The University of Washington (commonly referred to as Washington or UDub) is a public research university in Seattle, Washington, United States. Founded in 1861, UW is the largest university in the Northwest and one of the oldest universities on the West Coast.[4] The university has three campuses: the largest in the University District, Seattle and two others in Tacoma and Bothell. Its operating expenses for fiscal year 2010 was more than US$ 5.0 billion.[5][not in citation given] The UW occupies over 500 buildings, with over 20 million gross square footage of space, including the latest University of Washington Plaza consisting of the 325 ft UW Tower and conference center.
The University of Washington is considered a Public Ivy institution and is a member of the American Association of Universities.[6][7] The university's research budget is among one of the highest in the United States and the university consistently ranks among the top 20 universities in the world.[8] In athletics, the university competes in the NCAA Division I Pacific-12 Conference (Pac-12).
The city of Seattle was one of several settlements in the mid to late 19th century vying for primacy in the newly formed Washington Territory. In 1854, territorial governor Isaac Stevens recommended the establishment of a university in Washington. Several prominent Seattle-area residents, chief among them Methodist preacher Daniel Bagley, saw the siting of this University as a chance to add to the city's prestige. They were able to convince early founder of Seattle and member of the territorial legislature Arthur A. Denny of the importance of Seattle winning the school. The legislature initially chartered two universities, one in Seattle and one in Lewis County, but later repealed its decision in favor of a single university in Lewis County, provided locally donated land could be found. When no site emerged, the legislature, encouraged by Denny, relocated the university to Seattle in 1858.
In 1861, scouting began for an appropriate 10 acres (4 ha) site in Seattle to serve as the campus for a new university. Denny, along with fellow pioneers Edward Lander and Charlie Terry, donated a site on "Denny's Knoll" in downtown Seattle. This tract was bounded by 4th and 6th Avenues on the west and east and Union and Seneca Streets on the north and south.
UW opened officially on November 4, 1861, as the Territorial University of Washington. The following year, the legislature passed articles formally incorporating the University and establishing a Board of Regents. The school struggled initially, closing three times: in 1863 for lack of students, and again in 1867 and 1876 due to shortage of funds. However, Clara Antoinette McCarty Wilt became the first graduate of UW in 1876 when she graduated from UW with a bachelor's degree in science. By the time Washington entered the Union in 1889, both Seattle and the University had grown substantially. Enrollment had increased from an initial 30 students to nearly 300, and the relative isolation of the campus had given way to encroaching development. A special legislative committee headed by UW graduate Edmond Meany was created for the purpose of finding a new campus better able to serve the growing student population. The committee selected a site on Union Bay northeast of downtown, and the legislature appropriated funds for its purchase and subsequent construction.
An aerial view of the UW campus, dating from 1922 or before
The University relocated from downtown to the new campus in 1895, moving into the newly built Denny Hall. The regents tried and failed to sell the old campus, and eventually settled on leasing the area. The University still owns what is now called the Metropolitan Tract. In the heart of the city, it is among the most valuable pieces of real estate in Seattle and generates millions of US$ in revenue annually.
The original Territorial University building was torn down in 1908 and its former site currently houses the Fairmont Olympic Hotel. The sole surviving remnants of UW's first building are four 24-foot (7.3 m), white, hand-fluted cedar, Ionic columns. They were salvaged by Edmond S. Meany—one of the University's first graduates and the former head of the history department. Meany and his colleague, Dean Herbert T. Condon, dubbed each of the columns "Loyalty," "Industry," "Faith" and "Efficiency," or "LIFE." The columns now stand in the Sylvan Grove Theater.[9]
Organizers of the 1909 Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition eyed the still largely undeveloped campus as a prime setting for their world's fair. They came to an agreement with the Board of Regents that allowed them to use the campus grounds for the exposition. In exchange, the University would be able to take advantage of the development of the campus for the fair after its conclusion. This included a detailed site plan and several buildings. The plan for the A-Y-P Exposition prepared by John Charles Olmsted was later incorporated into the overall campus master plan and permanently affected the layout of the campus.
