun never seems to properly rise over it, I like a big city to proclaim itself a big city at once..." – J.B. Priestley, English Journey, 1934
- "...if Liverpool can get into top gear again there is no limit to the city's potential. The scale and resilience of the buildings and people is amazing – it is a world city, far more so than London and Manchester. It doesn't feel like anywhere else in Lancashire: comparisons always end up overseas – Dublin, or Boston, or Hamburg. The city is tremendous, and so, right up to the First World War, were the abilities of the architects who built over it…… The centre is humane and convenient to walk around in, but never loses its scale. And, in spite of the bombings and the carelessness, it is still full of superb buildings. Fifty years ago it must have outdone anything in England." – Ian Nairn, Britain's Changing Towns, 1967
International links[link]
Twin cities[link]
Liverpool is twinned[211][212] with: Cologne, Germany (1952); Dublin, Ireland (1997); Shanghai, China (1999); and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2003).
Friendship links[link]
Liverpool has friendship links (without formal constitution)[213] with the following cities:
- Givenchy-lès-la-Bassée, France
- Halifax, Canada
- Havana, Cuba
- La Plata, Argentina
- Memphis, US
- Minamitane, Japan
- Naples, Italy
- New Orleans, US
- Odessa, Ukraine
- Ponsacco, Italy
- Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
- Valparaíso, Chile
See also[link]
- 1911 Liverpool general transport strike
- 2008 European Amateur Boxing Championships
- Liverpool Stadium
- La Princesse, the giant mechanical spider roaming the streets in September 2008
- Big Dig (Liverpool)
- Culture in Liverpool
- List of films and television shows set in Liverpool
- International Garden Festival
- Port of Liverpool
- Williamson Tunnels
- Liverpool Football Club
- Everton Football Club
- Magistrates Courts, Liverpool
Further reading[link]
- Liverpool, Dixon Scott, 1907
- A History of Liverpool, Ramsay Muir, 1907
- Bygone Liverpool, Ramsay Muir, 1913
- Bygone Liverpool, David Clensy, 2008. ISBN 978-1-4357-0897-6
- Liverpool 800, John Belchem, 2006. ISBN 978-1-84631-035-5
- Beatle Pete, Time Traveller, Mallory Curley, 2005.
- Chinese Liverpudlians, Maria Lin Wong, 1989. ISBN 978-1-871201-03-1
- Writing Liverpool: Essays and Interviews, edited by Michael Murphy and Rees Jones, 2007. ISBN 978-1-84631-073-7
References[link]
Notes[link]
- ^ "Is Liverpool still the world in one city?". http://www.liv.ac.uk/news/press_releases/2006/07/liverpool800.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-01.
- ^ a b "Neighbourhood Statistics: Resident Population Estimates by Ethnic Group (Percentages)". Office for National Statistics. http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=276787&c=liverpool&d=13&e=13&g=359393&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1305914899812&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812. Retrieved 2011-05-20.
- ^ Rogers, Simon (30 June 2011). "UK population: find out what's happened near you". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2011/jun/30/uk-population-growth-data.
- ^ "Key Statistics for urban areas in the North – Contents, Introduction, Tables KS01 – KS08". Office for National Statistics. http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/census2001/ks_urban_north_part_1.pdf. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
- ^ Many people "self-identify" as Liverpudlians or Scousers without actually being born or living within the city boundaries of Liverpool. Many people from within the greater Merseyside area consider themselves thus, although many don't. Conversely, a number of people from Liverpool itself may not consider themselves Scousers, since the term for them may have pejorative overtones.
- ^ "Report on the Nominations from the UK and Norway for the European Capital of Culture 2008" (PDF). http://ec.europa.eu/culture/pdf/doc1155_en.pdf. Retrieved 2008-07-11.
- ^ "Liverpool – Maritime Mercantile City". UK Local Authority World Heritage Forum. Archived from the original on 2008-04-23. http://web.archive.org/web/20080423041054/http://www.lawhf.gov.uk/LAWHF/liverpool.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-09.
- ^ "The Lost Dock of Liverpool". Channel 4: Time Team, 21 April 2008. http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/T/timeteam/2008/liverpool/liverpool-found.html. Retrieved 2008-06-02.
