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Austria
Austria (
i/ˈɒstriə/ or /ˈɔːstriə/; German: Österreich [ˈøːstɐˌʁaɪç] (
listen)), officially the Republic of Austria (German: 
Republik Österreich (help·info)), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.47 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Hungary and Slovakia to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers 83,855 square kilometres (32,377 sq mi) and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below 500 metres (1,640 ft), and its highest point is 3,798 metres (12,461 ft). The majority of the population speak local Austro-Bavarian dialects of German as their native language, and German in its standard form is the country's official language. Other local official languages are Burgenland Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
The origins of modern-day Austria date back to the time of the Habsburg dynasty when the vast majority of the country was a part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Austria became one of the great powers of Europe and, in response to the coronation of Napoleon I as the Emperor of the French, the Austrian Empire was officially proclaimed in 1804. In 1867, the Austrian Empire was reformed into Austria-Hungary.
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Florence
Florence (Italian: Firenze [fiˈrɛntse] ( listen), alternate obsolete form: Fiorenza; Latin: Florentia) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 370,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area.
Florence is famous for its history. A centre of medieval European trade and finance and one of the wealthiest cities of the time, Florence is considered the birthplace of the Renaissance, and has been called the Athens of the Middle Ages. A turbulent political history includes periods of rule by the powerful Medici family, and numerous religious and republican revolutions. From 1865 to 1870 the city was also the capital of the recently established Kingdom of Italy.
The historic centre of Florence attracts millions of tourists each year, and Euromonitor International ranked the city as the world's 72nd most visited in 2009, with 1,685,000 visitors. It was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1982. Due to Florence's artistic and architectural heritage, it has been ranked by Forbes as one of the most beautiful cities in the world, and the city is noted for its history, culture, Renaissance art and architecture and monuments. The city also contains numerous museums and art galleries, such as the Uffizi Gallery and the Pitti Palace, amongst others, and still exerts an influence in the fields of art, culture and politics.
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Genoa
Genoa
/ˈdʒɛnoʊ.ə/ (Italian: Genova [ˈdʒɛːnova] (
listen); Genoese and Ligurian Zena [ˈzeːna]; Latin and, archaically, English Genua) is the capital of Liguria and the sixth largest city in Italy, with a population of 608,676 within its administrative limits on a land area of 243.6 km2 (94 sq mi). The urban zone of Genoa extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 718,896. The urban area of Genoa has a population of 800,709. In the metropolitan area live between 859,000 and 1.4 million or 1.5 million people. Genoa is one of Europe's largest cities on the Mediterranean Sea and the largest seaport in Italy.
Genoa has been nicknamed la Superba ("the Superb one") due to its glorious past and impressive landmarks. Part of the old town of Genoa was inscribed on the World Heritage List (UNESCO) in 2006 (see below). The city's rich art, music, gastronomy, architecture and history, allowed it to become the 2004's European Capital of Culture. It is the birthplace of Christopher Columbus.
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Gironde
For the Revolutionary party, see Girondists.
Gironde (French pronunciation: [ʒiʁɔ̃d]; in Gascon Gironda) is a common name for the Gironde estuary, where the mouths of the Garonne and Dordogne rivers merge, and for a department in the Aquitaine region situated in southwest France. The Bordeaux wine region is in the Gironde.
Gironde is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from parts of the former provinces of Guyenne and Gascogne.
From 1793 to 1795, the department's name was changed to Bec-d'Ambès to avoid the association with the revolutionary party, the Girondists.
Gironde is part of the current region of Aquitaine and is surrounded by the departments of Landes, Lot-et-Garonne, Dordogne and Charente-Maritime and the Atlantic Ocean on the west. With an area of 10,000 km², Gironde is the largest department in metropolitan France. If overseas departments are included, however, Gironde's land area is dwarfed by the 83,846 km² of Guyane.
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Greece
Greecei/ˈɡriːs/ (Greek: Ελλάδα, Ellada, IPA: [eˈlaða] ( listen) historically in Katharevousa and Ancient Greek: Ἑλλάς, Hellas, IPA: [eˈlas] and [helːás] respectively), officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία, Elliniki Dimokratia, IPA: [eliniˈci ðimokraˈtia]), is a country in Southern Europe, politically considered part of Western Europe.Athens is the capital and the largest city in the country (its urban area also including Piraeus). The population of the country is around 11 million.
Greece has land borders with Albania, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the east. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of mainland Greece, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km (8,498 mi) in length, featuring a vast number of islands (approximately 1,400, of which 227 are inhabited), including Crete, the Dodecanese, the Cyclades, and the Ionian Islands among others. Eighty percent of Greece consists of mountains, of which Mount Olympus is the highest at 2,917 m (9,570 ft).
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Ionian islands
The Ionian Islands (Modern Greek: Ιόνια νησιά, Ionia nisia; Ancient Greek, Katharevousa: Ἰόνιοι Νῆσοι, Ionioi Nēsoi; Italian: Isole Ionie) are a group of islands in Greece. They are traditionally called the Heptanese, i.e. "the Seven Islands" (Greek: Ἑπτάνησα, Heptanēsa, or Ἑπτάνησος, Heptanēsos; Italian: Eptaneso), but the group includes many smaller islands as well as the seven principal ones.
The seven are, from north to south:
The six northern islands are off the west coast of Greece, in the Ionian Sea. The seventh island, Kythira, is off the southern tip of the Peloponnese, the southern part of the Greek mainland. Kythira is not part of the region of the Ionian Islands, as it is included in the region of Attica.
In Ancient Greek the adjective Ionios (Ἰόνιος) was used as an epithet for the sea between Epirus and Italy in which the Ionian Islands are found because Io swam across it. Latin transliteration, as well as Modern Greek pronunciation, may suggest that the Ionian Sea and Islands are somehow related to Ionia, an Anatolian region; in fact the Ionian Sea and Ionian Islands are spelled in Greek with an omicron (Ιόνια), whereas Ionia has an omega (Ιωνία). In Modern Greek this is purely a spelling distinction, but the different pronunciations in Ancient Greek would have eliminated the risk of confusion between the two areas. Furthermore, Ionian is accented on the antepenult (IPA: [iˈoɲa]), and Ionia on the penult (IPA: [ioˈnia]); also the proper adjective for Ionia is Ionic, not Ionian.
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London
Londoni/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City and has the fifth-largest city GDP in the world (and the largest in Europe). London has been described as a world cultural capital. It was the world's most visited city during 2011 and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.
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Milan
Milan (Italian: Milano [miˈlaːno] ( listen); Lombard: [miˈlan]; Latin: Mediolanum) is the second-largest city in Italy and the capital of Lombardy as well as of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1.3 million, while its urban area is the 5th largest in EU and the largest in Italy with an estimated population of approximately 5 million. The growth of many suburbs and satellite settlements around the city proper, following the Italian economic miracle of 1950s–60s and massive commuting flows, suggest that socioeconomic linkages have expanded well beyond the boundaries of its administrative limits and its agglomeration, creating a region of approximately 9,3 million people. It has been suggested that the Milan metropolitan area is part of the so-called Blue Banana, the area of Europe with the highest population and industrial density. Its health care and education system is considered one of the best of Europe.
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Padua
Padua (Italian: Padova [ˈpaːdova] ( listen), Latin: Patavium, Venetian: Padoa, Ancient German: Esten) is a city and comune in the Veneto, northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Padua and the economic and communications hub of the area. Padua's population is 214,000 (as of 2011[update]). The city is sometimes included, with Venice (Italian Venezia) and Treviso, in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area, having a population of c. 1,600,000.
Padua stands on the Bacchiglione River, 40 km west of Venice and 29 km southeast of Vicenza. The Brenta River, which once ran through the city, still touches the northern districts. Its agricultural setting is the Venetian Plain (Pianura Veneta). To the city's south west lies the Euganaean Hills, praised by Lucan and Martial, Petrarch, Ugo Foscolo, and Shelley.
It hosts the renowned University of Padua, almost 800 years old and famous, among other things, for having had Galileo Galilei among its lecturers.
The city is picturesque, with a dense network of arcaded streets opening into large communal piazze, and many bridges crossing the various branches of the Bacchiglione, which once surrounded the ancient walls like a moat.
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Pavia
Pavia (Italian: [paˈviːa] ( listen); Lombard Pavia; Latin: Ticinum) is a town and comune of south-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 35 km south of Milan on the lower Ticino river near its confluence with the Po. It is the capital of the province of Pavia. It has a population of c. 71,000. The city was also the capital of the Kingdom of the Lombards from 568 to 774.
Pavia is the capital of a fertile eponymous province known for agricultural products including wine, rice, cereals, and dairy products. Although there are a number of industries located in the suburbs, these tend not to disturb the peaceful atmosphere of the town. The town also is home to the ancient University of Pavia. The University, together with the IUSS (Institute for Advanced Studies of Pavia), the Ghislieri College, the Borromeo College, the Nuovo College, the Santa Caterina College and the EDiSU, belongs to the Pavia Study System. Furthermore, Pavia is the see city of the Roman Catholic diocese of Pavia. The city possesses a vast amount of artistic and cultural treasures, including several important churches and museums, such as the well-known Certosa di Pavia.
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Split (city)
Split (Croatian pronunciation: [splît]) is a Mediterranean city on the eastern shores of the Adriatic Sea, centred around the ancient Roman Palace of the Emperor Diocletian and its bay and port. With a population of 178,192 citizens, and a metropolitan area numbering up to 467,899, Split is by far the largest Dalmatian city and the second-largest city of Croatia. Spread over a central peninsula and its surroundings, Split's greater area includes the surrounding seaside towns as well. An intraregional transport hub, the city is a link to numerous Adriatic islands and the Apennine peninsula, as well as a popular tourist destination.
Split is also one of the oldest cities in the area. While it is traditionally considered just over 1,700 years old counting from the construction of Diocletian's Palace in AD 305, archaeological research relating to the original founding of the city as the Greek colony of Aspálathos (Aσπάλαθος) in the 6th century BC, establishes the urban tradition of the area as being several centuries older.
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Switzerland
Switzerland (German: die Schweiz[ˈʃvaɪts]; French: Suisse [sɥis(ə)]; Italian: Svizzera [ˈzvit͡sːɛra]; Romansh: Svizra [ˈʒviːtsrɐ] or [ˈʒviːtsʁːɐ]), in its full name the Swiss Confederation (Latin: Confoederatio Helvetica, hence its abbreviation CH), is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in western Europe, where it is bordered by Germany to the north, France to the west, Italy to the south, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.
Switzerland is a landlocked country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning an area of 41,285 km2 (15,940 sq mi). While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately 8 million people is concentrated mostly on the Plateau, where the largest cities are to be found. Among them are the two global cities and economic centres of Zurich and Geneva.
The Swiss Confederation has a long history of armed neutrality—it has not been in a state of war internationally since 1815—and did not join the United Nations until 2002. It pursues, however, an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world. Switzerland is also the birthplace of the Red Cross and home to a large number of international organizations, including the second largest UN office. On the European level, it is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association and is part of the Schengen Area – although it is notably not a member of the European Union, nor the European Economic Area.
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Trebbia
The Trebbia (stressed Trèbbia; Latin: Trebia) is a river predominantly of Liguria and Emilia Romagna in northern Italy. It is one of the four main right-bank tributaries of the river Po, the other three being the Tanaro, the Secchia and the Panaro. The 1,150 km2 (440 sq mi) drainage basin is divided between Emilia Romagna (770 km², 300 mi²), Liguria (349 km², 135 mi²) and Lombardy (31 km², 12 mi²). Its principal tributaries are the torrents Aveto and Perino (from the right) and the torrent Boreca (from the left).
The source of the river, the Trebbia river spring, is in the Ligurian Apennines on the south slopes of Monte Prelà, to the south of Monte Antola in the comune of Torriglia, Province of Genoa. Monte Prelà, 1,407 m (4,616 ft) high, is part of the Antola massif.
The spring is not on the peak but is at roughly 800 m (2,600 ft). Across a small ridge to the west, on which sits Torriglia, and slightly further downslope is the source of the Scrivia river. Over a ridge to the northeast is the Brugneto reservoir, water supply for Genoa. The reservoir was created in 1959 by damming Brugneto stream, which formerly joined its waters to the Trebbia, but now only does so when the reservoir is full. A ridge running north from Prelà connects to Monte Druso, then to Monte Cremado, and finally to Monte Antola at 1,597 m (5,240 ft). From its peak on a clear day can be seen Genoa, Corsica, the Tuscan Archipelago and the Alps.
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Turnham Green
Coordinates: 51°29′30″N 0°15′59″W / 51.4918°N 0.266512°W / 51.4918; -0.266512
Turnham Green is a public park situated on Chiswick High Road, Chiswick, London. It is separated in two by a small road. Christ Church (George Gilbert Scott, 1843) stands on the eastern half of the green. A war memorial stands on the eastern corner. On the south side is the old Chiswick Town Hall.
The green is the site of local community events, including a traveling fun fair and charity table-top sales.
The nearest London Underground station is Chiswick Park on the District Line. Confusingly, the eponymous Turnham Green tube station is actually situated on Chiswick Common, some 1 km (0.6 mi) to the east. Turnham Green is also the terminus of London Buses route 27 (running from Chalk Farm) and was the terminus of route 440 (running from Stonebridge Park) but in 2010 the route was extended to Power Road.
Turnham Green was originally a village on the main road between London and the west. It was recorded as 'Turneham' in 1235 and 'Turnhamgrene' in 1369. On 13 November 1642, the Battle of Turnham Green was fought near here during the First English Civil War resulting in the Parliamentarians blocking the King's advance on London. The artist William Hogarth had a 'Country cottage' nearby on what is now known as Hogarth Roundabout.
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Venice
Venice (Italian: Venezia [veˈnɛttsja] ( listen), Venetian: Venexia [veˈnɛsja]; (Latin: Venetia) is a city in northeast Italy sited on a group of 118 small islands separated by canals and linked by bridges. It is located in the marshy Venetian Lagoon which stretches along the shoreline between the mouths of the Po and the Piave Rivers. Venice is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. The city in its entirety is listed as World Heritage Site, along with its lagoon.
Venice is the capital of the Veneto region. In 2009, there were 270,098 people residing in Venice's comune (the population estimate of 272,000 inhabitants includes the population of the whole Comune of Venezia; around 60,000 in the historic city of Venice (Centro storico); 176,000 in Terraferma (the Mainland), mostly in the large frazioni of Mestre and Marghera; 31,000 live on other islands in the lagoon). Together with Padua and Treviso, the city is included in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area (PATREVE) (population 1,600,000).
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Zakynthos
Zakynthos [ˈzakinθos] ( listen), also Zante, the other form often used in English and in Italian (Greek: Ζάκυνθος; Venetian: Zacinto), is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea. It is the third largest of the Ionian Islands. Zakynthos is a separate regional unit of the Ionian Islands region, and its only municipality. It covers an area of 410 km2 (158 sq mi) and its coastline is roughly 123 km (76 mi) in length. The island is named after Zakynthos, the son of a legendary Arcadian chief Dardanus. The name, like all similar names ending in -nthos, is pre-Mycenaean or Pelasgian in origin. Zakynthos has a thriving tourism industry.
Zakynthos was inhabited from the Neolithic Age, as some archaeological excavations have proved.
The famous ancient Greek poet and writer, Homer, first mentioned the island in his masterpieces, the Iliad and the Odyssey, stating that the first inhabitants of it were the son of King Dardanos of Troy called Zakynthos and his men and that they first came on the island around 1500–1600 BC[citation needed].
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Adam Müller
Adam Heinrich Müller (30 June 1779 – 17 January 1829) was a German publicist, literary critic, political economist, theorist of the state and forerunner of economic romanticism.
Müller was born in Berlin. It was intended that he should study Protestant theology, but from 1798 he devoted himself in Göttingen to the study of law, philosophy, and natural science. He was a student of Gustav Hugo. Returning to Berlin, he was persuaded by his friend Friedrich Gentz to take up political science. He had early formed a close intimacy with Gentz, his elder by 15 years; and this connection exercised an important influence both on his material circumstances and his mental development in after life. The two men differed widely in character and in their fundamental principles, but agreed, at least in their later period, in their practical political aims, and the friendship was only terminated by death.
Müller worked for some time as referendary in the Kurmärkische Kammer in Berlin. Müller's relations with the Junker party and his co-operation with them in their opposition to Hardenberg's reforms made any public employment in Prussia impossible for him. He travelled in Sweden and Denmark, spent about two years in Poland, and then went to Vienna, where he was converted to the Catholic faith on 30 April 1805. Through Gentz he became acquainted with Metternich, to whom he was useful in the preparation of state papers.
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Adam Oehlenschläger
Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger (14 November 1779 – 20 January 1850) was a Danish poet and playwright. He introduced romanticism into Danish literature.
He was born in Vesterbro, then a suburb of Copenhagen, on November 14,1779. His father, a Schleswiger by birth, was at that time organist, and later became keeper, of the royal palace of Frederiksberg; he was a very brisk and cheerful man. The poet's mother, on the other hand, who was partly German by extraction, suffered from depression, which afterwards deepened into melancholy madness.
Oehlenschläger and his sister Sofia were allowed their own way throughout their childhood, and were taught nothing, except to read and write, until their twelfth year. At the age of nine, Oehlenschläger began to make fluent verses. Three years later, while walking in Frederiksberg Gardens, he attracted the notice of the poet Edvard Storm, and the result of the conversation was that he received a nomination to the college called Posterity's High School, an important institution of which Storm was the principal. Storm himself taught the class of Scandinavian mythology, and thus Oehlenschläger received his earliest bias towards the poetical religion of his ancestors.
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Adolphe Adam
Adolphe Charles Adam (24 July 1803 – 3 May 1856) was a French composer and music critic. A prolific composer of operas and ballets, he is best known today for his ballets Giselle (1844) and Le corsaire (1856, his last work), his operas Le postillon de Lonjumeau (1836), Le toréador (1849) and Si j'étais roi (1852, often regarded as his finest work), and his Christmas carol "Minuit, chrétiens!" ("O Holy Night") (1847). Adam was also a noted teacher. Léo Delibes was among his pupils.
Adolphe Adam was born in Paris to Louis Adam (1758–1848), who was also a composer, as well a professor at the Paris Conservatoire. His mother was the daughter of a physician. As a child, Adolphe Adam preferred to improvise music on his own rather than study music seriously. He entered the Paris Conservatoire in 1821, where he studied organ and harmonium under the celebrated opera composer François-Adrien Boieldieu. Adam also played the triangle in the orchestra of the Conservatoire; however, he did not win the Prix de Rome and his father did not encourage him to pursue a music career.
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Ajax the great
Ajax or Aias (/ˈeɪdʒæks/ or /ˈaɪ.əs/; Ancient Greek: Αἴας, gen. Αἴαντος) was a mythological Greek hero, the son of Telamon and Periboea, and king of Salamis. He plays an important role in Homer's Iliad and in the Epic Cycle, a series of epic poems about the Trojan War. To distinguish him from Ajax, son of Oileus (Ajax the Lesser), he is called "Telamonian Ajax," "Greater Ajax," or "Ajax the Great". In Etruscan mythology, he is known as Aivas Tlamunus.
Ajax is the son of Telamon, who was the son of Aeacus and grandson of Zeus, and his first wife Periboea. He is the cousin of Achilles, the most remembered Greek warrior, and is the elder half-brother of Teucer. Many illustrious Athenians, including Cimon, Miltiades, Alcibiades and the historian Thucydides, traced their descent from Ajax. The Italian scholar Maggiani recently showed that on an Etruscan tomb dedicated to Racvi Satlnei in Bologna (5th century BC) there is a writing that says: "aivastelmunsl = family of Ajax Télamon".
In Homer's Iliad he is described as of great stature, colossal frame and strongest of all the Achaeans. Known as the 'bulwark of the Mycenaeans', he was trained by the centaur Chiron (who had trained his father, Telamon, and Achilles' father Peleus), at the same time as Achilles. He was described as vicious, fearless, strong and powerful but also with a very high level of combat intelligence.
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Alessandro Manzoni
Alessandro Francesco Tommaso Manzoni (7 March 1785 – 22 May 1873) was an Italian poet and novelist. He is famous for the novel The Betrothed (orig. Italian: I Promessi Sposi) (1827), generally ranked among the masterpieces of world literature. The novel is also a symbol of the Italian Risorgimento, both for its patriotic message and because it was a fundamental milestone in the development of the modern, unified Italian language.
Manzoni was born in Milan, Italy, on 7 March 1785. Pietro, his father, aged about fifty, belonged to an old family of Lecco, originally feudal lords of Barzio, in the Valsassina. The poet's maternal grandfather, Cesare Beccaria, was a well-known author, and his mother Giulia had literary talent as well. The young Alessandro spent his first two years of life in cascina Costa in Galbiate and he was wet-nursed by Caterina Panzeri, as attested by a memorial plate affixed in the place. In 1792 his parents broke their marriage and his mother began a relationship with the highbrow Carlo Imbonati, moving to England and later to Paris. For this reason, their son was brought up in several religious institutes. Alessandro Manzoni was a slow developer, and at the various colleges he attended he was considered a dunce. At fifteen, however, he developed a passion for poetry, and wrote two sonnets of considerable merit. Upon the death of his father in 1805, he joined the freethinking household of his mother at Auteuil, and spent two years mixing with the literary set of the so-called "ideologues", philosophers of the 18th-century school, among whom he made many friends, notably Claude Charles Fauriel. There too he imbibed the anti-Catholic creed of Voltairianism.
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Alexander Pushkin
Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (Russian: Алекса́ндр Серге́евич Пу́шкин, tr. Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin; IPA: [ɐlʲɪˈksandr sʲɪˈrɡʲejɪvʲɪtɕ ˈpuʂkʲɪn] ( listen); 6 June [O.S. 26 May] 1799 – 10 February [O.S. 29 January] 1837) was a Russian author of the Romantic era who is considered by many to be the greatest Russian poet and the founder of modern Russian literature.
Born into the Russian nobility in Moscow, Pushkin published his first poem at the age of fifteen, and was widely recognized by the literary establishment by the time of his graduation from the Imperial Lyceum in Tsarskoye Selo.
While under the strict surveillance of the Tsar's political police and unable to publish, Pushkin wrote his most famous play, the drama Boris Godunov. His novel in verse, Eugene Onegin, was serialized between 1825 and 1832.
Notoriously touchy about his honour, Pushkin fought a total of twenty-nine duels, and was fatally wounded in such an encounter with Georges-Charles de Heeckeren d'Anthès. D'Anthès, a French officer serving with the Chevalier Guard Regiment, had been attempting to seduce the poet's wife, Natalya Pushkina. Pushkin's early death at the age of 37 is still regarded as a catastrophe for Russian literature.
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Alexandre Herculano
Alexandre Herculano de Carvalho e Araújo (born March 28, 1810 in Lisbon – died September 13, 1877 in Santarém), was a Portuguese novelist and historian.
Herculano's family had humble origins. One of his grandfathers was a foreman stonemason in the royal employ. Herculano received his early education, comprising Latin, logic and rhetoric, at the Necessidades Monastery, and spent a year at the Royal Marine Academy studying mathematics with the intention of entering on a commercial career. In 1828 Portugal fell under the absolute rule of D. Miguel, and Herculano, becoming involved in the unsuccessful military pronunciamento of August 1831, had to leave Portugal clandestinely and take refuge in England and France. In 1832 he accompanied the Liberal expedition to Terceira Island as a volunteer, and was one of D. Pedro's famous army of 7500 men who landed at the Mindelo and occupied Oporto. He took part in all the actions of the great siege, and at the same time served as a librarian in the city archives. He published his first volume of verses, A Voz de Propheta, in 1832, and two years later another entitled A Harpa do Crente.
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Almeida Garrett
João Baptista da Silva Leitão de Almeida Garrett, Viscount of Almeida Garrett (February 4, 1799 – December 9, 1854) was a Portuguese poet, playwright, novelist and politician. He is considered to be the introducer of the Romanticism in Portugal. He is regarded as one of history's greatest romantics and a true revolutionary and humanist.
Garrett was born João Leitão da Silva in Porto, the son of António Bernardo da Silva Garrett (1740–1834), a Fidalgo of the Royal Household and Knight of the Order of Christ whose mother was the daughter of an Irish father born in exile in France and an Italian mother born in Spain, and his wife (m. 1796) Ana Augusta de Almeida Leitão (b. Porto, c. 1770). At an early age, around 4 or 5 years old, Garrett changed his name to João Baptista da Silva Leitão, adding a name from his godfather and altering the order of his surnames.
In 1809, his family fled the second French invasion carried out by Soult's troops, seeking refuge in Angra do Heroísmo, Terceira Island, Azores. While in the Azores, he was taught by his uncle, Dom Frei Alexandre da Sagrada Família (Faial, Horta, May 22, 1737 – Terceira, Angra do Heroísmo, April 22, 1818), also a freemason, then the 25th Bishop of Angra (1816–1818) and former Bishop of Malaca and Timor; his two other uncles were Manuel Inácio da Silva Garrett, Archdeacon of Angra, and Inácio da Silva Garrett, also a clergyman of Angra. In childhood, his mulatto Brazilian nanny Rosa de Lima taught him some traditional stories that later influenced his work.
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Aloysius Bertrand
Louis-Jacques-Napoléon “Aloysius” Bertrand (20 April 1807 – 29 April 1841) was a French poet instrumental in the introduction of the prose poem into French literature and is credited with inspiring later Symbolist poets . He wrote a collection of poems entitled Gaspard de la nuit, after which composer Maurice Ravel wrote a suite of the same name, based on the poems "Scarbo", "Ondine", and "Le Gibet".
Bertrand was born in Ceva, Piedmont, Italy (then a part of Napoleonic France) and his family settled in Dijon in 1814. There he developed an interest in the Burgundian capital. His contributions to a local paper lead to recognition by Victor Hugo and Sainte-Beuve. He lived in Paris shortly with little success. He returned to Dijon and continued writing for local newspapers. Gaspard was sold in 1836 but it wasn't published until 1842 after his death of tuberculosis. The book was rediscovered by Charles Baudelaire and Stéphane Mallarmé. It is now considered a classic of poetic and fantastic literature. He died in Paris.
