- published: 16 Nov 2010
- views: 6640
- author: bhutanjapan
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Abkhazia
Abkhazia (Abkhaz: Аҧсны́ Apsny, IPA /apʰsˈnɨ/; Georgian: აფხაზეთი Apkhazeti; Russian: Абхазия Abkhaziya) is a disputed territory on the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus.
Abkhazia considers itself an independent state, called the Republic of Abkhazia or Apsny. This status is recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Nauru, Tuvalu and Vanuatu and also by the partially recognised states of South Ossetia, Transnistria and Nagorno-Karabakh.
The Georgian government and the majority of the world's governments consider Abkhazia a part of Georgia's territory. Under Georgia's official designation it is an autonomous republic, called the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia, whose government sits in exile in Tbilisi. On 28 August 2008, the Parliament of Georgia passed a resolution declaring Abkhazia a "Russian-occupied territory".
The status of Abkhazia is a central issue of the Georgian–Abkhazian conflict. The wider region formed part of the Soviet Union until 1991. As the Soviet Union began to disintegrate towards the end of the 1980s, ethnic tensions grew between Abkhaz and Georgians over Georgia's moves towards independence. This led to the 1992–1993 War in Abkhazia that resulted in a Georgian military defeat, de facto independence of Abkhazia and the mass exodus and ethnic cleansing of the Georgian population from Abkhazia. In spite of the 1994 ceasefire agreement and years of negotiations, the status dispute has not been resolved, and despite the long-term presence of a United Nations monitoring force and a Russian-dominated Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) peacekeeping operation, the conflict has flared up on several occasions. In August 2008, the sides again fought during the South Ossetia War, which was followed by the formal recognition of Abkhazia by Russia, the annulment of the 1994 cease fire agreement and the termination of the UN and CIS missions.[citation needed]
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Afghanistan
Afghanistan
i/æfˈɡænɨstæn/ (Persian/Pashto: افغانستان, Afġānistān), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming part of South Asia, Central Asia, and Greater Middle East, it is also considered to be part of a broader West Asia. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of 647,500 km2 (250,001 sq mi), making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and the east, Iran in the west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the north, and China in the far northeast.
Afghanistan has been an ancient focal point of the Silk Road and human migration. Archaeologists have found evidence of human habitation from as far back as 50,000 BC. Urban civilization may have begun in the area as early as 3,000 to 2,000 BC. Sitting at an important geostrategic location that connects the Middle East with Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent, the land has been home to various peoples through the ages and witnessed many military campaigns, notably by Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan, and in modern era Western forces. The land also served as a source from which the Greco-Bactrians, Kushans, Saffarids, Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Timurids, Mughals and many others have risen to form major empires.
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Andorra
Andorra (i/ænˈdɔrə/; Catalan pronunciation: [ənˈdorə], locally: [anˈdɔra]), officially the Principality of Andorra (Catalan: Principat d'Andorra), also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra, (Catalan: Principat de les Valls d'Andorra), is a small landlocked country in southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France. It is the sixth smallest nation in Europe having an area of 468 km2 (181 sq mi) and an estimated population of 84,082 in 2009. Its capital, Andorra la Vella, is the highest capital city in Europe, at an elevation of 1,023 metres (3,356 ft) above sea level. The official language is Catalan, although Spanish, Portuguese, and French are also commonly spoken.
The Principality was formed in 1278. The role of monarch is exercised jointly by the two co-princes, the Catalan Bishop of Urgell and the President of France (the whole state is a part of Diocese of Urgell).
Andorra is a prosperous country mainly because of its tourism industry, which services an estimated 10.2 million visitors annually, and also because of its status as a tax haven. It is not a member of the European Union, but the euro is the de facto currency. The people of Andorra have the 4th highest human life expectancy in the world — 82 years at birth.
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Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda (i/ænˈtiːɡə ænd bɑrˈbjuːdə/; Spanish for "ancient" and "bearded") is a twin-island nation lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It consists of two major inhabited islands, Antigua and Barbuda, and a number of smaller islands (including Great Bird, Green, Guinea, Long, Maiden and York Islands and further south, the island of Redonda). The permanent population number approximately 81,800 (at the 2011 Census) and the capital and largest port and city is St. John's, on Antigua.
Separated by a few nautical miles, Antigua and Barbuda are in the middle of the Leeward Islands, part of the Lesser Antilles, roughly at 17 degrees north of the Equator. The country is nicknamed "Land of 365 Beaches" due to the many beaches surrounding the islands. Its governance, language, and culture have all been strongly influenced by the British Empire, of which the country was formerly a part.
Antigua was first settled by Archaic Age hunter-gatherer Amerindians, erroneously referred to as Siboney or Ciboney.Carbon-dating has established that the earliest settlements started around 3100 BC. They were succeeded by the Ceramic Age pre-Columbian Arawak-speaking Saladoid people who migrated from the lower Orinoco River.
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Armenia
Armeniai/ɑrˈmiːniə/ (Armenian: Հայաստան Hayastan [hɑjɑsˈtɑn]), officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն, Hayastani Hanrapetut’yun, [hɑjɑstɑˈni hɑnɾɑpɛtuˈtʰjun]), is a landlocked, mountainous country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, the de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the south.
A former republic of the Soviet Union, Armenia is a unitary, multiparty, democratic nation-state with an ancient and historic cultural heritage. The Kingdom of Armenia became the first state in the world to adopt Christianity as its religion, in the early years of the 4th century (the traditional date is 301 AD). The modern Republic of Armenia recognizes the Armenian Apostolic Church, the world's oldest national church, as the country's primary religious establishment. Armenians have their own unique alphabet invented by Mesrob Mashtots in 406 AD.
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Assam
Assam /əˈsæm/ (Assamese: অসম) also, rarely, Assam Valley and formerly the Assam Province (British India), is a northeastern state of India and is one of the most culturally and geographically distinct regions of the country[citation needed]. Assam was one of the original provinces of the British ruled Indian sub-continent and among the original provinces of present day India, having a legislature that dates back to 1937. However, present day Assam has undergone numerous territory alignment changes, with its state map being altered more than any other province's. Known for exquisite natural resources, geography and its important role in India's freedom struggle; Assam has its capital as Dispur, an especialized city circuit region located on the outskirts of its largest metropolis, Guwahati.
Assam is particularly famous for its natural beauty. The landscape includes tea gardens, the river Brahmaputra, and many historical monuments and temples. Swami Vivekananda once said that, "next only to Kashmir, Assam is the most beautiful place in India" A state with an abundance of forest, Assam also has five national parks, around half a dozen other wildlife sanctuaries, and is home to two-thirds of the population of the unique one-horned rhino. When it comes to wildlife, Assam too has successfully conserved the one-horned Indian rhinoceros from near extinction, along with the tiger and numerous species of birds, and it provides one of the last wild habitats for the Asian elephant. It is becoming an increasingly popular destination for wildlife tourism, and Kaziranga and Manas are both World Heritage Sites.
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Australia
Australia (
/əˈstreɪljə/), officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent as well as the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north; the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east.
For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of roughly 250 language groups. After discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades; the continent was explored and an additional five self-governing Crown Colonies were established.
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Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan (
i/ˌæzərbaɪˈdʒɑːn/ AZ-ər-by-JAHN; Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikası) is the largest country in the Caucasus region located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to the south. The exclave of Nakhchivan is bounded by Armenia to the north and east, Iran to the south and west, while having a short borderline with Turkey to the northwest.
Azerbaijan has an ancient and historic cultural heritage. Aside from having been the first Muslim-majority country to have operas, theater and plays, Azerbaijan today is among the Muslim-majority countries where support for secularism and tolerance is the highest. The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, the first democratic and secular republic in the Muslim world, was established in 1918, but was incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1920. Azerbaijan regained independence in 1991. Shortly thereafter, during the Nagorno-Karabakh War, neighboring Armenia occupied Nagorno-Karabakh, its surrounding territories and the enclaves of Karki, Yukhary Askipara, Barkhudarly and Sofulu. The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, which emerged in Nagorno-Karabakh, continues to be not diplomatically recognized by any nation and the region is still considered a de jure part of Azerbaijan, despite being de facto independent since the end of the war. Azerbaijan has come under repeated international criticism for its record on human rights.
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Bahrain
Bahrain ( pronunciation) (Arabic: البحرين, al-Baḥrayn) (Persian: بحرين, Baḥrain), officially the Kingdom of Bahrain (Arabic: مملكة البحرين, Mamlakat al-Baḥrayn), is a small island state near the western shores of the Persian Gulf. It is ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family. The population in 2010 stood at 1,234,571, including 666,172 non-nationals. Formerly an emirate, Bahrain was declared a kingdom in 2002.
Bahrain is an archipelago of 33 islands, the largest being Bahrain Island, at 55 km (34 mi) long by 18 km (11 mi) wide. Saudi Arabia lies to the west and is connected to Bahrain by the King Fahd Causeway. The peninsula of Qatar is to the southeast across the Gulf of Bahrain. The planned Qatar Bahrain Causeway will link Bahrain and Qatar and become the world's longest marine causeway.
Known for its oil and pearls, Bahrain is also home to many large structures, including the Bahrain World Trade Center and the Bahrain Financial Harbour, with a proposal in place to build the 1,022 m (3,353 ft) high Murjan Tower. The Qal'at al-Bahrain (the harbour and capital of the ancient land of Dilmun) was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005. The Bahrain Formula One Grand Prix takes place at the Bahrain International Circuit.
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Bangladesh
Coordinates: 23°N 90°E / 23°N 90°E / 23; 90
Bangladesh (i/ˈbɑːŋɡlədɛʃ/ or i/bæŋɡləˈdɛʃ/ (Anglicized pronunciation); Bengali: বাংলাদেশ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (Bengali: গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ Gônoprojatontri Bangladesh) is a sovereign state located in South Asia. It is bordered by India and Burma and by the Bay of Bengal to the south. The capital (and largest city) is Dhaka, located in central Bangladesh. The official state language is Bengali. The name Bangladesh means "Land of Bengal" or "Country of Bengal" the in the Bengali language, from Bangla "Bengal" and desh holding a dual meaning of "land" and "country" as English "country," German land, French pays, etc.
The borders of present-day Bangladesh were established with the partition of Bengal during the reign and demise of the British India. Its map was chartered by Sir Cyril Radcliffe during the creation of Pakistan and India in 1947, when the region became East Pakistan, part of the newly formed nation of Pakistan. Due to political exclusion and economic exploitation by the politically dominant West Pakistan, popular agitation grew against West Pakistan and led to the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, after the Bangladeshi Declaration of Independence on 26 March 1971. With the intervention of the Indian Army, the war came to an end on 16 December 1971 with the surrender of the Pakistan Army at Ramna Race Course.
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Barbados
Coordinates: 13°10′N 59°33′W / 13.167°N 59.55°W / 13.167; -59.55
Barbados (i/bɑrˈbeɪdɒs/ or /bɑrˈbeɪdoʊs/) is a sovereign island country in the Lesser Antilles. It is 34 kilometres (21 mi) in length and up to 23 kilometres (14 mi) in width, covering an area of 431 square kilometres (166 sq mi). It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic and 100 kilometres (62 mi) east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea; therein, it is about 168 kilometres (104 mi) east of the islands of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and 400 kilometres (250 mi) north-east of Trinidad and Tobago. Barbados is outside of the principal Atlantic hurricane belt.
Barbados was initially visited by the Spanish around the late 1400s to early 1500s and first appears on a Spanish map from 1511. The Spanish explorers may have plundered the island of whatever native peoples resided therein to become slaves. The Portuguese visited in 1536, but they too left it unclaimed, with their only remnants being an introduction of wild hogs for a good supply of meat whenever the island was visited. The first English ship, the Olive Blossom, arrived in Barbados in 1624. They took possession of it in the name of the British king James I. Two years later in 1627 the first permanent settlers arrived from England and it became an English and later British colony.
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Belgium
Belgium (i/ˈbɛldʒəm/ BEL-jəm), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of 30,528 square kilometres (11,787 sq mi), and it has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups, the Dutch-speakers, mostly Flemish (about 60%), and the French-speakers, mostly Walloons (about 40%), plus a small group of German-speakers. Belgium's two largest regions are the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia. The Brussels-Capital Region, officially bilingual, is a mostly French-speaking enclave within the Flemish Region. A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in the political history and a complex system of government.
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Belize
Belizei/bəˈliːz/ (formerly British Honduras) is a country located on the north eastern coast of Central America and it is the only country in the area where English is the official language, although Kriol and Spanish are more commonly spoken. Belize is bordered to the north by Mexico, south and west by Guatemala, and to the east by the Caribbean Sea. Its mainland is about 290 kilometres (180 mi) long and 110 kilometres (68 mi) wide.
With 22,960 square kilometres (8,860 sq mi) of land and a population of only 333,200 inhabitants (2010 est.), Belize possesses the lowest population density in Central America. The country's population growth rate of 2.21% (2008 est.), however, is the highest in the region and one of the highest in the western hemisphere. Belize's abundance of terrestrial and marine species, and its diversity of ecosystems give it a key place within the globally significant Mesoamerican Biological Corridor.
Belize has a diverse society, comprising many cultures and languages and it is the only nation in the region with a British colonial heritage but as a part of the Western Caribbean Zone, it also shares a common heritage with the Caribbean portions of other Central American countries. In general, Belize is considered to be a Central American nation with strong ties to both the Caribbean and Latin America. Belize is a member of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC), and Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana (SICA).
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Bengal
Bengal (Bengali: বাংলা Bangla (help·info), Bengali: বঙ্গ Bôngo, Bengali: বঙ্গদেশ Bôngodesh, or Bengali: বাংলাদেশ Bangladesh) is a historical and geographical region in the northeast region of the Indian Subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal. Today, it is mainly divided between the sovereign land of People's Republic of Bangladesh (previously East Bengal / East Pakistan) and the Indian state of West Bengal, although some regions of the previous kingdoms of Bengal (during local monarchical regimes and British rule) are now part of the neighboring Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Assam, Tripura and Orissa. The majority of Bengal is inhabited by Bengali people (বাঙালি Bangali) who speak the Bengali language (বাংলা Bangla).
The region of Bengal is one of the most densely populated regions on earth, with a population density exceeding 900/km². Most of the Bengal region lies in the low-lying Ganges–Brahmaputra River Delta or Ganges Delta, the world's largest delta. In the southern part of the delta lies the Sundarbans—the world's largest mangrove forest and home of the Bengal tiger. Though the population of the region is mostly rural and agrarian, two megacities, Kolkata (previously Calcutta) and Dhaka (previously Dacca), are located in Bengal. The Bengal region is renowned for its rich literary and cultural heritage as well as its immense contribution to the socio-cultural uplift of Indian society in the form of the Bengal Renaissance, and revolutionary activities during the Indian independence movement.
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Bhutan
Coordinates: 27°25′01″N 90°26′06″E / 27.417°N 90.435°E / 27.417; 90.435
Bhutan (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་ཡུལ་, tr ʼbrug-yul, "Druk Yul"; Devanagari भूटान, Bhūṭān), officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked state in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalayas and bordered to the south, east and west by the Republic of India and to the north by the People's Republic of China. Bhutan is separated from the nearby country of Nepal to the west by the Indian state of Sikkim, and from Bangladesh to the south by the Indian states of Assam and West Bengal.
Bhutan existed as a patchwork of minor warring fiefdoms until the early 17th century, when the area was unified by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, who fled religious persecution in Tibet and cultivated a separate Bhutanese identity. In the early 20th century, Bhutan came into contact with the British Empire, after which Bhutan continued strong bilateral relations with India upon its independence. In 2006, Business Week rated Bhutan the happiest country in Asia and the eighth-happiest in the world, based on a global survey.
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Brazil
Brazili/brəˈzɪl/ (Portuguese: Brasil, IPA: [bɾaˈziw]), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, listen (help·info)), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 km (4,655 mi). It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas region of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay. Numerous archipelagos form part of Brazilian territory, such as Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, and Trindade and Martim Vaz. It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile.
Brazil was a colony of Portugal from the landing of Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500 until 1815, when it was elevated to the rank of kingdom and the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was formed. The colonial bond was in fact broken in 1808, when the capital of the Portuguese colonial empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, after Napoleon invaded Portugal.Independence was achieved in 1822 with the formation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. The country became a presidential republic in 1889, when a military coup d'état proclaimed the Republic, although the bicameral legislature, now called Congress, dates back to the ratification of the first constitution in 1824. Its current Constitution, formulated in 1988, defines Brazil as a Federal Republic. The Federation is formed by the union of the Federal District, the 26 States, and the 5,564 Municipalities.
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British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height, it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1922 the British Empire held sway over about 458 million people, one-fifth of the world's population at the time, and covered more than 33,700,000 km2 (13,012,000 sq mi), almost a quarter of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its political, linguistic and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, it was often said that "the sun never sets on the British Empire" because its span across the globe ensured that the sun was always shining on at least one of its numerous territories.
During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires generated, England, France and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of their own in the Americas and Asia. A series of wars in the 17th and 18th centuries with the Netherlands and France left England (and then, following union between England and Scotland in 1707, Great Britain) the dominant colonial power in North America and India. The loss of the Thirteen Colonies in North America in 1783 after a war of independence deprived Britain of some of its oldest and most populous colonies.
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Brunei
Bruneii/bruːˈnaɪ/, officially the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace (Malay: Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi: نڬارا بروني دارالسلام), is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo, in Southeast Asia. Apart from its coastline with the South China Sea, it is completely surrounded by the state of Sarawak, Malaysia, and it is separated into two parts by the Sarawak district of Limbang. It is the only sovereign state completely on the island of Borneo, with the remainder of the island belonging to Malaysia and Indonesia. Brunei's population was 401,890 in July 2011.
The official national history claims that Brunei can trace its beginnings to the 7th century, when it was a subject state of the Srivijayan empire under the name P'o-li. It later became a vassal state of Majapahit empire before converting to Islam in the 15th century. At the peak of its empire, the sultanate had control that extended over the coastal regions of modern-day Sarawak and Sabah, the Sulu archipelago, and the islands off the northwest tip of Borneo. The thalassocracy was visited by Ferdinand Magellan in 1521 and fought the Castille War in 1578 against Spain. Its empire began to decline with the forced ceding of Sarawak to James Brooke and the ceding of Sabah to the British North Borneo Chartered Company. After the loss of Limbang, Brunei finally became a British protectorate in 1888, receiving a resident in 1906. In the years after the Japanese wartime occupation during World War II, it formalised a constitution and fought an armed rebellion. Brunei regained its independence from the United Kingdom on 1 January 1984. Economic growth during the 1970s and 1990s, averaging 56% from 1999 to 2008, has transformed Brunei Darussalam into a newly industrialised country.
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Bumthang District
Coordinates: 27°45′N 90°40′E / 27.75°N 90.667°E / 27.75; 90.667
Bumthang District (Dzongkha: བུམ་ཐང་རྫོང་ཁག་; Wylie: Bum-thang rzong-khag) is one of the 20 dzongkhag (districts) comprising Bhutan. It is the most historic dzongkhag if the number of ancient temples and sacred sites is counted. Bumthang consists of the four mountain valleys of Ura, Chumey, Tang and Choekhor ("Bumthang"), although occasionally the entire district is referred to as Bumthang valley.
"Bumthang" directly translates as "beautiful field" – "thang" means field or flat place, and "bum" is said be an abbreviation of either "bumpa" (a vessel for holy water, thus describing the shape and nature of the valley), or simply "bum" ("girl," indicating this is the valley of beautiful girls).
"Bumthang" name came after construction of Jambay Lhakhang, which was constructed in landscape of Bumpa (Vessel)shape. So there after people name the place as "Bumthang"
Bumthang farms yield buckwheat, dairy products, honey,apples, potato,rice,and woolen products and many other products. regarding the economy bumthjang is reach in producing wheat ande buck wheat.
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Burma
Burmai/ˈbɜrmə/ BUR-mə, also known as Myanmar i/ˌmjɑːnˈmɑr/ MYAHN--MAR, is a country in South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is bordered by India, Bangladesh, China, Laos and Thailand. One-third of Burma's total perimeter of 1,930 kilometres (1,200 mi) forms an uninterrupted coastline along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. At 676,578 km2 (261,227 sq mi), it is the 40th largest country in the world and the second largest country in Southeast Asia. Burma is also the 24th most populous country in the world with over 60.28 million people.
Burma is home to some of the early civilizations of Southeast Asia including the Pyu and the Mon. In the 9th century, the Burmans of the Kingdom of Nanzhao, entered the upper Irrawaddy valley and, following the establishment of the Pagan Empire in the 1050s, the Burmese language and culture slowly became dominant in the country. During this period, Theravada Buddhism gradually became the predominant religion of the country. The Pagan Empire fell due to the Mongol invasions (1277–1301), and several warring states emerged. In the second half of the 16th century, the country was reunified by the Taungoo Dynasty which for a brief period was the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia. The early 19th century Konbaung Dynasty ruled over an area that included modern Burma as well as Manipur and Assam. The country was colonized by Britain following three Anglo-Burmese Wars (1824–1885).
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Cambodia
Cambodia (i/kæmˈboʊdiə/;Khmer: ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា, Kampuchea, IPA: [kɑmˈpuˈciə]), officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With a total landmass of 181,035 square kilometres (69,898 sq mi), it is bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east, and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest.
With a population of over 14.8 million, Cambodia is the 68th most populous country in the world. The official religion is Theravada Buddhism, which is practiced by around 95% of the Cambodian population. The country minority groups include Vietnamese, Chinese, Chams and 30 various hill tribes. The capital and largest city is Phnom Penh; the political, economic, and cultural center of Cambodia. The kingdom is a constitutional monarchy with Norodom Sihamoni, a monarch chosen by the Royal Throne Council, as head of state. The head of government is Hun Sen, who is currently the longest serving leader in South East Asia and has ruled Cambodia for over 25 years.
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Canada
Canada ( /ˈkænədə/) is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Spanning over 9,900,000 km2 (3,800,000 sq mi), Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the longest land border in the world.
The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonial expeditions explored, and later settled, along the region's Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy; the Canada Act 1982 severed the vestiges of legal dependence on Britain.
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China
China (i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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Christmas Island
Coordinates: 10°29′S 105°38′E / 10.483°S 105.633°E / -10.483; 105.633 The Territory of Christmas Island is a territory of Australia in the Indian Ocean. It is 2,600 kilometres (1,600 mi) northwest of the Western Australian city of Perth, 360 km (220 mi) south of the Indonesian capital, Jakarta, 975 km (606 mi) ENE of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and 2,748 km (1,708 mi) west of the Territorian city of Darwin.
Christmas Island has a population of 1,403 residents who live in a number of "settlement areas" on the northern tip of the island: Flying Fish Cove (also known as Kampong), Silver City, Poon Saan, and Drumsite.
The island’s geographic isolation and history of minimal human disturbance has led to a high level of endemism among its flora and fauna, which is of significant interest to scientists and naturalists. 63% of its 135 square kilometres (52 sq mi) is an Australian national park. There exist large areas of primary monsoonal forest.
Phosphate, deposited originally as dead marine organisms (not guano as often thought), has been mined on the island for many years.
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Chukha
Coordinates: 27°0′N 89°30′E / 27°N 89.5°E / 27; 89.5
Chukha District (Dzongkhag: ཆུ་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག་; Wylie: Chu-kha rdzong-khag; also spelled "Chhukha") is one of the 20 dzongkhag (districts) comprising Bhutan. The major town is Phuentsholing which is the gateway city along the sole road which connects India to western Bhutan (cf. Lateral Road). Chukha is the commercial and the financial capital of Bhutan. With Bhutan's oldest hydropower plant, Chukha hydel (completed in 1986-88), and Tala Hydroelectricity Project, the country's largest power plant, Chukha is the dzongkhag which contributes the most to the GDP of the country. Also located in Chukha district are some of the country's oldest industrial companies like the Bhutan Carbide Chemical Limited (BCCL) and the Bhutan Boards Products Limited (BBPL).
In Chukha, the main native languages are Dzongkha, the national language spoken by Ngalop people in the north, and Nepali in the south. The Bhutanese Lhokpu language, spoken by the Lhop minority, is also present in the southwest along the border with Samtse District.
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Chukha District
Coordinates: 27°0′N 89°30′E / 27°N 89.5°E / 27; 89.5
Chukha District (Dzongkhag: ཆུ་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག་; Wylie: Chu-kha rdzong-khag; also spelled "Chhukha") is one of the 20 dzongkhag (districts) comprising Bhutan. The major town is Phuentsholing which is the gateway city along the sole road which connects India to western Bhutan (cf. Lateral Road). Chukha is the commercial and the financial capital of Bhutan. With Bhutan's oldest hydropower plant, Chukha hydel (completed in 1986-88), and Tala Hydroelectricity Project, the country's largest power plant, Chukha is the dzongkhag which contributes the most to the GDP of the country. Also located in Chukha district are some of the country's oldest industrial companies like the Bhutan Carbide Chemical Limited (BCCL) and the Bhutan Boards Products Limited (BBPL).
In Chukha, the main native languages are Dzongkha, the national language spoken by Ngalop people in the north, and Nepali in the south. The Bhutanese Lhokpu language, spoken by the Lhop minority, is also present in the southwest along the border with Samtse District.
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Cooch Behar district
Cooch Behar district (Bengali: কোচবিহার জেলা, Rajbongshi/Kamatapuri : কোচবিহার) is a district of the state of West Bengal, India, as well as the district's namesake town. During the British Raj, the town of Cooch Behar was the seat of a princely state of Koch Bihar, ruled by the Koch dynasty.
As of 2011 it is the third least populous district of West Bengal (out of 19), after Dakshin Dinajpur and Darjeeling.
The name "Cooch-Behar" is derived from the name of the Koch Rajbongshi tribe that is indigenous to this area. The word "Behar" is the Sanskrit word "Bihar" (to travel) which means the land through which the "Koch Rajbongshi" Kings used to travel or roam about ("Bihar").
The greatest Koch Rajbongshi King that has ever ruled in the Kingdom of Kamatapur is Maharaj Naranarayan, as well as his younger brother Prince Chilaray and other descendents. Historic Kamatapur comprises the total North Bengal maximum parts of Assam, some parts of present Bangladesh, Kishanganj district of Bihar and a few parts of Bhutan. The Koch-Rajbongshi community is demanding a separate state of their own comprising the parts of their old Kingdom to save their centuries-old culture from extinction.
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Cyprus
Cyprusi/ˈsaɪprəs/ (Greek: Κύπρος, Kýpros, IPA: [ˈcipɾos]; Turkish: Kıbrıs, IPA: [ˈkɯbɾɯs]), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Greek: Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία, Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía, IPA: [cipɾiaˈci ðimokɾaˈtia]; Turkish: Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti, IPA: [ˈkɯbɾɯs dʒumhuɾijeˈti]), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria, Lebanon, northwest of Israel and north of Egypt. Cyprus is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and the Republic of Cyprus is a member state of the European Union.
The earliest known human activity on the island dates back to around the 10th millennium BC. Archaeological remains from this period include the well-preserved Neolithic village of Khirokitia, which has been declared a World Heritage Site with an "enhanced protection" status in the event of armed conflict by UNESCO, along with the archaeological sites of Paphos and the Painted Churches of the Troodos Region. Cyprus is home to some of the oldest water wells in the world.
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Dagana District
Coordinates: 27°0′N 89°55′E / 27°N 89.917°E / 27; 89.917
Dagana District (Dzongkha: དར་དཀར་ན་རྫོང་ཁག་; Wylie: Dar-dkar-na rdzong-khag; also spelled "Dhakana," previously known as "Daga") is one of the 20 dzongkhag (districts) comprising Bhutan. Its administrative capital (dzongkhag thromde) is Daga.
Legend has it that the people of Dagana were a lawless bunch in the 17th century, and that the Shabdrung had to send in soldiers to gain control over them.
Dagana is populated mostly by Dzongkha speakers, however in the southwest near Sarpang District, Nepali is also spoken as a native language.
Dagana itself is divided into fourteen gewogs:
Like most districts of Bhutan, Dagana contains environmentally protected areas. In southeastern Dagana along the border with India lies the western half of Phibsoo Wildlife Sanctuary, covering parts of Karmaling, Lhamoy Zingkha and Nichula Gewogs. Phibsoo has no human inhabitants. it has a districts with Nepali speaking people .there is only one way to go to daga dzong.has lots of complicated passage.
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Denmark
The Kingdom of Denmark (Danish: Kongeriget Danmark, pronounced [ˈkɔŋəʁiːəð ˈdanmɑɡ̊] (
listen)) is a constitutional monarchy and sovereign state consisting the country of Denmark in northern Europe and two autonomous constituent countries, the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic and Greenland in North America. The kingdom is a unitary state with some power being devolved from Denmark proper to Greenland and the Faroe Islands; this polity is referred to as the Danish Realm. Denmark proper is the hegemonial area, where judicial, executive, and legislative power resides. The Faroe Islands are defined to be a community of people within the kingdom, and the Greenlandic people are defined as a separate people with the right to self-determination.
Denmark is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, located southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland and many islands, most notably Zealand, Funen, Lolland, Falster and Bornholm, as well as hundreds of minor islands often referred to as the Danish Archipelago.
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Drangme Chhu
Drangme Chhu river drains a large portion of central and eastern Bhutan. The word Chhu means "river" or "water" in Dzongkha. The river rises in the western portion of Arunachal Pradesh, India, and flows southwest first into the Bhutanese district (or dzongkhag) of Trashiyangtse and then into Tashigang. The south flowing Kulong and the west flowing Gamri join the Drangme near the town of Tashigang. Continuing to the southwest, the river forms the boundary between Tashigang and Mongar, and then between Pemagatsel and Mongar. Along this stretch is the confluence with another major tributary, the south flowing Kuru, and a name change to the Manas River. Shortly before turning south and leaving Bhutan, the river is augmented again with the waters of the south flowing Mangde Chhu River. The lowest point in Bhutan is at the point where the Manas Chhu river crosses into India (Assam) near the town of Manas. The river empties into the Brahmaputra River some 50 miles (80 km) south of the Bhutanese border.
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East Timor
The Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (tiˈmɔr ˈlɛʃteɪ), commonly known as East Timori/ˌiːst ˈtiːmɔr/ (Tetum: Timór Lorosa'e, Portuguese: Timor-Leste), is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, and Oecusse, an exclave on the northwestern side of the island, within Indonesian West Timor. The small country of 15,410 km² (5,400 sq mi) is located about 640 km (400 mi) northwest of Darwin, Australia.
East Timor was colonized by Portugal in the 16th century, and was known as Portuguese Timor until Portugal's decolonization of the country. In late 1975, East Timor declared its independence, but later that year was invaded and occupied by Indonesia and was declared Indonesia's 27th province the following year. In 1999, following the United Nations-sponsored act of self-determination, Indonesia relinquished control of the territory and East Timor became the first new sovereign state of the 21st century on May 20, 2002. East Timor is one of only two predominantly Roman Catholic countries in Asia, the other being the Philippines.
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Egypt
Egypti/ˈiːdʒɪpt/ (Arabic: مصر, Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: [mɑsˤɾ] ; Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, Kīmi ; Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲏⲙⲉ, Kēme), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: جمهوريّة مصر العربيّة (help·info), is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world. Covering an area of about 1,010,000 square kilometers (390,000 sq mi), Egypt is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.
Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. The great majority of its over 81 million people live near the banks of the Nile River, in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large areas of the Sahara Desert are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.
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Gasa District
Gasa District or Gasa Dzongkhag (Dzongkha: མགར་ས་རྫོང་ཁག་; Wylie: Mgar-sa rdzong-khag) is one of the 20 dzongkhags (districts) comprising Bhutan. Its capital is Gasa Dzong near Gasa. It is located in the far north of the county and spans the Middle and High Himalayas. The dominant language of the district is Dzongkha, the national language. Related languages, Layakha and Lunanakha, are spoken by semi-nomadic communities in the north of the district.
Gasa has an area of 3,117.74 km2 (1,203.77 sq mi) as of 2010, formerly 4,409.30 km2 (1,702.44 sq mi) as of 2002. It had a population of 3,116 as of a 2005 census, making it the largest, least populated, and thus least densely populated of all the dzongkhags; it is also the least developed.
Gasa was formerly a drungkhag (sub-district) of the Punakha dzongkhag (district). It became a separate dzongkhag in 1992, the start of 7th Five Year Plan.
Gasa is bordered to the north by Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China and by Thimphu, Punakha, and Wangdue Phodrang dzongkhags to the south. Gasa is divided into four gewogs:
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Gelephu
Gelephu (Dzongkha: དགེ་ལེགས་ཕུ་; Wylie: dge-legs-phu; also known as Gelyephug) is a town in Sarpang District in Bhutan. It is located on the Indian border, about 30 km to the east of Sarpang, the Dzongkhag (District) headquarters , and has a population of 9,199 as per 2005 census.
Gelephu was selected as a site for Bhutan's second international airport project, but it was downgraded to a domestic airport project in October 2008. By 2011, the Gelephu airport faced major obstacles in beginning work, including a lack of willing contractors to bid on the project. Work was finally begun in July 2011, with a completion date set for the end of April 2012. It is suggested to overshoot its projected costs.
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Geography of Bhutan
The Kingdom of Bhutan is a sovereign nation, located towards the eastern extreme of the Himalayas mountain range. It is fairly evenly sandwiched between the sovereign territory of two nations: first, the People's Republic of China on the north and northwest. There are approximately 470 kilometres of border with that nation's Tibet Autonomous Region. The second nation is the Republic of India on the south, southwest, and east; there are approximately 605 kilometres with the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, West Bengal, and Sikkim, in clockwise order from the kingdom. Bhutan's total borders amount to 1,075 kilometres. The Republic of Nepal to the west, the People's Republic of Bangladesh to the south, and the Union of Myanmar to the southeast are other close neighbours; the former two are separated by only very small stretches of Indian territory.
Bhutan is a very compact nation, but with just a small bit more length than width. The nation's territory totals an approximate 46,500 square kilometres. Because of its inland, landlocked status, it controls no territorial waters. Bhutan's territory used to extend south into present-day Assam, including the protectorate of Cooch Behar, but, starting from 1772, the British East India Company began to push back the borders through a number of wars and treaties, severely reducing Bhutan's size until the Treaty of Sinchula of 1865, when some border land was ceded back. Later, many of these territories were permanently lost to British India under the Treaty of Punakha.
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Georgia (country)
Georgiai/ˈdʒɔrdʒə/ (Georgian: საქართველო Sakartvelo, IPA: [sɑkʰɑrtʰvɛlɔ] ( listen)) is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the south by Turkey and Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of Georgia is Tbilisi. Georgia covers a territory of 69,700 km² and its population is almost 4.7 million. Georgia is a unitary, semi-presidential republic, with the government elected through a representative democracy.
During the classical era independent kingdoms became established in what is now Georgia. The kingdoms of Colchis and Iberia adopted Christianity in the early 4th century. A unified Georgia reached the peak of its political and economic strength during the reign of King David IV and Queen Tamar in the 11th–12th centuries. At the beginning of the 19th century, Georgia was annexed by the Russian Empire. After a brief period of independence following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Georgia was occupied by Soviet Russia in 1921, becoming the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic and part of the Soviet Union. After independence in 1991, post-communist Georgia suffered from civil unrest and economic crisis for most of the 1990s. This lasted until the Rose Revolution of 2003, after which the new government introduced democratic and economic reforms.
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Geylegphug
Gelephu (Dzongkha: དགེ་ལེགས་ཕུ་; Wylie: dge-legs-phu; also known as Gelyephug) is a town in Sarpang District in Bhutan. It is located on the Indian border, about 30 km to the east of Sarpang, the Dzongkhag (District) headquarters , and has a population of 9,199 as per 2005 census.
Gelephu was selected as a site for Bhutan's second international airport project, but it was downgraded to a domestic airport project in October 2008. By 2011, the Gelephu airport faced major obstacles in beginning work, including a lack of willing contractors to bid on the project. Work was finally begun in July 2011, with a completion date set for the end of April 2012. It is suggested to overshoot its projected costs.
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Grenada
Grenada (i/ɡrɨˈneɪdə/) is an island country and Commonwealth realm consisting of the island of Grenada and six smaller islands at the southern end of the Grenadines in the southeastern Caribbean Sea. Grenada is located northwest of Trinidad and Tobago, northeast of Venezuela, and southwest of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
Grenada is also known as the "Island of Spice" because of the production of nutmeg and mace crops of which Grenada is one of the world's largest exporters. Its size is 344 square kilometres (133 sq mi), with an estimated population of 110,000. Its capital is St. George's. The national bird of Grenada is the critically endangered Grenada Dove.
Grenada was first sighted by Europeans in 1498 during the third voyage of Christopher Columbus to the new world. At the time the indigenous Island Caribs (Kalinago) who lived there called it Camahogne. The Spaniards did not permanently settle on Camahogne. The English failed in their attempt at settlement in 1609.
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Haa District
Coordinates: 27°15′N 89°10′E / 27.25°N 89.167°E / 27.25; 89.167
This page is about the area Haa. For information about the airships, please see high-altitude airship.
Haa District (Dzongkha: ཧཱ་; Wylie: Haa; alternative spellings include "Ha") is one of the 20 dzongkhag or districts comprising Bhutan. Per the 2005 census, the population of Haa dzongkhag was 11,648, making it the second least populated dzongkhag in Bhutan after Gasa. The dominant language of the district is Dzongkha, the national language.
Haa's major feature is the Haa Valley, a steep north-south valley with a narrow floor. The name Haa (pronounced "hah"), as well as the more ancient name Has (Dzongkha: ཧས་; Wylie: Has; pronounced "hay"), connotes esoteric hiddenness. An alternative name for the district is "Hidden-Land Rice Valley."
The main crops grown in the valley are wheat and barley, although some rice is grown in the lower reaches of the valley. Potatoes, chilis, apples and other cash crops are grown by farmers on the valley floor, along terraced hillsides, and in some of the more accessible side valleys. Per the census, almost every household owns livestock of some type, most commonly yaks and cattle, but also chickens, pigs, and horses. 78% of Haa is covered with forest, and forestry plays an important part in local economy.
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Himalayas
The Himalaya Range or Himalaya Mountains ( /ˌhɪməˈleɪ.ə/ or /hɪˈmɑːləjə/;Sanskrit: Devanagari: हिमालय, literally "abode of snow"), usually called the Himalayas or Himalaya, is a mountain range immediately to the north of the Indian subcontinent. By extension, it can also refer to the massive mountain system that additionally includes the Karakoram, the Hindu Kush, and other lesser ranges that extend out from the Pamir Knot. Some of the world's major river systems arise in the Himalayas, and their combined drainage basins are home to some 3 billion people (almost half of the Earth's population) in 18 countries. The Himalayas have profoundly shaped the cultures of South Asia; many Himalayan peaks are sacred in Hinduism, Buddhism and Sikhism.
Geologically, the Himalayas originate from the northward movement of the Indian tectonic plate at 15 cm[citation needed] per year to impact the Eurasian continent, with first contact about 70 million years ago, and with movement continuing today. This caused the formation of the Himalayan arc peaks: the lighter rocks of the seabeds of that time were easily uplifted into mountains. An often-cited fact used to illustrate this process is that the summit of Mount Everest is made of marine limestone.
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Hong Kong
Coordinates: 22°16′42″N 114°09′32″E / 22.27833°N 114.15889°E / 22.27833; 114.15889
Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港) is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is known for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of 1,104 km2 (426 sq mi) and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after the First Opium War (1839–42). Originally confined to Hong Kong Island, the colony's boundaries were extended in stages to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and then the New Territories in 1898. It was occupied by Japan during the Pacific War, after which the British resumed control until 1997, when China resumed sovereignty. The region espoused minimum government intervention under the ethos of positive non-interventionism during the colonial era. The time period greatly influenced the current culture of Hong Kong, often described as "East meets West", and the educational system, which used to loosely follow the system in England until reforms implemented in 2009.
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India
India (i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
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Indonesia
Indonesia (i/ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ IN-də-NEE-zhə or /ˌɪndoʊˈniːziə/ IN-doh-NEE-zee-ə), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia Indonesian pronunciation: [rɛpʊblɪk ɪndɔnɛsɪa]), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 17,508 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies. The Indonesian economy is the world's 17th largest economy by nominal GDP.
The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with China and India. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders brought Islam, and European powers brought Christianity and fought one another to monopolize trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratization process, and periods of rapid economic change.
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Iran
Coordinates: 32°N 53°E / 32°N 53°E / 32; 53
Iran (i/ɪˈrɑːn/ or /aɪˈræn/;Persian: ایران [ʔiˈɾɒn] ( listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān), is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran", which in Persian means "Land of the Aryans", has been in use natively since the Sassanian era. It came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia ( /ˈpɜrʒə/ or /ˈpɜrʃə/). Both "Persia" and "Iran" are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, "Iran" is the name used officially in political contexts.
The 18th-largest country in the world in terms of area at 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi), Iran has a population of around 79 million. It is a country of particular geopolitical significance owing to its location in the Middle East and central Eurasia. Iran is bordered on the north by Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. As Iran is a littoral state of the Caspian Sea, which is an inland sea, Kazakhstan and Russia are also Iran's direct neighbors to the north. Iran is bordered on the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, on the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, on the west by Iraq and on the northwest by Turkey. Tehran is the capital, the country's largest city and the political, cultural, commercial and industrial center of the nation. Iran is a regional power, and holds an important position in international energy security and world economy as a result of its large reserves of petroleum and natural gas. Iran has the second largest proven natural gas reserves in the world and the fourth largest proven petroleum reserves.
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Iraq
Iraq (/ɪˈræk/ ori/ɪˈrɑːk/; Arabic: العراق al-‘Irāq); officially the Republic of Iraq (Arabic: 
جمهورية العراق (help·info) Jumhūriyyat al-‘Irāq), is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert.
Iraq borders Syria to the northwest, Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Jordan to the southwest and Kuwait and Saudi Arabia to the south. Iraq has a narrow section of coastline measuring 58 km (36 mi) on the northern Persian Gulf. The capital city, Baghdad is in the center-east of the country.
Two major rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates, run through the center of Iraq, flowing from northwest to southeast. These provide Iraq with agriculturally capable land and contrast with the steppe and desert landscape that covers most of Western Asia.
Historically, Iraq was the center of the Abbasid Arabic Islamic Empire. Iraq has been known to the west by the Greek toponym 'Mesopotamia' (Land between the rivers) and has been home to continuous successive civilizations since the 6th millennium BC. The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers is often referred to as the cradle of civilization and the birthplace of writing, law and the wheel. At different periods in its history, Iraq was the center of the indigenous Akkadian, Sumerian, Assyrian, Babylonian, and Abbasid empires. It was also part of the Achaemenid, Hellenistic, Parthian, Sassanid, Roman, Rashidun, Umayyad, Mongol, Safavid, Afsharid, and Ottoman empires, and under British control as a League of Nations mandate.
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Israel
Coordinates: 31°N 35°E / 31°N 35°E / 31; 35
Israel, officially the State of Israel ( /ˈɪzriːəl/ or /ˈɪzreɪəl/; Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Medīnat Yisrā'el, IPA: [me̞diˈnät jisʁäˈʔe̞l] ( listen); Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل, Dawlat Isrāʼīl, IPA: [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]), is a parliamentary republic in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank in the east, Egypt and the Gaza Strip on the southwest, and the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea to the south, and it contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel is defined as a Jewish and Democratic State in its Basic Laws and is the world's only Jewish-majority state.
Following the adoption of a resolution by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 29 November 1947 recommending the adoption and implementation of the United Nations plan to partition Palestine, on 14 May 1948 David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization and president of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel, a state independent from the British Mandate for Palestine. Neighboring Arab states invaded the next day in support of the Palestinian Arabs. Israel has since fought several wars with neighboring Arab states, in the course of which it has occupied the West Bank, Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights. Portions of these territories, including east Jerusalem, have been annexed by Israel, but the border with the neighboring West Bank has not yet been permanently defined.[neutrality is disputed] Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt and Jordan, but efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have so far not resulted in peace.
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Jakar
Jakar (Dzongkha: བྱ་ཀར་; Wylie: Bya-kar) is a town in the central-eastern region of Bhutan. It is the district capital (dzongkhag thromde) of Bumthang District and the location of Jakar Dzong, the regional dzong fortress. The name Jakar roughly translates as "white bird" in reference to its foundation myth, according to which a roosting white bird signaled the proper and auspicious location to found a monastery around 1549.
Jakar is located in Bumthang (Choekhor) Valley within Chhoekhor Gewog in central Bumthang. Administratively, however, Jakar is a separate thromde (municipality) inside the gewog. The administrative office for the Choekhor Gewog is located in the northern suburbs of Jakar. Just north of Jakar lies Wangchuck Centennial Park, a protected area of Bhutan.
Jakar is accessed via a north-south road that connects to the Lateral Road, the main highway of Bhutan.
Jakar is also the site of Bathpalathang Airport, a domestic airfield under construction. The airport has been slated since the Royal Bhutanese Government's 10th Five Year Plan (2008). The airport was originally slated to open in October 2010, but faced a multitude of delays due to soil stability, river diversion, funding, and labor. Labor and material shortages through early 2011 prompted a new target date of July 2011, however as of September 2011, the airport has not been opened for operations. Further complications have arisen from legislated land and property compensation schemes for those who have been forced to relocate to accommodate the airport.
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Jamaica
Coordinates: 18°10′57″N 77°19′18″W / 18.1823878°N 77.3217773°W / 18.1823878; -77.3217773
Jamaica (i/dʒəˈmeɪkə/), officially the Commonwealth of Jamaica, is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, 234 kilometres (145 mi) in length, up to 80 kilometres (50 mi) in width, and 10,990 square kilometres (4,240 sq mi) in area. It is situated in the Caribbean Sea, about 145 kilometres (90 mi) south of Cuba, and 191 kilometres (119 mi) west of Hispaniola, the island harbouring the nation-states of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. The indigenous Arawakan-speaking Taíno name for the island was Xaymaca, meaning the "Land of Wood and Water" or the "Land of Springs".
Once a Spanish possession known as Santiago, it became an English colony in 1655 under the name "Jamaica". It achieved full independence from Britain on August 6, 1962. With 2.8 million people, it is the third most populous anglophone country in the Americas, after the United States and Canada. It remains a Commonwealth realm in concert with the Monarchy of Jamaica holding ultimate executive power, where Queen Elizabeth II is the current head of state and Queen of Jamaica.Kingston is the country's largest city and the capital.
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Japan
Japani/dʒəˈpæn/ (Japanese: 日本 Nihon or Nippon; formally 日本国 Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, literally the State of Japan) is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku, together accounting for ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan has the world's tenth-largest population, with over 127 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.
Archaeological research indicates that people lived in Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other nations followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since adopting its revised constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament called the Diet.
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Jordan
Jordan ( /ˈdʒɔr.dən/;Arabic: اَلأُرْدُنّ, Al-'Urdunn), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (Arabic: اَلمَمْلَكَة اَلأُرْدُنِيَّة اَلهَاشِمِيَّة), Al-Mamlakah Al-Urdaniyyah Al-Hashimiyyah) is a kingdom on the East Bank of the River Jordan. The country borders Saudi Arabia to the east and south-east, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the north and the West Bank and Israel to the west, sharing control of the Dead Sea with the latter. Jordan's only port is at its south-western tip, at the Gulf of Aqaba, which is shared with Israel, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia. Over half of Jordan is covered by the Arabian Desert. However, the western part of Jordan is arable land and forests. Jordan is part of the Fertile Crescent. The capital city is Amman. According to the CIA World Factbook, Jordan has the second highest life expectancy in the Middle East, after Israel. The average life expectancy is one position behind the United Kingdom, although the age remains exactly the same (80.05 years).
The precursor to modern Jordan was founded in 1921 as the Hashemite Emirate, and it was recognized by the League of Nations as a state under the British mandate in 1922 known as The Emirate of Transjordan. In 1946, Jordan became an independent sovereign state officially known as the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan. After capturing the West Bank area of Cisjordan during the 1948–49 war with Israel, Abdullah I took the title King of Jordan and Palestine, and he officially changed the country's name to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in April 1949.