Both World Wars brought the military to the campus, with certain facilities temporarily loaned to the federal government. The subsequent post-war periods were times of dramatic growth for the University. The period between the wars saw significant expansion on the upper campus. Construction of the liberal arts quadrangle, known to students as "The Quad," began in 1916 and continued in stages until 1939. The first two wings of Suzzallo Library, considered the architectural centerpiece of the University, were built in 1926 and 1935, respectively. Further growth came with the end of World War II and passage of the G.I. Bill. Among the most important developments of this period was the opening of the medical school in 1946. It would eventually grow into the University of Washington Medical Center, now ranked by U.S. News and World Report among the top ten hospitals in the United States. It was during this era in University of Washington history in which many Japanese Americans were sent away from the university to internment camps along the West-coast of the United States as part of Executive Order 9066 following the attacks on Pearl Harbor. As a result, many Japanese American "soon-to-be" graduates were unable to receive their diplomas and be recognized for their accomplishment at the university until the University of Washington's commemoration ceremony for the Japanese Americans entitled The Long Journey Home held on May 18, 2008 at the main campus.
In the early 1950s, the University of Washington Police Department was established. It currently has jurisdiction over the University of Washington campus and University-owned housing, except for the Radford Court apartments in Sand Point.
The University has its Spanish headquarters in the old city of
León in collaboration with the
University of León.
The 1960s and 1970s are known as the "golden age" of the university due to the tremendous growth in students, facilities, operating budget and prestige under the leadership of Charles Odegaard from 1958 to 1973. Enrollment at UW more than doubled—from around 16,000 to 34,000—as the baby boom generation came of age. As was the case at many American universities, this era was marked by high levels of student activism, with much of the unrest focused around opposition to the Vietnam War. Odegaard instituted a vision of building a "community of scholars" and convinced the state of Washington legislatures to increase their investments towards the university. Additionally, Washington senators, Henry M. Jackson and Warren G. Magnuson used their political clout to funnel federal research monies to the University of Washington and to this day, UW is among the top recipients of federal research funds in the United States. The results included an operating budget increase of $37 million in 1958, to over $400 million in 1973, and 35 new buildings that doubled the floor space of the university.
The University opened campuses in Bothell and Tacoma in 1990. Initially, these campuses offered curricula for students seeking bachelor's degrees who have already completed two years of higher education, but both schools have transitioned to four year universities, accepting the first freshman class in the fall of 2006. Both campuses offer master's degree programs as well. In 2009 the University opened an office in the Spanish city of León in collaboration with the local university.
The University of Washington, Seattle campus is situated on the shores of Union and Portage Bays, with views of the Cascade Range to the east and the Olympic Mountains to the west. The main campus is bounded on the west by 15th Avenue N.E., on the north by N.E. 45th Street, on the east by Montlake Boulevard N.E., and on the south by N.E. Pacific Street. East Campus stretches east of Montlake Boulevard to Laurelhurst and is largely taken up by wetlands and sports fields. South Campus occupies the land between Pacific Street and the Lake Washington Ship Canal which used to be a golf course and is given over to the health sciences, oceanography, fisheries, and the University of Washington Medical Center. West Campus is less of a separate entity than the others, many of its facilities being on city streets, and stretches between 15th Avenue and Interstate 5 from the Ship Canal to N.E. 41st Street. University Way, known locally as "The Ave", lies nearby and is a focus for much student life at the university.
Several major motion picture films were filmed on campus or used it as a backdrop, including The Sixth Man,[citation needed] WarGames,[citation needed] and What the Bleep!?: Down the Rabbit Hole.[citation needed]
The current President of the University of Washington is Michael K. Young. Phyllis Wise, who had previously served as Provost and Executive Vice President and for a year as Interim President, was named the Chancellor of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in August 2011.[10]
The University is governed by ten regents, one of whom is a student. Its most notable current regent is likely William H. Gates, Sr., father of Bill Gates. The undergraduate student government is the Associated Students of the University of Washington (ASUW) and the graduate student government is the Graduate and Professional Student Senate (GPSS).
The University offers bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees through its 140 departments, themselves organized into various colleges and schools:[11]
In 2006, the University of Washington research budget passed the $1 billion milestone.[12] Virtually all of the funding came from peer-reviewed research proposals. UW research budget consistently ranks among the top 5 in both public and private universities in the United States.[13][14] UW is also the largest recipient of federal research funding among public universities and second among all public and private universities in the country, a position that the university has held each year since 1974.[15] The university is an elected member of the Association of American Universities.