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Antoine Wiertz
Antoine Joseph Wiertz (22 February 1806 – 18 June 1865) was a Belgian romantic painter and sculptor.
Born in Dinant from a relatively poor family, he entered the Antwerp art academy in 1820. Thanks to his protector Pierre-Joseph de Paul de Maibe, a member of the Second Chamber of the States-General, king William I of the Netherlands awarded an annual stipend to Wiertz from 1821 onwards. Between November 1829 and May 1832, he stayed in Paris, where he studied the old masters at the Louvre.
In 1828, Wiertz took part in the Grand Concours, also known as Concours de Rome, but came out only second. He landed the prestigious Prix de Rome only at his second attempt in 1832, which enabled him to go to Rome, where he resided from May 1834 until February 1837. Upon his return, he established himself in Liège with his mother.
During his stay in Rome, Wiertz worked on his first great work, Les Grecs et les Troyens se disputant le corps de Patrocle ("Greeks and Trojans fighting for the body of Patrocles", finished in 1836), on a subject borrowed from canto XVII of Homer's Iliad. It was exhibited in Antwerp in 1837, where it met with some success. Wiertz submitted the work for the Paris Salon of 1838, but it arrived too late and was refused.
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Anton Reicha
Anton (Antonín, Antoine) Reicha (Rejcha) (26 February 1770 – 28 May 1836) was a Bohemia-born, later naturalized French composer. A contemporary and lifelong friend of Beethoven, Reicha is now best remembered for his substantial early contribution to the wind quintet literature and his role as a teacher – his pupils included Franz Liszt and Hector Berlioz. Reicha was also an accomplished theorist and wrote several treatises on various aspects of composition. Some of his theoretical work dealt with experimental methods of composition, which he applied in a variety of works such as fugues and études for piano and string quartets.
Reicha was born in Prague into a family of a town piper. His father died when Reicha was just 10 months old, and his mother was uninterested in the boy's education. At the age of 10 the young composer ran away from home, and was subsequently raised and educated in music by his uncle Josef Reicha. When the family moved to Bonn, Josef secured for his nephew a place at the Hofkapelle, but for Reicha this was not enough. He studied composition secretly, against his uncle's wishes, and entered the University of Bonn in 1789. When Bonn was captured by the French in 1794, Reicha had to flee to Hamburg, where he made his living by teaching harmony and composition, and studied mathematics and philosophy. Between 1799 and 1801 he lived in Paris, trying to achieve recognition as an opera composer, without success. In 1801 he moved to Vienna, where he studied with Salieri and Albrechtsberger and produced his first important works. His life was once again affected by war in 1808, when he had to leave Vienna. Reicha settled in Paris, where he spent the rest of his life teaching composition; in 1818 he was appointed professor at the Conservatoire.
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Antoni Malczewski
Antoni Malczewski (3 June 1793 – 2 May 1826) was an influential Polish romantic poet, known for his only work, "a narrative poem of dire pessimism", Maria (1825).
At the times, prominent and scandalizing was his autodestructive romance with married woman, Zofia Rucińska, who suffered from mental illness.
Malczewski was born to a wealthy family in either Volhynia or Warsaw, and attended school in Krzemieniec (modern-day Kremenets, Ukraine), but did not graduate. He joined the army of the short-lived Duchy of Warsaw during the Napoleonic Wars in 1811, and remained in the army of Congress Poland under Emperor Alexander from 1815. He was wounded in the foot in a duel in 1816 and so had to leave the army.
After leaving the army, he spent several years traveling through western Europe, staying some time in Paris, climbing Mont Blanc in 1818, and spending a good portion of his inherited fortune. He returned to his estate in Volhynia in 1821, where he began an ill-fated affair with a married woman and began writing. He moved to Warsaw in 1824, where he published the poetic novel Maria at his own expense in 1825, and died in poverty the next year in unclear circumstances.
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Austria
Austria (i/ˈɒstriə/ or /ˈɔːstriə/; German: Österreich [ˈøːstɐˌʁaɪç] ( listen)), officially the Republic of Austria (German: Republik Österreich (help·info)), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.47 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Hungary and Slovakia to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers 83,855 square kilometres (32,377 sq mi) and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below 500 metres (1,640 ft), and its highest point is 3,798 metres (12,461 ft). The majority of the population speak local Austro-Bavarian dialects of German as their native language, and German in its standard form is the country's official language. Other local official languages are Burgenland Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
The origins of modern-day Austria date back to the time of the Habsburg dynasty when the vast majority of the country was a part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Austria became one of the great powers of Europe and, in response to the coronation of Napoleon I as the Emperor of the French, the Austrian Empire was officially proclaimed in 1804. In 1867, the Austrian Empire was reformed into Austria-Hungary.
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Barbarina Brand
Brand (née Ogle), Barbarina, Lady Dacre (1768–1854) was an English poet, playwright, and translator.
Barbarina was the daughter of Admiral Sir Chaloner Ogle, 1st Baronet (d. 1816), and Hester (née Thomas). In 1789 she married Valentine Henry Wilmot, an officer in the guards, though they later separated. The couple had one daughter, Arabella (1796–1839). After Wilmot's death in 1819 she married Thomas Brand, 20th Baron Dacre (1774–1851), later that same year.
Educated at home, she became "one of the most accomplished women of her time": in addition to her writing, she sculpted, rode, was proficient in both French and Italian, and maintained an extensive correspondence with a circle of other literary women, including Joanna Baillie, Mary Russell Mitford, and Catherine Maria Fanshawe.
Her final years were marred by the death of her daughter Arabella Sullivan in 1839, and by the loss of her hearing.
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Bedřich Smetana
Bedřich Smetana (Czech pronunciation: [ˈbɛdr̝ɪx ˈsmɛtana] ( listen); 2 March 1824 – 12 May 1884) was a Czech composer who pioneered the development of a musical style which became closely identified with his country's aspirations to independent statehood. He is thus widely regarded in his homeland as the father of Czech music. Internationally he is best known for his opera The Bartered Bride, for the symphonic cycle Má vlast ("My Fatherland") which portrays the history, legends and landscape of the composer's native land, and for his First String Quartet From My Life.
Smetana was naturally gifted as a pianist, and gave his first public performance at the age of six. After his conventional schooling, he studied music under Josef Proksch in Prague. His first nationalistic music was written during the 1848 Prague uprising, in which he briefly participated. After failing to establish his career in Prague, he left for Sweden, where he set up as a teacher and choirmaster in Gothenburg, and began to write large-scale orchestral works. During this period of his life Smetana was twice married; of six daughters, three died in infancy.
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Bettina von Arnim
Bettina von Arnim (the Countess of Arnim) (4 April 1785, Frankfurt am Main – 20 January 1859, Berlin), born Elisabeth Catharina Ludovica Magdalena Brentano, was a German writer and novelist.
Bettina (as well: Bettine) Brentano was a writer, publisher, composer, singer, visual artist, an illustrator, patron of young talent, and a social activist. She was the archetype of the Romantic era’s zeitgeist and the crux of many creative relationships of canonical artistic figures. Best known for the company she kept, she numbered among her closest friends Goethe, Beethoven, and Pückler and tried to foster artistic agreement among them. Many leading composers of the time, including Robert Schumann, Franz Liszt, Johanna Kinkel, and Johannes Brahms, admired her spirit and talents. As a composer, von Arnim's style was unconventional, molding and melding favorite folk melodies and historical themes with innovative harmonies, phrase lengths, and improvisations that became synonymous with the music of the era.
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Brothers Grimm
The Brothers Grimm (German: Brüder Grimm or Die Gebrüder Grimm), Jakob Grimm (January 4, 1785 – September 20, 1863) and Wilhelm Grimm (February 24, 1786 – December 16, 1859), were German academics, linguists, cultural researchers, and authors who together collected folklore. They are among the most well-known storytellers of European folk tales, and their work popularized such stories as "Cinderella", "The Frog Prince" (Der Froschkönig), "Hansel and Gretel" (Hänsel und Gretel), "Rapunzel", "Rumpelstiltskin" (Rumpelstilzchen), and "Snow White" (Schneewittchen). Their first collection of folk tales, Children's and Household Tales (Kinder- und Hausmärchen), was published in 1812.
The brothers spent their formative years first in the German town of Hanau and then in Steinau. Their father's death in 1796, about a decade into their lives, caused great poverty for the family and affected the brothers for many years. They attended the University of Marburg where historian and jurist Friedrich von Savigny spurred their interest in philology and Germanic studies—a field in which they are now considered pioneers—and at the same time developed a curiosity for folklore, which grew into a life-long dedication to collecting German folk tales.
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Callimachus
Callimachus (Ancient Greek: Καλλίμαχος, Kallimachos; 310/305–240 BC) was a native of the Greek colony of Cyrene, Libya. He was a noted poet, critic and scholar at the Library of Alexandria and enjoyed the patronage of the Egyptian–Greek Pharaohs Ptolemy II Philadelphus and Ptolemy III Euergetes. Although he was never made chief librarian, he was responsible for producing a bibliographic survey based upon the contents of the Library. This, his Pinakes, 120 volumes long, provided the foundation for later work on the history of Greek literature. As one of the earliest critic-poets, he typifies Hellenistic scholarship.
Callimachus was of Libyan Greek origin. He was born and raised in Cyrene, as member of a distinguished family, his parents being Mesatme (or Mesatma) and Battus, supposed descendant of the first Greek king of Cyrene, Battus I, through whom Callimachus claimed to be a descendant of the Battiad dynasty, the Libyan Greek monarchs that ruled Cyrenaica for eight generations and the first Greek Royal family to have reigned in Africa. He was named after his grandfather, an "elder" Callimachus, who was highly regarded by the Cyrenaean citizens and had served as a general.
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Carl Maria von Weber
Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von Weber (18 or 19 November 1786 – 4–5 June 1826) was a German composer, conductor, pianist, guitarist and critic, one of the first significant composers of the Romantic school.
Weber's operas Der Freischütz, Euryanthe and Oberon greatly influenced the development of the Romantic opera in Germany. Der Freischütz came to be regarded as the first German "nationalist" opera, Euryanthe developed the Leitmotiv technique to a hitherto-unprecedented degree, while Oberon anticipated Mendelssohn's music for A Midsummer Night's Dream and, at the same time, revealed Weber's lifelong interest in the music of non-Western cultures. This interest was first manifested in Weber's incidental music for Schiller's translation of Gozzi's Turandot, for which he used a Chinese melody, making him the first Western composer to use an Asian tune that was not of the pseudo-Turkish kind popularized by Mozart and others.
A brilliant pianist himself, Weber composed four sonatas, two concertos and the Konzertstück (Concert Piece) in F minor, which influenced composers such as Chopin, Liszt and Mendelssohn. The Konzertstück provided a new model for the one-movement concerto in several contrasting sections (such as Liszt's, who often played the work), and was acknowledged by Stravinsky as the model for his Capriccio for Piano and Orchestra. Weber's shorter piano pieces, such as the Invitation to the Dance, was later orchestrated by Berlioz, while his Polacca Brillante was later orchestrated by Liszt.
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Cato the Younger
Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis (95 BC, Rome – April 46 BC, Utica), commonly known as Cato the Younger (Cato Minor) to distinguish him from his great-grandfather (Cato the Elder), was a politician and statesman in the late Roman Republic, and a follower of the Stoic philosophy. A noted orator, he is remembered for his stubbornness and tenacity (especially in his lengthy conflict with Julius Caesar), as well as his immunity to bribes, his moral integrity, and his famous distaste for the ubiquitous corruption of the period.
Cato was born in 95 BC in Rome, the son of Marcus Porcius Cato and his wife Livia Drusa. His parents died when he was young, and he was cared for by his maternal uncle Marcus Livius Drusus, who also looked after Quintus Servilius Caepio, Servilia Caepionis Maior, and Servilia Caepionis Minor from Livia's first marriage (though Quintus Servilius Caepio was generally known to be Cato's full brother), as well as Porcia (Cato's full sister), and Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus (Livius' adopted son). Drusus was murdered when Cato was 4 years old.
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Cesarotti
Melchiore Cesarotti (May 15, 1730 – November 4, 1808) was an Italian poet and translator.
He was born at Padua, of a noble but impoverished family. At the University of Padua his literary progress gained him the chair of rhetoric, and in 1768 the professorship of Greek and Hebrew. On the invasion of Italy by the French, he wrote in support of their cause, received a pension, and was made knight of the iron crown by Napoleon I, to whom, in consequence, he addressed a bombastic and extravagantly flattering poem called Pronea.
Cesarotti is best known as the translator of Homer and Ossian. He also produced a less-than-faithful version of the Iliad. Ossian, which he held to be the finest of poems, he has, on the other hand, considerably improved in translation; and the appearance of his version attracted much attention in Italy and France, and raised up many imitators of the Ossianic style. Napoleon particularly admired the work.
Cesarotti also produced several prose works, including a Course of Greek Literature, and essays On the Origin and Progress of the Poetic Art, On the Sources of the Pleasure derived from Tragedy, On the Philosophy of Language and On the Philosophy of Taste, the last being a defence of his own great eccentricities in criticism. His style is full of Gallicisms.
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Clara Schumann
Clara Schumann (née Clara Josephine Wieck; 13 September 1819 – 20 May 1896) was a German musician and composer, considered one of the most distinguished pianists of the Romantic era. She exerted her influence over a 61-year concert career, changing the format and repertoire of the piano recital and the tastes of the listening public. Her husband was the composer Robert Schumann. She and her husband encouraged Johannes Brahms, and she was the first pianist to give public performances of some of Brahms' works, notably the Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel.
Clara Josephine Wieck was born in Leipzig on 13 September 1819 to Friedrich and Marianne Wieck (née Tromlitz). Her parents divorced when she was four years old; Clara was raised by her father. One of her father's students would scare Clara and dress up as ghosts but when she was older, she married him. In March 1828, at the age of eight, the young Clara Wieck performed at the Leipzig home of Dr. Ernst Carus, director of a mental hospital at Colditz Castle, and met another gifted young pianist invited to the musical evening named Robert Schumann, nine years older than her. Schumann admired Clara's playing so much that he asked permission from his mother to discontinue his studies of the law, which had never interested him much, and take music lessons with Clara's father, Friedrich Wieck. While taking lessons, he took rooms in the Wieck household, staying about a year.
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Clemens Brentano
Clemens Brentano, or Klemens Brentano (September 9, 1778 – July 28, 1842) was a German poet and novelist.
He was born in Ehrenbreitstein, near Koblenz, Germany. His sister was Bettina von Arnim, Goethe's correspondent. His father's family was of Italian descent. He studied in Halle and Jena, afterwards residing at Heidelberg, Vienna and Berlin. He was close to Wieland, Herder, Goethe, Friedrich Schlegel, Fichte and Tieck.
From 1798 to 1800 Brentano lived in Jena, the first center of the romantic movement. In 1801, he moved to Göttingen, and became a friend of Achim von Arnim. He married writer Sophie Mereau on 29 October 1803. In 1804, he moved to Heidelberg and worked with Arnim on Zeitungen für Einsiedler and Des Knaben Wunderhorn. After his wife Sophie died in 1806 he married a second time in 1807 to Auguste Busmann. In the years between 1808 and 1818, he lived mostly in Berlin, and from 1819 to 1824 in Dülmen, Westphalia.
In 1818, weary of his somewhat restless and unsettled life, he returned to the practice of the Catholic faith and withdrew to the monastery of Dülmen, where he lived for some years in strict seclusion. He took on there the position of secretary to the Catholic visionary nun, the Blessed Anne Catherine Emmerich, of whom it was said that, during the last twelve years of her life, she could eat no food except Holy Communion, nor take any drink except water, subsisting entirely on the Holy Eucharist.
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César Franck
César-Auguste-Jean-Guillaume-Hubert Franck (10 December 1822 – 8 November 1890) was a composer, pianist, organist, and music teacher who worked in Paris during his adult life.
He was born at Liège, in what is now Belgium (though at the time of his birth it was under the Netherlands' control). In that city he gave his first concerts in 1834. He studied privately in Paris from 1835, where his teachers included Anton Reicha. After a brief return to Belgium, and a disastrous reception to an early oratorio Ruth, he moved to Paris, where he married and embarked on a career as teacher and organist. He gained a reputation as a formidable improviser, and travelled widely in France to demonstrate new instruments built by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll.
In 1858 he became organist at Sainte-Clotilde, a position he retained for the rest of his life. He became professor at the Paris Conservatoire in 1872; he took French nationality, a requirement of the appointment. His pupils included Vincent d'Indy, Ernest Chausson, Louis Vierne, Charles Tournemire, Guillaume Lekeu, and Henri Duparc. After acquiring the professorship Franck wrote several pieces that have entered the standard classical repertoire, including symphonic, chamber, and keyboard works.
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Daniel Auber
Daniel François Esprit Auber (French pronunciation: [daɲɛl fʁɑ̃swa ɛspʁi obɛːʁ]) (29 January 1782 – 12/13 May 1871) was a French composer.
The son of a Paris print-seller, Auber was born in Caen in Normandy. Though his father expected him to continue in the print-selling business, he also allowed his son to learn how to play several musical instruments. His first teacher was the Tirolean composer, Josef Alois Ladurner (1769–1851). At the age of 20 Auber was sent to London for business training, but he was obliged to leave England in 1804 when the Treaty of Amiens was breached.
Auber had already attempted musical composition, and at this period produced several concertos pour basse, modeled after violoncellist Lamarre, in whose name they were published. The praise given to his concerto for the violin, which was played at the Paris Conservatoire by Mazas, encouraged him to undertake a resetting of an old comic opera, Julie (1811). He also began to study with the renowned Luigi Cherubini.
In 1813 the unfavourable reception of his one-act debut opera Le Séjour militaire put an end for some years to his attempts as composer. But his failure in business, and the death of his father in 1819, compelled him once more to turn to music. He produced another opera, Le Testament et les billets-doux (1819), which was no better received than the former. But he persevered, and the next year was rewarded by the complete success of La Bergère châtelaine, an opera in three acts.
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Dante Alighieri
Durante degli Alighieri, mononymously referred to as Dante (UK /ˈdænti/, US /ˈdɑːnteɪ/; Italian: [ˈdante]; c1265–1321), was an Italian poet, prose writer, literary theorist, moral philosopher, and political thinker. He is best known for the monumental epic poem Commedia, later named La divina commedia (Divine Comedy), considered the greatest literary work composed in the Italian language and a masterpiece of world literature.
In Italy he is known as il Sommo Poeta ("the Supreme Poet") or just il Poeta. Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio are also known as "the three fountains" or "the three crowns". Dante is also called the "Father of the Italian language".
Dante was born in Florence, Italy. The exact date of Dante's birth is unknown, although it is generally believed to be around 1265. This can be deduced from autobiographic allusions in La Divina Commedia, "the Inferno" (Halfway through the journey we are living, implying that Dante was around 35 years old, as the average lifespan according to the Bible (Psalms 89:10, Vulgate) is 70 years; and as the imaginary travel took place in 1300, Dante must have been born around 1265). Some verses of the Paradiso section of the Divine Comedy also provide a possible clue that he was born under the sign of Gemini: "As I revolved with the eternal twins, I saw revealed from hills to river outlets, the threshing-floor that makes us so ferocious" (XXII 151-154). In 1265 the Sun was in Gemini approximately during the period of May 11 to June 11.
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E. T. A. Hoffmann
Ernst Theodor Wilhelm Hoffmann (24 January 1776 – 25 June 1822), better known by his pen name E. T. A. Hoffmann (Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann), was a German Romantic author of fantasy and horror, a jurist, composer, music critic, draftsman and caricaturist. He is the subject and hero of Jacques Offenbach's famous but fictitious opera The Tales of Hoffmann, and the author of the novelette The Nutcracker and the Mouse King, on which the famous ballet The Nutcracker is based. The ballet Coppélia is based on two other stories that Hoffmann wrote. Also Schumann's Kreisleriana is based on one of Hoffmann's characters.
Hoffmann's stories were very influential during the 19th century, and he is one of the major authors of the Romantic movement.
Hoffmann's ancestors, both maternal and paternal, were jurists. His father, Christoph Ludwig Hoffmann (1736–97) was a barrister in Königsberg, Prussia, and also a poet and amateur musician who played the viola da gamba. During 1767 he married his cousin Lovisa Albertina Doerffer (1748–96). Ernst Theodor Wilhelm, born on 24 January 1776, was the youngest of three children, of whom the second died in infancy.
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Edgar Allan Poe
Edgar Allan Poe (born Edgar Poe; January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American author, poet, editor and literary critic, considered part of the American Romantic Movement. Best known for his tales of mystery and the macabre, Poe was one of the earliest American practitioners of the short story and is considered the inventor of the detective fiction genre. He is further credited with contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction. He was the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career.
He was born as Edgar Poe in Boston, Massachusetts; he was orphaned young when his mother died shortly after his father abandoned the family. Poe was taken in by John and Frances Allan, of Richmond, Virginia, but they never formally adopted him. He attended the University of Virginia for one semester but left due to lack of money. After enlisting in the Army and later failing as an officer's cadet at West Point, Poe parted ways with the Allans. His publishing career began humbly, with an anonymous collection of poems, Tamerlane and Other Poems (1827), credited only to "a Bostonian".
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Emanuel Leutze
Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze (May 24, 1816, Schwäbisch Gmünd – July 18, 1868) was a German American history painter best known for his painting Washington Crossing the Delaware. He is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting.
Leutze was born in Schwäbisch Gmünd, Württemberg (Germany), and was brought to America as a child. His parents settled first in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, then at Fredericksburg, Va. His early education was good, though not especially in the direction of art. The first development of his artistic talent occurred while he was attending the sickbed of his father, when he attempted drawing to occupy the long hours of waiting. His father died in 1831. At 14, he was painting portraits for $5 apiece. Through such work, he supported himself after the death of his father. In 1834, he received his first instruction in art in classes of John Rubens Smith, a portrait painter in Philadelphia. He soon became skilled, and promoted a plan for publishing, in Washington, portraits of eminent American statesmen; however, he met with but slight encouragement.
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Felix Mendelssohn
Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (German pronunciation: [ˈjaːkɔp ˈluːtvɪç ˈfeːlɪks ˈmɛndl̩szoːn baʁˈtɔldi]), born, and generally known in English-speaking countries, as Felix Mendelssohn (3 February 1809 – 4 November 1847) was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic period.
The grandson of the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn, Felix Mendelssohn was born into a prominent Jewish family, although initially he was raised without religion and was later baptised as a Lutheran Christian. Mendelssohn was recognised early as a musical prodigy, but his parents were cautious and did not seek to capitalise on his talent.
Early success in Germany, where he also revived interest in the music of Johann Sebastian Bach, was followed by travel throughout Europe. Mendelssohn was particularly well received in Britain as a composer, conductor and soloist, and his ten visits there – during which many of his major works were premiered – form an important part of his adult career. His essentially conservative musical tastes, however, set him apart from many of his more adventurous musical contemporaries such as Franz Liszt, Richard Wagner and Hector Berlioz. The Leipzig Conservatoire (now the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig), which he founded, became a bastion of this anti-radical outlook.
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France Prešeren
France Prešeren ( pronunciation (help·info)) (3 December 1800 – 8 February 1849) was a Slovene Romantic poet. He is considered the Slovene national poet.[clarification needed] Although he was not a particularly prolific author, he inspired virtually all Slovene literature thereafter.
He was born 3 December 1800 (Saturday) in the Upper Carniolan village of Vrba, then part of the Habsburg Monarchy (today in Slovenia), to a relatively well-to-do peasant family. Already as a child, he showed considerable talent, and so his parents decided to provide him with a good education. At the age of eight, he was sent to elementary schools in Grosuplje and Ribnica, run by the local Roman Catholic clergy. In 1812, he moved to the Carniolan provincial capital of Ljubljana, where he attended the State Gymnasium. Already at a very young age, he learned Latin, Ancient Greek, and German, which was then the language of education, administration, and high culture in most areas inhabited by Slovenes. In Ljubljana, Prešeren's talent was spotted by the poet Valentin Vodnik, who encouraged him to develop his literary skills in Slovene. As a high school student, he became friends with the future philologist Matija Čop, who would have an extremely important influence on the development of Prešeren's poetry. In 1821, Prešeren enrolled at the University of Vienna, where he studied law, against the wishes of his mother, who wanted him to become a priest. In Vienna, he became acquainted with the western canon from Homer to Goethe, but he was most fascinated by Dante and the Italian trecentists, especially Petrarch and Boccaccio. He also read contemporary Romantic poets, and he was even fired from a teaching post at Klinkowström's Jesuit institute for having loaned a booklet of banned poetry to his friend Anastasius Grün.
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Francesco Hayez
Francesco Hayez (February 10, 1791 – December 21, 1881) was an Italian painter, the leading artist of Romanticism in mid-19th-century Milan, renowned for his grand historical paintings, political allegories and exceptionally fine portraits.
Hayez came from a relatively poor family from Venice. His father was of French origin while his mother, Chiara Torcella, was from Murano. The child Francesco, youngest of five sons, was brought up by his mother's sister, who had married Giovanni Binasco, a well-off shipowner and collector of art. From childhood he showed a predisposition for drawing, so his uncle apprenticed him to an art restorer. Later he became a student of the painter Francesco Maggiotto with whom he continued his studies for three years. He was admitted to the painting course of the New Academy of Fine Arts in 1806, where he studied under Teodoro Matteini. In 1809 he won a competition from the Academy of Venice for one year of study at the Accademia di San Luca in Rome. He remained in Rome until 1814, then moved to Naples where he was commissioned by Joachim Murat to paint a major work depicting Ulysses at the court of Alcinous. In the mid 1830s he attended the "Salotto Maffei" salon in Milan, hosted by Clara Maffei (whose portrait Hayez painted for her husband), and he was still in Milan in 1850 when he was appointed director of the Academy of Brera there.
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Francesco Petrarca
Francesco Petrarca (July 20, 1304 – July 19, 1374), known in English as Petrarch, was an Italian scholar, poet and one of the earliest humanists. Petrarch is often called the "Father of Humanism". In the 16th century, Pietro Bembo created the model for the modern Italian language based on Petrarch's works, as well as those of Giovanni Boccaccio and, especially, Dante Alighieri. This would be later endorsed by the Accademia della Crusca. Petrarch's sonnets were admired and imitated throughout Europe during the Renaissance and became a model for lyrical poetry. He is also known for being the first to develop the concept of the "Dark Ages".
