- published: 17 Jan 2013
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- author: Bloomberg
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Brooklyn
Coordinates: 40°41′34″N 73°59′25″W / 40.69278°N 73.99028°W / 40.69278; -73.99028
Brooklyn is the most populous of New York City's five boroughs, with approximately 2.5 million residents, and the second-largest in area. Since 1896, Brooklyn has had the same boundaries as Kings County, which is now the most populous county in New York State and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, after New York County (Manhattan). It is also the westernmost county on Long Island.
Brooklyn was an independent city until it was annexed by New York City in 1898. It continues to maintain a distinct culture. Many Brooklyn neighborhoods are ethnic enclaves where particular ethnic groups and cultures predominate.
Brooklyn's official motto is Eendraght Maeckt Maght. Written in the (early modern spelling of the) Dutch language, it is inspired by the motto of the United Dutch Provinces and translated "Unity makes strength". The motto is displayed on the borough seal and flag, which also feature a young robed woman bearing fasces, a traditional emblem of republicanism. Brooklyn's official colors are blue and gold.
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Chicago
Chicago (
i/ʃɪˈkɑːɡoʊ/ or /ʃɪˈkɔːɡoʊ/) is the largest city in the US state of Illinois and the third most populous city in the United States after New York City and Los Angeles. The city has around 2.7 million residents. Its metropolitan area, sometimes called "Chicagoland", is the third largest in the United States, with an estimated 9.8 million people. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County, though a small portion also extends into DuPage County.
Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837, near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed. Today, Chicago is listed as an alpha+ global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, and ranks seventh in the world on the 2012 Global Cities Index. The city retains its status as an international hub for finance, industry, telecommunications and infrastructure, with O'Hare International Airport being the second busiest airport in the world in terms of traffic movements. In 2008[update], the city hosted 45.6 million domestic and overseas visitors. Among metropolitan areas, Chicago has the 4th largest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the world, ranking just behind Tokyo, New York City, and Los Angeles. Chicago is one of the most important Worldwide Centers of Commerce and trade.
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George Washington
George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was the first President of the United States of America, serving from 1789 to 1797, and the dominant military and political leader of the United States from 1775 to 1799. He led the American victory over Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army from 1775 to 1783, and presided over the writing of the Constitution in 1787. Washington became the first president, by unanimous choice, and oversaw the creation of a strong, well-financed national government that maintained neutrality in the wars raging in Europe, suppressed rebellion, and won acceptance among Americans of all types. His leadership style established many forms and rituals of government that have been used since, such as using a cabinet system and delivering an inaugural address. Washington is universally regarded as the "Father of his country."
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Guam
Guam (
i/ˈɡwɑːm/; Chamorro: Guåhån) is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States located in the western Pacific Ocean. It is one of five U.S. territories with an established civilian government. Guam is listed as one of sixteen Non-Self-Governing Territories by the Special Committee on Decolonization of the United Nations. The island's capital is Hagåtña (formerly Agaña). Guam is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands.
The Chamorros, Guam's indigenous people, first populated the island approximately 4,000 years ago. The island has a long history of European colonialism. Discovered by Ferdinand Magellan during a Spanish expedition on March 6, 1521, the first colony was established in 1668 by Spain with the arrival of settlers including Padre San Vitores, a Catholic missionary. For more than two centuries Guam was an important stopover for the Spanish Manila Galleons that crossed the Pacific annually. The island was controlled by Spain until 1898, when it was surrendered to the United States during the Spanish-American War and later formally ceded as part of the Treaty of Paris.
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Havana
Havana (/həˈvænə/; Spanish: La Habana, [la aˈβana] (
listen)) is the capital city, province, major port, and leading commercial centre of Cuba. The city proper has a population of 2.1 million inhabitants, and it spans a total of 726.75 km2 (280.60 sq mi) — making it the largest city by area, the most populous city, and the fourth largest metropolitan area in the Caribbean region. The city extends mostly westward and southward from the bay, which is entered through a narrow inlet and which divides into three main harbours: Marimelena, Guanabacoa and Atarés. The sluggish Almendares River traverses the city from south to north, entering the Straits of Florida a few miles west of the bay.
Havana was founded by the Spanish in the 16th century and due to its strategic location it served as a springboard for the Spanish conquest of the continent becoming a stopping point for the treasure laden Spanish Galleons on the crossing between the New World and the Old World. King Philip II of Spain granted Havana the title of City in 1592. Walls as well as forts were built to protect the old city. The sinking of the U.S. battleship Maine in Havana's harbor in 1898 was the immediate cause of the Spanish-American War.
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Houston
Houston (
/ˈhjuːstən/) (Alibamu: Yosti ) is the largest city in the state of Texas, and the fourth-largest city in the United States. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the city had a population of 2.1 million people within an area of 656.3 square miles (1,700 km2). Houston is the seat of Harris County and the economic center of Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown, which is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 6.08 million people as of July 1st, 2011.
Houston was founded in 1836 on land near the banks of Buffalo Bayou. It was incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837, and named after then-President of the Republic of Texas—former General Sam Houston—who had commanded at the Battle of San Jacinto, which took place 25 miles (40 km) east of where the city was established. The burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the city's population. In the mid-twentieth century, Houston became the home of the Texas Medical Center—the world's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions—and NASA's Johnson Space Center, where the Mission Control Center is located.
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Isthmus of Panama
The Isthmus of Panama, also historically known as the Isthmus of Darien, is the narrow strip of land that lies between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, linking North and South America. It contains the country of Panama and the Panama Canal. Like many isthmuses, it is a location of great strategic value.
The Isthmus was formed some three million years ago during the Pliocene epoch. This major geological event separated the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and caused the creation of the Gulf Stream.
