CARGO is a Canadian cosmetics company founded in 1996 by Hana Zalzal. Based in Toronto, it is now a multimillion dollar company with makeup sold in five different countries. A signature of the brand is their oversize metal tins of lip gloss. The name CARGO comes from the idea that makeup is every woman's "cargo."

This article appears to be written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by rewriting promotional content from a neutral point of view and removing any inappropriate external links. (March 2008)

PlantLove[link]

A recent innovation from CARGO is their line of environmentally-friendly PlantLove Botanical Lipsticks. The lipstick cases are made from corn, which is a renewable resource and easily biodegradable, and the packaging is made from flower paper that can be planted as it is embedded with wildflower seeds. The lipstick itself contains no mineral oils or petroleums and is made of cymbidium orchids in a vegetable oil base with meadowfoam seed oil, mango seed oil, jojoba and shea butter.^[1]

Furthermore, two dollars from every lipstick purchase is donated to St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, and for every virtual flower planted on the PlantLove website, CARGO will make a donation to Conservation International.^[2] Five of the lipstick shades are designed by celebrities Evangeline Lilly, Sarah Chalke, Maria Menounos, Lindsay Lohan and Mariska Hargitay. The other six shades are "inspired by places of ecological beauty," including Canada, Japan, Ireland, the United States, the Mediterranean, and the Himalayan highlands.^[3]

References[link]

1. ^ Cargo Cosmetics
2. ^ Cargo PlantLove - Planting the seeds of change
3. ^ Cargo Cosmetics

External links[link]

• Official site
• Cargo PlantLove

Cargo being unloaded from a ship using a cargo net at Haikou New Port, Haikou City, Hainan, China

Cargo (or freight) is goods or produce transported, generally for commercial gain, by ship, aircraft,intermodal train, van or truck. In modern times, containers are used in most intermodal freight transpo long-haul cargo transport.

Transportation types[link]

Marine[link]

There is a wide range of maritime cargo handled at seaport terminals.

• Automobiles are handled at many ports and are usually carried on specialized roll-on/roll-off ships.
• Break bulk cargo is typically material stacked on pallets and lifted into and out of the hold of a vessel by cranes on the dock or aboard the ship itself. The volume of break bulk cargo has declined dramatically worldwide as containerization has grown. One way to secure break bulk and freight in intermodal containers is by using Dunnage Bags.
• Bulk cargo, such as salt, oil, tallow, and scrap metal, is usually defined as commodities that are neither on pallets nor in containers. Bulk cargoes are not handled as individual pieces, the way heavy-lift and project cargoes are. Alumina, grain, gypsum, logs and wood chips, for instance, are bulk cargoes.
• Neo-bulk cargo comprises individual units that are counted as they are loaded and unloaded, in contrast to bulk cargo that is not counted, but that are not containerized.^[1]
• Containers are the largest and fastest growing cargo category at most ports worldwide. Containerized cargo includes everything from auto parts, machinery and manufacturing components to shoes and toys to frozen meat and seafood.
• Project cargo and the heavy lift cargo include items like manufacturing equipment, air conditioners, factory components, generators, wind turbines, military equipment, and almost any other oversized or overweight cargo which is too big or too heavy to fit into a container.

Air[link]

Cargolux Boeing 747-400F with the nose loading door open

Air cargo, commonly known as air freight, is collected by firms from shippers and delivered to customers. Aircraft were first used for carrying mail as cargo in 1911. Eventually manufacturers started designing aircraft for other types of freight as well.

There are many commercial aircraft suitable for carrying cargo such as the Boeing 747 and the bigger An-124, which was purposely built for easy conversion into a cargo aircraft. Such large aircraft employ quick-loading containers known as Unit Load Devices (ULDs), much like containerized cargo ships. The ULDs are located in front section of the aircraft.

Most nations own and utilize large numbers of cargo aircraft such as the C-17 Globemaster III for airlift logistic needs.

Train[link]

A picture of a P&O Nedlloyd inter-modal freight well car at Banbury station in the year 2001

Trains are capable of transporting large numbers of containers that come from shipping ports. Trains are also used for the transportation of steel, wood and coal. They are used because they can carry a large amount and generally have a direct route to the destination. Under the right circumstances, freight transport by rail is more economic and energy efficient than by road, especially when carried in bulk or over long distances.