- ^ "Liverpool Dock System". New York Times, 2 January 1898. 1898-01-02. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9C07EFD91039E433A25751C0A9679C94699ED7CF. Retrieved 2008-06-02. Note: "pdf" reader needed to see full article
- ^ Liverpool Beach. SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica.
- ^ "Riots and lynchings, fascists and immigrants: what's changed?". Searchlight Magazine. http://www.searchlightmagazine.com/index.php?link=template&story=35. Retrieved 2011-08-05.
- ^ "A History of Liverpool". Localhistories.org. http://www.localhistories.org/liverpool.html. Retrieved 2011-12-13.
- ^ [1]
- ^ a b Ten facts about Liverpool Telegraph, 4 June 2003
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- ^ Henderson, W.O. (1933). The Liverpool office in London. Economica xiii. London School of Economics. pp. 473–479.
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- ^ "Victoria & Albert Museum. London". Vam.ac.uk. 2005-06-01. http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/periods_styles/19thcentury/steam/other_transport/index.html. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
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- ^ Liverpool Wiki Liverpool's Historic Rail Tunnels
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- ^ Speeches of Henry, Lord Brougham Vol. II, 1841, Lea and Blanchard, Philadelphia
- ^ Bisson, Frederick (1884). Our schools and colleges. London: Simpkin, Marshall. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XcNJZAcjHQwC&q=girls+school+1844+liverpool+first&dq=girls+school+1844+liverpool+first&num=100.
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- ^ "The Scottie Press". The Scottie Press. http://www.scottiepress.org.uk/projects/martinplq.htm. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ Adler, N (1925). The work of Juvenile Courts. Third Series, Vol.7, No.4. Cambridge University Press: Journal of International and Comparative Law. pp. 217–227. JSTOR 753176.
- ^ Garner, Robert (1993). Animals, politics, and morality. Manchester: University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-3575-3. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GSK8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA41&dq=liverpool+rspca+wanton-cruelty&num=100.
- ^ Hendrick, Harry (2005). Child welfare and social policy – an essential reader. The Policy Press. ISBN 978-1-86134-566-0. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=eYr7CllxrLUC&pg=PA37&dq=nspcc+liverpool+first&num=100.
- ^ Derren Hayes. "communitycare.co.uk". communitycare.co.uk. http://www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/2009/01/01/110282/liverpool-pss-planting-the-seed-of-modern-social-work.html. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ Jackie Rand (2009-05-01). "BBC Politics Show, 1 May 2009". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/politics_show/8022549.stm. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ Wohl, Anthony S. (1984). Endangered Lives: Public Health in Victorian Britain. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-416-37950-1. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=E5kOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA73&dq=public+baths+liverpool+rathbone.
- ^ The first M.O.H. (review by C. Fraser Brockington) British Medical Journal 14 February 1948
- ^ Dennis, Richard (1986). English Industrial Cities of the Nineteenth Century: A Social Geography.. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-33839-4. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=NQQQ5Dq9RWgC&pg=PA167&dq=liverpool+first+slum+clearance&num=100.
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- ^ Wallington, Neil. One Hundred Years of the British Fire Engine. Jeremy Mills Publishing. ISBN 978-1-906600-30-3. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7LZain9YBTkC&pg=PA9&dq=fire-engine+motorised+liverpool+1901.