Petrarch was born July 20, 1304 at Vicolo dell'Orto 28 according to tradition in the city of Arezzo, just at dawn on a Monday. He was the son of Ser Petracco. His given name was Francesco Petracco. The name was Latinized to Petrarca and later was Anglicized to Petrarch. Petrarch's younger brother was born in Incisa in Val d'Arno in 1307. Dante was a friend of his father.
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Francisco Goya
Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (Spanish pronunciation: [fɾanˈθisko xoˈse ðe ˈɣoʝa i luˈθjentes]; 30 March 1746–16 April 1828) was a Spanish romantic painter and printmaker regarded both as the last of the Old Masters and the first of the moderns. Goya was a court painter to the Spanish Crown, and through his works was both a commentator on and chronicler of his era. The subversive and imaginative element in his art, as well as his bold handling of paint, provided a model for the work of later generations of artists, notably Manet, Picasso and Francis Bacon.. In his honour, Spain's main national film awards are called the Goya Awards.
Goya was born in Fuendetodos, Aragón, Spain, in 1746 to José Benito de Goya y Franque and Gracia de Lucientes y Salvador. He spent his childhood in Fuendetodos, where his family lived in a house bearing the family crest of his mother. His father earned his living as a gilder. About 1749, the family bought a house in the city of Zaragoza and some years later moved into it. Goya may have attended school at Escuelas Pias. He formed a close friendship with Martin Zapater at this time, and their correspondence from the 1770s to the 1790s is a valuable source for understanding Goya's early career at the court of Madrid. At age 14, Goya studied under the painter José Luzán. He moved to Madrid where he studied with Anton Raphael Mengs, a painter who was popular with Spanish royalty. He clashed with his master, and his examinations were unsatisfactory. Goya submitted entries for the Royal Academy of Fine Art in 1763 and 1766, but was denied entrance.
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Franz Berwald
Franz Adolf Berwald (July 23, 1796, Stockholm – April 3, 1868) was a Swedish Romantic composer who was generally ignored during his lifetime. He made his living as an orthopedic surgeon and later as the manager of a saw mill and glass factory.
Berwald came from a family with four generations of musicians; his father, a violinist in the Royal Opera Orchestra, taught Franz the violin from an early age; he soon appeared in concerts. In 1811, Karl XIII came to power and reinstated the Royal Chapel; the following year Berwald started working there, as well as playing the violin in the court orchestra and the opera, receiving lessons from Edouard du Puy, and also started composing. The summers were off-season for the orchestra, and Berwald travelled around Scandinavia, Finland and Russia. Of his works from that time, a septet and a serenade he still considered worthwhile music in his later years.
In 1818 Berwald started publishing the Musikalisk journal, later renamed Journal de musique, a periodical with easy piano pieces and songs by various composers as well as some of his own original work. In 1821, his Violin Concerto was premiered by his brother August. It was not well received; some people in the audience burst out laughing during the slow movement.
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Franz Liszt
Franz Liszt (German: [fʁant͡s lɪst]); Hungarian: Liszt Ferencz, in modern use Liszt Ferenc) (October 22, 1811 – July 31, 1886) was a 19th-century Hungarian composer, pianist, conductor, and teacher.
Liszt became renowned in Europe during the nineteenth century for his virtuosic skill as a pianist. He was said by his contemporaries to have been the most technically advanced pianist of his age. In the 1840s he was considered by some to be perhaps the greatest pianist of all time. He was also a well-known composer, piano teacher, and conductor. He was a benefactor to other composers, including Richard Wagner, Hector Berlioz, Camille Saint-Saëns, Edvard Grieg and Alexander Borodin.
As a composer, Liszt was one of the most prominent representatives of the "Neudeutsche Schule" ("New German School"). He left behind an extensive and diverse body of work in which he influenced his forward-looking contemporaries and anticipated some 20th-century ideas and trends. Some of his most notable contributions were the invention of the symphonic poem, developing the concept of thematic transformation as part of his experiments in musical form and making radical departures in harmony. He also played an important role in popularizing a wide array of music by transcribing it for piano.
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Franz Schubert
Franz Peter Schubert (German pronunciation: [ˈfʁants ˈʃuːbɛɐ̯t]; 31 January 1797 – 19 November 1828) was an Austrian composer.
Although he died at the age of 31, Schubert was a prolific composer, having written some 600 Lieder, nine symphonies (including the famous "Unfinished Symphony"), liturgical music, operas, some incidental music, and a large body of chamber and solo piano music. Appreciation of Schubert's music during his lifetime was limited, but interest in his work increased significantly in the decades following his death. Franz Liszt, Robert Schumann, Johannes Brahms and Felix Mendelssohn, among others, discovered and championed his works in the 19th century. Today, Schubert is seen as one of the leading exponents of the early Romantic era in music and he remains one of the most frequently performed composers.
Schubert was born in Himmelpfortgrund (now a part of Alsergrund), Vienna, on 31 January 1797. His father, Franz Theodor Schubert, the son of a Moravian peasant, was a parish schoolmaster; his mother, Elisabeth Vietz, was the daughter of a Silesian master locksmith, and had also been a housemaid for a Viennese family prior to her marriage. Of Franz Theodor's fourteen children (one illegitimate child was born in 1783), nine died in infancy; five survived. Their father was a well-known teacher, and his school in Lichtental, a part of Vienna's 9th district, was well attended. He was not a musician of fame or with formal training, but he taught his son some elements of music.
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Friedrich Schiller
Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller [ˈjoːhan ˈkʁɪstɔf ˈfʁiːdʁɪç fɔn ˈʃɪlɐ] (10 November 1759 – 9 May 1805) was a German poet, philosopher, historian, and playwright. During the last seventeen years of his life (1788–1805), Schiller struck up a productive, if complicated, friendship with already famous and influential Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. They frequently discussed issues concerning aesthetics, and Schiller encouraged Goethe to finish works he left as sketches. This relationship and these discussions led to a period now referred to as Weimar Classicism. They also worked together on Xenien, a collection of short satirical poems in which both Schiller and Goethe challenge opponents to their philosophical vision.
Friedrich Schiller was born on 10 November 1759, in Marbach, Württemberg as the only son of military doctor Johann Kaspar Schiller (1733–96), and Elisabeth Dorothea Kodweiß (1732–1802). They also had five daughters. His father was away in the Seven Years' War when Friedrich was born. He was named after king Frederick the Great, but he was called Fritz by nearly everyone. Kaspar Schiller was rarely home during the war, but he did manage to visit the family once in a while. His wife and children also visited him occasionally wherever he happened to be stationed. When the war ended in 1763, Schiller's father became a recruiting officer and was stationed in Schwäbisch Gmünd. The family moved with him. Due to the high cost of living—especially the rent—the family moved to nearby Lorch.
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Fromental Halévy
Jacques-François-Fromental-Élie Halévy, usually known as Fromental Halévy (pronounced [fʁɔmɑ̃tal alevi]) (27 May 1799 – 17 March 1862), was a French composer. He is known today largely for his opera La Juive.
Halévy was born in Paris, the son of a cantor, Élie Halfon Halévy, who was the secretary of the Jewish community of Paris, a writer and a teacher of Hebrew, and a French Jewish mother. The name Fromental, by which he was generally known, reflects that he was born on the feast-day of that name in the French Revolutionary calendar, which was still operative at that time. He entered the Conservatoire de Paris at the age of nine or ten (accounts differ), in 1809, becoming a pupil and later protégé of Cherubini. After two second-place attempts, he won the Prix de Rome in 1819: his cantata subject was Herminie.
As he had to delay his departure to Rome because of the death of his mother, he was able to accept the first commission that brought him to public attention - a Marche Funèbre et De Profundis en Hébreu for three part choir, tenor and orchestra, which was commissioned by the Consistoire Israélite du Département de la Seine, for a public service in memory of the assassinated duc de Berry, performed on 24 March 1820. Later, his brother Léon recalled that the De Profundis, "infused with religious fervor, created a sensation, and attracted interest to the young laureate of the institute."
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Frédéric Chopin
Frédéric François Chopin ( /ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; Polish: Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin, also phonetically Szopen; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849) was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of French-Polish parentage. He is considered one of the great masters of Romantic music. Chopin was born in Żelazowa Wola, a village in the Duchy of Warsaw. A renowned child-prodigy pianist and composer, Chopin grew up in Warsaw and completed his music education there; he composed many mature works in Warsaw before leaving Poland in 1830 at age 20, shortly before the November 1830 Uprising.
Following the Russian suppression of the Uprising, he settled in Paris as part of Poland's Great Emigration. During the remaining 19 years of his life, Chopin gave only some 30 public performances, preferring the more intimate atmosphere of the salon; he supported himself by sales of his compositions and as a piano teacher. After some romantic dalliances with Polish women, including an abortive engagement, from 1837 to 1847 he carried on a relationship with the French writer Amantine Dupin (pen name "George Sand"). For most of his life, Chopin suffered from poor health; he died in Paris in 1849 at age 39.
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Gaetano Donizetti
Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (Italian pronunciation: [doˈmeːniko ɡaeˈtaːno maˈɾia doniˈdzetti]; 29 November 1797 – 8 April 1848) was an Italian composer from Bergamo, Lombardy. His best-known works are the operas L'elisir d'amore (1832), Lucia di Lammermoor (1835), and Don Pasquale (1843), all in Italian, and the French operas La favorite and La fille du régiment (both from 1840). Along with Vincenzo Bellini and Gioachino Rossini, he was a leading composer of bel canto opera.
The youngest of three sons, Donizetti was born in 1797 in Bergamo's Borgo Canale quarter located just outside the city walls. His family was very poor with no tradition of music, his father being the caretaker of the town pawnshop. Nevertheless, Donizetti received some musical instruction from Simon Mayr, a German composer of internationally successful operas who had become maestro di cappella at Bergamo's principal church in 1802.
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Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei (Italian pronunciation: [ɡaliˈlɛːo ɡaliˈlɛi]; 15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642), was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. His achievements include improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations and support for Copernicanism. Galileo has been called the "father of modern observational astronomy", the "father of modern physics", the "father of science", and "the Father of Modern Science".
His contributions to observational astronomy include the telescopic confirmation of the phases of Venus, the discovery of the four largest satellites of Jupiter (named the Galilean moons in his honour), and the observation and analysis of sunspots. Galileo also worked in applied science and technology, inventing an improved military compass and other instruments.
Galileo's championing of heliocentrism was controversial within his lifetime, when most subscribed to either geocentrism or the Tychonic system. He met with opposition from astronomers, who doubted heliocentrism due to the absence of an observed stellar parallax. The matter was investigated by the Roman Inquisition in 1615, and they concluded that it could only be supported as a possibility, not as an established fact. Galileo later defended his views in Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, which appeared to attack Pope Urban VIII and thus alienated him and the Jesuits, who had both supported Galileo up until this point. He was tried by the Inquisition, found "vehemently suspect of heresy", forced to recant, and spent the rest of his life under house arrest. It was while Galileo was under house arrest that he wrote one of his finest works, Two New Sciences. Here he summarized the work he had done some forty years earlier, on the two sciences now called kinematics and strength of materials.
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Gaspare Spontini
Gaspare Luigi Pacifico Spontini (14 November 1774 – 24 January 1851) was an Italian opera composer and conductor, extremely celebrated in his time, though largely forgotten after his death.
Born in Maiolati in the province of Ancona, now Maiolati Spontini, he spent most of his career in Paris and Berlin, but returned to his place of birth at the end of his life. During the first two decades of the 19th century, Spontini was an important figure in French opera. In his more than twenty operas, Spontini strove to adapt Gluck's classical tragédie lyrique to the contemporary taste for melodrama, for grander spectacle (in Fernand Cortez for example), for enriched orchestral timbre, and for melodic invention allied to idiomatic expressiveness of words. His single great masterpiece and success was La vestale.
As a youth, Spontini studied at the Conservatorio della Pietà de' Turchini in Naples. In 1803, he went to Paris, where he was appointed court composer in 1805.
In 1807, Spontini wrote La vestale, his best known work. Written with the encouragement of Empress Joséphine, its premiere at the Opéra in Paris established Spontini as one of the greatest Italian composers of his age. His contemporaries Cherubini and Meyerbeer considered it a masterpiece, and later composers like Berlioz and Wagner admired it.
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Germaine de Staël
Anne Louise Germaine de Staël-Holstein (French pronunciation: [stal]; 22 April 1766 – 14 July 1817), commonly known as Madame de Staël, was a French-speaking Swiss author living in Paris and abroad. She influenced literary tastes in Europe at the turn of the 19th century.
Anne Louise Germaine Necker was born in Paris, France. Her father was the prominent Swiss banker and statesman Jacques Necker, who was the Director of Finance under King Louis XVI of France. Her mother was Suzanne Curchod, almost equally famous for being the early love of Edward Gibbon, being the wife of Necker herself, and being the mistress of one of the most popular salons of Paris. Mother and daughter had little sympathy for each other. Mme Necker, despite her talents, her beauty and her fondness for philosophic society, was strictly decorous, somewhat reserved, and wanted to bring up her daughter with the discipline of her own childhood. Anne Louise was from her earliest years energetic and boisterous. She began very early to write, though not to publish. She was said to have injured her health by excessive study and intellectual excitement. But in reading all the accounts of Mme de Staël's life which come from herself or her intimate friends, it must be carefully remembered that she was the most distinguished and characteristic product of the period of sensibility — the singular fashion of ultra-sentimentalism — which required that both men and women, but especially women, should be always palpitating with excitement, steeped in melancholy, or dissolved in tears. Still, her father's dismissal from the ministry and the consequent removal of the family from the busy life of Paris were probably beneficial to her.
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Giacomo Leopardi
Giacomo Taldegardo Francesco di Sales Saverio Pietro Leopardi (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdʒakomo leoˈpardi]; June 29, 1798 – June 14, 1837) was an Italian poet, essayist, philosopher, and philologist. Although he lived in a secluded town in the ultra-conservative Papal States, he came in touch with the main thoughts of the Enlightenment, and, by his own literary evolution, created a remarkable and renowned poetic work, related to the Romantic era.
Giacomo Leopardi was born of a local noble family in Recanati, in the Marche, at the time ruled by the papacy. His father, the count Monaldo Leopardi, was a good-hearted man, fond of literature but weak and reactionary, who remained bound to antiquated ideas and prejudices; his mother, the marquise Adelaide Antici Mattei, was a cold and authoritarian woman, obsessed over rebuilding the family's financial fortunes, which had been destroyed by Monaldo's gambling addiction. At home, a rigorous discipline of religion and savings reigned. However, Giacomo's happy childhood, which he spent with his younger brother Carlo Orazio and his sister Paolina, left its mark on the poet, who recorded his experiences in the poem Le Ricordanze.
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Giacomo Meyerbeer
Giacomo Meyerbeer (5 September 1791 – 2 May 1864) was a noted German opera composer, and the first great exponent of "grand opera." At his peak in the 1830s and 1840s, he was the most famous and successful composer of opera in Europe, yet he is rarely performed today.
He was born to a Jewish family in Tasdorf (now a part of Rüdersdorf), near Berlin with the name Jacob Liebmann Beer. His father was the enormously wealthy financier Jacob Judah Herz Beer (1769-1825) and his much-beloved mother, Amalia Liebmann Meyer Wulff (1767-1854) also came from the wealthy elite. Their other children included the astronomer Wilhelm Beer and the poet Michael Beer.
Beer's first keyboard instructor was Franz Lauska, a pupil of Johann Georg Albrechtsberger and a favoured teacher at the Berlin court. Beer also became one of Muzio Clementi's pupils while Clementi was in Berlin, and old Clementi himself, although he had long given up teaching, was so much struck, during a visit to Berlin, with the promise displayed in the boy's performance as to consent to give Beer lessons. Beer made his public debut in 1801 playing Mozart's D minor Piano Concerto in Berlin. The Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung reported: 'The amazing keyboard playing of young Bär (a Jewish lad of 9), who carried off the difficult passages and other solo parts with aplomb, and has fine powers of rendition even more rarely found in one of his age, made the concert even more interesting'.
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Gioachino Rossini
Gioachino Antonio Rossini (Italian pronunciation: [dʒoaˈkiːno anˈtɔːnjo rosˈsiːni] (Giovacchino Antonio Rossini in the baptismal certificate) (29 February 1792 – 13 November 1868) was an Italian composer who wrote 39 operas as well as sacred music, chamber music, songs, and some instrumental and piano pieces. His best-known operas include the Italian comedies Il barbiere di Siviglia (The Barber of Seville) and La Cenerentola and the French-language epics Moïse et Pharaon and Guillaume Tell (William Tell). A tendency for inspired, song-like melodies is evident throughout his scores, which led to the nickname "The Italian Mozart". Until his retirement in 1829, Rossini had been the most popular opera composer in history.
Gioachino Antonio Rossini was born into a family of musicians in Pesaro, a town on the Adriatic coast of Italy which was then part of the Papal States. His father, Giuseppe, was a horn player and inspector of slaughterhouses. His mother, Anna, was a singer and a baker's daughter. Rossini's parents began his musical training early, and by the age of six he was playing the triangle in his father's musical group.
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Giovanni Boccaccio
Giovanni Boccaccio (Italian pronunciation: [dʒoˈvanni bokˈkattʃo]; 1313 – 21 December 1375) was an Italian author and poet, a friend, student, and correspondent of Petrarch, an important Renaissance humanist and the author of a number of notable works including the Decameron, On Famous Women, and his poetry in the Italian vernacular. Boccaccio is particularly notable for his dialogue, of which it has been said that it surpasses in verisimilitude that of virtually all of his contemporaries, since they were medieval writers and often followed formulaic models for character and plot.
The exact details of his birth are uncertain. The majority of sources state that he was born either in Florence or in a village near Certaldo where his family was from.Giovanni Villani, a contemporary of Boccaccio and chronicler, states that he was born in Paris as a consequence of an illicit relation but others denounce this as a romanticism by the earliest biographers. He was the son of a Florentine merchant and an unknown woman, and almost certainly born illegitimate.
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Giuseppe Parini
Giuseppe Parini (23 May 1729 – 15 August 1799) was an Italian Enlightenment satirist and poet of the neoclassic period.
Parini (originally spelled Parino) was born in Bosisio (later rechristened Bosisio Parini in his honour) in Brianza, Lombardy. His father, who was a petty silk trader, sent him to Milan under the care of his grandaunt: there he studied under the Barnabites in the Academy Arcimboldi, sustaining himself in the meantime by copying manuscripts. In 1741 his grandaunt left him a monthly payment, at the condition that he would enter priesthood. Parini was thus ordained, although his religious studies were not profitable, because of his need to work in a lawyer's office during his free time, and his intolerance to the old fashioned teaching methods used.
In 1752, he published at Lugano, under the pseudonym of "Ripano Eupilino", a small volume of selected verses, Alcune poesie, which secured his election to the Accademia dei Trasformati at Milan, as well as to the Accademia dell'Arcadia at Rome. His poem, Il Giorno (The Day, 1763), consisting of ironic instructions to a young nobleman as to the best method of spending his mornings, marked a distinct advance in Italian blank verse. It at once established Parini's popularity and influence, and two years later a continuation of the same theme was published under the title of Il Mezzogiorno.
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Giuseppe Verdi
Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi (Italian pronunciation: [dʒuˈzɛppe ˈverdi]; 10 October 1813 – 27 January 1901) was an Italian Romantic composer, mainly of opera. He was one of the most influential composers of the 19th century. His works are frequently performed in opera houses throughout the world and, transcending the boundaries of the genre, some of his themes have long since taken root in popular culture – such as "La donna è mobile" from Rigoletto, "Va, pensiero" (The Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves) from Nabucco, "Libiamo ne' lieti calici" (The Drinking Song) from La traviata and the "Grand March" from Aida.
Verdi’s masterworks dominate the standard opera repertoire a century and a half after their composition.
Verdi was born the son of Carlo Giuseppe Verdi and Luigia Uttini in Le Roncole, a village near Busseto, then in the Département Taro which was a part of the First French Empire after the annexation of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza. The baptismal register, on 11 October lists him as being "born yesterday", but since days were often considered to begin at sunset, this could have meant either 9 or 10 October. The next day, he was baptized in the Roman Catholic Church in Latin as Joseph Fortuninus Franciscus. The day after that (Tuesday), Verdi's father took his newborn the three miles to Busseto, where the baby was recorded as Joseph Fortunin François; the clerk wrote in French. "So it happened that for the civil and temporal world Verdi was born a Frenchman."
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Gonçalves Dias
Antônio Gonçalves Dias (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɡõˈsawvis ˈdʒiɐs]; August 10, 1823 — November 3, 1864) was a Brazilian Romantic poet, playwright and linguist. A major exponent of the Brazilian Romanticism and of the literary tradition known as "Indianism", he is famous for writing the poem "Canção do exílio", arguably the most well-known poem of the Brazilian literature, the short epic poem I-Juca-Pirama, and many other nationalist and patriotic poems that would later give him the title of national poet of Brazil. He was also an avid researcher of the Brazilian indigenous languages and folklore.
He is the patron of the 15th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.
Antônio Gonçalves Dias was born in Caxias on August 10, 1823, to Portuguese João Manuel Gonçalves Dias and cafuza Vicência Ferreira. After completing his studies in Latin, French and Philosophy, he went in 1838 to Portugal to earn a degree in Law at the University of Coimbra. There, he got in contact with the Romantic ideals and wrote his critically acclaimed poem "Canção do exílio". He graduated in 1845 and returned to Brazil in the same year. He goes to Rio de Janeiro, living there until 1854. There, he wrote the drama Leonor de Mendonça in 1846 and his first poetry book, Primeiros Cantos, in 1847.
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Greeks
The Greeks, also known as the Hellenes (Greek: Ἕλληνες, [ˈelines]), are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and other regions. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world.
Greek colonies and communities have been historically established in most corners of the Mediterranean, but Greeks have always been centered around the Aegean Sea, where the Greek language has been spoken since antiquity. Until the early 20th century, Greeks were uniformly distributed between the Greek peninsula, the western coast of Asia Minor, Pontus, Egypt, Cyprus and Constantinople; many of these regions coincided to a large extent with the borders of the Byzantine Empire of the late 11th century and the Eastern Mediterranean areas of the ancient Greek colonization.
In the aftermath of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922), a large-scale population exchange between Greece and Turkey transferred and confined Christians from Turkey, except Constantinople (effectively ethnic Greeks) into the borders of the modern Greek state and Cyprus. Other ethnic Greek populations can be found from southern Italy to the Caucasus and in diaspora communities in a number of other countries. Today, most Greeks are officially registered as members of the Greek Orthodox Church.
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Hans Gude
Hans Fredrik Gude (March 13, 1825 – August 17, 1903) was a Norwegian romanticist painter and is considered along with Johan Christian Dahl to be one of Norway's foremost landscape painters. He has been called a mainstay of Norwegian National Romanticism. He is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting.
Gude's artistic career was not one marked with drastic change and revolution, but was instead a steady progression that slowly reacted to general trends in the artistic world. Gude's early works are of idyllic, sun-drenched Norwegian landscapes which present a romantic, yet still realistic view of his country. Around 1860 Gude began painting seascapes and other coastal subjects. Gude had difficulty with figure drawing initially and so collaborated with Adolph Tidemand in some of his painting, drawing the landscape himself and allowing Tidemand to paint the figures. Later Gude would work specifically on his figures while at Karlsruhe, and so began populating his paintings with them. Gude initially painted primarily with oils in a studio, basing his works on studies he'd done earlier in the field. However, as Gude matured as a painter he began to paint en plein air and espoused the merits of doing so to his students. Gude would go on to work with watercolors later in life as well as gouache in an effort to keep his art constantly fresh and evolving, and although these were never as well received by the public as his oil paintings, his fellow artists greatly admired them.
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Hector Berlioz
Hector Berlioz (pronounced: [ɛktɔʁ bɛʁˈljoːz]; 11 December 1803 – 8 March 1869) was a French Romantic composer, best known for his compositions Symphonie fantastique and Grande messe des morts (Requiem). Berlioz made significant contributions to the modern orchestra with his Treatise on Instrumentation. He specified huge orchestral forces for some of his works; as a conductor, he performed several concerts with more than 1,000 musicians. He also composed around 50 songs. His influence was critical for the further development of Romanticism, especially in composers like Richard Wagner, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Franz Liszt, Richard Strauss, Gustav Mahler and many others.
Hector Berlioz was born in France at La Côte-Saint-André in the département of Isère, near Grenoble. His father, a respected provincial physician and scholar, was responsible for much of the young Berlioz's education. His father, Louis-Joseph Berlioz, was an atheist, with a liberal outlook; his mother, Marie-Antoinette, was an orthodox Roman Catholic. He had five siblings in all, three of whom did not survive to adulthood. The other two, Nanci and Adèle, remained close to Berlioz throughout his life.
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Heinrich Heine
Christian Johann Heinrich Heine (13 December 1797 – 17 February 1856) was one of the most significant German poets of the 19th century. He was also a journalist, essayist, and literary critic. He is best known outside Germany for his early lyric poetry, which was set to music in the form of Lieder (art songs) by composers such as Robert Schumann and Franz Schubert. Heine's later verse and prose is distinguished by its satirical wit and irony. His radical political views led to many of his works being banned by German authorities. Heine spent the last 25 years of his life as an expatriate in Paris.
Heine was born in Düsseldorf, Rhineland, into a Jewish family. He was called "Harry" as a child, but became "Heinrich" after his conversion to Christianity in 1825. Heine's father, Samson Heine (1764–1828), was a textile merchant. His mother Peira (known as "Betty"), née van Geldern (1771–1859), was the daughter of a physician. Heinrich was the eldest of the four children; his siblings were Charlotte, Gustav - who later became Baron Heine-Geldern and publisher of the Viennese newspaper Das Fremdenblatt - and Maximilian, later a physician in Saint Petersburg.