The main disadvantage of rail freight is its lack of flexibility. For this reason, rail has lost much of the freight business to road transport. Rail freight is often subject to transshipment costs, since it must be transferred from one mode of transportation to another. Practices such as containerization aim at minimizing these costs.

Many governments are currently trying to encourage shippers to use trains more often because of the environmental benefits.

Road[link]

Many firms, like Parcelforce, FedEx, R+L Carriers and u-haul transport all types of cargo by road. Delivering everything from letters to houses to cargo containers, these firms offer fast, sometimes same-day, delivery.

A good example of road cargo is food, as supermarkets require deliveries every day to keep their shelves stocked with goods. Retailers of all kinds rely upon delivery trucks, be they full size semi trucks or smaller delivery vans.

Shipment categories[link]

Freight is usually organized into various shipment categories before it is transported. An item's category is determined by:

• the type of item being carried. For example, a kettle could fit into the category 'household goods'.
• how large the shipment is, in terms of both item size and quantity.
• how long the item for delivery will be in transit.

Shipments are typically categorized as household goods, express, parcel, and freight shipments:

• Household goods (HHG) include furniture, art and similar items.

• Very small business or personal items like envelopes are considered overnight express or express letter shipments. These shipments are rarely over a few kilograms or pounds and almost always travel in the carrier’s own packaging. Express shipments almost always travel some distance by air. An envelope may go coast to coast in the United States overnight or it may take several days, depending on the service options and prices chosen by the shipper.

• Larger items like small boxes are considered parcels or ground shipments. These shipments are rarely over 50 kg (110 lb), with no single piece of the shipment weighing more than about 70 kg (154 lb). Parcel shipments are always boxed, sometimes in the shipper’s packaging and sometimes in carrier-provided packaging. Service levels are again variable but most ground shipments will move about 800 to 1,100 kilometres (497 to 684 mi) per day. Depending on the origin of the package, it can travel from coast to coast in the United States in about four days. Parcel shipments rarely travel by air and typically move via road and rail. Parcels represent the majority of business-to-consumer (B2C) shipments.

• Beyond HHG, express, and parcel shipments, movements are termed freight shipments.

Less-than-truckload freight[link]

Less than truckload (LTL) cargo is the first category of freight shipment, which represents the majority of freight shipments and the majority of business-to-business (B2B) shipments. LTL shipments are also often referred to as motor freight and the carriers involved are referred to as motor carriers.

LTL shipments range from 50 to 7,000 kg (110 to 15,000 lb), being less than 2.5 to 8.5 m (8 ft 2.4 in to 27 ft 10.6 in) the majority of times. The average single piece of LTL freight is 600 kg (1,323 lb) and the size of a standard pallet. Long freight and/or large freight are subject to extreme length and cubic capacity surcharges.

Trailers used in LTL can range from 28 to 53 ft (8.53 to 16.15 m). The standard for city deliveries is usually 48 ft (14.63 m). In tight and residential environments the 28 ft (8.53 m) trailer is used the most.

The shipments are usually palletized, stretch [shrink]-wrapped and packaged for a mixed-freight environment. Unlike express or parcel, LTL shippers must provide their own packaging, as carriers do not provide any packaging supplies or assistance. However, circumstances may require crating or other substantial packaging.

Air freight[link]

Air freight shipments are very similar to LTL shipments in terms of size and packaging requirements. However, air freight or air cargo shipments typically need to move at much faster speeds than 800 km or 497 mi per day. Air shipments may be booked directly with the carriers, through brokers or with online marketplace services. While shipments move faster than standard LTL, air shipments don’t always actually move by air.

Truckload freight[link]

In the United States, shipments larger than about 7,000 kg (15,432 lb) are typically classified as truckload (TL) freight. This is because it is more efficient and economical for a large shipment to have exclusive use of one larger trailer rather than share space on a smaller LTL trailer.