- ^ "National Museums,Liverpool". Liverpoolmuseums.org.uk. http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/collections/liverpoollives/jessie_reid_crosbie.aspx. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ BBC News 12 May 1998
- ^ Liverpool University press release, 22 February 2006
- ^ "Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine". Liv.ac.uk. http://www.liv.ac.uk/lstm/about/history_of_the_school.htm. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ Liverpool's Contributions to Medicine Lord Cohen of Birkenhead BMJ 1965 April 10; 1(5440): 945–948
- ^ 125 years of the International Union of Marine Insurance. Verlag Versicherungswirtsch. 1999. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RdVOPhSMsvMC&pg=PR7&dq=world+liverpool-underwriters+association+oldest+OR+first+1802+OR+1803. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
- ^ Alexander, Carol; Sheedy, Elizabeth (2007). The Professional Risk Managers' Guide to Financial Markets. McGraw Hill Professional. ISBN 978-0-07-154648-5. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=upN4A6jOpkoC&pg=PA126&dq=futures+cotton+derivative+liverpool+rice&num=100. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
- ^ "BBC news, 13 May 2008". BBC News. 2008-05-13. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/merseyside/7397702.stm. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ "Culture 24". Culture 24. 2006-11-26. http://www.culture24.org.uk/mw189. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ Henley, Darren; McKernan, Vincent (2009), The Original Liverpool Sound: The Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Society, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, p. 68, ISBN 978-1-84631-224-3
- ^ Pevsner Architectural Guides: Liverpool, Joseph Sharples, 2004, Yale University Press
- ^ Black's Guide to Liverpool and Birkenhead, 1871, Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh
- ^ George R. Matthews (2005). America's first Olympics: the St. Louis games of 1904 University of Missouri Press ISBN 978-0-8262-1588-8
- ^ Ingomar Weiler (2004). The predecessors of the Olympic movement, and Pierre de Coubertin European Review, Vol. 12, No. 3, Cambridge University Press
- ^ Craig Reedie, Jim Parry, Vassil Girginov (2005). The Olympic Games Explained: A Student Guide to the Evolution of the Modern Olympic Games Routledge ISBN 978-0-415-34604-7
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- ^ Liverpool Scenes 1896/1897 YouTube
- ^ Liverpool City Council News, 14 October 2008
- ^ BBC News 26 May 1999
- ^ "The role of mayor". May 2012. http://liverpool.gov.uk/council/voting-and-elections/Mayoral-elections-2012/The-role-of-mayor. Retrieved 07 May 2012.
- ^ "Cabinet of mayors proves controversial offer to local authorities". 27 April 2012. http://www.guardian.co.uk/local-government-network/2012/apr/27/cabinet-mayors-local-authorities-analysis. Retrieved 07 May 2012.
- ^ "Role of the Lord Mayor". May 2012. http://liverpool.gov.uk/council/councillors-committees-and-meetings/lord-mayor. Retrieved 07 May 2012.
- ^ [Councillor Frank Prendergast "The Lord Mayor"]. http://liverpool.gov.uk/council/councillors-committees-and-meetings/lord-mayor/. Councillor Frank Prendergast. Retrieved 2012-04-13.
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Bibliography[link]
- Hughes, Quentin (1999). Liverpool: City of Architecture. Bluecoat Press. ISBN 1-872568-21-1.
- Liverpool City Council (2005). Maritime Mercantile City: Liverpool. Liverpool University Press. ISBN 1-84631-006-7.
- Moscardini, Anthony (2008). Liverpool City Centre: Architecture and Heritage. Bluecoat Press. ISBN 978-1-904438-64-9.
- Nicholls, Robert (2005). Curiosities of Merseyside. Sutton Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7509-3984-3.