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Heinrich Marschner
Heinrich August Marschner (Zittau, 16 August 1795 – Hanover, 16 December 1861), was the most important composer of German Romantic opera between Carl Maria von Weber and Richard Wagner, and is remembered principally for his operas Hans Heiling (1833), Der Vampyr (1828), and Der Templer und die Jüdin (1829). Marschner’s ability to depict supernatural horror by musical means is especially evident in the first two operas as well as in some of his ballads, such as "Die Monduhr" (c. 1839). Next to his operas, his most significant musical contribution is to the Lied, the best of which are comparable with those by Carl Loewe. Marschner also wrote a considerable amount of chamber music, including seven piano trios, as well as unaccompanied male choruses that were very popular in the nineteenth century. While Marschner’s operas strongly influenced Wagner, his chamber music, songs, and his cantata Klänge aus Osten (1842) were admired by Robert Schumann, whose cantata Paradise and the Peri (1843) shows the older composer’s influence. Marschner’s Bagatelles for guitar (1814) have been revived by guitarists, and so have been some of his piano trios. Among his operas, Hans Heiling and especially Der Vampyr have been adapted and revived in recent years with considerable success.
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Heinrich von Kleist
Bernd Heinrich Wilhelm von Kleist (18 October 1777 – 21 November 1811) was a poet, dramatist, novelist and short story writer. The Kleist Prize, a prestigious prize for German literature, is named after him.
Kleist was born into the von Kleist family in Frankfurt an der Oder in the Margraviate of Brandenburg. After a scanty education, he entered the Prussian Army in 1792, served in the Rhine campaign of 1796, and retired from the service in 1799 with the rank of lieutenant. He studied law and philosophy at the Viadrina University and in 1800 received a subordinate post in the Ministry of Finance at Berlin.
In the following year, Kleist's roving, restless spirit got the better of him, and procuring a lengthened leave of absence he visited Paris and then settled in Switzerland. Here he found congenial friends in Heinrich Zschokke and Ludwig Friedrich August Wieland (d. 1819), son of the poet Christoph Martin Wieland; and to them he read his first drama, a gloomy tragedy, The Schroffenstein Family (1803, originally entitled The Ghonorez Family).
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Henry Fuseli
Henry Fuseli (German: Johann Heinrich Füssli) (February 7, 1741 – April 17, 1825) was a British painter, draughtsman, and writer on art, of Swiss origin.
Fuseli was born in Zürich, Switzerland, the second of eighteen children. His father was Johann Caspar Füssli, a painter of portraits and landscapes, and author of Lives of the Helvetic Painters. He intended Henry for the church, and sent him to the Caroline college of Zurich, where he received an excellent classical education. One of his schoolmates there was Johann Kaspar Lavater, with whom he became close friends.
After taking orders in 1761 Fuseli was forced to leave the country as a result of having helped Lavater to expose an unjust magistrate, whose powerful family sought revenge. He first travelled through Germany, and then, in 1765, visited England, where he supported himself for some time by miscellaneous writing. Eventually, he became acquainted with Sir Joshua Reynolds, to whom he showed his drawings. Following Sir Joshua's advice he devoted himself wholly to art. In 1770 he made an art-pilgrimage to Italy, where he remained till 1778, changing his name from Füssli to Fuseli, because it was more Italian-sounding.
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Ignaz Moscheles
(Isaac) Ignaz Moscheles (23 May 1794 – 10 March 1870) was a Bohemian composer and piano virtuoso, whose career after his early years was based initially in London, and later at Leipzig, where he succeeded his friend and sometime pupil Felix Mendelssohn as head of the Conservatoire.
Much of what we know about Moscheles's life is derived from the edition of his diaries prepared by his wife, Charlotte, after his death, and published in 1874. This edition also gives lively portraits of his era and of his musical contemporaries. Unfortunately however the diaries themselves have since gone missing, although they may perhaps rematerialise. Another important source is the correspondence between Moscheles and Mendelssohn, preserved at the Brotherton Collection at the University of Leeds, and published in 1888 by Ignaz's son (and Felix Mendelssohn's god-son), Felix Moscheles.
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Italian people
Italians (Italian: italiani) are an ethnic group native of Southern Europe that share a common Italian culture, ancestry and speak the Italian language as a mother tongue. Within Italy, Italians are defined by citizenship, regardless of ancestry or country of residence (though the principle of jus sanguinis is used extensively and arguably more favorably in the Italian nationality law), and are distinguished from people of Italian descent and, historically, from ethnic Italians living in the unredeemed territories adjacent to the Italian Peninsula.
In 2012, in addition to the 60 million Italians in Italy and 3,000 in San Marino, Italian-speaking, autonomous groups are found in neighboring countries: about 500,000 in Switzerland, a large, but undefined population in France (Nice, Corsica), and smaller groups in Slovenia and Croatia, primarily in Istria. If regarded as an ethnic group, they constitute one of the world's largest.
Because of wide-ranging and long-lasting diaspora, about 4 and half million Italian citizens and over 70 million people of full or part Italian ancestry live outside of Italy, most notably in South America, North America, Australia and parts of Europe.
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J. M. W. Turner
Joseph Mallord William Turner RA (23 April 1775 – 19 December 1851) was an English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker. Turner was considered a controversial figure in his day, but is now regarded as the artist who elevated landscape painting to an eminence rivaling history painting. Although renowned for his oil paintings, Turner is also one of the greatest masters of British watercolour landscape painting. He is commonly known as "the painter of light" and his work is regarded as a Romantic preface to Impressionism.
Joseph Mallord William Turner was born on or around the 23 April 1775 in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, London, England. His father, William Turner (1738–7 August 1829), was a barber and wig maker, His mother, Mary Marshall, came from a family of butchers. A younger sister, Mary Ann Turner, was born in September 1778 but died aged four in August 1783.
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Jan Václav Voříšek
Jan Václav Hugo Voříšek (Czech pronunciation: [jan ˈvaːt͡slaf ˈɦuɡo ˈvor̝iːʃɛk]; Johann Hugo Worzischek, 11 May 1791, Vamberk, Bohemia - 19 November 1825, Vienna, Austria), was a Czech composer of classical music, pianist, and organist.
Voříšek was born in the town of Vamberk where his father was the schoolmaster, choirmaster and organist. A child prodigy, he started to perform publicly in Bohemian towns at the age of nine. His father taught him music, encouraged his playing the piano, helped him get a scholarship to attend the University of Prague where he studied philosophy. He also had lessons in piano and composition from Tomášek. He found it impossible to obtain sufficient work as a musician in Prague, so in 1813 at the age of 22 Voříšek moved to Vienna to study law and, he hoped, to meet Beethoven. In Vienna he was able to greatly improve his piano technique under the guidance of Hummel, but once more failed to gain full time employment as a musician.
Although Voříšek was enthralled by the classical music of Mozart, he was more intrigued by the romanticism of Ludwig van Beethoven.
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Jean Paul
Jean Paul (21 March 1763 – 14 November 1825), born Johann Paul Friedrich Richter, was a German Romantic writer, best known for his humorous novels and stories.
Jean Paul was born at Wunsiedel, in the Fichtelgebirge mountains (Bavaria). His father was an organist at Wunsiedel. In 1765 his father became a pastor at Joditz near Hof, and in 1767 at Schwarzenbach, but he died on 25 April 1779, leaving the family in great poverty. After attending the Gymnasium at Hof, Jean Paul went in 1781 to the University of Leipzig. His original intention was to enter his father's profession, but theology did not interest him, and he soon devoted himself wholly to the study of literature. Unable to maintain himself at Leipzig he returned in 1784 to Hof, where he lived with his mother. From 1787 to 1789 he served as a tutor at Töpen, a village near Hof; and from 1790 to 1794 he taught the children of several families in a school he had founded in nearby Schwarzenbach.
Jean Paul began his career as a man of letters with Grönländische Prozesse ("Greenland Lawsuits", published anonymously in Berlin) and Auswahl aus des Teufels Papieren ("Selections from the Devil's Papers", signed J. P. F. Hasus), the former of which was issued in 1783-84, the latter in 1789. These works were not received with much favour, and in later life Richter himself had little sympathy for their satirical tone. A spiritual crisis he suffered on 15 November 1790, in which he had a vision of his own death, altered his outlook profoundly. His next book, Die unsichtbare Loge ("The Invisible Lodge"), a romance published in 1793 under the pen-name Jean Paul (in honour of Jean Jacques Rousseau), had all the qualities that were soon to make him famous, and its power was immediately recognized by some of the best critics of the day.
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Johan Christian Dahl
Johan Christian Claussen Dahl (February 24, 1788 – October 14, 1857), often known as J. C. Dahl, was a Norwegian artist who is considered the first great romantic painter in Norway, the founder of the "golden age" of Norwegian painting, and one of the great European artists of all time. He is often described as "the father of Norwegian landscape painting" and is regarded as the first Norwegian Painter ever to reach a level of artistic accomplishment comparable to that attained by the greatest European artists of his day. He was also the first acquire genuine fame and cultural renown abroad. As one critic has put it, "J.C. Dahl occupies a central position in Norwegian artistic life of the first half of the 19th century.
Although Dahl spent much of his life outside of Norway, his love for his country is clear in the motifs he chose for his paintings and in his extraordinary efforts on behalf of Norwegian culture generally. Indeed, if one sets aside his own monumental artistic creations, his other activities on behalf of art, history, and culture would still have guaranteed him a place at the very heart of the artistic and cultural history of Norway. He was, for example, a key figure in the founding of the Norwegian National Gallery and of several other major art institutions in Norway, as well as in the preservation of Norwegian stave churches and the restoration of the Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim and Håkonshallen in Bergen.
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John Clare
John Clare (13 July 1793 – 20 May 1864) was an English poet, the son of a farm labourer, who came to be known for his celebratory representations of the English countryside and his lamentation of its disruption. His poetry underwent a major re-evaluation in the late 20th century and he is often now considered to be among the most important 19th-century poets. His biographer Jonathan Bate states that Clare was "the greatest labouring-class poet that England has ever produced. No one has ever written more powerfully of nature, of a rural childhood, and of the alienated and unstable self".
Clare was born in Helpston, six miles to the north of the city of Peterborough. In his life time, the village was in the Soke of Peterborough in Northamptonshire and his memorial calls him "The Northamptonshire Peasant Poet". Helpston now lies in the Peterborough unitary authority of Cambridgeshire.
He became an agricultural labourer while still a child; however, he attended school in Glinton church until he was twelve. In his early adult years, Clare became a pot-boy in the Blue Bell public house and fell in love with Mary Joyce; but her father, a prosperous farmer, forbade her to meet him. Subsequently he was a gardener at Burghley House. He enlisted in the militia, tried camp life with Gypsies, and worked in Pickworth as a lime burner in 1817. In the following year he was obliged to accept parish relief. Malnutrition stemming from childhood may be the main culprit behind his 5-foot stature and may have contributed to his poor physical health in later life.[citation needed]
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John Constable
John Constable (11 June 1776 – 31 March 1837) was an English Romantic painter. Born in Suffolk, he is known principally for his landscape paintings of Dedham Vale, the area surrounding his home—now known as "Constable Country"—which he invested with an intensity of affection. "I should paint my own places best", he wrote to his friend John Fisher in 1821, "painting is but another word for feeling".
His most famous paintings include Dedham Vale of 1802 and The Hay Wain of 1821. Although his paintings are now among the most popular and valuable in British art, he was never financially successful and did not become a member of the establishment until he was elected to the Royal Academy at the age of 52. He sold more paintings in France than in his native England.
John Constable was born in East Bergholt, a village on the River Stour in Suffolk, to Golding and Ann (Watts) Constable. His father was a wealthy corn merchant, owner of Flatford Mill in East Bergholt and, later, Dedham Mill in Essex. Golding Constable also owned his own small ship, The Telegraph, which he moored at Mistley on the Stour estuary and used to transport corn to London. He was a cousin of the London tea merchant, Abram Newman. Although Constable was his parents' second son, his older brother was mentally handicapped and so John was expected to succeed his father in the business, and after a brief period at a boarding school in Lavenham, he was enrolled in a day school in Dedham. Constable worked in the corn business after leaving school, but his younger brother Abram eventually took over the running of the mills.
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John Keats
John Keats ( /ˈkiːts/; 31 October 1795 – 23 February 1821) was an English Romantic poet. He was one of the main figures of the second generation of romantic poets along with Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley, despite his work only having been in publication for four years before his death.
Although his poems were not generally well received by critics during his life, his reputation grew after his death, so that by the end of the 19th century he had become one of the most beloved of all English poets. He had a significant influence on a diverse range of later poets and writers. Jorge Luis Borges stated that his first encounter with Keats was the most significant literary experience of his life.
The poetry of Keats is characterized by sensual imagery, most notably in the series of odes. Today his poems and letters are some of the most popular and most analyzed in English literature.
John Keats was born on 31 October 1795 to Thomas and Frances Jennings Keats. Keats and his family seemed to have marked his birthday on 29 October, however baptism records give the birth date as the 31st. He was the eldest of four surviving children; George (1797–1841), Thomas (1799–1818) and Frances Mary "Fanny" (1803–1889). Another son was lost in infancy. John was born in central London although there is no clear evidence of the exact location. His father first worked as a hostler at the stables attached to the Swan and Hoop inn, an establishment he later managed and where the growing family lived for some years. Keats believed that he was born at the inn, a birthplace of humble origins, but there is no evidence to support this. The Keats at the Globe pub now occupies the site, a few yards from modern day Moorgate station. He was baptised at St Botolph-without-Bishopsgate and sent to a local dame school as a child.
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José de Espronceda
José Ignacio Javier Oriol Encarnación de Espronceda y Delgado (25 March 1808 — 23 May 1842) was a famous Romantic Spanish poet.
Espronceda was born in Almendralejo, at the Province of Badajoz. As a youth, he studied at the Colegio San Mateo at Madrid, having Alberto Lista as a teacher. When he was 15 years old, he formed a secret society named "Los Numantinos" alongside his friends Ventura de la Vega and Patricio de la Escosura, conspiring against Ferdinand VII and intending to avenge the death of Rafael del Riego. For this, he was imprisoned in a monastery and exiled. Afterward, he left Spain and lived in Lisbon, Belgium, France, England and Holland. On his return to Spain in 1833, he became active in the extreme left-wing of Spanish political culture. Espronceda is also known for his affair with Teresa Mancha, for whom he wrote "Canto a Teresa" (from El diablo mundo). He later went to the Malay Peninsula and helped build the Dutch colonies there. He died of diphtheria in 1842.
Having been inspired to a literary career by his teacher Alberto Lista, Espronceda began to write the historical poem El Pelayo during his stay in the monastery. The poem was never completed. Later he wrote the novel Sancho Saldaña. His other important works include El estudiante de Salamanca and El Diablo Mundo, long lyric poems, the latter remained unfinished. Also important were A Jarifa en una orgía, El verdugo, El canto del cosaco, La canción del pirata and Himno al sol. Many of his works display the tendencies of Romanticism, and along with José Zorilla he is considered Spain's most important Romantic poet, as well as the most rebellious.
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José Zorrilla
José Zorrilla y Moral (Spanish pronunciation: [xoˈse θoˈriʎa]; 21 February 1817 – 23 January 1893), was a Spanish Romantic poet and dramatist.
He was born in Valladolid to a magistrate in whom Ferdinand VII placed special confidence,. He was educated by the Jesuits at the Real Seminario de Nobles in Madrid, wrote verses when he was twelve, became an enthusiastic admirer of Walter Scott and Chateaubriand, and took part in the school performances of plays by Lope de Vega and Calderón de la Barca.
In 1833 he was sent to study law at the University of Toledo, but after a year of idleness, he fled to Madrid, where he horrified the friends of his absolutist father by making violent speeches and by founding a newspaper which was promptly suppressed by the government. He narrowly escaped transportation to the Philippines, and passed the next few years in poverty.
The death of the satirist Mariano José de Larra brought Zorrilla into notice. His elegiac poem, read at Larra's funeral in February 1837, introduced him to the leading men of letters. In 1837 he published a book of verses, mostly imitations of Alphonse de Lamartine and Victor Hugo, which was so favourably received that he printed six more volumes within three years.
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Juliusz Słowacki
Juliusz Słowacki (Polish pronunciation: [ˈjuljuʂ swɔˈvat͡ski]; 4 September 1809 – 3 April 1849) was a Polish Romantic poet. He is considered one of the "Three Bards" of Polish literature — a major figure in the Polish Romantic period, and the father of modern Polish drama. His works often feature elements of Slavic pagan traditions, Polish history, mysticism and orientalism. His style includes the employment of neologisms and irony. His primary genre was the drama, and secondly, lyric poetry. His most popular works include the dramas Kordian and Balladyna and the poem Beniowski.
Słowacki spent his youth in Stolen Lands, in Kremenets (Polish: Krzemieniec) (now Ukraine) and Vilnius (Polish: Wilno) (now Lithuania). He briefly worked for the government of the Kingdom of Poland. During the November 1830 Uprising, he was a courier for the Polish revolutionary government. When the uprising ended in defeat, he found himself abroad and thereafter, like many compatriots, lived the life of an émigré. He settled briefly in Paris, France, and later in Geneva, Switzerland. He also traveled through Italy, Greece and the Middle East. Eventually he returned to Paris, where he spent the last decade of his life. He briefly returned to Poland when another uprising broke out during the Spring of Nations (1848).
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Karel Hynek Mácha
Karel Hynek Mácha (Czech pronunciation: [ˈkarɛl ˈɦɪnɛk ˈmaːxa]) (16 November 1810 – 6 November 1836) was a Czech romantic poet.
Mácha grew up in Prague, the son of a foreman at a mill. He learned Latin and German in school. He went on to study law at Prague University; during that time he also became involved in theatre (as an actor he first appeared in Jan Nepomuk Štěpánek's drama Czech and German in July 1832 in Benešov), where he met Eleonora Šomková, with whom he had a son out of wedlock. He was fond of travel, enjoying trips into the mountains, and was an avid walker. Eventually he moved to Litoměřice, a quiet town some 60 km from Prague, to prepare for law school exams and to write poetry. Three days before he was to be married to Šomková, just a few weeks after he had begun working as a legal assistant, Mácha, in helping put out a fire, overstrained himself, and died after a short period of illness, due to pneumonia. The day after his death he was expected in Prague to marry his mistress.
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Karl Bryullov
Karl Pavlovich Bryullov (Russian: Карл Па́влович Брюлло́в12 December 1799 - 11 June 1852), also transliterated Briullov or Briuloff and referred to by his friends as "The Great Karl", was a Russian painter. He is regarded as a key figure in transition from the Russian neoclassicism to romanticism.
Karl Bryullov was born on December, 12th (23), 1799 in St.-Petersburg, in a family of the academician, the woodcarver and engraver Pavel Ivanovich Briullo (Brulleau, 1760—1833). He felt drawn to Italy from his early years. Despite his education at the Imperial Academy of Arts (1809–1821), Bryullov never fully embraced the classical style taught by his mentors and promoted by his brother, Alexander Bryullov. After distinguishing himself as a promising and imaginative student and finishing his education, he left Russia for Rome where he worked until 1835 as a portraitist and genre painter, though his fame as an artist came when he began doing historical painting.
His best-known work, The Last Day of Pompeii (1830–1833), is a vast composition compared by Pushkin and Gogol to the best works of Rubens and Van Dyck. It created a sensation in Italy and established Briullov as one of the finest European painters of his day. After completing this work, he triumphantly returned to the Russian capital, where he made many friends among the aristocracy and intellectual elite and obtained a high post in the Imperial Academy of Arts.
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Lawrence Sterne
Laurence Sterne (24 November 1713 – 18 March 1768) was an Anglo-Irish novelist and an Anglican clergyman. He is best known for his novels The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, and A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy; but he also published many sermons, wrote memoirs, and was involved in local politics. Sterne died in London after years of fighting consumption.
Laurence Sterne was born 24 November 1713 in Clonmel, County Tipperary. His father, Roger Sterne, was an Ensign in a British regiment recently returned from Dunkirk. Roger's regiment was disbanded on the day of Sterne’s birth, and within six months the family had returned to Yorkshire in northern England. In July 1715, the family moved back to Ireland, having "decamped with Bag & Baggage for Dublin", in Sterne's words.
The first decade of Sterne’s life was spent moving from place to place as his father was reassigned throughout Ireland. During this period Sterne never lived in one place for more than a year. In addition to Clonmel and Dublin, his family also lived in, among other places, Wicklow Town, Annamoe (County Wicklow), Drogheda (County Louth), Castlepollard (County Westmeath), and Carrickfergus (County Antrim). In 1724, his father took Sterne to Roger's wealthy brother, Richard, so that Sterne could attend Hipperholme Grammar School near Halifax; Sterne never saw his father again as Roger was ordered to Jamaica where he died of a fever in 1731. Sterne was admitted to a sizarship at Jesus College, Cambridge, in July 1733 at the age of 20. His great-grandfather Richard Sterne had been the Master of the college as well as the Archbishop of York. Sterne graduated with a degree of Bachelor of Arts in January 1737; and returned in the summer of 1740 to be awarded his Master of Arts degree.
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Lord Byron
George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, later George Gordon Noel, 6th Baron Byron, FRS (22 January 1788 – 19 April 1824), commonly known simply as Lord Byron, was a British poet and a leading figure in the Romantic movement. Among Byron's best-known works are the brief poems She Walks in Beauty, When We Two Parted, and So, we'll go no more a roving, in addition to the narrative poems Childe Harold's Pilgrimage and Don Juan. He is regarded as one of the greatest British poets and remains widely read and influential.
He travelled to fight against the Ottoman Empire in the Greek War of Independence, for which Greeks revere him as a national hero. He died at 36 years old from a fever contracted while in Missolonghi in Greece.
Byron was celebrated in life for aristocratic excesses including huge debts, numerous love affairs, rumours of a scandalous incestuous liaison with his half-sister, and self-imposed exile. It has been speculated that he suffered from bipolar I disorder, or manic depression.
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Lorenzo Ferrero
Lorenzo Ferrero (born 1951) is a contemporary Italian composer with a predilection for opera, a librettist, author, and book editor. He started composing at an early age and wrote over a hundred compositions thus far, including twelve operas, three ballets, and numerous orchestral, chamber music, solo instrumental, and vocal works. His musical idiom is characterized by eclecticism, stylistic versatility, and a neo-tonal language.
Born in Turin, he was initially self-taught, then studied composition from 1969 to 1973 with Massimo Bruni and Enore Zaffiri at Turin Music Conservatory, and philosophy with Gianni Vattimo and Massimo Mila at the University of Turin, earning a degree in aesthetics with a thesis on John Cage in 1974.
His early interest in the psychology of perception and psychoacoustics led him to IMEB, the International Electroacoustic Music Institute of Bourges, France where he did research on electronic music between 1972 and 1973, IRCAM in Paris, and to the Musik/Dia/Licht/Film Galerie in Munich, Germany in 1974.
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Louis Niedermeyer
Abraham Louis Niedermeyer (27 April 1802 – 14 March 1861) was a composer chiefly of church music but also of a few operas, and a teacher who took over the Ecole Choron, duly renamed École Niedermeyer, a school for the study and practice of church music, where several eminent French musicians studied including Gabriel Fauré and André Messager.
Born in Nyon, Switzerland, Niedermeyer studied piano in Vienna with Ignaz Moscheles and composition with Emanuel Aloys Förster. He studied further in Rome with Vincenzo Fioravanti (1819) and in Naples with Niccolò Antonio Zingarelli. While in Rome, he had the luck to meet Gioachino Rossini, who befriended him and urged the production of some of Niedermeyer's operas. His first opera, Il reo per amore, was put on in Naples in 1820 with some success.
Like Rossini, Niedermeyer settled in Paris (at the age of 21, in 1823); and there, in later years, four more of his operas were staged, though with little success:
Niedermeyer also collaborated with his friend Rossini on the assembly of Robert Bruce, Rossini's third and last pastiche; Niedermeyer provided the all-important French texts with their characteristic tone color and harmonies.
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Louise Bertin
Louise-Angélique Bertin (Les Roches, Essonne, 15 January 1805 – Paris, 26 April 1877) was a French composer and poet.
Louise Bertin lived her entire life in France. Her father, Louis-François Bertin, and also her brother later on, were the editors of Journal des débats, an influential newspaper. As encouraged by her family, Bertin pursued music. She received lessons from François-Joseph Fétis, who directed a private family performance of Guy Mannering, the first opera that Bertin ever composed, in 1825. This opera, never formally produced, took its story line from the book of the same name, written by Sir Walter Scott. Two years later, Bertin's second opera, Le Loup-garou, was produced at the Opéra-Comique.
At the age of 21, Bertin began working on an opera semiseria, based on Goethe's Faust. A performance of the completed opera was scheduled for 1830. However, due to many unforeseen complications, Fausto did not actually reach the stage until a full year later. It was not well received and only saw three performances.
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Lucy Riall
Lucy Riall is Professor of History at Birkbeck, University of London.
Riall studied at the London School of Economics and the University of Cambridge. She was a lecturer in Modern European history at the University of Essex before moving to Birkbeck. Since 2004 she has been editor of the journal European History Quarterly.
Among her many prestigious awards are a Visiting Professorship at the Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris and a Senior Fellowship at the University of Freiburg's Institute of Advanced Study.
One of the leading experts on modern Italy, Riall has written on nineteenth-century state-formation and nationalism in Italy and Sicily. Several of her books treat the history of the Risorgimento; Garibaldi: Invention of a Hero (2007) examined the popular cult of Giuseppe Garibaldi as a global cultural phenomenon.
Riall speaks fluent Italian and she appears frequently on Italian TV and radio (RAI) as well as on the BBC.
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Ludwig Uhland
Johann Ludwig Uhland (26 April 1787 – 13 November 1862), was a German poet, philologist and literary historian.
He was born in Tübingen, then Duchy of Württemberg, and studied jurisprudence at the university there, but also took an interest in medieval literature, especially old German and French poetry. Having graduated as a doctor of laws in 1810, he went to Paris for eight months to continue his studies of poetry; and from 1812 to 1814 he worked as a lawyer in Stuttgart, in the bureau of the minister of justice.