For Fall 2011, the University of Washington admitted about 56.1% of applicants.[16] As of the 2011–12 autumn term, the university had 42,428 students, making it the largest university (in terms of student population) on the west coast.[17] In 2011, the average high school GPA of incoming freshmen was 3.78, and the average SAT score was 1795.[18] About 33% of all undergraduates are members of minority groups.[19][20]
Among the faculty, there are five winners of Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research, one winner of the Fields Medal, eight winners of the Gairdner Foundation International Award, twelve MacArthur Fellows, two winners of the National Book Award, one winner of the National Medal of Arts, five winners of the National Medal of Science, six Nobel Prize laureates, nineteen winners of the Presidential Early Career Awards in Science and Engineering, and two Pulitzer Prize winners. Additionally, among UW faculty are fifty-eight members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, four members of the American Philosophical Society, thirteen Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigators, forty-eight members of the Institute of Medicine, fifteen members of the National Academy of Engineering, and sixty members of the National Academy of Sciences.[21]
The University of Washington library system is the 18th largest library in the United States, with holdings of more than 7.5 million volumes.[22] The Association of Research Libraries ranked the UW library system between the top fifth and fifteenth in various categories.[23]
UW is also the host university of ResearchChannel program, the only TV channel in the United States dedicated solely for the dissemination of research from academic institutions and research organizations.[24] Current participation of ResearchChannel includes 36 universities, 15 research organizations, two corporate research centers and many other affiliates.[25] UW also disseminates knowledge through its proprietary UWTV channel and online.[26]
To promote equal academic opportunity, especially for people of low income, UW launched Husky Promise in 2006. Families of income up to 65 percent of state median income or 235 percent of federal poverty level are eligible. With this, up to 30 percent of undergraduate students may be eligible. The cut-off income level that UW set is the highest in the nation, making top quality education available to more people. Then UW President, Mark Emmert, simply said that being "elitist is not in our DNA".[27][28] "Last year, the University of Washington moved to a more comprehensive approach [to admissions], in which the admissions staff reads the entire application and looks at grades within the context of the individual high school, rather than relying on computerized cutoffs."[29]
Since 1977, there has been a Transition School and Early Entrance Program on campus.[30] "The Early Entrance Program is the Robinson Center’s original early university entrance program. Recognized as one of the most prestigious early university entrance programs in the nation, this program facilitates early entry to the University of Washington for a carefully selected group of sixteen highly-capable young students younger than fifteen (15) years old. As mandated by state law, students must have completed 6th grade in order to enroll in the Transition School." This Robinson Center also has a program called the UW Academy for Young Scholars: "The UW Academy is the premier early university entrance program for high school students in Washington State. A small cohort of up to thirty-five academically advanced and highly motivated students are admitted to the UW Academy each year. Students apply to the UW Academy during their 10th grade year, and if accepted, withdraw from high school at the end of 10th grade to enroll as freshmen at the University of Washington." All Academy students are automatically admitted into the UW Honors Program.