- Sharples, Joseph (2004). Pevsner Architectural Guides: Liverpool. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10258-5.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Liverpool |
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Wikinews has related news: Liverpool |
- Liverpool Pictorial
- Liverpool City Council
- Official Liverpool European Capital of Culture website
- Official Liverpool Tourism Site
- Origins of the name Liverpool
- Liverpool travel guide from Wikitravel
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Helicopter parent is a colloquial, late 20th and early 21st-century term for a parent who pays extremely close attention to their child's or children's experiences and problems, particularly at educational institutions. The term was originally coined by Foster W. Cline, M.D. and Jim Fay in their 1990 book Parenting with Love and Logic: Teaching Children Responsibility,[1] although Dr. Haim Ginott mentions a teen who complains, "Mother hovers over me like a helicopter..." on page 18 of the bestselling book Between Parent & Teenager published in 1969. Helicopter parents are so named because, like helicopters, they hover closely overhead, rarely out of reach, whether their children need them or not. In Scandinavia, this phenomenon is known as curling parenthood and describes parents who attempt to sweep all obstacles out of the paths of their children. It is also called "overparenting". Parents try to resolve their child's problems, and try to stop them coming to harm by keeping them out of dangerous situations.[2][3]
Some college professors and administrators[who?] are now referring to "Lawnmower parents" to describe mothers and fathers who attempt to smooth out and mow down all obstacles, to the extent that they may even attempt to interfere at their children's workplaces, regarding salaries and promotions, after they have graduated from college and are supposedly living on their own. As the children of "helicopter parents" graduate and move into the job market, personnel and human resources departments are becoming acquainted with the phenomenon as well. Some have reported that parents have even begun intruding on salary negotiations.[4]
Contents |
Origins[link]
The term "helicopter parents" is a pejorative expression for parents that has been widely used in the media; however, there has been little academic research into the phenomenon. Foster W. Cline, M.D. and Jim Fay coined and defined "helicopter parents" very precisely in a section on "ineffective parenting styles" in their 1990 book Parenting with Love and Logic: Teaching Children Responsibility. It gained wide currency when American college administrators began using it in the early 2000s as the Millennial Generation began reaching college age. Their Baby Boomer[5] parents in turn earned notoriety for practices such as calling their children each morning to wake them up for class and complaining to their professors about grades the children had received. Some of these parents had chosen their child's college and hired consultants to help fine-tune the application process.[citation needed] Summer camp officials have also reported similar behavior from parents.[6]
The rise of the cell phone is often blamed for the explosion of helicopter parenting — University of Georgia professor Richard Mullendore called it "the world's longest umbilical cord."[5] Parents, for their part, point to rising college tuitions, saying they are just protecting their investment or acting like any other consumer.[7]
The phenomenon is described in the British novel "May Contain Nuts" by John O'Farrell.[8] The novel was subsequently made into a television show. In the novel, a child's mother poses as her daughter in order to take her daughter's upper school entrance exams—since she doesn't trust her daughter to do well enough on the examinations herself. The novel nicely illustrates the paradox of a parent wishing to help their child to achieve success while simultaneously undermining their child's self-esteem through preventing them from either achieving independence or experiencing the consequences of their own actions. In Britain, officials have been contemplating changes to their policies regarding the process of applying to university[citation needed]—largely due to rising numbers of helicopter parents.
The American website "collegeconfidential" also provides many venues for parents to be closely involved in their children's college application processes and frequently includes discussions of the phenomenon of helicopter parenting—with parents debating whether it is appropriate to be involved in helping an adult child select university classes to take, whether parents should expect to communicate with university professors or staff to resolve problems like textbook availability or roommate issues, and whether parents should then go on to be involved in decisions regarding postgraduate studies such as whether or not to earn a Master's or Doctorate degree.
Literature[link]
Sociological ethnographer Annette Lareau has studied this phenomenon for many years. She most recently has studied its dependency effects in childrearing. She studied two families, a middle class family with a little girl and a family living in poverty with a little boy, in her book Unequal Childhoods (Lareau 2003). The girl’s family raised her in a method she calls the Concerted Cultivation Method and the boy’s family raised their son in the Natural Growth Method (Lareau 2003). Concerted Cultivation is another term used to describe a helicopter parent. Natural Growth is defined as a form of child rearing that allows the child social freedom free of parental constraints. Lareau looked at the both children’s interactions with authority and their ability to develop into adulthood successfully. The girl, raised in the Helicopter Method, grew up to question authority and feel a sense of entitlement. Lareau explains that her affluent parents always reinforced to the child that she was “deserving” of anything she wanted, and this mentality led her to have a superiority complex as an adult. The boy, raised in the Natural Growth Method, grew up obeying authority no matter what his individual opinion was of a situation. He was always raised to obey parents and elders no matter what, even if he was being told to do the wrong thing. The girl was always sarcastic with authority and believed that she was superior to authority figures in her life. The boy would be submissive to authority, but would feel aggression towards them because of pacification and would in turn act out in violent rage from time to time. Furthermore, she explains that the little girl grows up to be excessively dependent on her parents and is not able to make life decisions without their presence whereas the converse is true for the little boy. The boy in her story is able to grow up and be an individual and make his own life decisions. Lareau explains that helicopter parenting is inhibiting the natural neurological processes that help us grow into adulthood. It slows that maturation process of the brain and prohibits children from free thought, therefore resulting in dependency issues in adulthood.