He had begun his career as a poet in 1807 and 1808 by contributing ballads and lyrics to Seckendorff's Musenalmanach; and in 1812 and 1813 he wrote poems for Kerner's Poetischer Almanach and Deutscher Dichterwald. In 1815 he collected his poems in a volume entitled Vaterländische Gedichte, which almost immediately secured a wide circle of readers. To almost every new edition he added some fresh poems. His two dramatic works Ernst, Herzog von Schwaben (1818) and Ludwig der Baier (1819) are unimportant in comparison with his Gedichte.
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Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven (i/ˈlʊdvɪɡ væn ˈbeɪt.hoʊvən/; German pronunciation: [ˈluːtvɪç fan ˈbeːt.hoːfən] ( listen); baptized 17 December 1770 – 26 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential of all composers.
Born in Bonn, then the capital of the Electorate of Cologne and part of the Holy Roman Empire, Beethoven moved to Vienna in his early 20s, studying with Joseph Haydn and quickly gaining a reputation as a virtuoso pianist. His hearing began to deteriorate in his late twenties, yet he continued to compose, conduct, and perform, even after becoming completely deaf.
Beethoven was the grandson of a musician of Flemish origin named Lodewijk van Beethoven (1712–73) who moved at the age of twenty to Bonn. Lodewijk (Ludwig is the German cognate of Dutch Lodewijk) was employed as a bass singer at the court of the Elector of Cologne, eventually rising to become Kapellmeister (music director). Lodewijk had one son, Johann (1740–1792), who worked as a tenor in the same musical establishment, and gave lessons on piano and violin to supplement his income. Johann married Maria Magdalena Keverich in 1767; she was the daughter of Johann Heinrich Keverich, who had been the head chef at the court of the Archbishopric of Trier.
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Michelangelo
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564), commonly known as Michelangelo (Italian pronunciation: [mikeˈlandʒelo]), was an Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art. Despite making few forays beyond the arts, his versatility in the disciplines he took up was of such a high order that he is often considered a contender for the title of the archetypal Renaissance man, along with fellow Italian Leonardo da Vinci.
Michelangelo was considered the greatest living artist in his lifetime, and ever since then he has been held to be one of the greatest artists of all time. A number of his works in painting, sculpture, and architecture rank among the most famous in existence. His output in every field during his long life was prodigious; when the sheer volume of correspondence, sketches, and reminiscences that survive is also taken into account, he is the best-documented artist of the 16th century. Two of his best-known works, the Pietà and David, were sculpted before he turned thirty. Despite his low opinion of painting, Michelangelo also created two of the most influential works in fresco in the history of Western art: the scenes from Genesis on the ceiling and The Last Judgment on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel in Rome. As an architect, Michelangelo pioneered the Mannerist style at the Laurentian Library. At 74 he succeeded Antonio da Sangallo the Younger as the architect of St. Peter's Basilica. Michelangelo transformed the plan, the western end being finished to Michelangelo's design, the dome being completed after his death with some modification.
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Mikhail Glinka
Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka (Russian: Михаи́л Ива́нович Гли́нка) (June 1 [O.S. May 20] 1804 – February 15 [O.S. February 3] 1857), was the first Russian composer to gain wide recognition within his own country, and is often regarded as the father of Russian classical music. Glinka's compositions were an important influence on future Russian composers, notably the members of The Five, who took Glinka's lead and produced a distinctive Russian style of music.
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Mikhail Lermontov
Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov (Russian: Михаи́л Ю́рьевич Ле́рмонтов; IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil ˈjurʲjɪvʲɪtɕ ˈlʲɛrməntəf]; October 15 [O.S. October 3] 1814 – July 27 [O.S. July 15] 1841), a Russian Romantic writer, poet and painter, sometimes called "the poet of the Caucasus", became the most important Russian poet after Alexander Pushkin's death in 1837. Lermontov is considered the supreme poet of Russian literature alongside Pushkin and the greatest figure in Russian Romanticism. His influence on later Russian literature is still felt in modern times, not only through his poetry, but also through his prose, which founded the tradition of the Russian psychological novel.
Lermontov was born in Moscow into a respectable noble family of the Tula Oblast, and grew up on the Tarkhany estate in the village of Tarkhany (now Lermontovo) in Penza Oblast. According to legend, his paternal family is descended from the Scottish Earls of Learmont, one of whom settled in Russia in the early 17th century, during the reign of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. The legendary Scottish poet Thomas the Rhymer (Thomas Learmonth) is thus claimed as a relative of Lermontov. The only ascertainable genealogical information states that the poet was descended from Yuri (George) Learmont, a Scottish officer in the Polish service who settled in Russia in the middle of 17th century
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Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte (French: Napoléon Bonaparte [napoleɔ̃ bɔnɑpaʁt]) (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the latter stages of the French Revolution. As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1815. His legal reform, the Napoleonic Code, has been a major influence on many civil law jurisdictions worldwide, but he is best remembered for his role in the wars led against France by a series of coalitions, the so-called Napoleonic Wars. He established hegemony over most of continental Europe and sought to spread the ideals of the French Revolution, while consolidating an imperial monarchy which restored aspects of the deposed Ancien Régime. Due to his success in these wars, often against numerically superior enemies, he is generally regarded as one of the greatest military commanders of all time and his campaigns are studied at military academies throughout much of the world.
Napoleon was born in Corsica to parents of noble Genoese ancestry, and trained as an artillery officer in mainland France. He rose to prominence under the French First Republic and led successful campaigns against the First and Second Coalitions arrayed against France. In 1799, he staged a coup d'état and installed himself as First Consul; five years later the French Senate proclaimed him emperor. In the first decade of the 19th century, the French Empire under Napoleon engaged in a series of conflicts—the Napoleonic Wars—involving every major European power.
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Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon Bonaparte (French: Napoléon Bonaparte [napoleɔ̃ bɔnɑpaʁt]) (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the latter stages of the French Revolution. As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1815. His legal reform, the Napoleonic Code, has been a major influence on many civil law jurisdictions worldwide, but he is best remembered for his role in the wars led against France by a series of coalitions, the so-called Napoleonic Wars. He established hegemony over most of continental Europe and sought to spread the ideals of the French Revolution, while consolidating an imperial monarchy which restored aspects of the deposed Ancien Régime. Due to his success in these wars, often against numerically superior enemies, he is generally regarded as one of the greatest military commanders of all time and his campaigns are studied at military academies throughout much of the world.
Napoleon was born in Corsica to parents of noble Genoese ancestry, and trained as an artillery officer in mainland France. He rose to prominence under the French First Republic and led successful campaigns against the First and Second Coalitions arrayed against France. In 1799, he staged a coup d'état and installed himself as First Consul; five years later the French Senate proclaimed him emperor. In the first decade of the 19th century, the French Empire under Napoleon engaged in a series of conflicts—the Napoleonic Wars—involving every major European power.
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Nathaniel Hawthorne
Nathaniel Hawthorne (born Nathaniel Hathorne; July 4, 1804 – May 19, 1864) was an American novelist and short story writer.
Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in 1804 in the city of Salem, Massachusetts to Nathaniel Hathorne and the former Elizabeth Clarke Manning. His ancestors include John Hathorne, the only judge involved in the Salem witch trials who never repented of his actions. Nathaniel later added a "w" to make his name "Hawthorne" in order to hide this relation. He entered Bowdoin College in 1821, was elected to Phi Beta Kappa in 1824, and graduated in 1825. Hawthorne anonymously published his first work, a novel titled Fanshawe, in 1828. He published several short stories in various periodicals which he collected in 1837 as Twice-Told Tales. The next year, he became engaged to Sophia Peabody. He worked at a Custom House and joined Brook Farm, a transcendentalist community, before marrying Peabody in 1842. The couple moved to The Old Manse in Concord, Massachusetts, later moving to Salem, the Berkshires, then to The Wayside in Concord. The Scarlet Letter was published in 1850, followed by a succession of other novels. A political appointment took Hawthorne and family to Europe before their return to The Wayside in 1860. Hawthorne died on May 19, 1864, and was survived by his wife and their three children.
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Niccolò Machiavelli
Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (Italian pronunciation: [nikkoˌlɔ makjaˈvɛlli], 3 May 1469 – 21 June 1527) was an Italian historian, diplomat, philosopher, humanist and writer based in Florence during the Renaissance. A founder of modern political science, he was a diplomat, political philosopher, playwright, and a civil servant of the Florentine Republic. He also wrote comedies, carnival songs, and poetry. His personal correspondence is renowned in the Italian language. He was Secretary to the Second Chancery of the Republic of Florence from 1498 to 1512, when the Medici were out of power. He wrote his masterpiece, The Prince after the Medici had recovered power and he no longer held a position of responsibility in Florence, and is respectively interpreted by many as a satire of these powers.
Machiavelli was born in Florence, Italy, the first son and third child of attorney, Bernardo di Niccolò Machiavelli, and his wife, Bartolomea di Stefano Nelli. The Machiavelli family are believed to be descended from the old marquesses of Tuscany and to have produced thirteen Florentine Gonfalonieres of Justice, one of the offices of a group of nine citizens selected by drawing lots every two months, who formed the government, or Signoria. Machiavelli, like many people of Florence, was however not a full citizen of Florence, due to the nature of Florentine citizenship in that time, even under the republican regime.
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Niccolò Paganini
Niccolò (or Nicolò) Paganini (27 October 1782 – 27 May 1840) was an Italian violinist, violist, guitarist, and composer. He was one of the most celebrated violin virtuosi of his time, and left his mark as one of the pillars of modern violin technique. His Caprice No. 24 in A minor, Op. 1, is among the best known of his compositions, and has served as an inspiration for many prominent composers.
Niccolò Paganini was born in Genoa, Italy, the third of the six children of Antonio and Teresa (née Bocciardo) Paganini. Paganini's father was an unsuccessful trader, but he managed to supplement his income through playing music on the mandolin. At the age of five, Paganini started learning the mandolin from his father, and moved to the violin by the age of seven. His musical talents were quickly recognized, earning him numerous scholarships for violin lessons. The young Paganini studied under various local violinists, including Giovanni Servetto and Giacomo Costa, but his progress quickly outpaced their abilities. Paganini and his father then traveled to Parma to seek further guidance from Alessandro Rolla. But upon listening to Paganini's playing, Rolla immediately referred him to his own teacher, Ferdinando Paer and, later, Paer's own teacher, Gasparo Ghiretti. Though Paganini did not stay long with Paer or Ghiretti, the two had considerable influence on his composition style.
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Nikolay Karamzin
Nikolay Mikhailovich Karamzin (Russian: Никола́й Миха́йлович Карамзи́н) (12 December [O.S. 1 December] 1766 – 3 June [O.S. 22 May] 1826) was a Russian writer, poet, historian, and critic. He is best remembered for his History of the Russian State, a 12-volume national history.
Karamzin was born in the village of Mikhailovka, in the government of Orenburg on 1 December (old style) 1766. His father was an officer in the Russian army. He was sent to Moscow to study under Swiss-German teacher Johann Matthias Schaden; he later moved to St Petersburg, where he made the acquaintance of Ivan Dmitriev, a Russian poet of some merit, and occupied himself with translating essays by foreign writers into his native language. After residing for some time in St Petersburg he went to Simbirsk, where he lived in retirement until induced to revisit Moscow. There, finding himself in the midst of the society of learned men, he again took to literary work.
In 1789 he resolved to travel, and visited Germany, France, Switzerland and England. On his return he published his Letters of a Russian Traveller, which met with great success. These letters, modelled after Irish-born Poet, Laurence Sterne´s Sentimental Journey, were first printed in the Moscow Journal, which he edited, but were later collected and issued in six volumes (1797–1801).
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Novalis
Novalis (German pronunciation: [noˈvaːlɪs]) was the pseudonym of Georg Philipp Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenberg (May 2, 1772 – March 25, 1801), an author and philosopher of early German Romanticism.
Georg Philipp Friedrich von Hardenberg was born in 1772 at Oberwiederstedt manor (now part of Arnstein, Saxony-Anhalt), in the Harz mountains. The family seat was a manorial estate, not simply a stately home. Novalis descended from ancient, Low German nobility. Different lines of the family include such important, influential magistrates and ministry officials as the Prussian chancellor Karl August von Hardenberg (1750–1822). An oil painting and a christening cap commonly assigned to Novalis are his only possessions now extant. In the church in Wiederstedt, he was christened Georg Philipp Friedrich. He spent his childhood on the family estate and used it as the starting point for his travels into the Harz mountains.
Novalis’s father, the estate owner and salt-mine manager Heinrich Ulrich Erasmus Freiherr von Hardenberg (1738–1814), was a strictly pietistic man who had become a member of the Moravian (Herrnhuter) Church. His second marriage was to Auguste Bernhardine von Hardenberg, née Bölzig (1749–1818), who gave birth to eleven children: their second child was Georg Philipp Friedrich, who later named himself Novalis.
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Petrarch
Francesco Petrarca (July 20, 1304 – July 19, 1374), known in English as Petrarch, was an Italian scholar, poet and one of the earliest humanists. Petrarch is often called the "Father of Humanism". In the 16th century, Pietro Bembo created the model for the modern Italian language based on Petrarch's works, as well as those of Giovanni Boccaccio and, especially, Dante Alighieri. This would be later endorsed by the Accademia della Crusca. Petrarch's sonnets were admired and imitated throughout Europe during the Renaissance and became a model for lyrical poetry. He is also known for being the first to develop the concept of the "Dark Ages".
Petrarch was born July 20, 1304 at Vicolo dell'Orto 28 according to tradition in the city of Arezzo, just at dawn on a Monday. He was the son of Ser Petracco. His given name was Francesco Petracco. The name was Latinized to Petrarca and later was Anglicized to Petrarch. Petrarch's younger brother was born in Incisa in Val d'Arno in 1307. Dante was a friend of his father.
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Philipp Otto Runge
Philipp Otto Runge (23 July 1777 – 2 December 1810) was a Romantic German painter and draughtsman. He made a late start to his career and died young, nonetheless he is considered among the best German Romantic painters.
Runge was born as the 9th of 11 children of a family of shipbuilders in Wolgast, in Western Pomerania, then under Swedish rule. As a sickly child he often missed school and at an early age learned the art of scissor-cut silhouettes from his mother, practised by him throughout his life. In 1795 he began a commercial apprenticeship at his older brother Daniel's firm in Hamburg. In 1799 Daniel supported Runge financially to begin study of painting under Jens Juel at the Copenhagen Academy. In 1801 he moved to Dresden to continue his studies, where he met Caspar David Friedrich, Ludwig Tieck, and his future wife Pauline Bassenge. He also began extensive study of the writings of the 17th century mystic Jakob Boehme. In 1803, on a visit to Weimar, Runge unexpectedly met Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and the two formed a friendship based on their common interests in color and art.
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Piotr Michałowski
Piotr Michałowski (July 2, 1800 – June 9, 1855) was a Polish painter of the Romantic period, especially known for his many portraits.
His talent was long underestimated, but he was re-discovered by Pablo Picasso in 1948. When the painter visited Poland, he saw Michałowski's work in the Warsaw National Museum and shouted, "Here, painter!"
The Sukiennice Museum, a division of the National Museum in Kraków, contains a room devoted to Michałowski's work.
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Plutarch
Plutarch (English pronunciation: /'pluːtɑːk/; Greek: Πλούταρχος, Ploútarkhos, Koine Greek: [plŭːtarkʰos]) then named, on his becoming a Roman citizen, Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus (Μέστριος Πλούταρχος),c. 46 – 120 AD, was a Greek historian, biographer, essayist, and Middle Platonist known primarily for his Parallel Lives and Moralia. He was born to a prominent family in Chaeronea, Boeotia, a town about twenty miles east of Delphi.
Plutarch was born in 46 AD in the small town of Chaeronea, in the Greek region known as Boeotia. His family was wealthy. The name of Plutarch's father has not been preserved, but it was probably Nikarchus (Greek: Nίκαρχoς), from the common habit of Greek families to repeat a name in alternate generations. The name of Plutarch's grandfather was Lamprias, as he attested in Moralia and in his Life of Antony.
His brothers, Timon and Lamprias, are frequently mentioned in his essays and dialogues, where Timon is spoken of in the most affectionate terms. Rualdus, in his 1624 work Life of Plutarchus, recovered the name of Plutarch's wife, Timoxena, from internal evidence afforded by his writings. A letter is still extant, addressed by Plutarch to his wife, bidding her not give way to excessive grief at the death of their two year old daughter, who was named Timoxena after her mother. Interestingly, he hinted at a belief in reincarnation in that letter of consolation.
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Ralph Waldo Emerson
Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882) was an American essayist, lecturer, and poet, who led the Transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century. He was seen as a champion of individualism and a prescient critic of the countervailing pressures of society, and he disseminated his thoughts through dozens of published essays and more than 1,500 public lectures across the United States.
Emerson gradually moved away from the religious and social beliefs of his contemporaries, formulating and expressing the philosophy of Transcendentalism in his 1836 essay, Nature. Following this ground-breaking work, he gave a speech entitled The American Scholar in 1837, which Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. considered to be America's "Intellectual Declaration of Independence".
Emerson wrote most of his important essays as lectures first, then revised them for print. His first two collections of essays – Essays: First Series and Essays: Second Series, published respectively in 1841 and 1844 – represent the core of his thinking, and include such well-known essays as Self-Reliance, The Over-Soul, Circles, The Poet and Experience. Together with Nature, these essays made the decade from the mid-1830s to the mid-1840s Emerson's most fertile period.
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Richard Wagner
Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( /ˈvɑːɡnər/; German pronunciation: [ˈʁiçaʁt ˈvaːɡnɐ]; 22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) was a German composer, conductor, theatre director and polemicist primarily known for his operas (or "music dramas", as he later called them). Wagner's compositions, particularly those of his later period, are notable for their complex texture, rich harmonies and orchestration, and the elaborate use of leitmotifs: musical themes associated with individual characters, places, ideas or plot elements. Unlike most other opera composers, Wagner wrote both the music and libretto for every one of his stage works. Perhaps the two best-known extracts from his works are the Ride of the Valkyries from the opera Die Walküre, and the Wedding March (Bridal Chorus) from the opera Lohengrin.
Initially establishing his reputation as a composer of works such as The Flying Dutchman and Tannhäuser which were broadly in the romantic vein of Weber and Meyerbeer, Wagner transformed operatic thought through his concept of the Gesamtkunstwerk ("total work of art"). This would achieve the synthesis of all the poetic, visual, musical and dramatic arts and was announced in a series of essays between 1849 and 1852. Wagner realized this concept most fully in the first half of the monumental four-opera cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen. However, his thoughts on the relative importance of music and drama were to change again, and he reintroduced some traditional operatic forms into his last few stage works, including Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg.
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Robert Schumann
Robert Schumann, sometimes known as Robert Alexander Schumann, (8 June 1810 – 29 July 1856) was a German composer, aesthete and influential music critic. He is regarded as one of the greatest and most representative composers of the Romantic era. Schumann left the study of law to return to music, intending to pursue a career as a virtuoso pianist. He had been assured by his teacher Friedrich Wieck that he could become the finest pianist in Europe, but a hand injury ended this dream. Schumann then focused his musical energies on composing.
Schumann's published compositions were written exclusively for the piano until 1840; he later composed works for piano and orchestra; many Lieder (songs for voice and piano); four symphonies; an opera; and other orchestral, choral, and chamber works. Works such as Kinderszenen, Album für die Jugend, Blumenstück and Albumblätter are among his most famous. His writings about music appeared mostly in the Neue Zeitschrift für Musik (New Journal for Music), a Leipzig-based publication which he jointly founded.
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Samuel Palmer
Samuel Palmer (27 January 1805 – 24 May 1881) was a British landscape painter, etcher and printmaker. He was also a prolific writer. Palmer was a key figure in Romanticism in Britain and produced visionary pastoral paintings.
Palmer, who was born in Newington, London in Surrey Square off the Old Kent Road, was the son of a bookseller and sometime Baptist minister, and was raised by a pious nurse. Palmer painted churches from around age twelve, and first exhibited Turner-inspired works at the Royal Academy at the age of fourteen. He had little formal training, and did not have a formal schooling, although he was educated briefly at Merchant Taylors' School.
Through John Linnell, he met William Blake in 1824. Blake's influence can be seen in the works he produced over the next ten years or so, which are generally reckoned to be his greatest. These works were of landscapes around Shoreham, near Sevenoaks in the west of the county of Kent. He purchased a run-down cottage, nicknamed "Rat Abbey", and it was there that he lived from 1826 to 1835, depicting the area as a demi-paradise, mysterious and visionary, and often shown in sepia shades under moon and star light. There Palmer also associated with the group of Blake-influenced artists known as The Ancients (including George Richmond and Edward Calvert). They were among the few who ever saw the Shoreham paintings since, as a result of attacks by critics in 1825, he only ever opened those early portfolios to selected friends.
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Sigismond Thalberg
Sigismond Thalberg (January 8, 1812 – April 27, 1871) was a composer and one of the most distinguished virtuoso pianists of the 19th century.
Sigismond Thalberg was born in Pâquis near Geneva, Switzerland, on January 8, 1812. According to his birth certificate, he was the son of "Joseph Thalberg" and "Fortunée Stein", both from Frankfurt-am-Main, but the names in the birth certificate are now regarded as fictitious. For reasons of Thalberg's illegitimate birth, during his lifetime it was common use not to call his parents true names. François-Joseph Fétis, in the article "Thalberg" in his Biographie universelle des musiciens (1863), therefore wrote that Thalberg was son of a Prince „M.. D..“ and a Baroness „W...“.
The identity of Thalberg's mother as Baroness Maria Julia Wetzler von Plankenstern was disclosed 1871 by L. R. von Kohlenegg (Poly Henrion) in an article for the paper Ueber Land und Meer and 1882 by Constant von Wurzbach in the eighth volume of his Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Österreich. As excuse for their being indiscreet both authors wrote that the Baroness herself had always admitted that Sigismond Thalberg was her son. She wore a ring on one of her thumbs and told people who had asked her about it, that the ring had been given to her by Thalberg's father after she had given birth to the child. She was born Julia Bydeskuty von Ipp, from a Hungarian family of a lower rank of the nobility. In 1820 she married Baron Alexander Ludwig Wetzler von Plankenstern.
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Stendhal
Marie-Henri Beyle (23 January 1783 – 23 March 1842), better known by his pen name Stendhal, was a 19th-century French writer. Known for his acute analysis of his characters' psychology, he is considered one of the earliest and foremost practitioners of realism in his two novels Le Rouge et le Noir (The Red and the Black, 1830) and La Chartreuse de Parme (The Charterhouse of Parma, 1839).
Born in Grenoble, Isère, he had an unhappy childhood in what he found to be stifling provincial France, disliking his "unimaginative" father and mourning his mother, who had died when he was young. His closest friend was his younger sister, Pauline, with whom he maintained a steady correspondence throughout the first decade of the 19th century.
The military and theatrical worlds of the First French Empire were a revelation to Beyle. He was named an auditor with the Conseil d'État on 3 August 1810, and thereafter took part in the French administration and in the Napoleonic wars in Italy. He travelled extensively in Germany and was part of Napoleon's army in the 1812 invasion of Russia.
wn.com/Stendhal -
Taras Shevchenko
Taras Hryhorovych Shevchenko (Ukrainian: Тара́с Григо́рович Шевче́нко, Russian: Тара́с Григо́рьевич Шевче́нко, Taras Grigoryevich Shevchenko), ( March 9 [O.S. February 25] 1814 – March 10 [O.S. February 26] 1861) was a Ukrainian poet, artist and humanist. His literary heritage is regarded to be the foundation of modern Ukrainian literature and, to a large extent, the modern Ukrainian language. Shevchenko also wrote in Russian and left many masterpieces as a painter and an illustrator.
Born into a serf family of Hryhoriy Ivanovych Shevchenko (1782? - 1825) and Kateryna Yakymivna Shevchenko (Boiko) (1782? - August 6, 1823) in the village of Moryntsi, of Kiev Governorate of the Russian Empire (now in Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine) Shevchenko was orphaned at the age of eleven. He was taught to read by a village precentor, and loved to draw at every opportunity. Shevchenko went as a household servant with his Russian aristocrat lord Pavel Engelhardt to Vilnius (1828–31) and then to Saint Petersburg.
wn.com/Taras_Shevchenko -
Théodore Géricault
Jean-Louis André Théodore Géricault (26 September 1791 – 26 January 1824) was a profoundly influential French artist, painter and lithographer, known for The Raft of the Medusa and other paintings. Although he died young, he became one of the pioneers of the Romantic movement.
Born in Rouen, France, Géricault was educated in the tradition of English sporting art by Carle Vernet and classical figure composition by Pierre-Narcisse Guérin, a rigorous classicist who disapproved of his student's impulsive temperament yet recognized his talent. Géricault soon left the classroom, choosing to study at the Louvre instead, where (from 1810 to 1815) he copied from paintings by Peter Paul Rubens, Titian, Diego Velázquez, and Rembrandt. During this period at the Louvre he discovered a vitality he found lacking in the prevailing school of Neoclassicism. Much of his time was spent in Versailles, where he found the stables of the palace open to him, and where he gained his knowledge of the anatomy and action of horses.
wn.com/Théodore_Géricault -
Théophile Gautier
Pierre Jules Théophile Gautier (pronounced: [pjɛʁ ʒyl teofil ɡotje]; August 30, 1811 – October 23, 1872) was a French poet, dramatist, novelist, journalist, art critic and literary critic.
While Gautier was an ardent defender of Romanticism, his work is difficult to classify and remains a point of reference for many subsequent literary traditions such as Parnassianism, Symbolism, Decadence and Modernism. He was widely esteemed by writers as diverse as Balzac, Baudelaire, the Goncourt brothers, Flaubert, Proust and Oscar Wilde.
Gautier was born on August 30, 1811, in Tarbes, capital of Hautes-Pyrénées département in southwestern France. His father, Pierre Gautier, was a fairly cultured minor government official and his mother was Antoinette-Adelaïde Concarde. The family moved to Paris in 1814, taking up residence in the ancient Marais district.