In 2012, U.S. News and World Report ranked UW's undergraduate program 42nd among "national universities" and 10th among public universities.[37] UW was ranked 50th in 1996, 42nd in 1997, not in the top 50 in 1998 and 1999, 44th in 2000, 45th in 2001 and 2002, 47th in 2003, 45th in 2004, 46th in 2005, and 42nd in 2007.[38][39]
Among graduate programs, in 2012 U.S. News ranked UW's program in nursing first,[40] social work third,[41] pharmacy fifth,[42] library and information science fourth,[43] public health sixth,[44] computer science seventh,[45] education seventh,[46] medicine ninth,[47] engineering 21st,[48] and law 20th.[49] UW's nursing school has ranked first each year in the U.S. News rankings since the magazine began ranking nursing schools in 1993.[50]
In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, the university ranked 25th in 2011–2012[51] and 23rd in 2010–2011.[52] In the QS World University Rankings, UW ranked 55th in 2010 and 56th in 2011.[53] In the Times Higher Education–QS World University Rankings, UW ranked 59th in 2008 and 80th in 2009.[54]
In the Washington Monthly college rankings for national universities, the university ranked 23rd in 2011,[55] 16th in 2010,[56] 14th in 2009,[57] 14th in 2007,[58] and 15th in 2006.[59]
In the Kiplinger magazine's 2012 "Best Values in Public Colleges" list, the university ranked 14th for in-state students and 18th for out-of-state students[60]
In 2011, the university ranked second among universities by number of undergraduate alumni currently serving as Peace Corps volunteers, at 110.[61] UW tied for third in 2010 (94 volunteers),[62] first in 2009 (101 volunteers),[63] first in 2008 (104 volunteers)[64] and first in 2007 (113 volunteers).[65]
In the TrendTopper MediaBuzz/Global Language Monitor's rankings of universities by Internet presence, UW ranked 12th in 2012 and 17th in 2011.[66]
The student newspaper is The Daily of the University of Washington, usually referred to as simply The Daily. It is the second largest daily in Seattle and is published every day classes are in session during fall, winter and spring quarters, and weekly during summer quarter. In 2010, The Daily launched a half-hour weekly television magazine show, "The Daily's Double Shot," broadcast UWTV, Channel 27.
The Beta (second) chapter of Phrateres collegiate philanthropic-social organization for women was established at the university in 1929.
The IMA Center for intramural sports was built in 1968. A $41 million remodel and expansion project began 2001 and the building was reopned in fall 2003 with a 95,000 square feet (8,800 m2) addition to its northwest to the original 40,000 square feet (3,700 m2) facility.[67][68][69] North of the building, the project eliminated three of the nine outdoor tennis courts with the expansion, but included an all-weather FieldTurf surface for an existing intramurals field.
Washington Huskies football team
UW students, sports teams, and alumni are called Washington Huskies, and often referred to metonymically as "Montlake," due to the campus's location on Montlake Boulevard N.E.[70] (It should be noted that the traditional bounds of the Montlake neighborhood do not extend north of the Montlake Cut to include the campus.) The husky was selected as the school mascot by student committee in 1922. It replaced the "Sun Dodger," an abstract reference to the local weather that was quickly dropped in favor of something more tangible. The costumed "Harry the Husky" performs at sporting and special events, and a live Alaskan Malamute, currently named Dubs, has traditionally led the UW football team onto the field at the start of games. The school colors of purple and gold were adopted in 1892 by student vote. The choice was purportedly[by whom?] inspired[citation needed] by the first stanza of Lord Byron's The Destruction of Sennacherib:
<poem> The Assyrian came down like the wolf on the fold, And his cohorts were gleaming in purple and gold; And the sheen of their spears was like stars on the sea, When the blue wave rolls nightly on deep Galilee.[citation needed] </poem>
The sports teams participate in the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I-A and in the Pacific-12 Conference. Among its facilities on campus are Husky Stadium (football, track and field), the Alaska Airlines Arena at Hec Edmundson Pavilion (basketball, volleyball, and gymnastics), Husky Ballpark (baseball), Husky Softball Stadium, The Bill Quillian Tennis Stadium, The Nordstrom Tennis Center, Dempsey Indoor (Indoor track and field, football) and the Conibear Shellhouse (rowing). The golf team plays at the Washington National Golf Club and the swimming team calls the Weyerhaeuser Aquatic Center and the Husky pool home.
The University football team is traditionally competitive, having won a share of the 1991 national title with the University of Miami, to go along with eight Rose Bowl victories and an Orange Bowl title. From 1907 to 1917, Washington football teams were unbeaten in 63 consecutive games, an NCAA record.[71] Tailgating by boat has been a Husky Stadium tradition since 1920 when the stadium was first built on the shores of Lake Washington. The Apple Cup game is an annual game against cross-state rival Washington State University that was first contested in 1900 with UW leading the all-time series, 65 wins to 31 losses and 6 ties. Steve Sarkisian is the current head football coach.
The men's basketball team has been moderately successful, though recently the team has enjoyed a resurgence under coach Lorenzo Romar. With Romar as head coach, the team has been to six NCAA tournaments (2003–2004, 2004–2005, 2005–2006, 2008–2009, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 seasons), 2 consecutive top 16 (sweet sixteen) appearances, and secured a No. 1 seed in 2005. On December 23, 2005, the men's basketball team won their 800th victory in Hec Edmundson Pavilion, the most wins for any NCAA team in its current arena.