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Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan (i/ˌkɑːzəkˈstɑːn/ or /ˌkæzəkˈstæn/) (Kazakh: Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, pronounced [qɑzɑqstɑ́n]; Russian: Казахстан [kəzɐxˈstan]), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Europe. The ninth largest country in the world by land area, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of 2,727,300 square kilometres (1,053,000 sq mi) is larger than Western Europe. It is neighbored clockwise from the north by Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and also borders on a significant part of the Caspian Sea. Although Kazakhstan does not share a border with Mongolia, its most easterly point is only 38 kilometres (24 mi) from Mongolia's western tip. The terrain of Kazakhstan ranges from flatlands, steppes, taigas, rock-canyons, hills, deltas, and snow-capped mountains to deserts. With 16.6 million people (2011 estimate) Kazakhstan has the 62nd largest population in the world, though its population density is less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 per sq. mi.). The capital was moved in 1998 from Almaty, Kazakhstan's largest city, to Astana.
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Kuwait
Kuwait, officially the State of Kuwaiti/kuːˈweɪt/ (Arabic: دولة الكويت, Dawlat al-Kuwayt) is a sovereign Arab state situated in the north-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south at Khafji, and Iraq to the north at Basra. It lies on the north-western shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the Arabic أكوات ākwāt, the plural of كوت kūt, meaning a fortress built near water. The country covers an area of 17,820 square kilometers (6,880 sq mi) and has a population of about 3.5 million.
Historically, the region was the site of Characene, a major Parthian port for trade between Mesopotamia and India. The Bani Utbah tribe were the first permanent Arab settlers in the region, and laid the foundation of the modern emirate. By the 19th century, Kuwait came under the influence of the Ottoman Empire, and after World War I, it emerged as an independent sheikhdom under the protection of the British Empire. Kuwait's large oil fields were discovered in the late 1930s.
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Laos
Laos ((i/ˈlaʊs/, /ˈlɑː.ɒs/, /ˈlɑː.oʊs/, or /ˈleɪ.ɒs/) Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ, pronounced [sǎː.tʰáː.laʔ.naʔ.lat páʔ.sáː.tʰiʔ.páʔ.tàj páʔ.sáː.són.láːw] Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west. Its population was estimated to be 6.5 million in 2012.
Laos traces its history to the Kingdom which existed from the 14th to the 18th century when it split into three separate kingdoms. In 1893, it became a French protectorate, with the three kingdoms, Luang Phrabang, Vientiane and Champasak, uniting to form what is now known as Laos. It briefly gained independence in 1945 after Japanese occupation, but returned to French rule until it was granted autonomy in 1949. Laos became independent in 1953, with a constitutional monarchy under Sisavang Vong. Shortly after independence, a long civil war ended the monarchy, when the Communist Pathet Lao movement came to power in 1975.
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Lebanon
Lebanon (i/ˈlɛbənɒn/ or /ˈlɛbənən/; Arabic: لبنان Libnān or Lubnān, Lebanese Arabic: [lɪbˈneːn]), officially the Lebanese Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية اللبنانية al-Jumhūrīyah al-Libnānīyah, Lebanese Arabic: [elˈʒʊmhuːɾɪjje l.ˈlɪbneːnɪjje]), is a country in the East Mediterranean. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east, and Israel to the south. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland has dictated its rich history, and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity.
The earliest evidence of civilization in Lebanon dates back more than 7,000 years—predating recorded history. Lebanon was the home of the Phoenicians, a maritime culture that flourished for nearly 2,500 years (3000–539 BC). Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, the five provinces that comprise modern Lebanon were mandated to France. The French expanded the borders of Mount Lebanon, which was mostly populated by Maronite Catholics and Druze, to include more Muslims. Lebanon gained independence in 1943, and established a unique political system, known as confessionalism, a power-sharing mechanism based on religious communities – Bechara El Khoury who became independent Lebanon's first President and Riad El-Solh, who became Lebanon's first prime minister, are considered the founders of the modern Republic of Lebanon and are national heroes for having led the country's independence. French troops withdrew from Lebanon in 1946.
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Lesotho
Lesotho (i/lɨˈsuːtuː/ li-SOO-too), officially the Kingdom of Lesotho, is a landlocked country and enclave, completely surrounded by its only neighboring country, the Republic of South Africa. It is just over 30,000 km2 (11,583 sq mi) in size with a population of approximately 2,067,000. Its capital and largest city is Maseru. Lesotho is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The name Lesotho translates roughly into the land of the people who speak Sesotho. About 40% of the population live below the international poverty line of US $1.25 a day.
The earliest known inhabitants of the area were Khoisan hunter-gatherers. They were largely replaced by Wasja-speaking tribes during Bantu migrations. The Sotho-Tswana people colonized the general region of South Africa between the 3rd and 11th centuries.
The present Lesotho (then called Basutoland) emerged as a single polity under king Moshoeshoe I in 1822. Moshoeshoe, a son of Mokhachane, a minor chief of the Bakoteli lineage, formed his own clan and became a chief around 1804. Between 1821 and 1823, he and his followers settled at the Butha-Buthe Mountain, joining with former adversaries in resistance against the Lifaqane associated with the reign of Shaka Zulu from 1818 to 1828.[citation needed]
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Lhuntse District
Coordinates: 27°40′N 91°0′E / 27.667°N 91°E / 27.667; 91
Lhuntse District (Dzongkha: ལྷུན་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག་; Wylie: Lhun-rtse rdzong-khag; previously "Lhuntshi"), is one of the 20 dzongkhag (districts) comprising Bhutan. It consists of 2506 households (Royal Government, Ninth Plan, pg. 2). Located in the northeast, Lhuntse is one of the least developed dzhongkhags of Bhutan. There are few roads, the first gas station was opened as recently as September 2005, electricity is not well distributed and the difficult terrain makes distribution of social welfare difficult. Despite its favourable climate, farming is also hindered by the difficult infrastructure.
Lhuntse is culturally part of eastern Bhutan. The languages and lifestyle of its inhabitants may be contrasted against the dominant western Ngalop culture.
Notably, eastern Bhutanese culture is distinctive in its relatively high alcohol consumption in relation to other parts of Bhutan. Ara, the traditional alcohol of Bhutan, is most often home made from rice or maize, either fermented or distilled, and may only be legally produced and consumed privately. Ara production is unregulated in both method and quality, and its sale has been prohibited in Bhutan and enforced since a severe crackdown. However, because Ara returns far more profit than other forms of maize, many Bhutanese farmers have pressed for legal reform. The Bhutanese government, meanwhile, is intent on discouraging excessive alcohol consumption, abuse, and associated diseases through taxation and regulation.
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Library of Congress
The Library of Congress is the research library of the United States Congress, de facto national library of the United States of America, and the oldest federal cultural institution in the United States. Located in four buildings in Washington, D.C., as well as the Packard Campus in Culpeper, Virginia, it is the largest library in the world by shelf space and number of books. The head of the Library is the Librarian of Congress, currently James H. Billington.
The Library of Congress was instituted for Congress in 1800, and was housed in the United States Capitol for most of the 19th century. After much of the original collection had been destroyed during the War of 1812, Thomas Jefferson sold 6,487 books, his entire personal collection, to the library in 1815. After a period of decline during the mid-19th century the Library of Congress began to grow rapidly in both size and importance after the American Civil War, culminating in the construction of a separate library building and the transference of all copyright deposit holdings to the Library. During the rapid expansion of the 20th century the Library of Congress assumed a preeminent public role, becoming a "library of last resort" and expanding its mission for the benefit of scholars and the American people.
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Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein, officially the Principality of Liechtenstein (i/ˈlɪktənstaɪn/ LIK-tən-styn; German: Fürstentum Liechtenstein, German pronunciation: [ˈfʏʁstn̩tuːm ˈlɪçtn̩ʃtaɪn]) is a doubly landlocked alpine country in Central Europe, bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and by Austria to the east. Its area is just over 160 square kilometres (62 sq mi), and it has an estimated population of 35,000. Its capital is Vaduz. The biggest town is Schaan. Liechtenstein has the highest gross domestic product per person in the world when adjusted by purchasing power parity, and has the world's lowest external debt. Liechtenstein also has the second lowest unemployment rate in the world at 1.5% (Monaco is first).
Liechtenstein is the smallest yet the richest (by measure of GDP per capita) German-speaking country in the world and the only country to lie entirely within the Alps. It is known as a principality as it is a constitutional monarchy headed by a prince. Liechtenstein is divided into 11 municipalities. Much of its terrain is mountainous, making it a winter sports destination. Many cultivated fields and small farms characterize its landscape both in the south (Oberland, upper land) and in the north (Unterland, lower land). The country has a strong financial sector located in the capital, Vaduz, and has been identified as a tax haven. It is a member of the European Free Trade Association and part of the European Economic Area, the Schengen Area but not of the European Union.
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London
Londoni/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City and has the fifth-largest city GDP in the world (and the largest in Europe). London has been described as a world cultural capital. It was the world's most visited city during 2011 and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.
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Luxembourg
Luxembourg (i/ˈlʌksəmbɜrɡ/ LUKS-əm-burg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (Luxembourgish: Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg, French: Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, German: Großherzogtum Luxemburg, Dutch: Groothertogdom Luxemburg), is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland ("good country") in the south. Luxembourg has a population of over half a million people in an area of approximately 2,586 square kilometres (998 sq mi). A representative democracy with a constitutional monarch, it is ruled by a grand duke. It is now the world's only remaining sovereign grand duchy. The country has a highly developed economy, with the world's highest GDP (nominal) per capita according to the IMF. Its historic and strategic importance dates back to its founding as a Roman era fortress site and Frankish count's castle site in the Early Middle Ages. It was an important bastion along the Spanish Road when Spain was the principal European power influencing the whole western hemisphere and beyond in the 16th–17th centuries.
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Macau
Coordinates: 22°10′N 113°33′E / 22.167°N 113.55°E / 22.167; 113.55
Macau (Chinese: 澳門), also spelled Macao ( /məˈkaʊ/), is one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China, the other being Hong Kong. Macau lies on the western side of the Pearl River Delta across from Hong-Kong which is to the east, bordering Guangdong province to the north and facing the South China Sea to the east and south.
The territory's economy is heavily dependent on gambling and tourism, but also includes manufacturing.
Macau is a former Portuguese colony, and is both the first and last European colony in China. Portuguese traders first settled in Macau in the 16th century and subsequently administered the region until the handover on 20 December 1999. The Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration and the Basic Law of Macau stipulate that Macau operates with a high degree of autonomy until at least 2049, fifty years after the transfer. Macau was first lent by the Chinese empire as a trading port in the 16th century, and had to administer the city under Chinese authority and sovereignty. In 1887, Macau became a colony of the Portuguese empire and its sovereignty transferred to the Portuguese.
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Malaysia
Malaysia (i/məˈleɪʒə/ mə-LAY-zhə or i/məˈleɪsiə/ mə-LAY-see-ə) is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of 329,847 square kilometres (127,350 sq mi) separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo. Land borders are shared with Thailand, Indonesia, and Brunei, and maritime borders exist with Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. In 2010 the population exceeded 27.5 million, with over 20 million living on the Peninsula.
Malaysia has its origins in the Malay Kingdoms present in the area which, from the 18th century, became subject to the British Empire. The first British territories were known as the Straits Settlements, whose establishment was followed by the Malay kingdoms becoming British protectorates. The territories on Peninsular Malaysia were first unified as the Malayan Union in 1946. Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963, with si being added to give the new country the name Malaysia. However, less than two years later in 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation. Since independence, Malaysia has had one of the best economic records in Asia, with GDP growing an average 6.5% for almost 50 years. The economy has traditionally been fuelled by its natural resources, but is expanding in the sectors of science, tourism, commerce and medical tourism.
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Maldives
Maldives (i/ˈmɒldaɪvz/ or /ˈmɒldiːvz/), (Dhivehi: ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ, Dhivehi Raa'je), officially Republic of Maldives (Dhivehi: ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ, Dhivehi Raa'jeyge Jumhooriyya), also referred to as the Maldive Islands, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean formed by a double chain of twenty-six atolls oriented north-south off India's Lakshadweep Islands, between Minicoy Island and Chagos Archipelago. It stands in the Laccadive Sea, about 700 kilometres (430 mi) south-west of Sri Lanka and 400 kilometres (250 mi) south-west of India. During the colonial era, the Dutch referred to the country as "Maldivische Eilanden" in their documentation, while "Maldive Islands" is the anglicised version of the local name used by the British, which later came to be written "Maldives".
The archipelago is located on top of the Chagos-Maldives-Laccadive Ridge, a vast submarine mountain range in the Indian Ocean. Maldives also form a terrestrial ecoregion together with the Chagos and the Lakshadweep. The atolls of Maldives encompass a territory spread over roughly 90,000 square kilometres (35,000 sq mi), making it one of the world's most geographically dispersed countries. Its population of 328,536 (2012) inhabits 200 of its 1,192 islands. Maldives' capital and largest city Malé had a population of 103,693 in 2006. It is located at the southern edge of North Malé Atoll, in the Kaafu Atoll. It is also one of the Administrative divisions of the Maldives. Traditionally it was the King's Island where the ancient Maldive Royal dynasties were enthroned.
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Manas River
The Manas River is a transboundary river in the Himalayan foothills between southern Bhutan and India. It is named after Manasa, the serpent god in Hindu mythology.It is the largest river system of Bhutan, among its four major river systems; the other three are Amo Chu or Torsa, Wong Chu or Raidak, Mo Chu or Sankosh. It is met by three other major streams before it again debouches into India in western Assam. The total length of the river is 376 kilometres (234 mi), flows through Bhutan for 272 kilometres (169 mi) and then through Assam for 104 kilometres (65 mi) before it joins the mighty Brahmaputra River at Jogighopa. Another major tributary of the Manas, the Aie river joins it in Assam at Bangpari.
The river valley has two major reserve forest areas, namely the Royal Manas National Park (43,854 hectares (108,370 acres), established in 1966) in Bhutan and the contiguous Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (391,000 hectares (970,000 acres) in 1955 increased to 95,000 hectares (230,000 acres) in December 1985) encompassing Project Tiger Reserve, an Elephant Reserve and a Biosphere Reserve, which constitutes a UNESCO World Heritage Site declared in December 1985.
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Mauritius
Coordinates: 20°12′S 57°30′E / 20.2°S 57.5°E / -20.2; 57.5
Mauritiusi/məˈrɪʃəs/ (Mauritian Creole: Moris; French: Maurice, pronounced: [mɔˈʁis]), officially the Republic of Mauritius (Mauritian Creole: Republik Moris; French: République de Maurice) is an island nation off the southeast coast of the African continent in the southwest Indian Ocean, about 870 kilometres (540 mi) east of Madagascar. In addition to the island of Mauritius, the Republic includes the islands of Cargados Carajos, Rodrigues, Tromelin and the Agalega Islands. Mauritius Island is part of the Mascarene Islands, with the French island of Réunion 170 km (110 mi) to the southwest and the island of Rodrigues 570 km (350 mi) to the east. The area of Mauritius is 2040 km2; its capital city is Port Louis.
The United Kingdom took control of the islands in 1810, from France during the Napoleonic Wars, and Mauritius became independent from the UK in 1968. It is a parliamentary republic and is a member of the Southern African Development Community, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, the African Union, La Francophonie and the Commonwealth of Nations.
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Mo Chhu
Mo Chhu is a major river in Bhutan. The word "Chhu" means "river" or "water" in Dzongkha, the official national language in Bhutan. The river rises in Gasa Dzongkhag (district) near the border between Bhutan and Tibet. From there, the Mo Chhu flows generally southward to Punakha in central Bhutan, where it joins the Pho Chhu from the northeast. The confluence of the two streams is immediately below the Punakha Dzong, which is the winter home of the Dratshang Lhentshog (Central Monk Body) and the Je Khenpo. The combined streams are then joined by the Dang Chhu near the town of Wangdue Phodrang, and the name of the river becomes the Puna Tsang Chhu. The river then flows through Dagana and Tsirang Districts. After leaving Bhutan near the town of Kalikhola, the river enters Assam in India and is known as the Sankosh. The Sankosh ultimately empties into the Brahmaputra.
Coordinates: 26°23′N 89°48′E / 26.383°N 89.8°E / 26.383; 89.8
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Monaco
Monacoi/ˈmɒnəkoʊ/, officially the Principality of Monaco (French: Principauté de Monaco; Monégasque: Principatu de Múnegu; Italian: Principato di Monaco; Occitan: Principat de Mónegue), is a sovereign city state, located on the French Riviera in Western Europe. Bordered by France on three sides, with one side bordering the Mediterranean Sea, its center is about 16 km (9.9 mi) from Italy, and is only 15 km (9.3 mi) north east of Nice, France. It has an area of 1.98 km2 (0.76 sq mi), and a population of 35,986, making Monaco the second smallest and the most densely populated country in the world. Monaco has a land border of only 4.4 km (2.7 mi), a coastline of 4.1 km (2.5 mi), and a width that varies between 1.7 km (1.1 mi) and 349 metres (382 yards). The highest point in the country is a narrow pathway named Chemin des Révoires on the slopes of Mont Agel, in the Les Révoires district, which is 161 metres (528 feet) above sea level. Monaco's most populated Quartier is Monte Carlo, and the most populated Ward is Larvotto/Bas Moulins. After a recent expansion of Port Hercules, Monaco's total area is 2.05 km2 (0.79 sq mi), with new plans to extend the district of Fontvieille, with land reclaimed from the Mediterranean Sea.
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Mongar
Mongar is a town and seat of Mongar District in Bhutan. As of 2005 it has a population of 3502.
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Mongar District
Coordinates: 27°10′N 91°10′E / 27.167°N 91.167°E / 27.167; 91.167
Mongar District (Dzongkha: མོང་སྒར་རྫོང་ཁག་; Wylie: Mong-sgar rdzong-khag) is one of the 20 dzongkhags (districts) comprising Bhutan. Mongar is the fastest-developing dzongkhag in eastern Bhutan. A regional hospital has been constructed and the region is bustling with many economic activities. Mongar is noted for its lemon grass, a plant that can be used to produce an essential oil. It also has a hydro power plant on the Kuri Chhu river.
Mongar is home to a variety of Bhutanese languages and dialects. In the east, the East BodishTshangla (Sharchopkha) is the dominant language, also used as a regional lingua franca.
Central Mongar is the only region where the East Bodish Chali language is spoken, in all by about 8,200 people in Wangmakhar, Gorsum and Tormazhong villages, mainly in and around Chhali Gewog on east bank of Kuri Chhu River.
Southern Mongar is likewise unique for its 1,000 Gongduk speakers living in a few inaccessible villages of Gongdue Gewog near the Kuri Chhu river. The language appears to be the sole representative of a unique branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family and retains the complex verbal agreement system of Proto-Tibeto-Burman.
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Mongolia
Mongoliai/mɒŋˈɡoʊliə/ (Mongolian: Монгол улс (help·info), literally Mongol country/state) is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only 38 kilometres (24 mi) from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulan Bator, the capital and largest city, is home to about 45% of the population. Mongolia's political system is a parliamentary republic.
The area of what is now Mongolia has been ruled by various nomadic empires, including the Xiongnu, the Xianbei, the Rouran, the Gökturks and others. The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan in 1206. After the collapse of the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongols returned to their earlier pattern of constant internal conflict and occasional raids on the Chinese borderlands. In the 16th and 17th centuries, Mongolia came under the influence of Tibetan Buddhism. At the end of the 17th century, all of Mongolia had been incorporated into the area ruled by the Qing Dynasty. During the collapse of the Qing Dynasty in 1911, Mongolia declared independence, but had to struggle until 1921 to firmly establish de facto independence from the Republic of China, and until 1945 to gain international recognition.
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Montserrat
Coordinates: 16°45′N 62°12′W / 16.75°N 62.2°W / 16.75; -62.2
Montserrat ( /mɒntsəˈræt/) is an island that is a British overseas territory located in the Leeward Islands, part of the chain of islands called the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies. This island measures approximately 16 km (9.9 mi) long and 11 km (6.8 mi) wide, giving 40 kilometres (25 mi) of coastline. Montserrat is nicknamed the Emerald Isle of the Caribbean both for its resemblance to coastal Ireland and for the Irish ancestry of some of its inhabitants.
Montserrat's Georgian era historic capital city of Plymouth was destroyed and two-thirds of the island's population was forced to flee because of an eruption of the previously dormant Soufriere Hills volcano that began on July 18, 1995. The eruption continues today on a much reduced scale, the damage being confined to the area around Plymouth, including its docking facilities, and also the area around the former W. H. Bramble Airport on the eastern side of the island, the remnants of which were buried by flows from volcanic activity on February 11, 2010.
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Morocco
Morocco (Arabic: المغرب al-Maghrib ; Berber: ⵍⵎⴻⵖⵔⵉⴱ / ⴰⵎⴻⵔⵔⵓⴽElmeɣrib / Amerruk), officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of about 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², including the disputed region of the Western Sahara, seen by and mostly administered by Morocco as the Southern Provinces. Morocco is part of the Maghreb region, in addition to Tunisia, Algeria, Mauritania, and Libya, with which it shares cultural, historical and linguistic ties.
Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The King of Morocco holds vast executive powers, including the power to dissolve the parliament. Executive power is exercised by the government but more importantly by the king himself. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives and the Assembly of Councillors. The king can also issue decrees called dahirs which have the force of law. The latest Parliamentary elections were held in November 25, 2011, and were considered by some neutral observers to be mostly free and fair. Voter turnout in these elections was estimated to be 43% of registered voters, but only about 25% of Moroccan adult citizens actually voted. The rest either chose not to vote or they were not registered as voters. The political capital is Rabat, but the largest city is Casablanca; other main cities include Marrakesh, Tetouan, Tangier, Salé, Fes, Agadir, Meknes, Oujda, Kenitra, and Nador.
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Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire, Shahan-e-Gurkhani, Shahan-e-Mughal, Sultanate-e-Mughliya, Daulat-e-Mughliya (Persian: شاهان گورکانی Shāhān-e Gūrkānī; Urdu: مغلیہ سلطنت; self-designation: گوركانى Gūrkānī ), or Mogul (also Moghul) Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were direct descendants of Genghis Khan through Chagatai Khan and Timur. The Mughal Empire began in 1526; at the height of their power in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, they controlled most of the Indian Subcontinent—extending from Bengal in the east to Balochistan in the west, Kashmir in the north to the Kaveri basin in the south. According to "Babur-Nama", Kazakh tribal aristocracy along with number of other Turkic soldiers participated actively in the campaign of Babur, which made great influence over the development of Mughal Empire. Its population at that time has been estimated as between 110 and 150 million, over a territory of more than 3.2 million square kilometres (1.2 million square miles).
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New Delhi
New Delhii/ˈnjuː dɛli/ is the capital city of India. As the national capital, New Delhi is the seat of executive, legislative, and judiciary branches of the Government of India. It also serves as the centre of the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. New Delhi is situated within the metropolis of Delhi and is one of the nine districts of Delhi Union Territory.
The definition of New Delhi is unclear and the differentiation between Delhi and New Delhi is blurry. Even administratively, the demarcation between Delhi and New Delhi is not clear. Government of India and Government of Delhi have not clearly defined the area and boundaries of New Delhi. The boundaries of areas of New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) and New Delhi district of Delhi do not completely overlap. In 1920s, when British constructed New Delhi, there were only two Delhis' – the old walled city called Old Delhi and the new city designed by Edwin Lutyens to serve as capital of British India, which was called 'New Delhi'. The rest of Delhi was rural. But after independence as more and more areas around New Delhi urbanized they also became a part of New Delhi as they were also a part of Delhi which was 'new'. Now, almost all of National Capital Territory of Delhi, with exceptions of the old city called Old Delhi, Civil Lines area, Trans-Yamuna region, some rural areas and some underdeveloped parts of Delhi (e.g. Ashok Vihar, Timarpur, Nangloi, Sultanpuri, Mangolpuri, Badarpur etc.), is designated as 'New Delhi' in postal addresses. Especially, almost all the places in South, South-west, Central and West districts of Delhi are designated as New Delhi. Most of the time, the terms Delhi and New Delhi are used interchangeably.
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New Zealand
New Zealand (Māori: Aotearoa) is an island country located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmasses ‒ that of the North and South Islands ‒ as well as numerous smaller islands. New Zealand is situated some 1,500 kilometres (900 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans.
During its long isolation, New Zealand developed a distinctive biodiversity of both animal and plant life. Most notable are the large number of unique bird species, many of which became extinct after the arrival of humans and introduced mammals. With a mild maritime climate, the land was mostly covered in forest. The country's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions caused by the Pacific and Indo-Australian Plates clashing beneath the earth's surface.
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North Korea
Coordinates: 40°00′N 127°00′E / 40°N 127°E / 40; 127 The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK; Chosŏn'gŭl: 조선민주주의인민공화국), commonly referred to as "North Korea" ( listen), is a country in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pyongyang. The Korean Demilitarized Zone serves as the buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea. The Amnok, or Yalu, and the Tumen rivers form the border between North Korea and China. A section of the Tumen River in the far northeast is the border with Russia.
The peninsula was governed by the Korean Empire until it was annexed by Japan after the Russo-Japanese War in 1910. It was divided into Soviet- and American-occupied zones in 1945, after the end of World War II. North Korea refused to participate in a United Nations–supervised election held in the south in 1948, which led to the creation of separate Korean governments for the two occupation zones. North and South Korea each claimed sovereignty over the whole Korean Peninsula, which led to the Korean War of 1950. The Armistice Agreement of 1953 ended the fighting; but the two countries are officially still at war against each other, for a peace treaty was never signed. Both states were accepted into the United Nations in 1991.
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Northern Cyprus
The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) (Turkish: Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti), commonly called Northern Cyprus, is a self-declared state that comprises the northeastern part of the island of Cyprus. Recognised only by Turkey, Northern Cyprus is considered by the international community to be occupied territory of the Republic of Cyprus.
Northern Cyprus extends from the tip of the Karpass Peninsula in the north east, westward to Morphou Bay and Cape Kormakitis (the Kokkina/Erenköy exclave marks the westernmost extent of the area), and southward to the village of Louroujina/Akıncılar. A buffer zone under the control of the United Nations stretches between Northern Cyprus and the rest of the island and divides Nicosia, the island's largest city and capital of both states.
Tensions between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot populations in Cyprus culminated in 1974 with a coup d'état, an attempt to annex the island to Greece, and an invasion by Turkey in response. This resulted in the partitioning of the island, the resettlement of many of its inhabitants, and a unilateral declaration of independence by the north in 1983. Due to its lack of recognition, Northern Cyprus is heavily dependent on Turkey for economic, political and military support.
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Norway
Norwayi/ˈnɔrweɪ/ (Norwegian: Norge (Bokmål) or Noreg (Nynorsk)), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and the subantarctic Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres (148,747 sq mi) and a population of about 5 million. It is the second least densely populated country in Europe. The majority of the country shares a border to the east with Sweden; its northernmost region is bordered by Finland to the south and Russia to the east; in its south Norway borders the Skagerrak Strait across from Denmark. The capital city of Norway is Oslo. Norway's extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea, is home to its famous fjords.
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Oman
Oman (i/oʊˈmɑːn/ oh-MAAN; Arabic: عمان ʻUmān), officially called the Sultanate of Oman (Arabic: سلطنة عُمان Salṭanat ʻUmān), is an Arab state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the southeast and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast. The Madha and Musandam enclaves are surrounded by the UAE on their land borders, with the Strait of Hormuz and Gulf of Oman forming Musandam's coastal boundaries.
For a period, Oman was a moderate regional power, formerly having a sultanate extending across the Strait of Hormuz to Iran, and modern day Pakistan, and far south to Zanzibar on the coat of south-east Africa. Over time, as its power declined, the sultanate came under heavy influence from the United Kingdom, though Oman was never formally part of the British Empire, or a British protectorate. The Omani royal family claim that Oman has been ruled by the Al Said dynasty since 1744, although without substantial proof. Oman has long-standing military and political ties with the United Kingdom and the United States, although it maintains an independent foreign policy.
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Pakistan
Pakistan (i/ˈpækɨstæn/ or i/pɑːkiˈstɑːn/; Urdu: پاکستان) (Urdu pronunciation: [paːkɪˈst̪aːn] (
listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان), is a sovereign country in South Asia. It sits at the crossroads of the strategically important regions of South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi) coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west and north, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and it shares a marine border with Oman.
The territory of modern Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures, including the Neolithic Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and has undergone invasions or settlements by Hindu, Persian, Indo-Greek, Islamic, Turco-Mongol, Afghan and Sikh cultures. Thus the area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Indian Mauryan Empire, the Persian Achaemenid Empire, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire and the British Empire. As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and India's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent nation for Muslims from the regions in the east and west of India where there was a Muslim majority. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a new constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. A civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh.
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Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (PNG; Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands (the western portion of the island is a part of the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua). It is located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, in a region defined since the early 19th century as Melanesia. The capital is Port Moresby.
Papua New Guinea is one of the most culturally diverse countries on Earth. According to recent data, 841 different languages are listed for the country, although 11 of these have no known living speakers. . (A detailed series of language maps of Papua New Guinea may be found at Ethnologue) There may be at least as many traditional societies,out of a population of about 6.2 million. It is also one of the most rural, as only 18% of its people live in urban centres. The country is one of the world's least explored, culturally and geographically, and many undiscovered species of plants and animals are thought to exist in the interior of Papua New Guinea.
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Paro District
Coordinates: 27°30′N 89°20′E / 27.5°N 89.333°E / 27.5; 89.333
Paro District (Dzongkha: སྤ་རོ་རྫོང་ཁག་; Wylie: Spa-ro rdzong-khag) is the name of a district (dzongkhag), valley, river and town (population 20,000) in Bhutan. It is one of the most historic valleys in Bhutan. Both trade goods and invading Tibetans came over the pass at the head of the valley, giving Paro the closest cultural connection with Tibet of any Bhutanese district. The dominant language in Paro is Dzongkha, the national language.
Paro contains the only active international airport in Bhutan, the Paro Airport, a beautiful small green-roofed facility in a valley, served only by Drukair (Bhutan's National Airline) from India and other countries in Southeast Asia.
Paro is bordered by Haa dzongkhag to the west, Tibet to the north, Thimphu to the east, and Chukha dzongkhag to the south. Paro comprises ten gewogs or counties or blocks:
Northern Paro (Doteng, Tsento Gewogs) contains part of Jigme Dorji National Park and the biological corridor connecting it to Torsa Strict Nature Reserve in neighboring Haa District.
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Paro valley
Coordinates: 27°30′N 89°20′E / 27.5°N 89.333°E / 27.5; 89.333
Paro District (Dzongkha: སྤ་རོ་རྫོང་ཁག་; Wylie: Spa-ro rdzong-khag) is the name of a district (dzongkhag), valley, river and town (population 20,000) in Bhutan. It is one of the most historic valleys in Bhutan. Both trade goods and invading Tibetans came over the pass at the head of the valley, giving Paro the closest cultural connection with Tibet of any Bhutanese district. The dominant language in Paro is Dzongkha, the national language.
Paro contains the only active international airport in Bhutan, the Paro Airport, a beautiful small green-roofed facility in a valley, served only by Drukair (Bhutan's National Airline) from India and other countries in Southeast Asia.
Paro is bordered by Haa dzongkhag to the west, Tibet to the north, Thimphu to the east, and Chukha dzongkhag to the south. Paro comprises ten gewogs or counties or blocks:
Northern Paro (Doteng, Tsento Gewogs) contains part of Jigme Dorji National Park and the biological corridor connecting it to Torsa Strict Nature Reserve in neighboring Haa District.
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Paro Valley
Coordinates: 27°30′N 89°20′E / 27.5°N 89.333°E / 27.5; 89.333
Paro District (Dzongkha: སྤ་རོ་རྫོང་ཁག་; Wylie: Spa-ro rdzong-khag) is the name of a district (dzongkhag), valley, river and town (population 20,000) in Bhutan. It is one of the most historic valleys in Bhutan. Both trade goods and invading Tibetans came over the pass at the head of the valley, giving Paro the closest cultural connection with Tibet of any Bhutanese district. The dominant language in Paro is Dzongkha, the national language.
Paro contains the only active international airport in Bhutan, the Paro Airport, a beautiful small green-roofed facility in a valley, served only by Drukair (Bhutan's National Airline) from India and other countries in Southeast Asia.
Paro is bordered by Haa dzongkhag to the west, Tibet to the north, Thimphu to the east, and Chukha dzongkhag to the south. Paro comprises ten gewogs or counties or blocks:
Northern Paro (Doteng, Tsento Gewogs) contains part of Jigme Dorji National Park and the biological corridor connecting it to Torsa Strict Nature Reserve in neighboring Haa District.
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Paro, Bhutan
Paro (སྤ་རོ་, Wylie: spa ro) is a town and seat of Paro District in the Paro Valley of Bhutan. It is home to Paro Airport, Bhutan's only international airport.
Rinpung Dzong a fortress-monastery overlooking the Paro valley has a long history. A monastery was first built on the site by Padma Sambhava at the beginning of the tenth century, but it wasn't until 1646 that Ngawang Namgyal built a larger monastery on the old foundations, and for centuries this imposing five storey building served as an effective defence against numerous invasion attempts by the Tibetans.
Built with stones instead of clay, the Dzong was named Rinpung, meaning "heaps of jewels" but Rinpung and all its treasures were destroyed by the fire in 1907. Only one thangka, known as Thongdel, was saved. The Paro Dzong was rebuilt by the penlop dawa Penjor after the fire. Housed within its walls is a collection of sacred masks and costumes. Some date back several centuries; others were contributed by Dawa Penjor and his successor Penlop Tshering Penjor in recent times.
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Pemagatshel District
Coordinates: 27°0′N 91°15′E / 27°N 91.25°E / 27; 91.25
Pemagatshel District (Dzongkha: པད་མ་དགའ་ཚལ་རྫོང་ཁག་; Wylie: Pad-ma Dgaa-tshal rdzong-khag; previously "Pemagatsel") is one of the 20 dzongkhags (districts) comprising Bhutan.
Its inhabitants speak mostly Tshangla (Sharchopkha), an East Bodish language that is the lingua franca of eastern Bhutan.
Pemagatshel, as of 2005, had a population of 13,864. In February 2011, some 42 households in remote areas of Pemagatshel were slated for relocation closer to population centers in order to provide better access to resources, both natural and governmental. Proponents for this move cited Gross National Happiness as a reason to improve living standards through relocation. This model, if successful, would be replicated in Haa and Lhuentse Districts.
Pemagatshel is divided into eleven
Pemagatshel is located in the south east of Bhutan with an area of 517.8 km2 and has a total of 2,547 households. The dzongkhag is characterized by highly dissected mountain ranges, steep slopes and narrow valleys with little flat land. The elevation in the dzongkhag ranges from 1,000 meters to 3,500 meters above the sea level. The dzongkhag experiences an average annual rainfall of 1500 mm to 3000 mm.
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Philippines
The Philippinesi/ˈfɪlɨpiːnz/ FI-lə-peenz (Filipino: Pilipinas [ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs]), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino: Republika ng Pilipinas) is a sovereign country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
With an estimated population of about 98 million people, the Philippines is the 7th most populated Asian country and the 12th most populated country in the world. An additional 12.5 million Filipinos live overseas. Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelago's earliest inhabitants. They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples who brought with them influences from Malay, Hindu, and Islamic societies. Trade introduced Chinese cultural influences which remain to this day.
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Phuentsholing
Phuentsholing is a border town in southern Bhutan, and is the administrative seat (dzongkhag thromde) of Chukha District. The town occupies parts of both Phuentsholing Gewog and Sampheling Gewog. Phuentsholing lies opposite the Indian town of Jaigaon, and cross-border trade has resulted in a thriving local economy. For example, the town serves as headquarters for the Bank of Bhutan.
In 2005, Phuentsholing had a population of 20,537.
Approachable only by road, the city is connected to major Indian Railways node, NJP (New Jalpaiguri). From the northern towns of West Bengal, one has to take a bus from any of the local bus terminals to Phuentsholing. Buses are run both by travel Indian and Bhutanese government operators. Once at Phuntsholing, the Lateral Road gives travelers access to the rest of Bhutan.
There is a stark contrast in the culture across the border, which is separated by a long wall with a single Tibetan-style gate. Locals can sometimes even cross without being asked for papers, but visitors without an Indian passport will need a visa presented by a hired registered tour guide. The gate is manned by Bhutanese Army guards. The terrain inclines soon after the gate.
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Phuntsholing
Phuentsholing is a border town in southern Bhutan, and is the administrative seat (dzongkhag thromde) of Chukha District. The town occupies parts of both Phuentsholing Gewog and Sampheling Gewog. Phuentsholing lies opposite the Indian town of Jaigaon, and cross-border trade has resulted in a thriving local economy. For example, the town serves as headquarters for the Bank of Bhutan.
In 2005, Phuentsholing had a population of 20,537.
Approachable only by road, the city is connected to major Indian Railways node, NJP (New Jalpaiguri). From the northern towns of West Bengal, one has to take a bus from any of the local bus terminals to Phuentsholing. Buses are run both by travel Indian and Bhutanese government operators. Once at Phuntsholing, the Lateral Road gives travelers access to the rest of Bhutan.
There is a stark contrast in the culture across the border, which is separated by a long wall with a single Tibetan-style gate. Locals can sometimes even cross without being asked for papers, but visitors without an Indian passport will need a visa presented by a hired registered tour guide. The gate is manned by Bhutanese Army guards. The terrain inclines soon after the gate.
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Punakha
Punakha (Tibetan alphabet: སྤུ་ན་ཁ་) is the administrative centre of Punakha dzongkhag, one of the 20 districts of Bhutan. Punakha was the capital of Bhutan and the seat of government until 1955, when the capital was moved to Thimphu. It is about 72 km away from Thimphu and it takes about 3 hours by car from the capital Thimphu. Unlike Thimphu it is quite warm in winter and hot in summer. It is located at an elevation of 1,200 metres above sea level and rice is grown as the main crop along the river valleys of two main rivers of Bhutan, the Pho Chu and Mo Chu. Dzongkha is widely spoken in this district.
Pungthang Dewachen Phodrang (Palace of Great Happiness) or Punakha Dzong was constructed by Tuebi Zaow Balip under the great command of Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal in 1637 and believed to have been completed in two years of time period. It is also the country's most beautiful Dzong.It is the winter residence of Bhutan's Central Monastic Body led by HH the Je Khenpo. The Dzong houses the most sacred relics of the Southern Drukpa Kagyu school including the Rangjung Kasarpani, and the sacred remains of Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal and Terton Padma Lingpa.
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Punakha District
Coordinates: 27°40′N 89°50′E / 27.667°N 89.833°E / 27.667; 89.833
Punakha District (Dzongkha: སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག་; Wylie: Spu-na-kha rdzong-khag) is one of the 20 dzongkhags (districts) comprising Bhutan. It is bordered by Thimphu, Gasa, and Wangdue Phodrang Districts. The dominant language in the district is Dzongkha, the national language.
Pungtang Dechen Photrang Dzong at Punakha, the administrative and religious center of the district, is the winter home of Bhutan's Dratshang Lhentshog (Central Monk Body). Since the 1680s the dzong has also been the site of a continuous vigil over the earthly body of Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, the founder of the country, which lies in a special chamber in the dzong. Punakha dzong was the capital of Bhutan during the time of Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal. The Punakha Dzong is one of the most historic dzongs in the whole country. Built by Shabdrung Ngwang Namgyal in the 17th century, it is located between the confluence of two rivers: Pho Chhu (male) and Mo Chhu (female).
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Qatar
Qatar (i/ˈkɑːtɑr/ or i/kəˈtɑr/;Arabic: قطر [ˈqɑtˤɑr]; local vernacular pronunciation: [ɡɪtˤɑr]), also known as the country or State of Qatar or locally Dawlat Qaṭar, is a sovereign Arab state, located in Western Asia, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeasterly coast of the much larger Arabian Peninsula. Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf. A strait of the Persian Gulf separates Qatar from the nearby island state of Bahrain.
Qatar has been ruled as an absolute monarchy by Al Thani family since the mid-19th century. Formerly a British protectorate noted mainly for pearling, it became independent in 1971, and has become one of the region's wealthiest states due to its enormous oil and natural gas revenues. In 1995, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani became Emir when he seized power from his father, Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, in a peaceful coup d'état. The most important positions in Qatar are held by the members of the Al Thani family, or close confidants of the al-Thani family. Beginning in 1992, Qatar has built intimate military ties with the United States, and is now the location of U.S. Central Command’s Forward Headquarters and the Combined Air Operations Center.
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Royal Bhutan Police
Coordinates: 27°27′54.7″N 89°38′25.6″E / 27.465194°N 89.640444°E / 27.465194; 89.640444 The Royal Bhutan Police (Dzongkha: རྒྱལ་གཞུང་འབྲུག་གི་འགག་སྡེ་; Wylie: rgyal-gzhung 'brug-gi 'gag-sde) is responsible for maintaining law and order and prevention of crime in Bhutan. It was formed on 1 September, 1965 with 555 personnel reassigned from the Royal Bhutan Army. It was then called the "Bhutan Frontier Guards." Its independent statutory basis was first codified with the Royal Bhutan Police Act of 1980. This framework was repealed and replaced in its entirety by the Royal Bhutan Police Act of 2009.
In addition to law enforcement, the mandate of the Royal Bhutan Police has grown since Act of 2009 to include managing prisons, facilitating youth development and rehabilitation, and disaster management.
The Act of 2009 provides the Royal Bhutan Police a substantive and procedural framework for jurisdictions, powers arrest (with and without warrant), investigation, prosecution, search and seizure, summoning witnesses, and regulating public assembly and public nuisance. It also codifies a framework for receiving complaints from the public.
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Russia
Russiai/ˈrʌʃə/ or /ˈrʊʃə/ (Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə] ( listen)), is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, and the US state of Alaska by the Bering Strait. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the eighth most populous nation with 143 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning nine time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources and is the largest producer of oil and natural gas globally. Russia has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
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Saint Lucia
Saint Luciai/seɪnt ˈluːʃə/ (French: Sainte-Lucie) is a sovereign island country in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. Part of the Lesser Antilles, it is located north/northeast of the island of Saint Vincent, northwest of Barbados and south of Martinique. It covers a land area of 617 km2 (238.23 sq mi) and has a population of 174,000 (2010). Its capital is Castries. Two Nobel laureates, Arthur Lewis, an economist, and Derek Walcott, a poet and playwright, have come from the island. It is the nation with the second most such honorees per capita after the Faroe Islands.
One of the Windward Islands, it was named after Saint Lucy of Syracuse by the French, the first European colonizers. They signed a treaty with the native Carib people in 1660. England took control of the island from 1663 to 1667; in ensuing years, it was at war with France 14 times and rule of the island changed frequently (it was seven times each ruled by the French and British). In 1814, the British took definitive control of the island. Because it switched so often between British and French control, Saint Lucia was also known as the "Helen of the West Indies".
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Samdrup Jongkhar
Samdrup Jongkhar is a town and seat of Samdrup Jongkhar District in Bhutan.
It is located at the south-eastern part of Bhutan and borders the Indian state of Assam. Though there are no proper documentation of the development of the town, It is said[says who?] to have developed as a result of the construction of the Samdrup Jongkhar- tashigang national Highway in the 1960s. In the past[when?] the Sharchops of Tashigang, Dundsan, Orong and yangtse used to trade in a small town called Gudama (current day mela bazaar). Today[when?] it is one of the most important[says who?] trading town for eastern districts of Bhutan. Post 2003 militant flush out in the district and the ULFA and BODO militant problem, much of the business was at halt, causing ripple effect on the developmental and socio-economic life of the people of most of the eastern Bhutan people.
Samdrup Jonkhar Dzongkhag have a mix of population largely dominated by the Sharchops and by Lhotshampas in Bangtar.
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Samtse District
Coordinates: 27°0′N 89°5′E / 27°N 89.083°E / 27; 89.083
Samtse District (Dzongkha: བསམ་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག་; Wylie: Bsam-rtse rdzong-khag; older spelling "Samchi") is one of the 20 dzongkhags (districts) comprising Bhutan.
Historically, Samstse was sparsely populated as the mountain-dwelling Bhutanese considered the low-lying district to be prone to tropical disease. During the early 20th century the district experienced a large influx of Nepali who were invited to the area to assist in forest-clearing. Overall the district population has recently been increasing, and there have been housing shortages in Samtse as reported by Kuensel.
Samste is home to the Lhop (Doya) people, a little-studied ethnic group of approximately 2,500 persons. The Bhutanese believe them to be the aboriginals who predated the Tibetan migration from the north. The Lhop are noted for their animistic religious beliefs, their practice of marrying cross-cousins, and their unique burial customs.
The dominant language in Samtse District is Nepali, spoken by the heterogeneous Lhotshampa community, though speakers of Dzongkha, the national language, inhabit the district's eastern reaches. Samtse is also home to some of the autochthonous communities of Bhutan, pre-dating the arrival of Nepali and Dzongkha speakers. Lepcha is spoken by some 2,000 people in northeastern Samtse, and Lhokpu is spoken by some 2,500 people along the border with Chukha District.
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Sankosh
Sankosh is a river that rises in northern Bhutan and empties into the Brahmaputra in the state of Assam in India. In Bhutan, it is known as the Puna Tsang Chu below the confluences of several tributaries near the town of Wangdue Phodrang. The two largest tributaries are the Mo Chhu and Pho Chhu, which flow together at Punakha. The Punakha dzong, which is situated immediately above the confluence of the two rivers, is one of the most beautiful dzongs in Bhutan and the winter residence of the Central Monk Body. The upper reaches of the Pho Chhu are susceptible to ice blockages, and the dzong has been damaged on several occasions by glacial outburst floods (GLOF). At Wangdue Phodrang, (altitude 1364 m), the river is joined by the west flowing Dang Chhu and it enters a precipitous gorge. The highway running south from Wangdue Phodrang to Dagana follows the river for much of its course. Near the town of Takshay is the confluence with the west flowing Hara Chhu. The last major Bhutanese tributary is the Daga Chhu.
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Sarpang
Sarbhang is a town in Sarpang District in southern Bhutan.
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Sarpang District
Coordinates: 26°50′N 90°15′E / 26.833°N 90.25°E / 26.833; 90.25
Sarpang District (Dzongkha: གསར་སྤང་རྫོང་ཁག་; Wylie: Gsar-spang rdzong-khag; also known as "Geylegphug") is one of the 20 dzongkhags (districts) comprising Bhutan.
The dominant language in Sarpang is Nepali, an Indo-European language spoken by the heterogeneous Lhotshampa community. The East Bodish Kheng language is also spoken in the northeastern reaches of the district.
Sarpang is currently divided into twelve gewogs:
Much of Sarpang consists of environmentally protected areas. Far western Sarpang (Senghe Gewog) contains part of the uninhabited Phibsoo Wildlife Sanctuary along the India border. Northern Sarpang (Jigmechhoeling Gewog) is part of Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park; eastern and southeastern Sarpang (Jigmechhoeling, Tareythang, Umling Gewogs) lie within Royal Manas National Park. Sarpang is bisected by a wide swath of biological corridor connecting all three environmentally protected areas.
On April 26th 2007 Lhamoy Zingkha Dungkhag (sub-district) was formally transferred from Sarpang Dzongkhag to Dagana Dzongkhag, affecting the town of Lhamozingkha and three gewogs – Lhamoizingkha, Deorali and Nichula Gewogs (Zinchula) – that formed the westernmost part of Sarpang and became the southernmost part of Dagana.
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Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia (i/ˌsaʊdi əˈreɪbi.ə/ or i/ˌsɔːdiː əˈreɪbi.ə/; Arabic: السعودية as-Su‘ūdīyah[citation needed] or incorrectly as-Sa‘ūdīyah, officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Arabic: المملكة العربية السعودية al-Mamlakah al-‘Arabīyah as-Su‘ūdīyah Arabic pronunciation (help·info)), is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab world, after Algeria. It is bordered by Jordan, and Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south. The Red Sea lies to its west, and the Persian Gulf lies to the east. Saudi Arabia has an area of approximately 2,250,000 km2 (870,000 sq mi), and it has an estimated population of 27 million, of which 9 million are registered foreign expatriates and an estimated 2 million are illegal immigrants. Saudi nationals comprise an estimated 16 million people.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded by Abdul-Aziz bin Saud (known for most of his career as Ibn Saud) in 1932, although the conquests which eventually led to the creation of the Kingdom began in 1902 when he captured Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud, referred to in Arabic as the Al Saud. The Saudi Arabian government, which has been an absolute monarchy since its inception, refers to its system of government as being Islamic, though this is contested by many due to its strong basis in Salafism, a minority school of thought in Islam. The kingdom is sometimes called "The Land of the Two Holy Mosques" in reference to Al-Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca), and Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam.