Risk aversion[link]
Risk management is a key skill for everybody,[3][9][10] but which some children are denied; helicopter parents often restrict their children's activities.[11][12] Alongside the constant supervision of children is extreme risk aversion and a disproportionate paranoia[13] about risks covered in media reports[14] such as pedophilia. Children are encouraged to spend more time indoors, for example watching television, instead of exploring outdoors. The longer term risks of these practises, such as obesity,[15] bad health and poor risk assessment are accepted because of the perceived child protection advantages. It also deepens generational segregation, encouraging children to view adults as potential abusers.[16]
Institutions such as schools often follow similar risk-averse principles, keeping children in the classroom for more time and forbidding even those activities previously considered a normal part of life.[citation needed] In the longer term, the children remain inexperienced both in dealing with the real world, and in making decisions.[citation needed]
Alternatives[link]
To counter the risk aversion, some parents propose stepping back and allowing children to do their own thing. The term "slow parenting" from Carl Honoré's book Under Pressure,[17] and the books The Idle Parent[18] and Free-Range Kids[19] are broadly equivalent. Forest kindergartens are common in Scandinavia and growing in other countries such as Scotland. Outdoor education or play is gradually gaining popularity.[20]
See also[link]
- Kyoiku mama ("Education mother")
- Father Knows Worst (Simpsons episode)
References[link]
- ^ Cline, Foster W.; Fay, Jim (1990). Parenting with Love and Logic: Teaching Children Responsibility. Pinon Press. pp. 23–25. ISBN 0-89109-311-7. http://www.loveandlogic.com
- ^ Over-protective Parents on consistent-parenting-advice.com
- ^ a b The Biggest Problems Facing Youth by Angela Bennett in Family Times
- ^ Armour, Stephanie (2007-04-23). "'Helicopter' parents hover when kids job hunt". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/money/economy/employment/2007-04-23-helicopter-parents-usat_N.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-05.
- ^ a b Briggs, Sarah; Confessions of a 'Helicopter Parent' (.PDF.), retrieved May 1, 2006
- ^ Kelley, Tina (2008-07-26). "Dear Parents: Please Relax, It's Just Camp". The New York Times (The New York Times Company). http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/26/nyregion/26camp.html. Retrieved 2008-07-28.
- ^ Alsop, Ron (2008). The Trophy Kids Grow Up: How the Millennial Generation is Shaking Up The Workplace. Jossey-Bass. ISBN 978-0-470-22954-5.
- ^ O'Farrell, John (2005). May Contain Nuts. Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-60608-0.
- ^ Loynes, Chris (1992). Is it Right to be Safe? (Annual Review of Environmental Education ed.). Council for Environmental Education. http://www.thresholdconsulting.co.uk/articlesPDF/safe.pdf
- ^ Ungar, Michael. Too Safe for their Own Good. ISBN 978-0-7710-8708-0.
- ^ Gill, Tim (2007). No fear: Growing up in a Risk Averse Society. Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. p. 81. ISBN 978-1-903080-08-5. http://www.gulbenkian.org.uk/media/item/1266/223/No-fear-19.12.07.pdf.
- ^ Parents are paranoid about child safety warns Government expert referring to Professor Tanya Byron, in The Telegraph, 10 June 2009
- ^ "Q & A: Vetting and Barring Scheme". BBC News Web (BBC News). 11 September 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/8156124.stm.
- ^ The child safety catch, BBC news 7 February 2001
- ^ Childhood Obesity, Parliamentary Science and Technology Postnote 205, September 2003
- ^ When panic shapes policy by Mark Easton, BBC Home Editor
- ^ Honoré, Carl (2008). Under Pressure: Rescuing Our Children From The Culture Of Hyper-Parenting. Orion. ISBN 978-0-7528-7531-6.
- ^ Hodgkinson, Tom (2009). The Idle Parent: Why Less Means More When Raising Kids. Hamish Hamilton. pp. 233. ISBN 978-0-241-14373-5. http://idler.co.uk/news/the-idle-parent/.