Gautier's education commenced at the prestigious Collège Louis-le-Grand in Paris (fellow alumni include Voltaire and Charles Baudelaire), which he attended for three months before being brought home due to illness. Although he completed the remainder of his education at Collège Charlemagne (alumni include Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve), Gautier's most significant instruction came from his father, who prompted him to become a Latin scholar by age 18.
wn.com/Théophile_Gautier -
Ugo Foscolo
Ugo Foscolo (Italian pronunciation: [ˈuɡo ˈfoskolo]; 6 February 1778 – 10 September 1827), born Niccolò Foscolo, was an Italian writer, revolutionary and poet.
Foscolo was born on the Ionian island of Zakynthos. His father was Andrea Foscolo, an impoverished Venetian nobleman, and his mother Diamantina Spathis was Greek.
In 1788, on the death of his father, who worked as a physician in Spalato, today Croatia (Split), the family removed to Venice, and at the University of Padua Foscolo completed the studies begun at the Dalmatian grammar school.
Amongst his Paduan teachers was the abbé Cesarotti, whose version of Ossian had made that work highly popular in Italy, and who influenced Foscolo's literary tastes; he knew both modern and Ancient Greek. His literary ambition revealed itself by the appearance in 1797 of his tragedy Tieste--a production which obtained a certain degree of success.
Foscolo, who, for causes not clearly explained, had changed his Christian name Niccolò to that of Ugo, now began to take an active part in the stormy political discussions which the fall of the republic of Venice had provoked. He was a prominent member of the national committees, and addressed an ode to Napoleon Bonaparte, expecting Napoleon to overthrow the Venetian oligarchy and create a free republic.
wn.com/Ugo_Foscolo -
Vasily Zhukovsky
Vasily Andreyevich Zhukovsky (Russian: Васи́лий Андре́евич Жуко́вский; IPA: [vɐˈsʲilʲɪj ɐˈndrʲejɪvʲɪtɕ ʐʊˈkofskʲɪj]; February 9 [O.S. January 29] 1783 – April 24 [O.S. April 12] 1852) was the foremost Russian poet of the 1810s and a leading figure in Russian literature in the first half of the 19th century. He held a high position at the Romanov court as tutor to the Grand Duchess Alexandra Feodorovna and later to her son, the future Tsar-Liberator Alexander II.
Zhukovsky is credited with introducing the Romantic Movement into Russia. The main body of his literary output consists of free translations covering an impressively wide range of poets, from ancients like Ferdowsi and Homer to his contemporaries Goethe, Schiller, Byron, and others. Many of his translations have become classics of Russian literature, arguably better-written and more enduring in Russian than in their original languages.
Zhukovsky was born in the village of Mishenskoe, in Tula Oblast, Russia, the illegitimate son of a landowner named Afanasi Bunin and his Turkish housekeeper Salkha. The Bunin family had a literary bent and some 90 years later produced the Nobel Prize-winning modernist writer Ivan Bunin. For reasons of social propriety, Zhukovsky was formally adopted by a family friend. He kept his adopted surname and patronymic for the rest of his life, even when later ennobled, eventually passing it on to his own children.
wn.com/Vasily_Zhukovsky -
Victor Hugo
Victor-Marie Hugo (French pronunciation: [viktɔʁ maʁi yɡo]) (26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was a French poet, playwright, novelist, essayist, visual artist, statesman, human rights activist[citation needed] and exponent of the Romantic movement in France.
In France, Hugo's literary fame comes first from his poetry but also rests upon his novels and his dramatic achievements. Among many volumes of poetry, Les Contemplations and La Légende des siècles stand particularly high in critical esteem, and Hugo is sometimes identified as the greatest French poet. Outside France, his best-known works are the novels Les Misérables and Notre-Dame de Paris (also known in English as The Hunchback of Notre-Dame).
Though a committed royalist when he was young, Hugo's views changed as the decades passed; he became a passionate supporter of republicanism[citation needed], and his work touches upon most of the political and social issues and artistic trends of his time. He is buried in the Panthéon.
Hugo was the third, illegitimate, son of Joseph Léopold Sigisbert Hugo (1774–1828) and Sophie Trébuchet (1772–1821); his brothers were Abel Joseph Hugo (1798–1855) and Eugène Hugo (1800–1837). He was born in 1802 in Besançon (in the region of Franche-Comté) and lived in France for the majority of his life. However, he decided to live in exile as a result of Napoleon III's Coup d'état at the end of 1851.
wn.com/Victor_Hugo -
Vincenzo Bellini
Vincenzo Salvatore Carmelo Francesco Bellini (3 November 1801 – 23 September 1835) was a Italian opera composer. A native of Catania in Sicily, his greatest works are I Capuleti ed i Montecchi (1830), La sonnambula (1831), Norma (1831), Beatrice di Tenda (1833), and I puritani (1835). Known for his long-flowing melodic lines, for which he was named "the Swan of Catania", Bellini was the quintessential composer of bel canto opera. He died in Puteaux, France at the age of 33, nine months after the premiere of his last opera, I puritani.
Born in Catania, Sicily, Bellini was a child prodigy from a highly musical family and legend has it he could sing an aria of Valentino Fioravanti at eighteen months. He began studying music theory at two, the piano at three, and by the age of five could apparently play well. Bellini's first five pieces were composed when he was just six years old. Regardless of the veracity of these claims, it is certain that Bellini grew up in a musical household and that a career as a musician was never in doubt.
wn.com/Vincenzo_Bellini -
Vincenzo Monti
Vincenzo Monti (February 19, 1754 – October 13, 1828) was an Italian poet, playwright, translator, and scholar.
Monti was born in Alfonsine, Province of Ravenna, Emilia-Romagna the son of Fedele and Domenica Maria Mazzari, landowners. He was educated at the seminar in Faenza and at the University of Ferrara, where he studied medicine and jurisprudence.
In 1775 he is admitted to membership in the Arcadia Academy and the next year his first book is published: "La visione di Ezechiello" ("Ezechiello's vision").
In 1778 Monti moves to Rome, invited there by cardinal and papal legate in Ferrara, Scipione Borghese. He marries Teresa Pikler who bears him a daughter, Costanza, and a son, Francesco (the latter dies at only two years old).
In 1797 he leaves Rome and, after visiting Bologna and Venice, finally settles in Milan, forsaking his former opposition to the French Revolution (expressed in the "Bassvilliana") and becoming a supporter of the newborn Cisalpine Republic.
In 1799, he is forced to leave the city when the French are defeated, but it takes him only two years to come back, following the Battle of Marengo (1800).
wn.com/Vincenzo_Monti -
Walter Scott
Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet (15 August 1771 – 21 September 1832) was a Scottish historical novelist, playwright, and poet, popular throughout much of the world during his time.
Scott was the first English-language author to have a truly international career in his lifetime, with many contemporary readers in Europe, Australia, and North America. His novels and poetry are still read, and many of his works remain classics of both English-language literature and of Scottish literature. Famous titles include Ivanhoe, Rob Roy, The Lady of the Lake, Waverley, The Heart of Midlothian and The Bride of Lammermoor.
Born in College Wynd in the Old Town of Edinburgh in 1771, the son of a solicitor, Scott survived a childhood bout of polio in 1773 that left him lame. To cure his lameness he was sent in 1773 to live in the rural Borders region at his paternal grandparents' farm at Sandyknowe, adjacent to the ruin of Smailholm Tower, the earlier family home. Here he was taught to read by his aunt Jenny, and learned from her the speech patterns and many of the tales and legends that characterised much of his work. In January 1775 he returned to Edinburgh, and that summer went with his aunt Jenny to take spa treatment at Bath in England, where they lived at 6 South Parade. In the winter of 1776 he went back to Sandyknowe, with another attempt at a water cure at Prestonpans during the following summer.
wn.com/Walter_Scott -
Washington Irving
Washington Irving (April 3, 1783 – November 28, 1859) was an American author, essayist, biographer and historian of the early 19th century. He is best known for his short stories "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and "Rip Van Winkle", both of which appear in his book The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. His historical works include biographies of George Washington, Oliver Goldsmith and Muhammad, and several histories of 15th-century Spain dealing with subjects such as Christopher Columbus, the Moors, and the Alhambra. Irving also served as the U.S. ambassador to Spain from 1842 to 1846.
He made his literary debut in 1802 with a series of observational letters to the Morning Chronicle, written under the pseudonym Jonathan Oldstyle. After moving to England for the family business in 1815, he achieved international fame with the publication of The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. in 1819. He continued to publish regularly—and almost always successfully—throughout his life, and completed a five-volume biography of George Washington just eight months before his death, at age 76, in Tarrytown, New York.
wn.com/Washington_Irving -
William Blake
William Blake (28 November 1757 – 12 August 1827) was an English poet, painter, and printmaker. Largely unrecognised during his lifetime, Blake is now considered a seminal figure in the history of both the poetry and visual arts of the Romantic Age. His prophetic poetry has been said to form "what is in proportion to its merits the least read body of poetry in the English language". His visual artistry has led one contemporary art critic to proclaim him "far and away the greatest artist Britain has ever produced". Although he lived in London his entire life except for three years spent in Felpham he produced a diverse and symbolically rich corpus, which embraced the imagination as "the body of God", or "Human existence itself".
Considered mad by contemporaries for his idiosyncratic views, Blake is held in high regard by later critics for his expressiveness and creativity, and for the philosophical and mystical undercurrents within his work. His paintings and poetry have been characterised as part of both the Romantic movement and "Pre-Romantic", for its large appearance in the 18th century. Reverent of the Bible but hostile to the Church of England – indeed, to all forms of organised religion – Blake was influenced by the ideals and ambitions of the French and American revolutions, as well as by such thinkers as Jakob Böhme and Emanuel Swedenborg. Despite these known influences, the singularity of Blake's work makes him difficult to classify. The 19th-century scholar William Rossetti characterised Blake as a "glorious luminary," and as "a man not forestalled by predecessors, nor to be classed with contemporaries, nor to be replaced by known or readily surmisable successors".
wn.com/William_Blake -
William Wordsworth
William Wordsworth (7 April 1770 – 23 April 1850) was a major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature with the 1798 joint publication Lyrical Ballads.
Wordsworth's magnum opus is generally considered to be The Prelude, a semiautobiographical poem of his early years which he revised and expanded a number of times. It was posthumously titled and published, prior to which it was generally known as the poem "to Coleridge". Wordsworth was Britain's Poet Laureate from 1843 until his death in 1850.
The second of five children born to John Wordsworth and Ann Cookson, William Wordsworth was born on 7 April 1770 in Wordsworth House in Cockermouth, Cumberland—part of the scenic region in northwest England, the Lake District. His sister, the poet and diarist Dorothy Wordsworth, to whom he was close all his life, was born the following year, and the two were baptised together. They had three other siblings: Richard, the eldest, who became a lawyer; John, born after Dorothy, who went to sea and died in 1805 when the ship of which he was Master, the Earl of Abergavenny, was wrecked off the south coast of England; and Christopher, the youngest, who entered the Church and rose to be Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. Their father was a legal representative of James Lowther, 1st Earl of Lonsdale and, through his connections, lived in a large mansion in the small town. Wordsworth, as with his siblings, had little involvement with their father, and they would be distant from him until his death in 1783.
wn.com/William_Wordsworth -
Zygmunt Krasiński
Count Napoleon Stanisław Adam Ludwig Zygmunt Krasiński (Polish pronunciation: [ˈzɨɡmunt kraˈɕiɲskʲi]; Paris, France, 19 February 1812 – 23 February 1859, Paris, France), a Polish count, is traditionally ranked with Mickiewicz and Słowacki as one of Poland's Three National Bards — the trio of great Romantic poets who influenced national consciousness during the period of Poland's political bondage.
Krasiński was the son of a general, Count Wincenty Krasiński, of the aristocratic Krasiński family. He studied law at Warsaw University and in Geneva, where he met Adam Mickiewicz.
Krasiński was more sociopolitically conservative than the other two poets. He published much of his work anonymously.
He is best known for his philosophical Messianist ideas. His drama, Nie-boska Komedia (The Un-Divine Comedy, 1835), portrays the tragedy of an old-world aristocracy defeated by a new order of communism and democracy, and is a poetic prophecy of class conflict and of Russia's October Revolution (see also Okopy Świętej Trójcy); and his drama, Irydion (1836), deals, in the context of Christian ethics, with the struggle of a subjugated nation against its oppressor.
wn.com/Zygmunt_Krasiński -
Étienne Méhul
Étienne Nicolas Méhul (22 June 1763 – 18 October 1817) was a French composer, "the most important opera composer in France during the Revolution." He was also the first composer to be called a "Romantic".
Méhul was born at Givet in Ardennes to Jean-François Méhul, a wine merchant, and his wife Marie-Cécile (née Keuly). His first music lessons came from a blind local organist, but he had innate aptitude and was sent to study with a German musician and organist, Wilhelm Hanser, at the monastery of Lavaldieu, a few miles from Givet. Here Méhul developed his lifelong love of flowers.
In 1778 or 1779 he went to Paris and began to study with Jean-Frédéric Edelmann, a harpsichord player and friend of Méhul's idol Christoph Willibald von Gluck. Méhul's first published composition was a book of piano pieces in 1783. He also arranged airs from popular operas and by the late 1780s he had begun to think about an operatic career for himself.
In 1787, the writer Valadier offered Méhul one of his libretti, Cora, which had been rejected by Gluck in 1785. The Académie royale de musique (the Paris Opéra put Méhul's work, under the title Alonzo et Cora, into rehearsal in June 1789. However, the rehearsals were abandoned on 8 August, probably because the Opéra had been suffering severe financial difficulties throughout the 1780s, and the opera was not premiered until 1791. In the meantime, Méhul found an ideal collaborator in the librettist François-Benoît Hoffman, who provided the words to the first of Méhul's operas to be performed, Euphrosine. Its premiere in 1790 was an immense success and marked the composer out as a new talent. It was also the start of his long relationship with the Comédie Italienne theatre (soon to be renamed the Opéra-Comique).
wn.com/Étienne_Méhul
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Ugo Foscolo - Note biografiche - Ripetizioni di letteratura dell'800 - 29elode
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:08
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
videocorso completo sul sito www.29elode.it Contenuto del corso completo: Neoclassicismo e Preromanticismo Foscolo I sepolcri Romanticismo Manzoni Leopardi - Idilli Leopardi - Operette Leopardi - Grandi Idilli Ultimo Leopardi Scapigliatura - Carducci Naturalimo - Verismo Verga Decadentismo
http://wn.com/Ugo_Foscolo_Note_biografiche_Ripetizioni_di_letteratura_dell'800_29elode
videocorso completo sul sito www.29elode.it Contenuto del corso completo: Neoclassicismo e Preromanticismo Foscolo I sepolcri Romanticismo Manzoni Leopardi - Idilli Leopardi - Operette Leopardi - Grandi Idilli Ultimo Leopardi Scapigliatura - Carducci Naturalimo - Verismo Verga Decadentismo
Appunti di: Ugo Foscolo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:22
- Updated: 16 Dec 2012
ecco un altro video per la serie Appunti di.... ; in particolare questo sarà il primo di una serie almeno di due. prestissimo, infatti, girerò un video solo dedicato ai Sepolcri di Foscolo. come al solito spero possa esservi utile, un bacione a tutti voi e, naturalmente grazie per la visione =)
http://wn.com/Appunti_di_Ugo_Foscolo
ecco un altro video per la serie Appunti di.... ; in particolare questo sarà il primo di una serie almeno di due. prestissimo, infatti, girerò un video solo dedicato ai Sepolcri di Foscolo. come al solito spero possa esservi utile, un bacione a tutti voi e, naturalmente grazie per la visione =)
- published: 15 Feb 2012
- views: 3380
- author: StellinaDesy
L'occasione dei Sepolcri - Ugo Foscolo - Videolezioni di Letteratura dell'800 - 29elode
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:47
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
Corso completo sul sito www.29elode.it Contenuto del corso completo: Neoclassicismo e Preromanticismo Foscolo I sepolcri Romanticismo Manzoni Manzoni - Prosa Leopardi - Idilli Leopardi - Operette Leopardi - Grandi Idilli Ultimo Leopardi Scapigliatura - Carducci Naturalimo - Verismo Verga Decadentismo
http://wn.com/L'occasione_dei_Sepolcri_Ugo_Foscolo_Videolezioni_di_Letteratura_dell'800_29elode
Corso completo sul sito www.29elode.it Contenuto del corso completo: Neoclassicismo e Preromanticismo Foscolo I sepolcri Romanticismo Manzoni Manzoni - Prosa Leopardi - Idilli Leopardi - Operette Leopardi - Grandi Idilli Ultimo Leopardi Scapigliatura - Carducci Naturalimo - Verismo Verga Decadentismo
- published: 06 Jun 2012
- views: 1118
- author: 29elode
Alla sera di Ugo Foscolo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:31
- Updated: 09 Dec 2012
Poesia "Alla sera" di Ugo Foscolo, recitata da Vittorio Gassman, musica di Salvatore Maresca Serra
http://wn.com/Alla_sera_di_Ugo_Foscolo
Poesia "Alla sera" di Ugo Foscolo, recitata da Vittorio Gassman, musica di Salvatore Maresca Serra
- published: 27 Dec 2008
- views: 98190
- author: katherjne
Poiesis - Ugo Foscolo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:30
- Updated: 06 Nov 2012
Mario Giacalone legge Ugo Foscolo "In morte del fratello Giovanni" - MGIP :: 2011 - www.mariogiacalone.135.it
http://wn.com/Poiesis_Ugo_Foscolo
Mario Giacalone legge Ugo Foscolo "In morte del fratello Giovanni" - MGIP :: 2011 - www.mariogiacalone.135.it
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 1377
- author: Inflamheart
ILLUSIO- Cortometraggio su Ugo Foscolo di Tommaso Pagni Fedi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:51
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
Ugo Foscolo si reca sulla tomba del fratello Giovanni, morto suicida. Dopo un breve monologo dell'autore di fronte alla lapide, appare Giovanni e insieme alcuni dei personaggi citati nel carme "Dei Sepolcri". Questo è il mio primo video in assoluto. Anche per gli attori, Dario Fini e Giacomo Castaldini, è la prima esperienza cinematografica. Il corto è dunque amatoriale ed è stato appunto girato senza l'attrezzatura tecnica adeguata. Nonostante queste difficoltà il lavoro ha comunque vinto il premio "Giovani Registi" del Festival "Versi di Luce" a Modica(RG) ed è attualmente in concorso al Festival Intercomunale di Cinema Amatoriale a Collebeato (BR).
http://wn.com/ILLUSIO_Cortometraggio_su_Ugo_Foscolo_di_Tommaso_Pagni_Fedi
Ugo Foscolo si reca sulla tomba del fratello Giovanni, morto suicida. Dopo un breve monologo dell'autore di fronte alla lapide, appare Giovanni e insieme alcuni dei personaggi citati nel carme "Dei Sepolcri". Questo è il mio primo video in assoluto. Anche per gli attori, Dario Fini e Giacomo Castaldini, è la prima esperienza cinematografica. Il corto è dunque amatoriale ed è stato appunto girato senza l'attrezzatura tecnica adeguata. Nonostante queste difficoltà il lavoro ha comunque vinto il premio "Giovani Registi" del Festival "Versi di Luce" a Modica(RG) ed è attualmente in concorso al Festival Intercomunale di Cinema Amatoriale a Collebeato (BR).
- published: 31 Mar 2012
- views: 717
- author: pagnifeditom
A Zacinto - Ugo Foscolo - Lezioni di Letteratura dell'Ottocento - 29elode.it
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:11
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
videocorso completo sul sito www.29elode.it Contenuto del corso completo: Neoclassicismo e Preromanticismo Foscolo I sepolcri Romanticismo Manzoni Leopardi - Idilli Leopardi - Operette Leopardi - Grandi Idilli Ultimo Leopardi Scapigliatura - Carducci Naturalimo - Verismo Verga Decadentismo
http://wn.com/A_Zacinto_Ugo_Foscolo_Lezioni_di_Letteratura_dell'Ottocento_29elodeit
videocorso completo sul sito www.29elode.it Contenuto del corso completo: Neoclassicismo e Preromanticismo Foscolo I sepolcri Romanticismo Manzoni Leopardi - Idilli Leopardi - Operette Leopardi - Grandi Idilli Ultimo Leopardi Scapigliatura - Carducci Naturalimo - Verismo Verga Decadentismo
- published: 05 Jun 2012
- views: 1414
- author: 29elode
Alla Sera (Ugo Foscolo)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:04
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Questo video nasce dall'unione tra le immagini del mio precedente video "I colori del Volterraio" e la straordinaria interpretazione di Roberto Herlitzka. Come ripeto spesso, le immagini, unite in maniera opportuna alla musica, possono arrivare alle corde più profonde dell'anima di chi osserva...
http://wn.com/Alla_Sera_Ugo_Foscolo
Questo video nasce dall'unione tra le immagini del mio precedente video "I colori del Volterraio" e la straordinaria interpretazione di Roberto Herlitzka. Come ripeto spesso, le immagini, unite in maniera opportuna alla musica, possono arrivare alle corde più profonde dell'anima di chi osserva...
- published: 30 Sep 2011
- views: 1971
- author: delaurus
A Zacinto - Ugo Foscolo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:00
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
Interpretazione del sonetto "A Zacinto" di Ugo Foscolo.
http://wn.com/A_Zacinto_Ugo_Foscolo
Interpretazione del sonetto "A Zacinto" di Ugo Foscolo.
- published: 14 Nov 2010
- views: 8271
- author: fmoXCVII
alla sera di ugo foscolo letto d vittorio gassman
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:36
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/alla_sera_di_ugo_foscolo_letto_d_vittorio_gassman
Ugo Foscolo: «Dei Sepolcri»
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:31
- Updated: 12 Nov 2012
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http://wn.com/Ugo_Foscolo_«Dei_Sepolcri»
IN MORTE DEL FRATELLO GIOVANNI di Ugo Foscolo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:18
- Updated: 16 Dec 2012
Lettura di Sandro Alba (1996)
http://wn.com/IN_MORTE_DEL_FRATELLO_GIOVANNI_di_Ugo_Foscolo
Ugo Foscolo - Le ultime lettere di Jacopo Ortis: Il sacrificio della patria (text in description)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:22
- Updated: 10 Dec 2012
From "Antologia della letteratura italiana XII - XIX ss.", read by Aurelio Montigelli. I do not own any of the material in the video. Text: "Libertà va cercando, ch'è sì cara, come sa chi per lei vita rifiuta" (Dante). Da' colli Euganei, 11 Ottobre 1797 Il sacrificio della patria nostra è consumato: tutto è perduto; e la vita, seppure ne verrà concessa, non ci resterà che per piangere le nostre sciagure, e la nostra infamia. Il mio nome è nella lista di proscrizione, lo so: ma vuoi tu ch'io per salvarmi da chi m'opprime mi commetta a chi mi ha tradito? Consola mia madre: vinto dalle sue lagrime le ho ubbidito, e ho lasciato Venezia per evitare le prime persecuzioni, e le più feroci. Or dovrò io abbandonare anche questa mia solitudine antica, dove, senza perdere dagli occhi il mio sciagurato paese, posso ancora sperare qualche giorno di pace? Tu mi fai raccapricciare, Lorenzo; quanti sono dunque gli sventurati? E noi, purtroppo, noi stessi italiani ci laviamo le mani nel sangue degl'italiani. Per me segua che può. Poiché ho disperato e della mia patria e di me, aspetto tranquillamente la prigione e la morte. Il mio cadavere almeno non cadrà fra le braccia straniere; il mio nome sarà sommessamente compianto da' pochi uomini buoni, compagni delle nostre miserie; e le mie ossa poseranno su la terra de' miei padri.
http://wn.com/Ugo_Foscolo_Le_ultime_lettere_di_Jacopo_Ortis_Il_sacrificio_della_patria_text_in_description
From "Antologia della letteratura italiana XII - XIX ss.", read by Aurelio Montigelli. I do not own any of the material in the video. Text: "Libertà va cercando, ch'è sì cara, come sa chi per lei vita rifiuta" (Dante). Da' colli Euganei, 11 Ottobre 1797 Il sacrificio della patria nostra è consumato: tutto è perduto; e la vita, seppure ne verrà concessa, non ci resterà che per piangere le nostre sciagure, e la nostra infamia. Il mio nome è nella lista di proscrizione, lo so: ma vuoi tu ch'io per salvarmi da chi m'opprime mi commetta a chi mi ha tradito? Consola mia madre: vinto dalle sue lagrime le ho ubbidito, e ho lasciato Venezia per evitare le prime persecuzioni, e le più feroci. Or dovrò io abbandonare anche questa mia solitudine antica, dove, senza perdere dagli occhi il mio sciagurato paese, posso ancora sperare qualche giorno di pace? Tu mi fai raccapricciare, Lorenzo; quanti sono dunque gli sventurati? E noi, purtroppo, noi stessi italiani ci laviamo le mani nel sangue degl'italiani. Per me segua che può. Poiché ho disperato e della mia patria e di me, aspetto tranquillamente la prigione e la morte. Il mio cadavere almeno non cadrà fra le braccia straniere; il mio nome sarà sommessamente compianto da' pochi uomini buoni, compagni delle nostre miserie; e le mie ossa poseranno su la terra de' miei padri.
- published: 28 Oct 2011
- views: 2200
- author: ce15645
La mostra su Ugo Foscolo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:11
- Updated: 04 Aug 2012
(26/1/2009) L'inaugurazione della mostra documentaria dedicata ai duecento anni dellorazione foscoliana: «Ama-te palesemente e generosamente le lettere e la vostra nazione». Ugo Foscolo nellAteneo pavese, a cura di Gianfranca Lavezzi.
http://wn.com/La_mostra_su_Ugo_Foscolo
(26/1/2009) L'inaugurazione della mostra documentaria dedicata ai duecento anni dellorazione foscoliana: «Ama-te palesemente e generosamente le lettere e la vostra nazione». Ugo Foscolo nellAteneo pavese, a cura di Gianfranca Lavezzi.