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Sikkim
Sikkim (/ˈsɪkɨm/; Devanagari: सिक्किम, i.e. the "Goodly Region", or Shikim, Shikimpati or Sikkim;Lepcha: Mayel Lyang; Limbu: Yuksom, "one of the fortified place";Standard Tibetan: འབྲས་ལྗོངས་, Bras Ljongs, Denzong or Demojongs) is a landlocked Indian state located in the Himalayan mountains. The state borders Nepal to the west, China's Tibet Autonomous Region to the north and east, and Bhutan to the southeast, while the state of West Bengal lies to the south.
With around 607,000 inhabitants as of 2011[update], Sikkim is the least populous state in India and the second-smallest state after Goa in total area, covering approximately 7,096 km2 (2,740 sq mi). Sikkim is nonetheless geographically diverse due to its location in the Himalayas; the climate ranges from subtropical to high alpine, and Kangchenjunga, the world's third-highest peak, is located on Sikkim's border with Nepal. Sikkim is a popular tourist destination, owing to its culture, scenery and biodiversity. It also has the only open land border between India and China. Sikkim's capital and largest city is Gangtok.
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Singapore
Singapore (i/ˈsɪŋəpɔər/ SI-ngə-pohr), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, 137 kilometres (85 mi) north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the Singapore Strait to its south. Singapore is highly urbanised but almost half of the country is covered by greenery. More land is being created for development through land reclamation.
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Solomon Islands
Solomon Islandsi/ˈsɒləmən ˈaɪləndz/ is a sovereign state in Oceania, east of Papua New Guinea, consisting of nearly one thousand islands. It covers a land mass of 28,400 square kilometres (11,000 sq mi). The capital, Honiara, is located on the island of Guadalcanal. The nation of the Solomon Islands is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
The Solomon Islands are believed to have been inhabited by Melanesian people for many thousands of years. Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña was the first European to arrive in Solomon Islands in 1568 and named them Islas Salomón. The United Kingdom established a protectorate over the Solomon Islands in 1893. In the Second World War there was fierce fighting between the Americans and the Japanese in the Solomon Islands campaign of 1942–45, including the Battle of Guadalcanal.
Self-government was achieved in 1976 and independence two years later. The Solomon Islands is a constitutional monarchy with the Queen of the Solomon Islands, at present Elizabeth II, as the head of state. Gordon Lilo Darcy is the eleventh and current Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands.
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South Africa
Coordinates: 30°S 25°E / 30°S 25°E / -30; 25
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is a country located at the southern tip of Africa. It is divided into nine provinces and has 2,798 kilometres (1,739 mi) of coastline. To the north of the country lie the neighbouring territories of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland; while Lesotho is an enclave surrounded by South African territory.
South Africa is multi-ethnic and has diverse cultures and languages. Eleven official languages are recognised in the constitution. Two of these languages are of European origin: South African English and Afrikaans, a language which originated mainly from Dutch that is spoken by the majority of white and Coloured South Africans. Though English is commonly used in public and commercial life, it is only the fifth most-spoken home language. All ethnic and language groups have political representation in the country's constitutional democracy comprising a parliamentary republic; unlike most parliamentary republics, the positions of head of state and head of government are merged in a parliament-dependent President.
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South Korea
South Korea ( listen), officially the Republic of Korea (Hangul: 대한민국; Hanja: 大韓民國; Daehan Minguk listen), is a sovereign state in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The name "Korea" is derived from Goryeo, a dynasty which ruled in the Middle Ages (an initial "G" in Korean is pronounced like an English "K").
Its neighbors are China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the Korea Strait to the south. South Korea lies in the north temperate zone with a predominantly mountainous terrain. It covers a total area of 99,392 square kilometers and has a population of almost 50 million. The capital and largest city is Seoul, with a population of 9,794,304.
Archaeological findings show that the Korean Peninsula was occupied by the Lower Paleolithic period.Korean history begins with the founding of Gojoseon in 2333 BC by the legendary Dan-gun. Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea under Silla 668 AD, Korea went through the Goryeo Dynasty and Joseon Dynasty as one nation until the end of the Korean Empire in 1910, when it was annexed by Japan. After liberation and occupation by Soviet and U.S. forces at the end of World War II, the nation was divided into North and South Korea. The latter was established in 1948 as a democracy, though political turmoil and times of military rule and martial law characterized much of the period until the foundation of the Sixth Republic in 1987.
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South Ossetia
South Ossetia ( /əˈsɛtiə/ə-SET-ee-ə or /ɒˈsiːʃə/o-SEE-shə; Ossetic: Хуссар Ирыстон, Xussar Iryston; Georgian: სამხრეთ ოსეთი, Samxret Oseti; Russian: Южная Осетия, Yuzhnaya Osetiya) or Tskhinvali Region (Georgian: ცხინვალის რეგიონი, Tsxinvalis regioni; Russian: Цхинвальский регион, Tskhinvalskiy region) is a disputed region and partly recognized state in the South Caucasus, located in the territory of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within the former Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic.
South Ossetians declared independence from Georgia in 1990, calling themselves the Republic of South Ossetia. The Georgian government responded by abolishing South Ossetia's autonomy and trying to retake the region by force. This led to the 1991–1992 South Ossetia War. Georgian fighting against those controlling South Ossetia occurred on two other occasions, in 2004 and 2008. The last conflict led to the 2008 South Ossetia war, during which Ossetian and Russian forces gained full, de facto control of the territory of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast.
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Spain
Spain (i/ˈspeɪn/ SPAYN; Spanish: España, pronounced: [esˈpaɲa] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a sovereign state and a member of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north and north east by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla, that border Morocco. Furthermore, the town of Llívia is a Spanish exclave situated inside French territory. With an area of 504,030 square kilometres (194,610 sq mi), it is the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union after France, and the fourth largest country in Europe after Russia, Ukraine and France.
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Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (i/ʃriː ˈlɑːŋkə/, /sriːˈlɑːŋkə/, or /sriːˈlæŋkə/;Sinhala: ශ්රී ලංකාව, Tamil: இலங்கை), is a country off the southern coast of the Indian subcontinent in South Asia. Known until 1972 as Ceylon ( /sɨˈlɒn/, /seɪˈlɒn/, or /siːˈlɒn/), Sri Lanka is an island surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar, the Palk Strait, and lies in the vicinity of India and the Maldives.
As a result of its location in the path of major sea routes, Sri Lanka is a strategic naval link between West Asia and South East Asia. It was an important stop on the ancient Silk Road. Sri Lanka has also been a center of the Buddhist religion and culture from ancient times, being the nation where the Buddhist teachings were first written down as well as the oldest continually Buddhist country. Sri Lanka boasts a diverse range of cultures, languages and religions. The Sinhalese people form the majority of the population; Tamils, who are concentrated in the north and east of the island, form the largest ethnic minority. Other communities include Moors, Burghers, Kaffirs, Malays and the aboriginal Vedda people.
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State of Palestine
Palestine (Arabic: فلسطين Filasṭīn/Falasṭīn/Filisṭīn), officially declared as the State of Palestine (Arabic: دولة فلسطين, Dawlat Filasṭin), is a state that was proclaimed in exile in Algiers on 15 November 1988, when the Palestine Liberation Organization's (PLO) National Council (PNC) adopted the unilateral Palestinian Declaration of Independence. At the time of the 1988 declaration, the PLO did not exercise control over any territory, and its claimed territory remains under Israeli occupation. It claims the Palestinian territories (defined according to the 1967 borders), and has designated Jerusalem as the capital of Palestine, despite Israeli control.
The 1974 Arab League summit designated the PLO as the "sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people and reaffirmed their right to establish an independent state of urgency." The PLO has had observer status at the United Nations as a "non-state entity" since 22 November 1974, which entitles it to speak in the UN General Assembly but not to vote. After the Declaration of Independence, the UN General Assembly officially "acknowledged" the proclamation and voted to use the designation "Palestine" instead of "Palestine Liberation Organization" when referring to the Palestinian permanent observer. In spite of this decision, the PLO does not participate at the UN in its capacity of the State of Palestine's government. Since 1998, the PLO is arranged for seating in the UN General Assembly immediately after non-member states, and before all other observers.
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Swaziland
Swaziland, officially the Kingdom of Swaziland (Umbuso weSwatini), and sometimes called Ngwane or Swatini, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, bordered to the north, south and west by South Africa, and to the east by Mozambique. The nation, as well as its people, are named after the 19th century king Mswati II.
Swaziland is a small country, no more than 200 kilometres (120 mi) north to south and 130 kilometres (81 mi) east to west. The western half is mountainous, descending to a lowveld region to the east. The eastern border with Mozambique and South Africa is dominated by the escarpment of the Lebombo Mountains. The climate is temperate in the west, but may reach 40 °C (104 °F) in summer in the lowveld. Rainfall occurs mainly in the summer and may reach 2 metres (6.6 ft) in the west.
The area that Swaziland now covers has been continuously inhabited since prehistory. Today, the population is primarily ethnic Swazis whose language is siSwati, though English is spoken as a second language. The Swazi people descend from the southern Bantu who migrated from Central Africa in the 15th and 16th centuries. The Anglo-Boer War saw the United Kingdom make Swaziland a protectorate under its direct control. Swaziland gained independence in 1968. Swaziland is a member of the Southern African Development Community, the African Union, and the Commonwealth of Nations. The head of state is the king, who appoints the prime minister and a small number of representatives for both chambers of parliament. Elections are held every five years to determine the majority of the representatives. A new constitution was adopted in 2005.
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Sweden
Sweden (i/ˈswiːdən/ SWEE-dən; Swedish: Sverige [ˈsværjɛ] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige (help·info)), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Øresund.
At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the third largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of about 9.4 million. Sweden has a low population density of 21 inhabitants per square kilometre (54 /sq mi) with the population mostly concentrated to the southern half of the country. About 85% of the population live in urban areas. Sweden's capital city is Stockholm, which is also the largest city.
Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages. In the 17th century, the country expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire. The empire grew to be one of the great powers of Europe in the 17th and early 18th century. Most of the conquered territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost during the 18th and 19th centuries. The eastern half of Sweden, present-day Finland, was lost to Russia in 1809. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Sweden by military means forced Norway into a personal union. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, practicing "non-participation in military alliances during peacetime and neutrality during wartime". However, Sweden has been a member of the European Union since 1 January 1995 and is a member of the OECD.
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Syria
Syria (/ˈsɪriə/ ( listen) SIRR-ee-ə; Arabic: سورية Sūriyya or سوريا Sūryā; Syriac: ܣܘܪܝܐ; Kurdish: Sûrî), officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية العربية السورية al-Jumhūriyyah al-‘Arabīyah as-Sūriyyah Arabic pronunciation (help·info)), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
In English, the name Syria was formerly synonymous with the Levant, known in Arabic as Sham, while the modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Eblan civilization of the third millennium BC. In the Islamic era, its capital city, Damascus, the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate, and a provincial capital of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt.
The population of Syria is 74% Sunni, 12% Alawi, 10% Christian, and 3% Druze. Combined, 87% of the Syrian population is Muslim, while the other 10% is Christian, which includes mainly Arab Christians but also Assyrians and Armenians. Major ethnic minorities in Syria include Kurds (9%), Assyrians, Armenians, Turkmens and Circassians. The majority of the population is Arab (90%).
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Taiwan
Taiwan (i/ˌtaɪˈwɑːn/ TY-WAHN; Chinese: 臺灣 or 台灣; pinyin: Táiwān; see below), officially the Republic of China (ROC; Chinese: 中華民國; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó), is a state in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China now governs the island of Taiwan (formerly known as Formosa), which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other minor islands. Neighboring states include the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east and northeast, and the Philippines to the south. Taipei is the capital city and economic and cultural centre of the country, and New Taipei is the most populous city.
The earliest evidence of inhabitation of Taiwan dates back to the late Paleolithic era. The island of Taiwan was mainly inhabited by Taiwanese aborigines before being colonized in the 17th century by the Dutch and the Spanish Empire. The first Han Chinese polity on Taiwan began when Koxinga's troops defeated Dutch forces and established the Kingdom of Tungning. The island was subsequently ruled by the Qing Dynasty after the kingdom's defeat in the Battle of Penghu in 1683, a period that lasted for over 200 years. Following Japan's victory over the Qing Dynasty in the first Sino-Japanese war, Taiwan was ceded to Japan under the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895.
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Tajikistan
Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkɨstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkɨstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Тоҷикистон [ˈtɔjikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Cumhuriyi Tocikiston; Persian: جمهوری تاجیکستان Jomhuri-ye Tajikestan; Russian: Республика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia. It borders Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Gilgit Baltistan as well as Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan are separated from Tajikistan by the narrow Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan in the south.
Most of Tajikistan's population belongs to the Persian-speaking Tajik ethnic group, who share language, culture and history with Afghanistan and Iran. Once part of the Samanid Empire, Tajikistan became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union in the 20th century, known as the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik SSR). Mountains cover over 90% of this Central Asian republic.
After independence, Tajikistan suffered from a devastating civil war which lasted from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow. Trade in commodities such as cotton, aluminium and uranium has contributed greatly to this steady improvement.
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Tashichoedzong
Coordinates: 27°29′22″N 89°38′6″E / 27.48944°N 89.635°E / 27.48944; 89.635 Tashichhoedzong བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང is a Buddhist monastery and fortress on the northern edge of the city of Thimpu in Bhutan, on the western bank of the Wang Chu. It has traditionally been the seat of the Druk Desi (or "Dharma Raja"), the head of Bhutan's civil government, an office which has been combined with the kingship since the creation of the monarchy in 1907, and summer capital of the country.
The main structure of the whitewashed building is two-storied with three-storied towers at each of the four corners topped by triple-tiered golden roofs. There is also a large central tower or utse.
The original Thimphu dzong (the Dho-Ngyen Dzong, or Blue Stone Dzong) was built in 1216 by Lama Gyalwa Lhanangpa where Dechen Phodrang now stands above Thimphu. Soon after, Lama Phajo Drukgom Shigpo, who first brought the Drukpa Kagyu lineage to Bhutan, took it over.
In 1641 Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal acquired it from Lama Phajo's descendants, but soon finding it too small, he built another one, known as the lower Dzong for the administration, keeping the older one for the monks. The original dzong was destroyed by fire in 1771 and everything was moved to the lower one which was expanded then, and again by the 13th Druk Desi (1744-1763), and also in 1866. It was damaged during an earthquake in 1897 and rebuilt in 1902. King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck had it completely renovated and enlarged over five years after he moved the capital to Thimpu in 1952 in traditional style using neither nails nor written plans.
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Thailand
Thailand ( /ˈtaɪlænd/ TY-land or /ˈtaɪlənd/;Thai: ประเทศไทย, RTGS: Prathet Thai), officially the Kingdom of Thailand (Thai: ราชอาณาจักรไทย, RTGS: Ratcha Anachak Thai; IPA: [râːt.tɕʰā ʔāːnāːtɕàk tʰāj] ( listen)), formerly known as Siam (Thai: สยาม; RTGS: Sayam), is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Burma. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India in the Andaman Sea to the southwest.
The country is a constitutional monarchy, headed by King Rama IX, the ninth king of the House of Chakri, who, having reigned since 1946, is the world's longest-serving head of state and the longest-reigning monarch in Thai history. The king of Thailand is titled Head of State, Head of the Armed Forces, the Upholder of the Buddhist religion, and the Defender of all Faiths.
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The Bahamas
The Bahamasi/bəˈhɑːməz/, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is a country consisting of more than 3,000 islands, cays, and islets. It is located in the Atlantic Ocean north of Cuba and Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti), northwest of the Turks and Caicos Islands, and southeast of the United States (nearest to the state of Florida). Its land area is 13,939 km2 (5,382 sq mi), with a population of 353,658. Its capital is Nassau. Geographically, the Bahamas lie in the same island chain as Cuba, Hispaniola and the Turks and Caicos Islands; the designation of Bahamas refers normally to the Commonwealth and not the geographic chain.
Originally inhabited by the Lucayans, a branch of the Arawakan-speaking Taino people, the Bahamas were the site of Columbus' first landfall in the New World in 1492. Although the Spanish never colonized the Bahamas, they shipped the native Lucayans to slavery in Hispaniola. The islands were mostly deserted from 1513 to 1648, when English colonists from Bermuda settled on the island of Eleuthera.
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Thimphu
Thimphu (Tibetan alphabet: ཐིམ་ཕུག་, Dzongkha: ཐིམ་ཕུ་) also spelt Thimpu, is the capital and largest city of Bhutan. It is situated in the western central part of Bhutan and the surrounding valley is one of Bhutan's dzongkhags, the Thimphu District. The city became the capital of Bhutan in 1961. As of 2005 it had a population of 79,185, with 98,676 people living in the entire Thimphu district.
The city is spread out longitudinally in a north-south direction on the west bank of the valley formed by the Wang Chuu, also known as the Thimphu Chuu River. Thimphu is located at 27°28′00″N 89°38′30″E / 27.4666667°N 89.64167°E / 27.4666667; 89.64167Coordinates: 27°28′00″N 89°38′30″E / 27.4666667°N 89.64167°E / 27.4666667; 89.64167 and is spread over an altitudinal range between 2,248 metres (7,375 ft) and 2,648 metres (8,688 ft). Unusually for a capital city, Thimphu is not served by an airport, but relies on the airport at Paro, connected by road some 54 kilometres (34 mi) away.
Thimphu, as the political and economic centre of Bhutan, has a dominant agricultural and livestock base, which contributes to 45% of the country's GNP. Tourism, though a contributor to the economy, is strictly regulated, maintaining a balance between the traditional and development and modernization. Thimphu contains most of the important political buildings in Bhutan, including the National Assembly of the newly formed parliamentary democracy and Dechencholing Palace, the official residence of the King, located to the north of the city. As a metropolis and capital city, Thimphu is coordinated by the "Thimphu Structure Plan", an Urban Development Plan which evolved in 1998 with the objective of protecting the fragile ecology of the valley. This development is ongoing with financial assistance from the World Bank and Asian Development Bank.
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Thimphu District
Coordinates: 27°35′N 89°35′E / 27.583°N 89.583°E / 27.583; 89.583
Thimphu District (Dzongkhag: ཐིམ་ཕུ་རྫོང་ཁག་; Wylie: Thim-phu rdzong-khag) is a dzongkhag (district) of Bhutan. Thimphu is also the capital of Bhutan and the largest city in the whole kingdom.
The dominant language throughout the district is Dzongkha, however within the capital, nearly every language of Bhutan may be encountered.
Thimphu dzongkhag is divided into eight gewogs and one town (Thimphu):
Lingzhi, Soe and Naro Gewogs belong to the Lingzhi Dungkhag subdistrict, the only subdistrict within Thimphu District. The remaining gewogs do not belong to any subdistrict.
The northern half of Thimphu District (Kawang, Lingzhi, Naro, Soe Gewogs – corresponding roughly to Lingzhi Dungkhag) is subject to environmental protection, falling within Jigme Dorji National Park.
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Tonga
Tonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga (Tongan: Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga), is a sovereign state and an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, comprising 176 islands scattered over 700,000 square kilometres (270,000 sq mi) of ocean in the South Pacific. Fifty-two of the islands are inhabited.
The Kingdom stretches over a distance of about 800 kilometres (500 mi) in a north-south line located at about a third of the distance from New Zealand to Hawaii.
Tonga also became known as the Friendly Islands because of the friendly reception accorded to Captain James Cook on his first visit there in 1773. He happened to arrive at the time of the ʻinasi festival, the yearly donation of the first fruits to the Tuʻi Tonga, the islands' paramount chief, and received an invitation to the festivities. According to the writer William Mariner, in reality the chiefs had wanted to kill Cook during the gathering, but could not agree on a plan.
Tonga is also the only island nation in the region to have avoided formal colonisation. In 2010, Tonga took a decisive step towards becoming a fully functioning constitutional monarchy after legislative reforms paved the way for its first ever fully representative elections which resulted in the election of Noble Sialeʻataongo Tuʻivakanō as its first democratically elected Prime Minister.
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Tongsa
Trongsa, previously Tongsa (ཀྲོང་གསར་, Wylie: krong gsar), is a town and capital of Trongsa District in central Bhutan. The name means "new village" in Dzongkha. The first temple was built in 1543 by the Drukpa Kagyu lama, Ngagi Wangchuk, who was the great-grandfather of Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyel, the person who unified Bhutan.
Chökhor Raptentse Dzong at Trongsa which was built in 1644, used to be the seat of power of the Wangchuck dynasty before it became rulers of Bhutan in 1907. Traditionally the King of Bhutan first becomes the Trongsa Penlop (governor) before being named Crown Prince and eventually King. Built on a mountain spur high above the gorges of the Mangde Chhu, the dzong controlled east-west trade for centuries. The only road connecting eastern and western Bhutan (the precursor to the modern Lateral Road), passed through the courtyard of the dzong. At the command of the penlop the massive doors could be shut, dividing the country in two.
Higher yet on the mountainside is a watchtower, called "Ta Dzong", to guard the dzong from enemies.
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Torsa River
Torsa River (also spelt Torsha and also known as Machu and Amo Chhu) rises from the Chumbi Valley in Tibet, China, where it is known as Machu. It flows into Bhutan, where it is known as the Amo Chu. It has total length of 358 km, out of which 113 km in China and 145 km in Bhutan before flowing into the northern part of West Bengal in India.
It flows past the important border towns of Phuntsholing (in Bhutan) and Jaigaon (on the Indian side of the border) and past the great tea estate of Dalsingpara and the Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary. The beautiful landscape here is ideal for family picnics, and the wildlife sanctuary has tigers, rhinoceros and deer of many varieties. a tributary known as Buri Torsa meets Jaldhaka. Ghargharia river meets with Torsa in the Tufanganj subdivision, near Deocharai and Balarampur Torsa meets with Kaljani and it then flows into Bangladesh by the name of Kaljani and meets with Brahmaputra in BD. A distributary known as Buri Torsa meets Jaldhaka.
Ghargharia river meets with Torsa in the Tufanganj subdivision, near Deocharai and Balarampur Torsa meets with Kaljani and it then flows into Bangladesh by the name of Kaljani and meets with the Jamuna there.[clarification needed]
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Trashigang
Trashigang (བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒང་།), or Tashigang, is a town in eastern Bhutan and the district capital of the Trashigang Dzongkhag (district).
It lies on the east side of the valley above the Drangme Chhu River just south of where it is joined by the Gamri River. Trashigang is the eastern terminus of the Lateral Road, Bhutan's main highway leading to Phuntsholing in the southwest.
The population of Trashigang was 2,383 in 2005 according to a census.
In October 2011, Trashigang Dzong, under renovation since 2007, was on the verge of collapse. The dzong was built in 1659 by Trongsa Penlop Minjur Tenpa, serving for centuries as an administrative headquarters and monastery, though government offices mostly relocated by 2011. Its sinking easterly foundation and crumbling upper walls necessitated either relocation or total destruction and reconstruction, according to dzong officials.
Trashigang is the largest district in Bhutan. it has two sub districts and fifteen gewogs.
Coordinates: 27°20′N 91°34′E / 27.333°N 91.567°E / 27.333; 91.567
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Trashigang District
Coordinates: 27°15′N 91°40′E / 27.25°N 91.667°E / 27.25; 91.667
Trashigang District (Dzongkha: བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག་; Wylie: Bkra-shis-sgang rdzong-khag; also spelled "Tashigang") is Bhutan's easternmost dzongkhag (district).
The inhabitants of Trashigang district are mainly Sharchops, which means "easterner" in Dzongkha, the national language. The Sharchops appear to mix Indian and Tibetan blood whereas the Ngalops of central and western Bhutan appear to be mainly Tibetan.
The dominant language of Trashigang is Tshangla (Sharchopkha), the lingua franca of eastern Bhutan. Two significant minority languages are spoken in the far eastern region of the district: the East Bodish Dakpa language and the Southern Bodish Brokpa language. Dakpa is spoken by descendants of yakherding communities, and may in fact be a divergent dialect of Brokpake, heavily influenced by Dzalakha.
While it has no major urban area, Trashigang dzongkhag has the densest population in Bhutan. It used to be part of an important trade route connecting Assam to Tibet, and still is a primary route for Bhutanese trade with India. Towns include Trashigang, Radi, Rangjung, and Phongmey. The district produces a lot of rice and lavender.
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Trongsa
Trongsa, previously Tongsa (ཀྲོང་གསར་, Wylie: krong gsar), is a town and capital of Trongsa District in central Bhutan. The name means "new village" in Dzongkha. The first temple was built in 1543 by the Drukpa Kagyu lama, Ngagi Wangchuk, who was the great-grandfather of Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyel, the person who unified Bhutan.
Chökhor Raptentse Dzong at Trongsa which was built in 1644, used to be the seat of power of the Wangchuck dynasty before it became rulers of Bhutan in 1907. Traditionally the King of Bhutan first becomes the Trongsa Penlop (governor) before being named Crown Prince and eventually King. Built on a mountain spur high above the gorges of the Mangde Chhu, the dzong controlled east-west trade for centuries. The only road connecting eastern and western Bhutan (the precursor to the modern Lateral Road), passed through the courtyard of the dzong. At the command of the penlop the massive doors could be shut, dividing the country in two.
Higher yet on the mountainside is a watchtower, called "Ta Dzong", to guard the dzong from enemies.
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Trongsa District
Coordinates: 27°20′N 90°25′E / 27.333°N 90.417°E / 27.333; 90.417
Trongsa District (Dzongkha: ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་ཁག་; Wylie transliteration: Krong-gsar rdzong-khag) is one of the districts of Bhutan. It is the most central district of Bhutan and the geographic centre of Bhutan is located within it at Trongsa Dzong.
Trongsa is a linguistically diverse district. In the north and east inhabitants speak Bumthangkha, and in the extreme southeast Khengkha is spoken. Nyenkha is spoken in the western half of the district, straddling the border with Wangdue Phodrang District. To the north, along and across the same border, live speakers of Lakha. In the extreme south, the national language Dzongkha is spoken. Across the mid-south, tiny communities of autochthonous 'Olekha (Black Mountain Monpa) speakers have all but disappeared.
Historically, Bumthangkha and its speakers have had close contact with speakers of Kurtöpkha, Nupbikha and Khengkha, nearby languages of central and eastern Bhutan, to the extent that they may be considered part of a wider collection of "Bumthang languages." Nyenkha, also related to the Bumthang languages, is more divergent while 'Olekha is only distantly related.
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Tsirang District
Coordinates: 26°55′N 90°5′E / 26.917°N 90.083°E / 26.917; 90.083
Tsirang District (Dzongkha: རྩི་རང་རྫོང་ཁག་; Wylie: Rtsi-rang rdzong-khag; previously "Chirang"), is one of the 20 dzongkhags (districts) of Bhutan. The administrative center of the district is Damphu
Tsirang is noted for its gentle slopes and mild climates. The dzongkhag is also noted for its rich biodiversity, however it is one of the few dzongkhags without a protected area. One of Bhutan's longest rivers, the Punatsang Chhu or Sankosh river flows through the district. It is the main districts where the Lhotshampa reside.
The dominant language in Tsirang is Nepali, spoken by the heterogeneous Lhotshampa. In the north, Dzongkha, the national language, is also spoken.
Tsirang is divided into twelve gewogs:
The northernmost reaches of Tsirang (Phutenchhu, Sergithang Gewogs) lie within Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park, one of the protected areas of Bhutan.
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Turkey
Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye), known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( Türkiye Cumhuriyeti (help·info)), is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia (mostly in the Anatolian peninsula) and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea is to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between East Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. The vast majority of the population are Muslims. The country's official language is Turkish, whereas Kurdish and Zazaki languages are spoken by Kurds and Zazas, who constitute 18% of the population.
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Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan (i/tɜrkˈmɛnɨstæn/ or i/tɜrkmɛnɨˈstɑːn/; Turkmen: Türkmenistan), formerly also known as Turkmenia (Russian: Туркмения), is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (Turkmen SSR). Turkmenistan is one of the six independent Turkic states. It is bordered by Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, Uzbekistan to the east and northeast, Kazakhstan to the north and northwest and the Caspian Sea to the west.
Turkmenistan's GDP growth rate of 11% in 2010[update] ranks 4th in the world, but these figures are subject to wide margins of error. It possesses the world's fourth largest reserves of natural gas resources. Although it is wealthy in natural resources in certain areas, most of the country is covered by the Karakum (Black Sand) Desert.
The Turkmen government operates as a single-party system. Turkmenistan was ruled by President for Life Saparmurat Niyazov (called "Türkmenbaşy" — "leader of the Turkmens") until his sudden death on 21 December 2006. Gurbanguly Berdymukhammedov was elected the new president on 11 February 2007.
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Tuvalu
Tuvalu (i/tuːˈvɑːluː/ too-VAH-loo or /ˈtuːvəluː/ TOO-və-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. It comprises four reef islands and five true atolls spread out from 6° to 10° south. Its nearest neighbours are Kiribati, Nauru, Samoa and Fiji. Its population of 10,544 makes it the third-least populous sovereign state in the world, with only Vatican City and Nauru having fewer inhabitants. In terms of physical land size, at just 26 square kilometres (10 sq mi) Tuvalu is the fourth smallest country in the world, larger only than the Vatican City at 0.44 km2 (0.17 sq mi), Monaco at 1.98 km2 (0.76 sq mi) and Nauru at 21 km2 (8.1 sq mi).
The first inhabitants of Tuvalu were Polynesian people. In 1568 Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña sailed through the islands and is understood to have sighted Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis. In 1819 the island of Funafuti was named Ellice's Island; the name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of English hydrographer Alexander George Findlay (1812–1876). The islands came under Britain's sphere of influence in the late 19th century, when the Ellice Islands were declared a British protectorate by Captain Gibson, R. N. of HMS Curaçao between 9th and 16 October 1892. The Ellice Islands were administered as British protectorate by a Resident Commissioner from 1892 to 1916 as part of the British Western Pacific Territories (BWPT), and later as part of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands colony from 1916 to 1974.
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United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emiratesi/juːˌnaɪtɨd ˌærəb ˈɛmɪrɨts/ (Arabic: دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة, Al Imārāt al ‘Arabīyah al Muttaḥidah), sometimes simply called the Emirates or the UAE, is a country situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south, as well as sharing sea borders with Qatar to the west and Iran to the north.
The UAE is a federation of seven emirates (equivalent to principalities), each governed by a hereditary emir, with a single national president. The constituent emirates are Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah, and Umm al-Quwain. The capital is Abu Dhabi, which is also the state's center of political, industrial, and cultural activities.
Prior to independence in 1971, the UAE was known as the Trucial States or Trucial Oman, in reference to a 19th-century truce between the local sheikhs, hereditary rulers of the territories, and the United Kingdom. The term Pirate Coast was also used by some to refer to the emirates from the 18th to the early 20th century, owing to the preponderance of pirates operating from Emirati ports.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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Uzbekistan
Uzbekistani/ʊzˌbɛkɨˈstɑːn/, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi, Ўзбекистон Республикаси) is the only doubly landlocked country in Central Asia and one of only two such countries worldwide. It shares borders with Kazakhstan to the west and to the north, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east, and Afghanistan and Turkmenistan to the south. Before 1991, it was part of the Soviet Union.
Uzbekistan is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia.
Once part of the Persian Samanid and later Timurid empires, the region was conquered in the early 16th century by Uzbek nomads, who spoke an Eastern Turkic language. Most of Uzbekistan’s population today belong to the Uzbek ethnic group and speak the Uzbek language, one of the family of Turkic languages.
Uzbekistan was incorporated into the Russian Empire in the 19th century, and in 1924 became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, known as the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Uzbek SSR). It became independent on 31 August 1991 (officially, from the following day).
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Vatican City
Vatican Cityi/ˈvætɨkən ˈsɪti/, or Vatican City State, in Italian officially Stato della Città del Vaticano (pronounced [ˈstaːto della t͡ʃitˈta del vatiˈkaːno]), is a landlocked sovereign city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome, Italy. It has an area of approximately 44 hectares (110 acres), and a population of just over 800. This makes Vatican City the smallest independent state in the world by both area and population.
Vatican City State was established in 1929 by the Lateran Treaty, signed by Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Gasparri, on behalf of Pope Pius XI and by Prime Minister and Head of Government Benito Mussolini on behalf of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy. Vatican City State is distinct from the Holy See, which dates back to early Christianity and is the main episcopal see of 1.2 billion Latin and Eastern Catholic adherents around the globe. Ordinances of Vatican City are published in Italian; official documents of the Holy See are issued mainly in Latin. The two entities have distinct passports: the Holy See, not being a country, issues only diplomatic and service passports, whereas Vatican City State issues normal passports. In each case very few passports are issued.
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Vietnam
Vietnam ( listen), formally the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam; listen), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With an estimated 91.5 million inhabitants as of 2012, it is the world's 13th-most-populous country, and the eighth-most-populous Asian country. The name Vietnam translates as "South Viet", and was officially adopted in 1945. The country is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east.
The Vietnamese became independent from Imperial China in 938 AD, following the Battle of Bạch Đằng River. Successive Vietnamese royal dynasties flourished as the nation expanded geographically and politically into Southeast Asia, until the Indochina Peninsula was colonized by the French in the mid-19th century. The First Indochina War eventually led to the expulsion of the French in 1954, leaving Vietnam divided politically into two states, North and South Vietnam. Conflict between the two sides intensified, with heavy foreign intervention, during the Vietnam War, which ended with a North Vietnamese victory in 1975.
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Wangdue Phodrang
Wangdue Phodrang is a town and capital (dzongkhag thromde) of Wangdue Phodrang District in central Bhutan. It is located in Thedtsho Gewog.
The town shares its name with the dzong, built in 1638 which dominates the district. The name is said to have been given by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal who was searching for the best location for a dzong to prevent incursions from the south. At the chosen spot the Shabdrung encountered a boy named Wangdi playing beside the river and hence named the dzong "Wangdi's Palace".
There are three paved roads in Wangdue Phodrang dzongkhag. The Lateral Road enters from the west at Dochu La Pass, crosses the Pana Tsang Chhu at Wangdue Phodrang dzong, and continues east to Tongsa. One spur road heads north from Wangdue Phodrang to the dzong at Punakha and slightly beyond. This becomes the footpath to Gasa. A second spur departs the Lateral Road near the Pele La pass halfway between Wangdue and Tongsa, traveling south a short distance to Gangteng Gonpa and the Phobjika valley where the rare Black-necked Cranes (grus nigricollis) may be found.
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Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a federal district to become the national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution. The District is therefore not a part of any U.S. state. It was formed from land along the Potomac River donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia; however, the Virginia portion was returned by Congress in 1846.
A new capital city named after George Washington was founded in 1791 to the east of the preexisting port of Georgetown. Congress consolidated the City of Washington, Georgetown, and the remaining unincorporated area within the District under a single municipal government in 1871. The city shares its name with the U.S. state of Washington, located on the country's Pacific coast.
Washington, D.C., had an estimated population of 617,996 in 2011. The city was the 24th most populous place in the United States as of 2010. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city's population to over one million during the workweek. The Washington Metropolitan Area, of which the District is a part, has a population of nearly 5.6 million, the seventh-largest metropolitan area in the country.
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West Bengal
West Bengal /bɛŋˈɡɔːl/ (proposed new English name: Paschim Banga) is a state in the eastern region of India and is the nation's fourth-most populous. It is also the seventh-most populous sub-national entity in the world, with over 91 million inhabitants. Covering a total area of 34,267 sq mi (88,750 km2), it is bordered by the countries of Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh, and the Indian states of Orissa, Jharkhand, Bihar, Sikkim, and Assam. The state capital is Kolkata (formerly Calcutta). West Bengal encompasses two broad natural regions: the Gangetic Plain in the south and the sub-Himalayan and Himalayan area in the north.
In the 3rd century BC, the broader region of Bengal was conquered by the emperor Ashoka. In the 4th century AD, it was absorbed into the Gupta Empire. From the 13th century onward, the region was ruled by several sultans, powerful Hindu states and Baro-Bhuyan landlords, until the beginning of British rule in the 18th century. The British East India Company cemented their hold on the region following the Battle of Plassey in 1757, and the city of Calcutta (now known as Kolkata) served for many years as the capital of British India. The early and prolonged exposure to British administration resulted in expansion of Western education, culminating in development in science, institutional education, and social reforms of the region, including what became known as the Bengal Renaissance. A hotbed of the Indian independence movement through the early 20th century, Bengal was divided in 1947 along religious lines into two separate entities: West Bengal – a state of India – and East Bengal, which initially joined the new nation of Pakistan, before becoming part of modern-day Bangladesh in 1971.
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Yemen
The Republic of Yemen (Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية al-Jumhūrīyah al-Yamanīyah), commonly known as Yemeni/ˈjɛmən/ (Arabic: اليَمَن al-Yaman), is a country located in Western Asia, occupying the southwestern to southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, and Oman to the east. Yemen is considered one of the poorest countries in the Arab world. Its capital and largest city is Sana'a. Yemen's territory includes over 200 islands, the largest of which is Socotra, about 415 km (258 mi) to the south of mainland Yemen, off the coast of Somalia. It is the only state in the Arabian Peninsula to have a purely republican form of government. Approximately 53% of Yemenis are Sunnis, while 45% are Zaydi Shias.
One etymology derives Yemen from yamin, meaning "on the right side", as the south is on the right when facing the sunrise. Another derives Yemen from yumn, meaning "felicity", as the region is fertile. The Romans called it Arabia Felix (Happy Arabia) as opposed to Arabia Deserta (Deserted Arabia), which was their term for northern Arabia.
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Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty (Chinese: 元朝, p Yuán Cháo; Mongolian: Их Юань улс) was the branch of Mongol Borjigin dynasty established by Kublai Khan. Although the Mongols had ruled northern China for decades, it was not until 1271 that Kublai Khan officially proclaimed the dynasty in the traditional Chinese style. His realm – the Great Yuan Empire (t 大元帝國, s 大元帝国, p Dà Yuán Dìguó) – was by this point isolated from the other khanates and controlled only most of present-day China and its surrounding areas including modern Mongolia. It was the first non-Han dynasty to rule all of China and lasted until 1368, after which its remnants in Mongolia were known as the Northern Yuan.
The Yuan is considered both a successor to the Mongol Empire and as an imperial Chinese dynasty. In official Chinese histories, the Yuan Dynasty bore the Mandate of Heaven, following the Song Dynasty and preceding the Ming Dynasty. Although the dynasty was established by Kublai Khan, he placed his grandfather Genghis Khan on the imperial records as the official founder of the dynasty as Taizu.
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Zhemgang District
Coordinates: 27°0′N 90°45′E / 27°N 90.75°E / 27; 90.75
Zhemgang District (Dzongkha: གཞམས་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག་; Wylie transliteration: Gzhams-sgang rdzong-khag; previously "Shemgang"), is one of the 20 dzongkhags (districts) comprising Bhutan. It is bordered by Sarpang, Trongsa, Bumthang, Mongar and Samdrup Jongkhar Districts, and borders Assam in India to the south. Administrative center of the district is Zhemgang.
The dominant language in Zhemgang is Khengkha, language of the former kingdom of Kheng. Historically, Khengkha and its speakers have had close contact with speakers of Kurtöpkha, Nupbikha, and Bumthangkha to the north, to the extent that they may be considered part of a wider collection of "Bumthang languages."
Starting in the 1990s, the United Liberation Front of Asom maintained guerrilla bases in the forests of southern Zhemgang from which they would launch attacks on targets in India and then return across the border. In late 2003 the King of Bhutan, Jigme Singye Wangchuck led a military operation which largely swept the guerrillas out of the region. Because of the risk of attack, foreign tourists are not yet allowed to visit Zhemgang.
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Buddhist
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy indigenous to the Indian subcontinent and encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs, and practices largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, who is commonly known as the Buddha (meaning "the awakened one" in Sanskrit and Pāli). The Buddha lived and taught in the eastern part of Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE. He is recognized by Buddhists as an awakened or enlightened teacher who shared his insights to help sentient beings end ignorance (avidyā), craving (taṇhā), and suffering (dukkha), by recognizing dependent origination and sunyata, and attain Nirvana.
Two major branches of Buddhism are recognized: Theravada ("The School of the Elders") and Mahayana ("The Great Vehicle"). Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Mahayana is found throughout East Asia and includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, Shingon, Tiantai (Tendai) and Shinnyo-en. In some classifications, Vajrayana—practiced mainly in Tibet and Mongolia, and adjacent parts of China and Russia—is recognized as a third branch, while others classify it as a part of Mahayana. There are other categorisations of these three Vehicles or Yanas.
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China
China (i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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Hong Kong
Coordinates: 22°16′42″N 114°09′32″E / 22.27833°N 114.15889°E / 22.27833; 114.15889
Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港) is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is known for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of 1,104 km2 (426 sq mi) and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after the First Opium War (1839–42). Originally confined to Hong Kong Island, the colony's boundaries were extended in stages to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and then the New Territories in 1898. It was occupied by Japan during the Pacific War, after which the British resumed control until 1997, when China resumed sovereignty. The region espoused minimum government intervention under the ethos of positive non-interventionism during the colonial era. The time period greatly influenced the current culture of Hong Kong, often described as "East meets West", and the educational system, which used to loosely follow the system in England until reforms implemented in 2009.
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Indian people
Indian people or Indians are people who are citizens of India, which forms a major part of south of Asia, containing 17.31% of the world's population. The Indian nationality is in essence made up of regional ethno-linguistic groups, reflecting the rich and complex history of India. India, in its current boundaries, was formed out of a number of predecessors.
Substantial populations with Indian ancestry, as a result of emigration, exist in many different parts of the world, most notably in Southeast Asia, South Africa, Australia, England, Middle East and North America. Population estimates vary from a conservative 12 million to 20 million diaspora.
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Indigenous peoples
Indigenous peoples are ethnic groups that are defined as "indigenous" according to one of the various definitions of the term, though there is no universally accepted definition.
In the late twentieth century, the term began to be used primarily to refer to ethnic groups that have historical ties to groups that existed in a territory prior to colonization or formation of a nation state, and which normally preserve a degree of cultural and political separation from the mainstream culture and political system of the nation state within the border of which the indigenous group is located. The political sense of the term defines these groups as particularly vulnerable to exploitation and oppression by nation states. As a result, a special set of political rights in accordance with international law have been set forth by international organizations such as the United Nations, the International Labour Organization and the World Bank. The United Nations have issued a Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples to protect the collective rights of indigenous peoples to their culture, identity, language, employment, health, education and natural resources. Depending on which precise definition of "indigenous people" used, and on the census, estimates of a world total population of Indigenous people range from 220 million Indigenous peoples in 1997 to 350 million in 2004.
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James Rennell
Major James Rennell, FRS (3 December 1742 – 29 March 1830) was an English geographer, historian and a pioneer of oceanography.
Rennell was born near Chudleigh in Devon. His father, John Rennell, an officer in the Royal Artillery, was killed in action shortly after the birth of his son; his mother made a "poor second marriage", leading to Rennell being brought up by a guardian, the Rev. Gilbert Burrington, vicar of Chudleigh.
Rennell entered the navy as a midshipman in 1756 at the age of fourteen, and was present at the attack on Cherbourg (1758), and the disastrous action of St Cast in the same year. In 1760 he went out to the East Indian station, and served in the Grafton under Captain Hyde Parker (1714–1782) during the three following years, when he saw some active service, including a cutting-out expedition at Pondicherry. He soon mastered the theory and practice of marine surveying, and, on account of his proficiency in this regard, Parker lent his services to the East India Company. He served for a year on board one of the company's ships bound to the Philippines, with the object 'of establishing new branches of trade with the natives of the intervening places'. During this cruise Rennell drew several charts and plans of harbours, some of which have been engraved by Dalrymple.
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Jigme Thinley
Lyonchen Jigme Yoser Thinley (Dzongkha: འཇིགས་མེད་འོད་ཟེར་འཕྲིན་ལས་; Wylie: 'Jigs-med 'Od-zer 'Phrin-las) (born 1952) has been the Prime Minister of Bhutan since April 2008. "Lyonchen" is a title, meaning "prime minister".
Thinley was born in Bumthang and joined the civil service in 1974 upon receiving a graduate degree from The Pennsylvania State University. In February 1987, Thinley was awarded the title of Dasho and the Red Scarf, and in 1990, under the zonal system, he became administrator of the Eastern Zone. He then became secretary in the Ministry of Home Affairs in 1992 before being appointed as Deputy Minister of Home Affairs in January 1994, at which time he was also awarded the Orange Scarf. Later in 1994, he was appointed as Bhutan's Permanent Representative to the United Nations office and other international organizations in Geneva.
Prior to the beginning of democracy, he was Prime Minister twice, from July 20, 1998, to July 9, 1999, and from August 30, 2003, to August 20, 2004. During this period, chairmanship of the council was based on rotation once per year, with the order of rotation decided by the number of votes secured during the time of election to the council. Jigme was also the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Bhutan from 1998 until 2003 and subsequently served as Minister of Home and Cultural Affairs.
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Jigme Y. Thinley
Lyonchen Jigme Yoser Thinley (Dzongkha: འཇིགས་མེད་འོད་ཟེར་འཕྲིན་ལས་; Wylie: 'Jigs-med 'Od-zer 'Phrin-las) (born 1952) has been the Prime Minister of Bhutan since April 2008. "Lyonchen" is a title, meaning "prime minister".
Thinley was born in Bumthang and joined the civil service in 1974 upon receiving a graduate degree from The Pennsylvania State University. In February 1987, Thinley was awarded the title of Dasho and the Red Scarf, and in 1990, under the zonal system, he became administrator of the Eastern Zone. He then became secretary in the Ministry of Home Affairs in 1992 before being appointed as Deputy Minister of Home Affairs in January 1994, at which time he was also awarded the Orange Scarf. Later in 1994, he was appointed as Bhutan's Permanent Representative to the United Nations office and other international organizations in Geneva.
Prior to the beginning of democracy, he was Prime Minister twice, from July 20, 1998, to July 9, 1999, and from August 30, 2003, to August 20, 2004. During this period, chairmanship of the council was based on rotation once per year, with the order of rotation decided by the number of votes secured during the time of election to the council. Jigme was also the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Bhutan from 1998 until 2003 and subsequently served as Minister of Home and Cultural Affairs.
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Jigmi Thinley
Lyonchen Jigme Yoser Thinley (Dzongkha: འཇིགས་མེད་འོད་ཟེར་འཕྲིན་ལས་; Wylie: 'Jigs-med 'Od-zer 'Phrin-las) (born 1952) has been the Prime Minister of Bhutan since April 2008. "Lyonchen" is a title, meaning "prime minister".
Thinley was born in Bumthang and joined the civil service in 1974 upon receiving a graduate degree from The Pennsylvania State University. In February 1987, Thinley was awarded the title of Dasho and the Red Scarf, and in 1990, under the zonal system, he became administrator of the Eastern Zone. He then became secretary in the Ministry of Home Affairs in 1992 before being appointed as Deputy Minister of Home Affairs in January 1994, at which time he was also awarded the Orange Scarf. Later in 1994, he was appointed as Bhutan's Permanent Representative to the United Nations office and other international organizations in Geneva.
Prior to the beginning of democracy, he was Prime Minister twice, from July 20, 1998, to July 9, 1999, and from August 30, 2003, to August 20, 2004. During this period, chairmanship of the council was based on rotation once per year, with the order of rotation decided by the number of votes secured during the time of election to the council. Jigme was also the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Bhutan from 1998 until 2003 and subsequently served as Minister of Home and Cultural Affairs.
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Lhotshampa
Lhotshampa, or Lhotsampa, (Tibetan: ལྷོ་མཚམས་པ་, Wylie: lho-mtshams-pa) means "southerners" in Dzongkha, the national language of Bhutan. The term refers to the heterogeneous ethnic Nepalese population of Bhutan.