The total weight of a loaded truck (tractor and trailer, 5-axle rig) cannot exceed 36,000 kg (79,366 lb) in the United States{fact}. In ordinary circumstances, long-haul equipment will weigh about 15,000 kg (33,069 lb), leaving about 20,000 kg (44,092 lb) of freight capacity. Similarly a load is limited to the space available in the trailer, normally 48 ft (14.63 m) or 53 ft (16.15 m) long, 2.6 m (102.4 in) wide, 2.7 m (8 ft 10.3 in) high and 13 ft 6 in/4.11 m high over all.

While express, parcel and LTL shipments are always intermingled with other shipments on a single piece of equipment and are typically reloaded across multiple pieces of equipment during their transport, TL shipments usually travel as the only shipment on a trailer. In fact, TL shipments usually deliver on exactly the same trailer as they are picked up on.

Shipping costs[link]

Often, an LTL shipper may realize savings by utilizing a freight broker, online marketplace or other intermediary, instead of contracting directly with a trucking company. Brokers can shop the marketplace and obtain lower rates than most smaller shippers can obtain directly. In the LTL marketplace, intermediaries typically receive 50% to 80% discounts from published rates, where a small shipper may only be offered a 5% to 30% discount by the carrier. Intermediaries are licensed by the DOT and have requirements to provide proof of insurance.

Truckload (TL) carriers usually charge a rate per kilometre or mile. The rate varies depending on the distance, geographic location of the delivery, items being shipped, equipment type required, and service times required. TL shipments usually receive a variety of surcharges very similar to those described for LTL shipments above. In the TL market, there are thousands more small carriers than in the LTL market. Therefore, the use of transportation intermediaries or brokers is extremely common.

Another cost-saving method is facilitating pickups or deliveries at the carrier’s terminals. By doing this, shippers avoid any accessorial fees that might normally be charged for liftgate, residential pickup/delivery, inside pickup/delivery, or notifications/appointments. Carriers or intermediaries can provide shippers with the address and phone number for the closest shipping terminal to the origin and/or destination.

Shipping experts optimize their service and costs by sampling rates from several carriers, brokers and online marketplaces. When obtaining rates from different providers, shippers may find quite a wide range in the pricing offered. If a shipper uses a broker, freight forwarder or other transportation intermediary, it is common for the shipper to receive a copy of the carrier's Federal Operating Authority. Freight brokers and intermediaries are also required by Federal Law to be licensed by the Federal Highway Administration. Experienced shippers avoid unlicensed brokers and forwarders because if brokers are working outside the law by not having a Federal Operating License, the shipper has no protection in the event of a problem. Also, shippers normally ask for a copy of the broker's insurance certificate and any specific insurance that applies to the shipment.

Security concerns[link]

Governments are very concerned with the shipment of cargo, as it may bring security risks to a country. Therefore, many governments have enacted rules and regulations, administered by a customs agency, to the handling of cargo to minimize risks of terrorism and other crime. Of particular concern is cargo entering through a country's borders.

The United States has been one of the leaders in securing cargo. They see cargo as a concern to national security. After the terrorist attacks of September 11th, the security of this magnitude of cargo has become highlighted on the over 6 million cargo containers enter the United States ports each year.^[2] The latest US Government response to this threat is the CSI: Container Security Initiative. CSI is a program intended to help increase security for containerized cargo shipped to the United States from around the world.^[3]

Stabilization[link]

There are many different ways and materials available to stabilize and secure cargo in the various modes of transportation. Conventional load securing methods and materials such as steel strapping and plastic/wood blocking & bracing have been used for decades and are still widely used. Present load securing methods offer several other options including polyester strapping and lashing, synthetic webbings and dunnage bags, also known as air bags or inflatable bags.

See also[link]

References[link]

1. ^ CambridgeSystematics 1998, pp. 79.
2. ^ Murray Unveils First-in-the-Nation Port Security Demonstration
3. ^ CSI: Container Security Initiative

Reference bibliography[link]

• * Cambridge Systematics (1998). Multimodal corridor and capacity analysis manual. Transportation Research Board. ISBN 978-0-309-06072-1. 