- published: 23 Feb 2010
- views: 1325
- author: ucampus
Pegasus cita Ugo Foscolo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:22
- Updated: 06 Dec 2012
Pegasus dedica un verso del sonetto "Alla Sera" di Foscolo al suo amico Sirio, grato per avergli restituito l'armatura completamente restaurata! Da piccoli mica le coglievamo queste finezze... (Cavalieri dello Zodiaco - Ep. 11: Pegasus e Pegasus Nero).
http://wn.com/Pegasus_cita_Ugo_Foscolo
Pegasus dedica un verso del sonetto "Alla Sera" di Foscolo al suo amico Sirio, grato per avergli restituito l'armatura completamente restaurata! Da piccoli mica le coglievamo queste finezze... (Cavalieri dello Zodiaco - Ep. 11: Pegasus e Pegasus Nero).
- published: 17 Apr 2010
- views: 8430
- author: CaptainSJR
Annuncio di Occupazione Liceo Classico "Ugo Foscolo"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:51
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
I tre rappresentanti del liceo classico Ugo Foscolo di Canicattì annunciano lo stato di occupazione e cominciano a dare le prime direttive
http://wn.com/Annuncio_di_Occupazione_Liceo_Classico_Ugo_Foscolo
I tre rappresentanti del liceo classico Ugo Foscolo di Canicattì annunciano lo stato di occupazione e cominciano a dare le prime direttive
- published: 20 Nov 2012
- views: 538
- author: Andrea Di Benedetto
RISTORANTE INDIANO KRISHNA 13 VIA UGO FOSCOLO 13 ROMA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:43
- Updated: 14 Apr 2011
RISTORANTE INDIANO KRISHNA 13 (TRATTO DALLA TRASMISSIONE "THE NEW FAMILY SHOW") VIA UGO FOSCOLO 13 ROMA
http://wn.com/RISTORANTE_INDIANO_KRISHNA_13_VIA_UGO_FOSCOLO_13_ROMA
RISTORANTE INDIANO KRISHNA 13 (TRATTO DALLA TRASMISSIONE "THE NEW FAMILY SHOW") VIA UGO FOSCOLO 13 ROMA
- published: 18 Jan 2011
- views: 2143
- author: pinkyrosen
3A scientifico Ugo Foscolo 2009
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:56
- Updated: 23 Aug 2010
http://wn.com/3A_scientifico_Ugo_Foscolo_2009
Ugo Foscolo: A ZACINTO / Ούγκου Φώσκολου: ΣΤΗ ΖΑΚΥΝΘΟ
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:19
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
Greek translation: Stefanos Martzokis. Moderato con moto - Adante con fuoco. Music and singer / composer: DIMITRIOS KYRIAKOPOULOS Μετάφραση: Στέφανος Μαρτζώκης. Σύνθεση και πρώτη παρουσίαση / απόδοση: ΔΗΜΗΤΡΗΣ ΚΥΡΙΑΚΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Εντευκτήριο ΧΡΟΝΟΣ, στην πόλη της Ζακύνθου, δειλινό της 2ας Μαρτίου 2011
http://wn.com/Ugo_Foscolo_A_ZACINTO_Ούγκου_Φώσκολου_ΣΤΗ_ΖΑΚΥΝΘΟ
Greek translation: Stefanos Martzokis. Moderato con moto - Adante con fuoco. Music and singer / composer: DIMITRIOS KYRIAKOPOULOS Μετάφραση: Στέφανος Μαρτζώκης. Σύνθεση και πρώτη παρουσίαση / απόδοση: ΔΗΜΗΤΡΗΣ ΚΥΡΙΑΚΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Εντευκτήριο ΧΡΟΝΟΣ, στην πόλη της Ζακύνθου, δειλινό της 2ας Μαρτίου 2011
- published: 02 Mar 2011
- views: 3166
- author: Kyklodioktos
A Zacinto di Ugo Foscolo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:17
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
La poesia "A Zacinto" di Ugo Foscolo, che portai all'esame di quinta.
http://wn.com/A_Zacinto_di_Ugo_Foscolo
La poesia "A Zacinto" di Ugo Foscolo, che portai all'esame di quinta.
- published: 23 Jan 2010
- views: 10514
- author: salvgona
Ugo Foscolo: «A Zacinto»
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:44
- Updated: 29 Oct 2012
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http://wn.com/Ugo_Foscolo_«A_Zacinto»
Alla sera, Ugo Foscolo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:44
- Updated: 11 Nov 2012
Forse perché della fatal quïete Tu sei l'imago a me sì cara vieni O sera! E quando ti corteggian liete Le nubi estive ei zeffiri sereni, E quando dal nevoso aere inquïete Tenebre e lunghe all'universo meni Sempre scendi invocata, e le secrete Vie del mio cor soavemente tieni. Vagar mi fai co' miei pensier su l'orme che vanno al nulla eterno; e intanto fugge questo reo tempo, e van con lui le torme Delle cure onde meco egli si strugge; e mentre io guardo la tua pace, dorme Quello spirto guerrier ch'entro mi rugge.
http://wn.com/Alla_sera,_Ugo_Foscolo
Forse perché della fatal quïete Tu sei l'imago a me sì cara vieni O sera! E quando ti corteggian liete Le nubi estive ei zeffiri sereni, E quando dal nevoso aere inquïete Tenebre e lunghe all'universo meni Sempre scendi invocata, e le secrete Vie del mio cor soavemente tieni. Vagar mi fai co' miei pensier su l'orme che vanno al nulla eterno; e intanto fugge questo reo tempo, e van con lui le torme Delle cure onde meco egli si strugge; e mentre io guardo la tua pace, dorme Quello spirto guerrier ch'entro mi rugge.
- published: 31 Aug 2011
- views: 706
- author: agarbarino75
"Alla sera" di Ugo Foscolo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:12
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
poesia multimediale delle alunne Amanda Morani e Noelle La Mattina, as 2006/2007, Liceo Bramante di Magenta, lettura prof. Luigi Gaudio
http://wn.com/Alla_sera_di_Ugo_Foscolo
poesia multimediale delle alunne Amanda Morani e Noelle La Mattina, as 2006/2007, Liceo Bramante di Magenta, lettura prof. Luigi Gaudio
- published: 10 Feb 2008
- views: 30117
- author: Luigi Gaudio
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TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: INTERVISTA DELIA E FABIO- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:03
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
http://wn.com/TALENT_SCHOOL_UGO_FOSCOLO_INTERVISTA_DELIA_E_FABIO_REGIA_DI_NICOLETTA_COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 13
- author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: TEATRO CHAT DELIA E FABIO- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:24
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
http://wn.com/TALENT_SCHOOL_UGO_FOSCOLO_TEATRO_CHAT_DELIA_E_FABIO_REGIA_DI_NICOLETTA_COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 18
- author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: PROVINI DI CANTO- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:21
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
http://wn.com/TALENT_SCHOOL_UGO_FOSCOLO_PROVINI_DI_CANTO_REGIA_DI_NICOLETTA_COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 31
- author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: TANGO DEL SOLE A SCACCHI- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:39
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
http://wn.com/TALENT_SCHOOL_UGO_FOSCOLO_TANGO_DEL_SOLE_A_SCACCHI_REGIA_DI_NICOLETTA_COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 50
- author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: JAM SESSION AL FOSCOLO DI TEANO- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:35
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
http://wn.com/TALENT_SCHOOL_UGO_FOSCOLO_JAM_SESSION_AL_FOSCOLO_DI_TEANO_REGIA_DI_NICOLETTA_COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 10
- author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: FOSCOLO TEANO BLUES- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:58
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
http://wn.com/TALENT_SCHOOL_UGO_FOSCOLO_FOSCOLO_TEANO_BLUES_REGIA_DI_NICOLETTA_COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 15
- author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: LATIN JAZZ A TEANO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:44
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/TALENT_SCHOOL_UGO_FOSCOLO_LATIN_JAZZ_A_TEANO
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: INCONTRO MUSICALE 2- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:58
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
http://wn.com/TALENT_SCHOOL_UGO_FOSCOLO_INCONTRO_MUSICALE_2_REGIA_DI_NICOLETTA_COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 14
- author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: LA SCRITTRICE DI TEANO- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:08
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
http://wn.com/TALENT_SCHOOL_UGO_FOSCOLO_LA_SCRITTRICE_DI_TEANO_REGIA_DI_NICOLETTA_COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 57
- author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: INCONTRO MUSICALE- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:31
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
http://wn.com/TALENT_SCHOOL_UGO_FOSCOLO_INCONTRO_MUSICALE_REGIA_DI_NICOLETTA_COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 20
- author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: INCONTRO ATTITUDINALE- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:10
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
http://wn.com/TALENT_SCHOOL_UGO_FOSCOLO_INCONTRO_ATTITUDINALE_REGIA_DI_NICOLETTA_COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 12
- author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: TALENT SCOUT CRESCONO- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:16
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
http://wn.com/TALENT_SCHOOL_UGO_FOSCOLO_TALENT_SCOUT_CRESCONO_REGIA_DI_NICOLETTA_COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 10
- author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: IL BALLERINO MARCO- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:43
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
http://wn.com/TALENT_SCHOOL_UGO_FOSCOLO_IL_BALLERINO_MARCO_REGIA_DI_NICOLETTA_COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 29
- author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO:DISAGIO IN CHIAVE COMICA - REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:03
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
http://wn.com/TALENT_SCHOOL_UGO_FOSCOLODISAGIO_IN_CHIAVE_COMICA_REGIA_DI_NICOLETTA_COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 16 Apr 2012
- views: 15
- author: castchanneltv
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Speciale elezioni: intervista a Vincenzo Scaglione
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:20
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Intervista a Vincenzo Scaglione, candidato alla rappresentanza di istituto del Liceo Classico U. Foscolo di Canicattì by Latestata.tk
http://wn.com/Speciale_elezioni_intervista_a_Vincenzo_Scaglione
Intervista a Vincenzo Scaglione, candidato alla rappresentanza di istituto del Liceo Classico U. Foscolo di Canicattì by Latestata.tk
- published: 18 Oct 2011
- views: 470
- author: La Testata Giovane, libera e indipendente
Speciale elezioni: intervista a Rowena Galiano
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:33
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Intervista a Rowena Galiano, candidata alla rappresentanza di istituto del Liceo Classico U. Foscolo di Canicattì by Latestata.tk
http://wn.com/Speciale_elezioni_intervista_a_Rowena_Galiano
Intervista a Rowena Galiano, candidata alla rappresentanza di istituto del Liceo Classico U. Foscolo di Canicattì by Latestata.tk
- published: 18 Oct 2011
- views: 475
- author: La Testata Giovane, libera e indipendente
Speciale elezioni: intervista a Giorgio Santamaria
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:21
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Intervista a Giorgio Santamaria, candidato alla rappresentanza di istituto del Liceo Classico U. Foscolo di Canicattì by Latestata.tk
http://wn.com/Speciale_elezioni_intervista_a_Giorgio_Santamaria
Intervista a Giorgio Santamaria, candidato alla rappresentanza di istituto del Liceo Classico U. Foscolo di Canicattì by Latestata.tk
- published: 18 Oct 2011
- views: 428
- author: La Testata Giovane, libera e indipendente
Speciale elezioni: intervista a Carmelo Traina
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Intervista a Carmelo Traina, candidato alla rappresentanza di istituto del Liceo Classico U. Foscolo di Canicattì by Latestata.tk
http://wn.com/Speciale_elezioni_intervista_a_Carmelo_Traina
Intervista a Carmelo Traina, candidato alla rappresentanza di istituto del Liceo Classico U. Foscolo di Canicattì by Latestata.tk
- published: 18 Oct 2011
- views: 597
- author: La Testata Giovane, libera e indipendente
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alla sera di ugo foscolo letto d vittorio gassman
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:36
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/alla_sera_di_ugo_foscolo_letto_d_vittorio_gassman
Alla sera di Ugo Foscolo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:31
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Poesia "Alla sera" di Ugo Foscolo, recitata da Vittorio Gassman, musica di Salvatore Maresca Serra
http://wn.com/Alla_sera_di_Ugo_Foscolo
Poesia "Alla sera" di Ugo Foscolo, recitata da Vittorio Gassman, musica di Salvatore Maresca Serra
- published: 27 Apr 2012
- views: 98250
- author: Letteratura OperaOmnia
Ugo Foscolo - A Zacinto
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:44
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Bellissima poesia di Ugo Foscolo, tratta dai "Sonetti", dedicata all'isola in cui il poeta nacque, Zante, nel mar Ionio (chiamata con il nome greco antico, Zacinto). Il sonetto fu composto tra l'agosto del 1802 e l'aprile del 1803.
http://wn.com/Ugo_Foscolo_A_Zacinto
Bellissima poesia di Ugo Foscolo, tratta dai "Sonetti", dedicata all'isola in cui il poeta nacque, Zante, nel mar Ionio (chiamata con il nome greco antico, Zacinto). Il sonetto fu composto tra l'agosto del 1802 e l'aprile del 1803.
- published: 27 Apr 2012
- views: 6228
- author: Letteratura OperaOmnia
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Eugenio Montale: «Meriggiare pallido e assorto»
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:04
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
http://wn.com/Eugenio_Montale_«Meriggiare_pallido_e_assorto»
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 1499
- author: Marco Tarquinio
Giacomo Leopardi: «Alla luna»
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:36
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Videopoesia Alla luna di Giacomo Leopardi con musica tratta dal film Canone inverso.
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
http://wn.com/Giacomo_Leopardi_«Alla_luna»
Videopoesia Alla luna di Giacomo Leopardi con musica tratta dal film Canone inverso.
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 1510
- author: Marco Tarquinio
Il Convivio - Tributo a Marilyn Monroe
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:26
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
http://wn.com/Il_Convivio_Tributo_a_Marilyn_Monroe
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 446
- author: Marco Tarquinio
Ugo Foscolo: «Dei Sepolcri»
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:31
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
http://wn.com/Ugo_Foscolo_«Dei_Sepolcri»
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 2536
- author: Marco Tarquinio
Giuseppe Ungaretti: «I fiumi»
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Videopoesia I fiumi di Giuseppe Ungaretti letta da Vittorio Gassman.
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
http://wn.com/Giuseppe_Ungaretti_«I_fiumi»
Videopoesia I fiumi di Giuseppe Ungaretti letta da Vittorio Gassman.
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 684
- author: Marco Tarquinio
Ada Negri: «Cade la neve»
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:37
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
http://wn.com/Ada_Negri_«Cade_la_neve»
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 3906
- author: Marco Tarquinio
Ugo Foscolo: «Alla sera»
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:33
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Videopoesia Alla sera di Ugo Foscolo.
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
http://wn.com/Ugo_Foscolo_«Alla_sera»
Videopoesia Alla sera di Ugo Foscolo.
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 1613
- author: Marco Tarquinio
Giuseppe Ungaretti: «Poesie»
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:07
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Raccolta di brevi poesie di Giuseppe Ungaretti.
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
http://wn.com/Giuseppe_Ungaretti_«Poesie»
Raccolta di brevi poesie di Giuseppe Ungaretti.
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 1037
- author: Marco Tarquinio
Vincenzo Cardarelli: «Autunno»
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:36
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
http://wn.com/Vincenzo_Cardarelli_«Autunno»
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 3027
- author: Marco Tarquinio
Cecco Angiolieri: «S'ì fosse foco...»
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:38
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
http://wn.com/Cecco_Angiolieri_«S'ì_fosse_foco»
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 331
- author: Marco Tarquinio
Ugo Foscolo: «A Zacinto»
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:44
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
http://wn.com/Ugo_Foscolo_«A_Zacinto»
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 3691
- author: Marco Tarquinio
Giacomo Leopardi: «A Silvia»
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:48
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Videopoesia A Silvia di Giacomo Leopardi con la voce di Arnoldo Foà
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
http://wn.com/Giacomo_Leopardi_«A_Silvia»
Videopoesia A Silvia di Giacomo Leopardi con la voce di Arnoldo Foà
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 3131
- author: Marco Tarquinio
Il Convivio - La fotografia di Robert Doisneau
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:56
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
http://wn.com/Il_Convivio_La_fotografia_di_Robert_Doisneau
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 695
- author: Marco Tarquinio
Aforismi di William Shakespeare
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:11
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Aforismi di William Shakespeare sulle note di Ghost of a Rose dei Blackmore's Night e opere di John William Waterhouse
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
http://wn.com/Aforismi_di_William_Shakespeare
Aforismi di William Shakespeare sulle note di Ghost of a Rose dei Blackmore's Night e opere di John William Waterhouse
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 717
- author: Marco Tarquinio
Se Dio esiste, da dove viene il male?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:19
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
http://wn.com/Se_Dio_esiste,_da_dove_viene_il_male?
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 310
- author: Marco Tarquinio
Il Convivio - Solidarietà al popolo giapponese
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:50
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Breve raccolta di Haiku.
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
http://wn.com/Il_Convivio_Solidarietà_al_popolo_giapponese
Breve raccolta di Haiku.
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 24
- author: Marco Tarquinio
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TALENT SCHOOL - PIAGET: LA QUESTIONE DONNA 1- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:40
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
http://wn.com/TALENT_SCHOOL_PIAGET_LA_QUESTIONE_DONNA_1_REGIA_DI_NICOLETTA_COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 12 Apr 2012
- views: 1
- author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - PIAGET: LA QUESTIONE DONNA 2- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:48
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
http://wn.com/TALENT_SCHOOL_PIAGET_LA_QUESTIONE_DONNA_2_REGIA_DI_NICOLETTA_COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 12 Apr 2012
- author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: MARCO ALLA BATTERIA- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:07
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
http://wn.com/TALENT_SCHOOL_UGO_FOSCOLO_MARCO_ALLA_BATTERIA_REGIA_DI_NICOLETTA_COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 13
- author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: FABIANA AL PIANO- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:15
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
http://wn.com/TALENT_SCHOOL_UGO_FOSCOLO_FABIANA_AL_PIANO_REGIA_DI_NICOLETTA_COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 10
- author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: DISAGIO IN CHIAVE RAP- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:43
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
http://wn.com/TALENT_SCHOOL_UGO_FOSCOLO_DISAGIO_IN_CHIAVE_RAP_REGIA_DI_NICOLETTA_COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 249
- author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - AMARI: BALLERINI AT STATION - REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:53
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
http://wn.com/TALENT_SCHOOL_AMARI_BALLERINI_AT_STATION_REGIA_DI_NICOLETTA_COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 13 Apr 2012
- views: 2
- author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - RUSSEL NEWTON: JULIEN IL DEMOREEL
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:40
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
http://wn.com/TALENT_SCHOOL_RUSSEL_NEWTON_JULIEN_IL_DEMOREEL
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 16 Apr 2012
- views: 3
- author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - RUSSEL NEWTON: LA SCATOLA ROSSA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:41
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
http://wn.com/TALENT_SCHOOL_RUSSEL_NEWTON_LA_SCATOLA_ROSSA
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 16 Apr 2012
- views: 28
- author: castchanneltv
2:03
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: INTERVISTA DELIA E FABIO- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile...
published: 14 Apr 2012
author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: INTERVISTA DELIA E FABIO- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 13
- author: castchanneltv
8:24
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: TEATRO CHAT DELIA E FABIO- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile...
published: 14 Apr 2012
author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: TEATRO CHAT DELIA E FABIO- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 18
- author: castchanneltv
2:21
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: PROVINI DI CANTO- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile...
published: 14 Apr 2012
author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: PROVINI DI CANTO- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 31
- author: castchanneltv
5:39
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: TANGO DEL SOLE A SCACCHI- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile...
published: 14 Apr 2012
author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: TANGO DEL SOLE A SCACCHI- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 50
- author: castchanneltv
1:35
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: JAM SESSION AL FOSCOLO DI TEANO- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile...
published: 14 Apr 2012
author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: JAM SESSION AL FOSCOLO DI TEANO- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 10
- author: castchanneltv
2:58
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: FOSCOLO TEANO BLUES- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile...
published: 14 Apr 2012
author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: FOSCOLO TEANO BLUES- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 15
- author: castchanneltv
4:44
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: LATIN JAZZ A TEANO
...
published: 14 Apr 2012
author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: LATIN JAZZ A TEANO
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 88
- author: castchanneltv
2:58
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: INCONTRO MUSICALE 2- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile...
published: 14 Apr 2012
author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: INCONTRO MUSICALE 2- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 14
- author: castchanneltv
2:08
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: LA SCRITTRICE DI TEANO- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile...
published: 14 Apr 2012
author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: LA SCRITTRICE DI TEANO- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 57
- author: castchanneltv
3:31
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: INCONTRO MUSICALE- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile...
published: 14 Apr 2012
author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: INCONTRO MUSICALE- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 20
- author: castchanneltv
2:10
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: INCONTRO ATTITUDINALE- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile...
published: 14 Apr 2012
author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: INCONTRO ATTITUDINALE- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 12
- author: castchanneltv
1:16
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: TALENT SCOUT CRESCONO- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile...
published: 14 Apr 2012
author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: TALENT SCOUT CRESCONO- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 10
- author: castchanneltv
1:43
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: IL BALLERINO MARCO- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile...
published: 14 Apr 2012
author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: IL BALLERINO MARCO- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 29
- author: castchanneltv
2:03
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO:DISAGIO IN CHIAVE COMICA - REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile...
published: 16 Apr 2012
author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO:DISAGIO IN CHIAVE COMICA - REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 16 Apr 2012
- views: 15
- author: castchanneltv
Vimeo results:
8:50
ILLUSIO - Cortometraggio su Ugo Foscolo
ILLUSIO - Cortometraggio su Ugo Foscolo
(Firenze 2012, 8.50 min)
Scritto e diretto da
TOM...
published: 29 Mar 2012
author: Tommaso Pagni Fedi
ILLUSIO - Cortometraggio su Ugo Foscolo
ILLUSIO - Cortometraggio su Ugo Foscolo
(Firenze 2012, 8.50 min)
Scritto e diretto da
TOMMASO PAGNI FEDI
Montaggio
METELLO GIORDANI
MATTEO MANGANELLI
Cast
DARIO FINI
GIACOMO CASTALDINI
Comparse
RENATO GIROLDINI
VIERI RAVAGLIOLI
COSIMO LIPPI
ENRICO LUPATELLI
FABIO FILIPPINI
FRANCESCO LO TORTO
RICCARDO DI FIORE
CORSO TARANTINO
BIANCA GIANNOTTI
GIULIA LASCIALFARI
ILARIA ROSSI
ELENA MADIAI
0:37
A Zacinto di Ugo foscolo
Versione 3
- sfondo libro
- no immagini di contesto
- segnalazione riga letta...
published: 23 Dec 2011
author: Fondazione Savej
A Zacinto di Ugo foscolo
Versione 3
- sfondo libro
- no immagini di contesto
- segnalazione riga letta
0:40
A Zacinto di Ugo Foscolo
Versione 1
- diviso per strofe
- immagini di sfondo...
published: 15 Dec 2011
author: Fondazione Savej
A Zacinto di Ugo Foscolo
Versione 1
- diviso per strofe
- immagini di sfondo
3:20
Speciale elezioni: intervista a Vincenzo Scaglione
Intervista a Vincenzo Scaglione, candidato alla rappresentanza di istituto del Liceo Class...
published: 18 Oct 2011
Speciale elezioni: intervista a Vincenzo Scaglione
Intervista a Vincenzo Scaglione, candidato alla rappresentanza di istituto del Liceo Classico U. Foscolo di Canicattì by Latestata.tk
- published: 18 Oct 2011
- views: 470
- author: La Testata Giovane, libera e indipendente
3:33
Speciale elezioni: intervista a Rowena Galiano
Intervista a Rowena Galiano, candidata alla rappresentanza di istituto del Liceo Classico ...
published: 18 Oct 2011
Speciale elezioni: intervista a Rowena Galiano
Intervista a Rowena Galiano, candidata alla rappresentanza di istituto del Liceo Classico U. Foscolo di Canicattì by Latestata.tk
- published: 18 Oct 2011
- views: 475
- author: La Testata Giovane, libera e indipendente
3:21
Speciale elezioni: intervista a Giorgio Santamaria
Intervista a Giorgio Santamaria, candidato alla rappresentanza di istituto del Liceo Class...
published: 18 Oct 2011
Speciale elezioni: intervista a Giorgio Santamaria
Intervista a Giorgio Santamaria, candidato alla rappresentanza di istituto del Liceo Classico U. Foscolo di Canicattì by Latestata.tk
- published: 18 Oct 2011
- views: 428
- author: La Testata Giovane, libera e indipendente
3:53
Speciale elezioni: intervista a Carmelo Traina
Intervista a Carmelo Traina, candidato alla rappresentanza di istituto del Liceo Classico ...
published: 18 Oct 2011
Speciale elezioni: intervista a Carmelo Traina
Intervista a Carmelo Traina, candidato alla rappresentanza di istituto del Liceo Classico U. Foscolo di Canicattì by Latestata.tk
- published: 18 Oct 2011
- views: 597
- author: La Testata Giovane, libera e indipendente
Vimeo results:
8:50
ILLUSIO - Cortometraggio su Ugo Foscolo
ILLUSIO - Cortometraggio su Ugo Foscolo
(Firenze 2012, 8.50 min)
Scritto e diretto da
TOM...
published: 29 Mar 2012
author: Tommaso Pagni Fedi
ILLUSIO - Cortometraggio su Ugo Foscolo
ILLUSIO - Cortometraggio su Ugo Foscolo
(Firenze 2012, 8.50 min)
Scritto e diretto da
TOMMASO PAGNI FEDI
Montaggio
METELLO GIORDANI
MATTEO MANGANELLI
Cast
DARIO FINI
GIACOMO CASTALDINI
Comparse
RENATO GIROLDINI
VIERI RAVAGLIOLI
COSIMO LIPPI
ENRICO LUPATELLI
FABIO FILIPPINI
FRANCESCO LO TORTO
RICCARDO DI FIORE
CORSO TARANTINO
BIANCA GIANNOTTI
GIULIA LASCIALFARI
ILARIA ROSSI
ELENA MADIAI
0:37
A Zacinto di Ugo foscolo
Versione 3
- sfondo libro
- no immagini di contesto
- segnalazione riga letta...
published: 23 Dec 2011
author: Fondazione Savej
A Zacinto di Ugo foscolo
Versione 3
- sfondo libro
- no immagini di contesto
- segnalazione riga letta
0:40
A Zacinto di Ugo Foscolo
Versione 1
- diviso per strofe
- immagini di sfondo...
published: 15 Dec 2011
author: Fondazione Savej
A Zacinto di Ugo Foscolo
Versione 1
- diviso per strofe
- immagini di sfondo
1:36
alla sera di ugo foscolo letto d vittorio gassman
...
published: 27 Apr 2012
author: Letteratura OperaOmnia
alla sera di ugo foscolo letto d vittorio gassman
- published: 27 Apr 2012
- views: 25197
- author: Letteratura OperaOmnia
1:31
Alla sera di Ugo Foscolo
Poesia "Alla sera" di Ugo Foscolo, recitata da Vittorio Gassman, musica di Salvatore Mares...
published: 27 Apr 2012
author: Letteratura OperaOmnia
Alla sera di Ugo Foscolo
Poesia "Alla sera" di Ugo Foscolo, recitata da Vittorio Gassman, musica di Salvatore Maresca Serra
- published: 27 Apr 2012
- views: 98250
- author: Letteratura OperaOmnia
1:44
Ugo Foscolo - A Zacinto
Bellissima poesia di Ugo Foscolo, tratta dai "Sonetti", dedicata all'isola in cui il poeta...
published: 27 Apr 2012
author: Letteratura OperaOmnia
Ugo Foscolo - A Zacinto
Bellissima poesia di Ugo Foscolo, tratta dai "Sonetti", dedicata all'isola in cui il poeta nacque, Zante, nel mar Ionio (chiamata con il nome greco antico, Zacinto). Il sonetto fu composto tra l'agosto del 1802 e l'aprile del 1803.