The first small groups of Nepalese emigrated primarily from eastern Nepal under Indian auspices in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The beginning of Nepalese immigration largely coincided with Bhutan's political development: in 1885, Druk Gyalpo Ugyen Wangchuck consolidated power after a period of civil unrest and cultivated closer ties with the British in India. In 1910, the government of Bhutan signed a treaty with the British in India, granting them control over Bhutan's foreign relations. Immigrants from Nepal and India continued to enter Bhutan with a spurt from the 1960s when Bhutan's first modern 5-year plan began, many arriving as construction workers. By the late 1980s, the Bhutanese government estimated 28 percent of the Bhutanese population were of Nepalese origin. Unofficial estimates of the ethnic Nepalese population ran as high as 30 to 40 percent, constituting a majority in the south. The number of legal permanent Nepalese residents in the late 1980s may have been as few as 15 percent of the total population, however.
wn.com/Lhotshampa -
Lhotshampas
Lhotshampa, or Lhotsampa, (Tibetan: ལྷོ་མཚམས་པ་, Wylie: lho-mtshams-pa) means "southerners" in Dzongkha, the national language of Bhutan. The term refers to the heterogeneous ethnic Nepalese population of Bhutan.
The first small groups of Nepalese emigrated primarily from eastern Nepal under Indian auspices in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The beginning of Nepalese immigration largely coincided with Bhutan's political development: in 1885, Druk Gyalpo Ugyen Wangchuck consolidated power after a period of civil unrest and cultivated closer ties with the British in India. In 1910, the government of Bhutan signed a treaty with the British in India, granting them control over Bhutan's foreign relations. Immigrants from Nepal and India continued to enter Bhutan with a spurt from the 1960s when Bhutan's first modern 5-year plan began, many arriving as construction workers. By the late 1980s, the Bhutanese government estimated 28 percent of the Bhutanese population were of Nepalese origin. Unofficial estimates of the ethnic Nepalese population ran as high as 30 to 40 percent, constituting a majority in the south. The number of legal permanent Nepalese residents in the late 1980s may have been as few as 15 percent of the total population, however.
wn.com/Lhotshampas -
Macau
Coordinates: 22°10′N 113°33′E / 22.167°N 113.55°E / 22.167; 113.55
Macau (Chinese: 澳門), also spelled Macao ( /məˈkaʊ/), is one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China, the other being Hong Kong. Macau lies on the western side of the Pearl River Delta across from Hong-Kong which is to the east, bordering Guangdong province to the north and facing the South China Sea to the east and south.
The territory's economy is heavily dependent on gambling and tourism, but also includes manufacturing.
Macau is a former Portuguese colony, and is both the first and last European colony in China. Portuguese traders first settled in Macau in the 16th century and subsequently administered the region until the handover on 20 December 1999. The Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration and the Basic Law of Macau stipulate that Macau operates with a high degree of autonomy until at least 2049, fifty years after the transfer. Macau was first lent by the Chinese empire as a trading port in the 16th century, and had to administer the city under Chinese authority and sovereignty. In 1887, Macau became a colony of the Portuguese empire and its sovereignty transferred to the Portuguese.
wn.com/Macau -
Mongol
Mongols (Mongolian: Монголчууд (help·info)), Mongolchuud) are a Central-East Asian ethnic group that lives mainly in the countries of Mongolia, China, and Russia. Owing to wars and migrations, Mongols are also found in some Central Asian states such as Kazakhstan. In China, ethnic Mongols can be found mainly in the central north region of China such as Inner Mongolia (a smaller number of Mongols can also be found in Xinjiang in northwest China). The Buryat branch of the Mongol ethnic group can be found in the autonomous republic of Buryatia, Russia. Ethnic Mongols are bound together by a common language and culture. They speak languages belonging to the Mongolic languages. The contiguous territories inhabited by ethnic Mongols is also known as Greater Mongolia[disambiguation needed 
]. There are approximately 10 million ethnic Mongols in total.
A definition includes the Mongols proper, who can be approximately divided into the eastern Mongols (the Khalkha Mongols, the Inner Mongolians, the Buryats), and the Oirats. In a wider sense, the Mongol people includes all people who speak a Mongolic language, such as the Kalmyks of eastern Europe.
wn.com/Mongol -
Portuguese people
The Portuguese (Portuguese: os Portugueses) are a nation and ethnic group native to the country of Portugal, in the west of the Iberian peninsula of south-west Europe. Their language is Portuguese, and Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion.
Due to the large historical extent of the Portuguese Empire and the colonization of territories in Africa, Asia and the Americas, as well as historical and recent emigration, Portuguese communities can be found in many diverse regions around the globe, and a large Portuguese diaspora exists.
The Portuguese are a southwestern European population, with origins predominantly from Atlantic Europe, Western Europe and the Western Mediterranean.
The earliest modern humans inhabiting Portugal are believed to have been Paleolithic peoples that may have arrived in the Iberian Peninsula as early as 35,000 to 40,000 years ago. Current interpretation of Y-chromosome and mtDNA data suggests that modern-day Portuguese traces largely a significant amount of these lineages to the paleolithic peoples which began arriving to the European continent between the end of the last glaciation around 45,000 years ago.
wn.com/Portuguese_people -
Sangay Ngedup
Lyonpo Sangay Ngedup (born 1953 in Nobgang) was Prime Minister of Bhutan from 1999 to 2000 and again from 2005 to 2006.
In Dzongkha, the title Lyonpo means "Minister".
Sangay Ngedup was born in Nobgang village in Punakha. He is the second eldest son in a family of two brothers and five sisters. Four of his sisters are married to the former king, Jigme Singye Wangchuck. He graduated from Dr Graham's Homes in Kalimpong, India, and completed his tertiary education at the St Stephen’s College in New Delhi, India. In 1976 he joined the Bhutanese foreign service, and attended diplomatic courses in Australia and New Delhi.
In 1977, Lyonpo Sangay Ngedup served at the permanent mission of Bhutan to the United Nations in New York and later as second (and later first) secretary in the Royal Bhutan Embassy in New Delhi. In 1989, Lyonpo Sangay Ngedup was appointed as Ambassador to Kuwait.
He was transferred as the Director of Trade and Industry in 1989 and then as the joint secretary of the Planning Commission in April 1991. He became the Director General of Health in 1992. In 1998 he became Minister of Health and Education, and he served as Prime Minister from July 9, 1999 until July 20, 2000. He was Minister of Agriculture from 2003 to 2007, and on September 5, 2005 was appointed as Prime Minister again, serving until September 7, 2006. In July 2007 he resigned from the government, together with Prime Minister Lyonpo Khandu Wangchuk and five other ministers, to enter politics and prepare for the country's first ever democratic election in 2008. Lyonpo Sangay Ngedup, whose demonstrated leadership style is democratic, was unanimously elected as president and leader of the newly constituted People's Democratic Party.
wn.com/Sangay_Ngedup -
Songtsän Gampo
Songtsän Gampo (Tibetan:
སྲོང་བཙན་སྒམ་པོ་, Wylie: Srong-btsan sGam-po, 569–649?/605–649?) was the founder of the Tibetan Empire (Tibetan: Bod; Chinese: 吐蕃; pinyin: Tǔbō / Tǔfán), by tradition held to be the thirty-third ruler in his dynasty. In the Chinese records, his name is given as Sōngzàngānbù (松贊干布) or Qìzōnglòngzàn (棄宗弄贊).
His mother, the queen, is identified as 'Bri-bza' Thod-dkar-ma. The dates of his birth and when he took the throne are not certain. In Tibetan accounts, it is generally accepted that he was born in in an ox-year, which means one of the following dates: 557, 569, 581, 583, 605 or 617 CE.) He is thought to have ascended the throne at age thirteen (twelve by Western reckoning), by this reckoning c. 629 CE.
There are difficulties with this position, however, and several earlier dates for the birth of Songtsän Gampo have been suggested, including 569, 593 or 605. The question must remain open.
It is said that Songtsän Gampo was born at Gyama, in Maldro (a region to the northeast of modern Lhasa), the son of the Yarlung king Namri Songtsen. The book The Holder of the White Lotus says that it is believed that he was a manifestation of the Buddhist Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, of whom the Dalai Lama are similarly believed to be a manifestation of. He is also said to have had webbed hands and feet, a deformed face and odd skin; the early Tibetans saw him as a god and enthroned him. His identification as a cakravartin or incarnation of Avalokiteśvara began in earnest in the indigenous Buddhist literary histories of the 11th. century.
wn.com/Songtsän_Gampo -
Taiwan
Taiwan (i/ˌtaɪˈwɑːn/ TY-WAHN; Chinese: 臺灣 or 台灣; pinyin: Táiwān; see below), officially the Republic of China (ROC; Chinese: 中華民國; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó), is a state in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China now governs the island of Taiwan (formerly known as Formosa), which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other minor islands. Neighboring states include the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east and northeast, and the Philippines to the south. Taipei is the capital city and economic and cultural centre of the country, and New Taipei is the most populous city.
The earliest evidence of inhabitation of Taiwan dates back to the late Paleolithic era. The island of Taiwan was mainly inhabited by Taiwanese aborigines before being colonized in the 17th century by the Dutch and the Spanish Empire. The first Han Chinese polity on Taiwan began when Koxinga's troops defeated Dutch forces and established the Kingdom of Tungning. The island was subsequently ruled by the Qing Dynasty after the kingdom's defeat in the Battle of Penghu in 1683, a period that lasted for over 200 years. Following Japan's victory over the Qing Dynasty in the first Sino-Japanese war, Taiwan was ceded to Japan under the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895.
wn.com/Taiwan -
Ugyen Wangchuck
Gongsa Ugyen Wangchuck (Dzongkha:
, Wylie: o rgyan dbang phyug; 1862–1926) was the first King of Bhutan from 1907 to 1926.
He was born in 1862 to Jigme Namgyal, penlop (governor) of Trongsa and Ashi Pema Choki. He succeeded his father as Penlop of Trongsa. From his power base in central Bhutan, Ugyen Wangchuck defeated his political enemies and united the country following several civil wars and rebellions in 1882–1885.
In 1907, an epochal year for the country, Ugyen Wangchuck was unanimously chosen as the hereditary monarch of the country by the people at Punakha, the old capital of Bhutan.
For his services in mediating between the British and Tibetans during the Younghusband Expedition to Lhasa, Tibet, he was knighted by the British in 1904. He was appointed Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE) in the 1921 New Year Honours, having already been appointed Knight Commander (KCIE) in 1904.
wn.com/Ugyen_Wangchuck
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bhutan news mpeg2video 001
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:06
- Updated: 06 Jul 2012
http://wn.com/bhutan_news_mpeg2video_001
SBS News - Bhutan prepares for royal wedding
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:53
- Updated: 07 Sep 2012
The King of Bhutan, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck will exchange vows with Jetsun Pema, a commoner whose father is an airline pilot. Watch World News Australia 6.30pm nightly and 9.30pm Mon-Fri on SBS ONE.
http://wn.com/SBS_News_Bhutan_prepares_for_royal_wedding
The King of Bhutan, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck will exchange vows with Jetsun Pema, a commoner whose father is an airline pilot. Watch World News Australia 6.30pm nightly and 9.30pm Mon-Fri on SBS ONE.
- published: 13 Oct 2011
- views: 7952
- author: WorldNewsAustralia
People's Voice- Are we Bhutanese losing our values?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 48:17
- Updated: 26 Nov 2012
A discussion forum that goes behind the scenes, uncovers national issues and concerns affecting people. It is a forum that provides public space for the citizens to express opinions, views on concerns related to governance, business, environment and social services. Every Sunday at 8.05pm (Dzongkha) & 9.05pm (English) Tweet your comments/views during the show @dawabbs.
http://wn.com/People's_Voice_Are_we_Bhutanese_losing_our_values?
A discussion forum that goes behind the scenes, uncovers national issues and concerns affecting people. It is a forum that provides public space for the citizens to express opinions, views on concerns related to governance, business, environment and social services. Every Sunday at 8.05pm (Dzongkha) & 9.05pm (English) Tweet your comments/views during the show @dawabbs.
- published: 26 Nov 2012
- views: 26
- author: bbsbhutan
Bhutan battles substance abuse - 02 Nov 07 - Hot Latest News
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:04
- Updated: 08 Aug 2012
Drinking alcohol is an integral part of life in the Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan. But now it's become the country's number one killer. And as the reclusive nation opens up to modern influences, many of the country's adults are having to battle alcohol abuse and drug addiction. Al Jazeera's Jane Dutton reports. - Hot Latest News - Watch more on fastlatestnews.com
http://wn.com/Bhutan_battles_substance_abuse_02_Nov_07_Hot_Latest_News
Drinking alcohol is an integral part of life in the Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan. But now it's become the country's number one killer. And as the reclusive nation opens up to modern influences, many of the country's adults are having to battle alcohol abuse and drug addiction. Al Jazeera's Jane Dutton reports. - Hot Latest News - Watch more on fastlatestnews.com
- published: 03 Jul 2012
- views: 140
- author: HotLatestNews
Sanischare Fire 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:50
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
A night inferno that reportedly started from a hut in Sanischare camp when the hut owner was performing Laxmi Puja on Tuesday night at 10:15 pm has placed 110 individuals. Sub-Inspector of camp-based Armed Police Force (APF), Rit Bahadur Basnet, confirmed that those displaced by fire included refugees from various 40 huts of Sector D1, D2 and D3.
http://wn.com/Sanischare_Fire_2012
A night inferno that reportedly started from a hut in Sanischare camp when the hut owner was performing Laxmi Puja on Tuesday night at 10:15 pm has placed 110 individuals. Sub-Inspector of camp-based Armed Police Force (APF), Rit Bahadur Basnet, confirmed that those displaced by fire included refugees from various 40 huts of Sector D1, D2 and D3.
- published: 14 Nov 2012
- views: 1082
- author: BhutanNewsService
Fire leaves 10000 Bhutanese refugees homeless - 08 Mar 08 - Hot Latest News
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:44
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
Fire has ripped through a refugee camp in Nepal destroying the homes of more than 10000 people from nearby Bhutan. More than 100000 refugees from Bhutan have been living in Nepal after being forced to flee their Himalayan home in the 1990s. Last year a deal was struck to resettle 60000 of the refugees in the United States. But that controversial process is yet to begin. - Hot Latest News - Watch more on fastlatestnews.com
http://wn.com/Fire_leaves_10000_Bhutanese_refugees_homeless_08_Mar_08_Hot_Latest_News
Fire has ripped through a refugee camp in Nepal destroying the homes of more than 10000 people from nearby Bhutan. More than 100000 refugees from Bhutan have been living in Nepal after being forced to flee their Himalayan home in the 1990s. Last year a deal was struck to resettle 60000 of the refugees in the United States. But that controversial process is yet to begin. - Hot Latest News - Watch more on fastlatestnews.com
- published: 06 Jul 2012
- views: 216
- author: HotLatestNews
The First Royal Wedding Anniversary, Bhutan.mov
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:38
- Updated: 13 Nov 2012
In The Service Of The People; With Love That Knows No Bounds; Their Journey Continues...
http://wn.com/The_First_Royal_Wedding_Anniversary,_Bhutanmov
In The Service Of The People; With Love That Knows No Bounds; Their Journey Continues...
- published: 20 Oct 2012
- views: 2896
- author: Jamyang Wangchuk
Social Good Summit in Bhutan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 37:06
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
Social Good Summit in Bhutan
http://wn.com/Social_Good_Summit_in_Bhutan
Social Good Summit in Bhutan
- published: 28 Sep 2012
- views: 310
- author: bbschannel2
Interview with Leela Nisha - Part I
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:30
- Updated: 13 Sep 2012
Former central chairperson of the Bhutanese Refugee Women Forum (BRWF), Leela Limbhu 'Nisha' is of the opinion that the Bhutanese community would be really proud if young writers emerge from every refugee hut. She has said that writers in camps are not merely focussed to creations on love affairs, claiming that they have been revealing very good stories out of their suffering and pain provoked by unfruitful camp life. However, she expressed her sadness over lack of women writers in the community. Prior to her resettlement in the United States weeks ago, Nisha talked to Vidhyapati Mishra of the Bhutan News Service about her literary career and other related aspects.
http://wn.com/Interview_with_Leela_Nisha_Part_I
Former central chairperson of the Bhutanese Refugee Women Forum (BRWF), Leela Limbhu 'Nisha' is of the opinion that the Bhutanese community would be really proud if young writers emerge from every refugee hut. She has said that writers in camps are not merely focussed to creations on love affairs, claiming that they have been revealing very good stories out of their suffering and pain provoked by unfruitful camp life. However, she expressed her sadness over lack of women writers in the community. Prior to her resettlement in the United States weeks ago, Nisha talked to Vidhyapati Mishra of the Bhutan News Service about her literary career and other related aspects.
- published: 13 Sep 2012
- views: 482
- author: BhutanNewsService
Bhutan's deprived refugees - 23 Mar 08 - Hot Latest News
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:06
- Updated: 08 Aug 2012
Rush hour in the border town of Phuentsholing in southern Bhutan and one of the main crossing points with India. Every day thousands of people pass through here into the Himalayan kingdom. Some enter for a better job with higher pay some hoping for a better future. Most are Indian or Nepalese. But do they really have a future as refugees in Bhutan? - Hot Latest News - Watch more on fastlatestnews.com
http://wn.com/Bhutan's_deprived_refugees_23_Mar_08_Hot_Latest_News
Rush hour in the border town of Phuentsholing in southern Bhutan and one of the main crossing points with India. Every day thousands of people pass through here into the Himalayan kingdom. Some enter for a better job with higher pay some hoping for a better future. Most are Indian or Nepalese. But do they really have a future as refugees in Bhutan? - Hot Latest News - Watch more on fastlatestnews.com
- published: 06 Jul 2012
- views: 82
- author: HotLatestNews
Bhutan, Gross National Happiness and Sustainable Development
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:32
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
Bhutan, a small country enshrined in the Himalaya's leads the way in the pursuit of holistic, inclusive and truly environmentally sustainable development. This commitment emanates from the visionary statement in the early 1970s, of His Majesty, the Fourth King of Bhutan, Jigme Singye Wangchuck, who said that Gross National Happiness was more important than the Gross National Product. This Sustainable Development philosophy has its roots in the Buddhist belief that there is more to life than material development. According to beliefs, true development happens when spiritual, social, environmental, and economic developments occur in harmony with each other. Since then all policies and laws in Bhutan need to be in line with the four pillars of Gross National Happiness, which are: Equitable socio-economic development, Preservation of culture, Conservation of the environment, and Good governance. This has become Bhutan's central development philosophy, and has made the country a champion in the pursuit of Sustainable Development. The joint UNDP-UNEP Poverty-Environment Initiative, PEI, is supporting the Royal Government of Bhutan's efforts in ensuring this greening effort is reflected in its development plans, programmes and budgets. In 2010, a Joint Support Programme with the Gross National Happiness Commission as the lead agency was implemented to enhance capacity of central and local government functionaries and officials including CSOs/NGOs to make sure that any ...
http://wn.com/Bhutan,_Gross_National_Happiness_and_Sustainable_Development
Bhutan, a small country enshrined in the Himalaya's leads the way in the pursuit of holistic, inclusive and truly environmentally sustainable development. This commitment emanates from the visionary statement in the early 1970s, of His Majesty, the Fourth King of Bhutan, Jigme Singye Wangchuck, who said that Gross National Happiness was more important than the Gross National Product. This Sustainable Development philosophy has its roots in the Buddhist belief that there is more to life than material development. According to beliefs, true development happens when spiritual, social, environmental, and economic developments occur in harmony with each other. Since then all policies and laws in Bhutan need to be in line with the four pillars of Gross National Happiness, which are: Equitable socio-economic development, Preservation of culture, Conservation of the environment, and Good governance. This has become Bhutan's central development philosophy, and has made the country a champion in the pursuit of Sustainable Development. The joint UNDP-UNEP Poverty-Environment Initiative, PEI, is supporting the Royal Government of Bhutan's efforts in ensuring this greening effort is reflected in its development plans, programmes and budgets. In 2010, a Joint Support Programme with the Gross National Happiness Commission as the lead agency was implemented to enhance capacity of central and local government functionaries and officials including CSOs/NGOs to make sure that any ...
- published: 05 Sep 2012
- views: 1665
- author: PEI AsiaPacific
Longest handshaking of Bhutanese refugees
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:34
- Updated: 13 Sep 2012
A continuous handshaking of 51 hours ended earlier today in Beldangi-II of Jhapa. Neel Hari Upreti and Dik Man Gurung successfully completed the 50-hour-long handshaking at AMDA Hall at 13:00 hours on Thursday, declaring their determination to set a new record of 70 hours in the Guinness World Record in near future.
http://wn.com/Longest_handshaking_of_Bhutanese_refugees
A continuous handshaking of 51 hours ended earlier today in Beldangi-II of Jhapa. Neel Hari Upreti and Dik Man Gurung successfully completed the 50-hour-long handshaking at AMDA Hall at 13:00 hours on Thursday, declaring their determination to set a new record of 70 hours in the Guinness World Record in near future.
- published: 19 Jul 2012
- views: 775
- author: BhutanNewsService
London Olympics Opening Ceremony- Part 13: Will Bhutan be in it?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:18
- Updated: 13 Sep 2012
The Games of the XXX Olympiad are finally underway in London and as the Opening Ceremony takes place, HPANWO TV is there to see what happens! (See here for background: hpanwo.blogspot.co.uk
http://wn.com/London_Olympics_Opening_Ceremony_Part_13_Will_Bhutan_be_in_it?
The Games of the XXX Olympiad are finally underway in London and as the Opening Ceremony takes place, HPANWO TV is there to see what happens! (See here for background: hpanwo.blogspot.co.uk
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 713
- author: benthejrporter
Netra's News - ep. 24: Gross National Happiness in Bhutan & on Maui
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 59:58
- Updated: 14 Aug 2012
Netra Halperin interviews Kutira Decosterd and Robin Knox about "Gross National Happiness" as is currently being implemented in Bhutan, and it's potential as an alternative to "gross national product" as an indicator for the US and other countries.
http://wn.com/Netra's_News_ep_24_Gross_National_Happiness_in_Bhutan_on_Maui
Netra Halperin interviews Kutira Decosterd and Robin Knox about "Gross National Happiness" as is currently being implemented in Bhutan, and it's potential as an alternative to "gross national product" as an indicator for the US and other countries.
- published: 28 Jul 2012
- views: 178
- author: NetrasNews
Bhutan This Week (Nov. 23-29)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:00
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
Bhutan This Week-- a look back into the week's top news stories from across the Kingdom with BBS Editors on Friday @10:30 pm.
http://wn.com/Bhutan_This_Week_Nov_23-29
Bhutan This Week-- a look back into the week's top news stories from across the Kingdom with BBS Editors on Friday @10:30 pm.
- published: 30 Nov 2012
- author: bbsbhutan
Interview with Pratap Subba : Part I
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:45
- Updated: 14 Oct 2012
Senior music composer and singer of popular songs like Bandhanko Chino and Maney Maryo, Pratap Subba, has said the Bhutanese musicians have achieved a lot in the camps, but still lack enough resources to progress. According to Subba, young artists could foster well if they remain dedicated towards musics after their resettlement in the west considering availability of means and resources. Subba expressed that there may be lesser time investments for composition, but recording a song or producing an album would be easier. Journalist Dikesh Lama has talked to singer Subba in this regard and other relevant issues.
http://wn.com/Interview_with_Pratap_Subba_Part_I
Senior music composer and singer of popular songs like Bandhanko Chino and Maney Maryo, Pratap Subba, has said the Bhutanese musicians have achieved a lot in the camps, but still lack enough resources to progress. According to Subba, young artists could foster well if they remain dedicated towards musics after their resettlement in the west considering availability of means and resources. Subba expressed that there may be lesser time investments for composition, but recording a song or producing an album would be easier. Journalist Dikesh Lama has talked to singer Subba in this regard and other relevant issues.
- published: 12 Aug 2012
- views: 751
- author: BhutanNewsService
Zhey-go-bay-gay: Beef Pa with Mustard leaf
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:23
- Updated: 04 Nov 2012
Zhey-go-bay-gay: Beef Pa with Mustard leaf
http://wn.com/Zhey-go-bay-gay_Beef_Pa_with_Mustard_leaf
Zhey-go-bay-gay: Beef Pa with Mustard leaf
- published: 24 Sep 2012
- views: 255
- author: bbschannel2
Bhutanese Artists - Bhutan News Service
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:40
- Updated: 26 Sep 2011
Bhutanese artists present a skit Thrown Book during an art competition organised to mark the World Refugee Day in 2010.
http://wn.com/Bhutanese_Artists_Bhutan_News_Service
Bhutanese artists present a skit Thrown Book during an art competition organised to mark the World Refugee Day in 2010.
- published: 26 Sep 2011
- views: 1313
- author: vidhyapati
Happiness Concept - Bhutan's Gross National Happiness vs. GDP
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:26
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
How to Achieve Happiness? Making Sense of Bhutan's Gross National Happiness - as part of the news and politics series by GeoBeats. For much of the world, individual prosperity and happiness are tied to the economic progress of a country and a key economic indicator used by various governments is the GDP or gross domestic product. This paradigm essentially implies that more we produce, happier we will be. The small country of Bhutan has challenged that notion by using Gross National Happiness or GNH as a key indicator for its progress vs. the commonly used Gross Domestic Product. Located between the two Asian powerhouses - China and India, Bhutan has a tremendously rich culture as well as immense natural beauty. In 1972, the King of Bhutan at that time came up with the term "gross national happiness" as a guiding principle for country's future progress. More recently, at a Columbia University event in 2010, the Prime Minister of Bhutan, Prime Minister Thinley described GNH : While some argue such ideas are hard to implement at a practical level, Bhutan seems to incorporate them into every fabric of its society. New York Times noted in a 2009 article on Bhutan that "Under a new Constitution adopted last year, government programs — from agriculture to transportation to foreign trade — must be judged not by the economic benefits they may offer but by the happiness they produce." Even Bhutan's tourism video emphasizes the notion of happiness: The rest of the world seems to be ...
http://wn.com/Happiness_Concept_Bhutan's_Gross_National_Happiness_vs_GDP
How to Achieve Happiness? Making Sense of Bhutan's Gross National Happiness - as part of the news and politics series by GeoBeats. For much of the world, individual prosperity and happiness are tied to the economic progress of a country and a key economic indicator used by various governments is the GDP or gross domestic product. This paradigm essentially implies that more we produce, happier we will be. The small country of Bhutan has challenged that notion by using Gross National Happiness or GNH as a key indicator for its progress vs. the commonly used Gross Domestic Product. Located between the two Asian powerhouses - China and India, Bhutan has a tremendously rich culture as well as immense natural beauty. In 1972, the King of Bhutan at that time came up with the term "gross national happiness" as a guiding principle for country's future progress. More recently, at a Columbia University event in 2010, the Prime Minister of Bhutan, Prime Minister Thinley described GNH : While some argue such ideas are hard to implement at a practical level, Bhutan seems to incorporate them into every fabric of its society. New York Times noted in a 2009 article on Bhutan that "Under a new Constitution adopted last year, government programs — from agriculture to transportation to foreign trade — must be judged not by the economic benefits they may offer but by the happiness they produce." Even Bhutan's tourism video emphasizes the notion of happiness: The rest of the world seems to be ...
- published: 12 Apr 2012
- views: 1366
- author: geobeats
Entrepreneurship Matters in Bhutan: Dechhen Pelden at TEDxThimphu
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:08
- Updated: 28 Nov 2012
Dechhen Pelden is a Bhutanese Entrepreneur and Managing Partner of Chharu Tshongdel. She was educated in India and in the USA and returned to Bhutan to run the family business of exporting Bhutanese Red Rice and is currently working on expanding into new markets and diversifying the business. In thespirit of ideas worth spreading, TEDx is a program of local, self-organized events that bring people together to share a TED-like experience. At a TEDx event, TEDTalks video and live speakers combine to spark deep discussion and connection in a small group. These local, self-organized events are branded TEDx, where x = independently organized TED event. The TED Conference provides general guidance for the TEDx program, but individual TEDx events are self-organized.* (*Subject to certain rules and regulations)
http://wn.com/Entrepreneurship_Matters_in_Bhutan_Dechhen_Pelden_at_TEDxThimphu
Dechhen Pelden is a Bhutanese Entrepreneur and Managing Partner of Chharu Tshongdel. She was educated in India and in the USA and returned to Bhutan to run the family business of exporting Bhutanese Red Rice and is currently working on expanding into new markets and diversifying the business. In thespirit of ideas worth spreading, TEDx is a program of local, self-organized events that bring people together to share a TED-like experience. At a TEDx event, TEDTalks video and live speakers combine to spark deep discussion and connection in a small group. These local, self-organized events are branded TEDx, where x = independently organized TED event. The TED Conference provides general guidance for the TEDx program, but individual TEDx events are self-organized.* (*Subject to certain rules and regulations)
- published: 27 Apr 2012
- views: 1508
- author: TEDxTalks
2012 Bhutan Purjang ceremony of Dungse Thinley Norbu Rinpoche 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:43
- Updated: 08 Oct 2012
In the early hours of the purjang, coinciding with the 10th day of first Bhutanese month, the purkhang premises（crematorium）was already filled, and many sat on rocks, under pine trees, and the facing hillslope. The purkhang stood on an intricately carved dais, with a traditional roof over it, held by four pillars painted in Bhutanese design. The purjang ceremony began at four in the morning, with the kudung housed in a small temple. The sound of religious instruments, especially drums and ritual bells, filled the entire Dagophu village in the silent and chilly morning. Facing the purkhang from the west, the reincarnation of His Holiness Dudjom Jigdral Yeshe Dorji, Sangay Pema Rinpoche, performed the Dorji Sempai lachoepa（Vajrasattava）. www.kuenselonline.com
http://wn.com/2012_Bhutan_Purjang_ceremony_of_Dungse_Thinley_Norbu_Rinpoche_1
In the early hours of the purjang, coinciding with the 10th day of first Bhutanese month, the purkhang premises（crematorium）was already filled, and many sat on rocks, under pine trees, and the facing hillslope. The purkhang stood on an intricately carved dais, with a traditional roof over it, held by four pillars painted in Bhutanese design. The purjang ceremony began at four in the morning, with the kudung housed in a small temple. The sound of religious instruments, especially drums and ritual bells, filled the entire Dagophu village in the silent and chilly morning. Facing the purkhang from the west, the reincarnation of His Holiness Dudjom Jigdral Yeshe Dorji, Sangay Pema Rinpoche, performed the Dorji Sempai lachoepa（Vajrasattava）. www.kuenselonline.com
- published: 19 Mar 2012
- views: 6414
- author: dudjumnewtreature
Interview with Durga Devi Bista
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:20
- Updated: 22 May 2012
Having settled around 60000 exiled Bhutanese from Nepal, the UNHCR and Government of Nepal still estimate that over 3000 asylum seekers from Bhutan are still longing for refugee status. Of this some 1200 are non-Bhutanese women married to Bhutanese refugees. Those who are without refugee status due to various reasons have been fighting for their rights right from the beginning of the third country resettlement program. These people lack various facilities as enjoyed by their fellow-countrymen. In this regard, Vidhyapati Mishra of the Bhutan News Service has talked to coordinator of a women group, Durga Devi Bista, who has been advocating for the refugee status and facilities. She even led a fasting-to-death of 12 days in last november.
http://wn.com/Interview_with_Durga_Devi_Bista
Having settled around 60000 exiled Bhutanese from Nepal, the UNHCR and Government of Nepal still estimate that over 3000 asylum seekers from Bhutan are still longing for refugee status. Of this some 1200 are non-Bhutanese women married to Bhutanese refugees. Those who are without refugee status due to various reasons have been fighting for their rights right from the beginning of the third country resettlement program. These people lack various facilities as enjoyed by their fellow-countrymen. In this regard, Vidhyapati Mishra of the Bhutan News Service has talked to coordinator of a women group, Durga Devi Bista, who has been advocating for the refugee status and facilities. She even led a fasting-to-death of 12 days in last november.
- published: 10 Apr 2012
- views: 833
- author: BhutanNewsService
Interview with Pratap Subba : Part II
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:16
- Updated: 29 Sep 2012
Senior music composer and singer of popular songs like Bandhanko Chino and Maney Maryo, Pratap Subba, has said the Bhutanese musicians have achieved a lot in the camps, but still lack enough resources to progress. According to Subba, young artists could foster well if they remain dedicated towards musics after their resettlement in the west considering availability of means and resources. Subba expressed that there may be lesser time investments for composition, but recording a song or producing an album would be easier. Journalist Dikesh Lama has talked to singer Subba in this regard and other relevant issues.
http://wn.com/Interview_with_Pratap_Subba_Part_II
Senior music composer and singer of popular songs like Bandhanko Chino and Maney Maryo, Pratap Subba, has said the Bhutanese musicians have achieved a lot in the camps, but still lack enough resources to progress. According to Subba, young artists could foster well if they remain dedicated towards musics after their resettlement in the west considering availability of means and resources. Subba expressed that there may be lesser time investments for composition, but recording a song or producing an album would be easier. Journalist Dikesh Lama has talked to singer Subba in this regard and other relevant issues.
- published: 12 Aug 2012
- views: 595
- author: BhutanNewsService
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Gross National Happiness - Bhutan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 16:30
- Updated: 01 Nov 2012
1 September 1999 The kingdom of Bhutan is placing environmental concerns and spiritual wellbeing over rampant capitalism. Produced by ABC Australia Distributed by Journeyman Pictures
http://wn.com/Gross_National_Happiness_Bhutan
1 September 1999 The kingdom of Bhutan is placing environmental concerns and spiritual wellbeing over rampant capitalism. Produced by ABC Australia Distributed by Journeyman Pictures
- published: 21 Dec 2007
- views: 139963
- author: journeymanpictures
Dragon Kingdom - Bhutan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:38
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
June 2005 In a world where despots cling to power by any means, Bhutan's much loved King is voluntarily relinquishing control. It's part of a plan to engage with the wider world. This tiny mountain kingdom is one of the least undisturbed places on earth. Here, emphasis is placed on 'Gross National Happiness', and schools teach children to live in harmony. "We are an independent kingdom with a very strong policy that preserves our environment," explains author Tshewang Dhendup. The king is widely revered across the country. "He's a very humble man," explains one friend. "No Swiss bank accounts, no Lear jets. Lives in a log cabin." His subjects are still coming to terms with his decision to share power. In recent years, Bhutan has started reaching beyond the mountains. But nothing is allowed to endanger its unique culture Produced by ABC Australia Distributed by Journeyman Pictures
http://wn.com/Dragon_Kingdom_Bhutan
June 2005 In a world where despots cling to power by any means, Bhutan's much loved King is voluntarily relinquishing control. It's part of a plan to engage with the wider world. This tiny mountain kingdom is one of the least undisturbed places on earth. Here, emphasis is placed on 'Gross National Happiness', and schools teach children to live in harmony. "We are an independent kingdom with a very strong policy that preserves our environment," explains author Tshewang Dhendup. The king is widely revered across the country. "He's a very humble man," explains one friend. "No Swiss bank accounts, no Lear jets. Lives in a log cabin." His subjects are still coming to terms with his decision to share power. In recent years, Bhutan has started reaching beyond the mountains. But nothing is allowed to endanger its unique culture Produced by ABC Australia Distributed by Journeyman Pictures
- published: 06 Nov 2007
- views: 206887
- author: journeymanpictures
Himalaya with Michael Palin - part 6 - Bhutan to the Bay of Bengal
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 59:01
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
Michael Palin concludes his Himalayan trek. In Bhutan, Palin has a last look at the high Himalaya. Trekking to Chomolhari Base Camp he meets a nomad with a penchant for yak songs before reaching Paro to witness the Buddhist festival of Tsechu. En route to Bangladesh he sees rare black-neck cranes. In Bangladesh he visits the beaches of Chittagong and grid-locked Dhaka and completes his journey on a fishing boat in the Bay of Bengal.
http://wn.com/Himalaya_with_Michael_Palin_part_6_Bhutan_to_the_Bay_of_Bengal
Michael Palin concludes his Himalayan trek. In Bhutan, Palin has a last look at the high Himalaya. Trekking to Chomolhari Base Camp he meets a nomad with a penchant for yak songs before reaching Paro to witness the Buddhist festival of Tsechu. En route to Bangladesh he sees rare black-neck cranes. In Bangladesh he visits the beaches of Chittagong and grid-locked Dhaka and completes his journey on a fishing boat in the Bay of Bengal.
- published: 10 Feb 2012
- views: 17035
- author: bratanciprian
Bhutan (Shangri-La)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:54
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
Truly a hidden shangri-la in the Hiamalyas. Breathtaking. Fascinating. Unforgettable!
http://wn.com/Bhutan_Shangri-La
Truly a hidden shangri-la in the Hiamalyas. Breathtaking. Fascinating. Unforgettable!
- published: 11 Dec 2008
- views: 230104
- author: 2flyndive
Most difficult landing in the world - Bhutan? (Original)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:19
- Updated: 04 Nov 2012
Paro, Bhutan in a A320. Visual flight rules only..no instrument landing systems..the jet jockey's dream..the passenger's nighmare! Fast forward to the last 3 minutes and you will see..
http://wn.com/Most_difficult_landing_in_the_world_Bhutan?_Original
Paro, Bhutan in a A320. Visual flight rules only..no instrument landing systems..the jet jockey's dream..the passenger's nighmare! Fast forward to the last 3 minutes and you will see..
- published: 25 Sep 2010
- views: 1644677
- author: Althams1
Postcards from Bhutan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:21
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
Neha Dixit takes a bus ride and goes deeper into this beautiful Himalayan kingdom. Watch full show: goodtimes.ndtv.com
http://wn.com/Postcards_from_Bhutan
Neha Dixit takes a bus ride and goes deeper into this beautiful Himalayan kingdom. Watch full show: goodtimes.ndtv.com
- published: 24 Jun 2012
- views: 760
- author: ndtvgoodtimes
Bhutan's royal wedding
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:41
- Updated: 30 Oct 2012
2011 is the year of the royal wedding - there was William and Kate, then Zara and England rugby star Mike Tindall. Today, it was the King of Bhutan tying the knot and it was a very different affair. Dignitaries and well-wishers gathered at an ancient monastic fortress to see King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuk marry his bride, 21-year-old student Jetsun Pema. For days before the wedding, monks held dawn prayer sessions in remote mountain valleys. Such was the popularity of the event, Bhutan's airline had to add extra flights to deal with the flood of visitors from abroad. The people of the young demoncracy between China and India are calling it a "once in a lifetime event." Wangchuck is not expected to follow the example of his father, who married four sisters from a wealthy family. Polygamy is allowed in Bhutan, but is rare.
http://wn.com/Bhutan's_royal_wedding
2011 is the year of the royal wedding - there was William and Kate, then Zara and England rugby star Mike Tindall. Today, it was the King of Bhutan tying the knot and it was a very different affair. Dignitaries and well-wishers gathered at an ancient monastic fortress to see King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuk marry his bride, 21-year-old student Jetsun Pema. For days before the wedding, monks held dawn prayer sessions in remote mountain valleys. Such was the popularity of the event, Bhutan's airline had to add extra flights to deal with the flood of visitors from abroad. The people of the young demoncracy between China and India are calling it a "once in a lifetime event." Wangchuck is not expected to follow the example of his father, who married four sisters from a wealthy family. Polygamy is allowed in Bhutan, but is rare.
- published: 13 Oct 2011
- views: 142047
- author: ITVNews
Bhutan - Monasteries, King and Foreign relations.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:02
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
http://wn.com/Bhutan_Monasteries,_King_and_Foreign_relations
- published: 06 Oct 2012
- views: 207
- author: MrDharma11
The Bhutanese Refugee Journey: From A Refugee Camp in Nepal to New Life in Seattle
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:45
- Updated: 21 Oct 2012
After 17 years in a refugee camp in SE Nepal, the Rizal family was resettled in Seattle's Rainier Valley in 2008. This story follows the journey of Bhutanese refugees as they leave the camps in route to their new homes in countries around the world, via a transit center in Kathmandu where they get final medical screenings and cultural orientation. The piece originally aired on The Seattle Channel program City Stream. The 2 other segments in a 3 part series connecting Seattle and Nepal can be seen at www.youtube.com & www.youtube.com This segment was written by Penny LeGate who I collaborated with on this series. This video was produced by www.PangealityProductions.com Become a fan on Facebook at http
http://wn.com/The_Bhutanese_Refugee_Journey_From_A_Refugee_Camp_in_Nepal_to_New_Life_in_Seattle
After 17 years in a refugee camp in SE Nepal, the Rizal family was resettled in Seattle's Rainier Valley in 2008. This story follows the journey of Bhutanese refugees as they leave the camps in route to their new homes in countries around the world, via a transit center in Kathmandu where they get final medical screenings and cultural orientation. The piece originally aired on The Seattle Channel program City Stream. The 2 other segments in a 3 part series connecting Seattle and Nepal can be seen at www.youtube.com & www.youtube.com This segment was written by Penny LeGate who I collaborated with on this series. This video was produced by www.PangealityProductions.com Become a fan on Facebook at http
- published: 03 Feb 2010
- views: 30365
- author: lendavis
Bhutan vs Afghanistan (Highlights) SAFF Championships 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:19
- Updated: 31 Oct 2012
Bhutan 1-8 Afghanistan: Afghanistan routed Bhutan 8-1 in their final group A fixture and enthralled the audience at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium with their attacking brand of football. For more, visit goo.gl
http://wn.com/Bhutan_vs_Afghanistan_Highlights_SAFF_Championships_2011
Bhutan 1-8 Afghanistan: Afghanistan routed Bhutan 8-1 in their final group A fixture and enthralled the audience at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium with their attacking brand of football. For more, visit goo.gl
- published: 07 Dec 2011
- views: 56014
- author: saffchampionship
Bhutan - Fortress of the Gods
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 26:23
- Updated: 14 Oct 2012
'Bhutan - Fortress of the Gods' tells the story of modernisation of Bhutan under the leadership of King Jigme Singe Wangchuk. Credited with following a path of modernisation that balances local cultural needs with economic development the King coined the definer 'gross national happiness.' Bhutan is a unique example of a constitutional monarchy that harmoniously blends together its cultural heritage, spiritual moorings and practices, political ideology and its economic ambitions. The film visually evokes modern Bhutan, tucked away in the Himalayas and surrounded by huge nations like India and China, in all its various forms. The films also refers to its rich, cultural and religious history. Bhutan is a unique story, as the film demonstrates, of a nation building its own democracy in compliance with its particular character and history.
http://wn.com/Bhutan_Fortress_of_the_Gods
'Bhutan - Fortress of the Gods' tells the story of modernisation of Bhutan under the leadership of King Jigme Singe Wangchuk. Credited with following a path of modernisation that balances local cultural needs with economic development the King coined the definer 'gross national happiness.' Bhutan is a unique example of a constitutional monarchy that harmoniously blends together its cultural heritage, spiritual moorings and practices, political ideology and its economic ambitions. The film visually evokes modern Bhutan, tucked away in the Himalayas and surrounded by huge nations like India and China, in all its various forms. The films also refers to its rich, cultural and religious history. Bhutan is a unique story, as the film demonstrates, of a nation building its own democracy in compliance with its particular character and history.
- published: 28 May 2012
- views: 1330
- author: Indiandiplomacy
Bhutanese song 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:30
- Updated: 13 Oct 2012
Druk Star-Chimi Wangmo (RIgsar 2)
http://wn.com/Bhutanese_song_2012
Druk Star-Chimi Wangmo (RIgsar 2)
- published: 06 Jun 2012
- views: 2425
- author: MrDharma11
Top 5 Best actress in Bhutan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:19
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
Top 5 best actress in Bhutan,This are based on my opinion. Hope U enjoy iT!!! Number of photo increases with rank..
http://wn.com/Top_5_Best_actress_in_Bhutan
Top 5 best actress in Bhutan,This are based on my opinion. Hope U enjoy iT!!! Number of photo increases with rank..
- published: 05 Jul 2012
- views: 7549
- author: BhutanVevo love
Bhutan Gammon Aquaduct Animation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:12
- Updated: 15 Oct 2012
This is a Corporate Animated Picture depicting the process of Tunnel making ,currently carried out on behalf of Gammon India in Bhutan on Punatsangchu River. Known as Punatsanghchu Hydroelectric Electric Project (PHEP) .. The Animation Narrates each and every detail that Tunnel making takes up... Credits : 3D Modeling /Texturing / Lighting/ Animation :- Rajan Pradhan Post Production :- Mandar Satpute Narration :- Tejas Tamane Developed at :- Arrow Design Studio,Aurangabad(Mah) India www.arrow-studio.com
http://wn.com/Bhutan_Gammon_Aquaduct_Animation
This is a Corporate Animated Picture depicting the process of Tunnel making ,currently carried out on behalf of Gammon India in Bhutan on Punatsangchu River. Known as Punatsanghchu Hydroelectric Electric Project (PHEP) .. The Animation Narrates each and every detail that Tunnel making takes up... Credits : 3D Modeling /Texturing / Lighting/ Animation :- Rajan Pradhan Post Production :- Mandar Satpute Narration :- Tejas Tamane Developed at :- Arrow Design Studio,Aurangabad(Mah) India www.arrow-studio.com
- published: 19 Mar 2012
- views: 759
- author: Rajan Pradhan
Assam violence affects Bhutan, tourism at a standstill - NewsX
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:38
- Updated: 31 Aug 2012
The fallout of 46 days of violence in Assam goes beyond the just the state's borders. Bhutan which adjoins Assam is feeling it hard too, in tourism - its lifeline - at an all time low. And even supply lines for essential commodities as good as blocked. For more log on to www.newsx.com
http://wn.com/Assam_violence_affects_Bhutan,_tourism_at_a_standstill_NewsX
The fallout of 46 days of violence in Assam goes beyond the just the state's borders. Bhutan which adjoins Assam is feeling it hard too, in tourism - its lifeline - at an all time low. And even supply lines for essential commodities as good as blocked. For more log on to www.newsx.com
- published: 31 Aug 2012
- views: 992
- author: newsxlive
How to Travel to Bhutan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:04
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
The high price of travel keeps most backpackers from visiting, up to $350 per day for the visa and tour cost and a standard $750 roundtrip on Druk Airways, but here's the deal: You absolutely get what you pay for. I recommend going through Bhutan Majestic Travel: www.bhutanmajestictravel.com
http://wn.com/How_to_Travel_to_Bhutan
The high price of travel keeps most backpackers from visiting, up to $350 per day for the visa and tour cost and a standard $750 roundtrip on Druk Airways, but here's the deal: You absolutely get what you pay for. I recommend going through Bhutan Majestic Travel: www.bhutanmajestictravel.com
- published: 19 Jan 2012
- views: 5911
- author: antonseim
Jonathan Harris: Balloons for Bhutan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:34
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Background and context: www.brainpickings.org Excerpt from Harris's 2007 EG / TED talk, available under a Creative Commons license: www.ted.com
http://wn.com/Jonathan_Harris_Balloons_for_Bhutan
Background and context: www.brainpickings.org Excerpt from Harris's 2007 EG / TED talk, available under a Creative Commons license: www.ted.com
- published: 02 Nov 2011
- views: 11201
- author: brainpickings
Living Cars: Royal Enfield Tour of Bhutan 2012 - NewsX
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:34
- Updated: 22 Oct 2012
Get ready for a bike ride to heaven. Shams Raza Naqvi of Living Cars joins a group of 30 Royal Enfield bikers from all over India for a road trip through the beautiful Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan. The ride starts from Siliguri in West Bengal, proceeds to the Darjeeling - the Queen of Hills and then moves towards the state of Sikkim. From Sikkim the riders approach Phuentsholing, the entry point to Bhutan. And then the group rides in Bhutan for the next seven days through some great roads and beautiful landscapes. After crossing the length and breadth of the majestic country, the ride ends in Guwahati, Assam.
http://wn.com/Living_Cars_Royal_Enfield_Tour_of_Bhutan_2012_NewsX
Get ready for a bike ride to heaven. Shams Raza Naqvi of Living Cars joins a group of 30 Royal Enfield bikers from all over India for a road trip through the beautiful Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan. The ride starts from Siliguri in West Bengal, proceeds to the Darjeeling - the Queen of Hills and then moves towards the state of Sikkim. From Sikkim the riders approach Phuentsholing, the entry point to Bhutan. And then the group rides in Bhutan for the next seven days through some great roads and beautiful landscapes. After crossing the length and breadth of the majestic country, the ride ends in Guwahati, Assam.