Vasco Núñez de Balboa heard of the South Sea from the natives while sailing along the Caribbean coast. On 25 September 1513 he saw the Pacific. In 1519 the town of Panamá was founded near a small indigenous settlement on the Pacific coast. After the discovery of Peru it developed into an important port of trade and became an administrative centre. 1671 the Welsh pirate Henry Morgan crossed the Isthmus of Panamá coming from the Caribbean and destroyed the city. Afterwards the town was relocated some kilometers to the west at a small peninsula. The ruins of the old town Panamá la Vieja are preserved, and were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.
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New York
New York (/njuː ˈjɔrk/; locally IPA: [nɪu ˈjɔək] or [nuː ˈjɔɹk] (
listen)) is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. New York is the 27th most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 7th most densely populated of the 50 United States. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east. The state has a maritime border with Rhode Island east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Ontario to the west and north, and Quebec to the north. The state of New York is often referred to as New York State to distinguish it from New York City.
New York City, with a population of over 8.1 million, is the most populous city in the United States. Alone, it makes up over 40 percent of the population of New York state. It is known for its status as a center for finance and culture and for its status as the largest gateway for immigration to the United States. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, New York City is also a destination of choice for many foreign visitors. Both the state and city were named for the 17th century Duke of York, James Stuart, future James II and VII of England and Scotland.
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Panama Canal Railway
The Panama Canal Railway Company (reporting mark PCRC) is a railway line that links the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean across Panama in Central America. It is jointly owned by the Kansas City Southern Railway and Mi-Jack Products. The route stretches 47.6 miles (76.6 km) across the Isthmus of Panama from Aspinwall (now called Colón) to Panama City (by way of Gatun lake, Bujio, Barbacoas, Matachin, and Summit).
The infrastructure of this still-functioning railroad (formerly the Panama Railway or Panama Rail Road) was of vital importance for construction of the Panama Canal over a parallel route half a century later. The principal incentive for the building of the rail line was the vast increase in traffic to California owing to the 1849 California Gold Rush. Construction on the Panama Railroad began in 1850 and the first revenue train ran over the full length on January 28, 1855. Referred to as being an inter-oceanic railroad when it opened, it was later also described by some as representing a "transcontinental" railroad despite only transversing the narrow isthmus connecting the North and South American continents.
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Philadelphia
Philadelphia ( /ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə/) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Philadelphia County, with which it is coterminous. The city is located in the Northeastern United States along the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers. It is the fifth-most-populous city in the United States, with a population of 1,526,006 as of the 2010 U.S. Census. Philadelphia is also the commercial, cultural, and educational center of the Delaware Valley, home to 6 million people and the country's fifth-largest metropolitan area. The Philadelphia metropolitan division consists of five counties in Pennsylvania and has a population of 4,008,994. Popular nicknames for Philadelphia are Philly and The City of Brotherly Love, the latter of which comes from the literal meaning of the city's name in Greek (Greek: Φιλαδέλφεια ([pʰilaˈdelpʰeːa], Modern Greek: [filaˈðelfia]) "brotherly love", compounded from philos (φίλος) "loving", and adelphos (ἀδελφός) "brother").
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Salt Lake City
Salt Lake City, often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC, is the capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Utah. With a population of 186,440 as of the 2010 Census, the city lies in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, which has a total population of 1,145,905. Salt Lake City is further situated in a larger urban area known as the Wasatch Front, which has a population of 2,328,299. It is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin (the other being Reno, Nevada), and the largest in the Intermountain West.
The city was founded in 1847 by Brigham Young and his Mormon followers, who extensively irrigated and cultivated the arid valley. Due to its proximity to the Great Salt Lake, the city was originally named "Great Salt Lake City"—the word "great" was dropped from the official name in 1868. Although Salt Lake City is still home to the headquarters of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), less than half the population of Salt Lake City proper are members of the LDS Church today.
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Utah
Utah (/ˈjuːtɔː/ ori/ˈjuːtɑː/) (Arapaho: Wo'tééneihí' ) is a state in the Western United States. It became the 45th state admitted to the Union on January 4, 1896. Utah is the 13th-most extensive, the 34th-most populous, and the 10th-least-densely populated of the 50 United States. Approximately 80% of Utah's 2,817,222 people live along the Wasatch Front, centering on Salt Lake City. This leaves vast expanses of the state nearly uninhabited, making the population the sixth most urbanized in the U.S. The name "Utah" is derived from the name of the Ute tribe and means "people of the mountains" in the Ute language. Utah is bordered by Arizona on the south, Colorado on the east, Wyoming on the northeast, Idaho on the north and Nevada on the west. It also touches a corner of New Mexico.
Utah is the most religiously homogeneous state in the Union. It is home to the Salt Lake Temple, and approximately 60% of Utahns are reported to be members of LDS Church which greatly influences Utah culture and daily life.
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Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) was the seventh President of the United States (1829–1837). Based in frontier Tennessee, Jackson was a politician and army general who defeated the Creek Indians at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814), and the British at the Battle of New Orleans (1815). A polarizing figure who dominated the Second Party System in the 1820s and 1830s, as president he destroyed the national bank and relocated most Indian tribes from the Southeast to west of the Mississippi River. His enthusiastic followers created the modern Democratic Party. The 1830–1850 period later became known as the era of Jacksonian democracy.
Jackson was nicknamed "Old Hickory" because of his toughness and aggressive personality; he fought in duels, some fatal to his opponents. He was a rich slaveholder, who appealed to the common men of the United States, and fought politically against what he denounced as a closed, undemocratic aristocracy. He expanded the spoils system during his presidency to strengthen his political base.
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Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706 [O.S. January 6, 1705] – April 17, 1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. A noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, musician, inventor, satirist, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. As a scientist, he was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. He invented the lightning rod, bifocals, the Franklin stove, a carriage odometer, and the glass 'armonica'. He formed both the first public lending library in America and the first fire department in Pennsylvania.