- ^ Skenazy, Lenore (2009). Free Range Kids: Giving Our Children the Freedom We Had without Going Nuts with Worry. Jossey Bass. pp. 256. ISBN 978-0-470-47194-4.
- ^ Is it time to let children play outdoors once more?, in The Guardian 30 March 2008
External links[link]
 |
Look up helicopter parent in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
- At WordSpy
- August 2005 Wall Street Journal article on helicopter parents at colleges.
- Roots, wings & helicopters from USA Today
- Overbearing Helicopter Parents Keep Tabs from The Minaret (student newspaper)
- When Does It End? from Connecticut Magazine
- Don't Be a Helicopter Parent! from Katu.com
- Lareau, A. (2003). Unequal childhoods: class, race, and family life. Berkeley: Univ of California Press.
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"Dr. paul" redirects here. For the physician and U.S. congressman, see Ron Paul.
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| Paul Dobransky | |
|---|---|
| Born | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA |
| Residence | Chicago, Illinois |
| Citizenship |  United States of America |
| Fields | Psychiatry, Television personality, radio personality, author, speaker, |
| Institutions | Fox New National, NBC' nightline |
| Alma mater | University of Pittsburgh M.D., |
| Known for | Relationship theory, character development, Grief, Loss, and Dating |
Paul Dobransky, also known as "Dr. Paul", is an American psychiatrist, television and radio personality, author, speaker, former business consultant and CEO of several websites. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and is currently living in Chicago, Illinois. .[1]
Dobransky delivers seminars on dating and relationships to men and women in Chicago, Montreal, and London, and seminars using Mind OS (a synthesis of the disciplines of psychology) to instruct on character maturity, personal growth, communication, decision-making and team-building, as well as gender communication.[1] . He has appeared on television programs including The Bachelor, NBC's Nightline, Anderson Cooper 360°, and Fox News.
He also owns a personality temperament diagram used to analyze social and person interaction called King Warrior Magician Lover (KMWL) as well as streming podcasts for NBC on sex, dating, and relationships.[2][3]
Dobransky has been a guest speaker in several programs by David DeAngelo, and appeared in numerous television journalism programs (CNN, Fox News National, NBC's Nightline), on radio (currently he is a weekly guest on a syndicated radio show, 2nd Shift, with host Alan Kabel), and print media, including the magazines Maxim, Men's Health, Men's Fitness, Men's Journal, Cosmopolitan, Marie Claire, First For Women, Women's Health, Self, and Psychology Today.[1]
Books[link]
- The Power of Female Friendship (2008) ISBN 978-0-452-28943-7
- The Secret Psychology of How We Fall In Love (2007) ISBN 978-0-452-28818-8
- The Tortoise and Hare Quit the Rat Race: Fulfillment Through Brief Solution-Focused Psychoanalysis (2003) ISBN 978-1-4107-1762-7
- Bathsheba (2005) ISBN 978-1-4208-2423-0
- Get Your Send On (eBook)
References[link]
- ^ a b c Dobransky, Paul. "Quick examination of Psychiatrist's prolific resume and various blog appearances". Women's Happiness. http://www.womenshappiness.com/presskit/professionalbio.php. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
- ^ Dobransky, Paul. "Bloggers Biography". Psychologytoday. http://www.psychologytoday.com/experts/paul-dobransky-md. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
- ^ "Dr. Paul uses a toughened relationship therapy". Men's Health.com. http://www.menshealth.com/coolestjobs/paul-dobransky/paul-dobransky2.php. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
External links[link]
- http://psychiatrists.psychologytoday.com/rms/name/Paul_Dobransky_MD_Chicago_Illinois_35205/ Psychology Today
- http://www.womenshap piness.com/about/ About Dr Paul
- http://www.facebook.com/dr.paulMD?sk=info/ Facebook - Dr Paul
- http://www.menspsychology.com/presskit/mediaresume.php - Extensive resume involving various appearances on critical news shows, on lince columns, magazines, etc .
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Dobransky, Paul |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | |
| Place of birth | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