- published: 06 Jun 2012
- views: 5710
- author: newsxlive
Bhutan: The Happiest Place on Earth
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:21
- Updated: 11 Oct 2012
7 days in Bhutan, shot on a Canon 550D. Edited in Windows Live Movie Maker. Song: Afternoon by Youth Lagoon from the album The Year of Hibernation The trip was organized through: www.bhutanpeakadventure.com
http://wn.com/Bhutan_The_Happiest_Place_on_Earth
7 days in Bhutan, shot on a Canon 550D. Edited in Windows Live Movie Maker. Song: Afternoon by Youth Lagoon from the album The Year of Hibernation The trip was organized through: www.bhutanpeakadventure.com
- published: 24 Sep 2012
- views: 1828
- author: adnea00
Bhutan, in pursuit of Sustainable Development
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:32
- Updated: 29 Oct 2012
Bhutan, a small country enshrined in the Himalaya's leads the way in the pursuit of holistic, inclusive and truly environmentally sustainable development. This commitment emanates from the visionary statement in the early 1970s, of His Majesty, the Fourth King of Bhutan, Jigme Singye Wangchuck, who said that Gross National Happiness was more important than the Gross National Product. This Sustainable Development philosophy has its roots in the Buddhist belief that there is more to life than material development. According to beliefs, true development happens when spiritual, social, environmental, and economic developments occur in harmony with each other. Since then all policies and laws in Bhutan need to be in line with the four pillars of Gross National Happiness, which are: Equitable socio-economic development, Preservation of culture, Conservation of the environment, and Good governance. This has become Bhutan's central development philosophy, and has made the country a champion in the pursuit of Sustainable Development. The joint UNDP-UNEP Poverty-Environment Initiative, PEI, is supporting the Royal Government of Bhutan's efforts in ensuring this greening effort is reflected in its development plans, programmes and budgets. In 2010, a Joint Support Programme with the Gross National Happiness Commission as the lead agency was implemented to enhance capacity of central and local government functionaries and officials including CSOs/NGOs to make sure that any ...
http://wn.com/Bhutan,_in_pursuit_of_Sustainable_Development
Bhutan, a small country enshrined in the Himalaya's leads the way in the pursuit of holistic, inclusive and truly environmentally sustainable development. This commitment emanates from the visionary statement in the early 1970s, of His Majesty, the Fourth King of Bhutan, Jigme Singye Wangchuck, who said that Gross National Happiness was more important than the Gross National Product. This Sustainable Development philosophy has its roots in the Buddhist belief that there is more to life than material development. According to beliefs, true development happens when spiritual, social, environmental, and economic developments occur in harmony with each other. Since then all policies and laws in Bhutan need to be in line with the four pillars of Gross National Happiness, which are: Equitable socio-economic development, Preservation of culture, Conservation of the environment, and Good governance. This has become Bhutan's central development philosophy, and has made the country a champion in the pursuit of Sustainable Development. The joint UNDP-UNEP Poverty-Environment Initiative, PEI, is supporting the Royal Government of Bhutan's efforts in ensuring this greening effort is reflected in its development plans, programmes and budgets. In 2010, a Joint Support Programme with the Gross National Happiness Commission as the lead agency was implemented to enhance capacity of central and local government functionaries and officials including CSOs/NGOs to make sure that any ...
- published: 05 Sep 2012
- views: 1082
- author: PEI AsiaPacific
Social Good Summit in Bhutan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 37:06
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
Social Good Summit in Bhutan
http://wn.com/Social_Good_Summit_in_Bhutan
Social Good Summit in Bhutan
- published: 28 Sep 2012
- views: 225
- author: bbschannel2
Why Bhutan did the opposite of privatization
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:21
- Updated: 31 Oct 2012
Let's think about what's going on in the United States right now...Everywhere you look - the profit motive is replacing the public good. What used to be our commons: our education systems, our roads and bridges, our social safety nets, our prisons, our water and power systems, you name it - they are all being devoured by billionaires and their for-profit corporations. And they only have one motive - to make higher and higher quarterly profits. So with the privatization of water facilities in Detroit - it's no longer a question of, "How water can be supplied to the most residents in the best way possible?" - it's now a question of, "How can the basic human need for water be used to turn a profit?" With the privatization of prisons in places like Ohio and Arizona - it's no longer a question of "How we can administer our criminal justice system for the good of the society?" - but, rather, "How we can lock up more and more Americans to increase profits?" And with the privatization of education - which can be seen in the push for charter schools and billionaire-funded Hollywood movies - it's no longer a question about, "How we can educate our kids to be leaders in the new economy?" - but, rather, "How we can shuffle kids in and out of classes in the most profitable way possible?" The Republican Party has pushed privatizing Social Security since the thirties, and privatizing Medicare since the sixties. Our food supply is now increasingly dominated by one private corporation ...
http://wn.com/Why_Bhutan_did_the_opposite_of_privatization
Let's think about what's going on in the United States right now...Everywhere you look - the profit motive is replacing the public good. What used to be our commons: our education systems, our roads and bridges, our social safety nets, our prisons, our water and power systems, you name it - they are all being devoured by billionaires and their for-profit corporations. And they only have one motive - to make higher and higher quarterly profits. So with the privatization of water facilities in Detroit - it's no longer a question of, "How water can be supplied to the most residents in the best way possible?" - it's now a question of, "How can the basic human need for water be used to turn a profit?" With the privatization of prisons in places like Ohio and Arizona - it's no longer a question of "How we can administer our criminal justice system for the good of the society?" - but, rather, "How we can lock up more and more Americans to increase profits?" And with the privatization of education - which can be seen in the push for charter schools and billionaire-funded Hollywood movies - it's no longer a question about, "How we can educate our kids to be leaders in the new economy?" - but, rather, "How we can shuffle kids in and out of classes in the most profitable way possible?" The Republican Party has pushed privatizing Social Security since the thirties, and privatizing Medicare since the sixties. Our food supply is now increasingly dominated by one private corporation ...
- published: 09 Oct 2012
- views: 824
- author: TheBigPictureRT
MTV Trippin Bhutan Part 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:51
- Updated: 01 Nov 2012
This MTV trippin video is Part 2 of 3 videos. Link to Part 1 and 3: Part 1: youtu.be Part 3: youtu.be Trippin is MTV environmental documentary television series hosted by Cameron Diaz. It also features many other celebrities, including Drew Barrymore, Redman, Jessica Alba, Eva Mendes, Mark Hoppus and Justin Timberlake. On the show, said celebrities visit various ecological locales around the world including the Kingdom of Bhutan This is part 2 of 3 videos (MTV Trippin - Bhutan_Part_2). Background: Hollywood has long been known as a place where superstars live the wild life. Now WWF is introducing some of those stars to wildlife of a different kind. WWF teamed up with MTV to bring a few of Tinseltown's brightest stars from the Hollywood Hills to the Eastern Himalayas, where our conservation work is saving endangered species and their habitats, and making a difference in the lives of local people. In the first two episodes of MTV's reality show 'Trippin', WWF's late Mingma Sherpa takes actress Cameron Diaz and her famous friends on a wild ride across Nepal and Bhutan. The first episode is their trip to Nepal. In the second episode they move on to Bhutan's famed Phobjicka Valley where they see the rare and endangered black-necked cranes, help rebuild an ancient Buddhist monastery and even take part in an archery contest. 'Trippin' is designed to highlight - in MTV's typical offbeat, irreverent style - environmental challenges and success stories from around the world. WWF ...
http://wn.com/MTV_Trippin_Bhutan_Part_2
This MTV trippin video is Part 2 of 3 videos. Link to Part 1 and 3: Part 1: youtu.be Part 3: youtu.be Trippin is MTV environmental documentary television series hosted by Cameron Diaz. It also features many other celebrities, including Drew Barrymore, Redman, Jessica Alba, Eva Mendes, Mark Hoppus and Justin Timberlake. On the show, said celebrities visit various ecological locales around the world including the Kingdom of Bhutan This is part 2 of 3 videos (MTV Trippin - Bhutan_Part_2). Background: Hollywood has long been known as a place where superstars live the wild life. Now WWF is introducing some of those stars to wildlife of a different kind. WWF teamed up with MTV to bring a few of Tinseltown's brightest stars from the Hollywood Hills to the Eastern Himalayas, where our conservation work is saving endangered species and their habitats, and making a difference in the lives of local people. In the first two episodes of MTV's reality show 'Trippin', WWF's late Mingma Sherpa takes actress Cameron Diaz and her famous friends on a wild ride across Nepal and Bhutan. The first episode is their trip to Nepal. In the second episode they move on to Bhutan's famed Phobjicka Valley where they see the rare and endangered black-necked cranes, help rebuild an ancient Buddhist monastery and even take part in an archery contest. 'Trippin' is designed to highlight - in MTV's typical offbeat, irreverent style - environmental challenges and success stories from around the world. WWF ...
- published: 04 Feb 2012
- views: 2765
- author: bhutanlhayul
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Thimphu, Bhutan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:58
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
A brief tour of the main tourist attractions in and around one of the world's most unusual capital cities: the archery ground, Clocktower Square, traffic police (yes, believe it or not, they are a tourist attraction), National Memorial Chorten, Trashi Chhoe Dzong, and a Takin wildlife reserve of curious animals with the body of a cow and head of a goat. For related still photographs see www.markhorrell.com
http://wn.com/Thimphu,_Bhutan
A brief tour of the main tourist attractions in and around one of the world's most unusual capital cities: the archery ground, Clocktower Square, traffic police (yes, believe it or not, they are a tourist attraction), National Memorial Chorten, Trashi Chhoe Dzong, and a Takin wildlife reserve of curious animals with the body of a cow and head of a goat. For related still photographs see www.markhorrell.com
- published: 22 Oct 2009
- views: 19137
- author: Mark Horrell
Thimphu Expressway (Only highway in Bhutan)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:21
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
Thimphu Expressway from Babesa to Thimphu - www.bhutantour.bt
http://wn.com/Thimphu_Expressway_Only_highway_in_Bhutan
Thimphu Expressway from Babesa to Thimphu - www.bhutantour.bt
- published: 17 Mar 2009
- views: 19706
- author: bhutantour
Taxi Drivers in Thimphu Documentary
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:29
- Updated: 15 May 2012
LIFE OF A TAXI DRIVER We chose this topic to help the taxi drivers who are working hard for their living. They suffer for a living since they are not educated. We chose this topic because we knew our film will be on the internet. We hope the people and especially the government will watch our films and help the taxi drivers by trying to understand them and give them business. Lungten Dorji, Khenrab S. Tharchyin, and Tandin Wagchuk This film was made in the summer 2009 media club program sponsored by the Bhutan Centre for Media and Democracy (www.bhutancmd.org.bt
http://wn.com/Taxi_Drivers_in_Thimphu_Documentary
LIFE OF A TAXI DRIVER We chose this topic to help the taxi drivers who are working hard for their living. They suffer for a living since they are not educated. We chose this topic because we knew our film will be on the internet. We hope the people and especially the government will watch our films and help the taxi drivers by trying to understand them and give them business. Lungten Dorji, Khenrab S. Tharchyin, and Tandin Wagchuk This film was made in the summer 2009 media club program sponsored by the Bhutan Centre for Media and Democracy (www.bhutancmd.org.bt
- published: 10 Sep 2009
- views: 3038
- author: BhutanYouthMedia
SAARC Opening Ceremonies in Thimphu, Bhutan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:05
- Updated: 04 Aug 2012
Leaders of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Nepal, and Bhutan met in Bhutan for the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Summit on April 28-29. This is the first time that Bhutan will host the summit, which is focusing on climate change as well as a number of other issues. Bhutan is also promoting its concept of Gross National Happiness (GNH) which relates a countries development to personal contentment and happiness. www.insidebayarea.com
http://wn.com/SAARC_Opening_Ceremonies_in_Thimphu,_Bhutan
Leaders of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Nepal, and Bhutan met in Bhutan for the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Summit on April 28-29. This is the first time that Bhutan will host the summit, which is focusing on climate change as well as a number of other issues. Bhutan is also promoting its concept of Gross National Happiness (GNH) which relates a countries development to personal contentment and happiness. www.insidebayarea.com
- published: 30 Apr 2010
- views: 8764
- author: cctwebteam
Thimphu Traffic in Bhutan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:55
- Updated: 24 Nov 2012
Kingdom of Bhutan - www.youtube.com Thimphu Traffic, traffic run by police man, Beautiful Thimphu Traffic video with sound track Satha ringsa(Golden Cup) by Yeshi Choden. Compiled by abiXalmon
http://wn.com/Thimphu_Traffic_in_Bhutan
Kingdom of Bhutan - www.youtube.com Thimphu Traffic, traffic run by police man, Beautiful Thimphu Traffic video with sound track Satha ringsa(Golden Cup) by Yeshi Choden. Compiled by abiXalmon
- published: 21 Sep 2008
- views: 11878
- author: Abi Narayan
Bhutan-In the Darkness of Thimphu
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:48
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
Drugs and gang fights in Thimphu the capital city of Bhutan..... An award winner.... Youngest director in Bhutan....
http://wn.com/Bhutan-In_the_Darkness_of_Thimphu
Drugs and gang fights in Thimphu the capital city of Bhutan..... An award winner.... Youngest director in Bhutan....
- published: 20 Jul 2009
- views: 5753
- author: kingalhendup13
Thimphu Street and Traffic Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:22
- Updated: 02 Nov 2012
Thimphu Street and Traffic Video
http://wn.com/Thimphu_Street_and_Traffic_Video
Thimphu Street and Traffic Video
- published: 23 Mar 2007
- views: 15789
- author: ugyend
Paro and Thimphu in Bhutan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:40
- Updated: 02 Jun 2012
Thimpu is the capital city of Bhutan. It is situated in the western central part of Bhutan and the name of the surrounding valley is dzongkhag, the Thimphu District. Thisfootage is part of the professionally-shot stock footage archive of Wilderness Films India Ltd., the largest collection of imagery from South Asia. The Wilderness Films India collection comprises of thousands of hours of high quality broadcast imagery, mostly shot on HDCAM 1080i High Definition, HDV and Digital Betacam. Write to us for licensing this footage on a broadcast format, for use in your production! We pride ourselves in bringing the best of India and South Asia to the world... wfi@vsnl.com and admin@wildfilmsindia.com.
http://wn.com/Paro_and_Thimphu_in_Bhutan
Thimpu is the capital city of Bhutan. It is situated in the western central part of Bhutan and the name of the surrounding valley is dzongkhag, the Thimphu District. Thisfootage is part of the professionally-shot stock footage archive of Wilderness Films India Ltd., the largest collection of imagery from South Asia. The Wilderness Films India collection comprises of thousands of hours of high quality broadcast imagery, mostly shot on HDCAM 1080i High Definition, HDV and Digital Betacam. Write to us for licensing this footage on a broadcast format, for use in your production! We pride ourselves in bringing the best of India and South Asia to the world... wfi@vsnl.com and admin@wildfilmsindia.com.
- published: 09 Aug 2010
- views: 2779
- author: WildFilmsIndia
Thimphu Vegetable Market or Centenary Farmers Market
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:15
- Updated: 27 Aug 2010
Thimphu Vegetable Market or Centenary Farmers Market: www.bhutantour.bt One of the biggest structures in Bhutan, centenary farmers market was built in 2008 to mark the coronation of fifth king of Bhutan and 100 years of monarchy. The two storied building has 458 stalls for sale of vegetables, fruits, meat and other farm produces. It also houses cafeteria and separate stalls for non wood forest products. Vendors from throughout the country come here to sell their farm produces. The market is open 6 days in a week except Wednesday.
http://wn.com/Thimphu_Vegetable_Market_or_Centenary_Farmers_Market
Thimphu Vegetable Market or Centenary Farmers Market: www.bhutantour.bt One of the biggest structures in Bhutan, centenary farmers market was built in 2008 to mark the coronation of fifth king of Bhutan and 100 years of monarchy. The two storied building has 458 stalls for sale of vegetables, fruits, meat and other farm produces. It also houses cafeteria and separate stalls for non wood forest products. Vendors from throughout the country come here to sell their farm produces. The market is open 6 days in a week except Wednesday.
- published: 28 Jan 2009
- views: 3693
- author: bhutantour
Total Solar Eclipse from Thimphu Bhutan (22 July 2009)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:08
- Updated: 14 Mar 2012
Total Solar Eclipse seen from Buddha Point in Thimphu, Bhutan at 5:58 AM (22 July 2009). Bhutan Excursions - www.bhutantour.bt
http://wn.com/Total_Solar_Eclipse_from_Thimphu_Bhutan_22_July_2009
Total Solar Eclipse seen from Buddha Point in Thimphu, Bhutan at 5:58 AM (22 July 2009). Bhutan Excursions - www.bhutantour.bt
- published: 22 Jul 2009
- views: 4457
- author: bhutantour
Thimphu, Capital of Bhutan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:29
- Updated: 02 Jun 2012
Thimphu was a small settlement but was developed by the King Jigme Dorje Wangchuk to shift from the ancient capital of Punakha. It consisted of a group of hamlets scattered across the valley including Motithang, Changangkha, Changlimithang, Langchupakha, and Taba, some of which constitute districts of the city today. Thisfootage is part of the professionally-shot stock footage archive of Wilderness Films India Ltd., the largest collection of imagery from South Asia. The Wilderness Films India collection comprises of thousands of hours of high quality broadcast imagery, mostly shot on HDCAM 1080i High Definition, HDV and Digital Betacam. Write to us for licensing this footage on a broadcast format, for use in your production! We pride ourselves in bringing the best of India and South Asia to the world... wfi @ vsnl.com and admin@wildfilmsindia.com.
http://wn.com/Thimphu,_Capital_of_Bhutan
Thimphu was a small settlement but was developed by the King Jigme Dorje Wangchuk to shift from the ancient capital of Punakha. It consisted of a group of hamlets scattered across the valley including Motithang, Changangkha, Changlimithang, Langchupakha, and Taba, some of which constitute districts of the city today. Thisfootage is part of the professionally-shot stock footage archive of Wilderness Films India Ltd., the largest collection of imagery from South Asia. The Wilderness Films India collection comprises of thousands of hours of high quality broadcast imagery, mostly shot on HDCAM 1080i High Definition, HDV and Digital Betacam. Write to us for licensing this footage on a broadcast format, for use in your production! We pride ourselves in bringing the best of India and South Asia to the world... wfi @ vsnl.com and admin@wildfilmsindia.com.
- published: 13 Aug 2010
- views: 2056
- author: WildFilmsIndia
Thimphu and Dochula pass, Bhutan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:30
- Updated: 19 Jul 2012
Dochula Pass stands an hour and a half away from Thimphu, along a lovely Rhododendron and conifer forest (with trees festooned with orchids) and lies along the highway to central Bhutan, with a road leading to Punakha. Dochula pass is located on the way to Punakha from Thimphu. The pass is popular for tourists for its ideal location from where one can enjoy 360 degree of beautiful panoramic view of Himalaya mountain range, especially on clear winter days. The beauty of this place is further enhanced by the Druk Wangyal Chortens-108 stupa built by the eldest Queen Mother Her Majesty Ashi Dorji Wangmo Wangchuk. The pass is also popular spiritual place for both locals and tourists because of an important temple that is located on the crest of Dochula pass. Her Majesty Ashi Dorji Wangmo Wangchuck has achieved a fine blend of history and mythology in the construction of The Druk Wangyal Lhakhang (temple) to honor His Majesty the fourth Druk Gyalpo, Jigme Singye Wangchuck. The past and future appear to merge in the details of the lhakhang (temple) that tells the story of a supreme warrior figure whose vision pierces the distant future. Besides the spirituality of the place many Bhutanese families visit the pass during holidays and weekends to simply enjoy the scenery of the place with their pack lunch and hot tea. For the tourist the place is an ideal location to capture beautiful pictures of Himalaya mountain range during clear warm days. Source: www.tourism.gov.bt Thimphu ...
http://wn.com/Thimphu_and_Dochula_pass,_Bhutan
Dochula Pass stands an hour and a half away from Thimphu, along a lovely Rhododendron and conifer forest (with trees festooned with orchids) and lies along the highway to central Bhutan, with a road leading to Punakha. Dochula pass is located on the way to Punakha from Thimphu. The pass is popular for tourists for its ideal location from where one can enjoy 360 degree of beautiful panoramic view of Himalaya mountain range, especially on clear winter days. The beauty of this place is further enhanced by the Druk Wangyal Chortens-108 stupa built by the eldest Queen Mother Her Majesty Ashi Dorji Wangmo Wangchuk. The pass is also popular spiritual place for both locals and tourists because of an important temple that is located on the crest of Dochula pass. Her Majesty Ashi Dorji Wangmo Wangchuck has achieved a fine blend of history and mythology in the construction of The Druk Wangyal Lhakhang (temple) to honor His Majesty the fourth Druk Gyalpo, Jigme Singye Wangchuck. The past and future appear to merge in the details of the lhakhang (temple) that tells the story of a supreme warrior figure whose vision pierces the distant future. Besides the spirituality of the place many Bhutanese families visit the pass during holidays and weekends to simply enjoy the scenery of the place with their pack lunch and hot tea. For the tourist the place is an ideal location to capture beautiful pictures of Himalaya mountain range during clear warm days. Source: www.tourism.gov.bt Thimphu ...
- published: 19 Aug 2010
- views: 573
- author: WildFilmsIndia
Dochula Pass in Thimphu Bhutan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:46
- Updated: 17 May 2012
Dochula Pass in Thimphu Bhutan with song La Dochula... Dochu La (3050m) from where one can have a spectacular view of the Himalayas to the north when the sky is clear. The pass is marked by 108 chortens (Stupa) which are Buddhist reliquaries, memorials to the teachings of the Buddha. Sometimes actual relics of the Buddha or revered monks are inserted into the dome of the stupa, but whether or not there are relics inside, the stupas mark the landscape with reminders of the Buddhas teachings... Visit Bhutan : www.bhutantour.bt
http://wn.com/Dochula_Pass_in_Thimphu_Bhutan
Dochula Pass in Thimphu Bhutan with song La Dochula... Dochu La (3050m) from where one can have a spectacular view of the Himalayas to the north when the sky is clear. The pass is marked by 108 chortens (Stupa) which are Buddhist reliquaries, memorials to the teachings of the Buddha. Sometimes actual relics of the Buddha or revered monks are inserted into the dome of the stupa, but whether or not there are relics inside, the stupas mark the landscape with reminders of the Buddhas teachings... Visit Bhutan : www.bhutantour.bt
- published: 18 Jan 2009
- views: 6115
- author: bhutantour
Thimphu Dzong (Part 1)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:37
- Updated: 08 Mar 2012
Showing you around the main facade of Thimphu dzong. Watch out part 2 for inside the dzong.
http://wn.com/Thimphu_Dzong_Part_1
Showing you around the main facade of Thimphu dzong. Watch out part 2 for inside the dzong.
- published: 25 Jun 2011
- views: 386
- author: Aviram Vijh
Taj Tashi Bhutan - Heart of the Thimphu Valley
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:08
- Updated: 19 May 2012
Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces bring to you the gateway to a land steeped in mythology and magic. Set in the heart of Thimphu Valley, Taj Tashi is a blend of traditional Bhutanese Dzong architecture and modern design. Adorned with classical hand-drawn Buddhist murals, its 66 elegant guestrooms afford guests striking highlights of the region's art and colour. Besides breathtaking views of the mountains that rise above the Thimphu valley. Continuing the journey into mystical Bhutan at the Taj Tashi, guests can sample Bhutan's fiery cuisine, gaze at the mesmerizing prayer wheels through its panoramic windows, make short but rewarding forays into the vibrant local markets, pleasantly while their time in one of the hotel's traditional themed café's and restaurants, or find yet more ways to relax with a special 'Bhutanese Hot Stone Bath' at the Taj Spa. Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces offer an experience of the mystique and beauty of Bhutan from a milieu of contemporary refinement and warm hospitality that is purely Taj.
http://wn.com/Taj_Tashi_Bhutan_Heart_of_the_Thimphu_Valley
Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces bring to you the gateway to a land steeped in mythology and magic. Set in the heart of Thimphu Valley, Taj Tashi is a blend of traditional Bhutanese Dzong architecture and modern design. Adorned with classical hand-drawn Buddhist murals, its 66 elegant guestrooms afford guests striking highlights of the region's art and colour. Besides breathtaking views of the mountains that rise above the Thimphu valley. Continuing the journey into mystical Bhutan at the Taj Tashi, guests can sample Bhutan's fiery cuisine, gaze at the mesmerizing prayer wheels through its panoramic windows, make short but rewarding forays into the vibrant local markets, pleasantly while their time in one of the hotel's traditional themed café's and restaurants, or find yet more ways to relax with a special 'Bhutanese Hot Stone Bath' at the Taj Spa. Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces offer an experience of the mystique and beauty of Bhutan from a milieu of contemporary refinement and warm hospitality that is purely Taj.
- published: 30 Jun 2008
- views: 4652
- author: TajMovies
Thimphu Dzong (Part 2)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:10
- Updated: 26 Jun 2011
Showing you around the interiors of the Thimphu dzong.
http://wn.com/Thimphu_Dzong_Part_2
Showing you around the interiors of the Thimphu dzong.
- published: 25 Jun 2011
- views: 247
- author: Aviram Vijh
Bhutan. Market in Thimphu
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:01
- Updated: 03 Jun 2012
A little glimpse at the beautiful market and people in Thimphu, Bhutan.
http://wn.com/Bhutan_Market_in_Thimphu
A little glimpse at the beautiful market and people in Thimphu, Bhutan.
- published: 23 Jul 2007
- views: 7015
- author: it4dev
Thimphu, capital of Bhutan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:48
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
Watch the Thimphu Chuu River pass through the capital of Bhutan! Thimpu is the capital city of Bhutan. It is situated in the western central part of Bhutan and the name of the surrounding valley is dzongkhag, the Thimphu District. View from Hotel Riverview (Thimphu, Bhutan). According to Wikipedia: "Thimphu (Tibetan alphabet: ཐིམ་ཕུག་, Dzongkha: ཐིམ་ཕུ་) also spelt Thimpu, is the capital and largest city of Bhutan. It is situated in the western central part of Bhutan and the surrounding valley is one of Bhutan's dzongkhags, the Thimphu District. The city became the capital of Bhutan in 1961. As of 2005 it had a population of 79185, with 98676 people living in the entire Thimphu district. The city is spread out longitudinally in a north-south direction on the west bank of the valley formed by the Wang Chuu, also known as the Thimphu Chuu River. Thimphu is located at 27°28′00″N 89°38′30″E / 27.4666667°N 89.64167°E / 27.4666667; 89.64167Coordinates: 27°28′00″N 89°38′30″E / 27.4666667°N 89.64167°E / 27.4666667; 89.64167 and is spread over an altitudinal range between 2248 metres (7375 ft) and 2648 metres (8688 ft). Unusually for a capital city, Thimphu is not served by an airport, but relies on the airport at Paro, connected by road some 54 kilometres (34 mi) away. Thimphu, as the political and economic centre of Bhutan, has a dominant agricultural and livestock base, which contributes to 45% of the country's GNP.[8] Tourism, though a contributor to the ...
http://wn.com/Thimphu,_capital_of_Bhutan
Watch the Thimphu Chuu River pass through the capital of Bhutan! Thimpu is the capital city of Bhutan. It is situated in the western central part of Bhutan and the name of the surrounding valley is dzongkhag, the Thimphu District. View from Hotel Riverview (Thimphu, Bhutan). According to Wikipedia: "Thimphu (Tibetan alphabet: ཐིམ་ཕུག་, Dzongkha: ཐིམ་ཕུ་) also spelt Thimpu, is the capital and largest city of Bhutan. It is situated in the western central part of Bhutan and the surrounding valley is one of Bhutan's dzongkhags, the Thimphu District. The city became the capital of Bhutan in 1961. As of 2005 it had a population of 79185, with 98676 people living in the entire Thimphu district. The city is spread out longitudinally in a north-south direction on the west bank of the valley formed by the Wang Chuu, also known as the Thimphu Chuu River. Thimphu is located at 27°28′00″N 89°38′30″E / 27.4666667°N 89.64167°E / 27.4666667; 89.64167Coordinates: 27°28′00″N 89°38′30″E / 27.4666667°N 89.64167°E / 27.4666667; 89.64167 and is spread over an altitudinal range between 2248 metres (7375 ft) and 2648 metres (8688 ft). Unusually for a capital city, Thimphu is not served by an airport, but relies on the airport at Paro, connected by road some 54 kilometres (34 mi) away. Thimphu, as the political and economic centre of Bhutan, has a dominant agricultural and livestock base, which contributes to 45% of the country's GNP.[8] Tourism, though a contributor to the ...
- published: 03 Nov 2011
- views: 3868
- author: WildFilmsIndia
His Majesty arrives in Thimphu.m4v
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:57
- Updated: 14 May 2012
If it was tiring for those, who waited hours to be able to greet the royal couple, for the royal couple itself that wed a day before in Punakha Dzong, it must have been even more tiring. It's a three-hour drive from Punakha, the ancient capital, to Thimphu, the new capital. Yesterday, it took the royal couple more than 12 hours to cover the distance, as they stopped along the way to meet people of all ages and backgrounds, lining the highway to greet and offer prayers and wishes to them. The jubilant and excited crowd, eager to see the royal couple, had lit incense and built makeshift altars along the highway. Which is why the royal couple chose to walk and interact along stretches lined with thousands of well-wishers, and drive along those bereft of habitation. In Thimphu, excited students lined the highway from eleven in the morning, holding the national flag in their hands under a bright blue sky. As expected, hunger and thirst soon got to them after several hours. But they waited and excitement returned with news that the royal couple had finally descended to Semtokha at around four in the evening. Being the most populous urban centre in the country, Thimphu had the longest lines of people, stretching from the Semtokha gate, through the town and all the way to Lingkana, all wanting to greet the royal couple. But His Majesty stopping by to meet and interact with people is not something new. In keeping with what was done in the past, His Majesty has always found time to ...
http://wn.com/His_Majesty_arrives_in_Thimphum4v
If it was tiring for those, who waited hours to be able to greet the royal couple, for the royal couple itself that wed a day before in Punakha Dzong, it must have been even more tiring. It's a three-hour drive from Punakha, the ancient capital, to Thimphu, the new capital. Yesterday, it took the royal couple more than 12 hours to cover the distance, as they stopped along the way to meet people of all ages and backgrounds, lining the highway to greet and offer prayers and wishes to them. The jubilant and excited crowd, eager to see the royal couple, had lit incense and built makeshift altars along the highway. Which is why the royal couple chose to walk and interact along stretches lined with thousands of well-wishers, and drive along those bereft of habitation. In Thimphu, excited students lined the highway from eleven in the morning, holding the national flag in their hands under a bright blue sky. As expected, hunger and thirst soon got to them after several hours. But they waited and excitement returned with news that the royal couple had finally descended to Semtokha at around four in the evening. Being the most populous urban centre in the country, Thimphu had the longest lines of people, stretching from the Semtokha gate, through the town and all the way to Lingkana, all wanting to greet the royal couple. But His Majesty stopping by to meet and interact with people is not something new. In keeping with what was done in the past, His Majesty has always found time to ...
- published: 14 Oct 2011
- views: 3621
- author: bhutanlhayul
Monasteries around Thimphu
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:25
- Updated: 02 Jun 2012
Dochula Pass stands an hour and a half away from Thimphu, along a lovely Rhododendron and conifer forest (with trees festooned with orchids) and lies along the highway to central Bhutan, with a road leading to Punakha. Dochula pass is located on the way to Punakha from Thimphu. The pass is popular for tourists for its ideal location from where one can enjoy 360 degree of beautiful panoramic view of Himalaya mountain range, especially on clear winter days. The beauty of this place is further enhanced by the Druk Wangyal Chortens-108 stupa built by the eldest Queen Mother Her Majesty Ashi Dorji Wangmo Wangchuk. The pass is also popular spiritual place for both locals and tourists because of an important temple that is located on the crest of Dochula pass. Her Majesty Ashi Dorji Wangmo Wangchuck has achieved a fine blend of history and mythology in the construction of The Druk Wangyal Lhakhang (temple) to honor His Majesty the fourth Druk Gyalpo, Jigme Singye Wangchuck. The past and future appear to merge in the details of the lhakhang (temple) that tells the story of a supreme warrior figure whose vision pierces the distant future. Besides the spirituality of the place many Bhutanese families visit the pass during holidays and weekends to simply enjoy the scenery of the place with their pack lunch and hot tea. For the tourist the place is an ideal location to capture beautiful pictures of Himalaya mountain range during clear warm days. Source: www.tourism.gov.bt Thimpu has ...
http://wn.com/Monasteries_around_Thimphu
Dochula Pass stands an hour and a half away from Thimphu, along a lovely Rhododendron and conifer forest (with trees festooned with orchids) and lies along the highway to central Bhutan, with a road leading to Punakha. Dochula pass is located on the way to Punakha from Thimphu. The pass is popular for tourists for its ideal location from where one can enjoy 360 degree of beautiful panoramic view of Himalaya mountain range, especially on clear winter days. The beauty of this place is further enhanced by the Druk Wangyal Chortens-108 stupa built by the eldest Queen Mother Her Majesty Ashi Dorji Wangmo Wangchuk. The pass is also popular spiritual place for both locals and tourists because of an important temple that is located on the crest of Dochula pass. Her Majesty Ashi Dorji Wangmo Wangchuck has achieved a fine blend of history and mythology in the construction of The Druk Wangyal Lhakhang (temple) to honor His Majesty the fourth Druk Gyalpo, Jigme Singye Wangchuck. The past and future appear to merge in the details of the lhakhang (temple) that tells the story of a supreme warrior figure whose vision pierces the distant future. Besides the spirituality of the place many Bhutanese families visit the pass during holidays and weekends to simply enjoy the scenery of the place with their pack lunch and hot tea. For the tourist the place is an ideal location to capture beautiful pictures of Himalaya mountain range during clear warm days. Source: www.tourism.gov.bt Thimpu has ...
- published: 19 Aug 2010
- views: 533
- author: WildFilmsIndia
Bhutan Thimphu Bumthang Trek Package Holidays Travel Guide Travel To Care
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:58
- Updated: 14 Oct 2012
Visit www.traveltocare.com See this package holiday on You don't need to be super-fit to trek the Bhutan countryside. This easy trek explores the breathtaking beauty of the Bumthang region and also gives you a glimpse of some of the highlights of Bhutan. Bumthang, Jakar, Paro, Thimphu, Wangdue Phodrang
http://wn.com/Bhutan_Thimphu_Bumthang_Trek_Package_Holidays_Travel_Guide_Travel_To_Care
Visit www.traveltocare.com See this package holiday on You don't need to be super-fit to trek the Bhutan countryside. This easy trek explores the breathtaking beauty of the Bumthang region and also gives you a glimpse of some of the highlights of Bhutan. Bumthang, Jakar, Paro, Thimphu, Wangdue Phodrang
- published: 10 Dec 2010
- views: 186
- author: traveltocare
Travels around Thimphu, Bhutan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:50
- Updated: 06 May 2012
Just a little bit of sightseeing around the capital city of Bhutan.
http://wn.com/Travels_around_Thimphu,_Bhutan
Just a little bit of sightseeing around the capital city of Bhutan.
- published: 06 May 2012
- views: 373
- author: goshigi
Garab Dorje Rinpoche (噶拉多傑仁波切) at his temple in Thimphu
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:06
- Updated: 11 Sep 2012
Garab Rinpoche giving blessings during Krodikali practice. The endless flow of people coming to be blessed makes it virtually impossible for most practitioners in the room to see and follow the umdze. In a tent outside the hall about the same number of yogins-yoginis as inside have been doing Chod for the day- despite the freezing temperatures and snowy gales, despite that most of them should actually be in their workplaces.
http://wn.com/Garab_Dorje_Rinpoche_噶拉多傑仁波切_at_his_temple_in_Thimphu
Garab Rinpoche giving blessings during Krodikali practice. The endless flow of people coming to be blessed makes it virtually impossible for most practitioners in the room to see and follow the umdze. In a tent outside the hall about the same number of yogins-yoginis as inside have been doing Chod for the day- despite the freezing temperatures and snowy gales, despite that most of them should actually be in their workplaces.
- published: 06 Mar 2008
- views: 13314
- author: TauxX
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Sindhu Malla - Tungna ra Damphu
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:28
- Updated: 07 Nov 2012
The greatest Nepali song! I do not intend any copyright infringement.
http://wn.com/Sindhu_Malla_Tungna_ra_Damphu
The greatest Nepali song! I do not intend any copyright infringement.
- published: 09 Feb 2007
- views: 119946
- author: kevint6543
Damphu The musical instrument of Nepal
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:57
- Updated: 01 Jun 2012
ur.jp Damphu and Tungna the musical instrument of Nepal. Damphu is a percussion instrument of the form similar to a big tambourine. The portion of cymbal is a wooden projection. It is a very rare musical instrument. There is sound like the ukulele of Hawaii also in "Tungna" by a very rare musical instrument.
http://wn.com/Damphu_The_musical_instrument_of_Nepal
ur.jp Damphu and Tungna the musical instrument of Nepal. Damphu is a percussion instrument of the form similar to a big tambourine. The portion of cymbal is a wooden projection. It is a very rare musical instrument. There is sound like the ukulele of Hawaii also in "Tungna" by a very rare musical instrument.
- published: 27 Sep 2006
- views: 10096
- author: urjp
Damphu Sanjh Hong Kong
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 58:47
- Updated: 07 Nov 2012
Damphu Sanjh Hong Kong
http://wn.com/Damphu_Sanjh_Hong_Kong
Damphu Sanjh Hong Kong
- published: 04 Feb 2012
- views: 15354
- author: HKNepal
Tungna Ra Damphu
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:23
- Updated: 31 May 2012
Bhutanese in South Australia
http://wn.com/Tungna_Ra_Damphu
Bhutanese in South Australia
- published: 01 Jul 2010
- views: 1093
- author: JogenGazmere
Tungna ra Damphu Bajaudai
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:26
- Updated: 05 Nov 2012
Sindhu Malla and friends in Kaha
http://wn.com/Tungna_ra_Damphu_Bajaudai
Sindhu Malla and friends in Kaha
- published: 16 Feb 2010
- views: 103221
- author: Ashra Rai
Nepali Dance Tunga ra Damphu
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:58
- Updated: 12 Oct 2012
Tungna Ra Damphu Bajaudai Dance cover Don't forget to like our page: www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Nepali_Dance_Tunga_ra_Damphu
Tungna Ra Damphu Bajaudai Dance cover Don't forget to like our page: www.facebook.com
- published: 25 Mar 2011
- views: 14749
- author: AStaa4
DAMPHU SAANJH-2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 47:30
- Updated: 29 Sep 2012
Damphu Saanjh 2012 Organize By: Tamang Society of America Date: 3rd March 2012 Vanue: New York Video:www.presschautari.com
http://wn.com/DAMPHU_SAANJH-2012
Damphu Saanjh 2012 Organize By: Tamang Society of America Date: 3rd March 2012 Vanue: New York Video:www.presschautari.com
- published: 04 Mar 2012
- views: 3458
- author: PRASHAN RAI
Nepali Mix & Match Tungna Ra Damphu Dance
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:25
- Updated: 24 Aug 2012
Nepali Mix & Match Tungna Ra Damphu Dance by www.moktandigital.com
http://wn.com/Nepali_Mix_Match_Tungna_Ra_Damphu_Dance
Nepali Mix & Match Tungna Ra Damphu Dance by www.moktandigital.com
- published: 01 Oct 2008
- views: 11174
- author: MoktanVideo
Tungna ra Damphu
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:57
- Updated: 29 Apr 2012
Tungna ra Damphu sang by Sindhu malla
http://wn.com/Tungna_ra_Damphu
Tungna ra Damphu sang by Sindhu malla
- published: 06 Dec 2007
- views: 7714
- author: nishanstha
❤ Nepali dance // tungna ra damphu ♫ uk dashain party
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:45
- Updated: 24 Mar 2012
dashain party ma gurungni sis ko dance lol ^___^ (pratikacha d, me, susan d, shuslim d and babita d) xx
http://wn.com/❤_Nepali_dance_tungna_ra_damphu_♫_uk_dashain_party
dashain party ma gurungni sis ko dance lol ^___^ (pratikacha d, me, susan d, shuslim d and babita d) xx
- published: 24 Jan 2010
- views: 4779
- author: arehups143
Damphu Madal Sarangi - Nepali Movie Majhi Dai Song - Lok Pop Song
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:31
- Updated: 29 May 2011
Nepali Movie Majhi Dai Song Damphu Madhal Sarangi Bajha Bhajudai, nepali movie lok pop song www.isansar.com present bhupandra biswa
http://wn.com/Damphu_Madal_Sarangi_Nepali_Movie_Majhi_Dai_Song_Lok_Pop_Song
Nepali Movie Majhi Dai Song Damphu Madhal Sarangi Bajha Bhajudai, nepali movie lok pop song www.isansar.com present bhupandra biswa
- published: 29 May 2011
- views: 5126
- author: iSanSarMusic
Tungna ra damphu bajaundai
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:00
- Updated: 05 Jan 2011
Tungna ra damphu bajaundai New year program 2066 Sydney
http://wn.com/Tungna_ra_damphu_bajaundai
Tungna ra damphu bajaundai New year program 2066 Sydney
- published: 16 Apr 2009
- views: 4736
- author: Manjil Dahal
Tungna ra damphu
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:54
- Updated: 09 Sep 2012
International Night. Fairfax High School (2009) Tungna ra damfu bajaudai..
http://wn.com/Tungna_ra_damphu
International Night. Fairfax High School (2009) Tungna ra damfu bajaudai..
- published: 05 Mar 2010
- views: 2904
- author: MoiiChanG
Tugna ra damphu bajauda - dance by Trisha and Alishma
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:21
- Updated: 20 Nov 2010
This dance was performed during Nepalese New Year Program 2067 in Brisbane, organised by Nepal Asia Friendship Association (NAFA). These two little girls have been regular performers for past few years in Nepalese cultural events in Brisbane.
http://wn.com/Tugna_ra_damphu_bajauda_dance_by_Trisha_and_Alishma
This dance was performed during Nepalese New Year Program 2067 in Brisbane, organised by Nepal Asia Friendship Association (NAFA). These two little girls have been regular performers for past few years in Nepalese cultural events in Brisbane.
- published: 14 May 2010
- views: 2212
- author: sharmakrx
Nepali Dance: Tungna ra Damphu Bajaudai by Sharmili Lama
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:13
- Updated: 26 Sep 2012
The traditional Nepali dance Tungna ra Damphu Bajaudai performed by Sharmili Lama during Himalayan Footsteps' Cultural Festival, July 2011
http://wn.com/Nepali_Dance_Tungna_ra_Damphu_Bajaudai_by_Sharmili_Lama
The traditional Nepali dance Tungna ra Damphu Bajaudai performed by Sharmili Lama during Himalayan Footsteps' Cultural Festival, July 2011
- published: 22 Jul 2011
- views: 1419
- author: himalfootsteps
Yogita Moktan's Promo Video "Damphu"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:31
- Updated: 11 May 2011
Yogita Moktan's Promo Video "Damphu Bajau Tamba Dai", Avaiable in Market Promoted by Tamang Media & Marketing Pvt. Ltd.
http://wn.com/Yogita_Moktan's_Promo_Video_Damphu
Yogita Moktan's Promo Video "Damphu Bajau Tamba Dai", Avaiable in Market Promoted by Tamang Media & Marketing Pvt. Ltd.
- published: 06 Aug 2009
- views: 21274
- author: usertamang
Tungna ra damphu bajaundai
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:34
- Updated: 13 Feb 2012
Bhutanese dance in "Dashain Celebration and Cultural Programme-2010" organosed by Association of Bhutanese in Norway, Rogaland. Artists: Hari Maya Chhetri Sabitra Puri Chandra Chhetri Special Credits: Netra & Chandra
http://wn.com/Tungna_ra_damphu_bajaundai
Bhutanese dance in "Dashain Celebration and Cultural Programme-2010" organosed by Association of Bhutanese in Norway, Rogaland. Artists: Hari Maya Chhetri Sabitra Puri Chandra Chhetri Special Credits: Netra & Chandra
- published: 24 Oct 2010
- views: 1690
- author: gautamrames
Nepal Festival 2008 Melbourne : Tuna ra Damphu Bajaudai
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:37
- Updated: 04 Aug 2012
Nepal Festival 2008 Melbourne was organised by NRN Australia. The Festival was held at Federation Square, in the heart of Melbourne and was attended by thousands of people.
http://wn.com/Nepal_Festival_2008_Melbourne_Tuna_ra_Damphu_Bajaudai
Nepal Festival 2008 Melbourne was organised by NRN Australia. The Festival was held at Federation Square, in the heart of Melbourne and was attended by thousands of people.
- published: 07 Jan 2012
- views: 624
- author: solangture
Damphu Sanjh in New York
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 26:04
- Updated: 21 Jul 2012
Damfu Sanjha Host : Surya Thapa Program : Nepal in New York
http://wn.com/Damphu_Sanjh_in_New_York
Damfu Sanjha Host : Surya Thapa Program : Nepal in New York
- published: 07 Mar 2012
- views: 4248
- author: suryathapa9
Tungna Ra Damphu (Panchthar Samaj, UK) 2068/2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:44
- Updated: 17 Aug 2012
Event : Panchthar Samaj, UK Bhela Very talented Sisters Dancing.
http://wn.com/Tungna_Ra_Damphu_Panchthar_Samaj,_UK_2068_2011
Event : Panchthar Samaj, UK Bhela Very talented Sisters Dancing.
- published: 30 May 2011
- views: 1720
- author: Mani Ram Rai
Tungna ra Damphu-uco
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:28
- Updated: 12 Oct 2010
http://wn.com/Tungna_ra_Damphu-uco
- published: 08 Feb 2009
- views: 1104
- author: cwani
- published: 06 Mar 2011
- views: 1195
- author: coolsushil
Tunga ra Damphu - a nepali dance by Binita
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:06
- Updated: 01 Jun 2012
song: Tunga Ra Damphu by Sindu malla Dance perormed by Binita Devkota at nepali new year 2067
http://wn.com/Tunga_ra_Damphu_a_nepali_dance_by_Binita
song: Tunga Ra Damphu by Sindu malla Dance perormed by Binita Devkota at nepali new year 2067
- published: 19 Apr 2010
- views: 4866
- author: atinib510
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FlyyGuy Jakar - Hit A Stain Ft. Eazy Tarentino (Prod. Vitamin E)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:13
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
Shot/Filmed: FlameGang Films Directed By: @BasedBoyChriszy Prod. By Vitamin E FlyyGuy Jakar - Hit A Stain Feat. Eazy Tarentino ( Official Music Video )
http://wn.com/FlyyGuy_Jakar_Hit_A_Stain_Ft_Eazy_Tarentino_Prod_Vitamin_E
Shot/Filmed: FlameGang Films Directed By: @BasedBoyChriszy Prod. By Vitamin E FlyyGuy Jakar - Hit A Stain Feat. Eazy Tarentino ( Official Music Video )
- published: 03 Aug 2012
- views: 11474
- author: BWMusicProductions
Bulldozer - JAKAR
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:35
- Updated: 26 Nov 2012
THE BULLDOZER machine is a amusement device designed for playing in amusement parks, festivities, cinemas, clubs, bars, etc. The machine is designed and made from state of the art materials and parts available on the market. Components of the device are compliant with the safety standards.
http://wn.com/Bulldozer_JAKAR
THE BULLDOZER machine is a amusement device designed for playing in amusement parks, festivities, cinemas, clubs, bars, etc. The machine is designed and made from state of the art materials and parts available on the market. Components of the device are compliant with the safety standards.