Franklin earned the title of "The First American" for his early and indefatigable campaigning for colonial unity; as an author and spokesman in London for several colonies, then as the first United States Ambassador to France, he exemplified the emerging American nation. Franklin was foundational in defining the American ethos as a marriage of the practical and democratic values of thrift, hard work, education, community spirit, self-governing institutions, and opposition to authoritarianism both political and religious, with the scientific and tolerant values of the Enlightenment. In the words of historian Henry Steele Commager, "In a Franklin could be merged the virtues of Puritanism without its defects, the illumination of the Enlightenment without its heat." To Walter Isaacson, this makes Franklin "the most accomplished American of his age and the most influential in inventing the type of society America would become."
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Benjamin Tucker
Benjamin Ricketson Tucker (April 17, 1854 – June 22, 1939) was a proponent, in the 19th century, of American individualist anarchism, which he called "unterrified Jeffersonianism", and editor and publisher of the individualist anarchist periodical Liberty.
Tucker was born on April 17, 1854 in South Dartmouth, Massachusetts. In 1872, while a student at M.I.T., Tucker attended a convention of the New England Labor Reform League in Boston, chaired by William B. Greene, author of Mutual Banking (1850). At the convention, Tucker purchased Mutual Banking, True Civilization, and a set of Ezra Heywood's pamphlets. Furthermore, Free-love anarchist, Ezra Heywood introduced Tucker to William B. Greene and Josiah Warren, author of True Civilization (1869). He also started a relationship with Victoria Woodhull, which lasted for 3 years.
Tucker made his debut into radical circles 1876, when Heywood published Tucker's first ever English translation of Proudhon's classic work What is Property?. In 1877-1878, Tucker published his original journal, Radical Review, which ran for only four issues. From August 1881 to April 1908, he published the periodical, Liberty, "widely considered to be the finest individualist-anarchist periodical ever issued in the English language".[citation needed] In 1892, he moved the Liberty from Boston to New York.
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Cosmo Kramer
Cosmo Kramer, usually referred to as simply "Kramer", is a fictional character on the American television sitcom Seinfeld (1989–1998), played by Michael Richards. The character is loosely based on comedian Kenny Kramer, Larry David's former neighbor across the hall.
Kramer is the friend and neighbor of main character Jerry Seinfeld, residing in Apartment 5B, and is friends with George Costanza and Elaine Benes. Of the series' four central characters, only Kramer has no visible means of support; what few jobs he holds seem to be nothing more than larks.
His trademarks include his upright hairstyle and vintage wardrobe, the combination of which led to his categorization as a "hipster doofus"; his taste in fruit; his love of occasional smoking, Cuban cigars in particular; his bursts through Jerry's apartment door; frequent pratfalls and his penchant for nonsensical, percussive outbursts of noise to indicate skepticism, agreement, annoyance, and a variety of other inexplicable responses. He has been described as "an extraordinary cross between Eraserhead and Herman Munster".
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Edmund Gwenn
Edmund Gwenn (26 September 1877 – 6 September 1959) was an Englishtheatre and film actor.
Born Edmund John Kellaway in Wandsworth, London and educated at St. Olave's School and later at King's College London, Gwenn began his acting career in the theatre in 1895. Playwright George Bernard Shaw was impressed with his acting, casting him in the first production of Man and Superman, and subsequently in five more of his plays. Gwenn's career was interrupted by his military service during World War I; however, after the war, he began appearing in films in London. (Cecil Kellaway was his cousin and Arthur Chesney was his brother.)
Gwenn appeared in more than eighty films during his career, including the Greer Garson/Laurence Olivier version of Pride and Prejudice (1940), Cheers for Miss Bishop, Of Human Bondage, and The Keys of the Kingdom. George Cukor's Sylvia Scarlett (1935) marked his first appearance in a Hollywood film, as Katharine Hepburn's father; - his final British film, as a capitalist trying to take over a family brewery in Cheer Boys Cheer (1939) is credited with being the first authentic Ealing comedy. He settled in Hollywood in 1940 and became part of its British colony. He is perhaps best remembered for his role as Kris Kringle in Miracle on 34th Street, for which he won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Upon receiving his Oscar, he said "Now I know there is a Santa Claus!" According to the Internet Movie Database (IMDB) he is the only person to win an acting Academy Award for playing the role of Santa Claus. He received a second nomination for his role in Mister 880 (1950). Near the end of his career he played one of the main roles in Alfred Hitchcock's The Trouble with Harry (1955). He has a small but hugely memorable role as a Cockney assassin in another Hitchcock film, Foreign Correspondent (1940)
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Gene Lockhart
Eugene "Gene" Lockhart (July 18, 1891 – March 31, 1957) was a Canadian character actor, singer, and playwright. He also wrote the lyrics to a number of popular songs.
Born in London, Ontario, Lockhart made his professional debut at the age of six when he appeared with the Kilties Band of Canada. At the age of 15, he was appearing in sketches with actress Beatrice Lillie. Lockhart was educated in various Canadian schools and at the Brompton Oratory School in London, England. He also played football for the Toronto Argonauts.
Lockhart had a long stage career; he also wrote professionally and taught acting and stage technique at the Juilliard School of Music in New York City. He had also written theatrical sketches, radio shows, special stage material, song lyrics and articles for stage and radio magazines.
He made his Broadway debut in 1916, in the musical The Riviera Girl. He was a member of the travelling play The Pierrot Players (for which he wrote the book and lyrics). This play introduced the song, The World Is Waiting for the Sunrise, for which Lockhart wrote the lyrics along with Canadian composer Ernest Seitz. (The song was subsequently made popular by Les Paul and Mary Ford in the 1950s.) He also wrote and directed the Broadway musical revue Bunk of 1926. He also sang in Die Fledermaus for the San Francisco Opera Association.