External links[link]

Look up cargo in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• The Gallery of Transport Loss -- Photos & Lessons of Disaster

This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reason has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can; the talk page may contain suggestions. (July 2010)

Victoria Stiles
Victoria Stiles Makeup Artist
Background information
Born	(1978-10-03) October 3, 1978 (age 33), Virginia
Occupations	make-up artist
Website	www.victoriastiles.com

Victoria Stiles (born Victoria "Vicki" Malak on October 3, 1978 in Fairfax, Virginia)^[1] is a Washington, D.C. makeup artist,^[2] who works internationally.^[3]

Overview[link]

Victoria Stiles is recognized for her editorial makeup work in national publications such as Glamour, O: The Oprah Magazine, Vogue, and People Magazine and with celebrities Roberta Flack, Gary Sinise, Olivia Thirlby, and Emmitt Smith.^[4] Internationally, Stiles provided makeup for Jazz musician Melody Gardot's album with Verve Music Group, My One and Only Thrill^[5] and regards her work in Paris, France with Gardot a highlight of her makeup artistry career.^[6]

Biography[link]

Early life[link]

Victoria Stiles started experimenting with cosmetics at a young age. She was inspired by fashion magazines and would play with makeup in her bathroom, attempting different styles of application. A high school friend's mother, who died from breast cancer.,^[3] noticed Stiles' talent and urged her to pursue a career as a makeup artist.^[6]

Career[link]

While attending college at George Mason University,^[6] Stiles was offered part-time employment with MAC Cosmetics, owned by the Estee Lauder Companies.^[6] Under contract with MAC Cosmetics, Stiles worked on concert productions for Cher and Missy Elliott. Although successful in her position with the company, Stiles sought more out of her career. In 2004, Stiles quit work with MAC Cosmetics to start a career as a freelance makeup artist^[6] and, shortly thereafter, connected with a Washington, DC photographer who steered her towards makeup for weddings and events.^[7]

Through networking and determination, she gained representation with T.H.E. Artist Agency,^[7][8] an agency representing artists in Washington, DC and owned by one of Bravo (US TV channel) The Real Housewives of Washington, D.C. cast member, Lynda Erkiletian.^[9] She began work on fashion spreads for local D.C. publications such as The Washington Post Express and Washingtonian Magazine.^[7] Washingtonian profiled Stiles in an article naming her one of Washington, D.C.'s "good makeup artists".^[10]

Over time, Stiles' credits grew to include production work as, in 2008, she was hired as the key artist for actor Gary Sinise in the notable 9/11 documentary, A Nation Remembers: The Story of the Pentagon Memorial^[1] and, during the inauguration of Barack Obama, Stiles was cast as key artist for the live broadcast of Inside Edition with Deborah Norville. The live broadcast took place on the rooftop of the Fox News building in Northeast Washington, D.C. overlooking the United States Capitol.^[11]

Her goal to work with the fashion industry was achieved in the spring of 2009 as she started working seasonally for New York Fashion Week designers at Bryant Park, including Rad Hourani and Alexandre Herchcovitch.^[12] Rad Hourani's key makeup artist, Hung Vanngo, mentored Stiles with his technique of making a dramatic statement with minimal makeup.^[6]

Philanthropy[link]

Makeovers For The Cure[link]

In 1999, Stiles, and other makeup artists across the United States, engaged in a book deal with a publishing company which claimed a portion of funds from book sales would go to Stand Up 2 Cancer and Fran Drescher's fund, Cancer Schmancer, both 501(3)(c) charities. The publishing company was ruled fraudulent and the charities never received their donation. Stiles organized a team of makeup artists and created the event Makeovers For The Cure to help recoup donations for Cancer Schmancer and Stand Up 2 Cancer. A notable attendee of Makeovers For The Cure, The Real Housewives of Washington, D.C. cast member, Mary Schmidt Amons, announced her collaboration with Fran Drescher and Cancer Schmancer.^[13]

Creation of Memento Lip Tar[link]

The Tesla Group, a marketing firm based in New York City, selected Stiles to be the Key Makeup Artist for designer Laila Azhar for the 2nd annual A.E.R. Walk With Style Event on April 1, 2010, benefiting CancerCare.^[14] Stiles partnered with David Klasfeld, owner and creator of Obsessive Compulsive Cosmetics, to create a special Lip Tar shade for the show. Proceeds from sales of the Lip Tar, named Memento, benefited the CancerCare organization.^[15]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Victoria Stiles at The Internet Fashion Database