- published: 21 Sep 2010
- views: 43845
- author: JakarPL
Jakar Boxer by Birmingham Vending
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:32
- Updated: 01 Mar 2012
This is a promotional Video about a boxing game offered by Birmingham Vending at www.BirminghamVending.com. Jakar "The Boxer" The Boxer is a strength testing machine where the player needs to punch the boxing bag so the machine, through sensors, can read the strength used for the punch. Players must meet or exceed the number of punches the machine sets per game. The machine can also be set to measure the speed of the punch instead of the power of the punch.
http://wn.com/Jakar_Boxer_by_Birmingham_Vending
This is a promotional Video about a boxing game offered by Birmingham Vending at www.BirminghamVending.com. Jakar "The Boxer" The Boxer is a strength testing machine where the player needs to punch the boxing bag so the machine, through sensors, can read the strength used for the punch. Players must meet or exceed the number of punches the machine sets per game. The machine can also be set to measure the speed of the punch instead of the power of the punch.
- published: 02 Jul 2008
- views: 9357
- author: BirminghamVending
ILLUMINATI - BIG SMO, CEERO, KLASH, JAKAR & STELLAMAN (MOLOTOV MUSIC) - STREET VIDEO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:43
- Updated: 28 Nov 2012
Big Smo :www.facebook.com Ceero :www.facebook.com Klash :www.facebook.com Jakar:www.facebook.com Stellaman :www.facebook.com MOLOTOV MUSIC FACEBOOK PAGE : www.facebook.com BIG SMO (BEAT BOX, ITA BEATBOXER'S) CEERO: Stappo un'altra beck's, ne bevo un milione nella testa c'ho il west come Sergio Leone Big, Molotov, bomba atomica rap stupefacente, ci ascolti e c'hai la chimica teen no milf, at che t.mills molotov, bitch è il nome della click nessuno ti caga, c'hai la faccia da pus nessuno ti paga comeil biglietto del bus KLASH : Molotov Music, work in progress facciamo più bordello dei rockers voglio almeno tre tipe perchè non ho testa tu ne hai solo una ed è pure cessa più illuminati degli illuministi mille voci nella testa c'ho i coristi quando rappo il palco vibra, bitch ti riempio di insulti come ibraimovich JAKAR: Studio questa roba, tu il fu Mattia Pascal questo è Molotov, mica i Matia Bazar sfonderò e faròla fine di Kennedy il rap è morto? ho fumato le sue ceneri siamo nel gioco senza l'occhio del GF le facce bianche come zio Fester fenomeni paranormali quando premi rec tu hai visto più cazzi di chatroulette STELLAMAN: MM è nu' squadron' come il Foggia di Zeman il mio rap è pregiato, la crema della crema remiamo controvento, contromano, contro tutti il tuo stile è controsenso come il bianco nei lutti tutti ne parlano, sul beat piovono scariche illuminati, stiamo in cima alla piramide pirati dei Caraibi, come Johnny Depp stiamo all'arrembaggio in questo gioco del rap
http://wn.com/ILLUMINATI_BIG_SMO,_CEERO,_KLASH,_JAKAR_STELLAMAN_MOLOTOV_MUSIC_STREET_VIDEO
Big Smo :www.facebook.com Ceero :www.facebook.com Klash :www.facebook.com Jakar:www.facebook.com Stellaman :www.facebook.com MOLOTOV MUSIC FACEBOOK PAGE : www.facebook.com BIG SMO (BEAT BOX, ITA BEATBOXER'S) CEERO: Stappo un'altra beck's, ne bevo un milione nella testa c'ho il west come Sergio Leone Big, Molotov, bomba atomica rap stupefacente, ci ascolti e c'hai la chimica teen no milf, at che t.mills molotov, bitch è il nome della click nessuno ti caga, c'hai la faccia da pus nessuno ti paga comeil biglietto del bus KLASH : Molotov Music, work in progress facciamo più bordello dei rockers voglio almeno tre tipe perchè non ho testa tu ne hai solo una ed è pure cessa più illuminati degli illuministi mille voci nella testa c'ho i coristi quando rappo il palco vibra, bitch ti riempio di insulti come ibraimovich JAKAR: Studio questa roba, tu il fu Mattia Pascal questo è Molotov, mica i Matia Bazar sfonderò e faròla fine di Kennedy il rap è morto? ho fumato le sue ceneri siamo nel gioco senza l'occhio del GF le facce bianche come zio Fester fenomeni paranormali quando premi rec tu hai visto più cazzi di chatroulette STELLAMAN: MM è nu' squadron' come il Foggia di Zeman il mio rap è pregiato, la crema della crema remiamo controvento, contromano, contro tutti il tuo stile è controsenso come il bianco nei lutti tutti ne parlano, sul beat piovono scariche illuminati, stiamo in cima alla piramide pirati dei Caraibi, come Johnny Depp stiamo all'arrembaggio in questo gioco del rap
- published: 23 Jul 2012
- views: 7972
- author: BigSmoOfficial
FlyyGuy Jakar 3Hunna Freestyle
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:16
- Updated: 31 Oct 2012
http://wn.com/FlyyGuy_Jakar_3Hunna_Freestyle
- published: 18 Feb 2012
- views: 2279
- author: FlyyGuyrio
![Mathura Mein Jakar Tum Murli Vinod Agarwal [Full Song] Shyam Tum Bhool Gaye](http://web.archive.org./web/20121201163505im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/8cWaklxOl-8/default.jpg "Mathura Mein Jakar Tum Murli Vinod Agarwal [Full Song] Shyam Tum Bhool Gaye")
Mathura Mein Jakar Tum Murli Vinod Agarwal [Full Song] Shyam Tum Bhool Gaye
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 58:30
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
Subscribe Our Channel For More Updates: www.youtube.com Krishna Bhajan: Mathura Mein Jakar Tum Murli Bajana Bhool Gaye Album Name: Shyam Tum Bhool Gaye Singer: Vinod Agarwal Music Director: Dinesh Sharma Music Label: T-Series Subscribe: www.youtube.com Bhakti Sagar: www.facebook.com For Spiritual Voice Alerts, Airtel subscribers Dial 589991 (toll free) To set popular Bhakti Dhun as your HelloTune, Airtel subscribers Dial 57878881 ------- ''Mathura Mein Jakar Manmohan'' ''Mathura Mein Jaakar'' ''Shyam Tum Bhul Gaye'' ''Mathura mein jaker'' ''Vinod Agarwal Krishna Bhajan'' ''Vinod Aggarwal Krishna bhajan'' ''Krishna Bhajan by Vinod Agarwal'' ''gopal'' ''shrikrishna'' ''Janmashtami'' ''Shrikrishna'' ''Janmastmi''''radhey govin gopal radhey'' ''radhe gobind gopal'' ''Krishna Bhajans vinod agarwal'' ''vind aggarwal'' ''krishan bhajans'' ''makhan chor'' ''Khatu Shyan Bhajans'' 'Khaatu shyam'' ''Alka Goyal'' ''radhe radhe krishan'' krishana'' ''shree radhe krishna'' ''shri radhe krishna '' ''jai radha raman hari'' ''Baanke Bihari'' ''Main Girdhar Mera'' ''Sanwra Jadugar'' ''Sanwra Mera Sanwra'' ''Ek Shaam Banke Bihari Ke Naam'' ''Sanwara Mere Sanwara'' ''Gopal'' ''Kanhaiyya'' ''Sri Krishan'' ''Krishna'' ''janmastami songs'' ''Shri Krishan Janamashtami'' ''Nand laal'' ''nandlal'' ''hari'' ''shri hari'' ''vishnu'' ''Krishna Janm songs'' ''Krishan Janam'' ''Sanwara'' ''Sanwara'' ''kanhaiya'' ''Kanhaiyya'' ''Gopal'' ''hare krishna hare rama'' ''shri krishna govind hare murari ...
http://wn.com/Mathura_Mein_Jakar_Tum_Murli_Vinod_Agarwal_Full_Song_Shyam_Tum_Bhool_Gaye
Subscribe Our Channel For More Updates: www.youtube.com Krishna Bhajan: Mathura Mein Jakar Tum Murli Bajana Bhool Gaye Album Name: Shyam Tum Bhool Gaye Singer: Vinod Agarwal Music Director: Dinesh Sharma Music Label: T-Series Subscribe: www.youtube.com Bhakti Sagar: www.facebook.com For Spiritual Voice Alerts, Airtel subscribers Dial 589991 (toll free) To set popular Bhakti Dhun as your HelloTune, Airtel subscribers Dial 57878881 ------- ''Mathura Mein Jakar Manmohan'' ''Mathura Mein Jaakar'' ''Shyam Tum Bhul Gaye'' ''Mathura mein jaker'' ''Vinod Agarwal Krishna Bhajan'' ''Vinod Aggarwal Krishna bhajan'' ''Krishna Bhajan by Vinod Agarwal'' ''gopal'' ''shrikrishna'' ''Janmashtami'' ''Shrikrishna'' ''Janmastmi''''radhey govin gopal radhey'' ''radhe gobind gopal'' ''Krishna Bhajans vinod agarwal'' ''vind aggarwal'' ''krishan bhajans'' ''makhan chor'' ''Khatu Shyan Bhajans'' 'Khaatu shyam'' ''Alka Goyal'' ''radhe radhe krishan'' krishana'' ''shree radhe krishna'' ''shri radhe krishna '' ''jai radha raman hari'' ''Baanke Bihari'' ''Main Girdhar Mera'' ''Sanwra Jadugar'' ''Sanwra Mera Sanwra'' ''Ek Shaam Banke Bihari Ke Naam'' ''Sanwara Mere Sanwara'' ''Gopal'' ''Kanhaiyya'' ''Sri Krishan'' ''Krishna'' ''janmastami songs'' ''Shri Krishan Janamashtami'' ''Nand laal'' ''nandlal'' ''hari'' ''shri hari'' ''vishnu'' ''Krishna Janm songs'' ''Krishan Janam'' ''Sanwara'' ''Sanwara'' ''kanhaiya'' ''Kanhaiyya'' ''Gopal'' ''hare krishna hare rama'' ''shri krishna govind hare murari ...
- published: 08 May 2011
- views: 50546
- author: tseriesbhakti
Jakar festival - Sunday, October 17, 2010
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:10
- Updated: 14 Nov 2010
Dances from the Jakar Festival in Bumthang, Bhutan
http://wn.com/Jakar_festival_Sunday,_October_17,_2010
Dances from the Jakar Festival in Bumthang, Bhutan
- published: 14 Nov 2010
- views: 216
- author: glennaa11
Mamacita Feat. FlyyGuy Jakar " Do My Thang "(RUSSIAN ROULETTE) remake | Official Music Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:09
- Updated: 24 Nov 2012
Shot/Filmed By : FlameGang Films Directed By: @BasedBoyChriszy Mamacita Feat. FlyyGuy Jakar " Do My Thang " | Official Music Video Prod. By Lex Luger RUSSIAN ROULETTE REMAKE
http://wn.com/Mamacita_Feat_FlyyGuy_Jakar_Do_My_Thang_RUSSIAN_ROULETTE_remake_|_Official_Music_Video
Shot/Filmed By : FlameGang Films Directed By: @BasedBoyChriszy Mamacita Feat. FlyyGuy Jakar " Do My Thang " | Official Music Video Prod. By Lex Luger RUSSIAN ROULETTE REMAKE
- published: 03 Nov 2012
- views: 1270
- author: BWMusicProductions
Mushtaq Qadri Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Tu Salaam Mera Ro Ro Ke Kehna ♥¸.•*SUBOHY*•.¸♥
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:01
- Updated: 12 Nov 2012
Zaire Taiba Roze Pe Mushtaq Qadri Beautiful salam Original Salam Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna Origina salam Mushtaq Qadri Present By Subohy14
http://wn.com/Mushtaq_Qadri_Zair_E_Taiba_Roze_Pe_Jakar_Tu_Salaam_Mera_Ro_Ro_Ke_Kehna_♥¸•*SUBOHY*•¸♥
Zaire Taiba Roze Pe Mushtaq Qadri Beautiful salam Original Salam Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna Origina salam Mushtaq Qadri Present By Subohy14
- published: 03 Mar 2011
- views: 12684
- author: Subohy14
![FlyyGuy Jakar - Hands Down Remix (3Hunna Freestyle) [Directed By @RadicalRebels]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121201163505im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/EOQMkyome_8/default.jpg "FlyyGuy Jakar - Hands Down Remix (3Hunna Freestyle) [Directed By @RadicalRebels]")
FlyyGuy Jakar - Hands Down Remix (3Hunna Freestyle) [Directed By @RadicalRebels]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:48
- Updated: 06 Nov 2012
FlyyGuy Jakar - Hands Down Remix (3Hunna Freestyle) [Directed By @RadicalRebels]
http://wn.com/FlyyGuy_Jakar_Hands_Down_Remix_3Hunna_Freestyle_Directed_By_@RadicalRebels_
FlyyGuy Jakar - Hands Down Remix (3Hunna Freestyle) [Directed By @RadicalRebels]
- published: 03 May 2012
- views: 4975
- author: RadicalRebels
People of Jakar and Kurjey , Bhutan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:09
- Updated: 14 Jul 2012
People of Jakar and Kurjey attend the Kurjey Tsechu in Bumthang, Bhutan's central green pasturage valley, to pay obeisance to Guru Rimpoche / Rinpoche, who brought Buddhism to Bhutan. On his birthday, the thankha / thanka / thangka / thangkha / thongdrel is unfurled at the Kurjey Tsechu or festival. A monk counts the Buddhist rosary while holy water is distributed. On a drum beat, the huge wall painting is lowered, drum beat by drum beat, for the people to see it. Bhutan is a Buddhist state where power is shared by the king and government. The country's name in the local dialect means Land of the Dragon. In Bhutan, thunder is believed to be the voices of dragons roaring. The two colors of the flag, divided diagonally, represent spiritual and temporal power within Bhutan. The orange part of the flag represents the Drukpas monasteries and Buddhist religious practice, while the saffron yellow field denotes the secular authority of the dynasty Early records suggest scattered clusters of inhabitants had already settled in Bhutan when the first recorded settlers arrived 1400 years ago. Bhutan's indigenous population is the Drukpa. Three main ethnic groups, the Sharchops, Ngalops and the Lhotsampas (of Nepalese origin), make up today's Drukpa population. Bhutan's earliest residents, the Sharchops reside predominantly in eastern Bhutan. Their origin can be traced to the tribes of northern Burma and northeast India. The Ngalops migrated from the Tibetan plains and are the ...
http://wn.com/People_of_Jakar_and_Kurjey_,_Bhutan
People of Jakar and Kurjey attend the Kurjey Tsechu in Bumthang, Bhutan's central green pasturage valley, to pay obeisance to Guru Rimpoche / Rinpoche, who brought Buddhism to Bhutan. On his birthday, the thankha / thanka / thangka / thangkha / thongdrel is unfurled at the Kurjey Tsechu or festival. A monk counts the Buddhist rosary while holy water is distributed. On a drum beat, the huge wall painting is lowered, drum beat by drum beat, for the people to see it. Bhutan is a Buddhist state where power is shared by the king and government. The country's name in the local dialect means Land of the Dragon. In Bhutan, thunder is believed to be the voices of dragons roaring. The two colors of the flag, divided diagonally, represent spiritual and temporal power within Bhutan. The orange part of the flag represents the Drukpas monasteries and Buddhist religious practice, while the saffron yellow field denotes the secular authority of the dynasty Early records suggest scattered clusters of inhabitants had already settled in Bhutan when the first recorded settlers arrived 1400 years ago. Bhutan's indigenous population is the Drukpa. Three main ethnic groups, the Sharchops, Ngalops and the Lhotsampas (of Nepalese origin), make up today's Drukpa population. Bhutan's earliest residents, the Sharchops reside predominantly in eastern Bhutan. Their origin can be traced to the tribes of northern Burma and northeast India. The Ngalops migrated from the Tibetan plains and are the ...
- published: 29 Jul 2010
- views: 854
- author: WildFilmsIndia
Jakar - NUMERO UNO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:02
- Updated: 16 Sep 2012
DELIRIO SOUND e MOLOTOV MUSIC presentano: Jakar - NUMERO UNO
http://wn.com/Jakar_NUMERO_UNO
DELIRIO SOUND e MOLOTOV MUSIC presentano: Jakar - NUMERO UNO
- published: 04 May 2012
- views: 429
- author: DelirioSound
Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna by Arif Attari - Madani Channel Dawateislami
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:17
- Updated: 30 Oct 2012
Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna by Haji Arif Attari Download complete program www.videos.Faizaneraza.org Largest Islamic Portal http
http://wn.com/Zair_E_Taiba_Roze_Pe_Jakar_Too_Salam_Mera_Ro_Ro_Kehna_by_Arif_Attari_Madani_Channel_Dawateislami
Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna by Haji Arif Attari Download complete program www.videos.Faizaneraza.org Largest Islamic Portal http
- published: 17 Jul 2010
- views: 16732
- author: faizaneraza2526
Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna by Haji Airf Attari
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:29
- Updated: 23 Jul 2012
Dawateislami Weekly Ijtima at FaizaneMadina Karachi 21st October 2010 Live on Madanichannel After Namaz e Magrib Download complete program www.videos.Faizaneraza.org Largest Islamic Portal http
http://wn.com/Zair_E_Taiba_Roze_Pe_Jakar_Too_Salam_Mera_Ro_Ro_Kehna_by_Haji_Airf_Attari
Dawateislami Weekly Ijtima at FaizaneMadina Karachi 21st October 2010 Live on Madanichannel After Namaz e Magrib Download complete program www.videos.Faizaneraza.org Largest Islamic Portal http
- published: 22 Oct 2010
- views: 1174
- author: faizaneraza2526
Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna by Haji Arif Attari
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:17
- Updated: 03 Sep 2012
Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna by Haji Arif Attari
http://wn.com/Zair_E_Taiba_Roze_Pe_Jakar_Too_Salam_Mera_Ro_Ro_Kehna_by_Haji_Arif_Attari
Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna by Haji Arif Attari
- published: 18 Jul 2010
- views: 5603
- author: Nabikeghulam
FlyyGuy Jakar - " All I Know " | Official Music Video ( Prod. By Noah Yisra'el )
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:44
- Updated: 24 Nov 2012
Shot/Filmed By: FlameGang Films Directed By: @BasedBoyChriszy FlyyGuy Jakar - " All I Know " | Official Music Video ( Prod. By Noah Yisra'el )
http://wn.com/FlyyGuy_Jakar_All_I_Know_|_Official_Music_Video_Prod_By_Noah_Yisra'el_
Shot/Filmed By: FlameGang Films Directed By: @BasedBoyChriszy FlyyGuy Jakar - " All I Know " | Official Music Video ( Prod. By Noah Yisra'el )
- published: 30 Sep 2012
- views: 2438
- author: BWMusicProductions
FLYYGUY JAKAR - FRENCH MONTANA POP THAT Freestyle (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:52
- Updated: 31 Oct 2012
Shot/Filmed By: FlameGang Films Directed By: @BasedBoyChriszy FlyyGuy Jakar - French Montana " Pop That " ( Freestyle ) | Official Music Video
http://wn.com/FLYYGUY_JAKAR_FRENCH_MONTANA_POP_THAT_Freestyle_OFFICIAL_VIDEO
Shot/Filmed By: FlameGang Films Directed By: @BasedBoyChriszy FlyyGuy Jakar - French Montana " Pop That " ( Freestyle ) | Official Music Video
- published: 14 Sep 2012
- views: 1855
- author: BWMusicProductions
Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna - Mehfil e Madina
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:36
- Updated: 14 Jul 2012
Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna - Mehfil e Madina
http://wn.com/Zair_E_Taiba_Roze_Pe_Jakar_Too_Salam_Mera_Ro_Ro_Kehna_Mehfil_e_Madina
Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna - Mehfil e Madina
- published: 26 Oct 2010
- views: 1705
- author: faizaneraza2526
FlyyGuy Jakar & Rio - I Been Fly
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:09
- Updated: 29 Jul 2012
Brand New Track By FlyyGuys Called "I Been Fly" Video Produced By The Rebels Music Recorded By FlyyGuys Directed By Reckless Logic Filmed & Edited By Deezignz
http://wn.com/FlyyGuy_Jakar_Rio_I_Been_Fly
Brand New Track By FlyyGuys Called "I Been Fly" Video Produced By The Rebels Music Recorded By FlyyGuys Directed By Reckless Logic Filmed & Edited By Deezignz
- published: 06 Oct 2011
- views: 2185
- author: RadicalRebels
FlyyGuy Jakar x Rio - Loud
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:04
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
New Video For The FlyyGuys Song Entitled "Loud" Follow The Rebels On Twitter twitter.com Like Us On FB and Add The Admins www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/FlyyGuy_Jakar_x_Rio_Loud
New Video For The FlyyGuys Song Entitled "Loud" Follow The Rebels On Twitter twitter.com Like Us On FB and Add The Admins www.facebook.com
- published: 21 Dec 2011
- views: 2211
- author: RadicalRebels
Georgia Bulldogs vs Louisiana-Laf :: Jakar Hamilton Pick 6
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:25
- Updated: 11 Dec 2011
http://wn.com/Georgia_Bulldogs_vs_Louisiana-Laf_Jakar_Hamilton_Pick_6
- published: 04 Sep 2010
- views: 4328
- author: knowlimitsoulja
Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar By Mushtaq Qadri Attari ( Marhoom )
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:55
- Updated: 06 Sep 2012
Please comments........ , . . . Zaire Taiba Roze Pe Mushtaq Qadri Beautiful salam Original Salam Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna owais raza qadri naat Wah Subhan Allah Geotv Qtv Ary 2011 2012 al nabi sallu alai ya rasool allah allah hoo allah hoo allah gunahon ki aadat tajdar e haram main madine chala sain zahoor sufi kalam farhan ali qadri naats naat sharif prof. abdul rauf roofi naat syed mohammad fasih ud din soharwardi Faslon ko Takalluf Hai humse Agar Qari Waheed Zafar Qasmi madina madina naat ae ay madine ke tajdar tujhe milad un nabi Nabvi SAW Muraqaba Naqshbandi Muraqabah Allah Allah Zikr Ya silsila qadria Rab Dil e Muslim Ko Allama Iqbal Har Lehza e Momin Ali Ali Har Dam Sar Hai Kham Haath Mera Utha Hai Tajdar-e-Haram Ho Nigah-e-Karam Wah Wah Subhan Allah Ubaid e Raza Ramzan Meherban Thehri Hui Aankhon Mein Judai Ki Ghari Hai Salam Alaik Ya Nabi Alahazrat Tajdar-e-Haram & Salam Alaik Ya Nabi Bulbul-e-Madinah Alhaaj Muhammad Owais Raza Qadri's latest Ramzan album 2011 Tajdar-e-Haram Ya Nabi Salam Alaik Wah Wah Subhan Allah mehfil naat sama jannat main le k jaye gi owais qadri Mere Aaqa Ki Hai Shaan Sub Se Alag Mein Lab Kusha Nahi Hoon Khusha Woh Din Haram-e-Paak Ki Fizaon Mein Ya RasoolAllah Tere Dar Ki fazaon ko salam Kharab Haal Kia Dil Ko Ya Rab Bitha Day Gumbad-e-Khazra Ki Ya Ilahi Har Jaga Teri Ataa Ka Sath Ho Shah e Jeelan jilani Peer e Peeran Nabi Ka Jashan Aaya Dekho Aye Huwe Mere Sarkaar Hain Annabi Sallu Aleh Apni Lagan Laga Day ...
http://wn.com/Zair_E_Taiba_Roze_Pe_Jakar_By_Mushtaq_Qadri_Attari_Marhoom_
Please comments........ , . . . Zaire Taiba Roze Pe Mushtaq Qadri Beautiful salam Original Salam Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna owais raza qadri naat Wah Subhan Allah Geotv Qtv Ary 2011 2012 al nabi sallu alai ya rasool allah allah hoo allah hoo allah gunahon ki aadat tajdar e haram main madine chala sain zahoor sufi kalam farhan ali qadri naats naat sharif prof. abdul rauf roofi naat syed mohammad fasih ud din soharwardi Faslon ko Takalluf Hai humse Agar Qari Waheed Zafar Qasmi madina madina naat ae ay madine ke tajdar tujhe milad un nabi Nabvi SAW Muraqaba Naqshbandi Muraqabah Allah Allah Zikr Ya silsila qadria Rab Dil e Muslim Ko Allama Iqbal Har Lehza e Momin Ali Ali Har Dam Sar Hai Kham Haath Mera Utha Hai Tajdar-e-Haram Ho Nigah-e-Karam Wah Wah Subhan Allah Ubaid e Raza Ramzan Meherban Thehri Hui Aankhon Mein Judai Ki Ghari Hai Salam Alaik Ya Nabi Alahazrat Tajdar-e-Haram & Salam Alaik Ya Nabi Bulbul-e-Madinah Alhaaj Muhammad Owais Raza Qadri's latest Ramzan album 2011 Tajdar-e-Haram Ya Nabi Salam Alaik Wah Wah Subhan Allah mehfil naat sama jannat main le k jaye gi owais qadri Mere Aaqa Ki Hai Shaan Sub Se Alag Mein Lab Kusha Nahi Hoon Khusha Woh Din Haram-e-Paak Ki Fizaon Mein Ya RasoolAllah Tere Dar Ki fazaon ko salam Kharab Haal Kia Dil Ko Ya Rab Bitha Day Gumbad-e-Khazra Ki Ya Ilahi Har Jaga Teri Ataa Ka Sath Ho Shah e Jeelan jilani Peer e Peeran Nabi Ka Jashan Aaya Dekho Aye Huwe Mere Sarkaar Hain Annabi Sallu Aleh Apni Lagan Laga Day ...
- published: 23 Aug 2012
- views: 721
- author: Ateeq ahmed
Zaire Taiba Roze Pe Jakar tu salam mera Ro Ro k Kehna - Jumat-ul-Vida 25 Ramazan 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:51
- Updated: 19 Apr 2012
Please dont forget to rate it & Share! www.facebook.com www.islamimehfil.com www.facebook.com www.Faizaneraza.org
http://wn.com/Zaire_Taiba_Roze_Pe_Jakar_tu_salam_mera_Ro_Ro_k_Kehna_Jumat-ul-Vida_25_Ramazan_2011
Please dont forget to rate it & Share! www.facebook.com www.islamimehfil.com www.facebook.com www.Faizaneraza.org
- published: 26 Aug 2011
- views: 1299
- author: faizaneraza2526
16:30
Gross National Happiness - Bhutan
1 September 1999 The kingdom of Bhutan is placing environmental concerns and spiritual wel...
published: 21 Dec 2007
author: journeymanpictures
Gross National Happiness - Bhutan
1 September 1999 The kingdom of Bhutan is placing environmental concerns and spiritual wellbeing over rampant capitalism. Produced by ABC Australia Distributed by Journeyman Pictures
- published: 21 Dec 2007
- views: 139963
- author: journeymanpictures
17:38
Dragon Kingdom - Bhutan
June 2005 In a world where despots cling to power by any means, Bhutan's much loved King i...
published: 06 Nov 2007
author: journeymanpictures
Dragon Kingdom - Bhutan
June 2005 In a world where despots cling to power by any means, Bhutan's much loved King is voluntarily relinquishing control. It's part of a plan to engage with the wider world. This tiny mountain kingdom is one of the least undisturbed places on earth. Here, emphasis is placed on 'Gross National Happiness', and schools teach children to live in harmony. "We are an independent kingdom with a very strong policy that preserves our environment," explains author Tshewang Dhendup. The king is widely revered across the country. "He's a very humble man," explains one friend. "No Swiss bank accounts, no Lear jets. Lives in a log cabin." His subjects are still coming to terms with his decision to share power. In recent years, Bhutan has started reaching beyond the mountains. But nothing is allowed to endanger its unique culture Produced by ABC Australia Distributed by Journeyman Pictures
- published: 06 Nov 2007
- views: 206887
- author: journeymanpictures
59:01
Himalaya with Michael Palin - part 6 - Bhutan to the Bay of Bengal
Michael Palin concludes his Himalayan trek. In Bhutan, Palin has a last look at the high H...
published: 10 Feb 2012
author: bratanciprian
Himalaya with Michael Palin - part 6 - Bhutan to the Bay of Bengal
Michael Palin concludes his Himalayan trek. In Bhutan, Palin has a last look at the high Himalaya. Trekking to Chomolhari Base Camp he meets a nomad with a penchant for yak songs before reaching Paro to witness the Buddhist festival of Tsechu. En route to Bangladesh he sees rare black-neck cranes. In Bangladesh he visits the beaches of Chittagong and grid-locked Dhaka and completes his journey on a fishing boat in the Bay of Bengal.
- published: 10 Feb 2012
- views: 17035
- author: bratanciprian
7:54
Bhutan (Shangri-La)
Truly a hidden shangri-la in the Hiamalyas. Breathtaking. Fascinating. Unforgettable!...
published: 11 Dec 2008
author: 2flyndive
Bhutan (Shangri-La)
Truly a hidden shangri-la in the Hiamalyas. Breathtaking. Fascinating. Unforgettable!
- published: 11 Dec 2008
- views: 230104
- author: 2flyndive
8:19
Most difficult landing in the world - Bhutan? (Original)
Paro, Bhutan in a A320. Visual flight rules only..no instrument landing systems..the jet j...
published: 25 Sep 2010
author: Althams1
Most difficult landing in the world - Bhutan? (Original)
Paro, Bhutan in a A320. Visual flight rules only..no instrument landing systems..the jet jockey's dream..the passenger's nighmare! Fast forward to the last 3 minutes and you will see..
- published: 25 Sep 2010
- views: 1644677
- author: Althams1
7:21
Postcards from Bhutan
Neha Dixit takes a bus ride and goes deeper into this beautiful Himalayan kingdom. Watch f...
published: 24 Jun 2012
author: ndtvgoodtimes
Postcards from Bhutan
Neha Dixit takes a bus ride and goes deeper into this beautiful Himalayan kingdom. Watch full show: goodtimes.ndtv.com
- published: 24 Jun 2012
- views: 760
- author: ndtvgoodtimes
4:41
Bhutan's royal wedding
2011 is the year of the royal wedding - there was William and Kate, then Zara and England ...
published: 13 Oct 2011
author: ITVNews
Bhutan's royal wedding
2011 is the year of the royal wedding - there was William and Kate, then Zara and England rugby star Mike Tindall. Today, it was the King of Bhutan tying the knot and it was a very different affair. Dignitaries and well-wishers gathered at an ancient monastic fortress to see King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuk marry his bride, 21-year-old student Jetsun Pema. For days before the wedding, monks held dawn prayer sessions in remote mountain valleys. Such was the popularity of the event, Bhutan's airline had to add extra flights to deal with the flood of visitors from abroad. The people of the young demoncracy between China and India are calling it a "once in a lifetime event." Wangchuck is not expected to follow the example of his father, who married four sisters from a wealthy family. Polygamy is allowed in Bhutan, but is rare.
- published: 13 Oct 2011
- views: 142047
- author: ITVNews
5:02
Bhutan - Monasteries, King and Foreign relations.
...
published: 06 Oct 2012
author: MrDharma11
Bhutan - Monasteries, King and Foreign relations.
- published: 06 Oct 2012
- views: 207
- author: MrDharma11
7:45
The Bhutanese Refugee Journey: From A Refugee Camp in Nepal to New Life in Seattle
After 17 years in a refugee camp in SE Nepal, the Rizal family was resettled in Seattle's ...
published: 03 Feb 2010
author: lendavis
The Bhutanese Refugee Journey: From A Refugee Camp in Nepal to New Life in Seattle
After 17 years in a refugee camp in SE Nepal, the Rizal family was resettled in Seattle's Rainier Valley in 2008. This story follows the journey of Bhutanese refugees as they leave the camps in route to their new homes in countries around the world, via a transit center in Kathmandu where they get final medical screenings and cultural orientation. The piece originally aired on The Seattle Channel program City Stream. The 2 other segments in a 3 part series connecting Seattle and Nepal can be seen at www.youtube.com & www.youtube.com This segment was written by Penny LeGate who I collaborated with on this series. This video was produced by www.PangealityProductions.com Become a fan on Facebook at http
- published: 03 Feb 2010
- views: 30365
- author: lendavis
5:19
Bhutan vs Afghanistan (Highlights) SAFF Championships 2011
Bhutan 1-8 Afghanistan: Afghanistan routed Bhutan 8-1 in their final group A fixture and e...
published: 07 Dec 2011
author: saffchampionship
Bhutan vs Afghanistan (Highlights) SAFF Championships 2011
Bhutan 1-8 Afghanistan: Afghanistan routed Bhutan 8-1 in their final group A fixture and enthralled the audience at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium with their attacking brand of football. For more, visit goo.gl
- published: 07 Dec 2011
- views: 56014
- author: saffchampionship
26:23
Bhutan - Fortress of the Gods
'Bhutan - Fortress of the Gods' tells the story of modernisation of Bhutan under the leade...
published: 28 May 2012
author: Indiandiplomacy
Bhutan - Fortress of the Gods
'Bhutan - Fortress of the Gods' tells the story of modernisation of Bhutan under the leadership of King Jigme Singe Wangchuk. Credited with following a path of modernisation that balances local cultural needs with economic development the King coined the definer 'gross national happiness.' Bhutan is a unique example of a constitutional monarchy that harmoniously blends together its cultural heritage, spiritual moorings and practices, political ideology and its economic ambitions. The film visually evokes modern Bhutan, tucked away in the Himalayas and surrounded by huge nations like India and China, in all its various forms. The films also refers to its rich, cultural and religious history. Bhutan is a unique story, as the film demonstrates, of a nation building its own democracy in compliance with its particular character and history.
- published: 28 May 2012
- views: 1330
- author: Indiandiplomacy
6:30
Bhutanese song 2012
Druk Star-Chimi Wangmo (RIgsar 2)...
published: 06 Jun 2012
author: MrDharma11
Bhutanese song 2012
Druk Star-Chimi Wangmo (RIgsar 2)
- published: 06 Jun 2012
- views: 2425
- author: MrDharma11
2:19
Top 5 Best actress in Bhutan
Top 5 best actress in Bhutan,This are based on my opinion. Hope U enjoy iT!!! Number of ph...
published: 05 Jul 2012
author: BhutanVevo love
Top 5 Best actress in Bhutan
Top 5 best actress in Bhutan,This are based on my opinion. Hope U enjoy iT!!! Number of photo increases with rank..
- published: 05 Jul 2012
- views: 7549
- author: BhutanVevo love
10:12
Bhutan Gammon Aquaduct Animation
This is a Corporate Animated Picture depicting the process of Tunnel making ,currently car...
published: 19 Mar 2012
author: Rajan Pradhan
Bhutan Gammon Aquaduct Animation
This is a Corporate Animated Picture depicting the process of Tunnel making ,currently carried out on behalf of Gammon India in Bhutan on Punatsangchu River. Known as Punatsanghchu Hydroelectric Electric Project (PHEP) .. The Animation Narrates each and every detail that Tunnel making takes up... Credits : 3D Modeling /Texturing / Lighting/ Animation :- Rajan Pradhan Post Production :- Mandar Satpute Narration :- Tejas Tamane Developed at :- Arrow Design Studio,Aurangabad(Mah) India www.arrow-studio.com
- published: 19 Mar 2012
- views: 759
- author: Rajan Pradhan
Vimeo results:
2:05
SPEED - Auf der Suche nach der verlorenen Zeit TRAILER HD DEUTSCH
„Wir sparen ständig Zeit. Trotzdem haben wir am Ende immer weniger. Warum eigentlich?“
O...
published: 03 Jul 2012
author: Camino Filmverleih
SPEED - Auf der Suche nach der verlorenen Zeit TRAILER HD DEUTSCH
„Wir sparen ständig Zeit. Trotzdem haben wir am Ende immer weniger. Warum eigentlich?“
Obwohl wir ständig Zeit sparen, haben wir immer weniger zur Verfügung. Im Takt der elektronischen Kommunikationsmittel hetzen wir von einem Termin zum anderen. Für die wirklich wichtigen Dinge, für Freunde, Familie, sogar für die eigenen Kinder, bleibt kaum noch Zeit. Doch wer oder was treibt diese Beschleunigung eigentlich an? Ist es ein gesellschaftliches Phänomen, oder liegt es am Zeitmanagement des Einzelnen? Und: gibt es Alternativen?
In seinem Kinodokumentarfilm begibt sich der Filmemacher und Autor Florian Opitz auf die Suche nach der verlorenen Zeit. Er geht der Frage nach, wo all die Zeit geblieben ist, die wir mühsam mit neuesten Technologien und Effizienzmodellen glaubten, eingespart zu haben. Dabei trifft er auf Menschen, die die ständige Beschleunigung unseres Lebens vorantreiben und solche, die sich trauen, Alternativen zur allgegenwärtigen Rastlosigkeit zu leben. Er befragt Zeitmanagement-Experten, Therapeuten und Wissenschaftler nach Ursachen und Auswirkungen der chronischen Zeitnot. Er trifft Unternehmensberater und Akteure im internationalen Finanzmarkt, die an der Zeitschraube drehen. Ihr Ziel: automatisierte Finanzgeschäfte in Millisekunden. Und er lernt Menschen kennen, die aus ihrem ganz privaten Hamsterrad ausgestiegen sind und solche, die nach gesellschaftlichen Alternativen suchen. Er entdeckt: ein anderes Tempo ist möglich, wir müssen es nur wollen.
2:45
circumamblation
morning at the National Memorial Choeten
Thimphu, Bhutan
http://learningtosee.tumblr.com/...
published: 16 Aug 2009
author: Robert van Koesveld
circumamblation
morning at the National Memorial Choeten
Thimphu, Bhutan
http://learningtosee.tumblr.com/
2:28
Kadinchey
My remix of sights and sounds recorded around Bhutan. 'Kadinchey' in Bhutanese means Thank...
published: 28 Dec 2011
author: Nick Bertke
Kadinchey
My remix of sights and sounds recorded around Bhutan. 'Kadinchey' in Bhutanese means Thank You, which indeed I say to everyone who helped to fund our trip!
Thank you so much for helping us get this project off the ground, everybody! We couldn't have done it without you, and I think it serves as marvellous proof that our world remix concept has tremendous potential.
0:32
Terra Sacra Time Lapses Trailer
My life as a filmmaker has been a journey which has blessed me with seeing some of the mos...
published: 28 Mar 2012
author: Sean F. White
Terra Sacra Time Lapses Trailer
My life as a filmmaker has been a journey which has blessed me with seeing some of the most surreal and timeless places on the planet. These images of our Sacred Earth set to music are my way of sharing some of the magic I've experienced along the way…
"Terra Sacra Time Lapses"
Six years in the making... seven continents... 24 countries.
COMING SPRING 2012
Photographed and Edited by Sean F. White
Original music by Roy Milner
http://www.TERRA-SACRA.com
Featuring shots for the television series
Art Wolfe’s Travels to the Edge
http://www.travelstotheedge.com
http://www.artwolfe.com
With shots from the television series
Ancient Megastructures and Battle Castle
http://www.parallaxfilm.com
http://www.battlecastle.tv
For updates and release information:
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/seanfwhite
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Sean-F-White-Photography-Films/291134517608278
--
"Terra Sacra" ~ Latin for Sacred Earth.
Terra Sacra Time Lapses is a short film featuring remote landscapes and ancient monuments from around the globe. These images were photographed during my assignments and personal travels between 2006-2012.
I've combined my favourite shots from these trips into non-narrative film that touches on a theme close to my heart: Sacred Earth.
The visuals are driven by an original score by composer Roy Milner (http://www.roymilner.com). The six-minute film is a journey through three distinct Acts: (I) Primordial Earth (II) Past meets Present and (III) Eternal Universe.
This film is a personal project to share the beauty and awe I witnessed at these locations. I hope viewers will be moved by the intangible power of our Terra Sacra.
THANKS TO:
Endless thanks to Art Wolfe for hiring me to as the cinematographer for the public television series Art Wolfe's Travels to the Edge and taking me to the ends of the Earth where most of the shots from Terra Sacra were made. Art, you are an inspiration and the most driven photographer I have ever known! I learned so much working on this show with our amazing crew and have stories to tell for a lifetime!
http://www.artwolfe.com
http://www.travelstotheedge.com
Never-ending thanks to friends and colleagues Ian Herring and Maija Leivo of Parallax Film Productions for permission to us shots I took for the television series Ancient Megastructures (National Geographic Channel / History Television) and Battle Castle (Discovery/History Television/ BBC). These assignments provided unprecedented access to some of the world's most iconic ancient landmarks
http://www.parallaxfilm.com
Infinite thanks to my amazing wife Deddeda for her love and constant encouragement to pursue this project.
COUNTRIES:
Bolivia
Chile
USA
Antarctica
Kenya
Madagascar
UK
Argentina
Brazil
Australia
Mali
Nepal
New Zealand
Japan
Bhutan
Peru
Mongolia
Iceland
Cambodia
Egypt
Jordan
Philippines
Syria
Poland
http://www.terra-sacra.com
Youtube results:
2:38
Assam violence affects Bhutan, tourism at a standstill - NewsX
The fallout of 46 days of violence in Assam goes beyond the just the state's borders. Bhut...
published: 31 Aug 2012
author: newsxlive
Assam violence affects Bhutan, tourism at a standstill - NewsX
The fallout of 46 days of violence in Assam goes beyond the just the state's borders. Bhutan which adjoins Assam is feeling it hard too, in tourism - its lifeline - at an all time low. And even supply lines for essential commodities as good as blocked. For more log on to www.newsx.com
- published: 31 Aug 2012
- views: 992
- author: newsxlive
3:04
How to Travel to Bhutan
The high price of travel keeps most backpackers from visiting, up to $350 per day for the ...
published: 19 Jan 2012
author: antonseim
How to Travel to Bhutan
The high price of travel keeps most backpackers from visiting, up to $350 per day for the visa and tour cost and a standard $750 roundtrip on Druk Airways, but here's the deal: You absolutely get what you pay for. I recommend going through Bhutan Majestic Travel: www.bhutanmajestictravel.com
- published: 19 Jan 2012
- views: 5911
- author: antonseim
9:34
Jonathan Harris: Balloons for Bhutan
Background and context: www.brainpickings.org Excerpt from Harris's 2007 EG / TED talk, av...
published: 02 Nov 2011
author: brainpickings
Jonathan Harris: Balloons for Bhutan
Background and context: www.brainpickings.org Excerpt from Harris's 2007 EG / TED talk, available under a Creative Commons license: www.ted.com
- published: 02 Nov 2011
- views: 11201
- author: brainpickings
24:34
Living Cars: Royal Enfield Tour of Bhutan 2012 - NewsX
Get ready for a bike ride to heaven. Shams Raza Naqvi of Living Cars joins a group of 30 R...
published: 06 Jun 2012
author: newsxlive
Living Cars: Royal Enfield Tour of Bhutan 2012 - NewsX
Get ready for a bike ride to heaven. Shams Raza Naqvi of Living Cars joins a group of 30 Royal Enfield bikers from all over India for a road trip through the beautiful Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan. The ride starts from Siliguri in West Bengal, proceeds to the Darjeeling - the Queen of Hills and then moves towards the state of Sikkim. From Sikkim the riders approach Phuentsholing, the entry point to Bhutan. And then the group rides in Bhutan for the next seven days through some great roads and beautiful landscapes. After crossing the length and breadth of the majestic country, the ride ends in Guwahati, Assam.
- published: 06 Jun 2012
- views: 5710
- author: newsxlive
7:58
Thimphu, Bhutan
A brief tour of the main tourist attractions in and around one of the world's most unusual...
published: 22 Oct 2009
author: Mark Horrell
Thimphu, Bhutan
A brief tour of the main tourist attractions in and around one of the world's most unusual capital cities: the archery ground, Clocktower Square, traffic police (yes, believe it or not, they are a tourist attraction), National Memorial Chorten, Trashi Chhoe Dzong, and a Takin wildlife reserve of curious animals with the body of a cow and head of a goat. For related still photographs see www.markhorrell.com
- published: 22 Oct 2009
- views: 19137
- author: Mark Horrell
4:21
Thimphu Expressway (Only highway in Bhutan)
Thimphu Expressway from Babesa to Thimphu - www.bhutantour.bt...
published: 17 Mar 2009
author: bhutantour
Thimphu Expressway (Only highway in Bhutan)
Thimphu Expressway from Babesa to Thimphu - www.bhutantour.bt
- published: 17 Mar 2009
- views: 19706
- author: bhutantour
8:29
Taxi Drivers in Thimphu Documentary
LIFE OF A TAXI DRIVER We chose this topic to help the taxi drivers who are working hard fo...
published: 10 Sep 2009
author: BhutanYouthMedia
Taxi Drivers in Thimphu Documentary
LIFE OF A TAXI DRIVER We chose this topic to help the taxi drivers who are working hard for their living. They suffer for a living since they are not educated. We chose this topic because we knew our film will be on the internet. We hope the people and especially the government will watch our films and help the taxi drivers by trying to understand them and give them business. Lungten Dorji, Khenrab S. Tharchyin, and Tandin Wagchuk This film was made in the summer 2009 media club program sponsored by the Bhutan Centre for Media and Democracy (www.bhutancmd.org.bt
- published: 10 Sep 2009
- views: 3038
- author: BhutanYouthMedia
2:05
SAARC Opening Ceremonies in Thimphu, Bhutan
Leaders of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Nepal, and Bhuta...
published: 30 Apr 2010
author: cctwebteam
SAARC Opening Ceremonies in Thimphu, Bhutan
Leaders of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Nepal, and Bhutan met in Bhutan for the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Summit on April 28-29. This is the first time that Bhutan will host the summit, which is focusing on climate change as well as a number of other issues. Bhutan is also promoting its concept of Gross National Happiness (GNH) which relates a countries development to personal contentment and happiness. www.insidebayarea.com
- published: 30 Apr 2010
- views: 8764
- author: cctwebteam
2:55
Thimphu Traffic in Bhutan
Kingdom of Bhutan - www.youtube.com Thimphu Traffic, traffic run by police man, Beautiful ...
published: 21 Sep 2008
author: Abi Narayan
Thimphu Traffic in Bhutan
Kingdom of Bhutan - www.youtube.com Thimphu Traffic, traffic run by police man, Beautiful Thimphu Traffic video with sound track Satha ringsa(Golden Cup) by Yeshi Choden. Compiled by abiXalmon
- published: 21 Sep 2008
- views: 11878
- author: Abi Narayan
2:48
Bhutan-In the Darkness of Thimphu
Drugs and gang fights in Thimphu the capital city of Bhutan..... An award winner.... Young...
published: 20 Jul 2009
author: kingalhendup13
Bhutan-In the Darkness of Thimphu
Drugs and gang fights in Thimphu the capital city of Bhutan..... An award winner.... Youngest director in Bhutan....
- published: 20 Jul 2009
- views: 5753
- author: kingalhendup13
1:40
Paro and Thimphu in Bhutan
Thimpu is the capital city of Bhutan. It is situated in the western central part of Bhutan...
published: 09 Aug 2010
author: WildFilmsIndia
Paro and Thimphu in Bhutan
Thimpu is the capital city of Bhutan. It is situated in the western central part of Bhutan and the name of the surrounding valley is dzongkhag, the Thimphu District. Thisfootage is part of the professionally-shot stock footage archive of Wilderness Films India Ltd., the largest collection of imagery from South Asia. The Wilderness Films India collection comprises of thousands of hours of high quality broadcast imagery, mostly shot on HDCAM 1080i High Definition, HDV and Digital Betacam. Write to us for licensing this footage on a broadcast format, for use in your production! We pride ourselves in bringing the best of India and South Asia to the world... wfi@vsnl.com and admin@wildfilmsindia.com.
- published: 09 Aug 2010
- views: 2779
- author: WildFilmsIndia
2:15
Thimphu Vegetable Market or Centenary Farmers Market
Thimphu Vegetable Market or Centenary Farmers Market: www.bhutantour.bt One of the biggest...
published: 28 Jan 2009
author: bhutantour
Thimphu Vegetable Market or Centenary Farmers Market
Thimphu Vegetable Market or Centenary Farmers Market: www.bhutantour.bt One of the biggest structures in Bhutan, centenary farmers market was built in 2008 to mark the coronation of fifth king of Bhutan and 100 years of monarchy. The two storied building has 458 stalls for sale of vegetables, fruits, meat and other farm produces. It also houses cafeteria and separate stalls for non wood forest products. Vendors from throughout the country come here to sell their farm produces. The market is open 6 days in a week except Wednesday.