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George Washington
George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was the first President of the United States of America, serving from 1789 to 1797, and the dominant military and political leader of the United States from 1775 to 1799. He led the American victory over Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army from 1775 to 1783, and presided over the writing of the Constitution in 1787. Washington became the first president, by unanimous choice, and oversaw the creation of a strong, well-financed national government that maintained neutrality in the wars raging in Europe, suppressed rebellion, and won acceptance among Americans of all types. His leadership style established many forms and rituals of government that have been used since, such as using a cabinet system and delivering an inaugural address. Washington is universally regarded as the "Father of his country."
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John Ratzenberger
John Deszo Ratzenberger (born April 6, 1947) is an American actor, voice actor, and entrepreneur. He is best known for his role as Cliff Clavin in Cheers and his recurring supporting cast roles in Pixar films.
Ratzenberger was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, the son of Bertha (née Grohowski) and Deszo Alexander Ratzenberger. He attended St. Ann's School in Bridgeport and Sacred Heart University in Fairfield, Connecticut. In 1969 Ratzenberger was a tractor operator at the Woodstock Festival. He moved to London in 1971, living there for ten years.
Ratzenberger was a house framer living in London when he began his career in the performing arts. His first role was a patron in The Ritz (1976). Throughout the late 1970s and early 1980s Ratzenberger appeared in various minor roles in major feature films, including Firefox; A Bridge Too Far; Superman as a missile controller; Superman II as the NASA control man; Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back as "Major Bren Derlin"; Motel Hell as a drummer; Outland as a doomed mine worker named Tarlow; and Gandhi, playing an American Lieutenant.
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José Enrique Serrano
José Enrique Serrano (born October 24, 1943) is the U.S. Representative for New York's 16th congressional district (previously the 18th), serving since 1990. He is a member of the Democratic Party. The district is one of the smallest in the country geographically, consisting of a few miles of the heavily urbanized and populated South Bronx in New York City. His district is also one of the most densely populated and one of the few majority Hispanic districts in the country.
Serrano was born in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico. At the age of seven, Serrano was taken by his family to The Bronx. Serrano went to high school and then attended Lehman College. He served in the United States Army medical corps from 1964 to 1966.
In 1976, he ran for the New York Assembly in the 75th District. In the Democratic primary, he defeated Rafael Castaneira Colon 70%-30%. He won the general election with 91%. He never won re-election with less than 92% of the vote. His district was renumbered the 73rd after the 1980 United States Census.
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Lysander Spooner
Lysander Spooner (January 19, 1808 – May 14, 1887) was an American individualist anarchist, political philosopher, Deist, abolitionist, supporter of the labor movement, legal theorist, and entrepreneur of the nineteenth century. He is also known for competing with the U.S. Post Office with his American Letter Mail Company, which was forced out of business by the United States government.
Spooner was born on a farm in Athol, Massachusetts, on January 19, 1808, and died "at one o'clock in the afternoon of Saturday, May 14, 1887, in his little room at 109 Myrtle Street, [Boston,] surrounded by trunks and chests bursting with the books, manuscripts, and pamphlets which he had gathered in his active pamphleteer's warfare over half a century long."
Spooner advocated what he called Natural Law – or the "Science of Justice" – wherein acts of initiatory coercion against individuals and their property were considered "illegal" but the so-called criminal acts that violated only man-made legislation were not.
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Nelson Muntz
Nelson Mandela Muntz is a fictional character and bully from the animated TV series The Simpsons. He is voiced by Nancy Cartwright. Nelson was introduced in Season 1's "Bart the General" as a bully but later turned into a friend of Bart Simpson. He is best identified by his signature laugh ("HA-Haw!").
Nelson is a student and bully at Springfield Elementary School. He is known to have terrorized virtually everyone in Springfield at one point or another. Most often, however, it is the school nerds, such as Milhouse and Martin, who are the subject of his cruelty. Nelson shows the occasional glimpse of humanity, though, and other characters have occasionally warmed to him; Lisa dates him briefly in "Lisa's Date With Density", Marge informally adopts him in "Sleeping with the Enemy," and Bart is shown as a friend to him several times, such as in "The Haw-Hawed Couple."
His family life is dysfunctional. While some early episodes offer inconsistent histories (such as Nelson's dad going insane and abandoning him, Nelson's parents divorcing because of his mom's cough drop addiction, or Nelson's dad in prison while his mom "has bigger problems"), the canon story that has evolved is that he lives in a dilapidated house with his mother who works on the fringes of the sex industry, either as a waitress at Hooters or in a topless bar. The character design and voice portrayal of both parents has varied throughout the course of the series.
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Patrick Sherrill
Patrick Henry Sherrill (November 13, 1941 – August 20, 1986) was a United States Postal Service employee who, on August 20, 1986, in Edmond, Oklahoma, killed 14 employees with two .45 caliber pistols at his workplace before turning one of the guns on himself and committing suicide. Six other employees were wounded. Security expert Gavin de Becker said that postal authorities ignored numerous signs of Sherrill's unstable and hostile attitude.
Sherrill was a relief carrier who would work routes on different days. He was making delivery errors and frequently delivered mail later than when customers would usually get it. On the afternoon of August 19, 1986, Sherrill was reprimanded by two supervisors in a glassed-walled office.
Shortly after 8:00 AM the next day, he began his rampage by shooting one of the two supervisors who had spoken with him the previous day. The other supervisor had, for the first time ever, overslept and was an hour late to work, by which time the shootings were already underway. The second victim was Mike Rockne, grandson of legendary Notre Dame football coach Knute Rockne. Fourteen people died during the attack, and six others were wounded. Some of the wounded survived because they played dead. The incident lasted between 15 and 20 minutes.
wn.com/Patrick_Sherrill -
Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. The only president to resign the office, Nixon had previously served as a US representative and senator from California and as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961.