Rowing is a longstanding tradition at the University of Washington dating back to 1901. The Washington men's crew gained international prominence by winning the gold medal at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, defeating the German and Italian crews much to the chagrin of Adolf Hitler who was in attendance.[72] In 1958, the men's crew furthered their lore with a shocking win over Leningrad Trud's world champion rowers in Moscow, resulting in the first American sporting victory on Soviet soil, and certainly the first time a Russian crowd gave any American team a standing ovation during the Cold War.[73] The men's crew have won 15 national titles (14 Intercollegiate Rowing Association, 1 National Collegiate Rowing Championship), 15 Olympic gold medals, two silver and five bronze. The women have 10 national titles and two Olympic gold medals. The Husky men are the 2011 national champions.
Recent national champions include the softball team (2009), the men's rowing team (2011, 2009, 2007), NCAA Division I women's cross country team (2008), and the women's volleyball team (2005). Individually, Scott Roth was the 2011 NCAA men's Outdoor Pole Vault and 2011 & 2010 NCAA men's Indoor Pole Vault champion. James Lepp was the 2005 NCAA men's golf champion. Ryan Brown (men's 800 meters) and Amy Lia (women's 1500 meters) won individual titles at the 2006 NCAA Track and Field Championships. Brad Walker was the 2005 NCAA men's Outdoor and Indoor Pole Vault champion.
Husky Stadium is one of several places that may have been the birthplace of the crowd phenomenon known as "The Wave". It is claimed that the wave was invented in October 1981 by Husky graduate Robb Weller and UW band director Bill Bissel. Their opponent that night was Stanford.
On May 1, 2009, the athletic department announced it was discontinuing both men's and women's swimming programs effective immediately due to budget cuts.[74]
Main article:
Husky Stadium
An aerial view of Husky Stadium in 2009
The new Husky Stadium is the first and primary income source of a completely remodeled athletic district. This major remodel of the athletic village will take decades to complete, as it will take place at the same time as a massive project by the Washington State Department of Transportation on nearby highways and bridges. The stadium project consists of a new grand concourse, underground light-rail station, enclosed west end of the stadium, replacement of bleachers with individual seating, removal of track and Huskytron, new press box, private box seating, lowering of the field, football offices, permanent seating in the east end zone that does not block the view of Lake Washington, and new and improved amenities, concession stands and bathrooms throughout. In addition, the concession areas will be constructed to face inward, allowing spectators to view the game through the main concourse which will circle around the field. Along with the Husky Stadium remodel, new parking garages will be constructed and renovated facilities throughout the athletic village.[75]
The stadium has developed numerous structural problems, particularly in the lower bowl, caused by age and the continually moist weather. Renovation plans are slated to begin in November 2011. The project was approved by University of Washington regents in November 2010 at a cost of $250 million.
Several drawings by Populous (formerly HOK Sport) have been released depicting what the future Husky Stadium might look like.[76][77]
The UW offers many services for its students and alumni, even beyond the standard offered by most colleges and universities. Its "Student Life" division houses 16 departments and offices that serve students directly and indirectly, including those below and overseen by Vice President and Vice Provost, Eric Godfrey.[citation needed]
- The UW Career Center
- Counseling Center
- Disability Resource Center
- Fraternity and Sorority Life
- Health and Wellness Programs
- Housing and Food Services
- Student Admissions
- Office of Ceremonies
- Office of the University Registrar
- Department of Recreational Sports (IMA)
- Student Activities and Union Facilities
- Student Financial Aid
- Student Publications (The Daily)
- Campus Police
New building construction and renovations are scheduled to take place through 2020. The plan includes the construction of three six-story residence halls and two apartment complexes in the west section of campus, near the existing Terry and Lander Halls, in Phase I, the renovation of six existing residence halls in Phase II, and additional new construction in Phase III. The projects will result in a net gain of approximately 2,400 beds.
In addition to on-campus housing the undergraduate student government, Associated Students of the University Washington, provides a free service to students, faculty, and staff looking to live off-campus called Off-Campus Housing Affairs.[78] They provide a free online search engine to local housing and resources to assist first time renters.