- published: 28 Jan 2009
- views: 3693
- author: bhutantour
5:08
Total Solar Eclipse from Thimphu Bhutan (22 July 2009)
Total Solar Eclipse seen from Buddha Point in Thimphu, Bhutan at 5:58 AM (22 July 2009). B...
published: 22 Jul 2009
author: bhutantour
Total Solar Eclipse from Thimphu Bhutan (22 July 2009)
Total Solar Eclipse seen from Buddha Point in Thimphu, Bhutan at 5:58 AM (22 July 2009). Bhutan Excursions - www.bhutantour.bt
- published: 22 Jul 2009
- views: 4457
- author: bhutantour
1:29
Thimphu, Capital of Bhutan
Thimphu was a small settlement but was developed by the King Jigme Dorje Wangchuk to shift...
published: 13 Aug 2010
author: WildFilmsIndia
Thimphu, Capital of Bhutan
Thimphu was a small settlement but was developed by the King Jigme Dorje Wangchuk to shift from the ancient capital of Punakha. It consisted of a group of hamlets scattered across the valley including Motithang, Changangkha, Changlimithang, Langchupakha, and Taba, some of which constitute districts of the city today. Thisfootage is part of the professionally-shot stock footage archive of Wilderness Films India Ltd., the largest collection of imagery from South Asia. The Wilderness Films India collection comprises of thousands of hours of high quality broadcast imagery, mostly shot on HDCAM 1080i High Definition, HDV and Digital Betacam. Write to us for licensing this footage on a broadcast format, for use in your production! We pride ourselves in bringing the best of India and South Asia to the world... wfi @ vsnl.com and admin@wildfilmsindia.com.
- published: 13 Aug 2010
- views: 2056
- author: WildFilmsIndia
2:30
Thimphu and Dochula pass, Bhutan
Dochula Pass stands an hour and a half away from Thimphu, along a lovely Rhododendron and ...
published: 19 Aug 2010
author: WildFilmsIndia
Thimphu and Dochula pass, Bhutan
Dochula Pass stands an hour and a half away from Thimphu, along a lovely Rhododendron and conifer forest (with trees festooned with orchids) and lies along the highway to central Bhutan, with a road leading to Punakha. Dochula pass is located on the way to Punakha from Thimphu. The pass is popular for tourists for its ideal location from where one can enjoy 360 degree of beautiful panoramic view of Himalaya mountain range, especially on clear winter days. The beauty of this place is further enhanced by the Druk Wangyal Chortens-108 stupa built by the eldest Queen Mother Her Majesty Ashi Dorji Wangmo Wangchuk. The pass is also popular spiritual place for both locals and tourists because of an important temple that is located on the crest of Dochula pass. Her Majesty Ashi Dorji Wangmo Wangchuck has achieved a fine blend of history and mythology in the construction of The Druk Wangyal Lhakhang (temple) to honor His Majesty the fourth Druk Gyalpo, Jigme Singye Wangchuck. The past and future appear to merge in the details of the lhakhang (temple) that tells the story of a supreme warrior figure whose vision pierces the distant future. Besides the spirituality of the place many Bhutanese families visit the pass during holidays and weekends to simply enjoy the scenery of the place with their pack lunch and hot tea. For the tourist the place is an ideal location to capture beautiful pictures of Himalaya mountain range during clear warm days. Source: www.tourism.gov.bt Thimphu ...
- published: 19 Aug 2010
- views: 573
- author: WildFilmsIndia
1:46
Dochula Pass in Thimphu Bhutan
Dochula Pass in Thimphu Bhutan with song La Dochula... Dochu La (3050m) from where one can...
published: 18 Jan 2009
author: bhutantour
Dochula Pass in Thimphu Bhutan
Dochula Pass in Thimphu Bhutan with song La Dochula... Dochu La (3050m) from where one can have a spectacular view of the Himalayas to the north when the sky is clear. The pass is marked by 108 chortens (Stupa) which are Buddhist reliquaries, memorials to the teachings of the Buddha. Sometimes actual relics of the Buddha or revered monks are inserted into the dome of the stupa, but whether or not there are relics inside, the stupas mark the landscape with reminders of the Buddhas teachings... Visit Bhutan : www.bhutantour.bt
- published: 18 Jan 2009
- views: 6115
- author: bhutantour
1:37
Thimphu Dzong (Part 1)
Showing you around the main facade of Thimphu dzong. Watch out part 2 for inside the dzong...
published: 25 Jun 2011
author: Aviram Vijh
Thimphu Dzong (Part 1)
Showing you around the main facade of Thimphu dzong. Watch out part 2 for inside the dzong.
- published: 25 Jun 2011
- views: 386
- author: Aviram Vijh
Vimeo results:
2:05
SPEED - Auf der Suche nach der verlorenen Zeit TRAILER HD DEUTSCH
„Wir sparen ständig Zeit. Trotzdem haben wir am Ende immer weniger. Warum eigentlich?“
O...
published: 03 Jul 2012
author: Camino Filmverleih
SPEED - Auf der Suche nach der verlorenen Zeit TRAILER HD DEUTSCH
„Wir sparen ständig Zeit. Trotzdem haben wir am Ende immer weniger. Warum eigentlich?“
Obwohl wir ständig Zeit sparen, haben wir immer weniger zur Verfügung. Im Takt der elektronischen Kommunikationsmittel hetzen wir von einem Termin zum anderen. Für die wirklich wichtigen Dinge, für Freunde, Familie, sogar für die eigenen Kinder, bleibt kaum noch Zeit. Doch wer oder was treibt diese Beschleunigung eigentlich an? Ist es ein gesellschaftliches Phänomen, oder liegt es am Zeitmanagement des Einzelnen? Und: gibt es Alternativen?
In seinem Kinodokumentarfilm begibt sich der Filmemacher und Autor Florian Opitz auf die Suche nach der verlorenen Zeit. Er geht der Frage nach, wo all die Zeit geblieben ist, die wir mühsam mit neuesten Technologien und Effizienzmodellen glaubten, eingespart zu haben. Dabei trifft er auf Menschen, die die ständige Beschleunigung unseres Lebens vorantreiben und solche, die sich trauen, Alternativen zur allgegenwärtigen Rastlosigkeit zu leben. Er befragt Zeitmanagement-Experten, Therapeuten und Wissenschaftler nach Ursachen und Auswirkungen der chronischen Zeitnot. Er trifft Unternehmensberater und Akteure im internationalen Finanzmarkt, die an der Zeitschraube drehen. Ihr Ziel: automatisierte Finanzgeschäfte in Millisekunden. Und er lernt Menschen kennen, die aus ihrem ganz privaten Hamsterrad ausgestiegen sind und solche, die nach gesellschaftlichen Alternativen suchen. Er entdeckt: ein anderes Tempo ist möglich, wir müssen es nur wollen.
2:45
circumamblation
morning at the National Memorial Choeten
Thimphu, Bhutan
http://learningtosee.tumblr.com/...
published: 16 Aug 2009
author: Robert van Koesveld
circumamblation
morning at the National Memorial Choeten
Thimphu, Bhutan
http://learningtosee.tumblr.com/
2:28
Kadinchey
My remix of sights and sounds recorded around Bhutan. 'Kadinchey' in Bhutanese means Thank...
published: 28 Dec 2011
author: Nick Bertke
Kadinchey
My remix of sights and sounds recorded around Bhutan. 'Kadinchey' in Bhutanese means Thank You, which indeed I say to everyone who helped to fund our trip!
Thank you so much for helping us get this project off the ground, everybody! We couldn't have done it without you, and I think it serves as marvellous proof that our world remix concept has tremendous potential.
0:32
Terra Sacra Time Lapses Trailer
My life as a filmmaker has been a journey which has blessed me with seeing some of the mos...
published: 28 Mar 2012
author: Sean F. White
Terra Sacra Time Lapses Trailer
My life as a filmmaker has been a journey which has blessed me with seeing some of the most surreal and timeless places on the planet. These images of our Sacred Earth set to music are my way of sharing some of the magic I've experienced along the way…
"Terra Sacra Time Lapses"
Six years in the making... seven continents... 24 countries.
COMING SPRING 2012
Photographed and Edited by Sean F. White
Original music by Roy Milner
http://www.TERRA-SACRA.com
Featuring shots for the television series
Art Wolfe’s Travels to the Edge
http://www.travelstotheedge.com
http://www.artwolfe.com
With shots from the television series
Ancient Megastructures and Battle Castle
http://www.parallaxfilm.com
http://www.battlecastle.tv
For updates and release information:
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/seanfwhite
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Sean-F-White-Photography-Films/291134517608278
--
"Terra Sacra" ~ Latin for Sacred Earth.
Terra Sacra Time Lapses is a short film featuring remote landscapes and ancient monuments from around the globe. These images were photographed during my assignments and personal travels between 2006-2012.
I've combined my favourite shots from these trips into non-narrative film that touches on a theme close to my heart: Sacred Earth.
The visuals are driven by an original score by composer Roy Milner (http://www.roymilner.com). The six-minute film is a journey through three distinct Acts: (I) Primordial Earth (II) Past meets Present and (III) Eternal Universe.
This film is a personal project to share the beauty and awe I witnessed at these locations. I hope viewers will be moved by the intangible power of our Terra Sacra.
THANKS TO:
Endless thanks to Art Wolfe for hiring me to as the cinematographer for the public television series Art Wolfe's Travels to the Edge and taking me to the ends of the Earth where most of the shots from Terra Sacra were made. Art, you are an inspiration and the most driven photographer I have ever known! I learned so much working on this show with our amazing crew and have stories to tell for a lifetime!
http://www.artwolfe.com
http://www.travelstotheedge.com
Never-ending thanks to friends and colleagues Ian Herring and Maija Leivo of Parallax Film Productions for permission to us shots I took for the television series Ancient Megastructures (National Geographic Channel / History Television) and Battle Castle (Discovery/History Television/ BBC). These assignments provided unprecedented access to some of the world's most iconic ancient landmarks
http://www.parallaxfilm.com
Infinite thanks to my amazing wife Deddeda for her love and constant encouragement to pursue this project.
COUNTRIES:
Bolivia
Chile
USA
Antarctica
Kenya
Madagascar
UK
Argentina
Brazil
Australia
Mali
Nepal
New Zealand
Japan
Bhutan
Peru
Mongolia
Iceland
Cambodia
Egypt
Jordan
Philippines
Syria
Poland
http://www.terra-sacra.com
Youtube results:
2:08
Taj Tashi Bhutan - Heart of the Thimphu Valley
Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces bring to you the gateway to a land steeped in mythology and...
published: 30 Jun 2008
author: TajMovies
Taj Tashi Bhutan - Heart of the Thimphu Valley
Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces bring to you the gateway to a land steeped in mythology and magic. Set in the heart of Thimphu Valley, Taj Tashi is a blend of traditional Bhutanese Dzong architecture and modern design. Adorned with classical hand-drawn Buddhist murals, its 66 elegant guestrooms afford guests striking highlights of the region's art and colour. Besides breathtaking views of the mountains that rise above the Thimphu valley. Continuing the journey into mystical Bhutan at the Taj Tashi, guests can sample Bhutan's fiery cuisine, gaze at the mesmerizing prayer wheels through its panoramic windows, make short but rewarding forays into the vibrant local markets, pleasantly while their time in one of the hotel's traditional themed café's and restaurants, or find yet more ways to relax with a special 'Bhutanese Hot Stone Bath' at the Taj Spa. Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces offer an experience of the mystique and beauty of Bhutan from a milieu of contemporary refinement and warm hospitality that is purely Taj.
- published: 30 Jun 2008
- views: 4652
- author: TajMovies
3:10
Thimphu Dzong (Part 2)
Showing you around the interiors of the Thimphu dzong....
published: 25 Jun 2011
author: Aviram Vijh
Thimphu Dzong (Part 2)
Showing you around the interiors of the Thimphu dzong.
- published: 25 Jun 2011
- views: 247
- author: Aviram Vijh
0:48
Thimphu, capital of Bhutan
Watch the Thimphu Chuu River pass through the capital of Bhutan! Thimpu is the capital cit...
published: 03 Nov 2011
author: WildFilmsIndia
Thimphu, capital of Bhutan
Watch the Thimphu Chuu River pass through the capital of Bhutan! Thimpu is the capital city of Bhutan. It is situated in the western central part of Bhutan and the name of the surrounding valley is dzongkhag, the Thimphu District. View from Hotel Riverview (Thimphu, Bhutan). According to Wikipedia: "Thimphu (Tibetan alphabet: ཐིམ་ཕུག་, Dzongkha: ཐིམ་ཕུ་) also spelt Thimpu, is the capital and largest city of Bhutan. It is situated in the western central part of Bhutan and the surrounding valley is one of Bhutan's dzongkhags, the Thimphu District. The city became the capital of Bhutan in 1961. As of 2005 it had a population of 79185, with 98676 people living in the entire Thimphu district. The city is spread out longitudinally in a north-south direction on the west bank of the valley formed by the Wang Chuu, also known as the Thimphu Chuu River. Thimphu is located at 27°28′00″N 89°38′30″E / 27.4666667°N 89.64167°E / 27.4666667; 89.64167Coordinates: 27°28′00″N 89°38′30″E / 27.4666667°N 89.64167°E / 27.4666667; 89.64167 and is spread over an altitudinal range between 2248 metres (7375 ft) and 2648 metres (8688 ft). Unusually for a capital city, Thimphu is not served by an airport, but relies on the airport at Paro, connected by road some 54 kilometres (34 mi) away. Thimphu, as the political and economic centre of Bhutan, has a dominant agricultural and livestock base, which contributes to 45% of the country's GNP.[8] Tourism, though a contributor to the ...
- published: 03 Nov 2011
- views: 3868
- author: WildFilmsIndia
4:28
Sindhu Malla - Tungna ra Damphu
The greatest Nepali song! I do not intend any copyright infringement....
published: 09 Feb 2007
author: kevint6543
Sindhu Malla - Tungna ra Damphu
The greatest Nepali song! I do not intend any copyright infringement.
- published: 09 Feb 2007
- views: 119946
- author: kevint6543
1:57
Damphu The musical instrument of Nepal
ur.jp Damphu and Tungna the musical instrument of Nepal. Damphu is a percussion instrument...
published: 27 Sep 2006
author: urjp
Damphu The musical instrument of Nepal
ur.jp Damphu and Tungna the musical instrument of Nepal. Damphu is a percussion instrument of the form similar to a big tambourine. The portion of cymbal is a wooden projection. It is a very rare musical instrument. There is sound like the ukulele of Hawaii also in "Tungna" by a very rare musical instrument.
- published: 27 Sep 2006
- views: 10096
- author: urjp
4:23
Tungna Ra Damphu
Bhutanese in South Australia...
published: 01 Jul 2010
author: JogenGazmere
Tungna Ra Damphu
Bhutanese in South Australia
- published: 01 Jul 2010
- views: 1093
- author: JogenGazmere
2:58
Nepali Dance Tunga ra Damphu
Tungna Ra Damphu Bajaudai Dance cover Don't forget to like our page: www.facebook.com...
published: 25 Mar 2011
author: AStaa4
Nepali Dance Tunga ra Damphu
Tungna Ra Damphu Bajaudai Dance cover Don't forget to like our page: www.facebook.com
- published: 25 Mar 2011
- views: 14749
- author: AStaa4
47:30
DAMPHU SAANJH-2012
Damphu Saanjh 2012 Organize By: Tamang Society of America Date: 3rd March 2012 Vanue: New ...
published: 04 Mar 2012
author: PRASHAN RAI
DAMPHU SAANJH-2012
Damphu Saanjh 2012 Organize By: Tamang Society of America Date: 3rd March 2012 Vanue: New York Video:www.presschautari.com
- published: 04 Mar 2012
- views: 3458
- author: PRASHAN RAI
4:25
Nepali Mix & Match Tungna Ra Damphu Dance
Nepali Mix & Match Tungna Ra Damphu Dance by www.moktandigital.com...
published: 01 Oct 2008
author: MoktanVideo
Nepali Mix & Match Tungna Ra Damphu Dance
Nepali Mix & Match Tungna Ra Damphu Dance by www.moktandigital.com
- published: 01 Oct 2008
- views: 11174
- author: MoktanVideo
3:57
Tungna ra Damphu
Tungna ra Damphu sang by Sindhu malla...
published: 06 Dec 2007
author: nishanstha
Tungna ra Damphu
Tungna ra Damphu sang by Sindhu malla
- published: 06 Dec 2007
- views: 7714
- author: nishanstha
4:45
❤ Nepali dance // tungna ra damphu ♫ uk dashain party
dashain party ma gurungni sis ko dance lol ^___^ (pratikacha d, me, susan d, shuslim d and...
published: 24 Jan 2010
author: arehups143
❤ Nepali dance // tungna ra damphu ♫ uk dashain party
dashain party ma gurungni sis ko dance lol ^___^ (pratikacha d, me, susan d, shuslim d and babita d) xx
- published: 24 Jan 2010
- views: 4779
- author: arehups143
4:31
Damphu Madal Sarangi - Nepali Movie Majhi Dai Song - Lok Pop Song
Nepali Movie Majhi Dai Song Damphu Madhal Sarangi Bajha Bhajudai, nepali movie lok pop son...
published: 29 May 2011
author: iSanSarMusic
Damphu Madal Sarangi - Nepali Movie Majhi Dai Song - Lok Pop Song
Nepali Movie Majhi Dai Song Damphu Madhal Sarangi Bajha Bhajudai, nepali movie lok pop song www.isansar.com present bhupandra biswa
- published: 29 May 2011
- views: 5126
- author: iSanSarMusic
5:00
Tungna ra damphu bajaundai
Tungna ra damphu bajaundai New year program 2066 Sydney...
published: 16 Apr 2009
author: Manjil Dahal
Tungna ra damphu bajaundai
Tungna ra damphu bajaundai New year program 2066 Sydney
- published: 16 Apr 2009
- views: 4736
- author: Manjil Dahal
4:21
Tugna ra damphu bajauda - dance by Trisha and Alishma
This dance was performed during Nepalese New Year Program 2067 in Brisbane, organised by N...
published: 14 May 2010
author: sharmakrx
Tugna ra damphu bajauda - dance by Trisha and Alishma
This dance was performed during Nepalese New Year Program 2067 in Brisbane, organised by Nepal Asia Friendship Association (NAFA). These two little girls have been regular performers for past few years in Nepalese cultural events in Brisbane.
- published: 14 May 2010
- views: 2212
- author: sharmakrx
Vimeo results:
2:05
SPEED - Auf der Suche nach der verlorenen Zeit TRAILER HD DEUTSCH
„Wir sparen ständig Zeit. Trotzdem haben wir am Ende immer weniger. Warum eigentlich?“
O...
published: 03 Jul 2012
author: Camino Filmverleih
SPEED - Auf der Suche nach der verlorenen Zeit TRAILER HD DEUTSCH
„Wir sparen ständig Zeit. Trotzdem haben wir am Ende immer weniger. Warum eigentlich?“
Obwohl wir ständig Zeit sparen, haben wir immer weniger zur Verfügung. Im Takt der elektronischen Kommunikationsmittel hetzen wir von einem Termin zum anderen. Für die wirklich wichtigen Dinge, für Freunde, Familie, sogar für die eigenen Kinder, bleibt kaum noch Zeit. Doch wer oder was treibt diese Beschleunigung eigentlich an? Ist es ein gesellschaftliches Phänomen, oder liegt es am Zeitmanagement des Einzelnen? Und: gibt es Alternativen?
In seinem Kinodokumentarfilm begibt sich der Filmemacher und Autor Florian Opitz auf die Suche nach der verlorenen Zeit. Er geht der Frage nach, wo all die Zeit geblieben ist, die wir mühsam mit neuesten Technologien und Effizienzmodellen glaubten, eingespart zu haben. Dabei trifft er auf Menschen, die die ständige Beschleunigung unseres Lebens vorantreiben und solche, die sich trauen, Alternativen zur allgegenwärtigen Rastlosigkeit zu leben. Er befragt Zeitmanagement-Experten, Therapeuten und Wissenschaftler nach Ursachen und Auswirkungen der chronischen Zeitnot. Er trifft Unternehmensberater und Akteure im internationalen Finanzmarkt, die an der Zeitschraube drehen. Ihr Ziel: automatisierte Finanzgeschäfte in Millisekunden. Und er lernt Menschen kennen, die aus ihrem ganz privaten Hamsterrad ausgestiegen sind und solche, die nach gesellschaftlichen Alternativen suchen. Er entdeckt: ein anderes Tempo ist möglich, wir müssen es nur wollen.
2:45
circumamblation
morning at the National Memorial Choeten
Thimphu, Bhutan
http://learningtosee.tumblr.com/...
published: 16 Aug 2009
author: Robert van Koesveld
circumamblation
morning at the National Memorial Choeten
Thimphu, Bhutan
http://learningtosee.tumblr.com/
2:28
Kadinchey
My remix of sights and sounds recorded around Bhutan. 'Kadinchey' in Bhutanese means Thank...
published: 28 Dec 2011
author: Nick Bertke
Kadinchey
My remix of sights and sounds recorded around Bhutan. 'Kadinchey' in Bhutanese means Thank You, which indeed I say to everyone who helped to fund our trip!
Thank you so much for helping us get this project off the ground, everybody! We couldn't have done it without you, and I think it serves as marvellous proof that our world remix concept has tremendous potential.
0:32
Terra Sacra Time Lapses Trailer
My life as a filmmaker has been a journey which has blessed me with seeing some of the mos...
published: 28 Mar 2012
author: Sean F. White
Terra Sacra Time Lapses Trailer
My life as a filmmaker has been a journey which has blessed me with seeing some of the most surreal and timeless places on the planet. These images of our Sacred Earth set to music are my way of sharing some of the magic I've experienced along the way…
"Terra Sacra Time Lapses"
Six years in the making... seven continents... 24 countries.
COMING SPRING 2012
Photographed and Edited by Sean F. White
Original music by Roy Milner
http://www.TERRA-SACRA.com
Featuring shots for the television series
Art Wolfe’s Travels to the Edge
http://www.travelstotheedge.com
http://www.artwolfe.com
With shots from the television series
Ancient Megastructures and Battle Castle
http://www.parallaxfilm.com
http://www.battlecastle.tv
For updates and release information:
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/seanfwhite
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Sean-F-White-Photography-Films/291134517608278
--
"Terra Sacra" ~ Latin for Sacred Earth.
Terra Sacra Time Lapses is a short film featuring remote landscapes and ancient monuments from around the globe. These images were photographed during my assignments and personal travels between 2006-2012.
I've combined my favourite shots from these trips into non-narrative film that touches on a theme close to my heart: Sacred Earth.
The visuals are driven by an original score by composer Roy Milner (http://www.roymilner.com). The six-minute film is a journey through three distinct Acts: (I) Primordial Earth (II) Past meets Present and (III) Eternal Universe.
This film is a personal project to share the beauty and awe I witnessed at these locations. I hope viewers will be moved by the intangible power of our Terra Sacra.
THANKS TO:
Endless thanks to Art Wolfe for hiring me to as the cinematographer for the public television series Art Wolfe's Travels to the Edge and taking me to the ends of the Earth where most of the shots from Terra Sacra were made. Art, you are an inspiration and the most driven photographer I have ever known! I learned so much working on this show with our amazing crew and have stories to tell for a lifetime!
http://www.artwolfe.com
http://www.travelstotheedge.com
Never-ending thanks to friends and colleagues Ian Herring and Maija Leivo of Parallax Film Productions for permission to us shots I took for the television series Ancient Megastructures (National Geographic Channel / History Television) and Battle Castle (Discovery/History Television/ BBC). These assignments provided unprecedented access to some of the world's most iconic ancient landmarks
http://www.parallaxfilm.com
Infinite thanks to my amazing wife Deddeda for her love and constant encouragement to pursue this project.
COUNTRIES:
Bolivia
Chile
USA
Antarctica
Kenya
Madagascar
UK
Argentina
Brazil
Australia
Mali
Nepal
New Zealand
Japan
Bhutan
Peru
Mongolia
Iceland
Cambodia
Egypt
Jordan
Philippines
Syria
Poland
http://www.terra-sacra.com
Youtube results:
4:13
Nepali Dance: Tungna ra Damphu Bajaudai by Sharmili Lama
The traditional Nepali dance Tungna ra Damphu Bajaudai performed by Sharmili Lama during H...
published: 22 Jul 2011
author: himalfootsteps
Nepali Dance: Tungna ra Damphu Bajaudai by Sharmili Lama
The traditional Nepali dance Tungna ra Damphu Bajaudai performed by Sharmili Lama during Himalayan Footsteps' Cultural Festival, July 2011
- published: 22 Jul 2011
- views: 1419
- author: himalfootsteps
0:31
Yogita Moktan's Promo Video "Damphu"
Yogita Moktan's Promo Video "Damphu Bajau Tamba Dai", Avaiable in Market Promoted by Taman...
published: 06 Aug 2009
author: usertamang
Yogita Moktan's Promo Video "Damphu"
Yogita Moktan's Promo Video "Damphu Bajau Tamba Dai", Avaiable in Market Promoted by Tamang Media & Marketing Pvt. Ltd.
- published: 06 Aug 2009
- views: 21274
- author: usertamang
4:34
Tungna ra damphu bajaundai
Bhutanese dance in "Dashain Celebration and Cultural Programme-2010" organosed by Associat...
published: 24 Oct 2010
author: gautamrames
Tungna ra damphu bajaundai
Bhutanese dance in "Dashain Celebration and Cultural Programme-2010" organosed by Association of Bhutanese in Norway, Rogaland. Artists: Hari Maya Chhetri Sabitra Puri Chandra Chhetri Special Credits: Netra & Chandra
- published: 24 Oct 2010
- views: 1690
- author: gautamrames
4:37
Nepal Festival 2008 Melbourne : Tuna ra Damphu Bajaudai
Nepal Festival 2008 Melbourne was organised by NRN Australia. The Festival was held at Fed...
published: 07 Jan 2012
author: solangture
Nepal Festival 2008 Melbourne : Tuna ra Damphu Bajaudai
Nepal Festival 2008 Melbourne was organised by NRN Australia. The Festival was held at Federation Square, in the heart of Melbourne and was attended by thousands of people.
- published: 07 Jan 2012
- views: 624
- author: solangture
3:13
FlyyGuy Jakar - Hit A Stain Ft. Eazy Tarentino (Prod. Vitamin E)
Shot/Filmed: FlameGang Films Directed By: @BasedBoyChriszy Prod. By Vitamin E FlyyGuy Jaka...
published: 03 Aug 2012
author: BWMusicProductions
FlyyGuy Jakar - Hit A Stain Ft. Eazy Tarentino (Prod. Vitamin E)
Shot/Filmed: FlameGang Films Directed By: @BasedBoyChriszy Prod. By Vitamin E FlyyGuy Jakar - Hit A Stain Feat. Eazy Tarentino ( Official Music Video )
- published: 03 Aug 2012
- views: 11474
- author: BWMusicProductions
1:35
Bulldozer - JAKAR
THE BULLDOZER machine is a amusement device designed for playing in amusement parks, festi...
published: 21 Sep 2010
author: JakarPL
Bulldozer - JAKAR
THE BULLDOZER machine is a amusement device designed for playing in amusement parks, festivities, cinemas, clubs, bars, etc. The machine is designed and made from state of the art materials and parts available on the market. Components of the device are compliant with the safety standards.
- published: 21 Sep 2010
- views: 43845
- author: JakarPL
1:32
Jakar Boxer by Birmingham Vending
This is a promotional Video about a boxing game offered by Birmingham Vending at www.Birmi...
published: 02 Jul 2008
author: BirminghamVending
Jakar Boxer by Birmingham Vending
This is a promotional Video about a boxing game offered by Birmingham Vending at www.BirminghamVending.com. Jakar "The Boxer" The Boxer is a strength testing machine where the player needs to punch the boxing bag so the machine, through sensors, can read the strength used for the punch. Players must meet or exceed the number of punches the machine sets per game. The machine can also be set to measure the speed of the punch instead of the power of the punch.
- published: 02 Jul 2008
- views: 9357
- author: BirminghamVending
1:43
ILLUMINATI - BIG SMO, CEERO, KLASH, JAKAR & STELLAMAN (MOLOTOV MUSIC) - STREET VIDEO
Big Smo :www.facebook.com Ceero :www.facebook.com Klash :www.facebook.com Jakar:www.facebo...
published: 23 Jul 2012
author: BigSmoOfficial
ILLUMINATI - BIG SMO, CEERO, KLASH, JAKAR & STELLAMAN (MOLOTOV MUSIC) - STREET VIDEO
Big Smo :www.facebook.com Ceero :www.facebook.com Klash :www.facebook.com Jakar:www.facebook.com Stellaman :www.facebook.com MOLOTOV MUSIC FACEBOOK PAGE : www.facebook.com BIG SMO (BEAT BOX, ITA BEATBOXER'S) CEERO: Stappo un'altra beck's, ne bevo un milione nella testa c'ho il west come Sergio Leone Big, Molotov, bomba atomica rap stupefacente, ci ascolti e c'hai la chimica teen no milf, at che t.mills molotov, bitch è il nome della click nessuno ti caga, c'hai la faccia da pus nessuno ti paga comeil biglietto del bus KLASH : Molotov Music, work in progress facciamo più bordello dei rockers voglio almeno tre tipe perchè non ho testa tu ne hai solo una ed è pure cessa più illuminati degli illuministi mille voci nella testa c'ho i coristi quando rappo il palco vibra, bitch ti riempio di insulti come ibraimovich JAKAR: Studio questa roba, tu il fu Mattia Pascal questo è Molotov, mica i Matia Bazar sfonderò e faròla fine di Kennedy il rap è morto? ho fumato le sue ceneri siamo nel gioco senza l'occhio del GF le facce bianche come zio Fester fenomeni paranormali quando premi rec tu hai visto più cazzi di chatroulette STELLAMAN: MM è nu' squadron' come il Foggia di Zeman il mio rap è pregiato, la crema della crema remiamo controvento, contromano, contro tutti il tuo stile è controsenso come il bianco nei lutti tutti ne parlano, sul beat piovono scariche illuminati, stiamo in cima alla piramide pirati dei Caraibi, come Johnny Depp stiamo all'arrembaggio in questo gioco del rap
- published: 23 Jul 2012
- views: 7972
- author: BigSmoOfficial
2:16
FlyyGuy Jakar 3Hunna Freestyle
...
published: 18 Feb 2012
author: FlyyGuyrio
FlyyGuy Jakar 3Hunna Freestyle
- published: 18 Feb 2012
- views: 2279
- author: FlyyGuyrio
58:30
Mathura Mein Jakar Tum Murli Vinod Agarwal [Full Song] Shyam Tum Bhool Gaye
Subscribe Our Channel For More Updates: www.youtube.com Krishna Bhajan: Mathura Mein Jakar...
published: 08 May 2011
author: tseriesbhakti
Mathura Mein Jakar Tum Murli Vinod Agarwal [Full Song] Shyam Tum Bhool Gaye
Subscribe Our Channel For More Updates: www.youtube.com Krishna Bhajan: Mathura Mein Jakar Tum Murli Bajana Bhool Gaye Album Name: Shyam Tum Bhool Gaye Singer: Vinod Agarwal Music Director: Dinesh Sharma Music Label: T-Series Subscribe: www.youtube.com Bhakti Sagar: www.facebook.com For Spiritual Voice Alerts, Airtel subscribers Dial 589991 (toll free) To set popular Bhakti Dhun as your HelloTune, Airtel subscribers Dial 57878881 ------- ''Mathura Mein Jakar Manmohan'' ''Mathura Mein Jaakar'' ''Shyam Tum Bhul Gaye'' ''Mathura mein jaker'' ''Vinod Agarwal Krishna Bhajan'' ''Vinod Aggarwal Krishna bhajan'' ''Krishna Bhajan by Vinod Agarwal'' ''gopal'' ''shrikrishna'' ''Janmashtami'' ''Shrikrishna'' ''Janmastmi''''radhey govin gopal radhey'' ''radhe gobind gopal'' ''Krishna Bhajans vinod agarwal'' ''vind aggarwal'' ''krishan bhajans'' ''makhan chor'' ''Khatu Shyan Bhajans'' 'Khaatu shyam'' ''Alka Goyal'' ''radhe radhe krishan'' krishana'' ''shree radhe krishna'' ''shri radhe krishna '' ''jai radha raman hari'' ''Baanke Bihari'' ''Main Girdhar Mera'' ''Sanwra Jadugar'' ''Sanwra Mera Sanwra'' ''Ek Shaam Banke Bihari Ke Naam'' ''Sanwara Mere Sanwara'' ''Gopal'' ''Kanhaiyya'' ''Sri Krishan'' ''Krishna'' ''janmastami songs'' ''Shri Krishan Janamashtami'' ''Nand laal'' ''nandlal'' ''hari'' ''shri hari'' ''vishnu'' ''Krishna Janm songs'' ''Krishan Janam'' ''Sanwara'' ''Sanwara'' ''kanhaiya'' ''Kanhaiyya'' ''Gopal'' ''hare krishna hare rama'' ''shri krishna govind hare murari ...
- published: 08 May 2011
- views: 50546
- author: tseriesbhakti
3:09
Mamacita Feat. FlyyGuy Jakar " Do My Thang "(RUSSIAN ROULETTE) remake | Official Music Video
Shot/Filmed By : FlameGang Films Directed By: @BasedBoyChriszy Mamacita Feat. FlyyGuy Jaka...
published: 03 Nov 2012
author: BWMusicProductions
Mamacita Feat. FlyyGuy Jakar " Do My Thang "(RUSSIAN ROULETTE) remake | Official Music Video
Shot/Filmed By : FlameGang Films Directed By: @BasedBoyChriszy Mamacita Feat. FlyyGuy Jakar " Do My Thang " | Official Music Video Prod. By Lex Luger RUSSIAN ROULETTE REMAKE
- published: 03 Nov 2012
- views: 1270
- author: BWMusicProductions
6:01
Mushtaq Qadri Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Tu Salaam Mera Ro Ro Ke Kehna ♥¸.•*SUBOHY*•.¸♥
Zaire Taiba Roze Pe Mushtaq Qadri Beautiful salam Original Salam Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jaka...
published: 03 Mar 2011
author: Subohy14
Mushtaq Qadri Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Tu Salaam Mera Ro Ro Ke Kehna ♥¸.•*SUBOHY*•.¸♥
Zaire Taiba Roze Pe Mushtaq Qadri Beautiful salam Original Salam Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna Origina salam Mushtaq Qadri Present By Subohy14
- published: 03 Mar 2011
- views: 12684
- author: Subohy14
4:48
FlyyGuy Jakar - Hands Down Remix (3Hunna Freestyle) [Directed By @RadicalRebels]
FlyyGuy Jakar - Hands Down Remix (3Hunna Freestyle) [Directed By @RadicalRebels]...
published: 03 May 2012
author: RadicalRebels
FlyyGuy Jakar - Hands Down Remix (3Hunna Freestyle) [Directed By @RadicalRebels]
FlyyGuy Jakar - Hands Down Remix (3Hunna Freestyle) [Directed By @RadicalRebels]
- published: 03 May 2012
- views: 4975
- author: RadicalRebels
3:09
People of Jakar and Kurjey , Bhutan
People of Jakar and Kurjey attend the Kurjey Tsechu in Bumthang, Bhutan's central green pa...
published: 29 Jul 2010
author: WildFilmsIndia
People of Jakar and Kurjey , Bhutan
People of Jakar and Kurjey attend the Kurjey Tsechu in Bumthang, Bhutan's central green pasturage valley, to pay obeisance to Guru Rimpoche / Rinpoche, who brought Buddhism to Bhutan. On his birthday, the thankha / thanka / thangka / thangkha / thongdrel is unfurled at the Kurjey Tsechu or festival. A monk counts the Buddhist rosary while holy water is distributed. On a drum beat, the huge wall painting is lowered, drum beat by drum beat, for the people to see it. Bhutan is a Buddhist state where power is shared by the king and government. The country's name in the local dialect means Land of the Dragon. In Bhutan, thunder is believed to be the voices of dragons roaring. The two colors of the flag, divided diagonally, represent spiritual and temporal power within Bhutan. The orange part of the flag represents the Drukpas monasteries and Buddhist religious practice, while the saffron yellow field denotes the secular authority of the dynasty Early records suggest scattered clusters of inhabitants had already settled in Bhutan when the first recorded settlers arrived 1400 years ago. Bhutan's indigenous population is the Drukpa. Three main ethnic groups, the Sharchops, Ngalops and the Lhotsampas (of Nepalese origin), make up today's Drukpa population. Bhutan's earliest residents, the Sharchops reside predominantly in eastern Bhutan. Their origin can be traced to the tribes of northern Burma and northeast India. The Ngalops migrated from the Tibetan plains and are the ...
- published: 29 Jul 2010
- views: 854
- author: WildFilmsIndia
3:02
Jakar - NUMERO UNO
DELIRIO SOUND e MOLOTOV MUSIC presentano: Jakar - NUMERO UNO...
published: 04 May 2012
author: DelirioSound
Jakar - NUMERO UNO
DELIRIO SOUND e MOLOTOV MUSIC presentano: Jakar - NUMERO UNO
- published: 04 May 2012
- views: 429
- author: DelirioSound
6:17
Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna by Arif Attari - Madani Channel Dawateislami
Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna by Haji Arif Attari Download complet...
published: 17 Jul 2010
author: faizaneraza2526
Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna by Arif Attari - Madani Channel Dawateislami
Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna by Haji Arif Attari Download complete program www.videos.Faizaneraza.org Largest Islamic Portal http
- published: 17 Jul 2010
- views: 16732
- author: faizaneraza2526
8:29
Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna by Haji Airf Attari
Dawateislami Weekly Ijtima at FaizaneMadina Karachi 21st October 2010 Live on Madanichanne...
published: 22 Oct 2010
author: faizaneraza2526
Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna by Haji Airf Attari
Dawateislami Weekly Ijtima at FaizaneMadina Karachi 21st October 2010 Live on Madanichannel After Namaz e Magrib Download complete program www.videos.Faizaneraza.org Largest Islamic Portal http
- published: 22 Oct 2010
- views: 1174
- author: faizaneraza2526
Vimeo results:
2:05
SPEED - Auf der Suche nach der verlorenen Zeit TRAILER HD DEUTSCH
„Wir sparen ständig Zeit. Trotzdem haben wir am Ende immer weniger. Warum eigentlich?“
O...
published: 03 Jul 2012
author: Camino Filmverleih
SPEED - Auf der Suche nach der verlorenen Zeit TRAILER HD DEUTSCH
„Wir sparen ständig Zeit. Trotzdem haben wir am Ende immer weniger. Warum eigentlich?“
Obwohl wir ständig Zeit sparen, haben wir immer weniger zur Verfügung. Im Takt der elektronischen Kommunikationsmittel hetzen wir von einem Termin zum anderen. Für die wirklich wichtigen Dinge, für Freunde, Familie, sogar für die eigenen Kinder, bleibt kaum noch Zeit. Doch wer oder was treibt diese Beschleunigung eigentlich an? Ist es ein gesellschaftliches Phänomen, oder liegt es am Zeitmanagement des Einzelnen? Und: gibt es Alternativen?
In seinem Kinodokumentarfilm begibt sich der Filmemacher und Autor Florian Opitz auf die Suche nach der verlorenen Zeit. Er geht der Frage nach, wo all die Zeit geblieben ist, die wir mühsam mit neuesten Technologien und Effizienzmodellen glaubten, eingespart zu haben. Dabei trifft er auf Menschen, die die ständige Beschleunigung unseres Lebens vorantreiben und solche, die sich trauen, Alternativen zur allgegenwärtigen Rastlosigkeit zu leben. Er befragt Zeitmanagement-Experten, Therapeuten und Wissenschaftler nach Ursachen und Auswirkungen der chronischen Zeitnot. Er trifft Unternehmensberater und Akteure im internationalen Finanzmarkt, die an der Zeitschraube drehen. Ihr Ziel: automatisierte Finanzgeschäfte in Millisekunden. Und er lernt Menschen kennen, die aus ihrem ganz privaten Hamsterrad ausgestiegen sind und solche, die nach gesellschaftlichen Alternativen suchen. Er entdeckt: ein anderes Tempo ist möglich, wir müssen es nur wollen.
2:45
circumamblation
morning at the National Memorial Choeten
Thimphu, Bhutan
http://learningtosee.tumblr.com/...
published: 16 Aug 2009
author: Robert van Koesveld
circumamblation
morning at the National Memorial Choeten
Thimphu, Bhutan
http://learningtosee.tumblr.com/
2:28
Kadinchey
My remix of sights and sounds recorded around Bhutan. 'Kadinchey' in Bhutanese means Thank...
published: 28 Dec 2011
author: Nick Bertke
Kadinchey
My remix of sights and sounds recorded around Bhutan. 'Kadinchey' in Bhutanese means Thank You, which indeed I say to everyone who helped to fund our trip!
Thank you so much for helping us get this project off the ground, everybody! We couldn't have done it without you, and I think it serves as marvellous proof that our world remix concept has tremendous potential.
0:32
Terra Sacra Time Lapses Trailer
My life as a filmmaker has been a journey which has blessed me with seeing some of the mos...
published: 28 Mar 2012
author: Sean F. White
Terra Sacra Time Lapses Trailer
My life as a filmmaker has been a journey which has blessed me with seeing some of the most surreal and timeless places on the planet. These images of our Sacred Earth set to music are my way of sharing some of the magic I've experienced along the way…
"Terra Sacra Time Lapses"
Six years in the making... seven continents... 24 countries.
COMING SPRING 2012
Photographed and Edited by Sean F. White
Original music by Roy Milner
http://www.TERRA-SACRA.com
Featuring shots for the television series
Art Wolfe’s Travels to the Edge
http://www.travelstotheedge.com
http://www.artwolfe.com
With shots from the television series
Ancient Megastructures and Battle Castle
http://www.parallaxfilm.com
http://www.battlecastle.tv
For updates and release information:
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/seanfwhite
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Sean-F-White-Photography-Films/291134517608278
--
"Terra Sacra" ~ Latin for Sacred Earth.
Terra Sacra Time Lapses is a short film featuring remote landscapes and ancient monuments from around the globe. These images were photographed during my assignments and personal travels between 2006-2012.
I've combined my favourite shots from these trips into non-narrative film that touches on a theme close to my heart: Sacred Earth.
The visuals are driven by an original score by composer Roy Milner (http://www.roymilner.com). The six-minute film is a journey through three distinct Acts: (I) Primordial Earth (II) Past meets Present and (III) Eternal Universe.
This film is a personal project to share the beauty and awe I witnessed at these locations. I hope viewers will be moved by the intangible power of our Terra Sacra.
THANKS TO:
Endless thanks to Art Wolfe for hiring me to as the cinematographer for the public television series Art Wolfe's Travels to the Edge and taking me to the ends of the Earth where most of the shots from Terra Sacra were made. Art, you are an inspiration and the most driven photographer I have ever known! I learned so much working on this show with our amazing crew and have stories to tell for a lifetime!
http://www.artwolfe.com
http://www.travelstotheedge.com
Never-ending thanks to friends and colleagues Ian Herring and Maija Leivo of Parallax Film Productions for permission to us shots I took for the television series Ancient Megastructures (National Geographic Channel / History Television) and Battle Castle (Discovery/History Television/ BBC). These assignments provided unprecedented access to some of the world's most iconic ancient landmarks
http://www.parallaxfilm.com
Infinite thanks to my amazing wife Deddeda for her love and constant encouragement to pursue this project.