- published: 27 Apr 2012
- views: 6228
- author: Letteratura OperaOmnia
Vimeo results:
8:50
ILLUSIO - Cortometraggio su Ugo Foscolo
ILLUSIO - Cortometraggio su Ugo Foscolo
(Firenze 2012, 8.50 min)
Scritto e diretto da
TOM...
published: 29 Mar 2012
author: Tommaso Pagni Fedi
ILLUSIO - Cortometraggio su Ugo Foscolo
ILLUSIO - Cortometraggio su Ugo Foscolo
(Firenze 2012, 8.50 min)
Scritto e diretto da
TOMMASO PAGNI FEDI
Montaggio
METELLO GIORDANI
MATTEO MANGANELLI
Cast
DARIO FINI
GIACOMO CASTALDINI
Comparse
RENATO GIROLDINI
VIERI RAVAGLIOLI
COSIMO LIPPI
ENRICO LUPATELLI
FABIO FILIPPINI
FRANCESCO LO TORTO
RICCARDO DI FIORE
CORSO TARANTINO
BIANCA GIANNOTTI
GIULIA LASCIALFARI
ILARIA ROSSI
ELENA MADIAI
0:37
A Zacinto di Ugo foscolo
Versione 3
- sfondo libro
- no immagini di contesto
- segnalazione riga letta...
published: 23 Dec 2011
author: Fondazione Savej
A Zacinto di Ugo foscolo
Versione 3
- sfondo libro
- no immagini di contesto
- segnalazione riga letta
0:40
A Zacinto di Ugo Foscolo
Versione 1
- diviso per strofe
- immagini di sfondo...
published: 15 Dec 2011
author: Fondazione Savej
A Zacinto di Ugo Foscolo
Versione 1
- diviso per strofe
- immagini di sfondo
1:04
Eugenio Montale: «Meriggiare pallido e assorto»
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442...
published: 05 Jun 2011
author: Marco Tarquinio
Eugenio Montale: «Meriggiare pallido e assorto»
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- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 1499
- author: Marco Tarquinio
1:36
Giacomo Leopardi: «Alla luna»
Videopoesia Alla luna di Giacomo Leopardi con musica tratta dal film Canone inverso.
http...
published: 05 Jun 2011
author: Marco Tarquinio
Giacomo Leopardi: «Alla luna»
Videopoesia Alla luna di Giacomo Leopardi con musica tratta dal film Canone inverso.
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- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 1510
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3:26
Il Convivio - Tributo a Marilyn Monroe
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published: 05 Jun 2011
author: Marco Tarquinio
Il Convivio - Tributo a Marilyn Monroe
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- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 446
- author: Marco Tarquinio
2:31
Ugo Foscolo: «Dei Sepolcri»
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published: 05 Jun 2011
author: Marco Tarquinio
Ugo Foscolo: «Dei Sepolcri»
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- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 2536
- author: Marco Tarquinio
3:01
Giuseppe Ungaretti: «I fiumi»
Videopoesia I fiumi di Giuseppe Ungaretti letta da Vittorio Gassman.
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published: 05 Jun 2011
author: Marco Tarquinio
Giuseppe Ungaretti: «I fiumi»
Videopoesia I fiumi di Giuseppe Ungaretti letta da Vittorio Gassman.
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- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 684
- author: Marco Tarquinio
1:37
Ada Negri: «Cade la neve»
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442...
published: 05 Jun 2011
author: Marco Tarquinio
Ada Negri: «Cade la neve»
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- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 3906
- author: Marco Tarquinio
1:33
Ugo Foscolo: «Alla sera»
Videopoesia Alla sera di Ugo Foscolo.
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published: 05 Jun 2011
author: Marco Tarquinio
Ugo Foscolo: «Alla sera»
Videopoesia Alla sera di Ugo Foscolo.
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- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 1613
- author: Marco Tarquinio
2:07
Giuseppe Ungaretti: «Poesie»
Raccolta di brevi poesie di Giuseppe Ungaretti.
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-...
published: 05 Jun 2011
author: Marco Tarquinio
Giuseppe Ungaretti: «Poesie»
Raccolta di brevi poesie di Giuseppe Ungaretti.
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 1037
- author: Marco Tarquinio
1:36
Vincenzo Cardarelli: «Autunno»
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Vincenzo Cardarelli: «Autunno»
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- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 3027
- author: Marco Tarquinio
1:38
Cecco Angiolieri: «S'ì fosse foco...»
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Cecco Angiolieri: «S'ì fosse foco...»
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- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 331
- author: Marco Tarquinio
1:44
Ugo Foscolo: «A Zacinto»
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442...
published: 05 Jun 2011
author: Marco Tarquinio
Ugo Foscolo: «A Zacinto»
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- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 3691
- author: Marco Tarquinio
3:48
Giacomo Leopardi: «A Silvia»
Videopoesia A Silvia di Giacomo Leopardi con la voce di Arnoldo Foà
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published: 05 Jun 2011
author: Marco Tarquinio
Giacomo Leopardi: «A Silvia»
Videopoesia A Silvia di Giacomo Leopardi con la voce di Arnoldo Foà
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- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 3131
- author: Marco Tarquinio
2:56
Il Convivio - La fotografia di Robert Doisneau
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published: 05 Jun 2011
author: Marco Tarquinio
Il Convivio - La fotografia di Robert Doisneau
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- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 695
- author: Marco Tarquinio
4:11
Aforismi di William Shakespeare
Aforismi di William Shakespeare sulle note di Ghost of a Rose dei Blackmore's Night e oper...
published: 05 Jun 2011
author: Marco Tarquinio
Aforismi di William Shakespeare
Aforismi di William Shakespeare sulle note di Ghost of a Rose dei Blackmore's Night e opere di John William Waterhouse
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- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 717
- author: Marco Tarquinio
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8:50
ILLUSIO - Cortometraggio su Ugo Foscolo
ILLUSIO - Cortometraggio su Ugo Foscolo
(Firenze 2012, 8.50 min)
Scritto e diretto da
TOM...
published: 29 Mar 2012
author: Tommaso Pagni Fedi
ILLUSIO - Cortometraggio su Ugo Foscolo
ILLUSIO - Cortometraggio su Ugo Foscolo
(Firenze 2012, 8.50 min)
Scritto e diretto da
TOMMASO PAGNI FEDI
Montaggio
METELLO GIORDANI
MATTEO MANGANELLI
Cast
DARIO FINI
GIACOMO CASTALDINI
Comparse
RENATO GIROLDINI
VIERI RAVAGLIOLI
COSIMO LIPPI
ENRICO LUPATELLI
FABIO FILIPPINI
FRANCESCO LO TORTO
RICCARDO DI FIORE
CORSO TARANTINO
BIANCA GIANNOTTI
GIULIA LASCIALFARI
ILARIA ROSSI
ELENA MADIAI
0:37
A Zacinto di Ugo foscolo
Versione 3
- sfondo libro
- no immagini di contesto
- segnalazione riga letta...
published: 23 Dec 2011
author: Fondazione Savej
A Zacinto di Ugo foscolo
Versione 3
- sfondo libro
- no immagini di contesto
- segnalazione riga letta
0:40
A Zacinto di Ugo Foscolo
Versione 1
- diviso per strofe
- immagini di sfondo...
published: 15 Dec 2011
author: Fondazione Savej
A Zacinto di Ugo Foscolo
Versione 1
- diviso per strofe
- immagini di sfondo
Youtube results:
1:19
Se Dio esiste, da dove viene il male?
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442...
published: 05 Jun 2011
author: Marco Tarquinio
Se Dio esiste, da dove viene il male?
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- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 310
- author: Marco Tarquinio
1:50
Il Convivio - Solidarietà al popolo giapponese
Breve raccolta di Haiku.
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-d...
published: 05 Jun 2011
author: Marco Tarquinio
Il Convivio - Solidarietà al popolo giapponese
Breve raccolta di Haiku.
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Il-Convivio-aforismi-e-citazioni-da-condividere/159079887442464
- published: 05 Jun 2011
- views: 24
- author: Marco Tarquinio
1:40
TALENT SCHOOL - PIAGET: LA QUESTIONE DONNA 1- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile...
published: 12 Apr 2012
author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - PIAGET: LA QUESTIONE DONNA 1- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 12 Apr 2012
- views: 1
- author: castchanneltv
2:48
TALENT SCHOOL - PIAGET: LA QUESTIONE DONNA 2- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile...
published: 12 Apr 2012
author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - PIAGET: LA QUESTIONE DONNA 2- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 12 Apr 2012
- author: castchanneltv
4:07
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: MARCO ALLA BATTERIA- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile...
published: 14 Apr 2012
author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: MARCO ALLA BATTERIA- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 13
- author: castchanneltv
3:15
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: FABIANA AL PIANO- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile...
published: 14 Apr 2012
author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: FABIANA AL PIANO- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 10
- author: castchanneltv
3:43
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: DISAGIO IN CHIAVE RAP- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile...
published: 14 Apr 2012
author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - UGO FOSCOLO: DISAGIO IN CHIAVE RAP- REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 249
- author: castchanneltv
0:53
TALENT SCHOOL - AMARI: BALLERINI AT STATION - REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile...
published: 13 Apr 2012
author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - AMARI: BALLERINI AT STATION - REGIA DI NICOLETTA COSTANTINO
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 13 Apr 2012
- views: 2
- author: castchanneltv
0:40
TALENT SCHOOL - RUSSEL NEWTON: JULIEN IL DEMOREEL
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile...
published: 16 Apr 2012
author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - RUSSEL NEWTON: JULIEN IL DEMOREEL
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 16 Apr 2012
- views: 3
- author: castchanneltv
5:41
TALENT SCHOOL - RUSSEL NEWTON: LA SCATOLA ROSSA
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile...
published: 16 Apr 2012
author: castchanneltv
TALENT SCHOOL - RUSSEL NEWTON: LA SCATOLA ROSSA
Talent School: la web tv per la prevenzione del disagio giovanile
- published: 16 Apr 2012
- views: 28
- author: castchanneltv
Vimeo results:
8:50
ILLUSIO - Cortometraggio su Ugo Foscolo
ILLUSIO - Cortometraggio su Ugo Foscolo
(Firenze 2012, 8.50 min)
Scritto e diretto da
TOM...
published: 29 Mar 2012
author: Tommaso Pagni Fedi
ILLUSIO - Cortometraggio su Ugo Foscolo
ILLUSIO - Cortometraggio su Ugo Foscolo
(Firenze 2012, 8.50 min)
Scritto e diretto da
TOMMASO PAGNI FEDI
Montaggio
METELLO GIORDANI
MATTEO MANGANELLI
Cast
DARIO FINI
GIACOMO CASTALDINI
Comparse
RENATO GIROLDINI
VIERI RAVAGLIOLI
COSIMO LIPPI
ENRICO LUPATELLI
FABIO FILIPPINI
FRANCESCO LO TORTO
RICCARDO DI FIORE
CORSO TARANTINO
BIANCA GIANNOTTI
GIULIA LASCIALFARI
ILARIA ROSSI
ELENA MADIAI
0:37
A Zacinto di Ugo foscolo
Versione 3
- sfondo libro
- no immagini di contesto
- segnalazione riga letta...
published: 23 Dec 2011
author: Fondazione Savej
A Zacinto di Ugo foscolo
Versione 3
- sfondo libro
- no immagini di contesto
- segnalazione riga letta
0:40
A Zacinto di Ugo Foscolo
Versione 1
- diviso per strofe
- immagini di sfondo...
published: 15 Dec 2011
author: Fondazione Savej
A Zacinto di Ugo Foscolo
Versione 1
- diviso per strofe
- immagini di sfondo
photo: AP / Pablo Martinez Monsivais
19 Dec 2012
WASHINGTON. US President Barack Obama backs a new bill to revive an assault weapons ban and other new gun laws, the White House said Tuesday, fleshing out his nascent response to a shocking school massacre. Obama also called an ardently pro-gun senator who has shifted his position on firearms laws since Friday's carnage in Connecticut and has begun meeting top cabinet officials to consider his options, his spokesman Jay Carney said ... ....(size: 4.9Kb)
photo: AP / Charles Krupa
18 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. "Most people reason dramatically, not quantitatively." -Oliver Wendell Holmes. On the same day that a 20-year-old, described as brilliant but remote, walked into an elementary school in Connecticut and massacred 26 children and adults, the school where I teach went on "lock-down." Four students with a handgun were arrested ... That morning before school, he had posted on Twitter and Facebook....(size: 14.0Kb)
photo: Creative Commons / Joachim Huber
18 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. When a Stanford geneticist, Gerald Crabtree, published a provocative and controversial new view on evolutionary change, namely that humans are actually getting dumber, he should have also added that humans are still developing an extermination gene ... Paleontologist Tim Flannery would more than likely agree with Crabtree ... Strange strings of gravel also overlaid some bones ... (1) Kane, Alex ... 195....(size: 9.4Kb)
photo: AP / Narciso Contreras
19 Dec 2012
GENEVA (Reuters) - The United Nations appealed on Wednesday for $1.5 billion (920.1 million pounds) to provide life-saving aid to Syrians suffering from a "dramatically deteriorating" humanitarian situation ... "The magnitude of this humanitarian crisis is indisputable," said Radhouane Nouicer, U.N ... Inside Syria, U.N ... ....(size: 1.5Kb)
photo: AP / Jason DeCrow
18 Dec 2012
An increasing number of US congressmen have called for a national dialogue about measures to curb gun violence following the shooting last week at a primary school in Connecticut that killed 26 people, including 20 children and six adults. White House officials have said that President Barack Obama would make preventing gun-related violence a priority in his second term in office and stricter laws would be part of the effort. ... ....(size: 19.2Kb)
The Charlotte Observer
01 Mar 2012
VENICE, Italy We could tell we were close to Piazza San Marco when the crowds started to thicken and we began to see people in full-on Carnevale costumes ... It certainly was ... According to the café's website, it has been frequented by many famous patrons over time, including Lord Byron, Ugo Foscolo (we've been studying him in Italian class at my school!), Goethe, Charles Dickens, Marcel Proust and Rousseau ... It was fabulous ... ....(size: 3.5Kb)
Wall Street Journal
23 Sep 2011
How do Italians eat big lunches and stay so thin? A look at what three chic Italians eat for lunch and where. Jackie Cooperman has details on Lunch Break ... Here, a highly selective list of lunch recommendations from members of the glitterati in Florence, Milan and Venice. —Jackie CoopermanVenice ... Enlarge ImageClose Harry's Bar ... Ms ... Ferri ... "I don't have a favorite dish, but they make good fish!" Ugo Foscolo, 3; 39-0280-57961 Florence ... ....(size: 4.7Kb)
| Niccolò Ugo Foscolo | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | (1778-02-06)6 February 1778 Zakynthos, Greece1 |
| Died | 10 September 1827(1827-09-10) (aged 49) Turnham Green |
| Occupation | Poet, writer |
| Literary movement | Neoclassicism, Pre-Romanticism |
|
|
|
Ugo Foscolo (Italian pronunciation: [ˈuɡo ˈfoskolo]; 6 February 1778 – 10 September 1827), born Niccolò Foscolo, was an Italian writer, revolutionary and poet.[1]
Contents |
Biography[link]
Foscolo was born on the Ionian island of Zakynthos. His father was Andrea Foscolo, an impoverished Venetian nobleman, and his mother Diamantina Spathis was Greek.[2][3][4][5][6]
In 1788, on the death of his father, who worked as a physician in Spalato, today Croatia (Split), the family removed to Venice, and at the University of Padua Foscolo completed the studies begun at the Dalmatian grammar school.
Amongst his Paduan teachers was the abbé Cesarotti, whose version of Ossian had made that work highly popular in Italy, and who influenced Foscolo's literary tastes; he knew both modern and Ancient Greek. His literary ambition revealed itself by the appearance in 1797 of his tragedy Tieste--a production which obtained a certain degree of success.
Foscolo, who, for causes not clearly explained, had changed his Christian name Niccolò to that of Ugo, now began to take an active part in the stormy political discussions which the fall of the republic of Venice had provoked. He was a prominent member of the national committees, and addressed an ode to Napoleon Bonaparte, expecting Napoleon to overthrow the Venetian oligarchy and create a free republic.
The Treaty of Campoformio (17 October 1797), by which Napoleon handed Venice over to the Austrians, gave a rude shock to Foscolo, but did not quite destroy his hopes. The state of mind produced by that shock is reflected in his novel Ultime lettere di Jacopo Ortis (The Last Letters of Jacopo Ortis) (1798), which was described by the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica as a more politicized version of Goethe's The Sorrows of Young Werther, "for the hero of Foscolo embodies the mental sufferings and suicide of an undeceived Italian patriot just as the hero of Goethe places before us the too delicate sensitiveness embittering and at last cutting short the life of a private German scholar."
The story of Foscolo, like that of Goethe, had a groundwork of melancholy fact. Jacopo Ortis had been a real person; he was a young student of Padua, and committed suicide there under circumstances akin to those described by Foscolo.
Foscolo, like many of his contemporaries, had thought much about the topic of suicide. Cato the Younger and the many classical examples of self-destruction described in Plutarch's Lives appealed to the imaginations of young Italian patriots as they had done in France to those of the heroes and heroines of the Gironde. In the case of Foscolo, as in that of Goethe, the effect produced on the writer's mind by the composition of the work seems to have been beneficial. He had seen the ideal of a great national future rudely shattered; but he did not despair of his country, and sought relief in now turning to gaze on the ideal of a great national poet.
After the fall of Venice Foscolo moved to Milan, where he formed a friendship with the older poet Giuseppe Parini, whom he later remembered with admiration and gratitude. In Milan, he published a choice of 12 Sonnets, where he blends the passionate sentiments shown in Ortis with classical control of language and rhythm.
Still hoping that his country would be freed by Napoleon, he served as a volunteer in the French army, took part in the battle of the Trebbia and the siege of Genoa, was wounded and made prisoner. When released he returned to Milan, and there gave the last touches to his Ortis, published a translation of and commentary upon Callimachus, commenced a version of the Iliad and began his translation of Lawrence Sterne's Sentimental Journey. He also took part in a failed memorandum intended to present a new model of unified Italian government to Napoleon.
In 1807, Foscolo wrote his Carme Dei sepolcri, which may be described as a sublime effort to seek refuge in the past from the misery of the present and the darkness of the future. The mighty dead are summoned from their tombs, as ages before they had been in the masterpieces of Greek oratory, to fight again the battles of their country. The inaugural lecture On the origin and duty of literature, delivered by Foscolo in January 1809 when appointed to the chair of Italian eloquence at Pavia, was conceived in the same spirit. In this lecture Foscolo urged his young countrymen to study literature, not in obedience to academic traditions, but in their relation to individual and national life and growth.
The sensation produced by this lecture had no slight share in provoking the decree of Napoleon by which the chair of national eloquence was abolished in all the Italian universities. Soon afterwards, Foscolo's tragedy of Ajax was presented, with little success, at Milan, and because of its supposed allusions to Napoleon, he was forced to move from Milan to Tuscany. The chief fruits of his stay in Florence are the tragedy of Ricciarda, the Ode to the Graces, left unfinished, and the completion of his version of the Sentimental Journey (1813). His version of Sterne is an important feature in his personal history.
When serving with the French he had been at the Boulogne camp, and had traversed much of the ground gone over by Yorick in Sterne's novel; and in his memoir of Didimo Cherico, to whom the version is ascribed, he throws much light on his own character. He returned to Milan in 1813, until the entry of the Austrians; from there he passed into Switzerland, where he wrote a fierce satire in Latin on his political and literary opponents; and finally he sought the shores of England at the close of 1816.
During the eleven years spent by Foscolo in London, until his death there, he enjoyed all the social distinction which the most brilliant circles of the English capital confer on foreigners of political and literary renown, and experienced all the misery which follows on a disregard of the first conditions of domestic economy. His contributions to the Edinburgh Review and Quarterly Review, his dissertations in Italian on the text of Dante and Boccaccio, and still more his English essays on Petrarch, of which the value was enhanced by Lady Dacre's admirable translations of some of Petrarch’s finest sonnets, heightened his previous fame as a man of letters. However, he was frequently accused of financial sloppiness, and ended up spending time in debtor's prison, which affected his social standing after his release.
His general bearing in society—as reported by Sir Walter Scott--had not been such as to gain and retain lasting friendships. He died at Turnham Green on 10 September 1827. Forty-four years after his death, on 7 June 1871, his remains were brought to Florence, and with all the pride, pomp and circumstance of a great national mourning, found their final resting-place beside the monuments of Machiavelli and Alfieri, of Michelangelo and Galileo, in the church of Santa Croce, the pantheon of Italian glory he had celebrated in Dei sepolcri. His tomb in the cemetery of St. Nicholas parish church, Chiswick, in West London has recently been restored, it refers to him as the "wearied citizen poet" and incorrectly states his age as 50.
As noted by historian Lucy Riall, the glorification of Ugo Foscolo in the 1870s was part of the effort of the Italian government of this time—successful in completing the Unification of Italy but at the cost of a head-in confrontation with the Catholic Church—to create a gallery of "secular saints" to compete with those of the Church and sway popular feeling in favor of the newly-created Italian state.[7] However, the quality of the work of Foscolo is undisputed.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. The article is available at encyclopedia.jrank.org.[8]
References in modern culture[link]
Ugo Foscolo is the subject of an award-winning composition, La fuga di Foscolo, written in 1986 by Italian composer Lorenzo Ferrero.
References[link]
- ^ Biography at Infotube
- ^ Ugo Foscolo: An Italian in Regency England, Vincent, Eric Reginald Pearce, 1894, University Press, p.106
- ^ The Chronicles of Fleetwood House, Adam John Shirren, 1977 Pacesetter Press, p.155
- ^ Introduction to Italian Poetry, Rebay, Luciano, Courier Dover Publications, p.97
- ^ Dictionary of Italian Literature, Bondanella, Julia Conaway, Peter E. Bondanella, Greenwood Press, p.215, ISBN 0-313-20421-7
- ^ The Australian Library Journal, 1951 Library Association of Australia, University of Michigan, p.179
- ^ Lucy Riall, Garibaldi : invention of a hero, Yale University Press, 2007, p.4
- ^ Encyclopedia.jrank.org
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ugo Foscolo |
- Works in Italian: Ugo Foscolo Project, IntraText Digital Library, Prose works, ed. Cian, Laterza, 1912-1920,
- Texts of Foscolo and chronology,
- Works in Italian: Cesare Angelini, "I giorni del Foscolo a Pavia" / "Days of Foscolo in Pavia"
Notes[link]
- ^ Biography at Infotube
- ^ Ugo Foscolo: An Italian in Regency England, Vincent, Eric Reginald Pearce, 1894, University Press, p.106
- ^ The Chronicles of Fleetwood House, Adam John Shirren, 1977 Pacesetter Press, p.155
- ^ Introduction to Italian Poetry, Rebay, Luciano, Courier Dover Publications, p.97
- ^ Dictionary of Italian Literature, Bondanella, Julia Conaway, Peter E. Bondanella, Greenwood Press, p.215, ISBN 0-313-20421-7
- ^ The Australian Library Journal, 1951 Library Association of Australia, University of Michigan, p.179
- ^ Lucy Riall, Garibaldi : invention of a hero, Yale University Press, 2007, p.4
- ^ Encyclopedia.jrank.org
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Foscolo, Ugo |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 6 February 1778 |
| Place of birth | Zakynthos, Greece1 |
| Date of death | 10 September 1827 |
| Place of death | Turnham Green |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Ugo Foscolo (Italian pronunciation: [ˈuɡo ˈfoskolo]; 6 February 1778 – 10 September 1827), born Niccolò Foscolo, was an Italian writer, revolutionary and poet.
Foscolo was born on the Ionian island of Zakynthos. His father was Andrea Foscolo, an impoverished Venetian nobleman, and his mother Diamantina Spathis was Greek.
In 1788, on the death of his father, who worked as a physician in Spalato, today Croatia (Split), the family removed to Venice, and at the University of Padua Foscolo completed the studies begun at the Dalmatian grammar school.
Amongst his Paduan teachers was the abbé Cesarotti, whose version of Ossian had made that work highly popular in Italy, and who influenced Foscolo's literary tastes; he knew both modern and Ancient Greek. His literary ambition revealed itself by the appearance in 1797 of his tragedy Tieste--a production which obtained a certain degree of success.
Foscolo, who, for causes not clearly explained, had changed his Christian name Niccolò to that of Ugo, now began to take an active part in the stormy political discussions which the fall of the republic of Venice had provoked. He was a prominent member of the national committees, and addressed an ode to Napoleon Bonaparte, expecting Napoleon to overthrow the Venetian oligarchy and create a free republic.