Nixon was born in Yorba Linda, California. After completing his undergraduate work at Whittier College, he graduated from Duke University School of Law in 1937, and returned to California to practice law. He and his wife, Pat Nixon, moved to Washington to work for the federal government in 1942. He subsequently served in the United States Navy during World War II. Nixon was elected to the House of Representatives in 1946 and to the Senate in 1950. His pursuit of the Hiss Case established his reputation as a leading anti-communist, and elevated him to national prominence. He was the running mate of Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Republican Party presidential nominee in the 1952 election. Nixon served for eight years as vice president. He waged an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 1960, narrowly losing to John F. Kennedy, and lost a race for Governor of California in 1962. In 1968, he ran again for the presidency and was elected.
wn.com/Richard_Nixon -
Thomas Neale
Thomas Neale (1641–1699) was a British project-manager and politician who was also well-known in the United States as the first person to hold a position equivalent to postmaster-general of the North American colonies.
Neale was a member of Parliament for thirty years, Master of the Mint and the Transfer Office, Groom Porter, gambler, and entrepreneur. His wide variety of projects included the development of Seven Dials, Shadwell, East Smithfield, and Tunbridge Wells, land-drainage projects, steel foundries and paper-making enterprises, mining in Maryland and Virginia, raising shipwrecks, and developing a pair of dice to prevent cheating at gaming. He was also the author of numerous tracts on coinage and fund-raising, and he was involved in the idea of a National Land Bank, the precursor of the Bank of England.
Throughout the early years of the North American colonies, many attempts were made to initiate a postal service. These early attempts were of small scale and usually involved a colony, Massachusetts Bay Colony for example, setting up a location in Boston where one could post a letter back home to England. Other attempts focused on a dedicated postal service between two of the larger colonies, such as Massachusetts and Virginia, but the available services remained limited in scope and disjointed for many years.
wn.com/Thomas_Neale -
William and Mary
The phrase William and Mary usually refers to the coregency over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland, of first-cousins King William III & II and Queen Mary II. Their joint reign began in February 1689, when they were offered the throne by the Parliament of England, replacing James II & VII, Mary's father and William's uncle/father-in-law, who was "deemed to have fled" the country in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. After Mary died in 1694, William ruled alone until his death in 1702. William and Mary were childless and were ultimately succeeded by Mary's younger sister, Anne.
To end the Glorious Revolution, William and Mary signed the English Bill of Rights and began a new co-operation between the Parliament and the monarchs, leading to a greater measure of personal liberty and democracy in Britain. This action both signaled the end of several centuries of tension and conflict between the crown and parliament, and the end of the idea that England would be restored to Roman Catholicism, King William being a Protestant leader. The English Bill of Rights also inspired the English colonists in North America to revolt against the rule of James II and his proposed changes in colonial governance. These colonial revolts occurred in Massachusetts, New York, and Maryland.
wn.com/William_and_Mary
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Why In the World Did the Post Office Sponsor Lance?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:46
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
Jan. 17 (Bloomberg) -- Justice Officials have recommended joining a 2010 suit by former Armstrong teammate Floyd Landis alleging Armstrong and team managers defrauded the government when they accepted money from the US Postal Service, the Wall Street Journal reports, citing unidentified people. Hans Nichols reports on Bloomberg Television's "In The Loop." (Source: Bloomberg)
http://wn.com/Why_In_the_World_Did_the_Post_Office_Sponsor_Lance?
Jan. 17 (Bloomberg) -- Justice Officials have recommended joining a 2010 suit by former Armstrong teammate Floyd Landis alleging Armstrong and team managers defrauded the government when they accepted money from the US Postal Service, the Wall Street Journal reports, citing unidentified people. Hans Nichols reports on Bloomberg Television's "In The Loop." (Source: Bloomberg)
United States Postal Service Policy Changes and Improvements
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:01
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
United States Postal Service Policy Changes and Improvements
http://wn.com/United_States_Postal_Service_Policy_Changes_and_Improvements
United States Postal Service Policy Changes and Improvements
- published: 11 Jan 2013
- views: 113
- author: usnavy
AKQA Augmented Reality for USPS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:13
- Updated: 13 Dec 2012
Agency: AKQA
http://wn.com/AKQA_Augmented_Reality_for_USPS
Hartmann: Destroying the Postal Service - another Manufactured Crisis
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:06
- Updated: 07 Jan 2013
The United States Post Office is on the verge of shutting down. According to the New York Times - the Post Office is quickly running out of cash and may be forced to shut down this winter. While the media story line is that the Post Office is dealing with the problem of trying to remain profitable in a world of decreasing paper mail - the real cause is actually something much, much different. Consider that this year - like every year since 2006 - the Post Office is legally required to make a $5 billion annual contribution to a retirement account to pay for future retirees who aren't even born yet. For more on this Thom Hartmann is joined by Chuck Zlatkin - Legislative and Political Director of the New York Metro Area Postal Union.
http://wn.com/Hartmann_Destroying_the_Postal_Service_another_Manufactured_Crisis
The United States Post Office is on the verge of shutting down. According to the New York Times - the Post Office is quickly running out of cash and may be forced to shut down this winter. While the media story line is that the Post Office is dealing with the problem of trying to remain profitable in a world of decreasing paper mail - the real cause is actually something much, much different. Consider that this year - like every year since 2006 - the Post Office is legally required to make a $5 billion annual contribution to a retirement account to pay for future retirees who aren't even born yet. For more on this Thom Hartmann is joined by Chuck Zlatkin - Legislative and Political Director of the New York Metro Area Postal Union.