Many of the sustainable changes at the University of Washington have resulted from campus activism. Several environmental-activism groups on campus include:
- Rural Health Education (RHE): Promotes health in rural areas of Washington state primarily through monthly health fairs. Volunteers include students from a variety of backgrounds including: medical, pharmacy, and dental students. In addition, several health professionals from around the greater Seattle area actively participate.
- Students Expressing Environmental Dedication (SEED): SEED works with Housing and Food Services to increase the sustainability of the residence halls and dining areas.
- UW Earth Club: The Earth Club is interested in promoting the expression of environmental attitudes and consciousness through specialized events.
- UW Farm: The UW farm grows crops on campus and advocates urban farming in the UW community.
- Washington Public Interest Research Group (WashPIRG): WashPIRG engages students in a variety of activism causes, including environmental projects on campus and the community.[79]
- UW Sierra Student Coalition: SSC is dedicated to many larger environmental issues on campus and providing related opportunities to students.
- UW Delta Delta Sigma Pre-Dental Society (DDS): This is a club dedicated to serving pre-dental students and it provides a forum for discussion of dental related topics.[80]
DO-IT is a program run by the university which assists educational institutions to fully integrate all students, including those with disabilities, into Academic life through the DO-IT Scholars Program. DO-IT runs many programs including a database of information on the 'universal' design of educational facilities for students of all levels of psychical and mental ability.[81] These design programs reduce systemic barriers which could otherwise hinder the performance of some students. The Centers universal design philosophies may be applied to professional organizations and conferences.[82]
The University of Washington Husky Marching Band performs at many Husky sporting events including all football games. The band was founded in 1929, and today it is a cornerstone of Husky spirit. The band marches using a traditional high step, and it is one of only a few marching bands left in the United States to do so. Like many college bands, the Husky band has several traditional songs that it has played for decades, including the official fight song "Bow Down to Washington" and "Tequila", as well as fan-favorite "Africano". In addition to athletic events, the band also plays at various other events such as commencement and convocation.
The previous costumed Harry the Husky at a school basketball game.
The University of Washington's costumed mascot is Harry the Husky.
The University of Washington also has hosted a long line of Alaskan Malamutes as mascots. The 13 dogs thus far have been:
- Frosty I (1922–29)
- Frosty II (1930–36)
- Wasky (1946)
- Wasky II (1947–53)
- Ski (1954–57)
- Denali (1958)
- King Chinook (1959–68)
- Regent Denali (1969–80)
- Sundodger (1981–91)
- King Redoubt (1992–97)
- Prince Redoubt (1998)
- Spirit (1999–2008)
- Dubs (2009–)
Originally the dogs were cared for by the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity, followed by a 49 year tradition (1959–2008) of care by the Cross family (a UW professor followed by his son).
Then UW President Emmert signed the American College and University Presidents Climate Commitment.[83] To help follow through on this promise, the UW has created a Climate Action Team.[84] He has also created an Environmental Stewardship Advisory Committee (ESAC), which recently created an inventory of UW's greenhouse gas emissions,[85] an environmental stewardship coordinator position, and has formalized a policy on environmental stewardship to give full institutional support to the cause of campus sustainability.[86]
As of February 2006, the UW joined a partnership with Seattle City Light as part of their Green Up Program. All of Seattle campus' electricity is purchased from renewable sources.[87] Housing and Food Services (HFS) spends several million dollars annually on locally produced, organic, and natural foods. HFS does not use styrofoam containers for any of its facilities on campus, instead using compostable cups, plates, utensils, and packaging whenever possible. Students Expressing Environmental Concern (SEED) is funded by HFS and is responsible for most of the sustainable changes made to HFS. Several new residence halls are planned for 2020, all of which are expected to meet silver or gold LEED standards.[88] All new state-funded buildings and major renovations must meet a LEED standard of at least Silver.[89] The University of Washington was one of only six universities to receive the highest grade on the Sustainable Endowments Institute's College Sustainability Report Card 2008, an "A-".[90] The report card identified the UW as one of 15 Overall College Sustainability Leaders among the 300 institutions surveyed.[89]
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