COUNTRIES:
Bolivia
Chile
USA
Antarctica
Kenya
Madagascar
UK
Argentina
Brazil
Australia
Mali
Nepal
New Zealand
Japan
Bhutan
Peru
Mongolia
Iceland
Cambodia
Egypt
Jordan
Philippines
Syria
Poland
http://www.terra-sacra.com
Youtube results:
6:17
Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna by Haji Arif Attari
Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna by Haji Arif Attari...
published: 18 Jul 2010
author: Nabikeghulam
Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna by Haji Arif Attari
Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna by Haji Arif Attari
- published: 18 Jul 2010
- views: 5603
- author: Nabikeghulam
4:44
FlyyGuy Jakar - " All I Know " | Official Music Video ( Prod. By Noah Yisra'el )
Shot/Filmed By: FlameGang Films Directed By: @BasedBoyChriszy FlyyGuy Jakar - " All I Know...
published: 30 Sep 2012
author: BWMusicProductions
FlyyGuy Jakar - " All I Know " | Official Music Video ( Prod. By Noah Yisra'el )
Shot/Filmed By: FlameGang Films Directed By: @BasedBoyChriszy FlyyGuy Jakar - " All I Know " | Official Music Video ( Prod. By Noah Yisra'el )
- published: 30 Sep 2012
- views: 2438
- author: BWMusicProductions
2:52
FLYYGUY JAKAR - FRENCH MONTANA POP THAT Freestyle (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
Shot/Filmed By: FlameGang Films Directed By: @BasedBoyChriszy FlyyGuy Jakar - French Monta...
published: 14 Sep 2012
author: BWMusicProductions
FLYYGUY JAKAR - FRENCH MONTANA POP THAT Freestyle (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
Shot/Filmed By: FlameGang Films Directed By: @BasedBoyChriszy FlyyGuy Jakar - French Montana " Pop That " ( Freestyle ) | Official Music Video
- published: 14 Sep 2012
- views: 1855
- author: BWMusicProductions
12:36
Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna - Mehfil e Madina
Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna - Mehfil e Madina...
published: 26 Oct 2010
author: faizaneraza2526
Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna - Mehfil e Madina
Zair E Taiba Roze Pe Jakar Too Salam Mera Ro Ro Kehna - Mehfil e Madina
- published: 26 Oct 2010
- views: 1705
- author: faizaneraza2526
photo: AP / Lefteris Pitarakis
30 Nov 2012
- For historians, it represents a treasure trove of boundless rewards and an opportunity to revisit some of the most enduring myths about Britain's colonial past. But for some of those still living with the physical and psychological scars, the release of thousands of previously secret government-held documents offers fresh hope of finally gaining a measure of justice for their suffering under British rule ... 1096 Source.. Al Jazeera ... ;">....(size: 22.4Kb)
photo: UN / Eric Kanalstein
29 Nov 2012
Just before she leapt from her roof into the streets of Kabul, Farima thought of the wedding that would never happen and the man she would never marry. Her fiance would be pleased to see her die, she later recalled thinking. It would offer relief to them both. Farima, 17, had resisted her engagement to Zabiullah since it was ordained by her grandfather when she was 9 ... He ran outside. His daughter's torso was contorted ... Her skin was pallid....(size: 12.8Kb)
photo: US NARA
30 Nov 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. Staring at the quote on the small granite monument which read. "They said to one another, behold here comes the dreamer...Let us slay him...And we shall see what will become of his dreams," I tried to understand that fateful moment when a shot shattered heaven and earth ... Martin Luther King, Jr. Straining my ears, I tried to hear Rev. Abernathy cry out, "Oh my God, Martin's been shot!" ... Dr....(size: 6.5Kb)
photo: UN
30 Nov 2012
UNITED NATIONS -- The UN voted overwhelmingly Thursday to recognize a Palestinian state, a long-sought victory for the Palestinians and an embarrassing diplomatic defeat for the United States. The resolution upgrading the Palestinians' status to a nonmember observer state at the UN was approved in the 193-member world body by a vote of 138-9, with 41 abstentions ... The Palestinians still face enormous limitations ... U.S ... 0. Click to rate ... St ... ....(size: 9.3Kb)
photo: UN / David Manyua
01 Dec 2012
The conflict in Syria has now reached "new and appalling heights of brutality and violence", according to the UN secretary-general, while the world body's envoy to Syria has said the country is in danger of becoming "a failed state" ... The fighting has killed about 40,000 people, making it the bloodiest of Arab uprisings that have ousted entrenched leaders in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Yemen since early last year ... 957 Source.. Agencies ... ....(size: 21.8Kb)
The Guardian
01 Dec 2012
Photographer Jean-Baptiste Lopez travelled to the remote and isolated kingdom of Bhutan in pursuit of happiness, a ......(size: 0.6Kb)
The Times of India
30 Nov 2012
Xinhua
29 Nov 2012
dollars for a project to help goods move more smoothly in and out of Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Nepal, by overhauling time-consuming, costly, and often opaque customs procedures that are inhibiting intraregional trade, according to a statement Thursday ... SASEC was set up in 2001 as an initiative of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal ......(size: 1.7Kb)
The Times of India
28 Nov 2012
A long strip of asphalt beckoned below in a welcoming carpet at the quaint Paro airport, the gateway to the mystical kingdom of Bhutan ... Bhutan is a deeply spiritual nation of nearly 700,000 people whose history stretches back to the origins of Buddhism and who have developed a unique identity, derived largely from a religious and cultural heritage, designed for a harmonious evolution of man with nature....(size: 4.1Kb)
The Times of India
24 Nov 2012
The Tawang district unit of Gaon Bura (GB) Association has sought the permission of the king of Bhutan to construct the Lumla-Tashigang Road, which is supposed to pass through the country and reduce the distance between Tawang and Guwahati by about 200 km and travel time by almost 6 hours ... trade between the people of Bhutan and Tawang district....(size: 1.7Kb)
The Himalayan
24 Nov 2012
In an apparent snub, Bhutan has not responded to a long overdue proposal of Nepal to open its mission in Thimphu ... By forwarding a formal letter to Thinley, prime minister Nepal also assured that Nepal would be happy if Bhutan reciprocates by opening its mission in Kathmandu ... speaking people of Bhutan were forced to leave their motherland for Nepal seeking refuge ... The Embassy of Nepal in New Delhi concurrently looks Bhutan as well....(size: 5.0Kb)
DNA India
23 Nov 2012
A gaon bura (village head) association of Arunachal Pradesh's Tawang district has sought permission of the King of Bhutan to rebuild Lumla-Tashigang road on that country's side to make road travel to Guwahati easier ... Lama in a memorandum pleaded with the Bhutan King for permission to rebuild the 10km road....(size: 1.5Kb)
Newstrack India
22 Nov 2012
The Tawang unit of the powerful Arunachal Pradesh Gaon Bura Association has urged the King of Bhutan to give permission to build the Bhutan portion of the Lumla-Tashigang Road ... The road is not fair-weather because of Sela pass located at an altitude of 13,700 feet while the 400 km Tawang-Lumla-Tashigang would be a laissez-faire road and help reopen the age-old traditional border trade between the people of Bhutan and Tawang district....(size: 3.8Kb)
Asia Times
19 Nov 2012
For the first time in the history, Bhutan is asserting its right to have formal ties with China, its northern neighbor and India's arch-rival ... China has long pressed Bhutan to have diplomatic relations and give access to a disputed patch of land bordering India in northwest Bhutan ... Walking Between the Giants," published in Journal of Bhutan Studies in 2004 ... However, Thinley is more concerned about Bhutan's interests....(size: 14.3Kb)
Assam Times
18 Nov 2012
Man -elephant conflict has taken a serious turn in Udalguri district with the recent killing of four young persons at a time by wild elephants at Nonaokhuti village near Khalingduar Reserve Forest ... The incidence has created sensation in the district. Forest officials rushed to the spot ... [ ....(size: 1.4Kb)
The Telegraph India
15 Nov 2012
noodls
13 Nov 2012
LYON, France - Chief of the Royal Bhutan Police, Brigadier Kipchu Namgyel, underlined his country's commitment to transnational police cooperation by presenting the Government of Bhutan's offer to host an international conference on the protection of cultural property, during his visit to the INTERPOL General Secretariat headquarters today....(size: 4.0Kb)
DNA India
08 Nov 2012
Those planning to travel to Bhutan from Mumbai will have to wait a bit longer before their planmaterialises ... Although it is possible to fly to Bhutan via Kolkata, Delhi, Bagdogra and other airports in east India, there have been no flights from Mumbai despite a high demand for them....(size: 1.6Kb)
Coordinates: 27°25′01″N 90°26′06″E / 27.417°N 90.435°E / 27.417; 90.435
| Kingdom of Bhutan | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||
| Anthem: Druk Tsendhen The Thunder Dragon Kingdom |
||||||
.svg) |
||||||
| Capital | Thimphu 27°28.0′N 89°38.5′E / 27.467°N 89.6417°E / 27.467; 89.6417 |
|||||
| Official language(s) | Dzongkha | |||||
| Demonym | Bhutanese | |||||
| Government | Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy | |||||
| - | King | Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck | ||||
| - | Prime Minister | Jigme Y. Thinley | ||||
| Legislature | Parliament | |||||
| - | Upper house | National Council | ||||
| - | Lower house | National Assembly | ||||
| Formation | Early 17th century | |||||
| - | Wangchuk Dynasty | 17 December 1907 | ||||
| - | Constitutional Monarchy | 2007 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 38,394 km2 [1][2](135th) 14,824 sq mi |
||||
| - | Water (%) | 1.1 | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 2011 estimate | 708,427[3] (165th) | ||||
| - | 2005 census | 634,982[4] | ||||
| - | Density | 18.0/km2 (154th) 46.6/sq mi |
||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2011 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $4.287 billion[5] | ||||
| - | Per capita | $6,112[5] | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2011 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $1.488 billion[5] | ||||
| - | Per capita | $2,121[5] | ||||
| HDI (2007) |  0.619[6] (medium) (132nd) |
|||||
| Currency | Ngultrum2 (BTN) |
|||||
| Time zone | BTT (UTC+6) | |||||
| - | Summer (DST) | Not observed (UTC+6) | ||||
| Drives on the | Left | |||||
| ISO 3166 code | BT | |||||
| Internet TLD | .bt | |||||
| Calling code | 975 | |||||
| 1 | The population of Bhutan had been estimated based on the reported figure of about 1 million in the 1970s when the country had joined the United Nations and precise statistics were lacking.[7] Thus using the annual increase rate of 2–3%, the most population estimates were around 2 million in the year 2000. A national census was carried out in 2005 and it turned out that the population was 672,425. Consequently, United Nations Population Division had down-estimated the country's population in the 2006 revision[8] for the whole period from 1950 to 2050. | |||||
| 2 | The Indian rupee is also legal tender. | |||||
Bhutan (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་ཡུལ་, tr ʼbrug-yul, "Druk Yul"; Devanagari भूटान, Bhūṭān), officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked state in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalayas and bordered to the south, east and west by the Republic of India and to the north by the People's Republic of China. Bhutan is separated from the nearby country of Nepal to the west by the Indian state of Sikkim, and from Bangladesh to the south by the Indian states of Assam and West Bengal.
Bhutan existed as a patchwork of minor warring fiefdoms until the early 17th century, when the area was unified by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, who fled religious persecution in Tibet and cultivated a separate Bhutanese identity. In the early 20th century, Bhutan came into contact with the British Empire, after which Bhutan continued strong bilateral relations with India upon its independence. In 2006, Business Week rated Bhutan the happiest country in Asia and the eighth-happiest in the world, based on a global survey.[9]
Bhutan’s landscape ranges from subtropical plains in the south to the sub-alpine Himalayan heights in the north, with some peaks exceeding 7,000 metres (23,000 ft). The state religion is Vajrayana Buddhism, and the population of 691,141 is predominantly Buddhist, with Hinduism the second-largest religion.[10] The capital and largest city is Thimphu. In 2007, Bhutan made the transition from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy, holding its first general election. Bhutan is a member of the United Nations and the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC); it hosted the sixteenth SAARC summit in April 2010. The total area of the country has been reported as 38,394 square kilometres (14,824 sq mi) since 2002.[1][2] The area had previously been reported as approximately 46,500 km2 (18,000 sq mi) in 1997.[11]
Etymology[link]
Names similar to Bhutan — including Bottanthis, Bottan, Bottanter — began to appear in Europe around the 1580s. Jean-Baptiste Tavernier's 1676 Six Voyages is the first to record the name Boutan. However, in every case, these seem to have been describing not modern Bhutan but the Kingdom of Tibet. The modern distinction between the two did not begin until well into Bogle's 1774 expedition — realizing the differences between the two regions, cultures, and states, his final report to the East India Company formally proposed labeling the Druk Desi's kingdom as "Boutan" and the Panchen Lama's as "Tibet". The EIC's surveyor general James Rennell first anglicized the French name as Bootan and then popularized the distinction between it and greater Tibet.[12]
1777
1786
Two of Rennell's EIC maps, showing the division of "Thibet or Bootan" into separate regions.
The precise etymology of Bhutan is unknown, although it quite probably derives from the Tibetan endonym Bod, used for Greater Tibet. It is traditionally taken to be a transcription of the Sanskrit Bhoṭa-anta (भोट-अन्त, "end of Tibet"), in reference to Bhutan's position as the southern extremity of the Tibetan plateau and culture.[13][14]
Locally, Bhutan has been known by many names. The earliest western records of Bhutan, the 1627 Relacao of the Portuguese Jesuits Estêvão Cacella and João Cabral, records its name variously as Cambirasi (among the Koch Biharis[15]), Potente, and Mon (an endonym for southern Tibet).[12] The first time a separate Kingdom of Bhutan did appear on a western map, it did so under its local name as "Broukpa".[12] Others including Lho Mon ("Dark Southland"), Lho Tsendenjong ("Southland of the Cypress"), Lhomen Khazhi ("Southland of the Four Approaches") and Lho Men Jong ("Southland of the Herbs).[16][17]
History[link]
Main articles: History of Bhutan and Timeline of Bhutanese history
Stone tools, weapons, elephants, and remnants of large stone structures provide evidence that Bhutan was inhabited as early as 2000 BC, although there are no existing records from that time. Historians have theorized that the state of Lhomon (literally, "southern darkness"), or Monyul ("Dark Land", a reference to the Monpa, the aboriginal peoples of Bhutan) may have existed between 500 BC and AD 600. The names Lhomon Tsendenjong (Sandalwood Country), and Lhomon Khashi, or Southern Mon (country of four approaches), have been found in ancient Bhutanese and Tibetan chronicles.[18][19]
.jpg)
Buddhism was first introduced to Bhutan in the 7th century AD. Tibetan king Songtsän Gampo[20] (reigned 627–49), a convert to Buddhism, ordered the construction of two Buddhist temples, at Bumthang in central Bhutan and at Kyichu (near Paro) in the Paro Valley.[21] Buddhism was propagated in earnest[20] in 746[22] under King Sindhu Rāja (also Künjom;[23] Sendha Gyab; Chakhar Gyalpo), an exiled Indian king who had established a government in Bumthang at Chakhar Gutho Palace.[24]:35 [25]:13
Buddhist saint Padma Sambhava (also known as Guru Rinpoche) came to Bhutan in in 747.[26] Much of early Bhutanese history is unclear because most of the records were destroyed when fire ravaged the ancient capital, Punakha, in 1827. By the 10th century, Bhutan's political development was heavily influenced by its religious history. Various sub-sects of Buddhism emerged which were patronized by the various Mongol warlords. After the decline of the Yuan Dynasty in the 14th century, these sub-sects vied with each other for supremacy in the political and religious landscape, eventually leading to the ascendancy of the Drukpa sub-sect by the 16th century.[21][27]
Until the early 17th century, Bhutan existed as a patchwork of minor warring fiefdoms, when the area was unified by the Tibetan lama and military leader Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal who had fled religious persecution in Tibet. To defend the country against intermittent Tibetan forays, Namgyal built a network of impregnable dzong (fortresses), and promulgated the Tsa Yig, a code of law that helped to bring local lords under centralized control. Many such dzong still exist and are active centers of religion and district administration. Portuguese Jesuits Estêvão Cacella and João Cabral were the first recorded Europeans to visit Bhutan, on their way to Tibet. They met Ngawang Namgyal, presented him with firearms, gunpowder and a telescope, and offered him their services in the war against Tibet, but the Shabdrung declined the offer. After a stay of nearly eight months Cacella wrote a long letter from the Chagri Monastery reporting on his travels. This is a rare extant report of the Shabdrung.[28][29] After Ngawang Namgyal's death in 1651, his passing was kept secret for 54 years; after a period of consolidation, Bhutan lapsed into internal conflict. In the year 1711 Bhutan went to war against the Mughal Empire and its Subedars, who restored Koch Bihar in the south. During the chaos that followed, the Tibetans unsuccessfully attacked Bhutan in 1714.[30]
In the 18th century, the Bhutanese invaded and occupied the kingdom of Cooch Behar to the south. In 1772, Cooch Behar appealed to the British East India Company which assisted them in ousting the Bhutanese and later in attacking Bhutan itself in 1774. A peace treaty was signed in which Bhutan agreed to retreat to its pre-1730 borders. However, the peace was tenuous, and border skirmishes with the British were to continue for the next hundred years. The skirmishes eventually led to the Duar War (1864–65), a confrontation for control of the Bengal Duars. After Bhutan lost the war, the Treaty of Sinchula was signed between British India and Bhutan. As part of the war reparations, the Duars were ceded to the United Kingdom in exchange for a rent of Rs. 50,000. The treaty ended all hostilities between British India and Bhutan.
During the 1870s, power struggles between the rival valleys of Paro and Tongsa led to civil war in Bhutan, eventually leading to the ascendancy of Ugyen Wangchuck, the ponlop (governor) of Tongsa. From his power base in central Bhutan, Ugyen Wangchuck defeated his political enemies and united the country following several civil wars and rebellions during 1882–85.[31]
In 1907, an epochal year for the country, Ugyen Wangchuck was unanimously chosen as the hereditary king of the country by an assembly of leading Buddhist monks, government officials, and heads of important families. The British government promptly recognized the new monarchy, and in 1910 Bhutan signed the Treaty of Punakha, a subsidiary alliance which gave the British control of Bhutan's foreign affairs and meant that Bhutan was treated as an Indian princely state. This had little real effect, given Bhutan's historical reticence, and also did not appear to affect Bhutan's traditional relations with Tibet. After the new Union of India gained independence from the United Kingdom on 15 August 1947, Bhutan became one of the first countries to recognize India's independence. On 8 August 1949, a treaty similar to that of 1910, in which Britain had gained power over Bhutan's foreign relations, was signed with the newly independent India.[18]
In 1953, King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck established the country's legislature – a 130-member National Assembly – to promote a more democratic form of governance. In 1965, he set up a Royal Advisory Council, and in 1968 he formed a Cabinet. In 1971, Bhutan was admitted to the United Nations, having held observer status for three years. In July 1972, Jigme Singye Wangchuck ascended to the throne at the age of sixteen after the death of his father, Dorji Wangchuck.
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the country expelled or forced to leave nearly one fifth of its population in the name of preserving its Tibetan Mahayana Buddhist culture and identity.[32] The Lhotshampas, the ethnic group persecuted by the Bhutanese government, were subject to "harassment, arrests and the burning of ethnic Nepali homes."[33] The government enacted discriminatory citizenship laws against the Lhotshampas, stripping about one-fifth of its population of citizenship. A harassment campaign escalating in the early 1990s ensued, and afterwards Bhutanese security forces began expelling people after making them renounce claims to their homes and homeland. A refugee recounted, “The army took all the people from their houses. As we left Bhutan, we were forced to sign the document. They snapped our photos. The man told me to smile, to show my teeth. He wanted to show that I was leaving my country willingly, happily, that I was not forced to leave.”[34] Due to the violence, Bhutanese of Nepali origin, mainly Hindu, fled their homeland. According to the UNHCR, more than 107,000 Bhutanese refugees living in seven camps in eastern Nepal have been documented as of 2008.[35] After many years in refugee camps, many are now moving to host nations such as Norway, the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States as refugees. The United States has admitted 30,870 refugees from fiscal years 2008 through 2010.[36] Still, in July 2010, the Bhutanese prime minister, Jigme Y Thinley, called the Bhutanese refugees illegal immigrants.[37]
Political reform and modernization[link]
Further information: Law of Bhutan and Constitution of Bhutan
King Jigme Singye Wangchuck introduced significant political reforms, transferring most of his administrative powers to the Council of Cabinet Ministers and allowing for impeachment of the King by a two-thirds majority of the National Assembly.[38]
In 1999, the government lifted a ban on television and the Internet, making Bhutan one of the last countries to introduce television. In his speech, the King said that television was a critical step to the modernisation of Bhutan as well as a major contributor to the country's Gross National Happiness (Bhutan is the only country to measure happiness),[39] but warned that the "misuse" of television could erode traditional Bhutanese values.[40]
A new constitution was presented in early 2005. In December 2005, Jigme Singye Wangchuck announced that he would abdicate the throne in his son's favor in 2008. On 14 December 2006, he announced that he would be abdicating immediately. This was followed by the first national parliamentary elections in December 2007 and March 2008.
On November 6, 2008, 28-year old Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, eldest son of King Jigme Singye Wangchuck, was crowned King.[41]
Government and politics[link]
Main article: Politics of Bhutan
Bhutan's political system has developed from an absolute monarchy into a constitutional monarchy. In 1999, the fourth king of Bhutan created a body called the Lhengye Zhungtshog (Council of Ministers). The Druk Gyalpo (King of Druk Yul) is head of state. Executive power is exercised by the Lhengye Zhungtshog, the council of ministers. Legislative power was vested in both the government and the former Grand National Assembly.
On the 17th of December 2005, the 4th King, Jigme Singye Wangchuck, announced to a stunned nation that the first general elections would be held in 2008, and that he would abdicate the throne in favor of his eldest son, the crown prince.[42] King Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuck took the throne on December 14, 2006 upon his father's abdication. Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck was adorned with Bhutan's Raven Crown at an ornate coronation ceremony in Thimphu on Thursday, November 6, 2008, becoming the world's youngest reigning monarch and head of the newest democracy.[43]
The new political system comprises an upper and lower house, the latter based on political party affiliations. Elections for the upper house (National Council) were held on December 31, 2007, while elections for the lower house, the 47-seat National Assembly, were held on March 24, 2008. Two political parties, the People's Democratic Party (PDP) headed by Sangay Ngedup, and the Druk Phuensum Tshogpa (DPT) headed by Jigmi Thinley, competed in the National Assembly election. The Druk Phuensum Tshogpa won the elections taking 45 out of 47 seats in the parliament.[44]
Judicial power is vested in the courts of Bhutan. The Chief Justice is the administrative head of the Judiciary.
Military and foreign affairs[link]
Main articles: Military of Bhutan and Foreign relations of Bhutan
The Royal Bhutan Army is Bhutan's military service. It includes the Royal Bodyguard and the Royal Bhutan Police. Membership is voluntary, and the minimum age for recruitment is 18. The standing army numbers about 16,000 and is trained by the Indian Army.[45] It has an annual budget of about $13.7 million — 1.8 percent of the GDP. Being a landlocked country, Bhutan has no navy. It also has no air force or army aviation corps. The Army relies on Eastern Air Command of the Indian Air Force for air assistance.
In 2007, Bhutan and India signed a new treaty that clarified that Bhutan was master of its own foreign relations, superseding the treaty signed in 1949. The superseded treaty is still sometimes misinterpreted to mean that India controls Bhutan's foreign affairs, but the government of Bhutan handles all of its own foreign affairs, including the sensitive (to India) border demarcation issue with China.
Bhutan has diplomatic relations with 21 countries, and with the European Union, with missions in India, Bangladesh, Thailand, and Kuwait. It has two UN missions, one in New York and one in Geneva. Only India and Bangladesh have residential embassies in Bhutan, while Thailand has a consulate office in Bhutan.
By a long standing treaty, Indian and Bhutanese citizens may travel to each other's countries without a passport or visa using their national identity cards instead. Bhutanese citizens may also work in India without legal restriction. Bhutan does not have formal diplomatic ties with its northern neighbour, the People's Republic of China, although exchanges of visits at various levels between the two have significantly increased in recent times. The first bilateral agreement between China (PRC) and Bhutan was signed in 1998, and Bhutan has also set up honorary consulates in Macau and Hong Kong. Bhutan's border with China is largely not demarcated and thus disputed in some places. Approximately 269 square kilometers remain under discussion between China and Bhutan.[46]
On 13 November 2005, Chinese soldiers crossed into the disputed territories between China and Bhutan, and began building roads and bridges.[47] Bhutanese Foreign Minister Khandu Wangchuk took up the matter with Chinese authorities after the issue was raised in the Bhutanese parliament. In response, Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang of the People's Republic of China has said that the border remains in dispute and that the two sides are continuing to work for a peaceful and cordial resolution of the dispute.[48] An Indian intelligence officer has said that a Chinese delegation in Bhutan told the Bhutanese that they were "overreacting." The Bhutanese newspaper Kuensel has said that China might use the roads to further Chinese claims along the border.[47]
On 8 February 2007, the Indo-Bhutan Friendship Treaty was substantially revised. The Treaty of 1949, Article 2 states: "The Government of India undertakes to exercise no interference in the internal administration of Bhutan. On its part the Government of Bhutan agrees to be guided by the advice of the Government of India in regard to its external relations." In the revised treaty it now reads as "In keeping with the abiding ties of close friendship and cooperation between Bhutan and India, the Government of the Kingdom of Bhutan and the Government of the Republic of India shall cooperate closely with each other on issues relating to their national interests. Neither government shall allow the use of its territory for activities harmful to the national security and interest of the other." The revised treaty also includes this preamble: "Reaffirming their respect for each other's independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity", an element that was absent in the earlier version. The Indo-Bhutan Friendship Treaty of 2007 clarifies Bhutan's status as an independent and sovereign nation.
Bhutan maintains formal diplomatic relations with several Asian and European nations, Canada, and Brazil. Other countries, such as the United States and the United Kingdom, have no formal diplomatic relations with Bhutan, but maintain informal contact through their respective embassies in New Delhi and Bhutanese honorary consulates in London and Washington, D.C.[49][50][51]
Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of Bhutan
Bhutan is located on the southern slopes of the eastern Himalayas, landlocked between the Tibet Autonomous Region to the north and the Indian states of Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh to the west and south. It lies between latitudes 26° and 29°N, and longitudes 88° and 93°E. The land consists mostly of steep and high mountains crisscrossed by a network of swift rivers, which form deep valleys before draining into the Indian plains. Elevation rises from 200 m (660 ft) in the southern foothills to more than 7,000 m (23,000 ft). This great geographical diversity combined with equally diverse climate conditions contributes to Bhutan's outstanding range of biodiversity and ecosystems.[2]
The northern region of the country consists of an arc of Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows reaching up to glaciated mountain peaks with an extremely cold climate at the highest elevations. Most peaks in the north are over 7,000 m (23,000 ft) above sea level; the highest point in Bhutan is Gangkhar Puensum at 7,570 metres (24,840 ft), which has the distinction of being the highest unclimbed mountain in the world.[3] The lowest point, at 98 m (322 ft), is in the valley of Drangme Chhu, where the river crosses the border with India.[3] Watered by snow-fed rivers, alpine valleys in this region provide pasture for livestock, tended by a sparse population of migratory shepherds.
The Black Mountains in the central region of Bhutan form a watershed between two major river systems: the Mo Chhu and the Drangme Chhu. Peaks in the Black Mountains range between 1,500 and 2,700 m (4,900 and 8,900 ft) above sea level, and fast-flowing rivers have carved out deep gorges in the lower mountain areas. The forests of the central Bhutan mountains consist of Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests in higher elevations and Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests in lower elevations. Woodlands of the central region provide most of Bhutan's forest production. The Torsa, Raidak, Sankosh, and Manas are the main rivers of Bhutan, flowing through this region. Most of the population lives in the central highlands.
In the south, the Shiwalik Hills are covered with dense Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests, alluvial lowland river valleys, and mountains up to around 1,500 m (4,900 ft) above sea level. The foothills descend into the subtropical Duars Plain. Most of the Duars is located in India, although a 10 to 15 km (6.2 to 9.3 mi) wide strip extends into Bhutan. The Bhutan Duars is divided into two parts: the northern and the southern Duars. The northern Duars, which abuts the Himalayan foothills, has rugged, sloping terrain and dry, porous soil with dense vegetation and abundant wildlife. The southern Duars has moderately fertile soil, heavy savannah grass, dense, mixed jungle, and freshwater springs. Mountain rivers, fed by either the melting snow or the monsoon rains, empty into the Brahmaputra River in India. Data released by the Ministry of Agriculture showed that the country had a forest cover of 64% as of October 2005.
The climate in Bhutan varies with elevation, from subtropical in the south to temperate in the highlands and polar-type climate, with year-round snow in the north. Bhutan experiences five distinct seasons: summer, monsoon, autumn, winter and spring. Western Bhutan has the heavier monsoon rains; southern Bhutan has hot humid summers and cool winters; central and eastern Bhutan is temperate and drier than the west with warm summers and cool winters.
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Wildlife[link]
See also: List of mammals of Bhutan
More than 770 species of bird and 5,400 species of plants are known to occur throughout the kingdom. Bhutan has a rich primate life with rare species such as the golden langur.[52][53] Recently, a variant Assamese macaque, which is also regarded by some authorities as a new species, Macaca munzala has also been recorded.[54]
The Bengal tiger, Greater One-horned Rhinoceros, clouded leopard, hispid hare and the sloth bear live in the lush tropical lowland and hardwood forests in the south. In the temperate zone, grey langur, tiger, Indian leopard, goral and serow are found in mixed conifer, broadleaf and pine forests. Fruit bearing trees and bamboo provide habitat for the Himalayan black bear, red panda, squirrel, sambar, wild pig and barking deer. The alpine habitats of the great Himalayan range in the north are home to the snow leopard, blue sheep, marmot, Tibetan wolf, antelope, Himalayan musk deer and the takin, Bhutan's national animal. The endangered Wild Water Buffalo occurs in southern Bhutan although in small numbers.[55]
Among birds, the globally endangered White-winged Wood Duck has been added recently to the list of Bhutan's avifauna.[56]
Conservation significance[link]
Main article: List of protected areas of Bhutan
Protected areas of Bhutan in lavender, biological corridors in green.
The Eastern Himalayas have been identified as a global biodiversity hotspot and counted among the 234 globally outstanding ecoregions of the world in a comprehensive analysis of global biodiversity undertaken by WWF between 1995 and 1997.
Bhutan is seen as a model for proactive conservation initiatives. The Kingdom has received international acclaim for its commitment to the maintenance of its biodiversity. This is reflected in the decision to maintain at least sixty percent of the land area under forest cover, to designate more than 40%[57][58] of its territory as national parks, reserves and other protected areas, and most recently to identify a further nine percent of land area as biodiversity corridors linking the protected areas. Environmental conservation has been placed at the core of the nation's development strategy, the middle path. It is not treated as a sector but rather as a set of concerns that must be mainstreamed in Bhutan's overall approach to development planning and to be buttressed by the force of law.
Conservation issues[link]
Further information: Environmental issues in Bhutan
Although Bhutan's natural heritage is still largely intact, the Government has said that it cannot be taken for granted and that conservation of the natural environment must be considered one of the challenges that will need to be addressed in the years ahead.
Pressures on the natural environment are already evident and will be fuelled by a complex array of forces. They include population pressures, agricultural modernisation, poaching, hydro-power development, mineral extraction, industrialisation, urbanisation, sewage and waste disposal, tourism, competition for available land road construction and the provision of other physical infrastructure associated with social and economic development.
Policy implementation needs to be continually improved. Sustainable rural livelihoods that do not rely solely upon natural resource use need to be developed and supported, and there needs to be far wider understanding of the environmental threats that come hand in hand with development, to ensure the future of Bhutan's rich and diverse environment.
In practice, the overlap of these extensive protected lands with populated areas has led to mutual habitat encroachment. Protected wildlife has entered agricultural areas, trampling crops and killing livestock. In response, Bhutan has implemented an insurance scheme, begun constructing solar powered alarm fences, watch towers, and search lights, and has provided fodder and salt licks outside human settlement areas to encourage animals to stay away.[59]
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of Bhutan
The ngultrum is the currency of Bhutan and its value is fixed to the Indian rupee. The rupee is also accepted as legal tender in the country.
Though Bhutan's economy is one of the world's smallest, it has grown rapidly in recent years, by eight percent in 2005 and 14 percent in 2006. In 2007, Bhutan had the second fastest growing economy in the world, with an annual economic growth rate of 22.4 percent. This was mainly due to the commissioning of the gigantic Tala Hydroelectricity project. As of March 2006, Bhutan's per capita income was US$1,321.
Bhutan's economy is based on agriculture, forestry, tourism and the sale of hydroelectric power to India. Agriculture provides the main livelihood for more than 80 percent of the population. Agrarian practices consist largely of subsistence farming and animal husbandry. Handicrafts, particularly weaving and the manufacture of religious art for home altars, are a small cottage industry. A landscape that varies from hilly to ruggedly mountainous has made the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult and expensive. This, and a lack of access to the sea, has meant that Bhutan has not been able to benefit from significant trading of its produce. Bhutan does not have any railways, though Indian Railways plans to link southern Bhutan to its vast network under an agreement signed in January 2005.[60] Bhutan and India signed a 'free trade' accord in 2008, which additionally allowed Bhutanese imports and exports from third markets to transit India without tariffs.[61] Bhutan had trade relations with the Tibet region until 1960, when it closed its border with China after an influx of refugees.[62]
The industrial sector is in a nascent stage, and though most production comes from cottage industry, larger industries are being encouraged and some industries such as cement, steel, and ferroalloy have been set up. Most development projects, such as road construction, rely on Indian contract labour. Agricultural produce includes rice, chilies, dairy (some yak, mostly cow) products, buckwheat, barley, root crops, apples, and citrus and maize at lower elevations. Industries include cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages and calcium carbide.
Incomes of over Nu 100,000 per annum are taxed, but very few wage and salary earners qualify. Bhutan's inflation rate was estimated at about three percent in 2003. Bhutan has a Gross Domestic Product of around USD 2.913 billion (adjusted to Purchasing Power Parity), making it the 162nd largest economy in the world. Per capita income is around $1,400,[3] ranked 124th. Government revenues total $272 million, though expenditures amount to $350 million. 60 percent of the budget expenditure, however, is financed by India's Ministry of External Affairs.[note 1][63] Bhutan's exports, principally electricity, cardamom, gypsum, timber, handicrafts, cement, fruit, precious stones and spices, total €128 million (2000 est.). Imports, however, amount to €164 million, leading to a trade deficit. Main items imported include fuel and lubricants, grain, machinery, vehicles, fabrics and rice. Bhutan's main export partner is India, accounting for 58.6 percent of its export goods. Hong Kong (30.1 percent) and Bangladesh (7.3 percent) are the other two top export partners.[3] As its border with Tibet is closed, trade between Bhutan and China is now almost non-existent. Bhutan's import partners include India (74.5 percent), Japan (7.4 percent) and Sweden (3.2 percent).
Administrative divisions[link]
Bhutan is divided into twenty dzongkhags (districts), administered by a body called the Dzongkhag Tshogdu. In certain thromdes (urban municipalities), a further municipal administration is directly subordinate to the Dzongkhag administration. In the vast majority of constituencies, rural gewogs (village blocks) are administered by bodies called the Gewog Tshogde.[64]
Thromdes (municipalities) elect Thrompons to lead administration, who in turn represent the Thromde in the Dzongkhag Tshogdu. Likewise, gewogs elect headmen called gups, vice-headmen called mangmis, who also sit on the Dzongkhag Thshogdu, as well as other members of the Gewog Tshogde. The basis of electoral constituencies in Bhutan is the chiwog, a subdivision of gewogs delineated by the Election Commission.[64]
- Bumthang
- Chukha (Chhukha)
- Dagana
- Gasa
- Haa
- Lhuntse
- Mongar
- Paro
- Pemagatshel (Pemagatsel)
- Punakha
- Samdrup Jongkhar
- Samtse (Samchi)
- Sarpang (Sarbhang)
- Thimphu
- Trashigang (Tashigang)
- Trashiyangtse
- Trongsa (Tongsa)
- Tsirang (Chirang)
- Wangdue Phodrang (Wangdi Phodrang)
- Zhemgang (Shemgang)
Cities and towns[link]
Main article: List of cities in Bhutan
- Thimphu, the largest city and capital of Bhutan.
- Damphu, the administrative headquarters of Tsirang District
- Jakar, the administrative headquarters of Bumthang District and the place where Buddhism entered Bhutan.
- Mongar, the eastern commercial hub of the country.
- Paro, site of the international airport.
- Phuentsholing, Bhutan's commercial hub.
- Punakha, the old capital.
- Samdrup Jongkhar The south eastern town on the border with India
- Trashigang, administrative headquarters of Trashigang District the most populous district in the country.
- Trongsa, in central Bhutan which has the largest and the most magnificent of all the dzongs in Bhutan.
Demographics[link]
Main article: Demographics of Bhutan
Bhutanese people primarily consist of the Ngalops and Sharchops, called the Western Bhutanese and Eastern Bhutanese respectively. The Lhotshampa, meaning "southerners," are a heterogeneous group of mostly Nepalese descent. The Ngalops primarily consist of Bhutanese living in the western part of the country. Their culture is closely related to that of Tibet. Much the same could be said of the Sharchops, the dominant group, who traditionally follow the Nyingmapa rather than the official Drukpa Kagyu form of Tibetan Buddhism. In modern times, with improved transportation infrastructure, there has been much intermarriage between these groups. In the early 1970s, intermarriage between the Lhotshampas and mainstream Bhutanese society was encouraged by the government, but after the late 1980s, the Bhutanese government forced about 108,000 Lhotshampas from their homes, seized their land, and expelled them to refugee camps.[33]
The literacy rate in Bhutan is 59.5 percent.[66] The country has a median age of 24.8 years.[67] Bhutan has a life expectancy of 62.2 years (61 for males and 64.5 for females) according to the latest data from the World Bank. There are 1,070 males to every 1,000 females in the country.
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Largest cities or towns of Bhutan http://www.geonames.org/BT/largest-cities-in-bhutan.html |
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| Rank | City name | District | Pop. | ||||||
 Thimphu |
1 | Thimphu | Thimphu | 62,500 |  Punakha [[File:|border|120px|Samdrup Jongkhar]] |
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| 2 | Phuntsholing | Chukha | 60,400 | ||||||
| 3 | Punakha | Punakha | 21,500 | ||||||
| 4 | Samdrup Jongkhar | Samdrup Jongkhar | 13,800 | ||||||
| 5 | Geylegphug | Sarpang | 6,700 | ||||||
| 6 | Paro | Paro | 4,400 | ||||||
| 7 | Trashigang | Trashigang | 4,400 | ||||||
| 8 | Wangdue Phodrang | Wangdue Phodrang | 3,300 | ||||||
| 9 | Taga Dzong | Dagana | 3,100 | ||||||
| 10 | Trongsa | Trongsa | 2,300 | ||||||
Religion[link]
| Religions of Bhutan | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| religion | percent | |||
| Buddhism |
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76% | ||
| Hinduism |
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23% | ||
| Others |
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1% | ||
Main article: Religion in Bhutan
It is estimated that between two thirds and three quarters of the Bhutanese population follow Vajrayana Buddhism, which is also the state religion. About one quarter to one third are followers of Hinduism. Other religions account for less than 1% of the population.[68] The current legal framework, in principle guarantees freedom of religion; proselytism, however, is forbidden by a royal government decision[68] and by judicial interpretation of the Constitution.[69]
Buddhism was introduced to Bhutan in the 7th century AD. Tibetan king Songtsän Gampo (reigned 627–49), a convert to Buddhism, ordered the construction of two Buddhist temples, at Bumthang in central Bhutan and at Kyichu (near Paro) in the Paro Valley.[21]
Languages[link]
Main article: Languages of Bhutan
The national language is Bhutanese, or Dzongkha, one of 53 languages in the Tibetan language family. The script, here called Chhokey ("Dharma Language"), is identical to classical Tibetan. In the schools English is the medium of instruction and Dzongkha is taught as the national language. Ethnologue lists 24 languages currently spoken in Bhutan, all of them in the Tibeto-Burman family, except Nepali, an Indo-Aryan language. Until the 1980s, the government sponsored the teaching of Nepali in schools in Southern Bhutan. However, after the armed uprising in the south, Nepali was dropped from the curriculum. The languages of Bhutan are still not well-characterized, and several have yet to be recorded in an in-depth academic grammar. Before the 1980s, the Lhotshampa (Nepali-speaking community), mainly based in southern Bhutan, constituted approximately 30% of the population.[70] However, during the 1980s, after the Bhutanese government instituted a policy of one language and one culture, these Lhotshampas were forced to wear the national costume of Bhutan, which is not well-suited to the high temperatures of the southern region.[70] This cultural discrimination led to protests which eventually resulted in the eviction of more than 100,000 Lhotshampas throughout the 1990s.[35] These Lhotshampas took refuge in Nepal via India. Because the bilateral talks between Nepal and Bhutan to repatriate Bhutanese refugees (Lhotshampas) have been proven futile, the UNHCR is now helping the refugees to settle in various developed countries such as Norway, USA, Canada and many others.[32][35]
Dzongkha is partially intelligible with Sikkimese and spoken natively by 25% of the population. Tshangla, the language of the Sharchop and the principal pre-Tibetan language of Bhutan, is spoken by a greater number of people. It is not easily classified and may constitute an independent branch of Tibeto-Burman. Nepali speakers constituted some 40% of the population as of 2006. The larger minority languages are Dzala (11%), Limbu (10%, immigrant), and Kheng (8%). There are no reliable sources for the ethnic or linguistic composition of Bhutan, so these numbers do not add up to 100%.
Culture[link]
Main article: Culture of Bhutan
Bhutan has a rich and unique cultural heritage that has largely remained intact because of its isolation from the rest of the world until the early 1960s. One of the main attractions for tourists is the country's culture and traditions. Bhutanese tradition is deeply steeped in its Buddhist heritage.[71][72]Hinduism is the second dominant religion in Bhutan, being most prevalent in the southern regions.[73] The government is increasingly making efforts to preserve and sustain the current culture and traditions of the country. Because of its largely unspoiled natural environment and cultural heritage, Bhutan has been referred to as The Last Shangri-la.[74]
While Bhutanese citizens are free to travel abroad, Bhutan is viewed as inaccessible by many foreigners. Another reason for it being an unpopular destination is the cost, which is high for tourists on tighter budgets. Entry is free for citizens of India and Bangladesh, but all other foreigners are required to sign up with a Bhutanese tour operator and pay around US$250 per day that they stay in the country.[75]
The national dress for Bhutanese men is the gho, a knee-length robe tied at the waist by a cloth belt known as the kera. Women wear an ankle-length dress, the kira, which is clipped at one shoulder and tied at the waist. An accompaniment to the kira is a long-sleeved blouse, the toego, which is worn underneath the outer layer. Social status and class determine the texture, colours, and decorations that embellish the garments. Differently coloured scarves and shawls are important indicators of social standing, as Bhutan has traditionally been a feudal society. Jewellery is mostly worn by women, especially during religious festivals (tsechus) and public gatherings. To strengthen Bhutan's identity as an independent country, Bhutanese law requires all Bhutanese citizens to wear the national dress in public areas and as formal wear.
Rice, buckwheat, and increasingly maize, are the staples of Bhutanese cuisine. The local diet also includes pork, beef, yak meat, chicken, and mutton. Soups and stews of meat and dried vegetables spiced with chillies and cheese are prepared. Ema datshi, made very spicy with cheese and chilies, might be called the national dish for its ubiquity and the pride that Bhutanese have for it. Dairy foods, particularly butter and cheese from yaks and cows, are also popular, and indeed almost all milk is turned to butter and cheese. Popular beverages include butter tea, tea, locally brewed ara (rice wine) and beer. Bhutan is the first country in the world to have banned the sale of tobacco under its Tobacco Act of 2010.[28]
Bhutanese architecture remains distinctively traditional, employing rammed earth and wattle and daub construction methods, stone masonry, and intricate woodwork around windows and roofs. Traditional architecture uses no nails or iron bars in construction.[28][76][77] Characteristic of the region is a type of castle fortress known as the dzong. Since ancient times, the dzongs have served as the religious and secular administration centres for their respective districts.[78] The University of Texas at El Paso in the United States has adopted Bhutanese architecture for its buildings on campus, as have the nearby Hilton Garden Inn and other buildings in the city of El Paso.[79]
Bhutan has numerous public holidays, most of which centre around traditional seasonal, secular and religious festivals. They include the winter solstice (around January 1, depending on the lunar calendar), the lunar New Year (February or March), the King's birthday and the anniversary of his coronation, the official end of monsoon season (September 22), National Day (December 17), and various Buddhist and Hindu celebrations.
Masked dances and dance dramas are common traditional features at festivals, usually accompanied by traditional music. Energetic dancers, wearing colourful wooden or composition face masks and stylized costumes, depict heroes, demons, dæmons, death heads, animals, gods, and caricatures of common people. The dancers enjoy royal patronage, and preserve ancient folk and religious customs and perpetuate the ancient lore and art of mask-making.
The music of Bhutan can generally be divided into traditional and modern varieties; traditional music comprises religious and folk genres, the latter including zhungdra and boedra.[80] The modern rigsar is played on a mix of traditional instruments and electronic keyboards, and dates back to the early 1990s; it shows the influence of Indian popular music, a hybrid form of traditional and Western popular influences.[81][82]
In Bhutanese families, inheritance generally passes through the female rather than the male line. Daughters will inherit their parents' house. A man is expected to make his own way in the world and often moves to his wife's home. Love marriages are common in urban areas, but the tradition of arranged marriages is still common in the villages. Although uncommon, polygamy is accepted, often being a device to keep property in a contained family unit rather than dispersing it.[83] The previous king, Jigme Singye Wangchuck, who abdicated in 2006, had four queens, all of whom are sisters. The current king, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, wed Jetsun Pema, 21, a commoner and daughter of a pilot, on 13 October 2011.
Sports[link]
Bhutan's national sport is archery, and competitions are held regularly in most villages. It differs from Olympic standards in technical details such as the placement of the targets and atmosphere. There are two targets placed over 100 meters apart and teams shoot from one end of the field to the other. Each member of the team shoots two arrows per round. Traditional Bhutanese archery is a social event and competitions are organized between villages, towns, and amateur teams. There are usually plenty of food and drink complete with singing and dancing. Attempts to distract an opponent include standing around the target and making fun of the shooter's ability. Darts (khuru) is an equally popular outdoor team sport, in which heavy wooden darts pointed with a 10 cm nail are thrown at a paperback-sized target 10 to 20 meters away.
Another traditional sport is the Digor, which resembles the shot put and horseshoe throwing. Cricket has gained popularity in Bhutan, particularly since the introduction of television channels from India. The Bhutan national cricket team is one of the more successful affiliate nations in the region. Football is also an increasingly popular sport. In 2002, Bhutan's national football team played Montserrat, in what was billed as The Other Final; the match took place on the same day Brazil played Germany in the World Cup final, but at the time Bhutan and Montserrat were the world's two lowest ranked teams. The match was held in Thimphu's Changlimithang National Stadium, and Bhutan won 4–0. A documentary of the match was made by the Dutch filmmaker Johan Kramer.
Education[link]
Bhutan has one decentralized university with eleven constituent colleges spread across the kingdom, The Royal University of Bhutan
Traffic and transport[link]
Main article: Transport in Bhutan
- Road: The Lateral Road is Bhutan's primary east–west corridor, connecting Phuentsholing in the southwest to Trashigang in the east. In between, the Lateral Road runs directly through Wangdue Phodrang, Trongsa, and other population centers. The Lateral Road also has spurs connecting to the capital Thimphu and other major population centers such as Paro and Punakha. As with other roads in Bhutan, the Lateral Road presents serious safety concerns due to pavement conditions, sheer drops, hairpin turns, weather, and landslides.[84][85][86]
- Air: Paro Airport is the only international airport in Bhutan. Yongphulla Airport in Trashigang is a small domestic airport that underwent upgrades through 2010.[87] Yongphulla Airport was scheduled for completion in January 2010, but as of August 2011 work is still ongoing.[88] There are plans for further domestic airports to be built at Bathpalathang in Bumthang District and at Gelephu in Sarpang District, which were due to start operations in June 2011.[89]
See also[link]
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Notes[link]
- ^ India's Ministry of External Affairs provides financial aid to neighbouring countries under "technical and economic cooperation with other countries and advances to foreign governments."
References[link]
- ^ a b "9th Five Year Plan (2002–2007)". Royal Government of Bhutan. 2002. http://www.gnhc.gov.bt/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/5yp09_main.pdf. Retrieved 2011-08-22.
- ^ a b c "National Portal of Bhutan". Department of Information Technology, Bhutan. http://www.bhutan.gov.bt/government/aboutbhutan.php. Retrieved 2011-08-22.
- ^ a b c d e CIA—The World Factbook.
- ^ "Population and Housing Census of Bhutan — 2005" (PPT). UN. 2005. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/meetings/wshops/Thailand_15Oct07/docs/Countries_presentations/Bhutan_Results.ppt. Retrieved 2010-01-05.
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- ^ "Parks of Bhutan". Bhutan Trust Fund for Environmental Conservation online. Bhutan Trust Fund. http://www.bhutantrustfund.bt/parks-of-bhutan. Retrieved 2011-03-26.
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- ^ "MEMBER INFORMATION: India and the WTO". World Trade Organization (WTO). http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/india_e.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-23.
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- ^ a b "Local Government Act of Bhutan 2009" (PDF). Government of Bhutan. 2009-09-11. http://www.nab.gov.bt/downloadsact/Dzo74.pdf. Retrieved 2011-01-20.
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Further reading[link]
- Osmani, Siddiqur R.; Bajracharya, B.B.; Tenzing, S.; Wangyal, T. (2007) (PDF). Macroeconomics of Poverty Reduction: The Case Study of Bhutan (2 ed.). Colombo: UNDP. p. 302. ISBN 978-955-1416-00-3. http://www.bt.undp.org/assets/files/publication/Macroeco_cs_for_Bhutan.pdf.
- Wangchhuk, Lily (2008). Facts About Bhutan: The Land of the Thunder Dragon. Thimphu: Absolute Bhutan Books. ISBN 99936-760-0-4.
- "A Hidden and Mysterious Kingdom". Toplum Postasi. http://www.toplumpostasi.net/index.php/cat/9/col/85/art/1026/PageName/English. Retrieved 2006-06-14.
- Revkin, Andrew C. (2005-10-04). "A New Measure of Well-Being From a Happy Little Kingdom". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/04/science/04happ.html?ex=1129089600&en=de859301f49c121d&ei=5070&emc=eta1. Retrieved 2005-10-04.
- "Border tension pushes MEA allocation". The Tribune, Chandigarh. http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020301/budget.htm. Retrieved 2005-09-08.
- "Bhutan". Bhutan. MSN Encarta. Archived from the original on 2009-10-31. http://www.webcitation.org/5kwQ2kjMZ. Retrieved 2005-09-08.
- "Bhutan-China Relations". Bhutan News Online. http://www.bhutannewsonline.com/bhutan_china.html. Retrieved 2005-09-08.
- "BTI 2008 — Bhutan Country Report". Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung. 2007. http://www.bertelsmann-transformation-index.de/index.php?id=1393&tt_news=&type=98&L=1. Retrieved 2008-12-11. — PDF version
- A.P. Agarwala (2003). Sikkim and Bhutan. Nest and Wings. ISBN 81-7824-008-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=Xnw-2sU1KMoC. Retrieved 2011-09-01.
- Datta-Ray, Sunanda K. (1984). Smash and Grab: The Annexation of Sikkim. Vikas. ISBN 0-7069-2509-2. http://books.google.com/books?id=RCMuAAAAMAAJ. Retrieved 2011-09-01.
- Foning, A.R. (1987). Lepcha, My Vanishing Tribe. Sterling Publishers. ISBN 81-207-0685-4.
- Rose, Leo. The Nepali Ethnic Community in the Northeast of the Subcontinent. University of California, Berkeley.
- Napoli, Lisa (2011). Radio Shangri-La: What I Learned in Bhutan, the Happiest Kingdom on Earth. Crown. ISBN 0-307-45302-2.
External links[link]
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- Official website
- Bhutan entry at The World Factbook
- Bhutan Links at the National Library of Bhutan
- Bhutan at the Open Directory Project
- Wikimedia Atlas of Bhutan
- Bhutan travel guide from Wikitravel
- Key Development Forecasts for Bhutan from International Futures
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