- published: 07 Sep 2011
- views: 20065
- author: TheBigPictureRT
US Postal Service Wants Congress to Make Changes to Its Business Model
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:58
- Updated: 03 Jan 2013
This is the VOA Special English Economics Report, from voaspecialenglish.com | http The United States Postal Service has reported a loss of over $5 billion from April to June. The Postal Service says it expects to report a loss of $15 billion for the 12-month period ending in September. And it has warned of even bigger losses if Congress does not let mail service change the way it does business. The United States Postal Service, or USPS, has a history as long as the nation's own. Benjamin Franklin was appointed the first Postmaster General, or head of the Postal Service, in 1775. But the Postal Service says its income has not kept up with growing costs. For example, profitable first class mail is decreasing. The service says most of its recent losses resulted from making payments to its health care program for retirees. About a billion dollars of the loss was for payments to injured workers. The news from April to June was not all bad. Improvements in the economy fueled income growth of nine percent from shipping and delivery. The Postal Service says it is less costly to send letters and packages in the mail than to use private companies. The USPS says it has cut operating costs by a total of $14 billion in the past five years. To improve its financial health, the agency has proposed cutting service on Saturdays. It wants Congress to cancel a requirement that the Postal Service make payments to its health care program for retired workers. USPS also wants the Treasury ...
http://wn.com/US_Postal_Service_Wants_Congress_to_Make_Changes_to_Its_Business_Model
This is the VOA Special English Economics Report, from voaspecialenglish.com | http The United States Postal Service has reported a loss of over $5 billion from April to June. The Postal Service says it expects to report a loss of $15 billion for the 12-month period ending in September. And it has warned of even bigger losses if Congress does not let mail service change the way it does business. The United States Postal Service, or USPS, has a history as long as the nation's own. Benjamin Franklin was appointed the first Postmaster General, or head of the Postal Service, in 1775. But the Postal Service says its income has not kept up with growing costs. For example, profitable first class mail is decreasing. The service says most of its recent losses resulted from making payments to its health care program for retirees. About a billion dollars of the loss was for payments to injured workers. The news from April to June was not all bad. Improvements in the economy fueled income growth of nine percent from shipping and delivery. The Postal Service says it is less costly to send letters and packages in the mail than to use private companies. The USPS says it has cut operating costs by a total of $14 billion in the past five years. To improve its financial health, the agency has proposed cutting service on Saturdays. It wants Congress to cancel a requirement that the Postal Service make payments to its health care program for retired workers. USPS also wants the Treasury ...
- published: 24 Sep 2012
- views: 19455
- author: VOALearningEnglish
US Postal Service Vs. FedEx & UPS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:28
- Updated: 09 Jan 2013
TYT Network (new WTF?! channel): www.youtube.com Follow TYT on Twitter: twitter.com Join the TYT Facebook Fan Page: tinyurl.com Follow TYT on Google Buzz: www.google.com Check Out TYT Interviews www.youtube.com Watch more at www.theyoungturks.com
http://wn.com/US_Postal_Service_Vs_FedEx_UPS
TYT Network (new WTF?! channel): www.youtube.com Follow TYT on Twitter: twitter.com Join the TYT Facebook Fan Page: tinyurl.com Follow TYT on Google Buzz: www.google.com Check Out TYT Interviews www.youtube.com Watch more at www.theyoungturks.com
- published: 12 Mar 2010
- views: 30755
- author: TheYoungTurks
Rep Connolly on the Ed Show Discussing the United States Postal Service
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:27
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
http://wn.com/Rep_Connolly_on_the_Ed_Show_Discussing_the_United_States_Postal_Service
State of the Postal Service (Aug 15, 2012)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:47
- Updated: 16 Aug 2012
A message to all employees of the US Postal Service.
http://wn.com/State_of_the_Postal_Service_Aug_15,_2012
A message to all employees of the US Postal Service.
- published: 16 Aug 2012
- views: 5280
- author: uspstv
Viewer Request: Post Office Woes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:19
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
Per viewer request (you can thank purrbugaloo on YouTube for this) here's an excerpt from my last VLOG about my USPS woes. Enjoy! If you'd like to watch the entire video, go here: www.youtube.com DUSTIN HUNTER music available NOW on iTunes, Amazon & CDBaby.com Please COMMENT and SUBSCRIBE! Visit the blog for more beauty stuff: www.dustyohunter.com http for everything else! Find me on Instagram: dustyohunter Follow me on Twitter: twitter.com "Like" me on Facebook: www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Viewer_Request_Post_Office_Woes
Per viewer request (you can thank purrbugaloo on YouTube for this) here's an excerpt from my last VLOG about my USPS woes. Enjoy! If you'd like to watch the entire video, go here: www.youtube.com DUSTIN HUNTER music available NOW on iTunes, Amazon & CDBaby.com Please COMMENT and SUBSCRIBE! Visit the blog for more beauty stuff: www.dustyohunter.com http for everything else! Find me on Instagram: dustyohunter Follow me on Twitter: twitter.com "Like" me on Facebook: www.facebook.com
- published: 01 Jan 2013
- views: 5658
- author: dustyohunter
New Postal Service Feature
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:42
- Updated: 09 Jan 2013
Jimmy Kimmel Live - New Postal Service Feature Jimmy Kimmel Live's YouTube channel features clips and recaps of every episode from the late night TV show on ABC. Subscribe for clips from the monologue, the interviews, and musical performances every day of the week. Watch your favorites parts again, or catch-up on any episodes you may have missed. Website: www.jimmykimmellive.com Channel www.youtube.com Subscribe: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/New_Postal_Service_Feature
Jimmy Kimmel Live - New Postal Service Feature Jimmy Kimmel Live's YouTube channel features clips and recaps of every episode from the late night TV show on ABC. Subscribe for clips from the monologue, the interviews, and musical performances every day of the week. Watch your favorites parts again, or catch-up on any episodes you may have missed. Website: www.jimmykimmellive.com Channel www.youtube.com Subscribe: www.youtube.com
- published: 19 Oct 2012
- views: 28369
- author: JimmyKimmelLive
State of the Postal Service (May 16, 2012)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:05
- Updated: 17 May 2012
A message to employees of the US Postal Service from Postmaster General Pat Donahoe.
http://wn.com/State_of_the_Postal_Service_May_16,_2012
A message to employees of the US Postal Service from Postmaster General Pat Donahoe.
- published: 17 May 2012
- views: 7268
- author: uspstv
US Postal Service Warns of Default
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:00
- Updated: 29 Jul 2012
This is the VOA Special English Economics Report, from voaspecialenglish.com | http The United States Postal Service has a history as long as the nation's. The Second Continental Congress appointed Benjamin Franklin as the first postmaster general in seventeen seventy-five. In September, the current postmaster general, Patrick Donahoe, brought an urgent message to a Senate committee. He told the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs that the Post Office could need more money by the end of the month. "Without the enactment of comprehensive legislation by September thirtieth, the Postal Service will default on a mandated $5.5 billion payment to the Treasury to pre-fund retirement retiree health benefits. Our situation is urgent." The Postal Service had losses of almost six billion dollars for the nine-month period ending in June. That could grow to ten billion for the year. Part of the deficit is a five and a half billion dollar payment to the federal retirement plan for postal workers.Mr. Donahoe is asking Congress to approve huge changes to the Postal Service. He wants to cut over one hundred thousand workers, close thousands of post offices and end Saturday mail delivery. He says the service needs to operate more like a business. The Postal Service is responsible for its own financing and not part of the federal budget. But it does take part in federal retirement and health plans. It says it has paid too much to federal retirement plans and wants at ...
http://wn.com/US_Postal_Service_Warns_of_Default
This is the VOA Special English Economics Report, from voaspecialenglish.com | http The United States Postal Service has a history as long as the nation's. The Second Continental Congress appointed Benjamin Franklin as the first postmaster general in seventeen seventy-five. In September, the current postmaster general, Patrick Donahoe, brought an urgent message to a Senate committee. He told the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs that the Post Office could need more money by the end of the month. "Without the enactment of comprehensive legislation by September thirtieth, the Postal Service will default on a mandated $5.5 billion payment to the Treasury to pre-fund retirement retiree health benefits. Our situation is urgent." The Postal Service had losses of almost six billion dollars for the nine-month period ending in June. That could grow to ten billion for the year. Part of the deficit is a five and a half billion dollar payment to the federal retirement plan for postal workers.Mr. Donahoe is asking Congress to approve huge changes to the Postal Service. He wants to cut over one hundred thousand workers, close thousands of post offices and end Saturday mail delivery. He says the service needs to operate more like a business. The Postal Service is responsible for its own financing and not part of the federal budget. But it does take part in federal retirement and health plans. It says it has paid too much to federal retirement plans and wants at ...
- published: 13 Oct 2011
- views: 21925
- author: VOALearningEnglish
Full Show - 9/6/11. US Postal Service Nears Default
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 57:59
- Updated: 28 Aug 2012
Thom talks about the possibility of the United States Postal Office defaulting on their mandatory payment to their employee retirement fund. Later in the show, he debates Mitt Romney's job plan with conservative guest, Brian Darling.
http://wn.com/Full_Show_9_6_11_US_Postal_Service_Nears_Default
Thom talks about the possibility of the United States Postal Office defaulting on their mandatory payment to their employee retirement fund. Later in the show, he debates Mitt Romney's job plan with conservative guest, Brian Darling.
- published: 07 Sep 2011
- views: 2271
- author: TheBigPictureRT
Peter Schiff: Congress Can't Fix The Post Office, How Will They The Fix Deficit? - CNBC 1/16/2013
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:21
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
Without help from Congress in sight, the US Postal Service must speed up cost-cutting measures, reports CNBC's Hampton Pearson. Peter Schiff, Euro Pacific Capital CEO and James Pethokoukis, American Enterprise Institute, weigh in. My Channel: www.youtube.com Fair Use Disclaimer: This video may contain copyrighted material. This material is made available for educational, research, and news reporting purposes only. This constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in Title 17 USC section 107 of the US Copyright Law which allows citizens to reproduce, distribute or exhibit portions of copyright motion pictures, video tapes, or video disks under certain circumstances without authorization of the copyright holder.
http://wn.com/Peter_Schiff_Congress_Can't_Fix_The_Post_Office,_How_Will_They_The_Fix_Deficit?_CNBC_1_16_2013
Without help from Congress in sight, the US Postal Service must speed up cost-cutting measures, reports CNBC's Hampton Pearson. Peter Schiff, Euro Pacific Capital CEO and James Pethokoukis, American Enterprise Institute, weigh in. My Channel: www.youtube.com Fair Use Disclaimer: This video may contain copyrighted material. This material is made available for educational, research, and news reporting purposes only. This constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in Title 17 USC section 107 of the US Copyright Law which allows citizens to reproduce, distribute or exhibit portions of copyright motion pictures, video tapes, or video disks under certain circumstances without authorization of the copyright holder.
- published: 17 Jan 2013
- views: 530
- author: Eduardo89rp
Shock Doctrine at US Postal Service: Is A Manufactured Crisis Behind Push to Privatize?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:47
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
www. DemocracyNow.org - Today, postal workers and their supporters are holding events across the country to press their demand for repealing the benefit-funding mandate, and push back against calls for their workplace to be privatized. For months, Americans have heard dire warnings about the impending collapse of the United States Postal Service due to fiscal insolvency and a drop in the use of mail service. In early September, the US Postmaster General told Congress that the USPS is close to default and unveiled a series of radical proposals to cut costs by firing up to 120000 workers, closing several thousand facilities, scaling back deliveries, and reducing benefits for retirees. But many postal workers say the much-touted crisis facing the US Postal Service is not what it seems. They argue the greatest volume of mail handled in the 236-year history of the postal service was 2006. They also point to a 2006 law that forced the USPS to become the only agency required to fund 75 years of retiree health benefits over just a 10-year span, and say the law's requirements account for 100 percent of the service's $20 billion in losses over the previous four years, without which the service would have turned a profit. Last week, Republicans introduced legislation to overhaul the USPS in response to a bill proposed by Democrats that would refund a reported $6.9 billion in over-payments to the USPS retirement plan, offer early retirement and voluntary separation incentives, adjust ...
http://wn.com/Shock_Doctrine_at_US_Postal_Service_Is_A_Manufactured_Crisis_Behind_Push_to_Privatize?
www. DemocracyNow.org - Today, postal workers and their supporters are holding events across the country to press their demand for repealing the benefit-funding mandate, and push back against calls for their workplace to be privatized. For months, Americans have heard dire warnings about the impending collapse of the United States Postal Service due to fiscal insolvency and a drop in the use of mail service. In early September, the US Postmaster General told Congress that the USPS is close to default and unveiled a series of radical proposals to cut costs by firing up to 120000 workers, closing several thousand facilities, scaling back deliveries, and reducing benefits for retirees. But many postal workers say the much-touted crisis facing the US Postal Service is not what it seems. They argue the greatest volume of mail handled in the 236-year history of the postal service was 2006. They also point to a 2006 law that forced the USPS to become the only agency required to fund 75 years of retiree health benefits over just a 10-year span, and say the law's requirements account for 100 percent of the service's $20 billion in losses over the previous four years, without which the service would have turned a profit. Last week, Republicans introduced legislation to overhaul the USPS in response to a bill proposed by Democrats that would refund a reported $6.9 billion in over-payments to the USPS retirement plan, offer early retirement and voluntary separation incentives, adjust ...
- published: 27 Sep 2011
- views: 7547
- author: democracynow
Our First Post Office Adventure Together
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:27
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
Thank you to everyone who has sent us wonderful mail and packages you all are incredible! :] Want to Send Us Something? Stacy & Cydney PO Box 4830 Rancho Cucamonga, Ca. 91729 Instagram: Cydney: CydneyAlexandra Stacy: StacySolis Twitter: Stacy: Stacy_Solis Cydney: CydneyAlexandra Tumblr: Cydney: toalltheirown.tumblr.com Stacy: Hereshestands.tumblr.com
http://wn.com/Our_First_Post_Office_Adventure_Together
Thank you to everyone who has sent us wonderful mail and packages you all are incredible! :] Want to Send Us Something? Stacy & Cydney PO Box 4830 Rancho Cucamonga, Ca. 91729 Instagram: Cydney: CydneyAlexandra Stacy: StacySolis Twitter: Stacy: Stacy_Solis Cydney: CydneyAlexandra Tumblr: Cydney: toalltheirown.tumblr.com Stacy: Hereshestands.tumblr.com
- published: 20 Nov 2012
- views: 13111
- author: ThisHEARTonaSTRING
Best of Minecraft - POSTAL SERVICE PARODY!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:22
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
Join the Audience!! Facebook | Facebook.com Twitter | twitter.com Spotify | bit.ly Thanks for Favoriting/Liking!! It helps a lot! Shirts (US) l tobuscus.spreadshirt.com Shirts (EU) l tobuscus.spreadshirt.net ------------------------------------------- More Highlights: www.youtube.com Playlists: www.youtube.com Main Channel - youtube.com Daily Vlogs - youtube.com MINECRAFT POSTAL SERVICE PARODY! - TobyGames Highlights Videos used: Minecraft - MUSIC VIDEO www.youtube.com Thanks to Alex S for the Gimme That Remix in the outro!
http://wn.com/Best_of_Minecraft_POSTAL_SERVICE_PARODY!
Join the Audience!! Facebook | Facebook.com Twitter | twitter.com Spotify | bit.ly Thanks for Favoriting/Liking!! It helps a lot! Shirts (US) l tobuscus.spreadshirt.com Shirts (EU) l tobuscus.spreadshirt.net ------------------------------------------- More Highlights: www.youtube.com Playlists: www.youtube.com Main Channel - youtube.com Daily Vlogs - youtube.com MINECRAFT POSTAL SERVICE PARODY! - TobyGames Highlights Videos used: Minecraft - MUSIC VIDEO www.youtube.com Thanks to Alex S for the Gimme That Remix in the outro!
- published: 07 Nov 2012
- views: 171230
- author: TobyGames
They're Trying to Privatize the Post Office
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 58:25
- Updated: 07 Sep 2012
Portland Oregon Public Access program, "A Growing Concern," featuring a discussion about the current attempts to privatize the US Postal Service. Three guests, two letter carriers and one retired letter carrier, speak at length about the positive community contributions of the Postal Service and potential future additional upgrades that could enhance their already necessary functions.
http://wn.com/They're_Trying_to_Privatize_the_Post_Office
Portland Oregon Public Access program, "A Growing Concern," featuring a discussion about the current attempts to privatize the US Postal Service. Three guests, two letter carriers and one retired letter carrier, speak at length about the positive community contributions of the Postal Service and potential future additional upgrades that could enhance their already necessary functions.
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 5031
- author: PhilosopherSeed
Click-N-Ship®: Flip Steps
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:45
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
With Click-N-Ship® from the US Postal Service, you can make all your shipping a whole lot easier. For more info and to learn more about Click-N-Ship® go to: USPS.com Check out Flip Steps: Behind The Scenes to see how this spot was made. youtu.be
http://wn.com/Click-N-Ship®_Flip_Steps
With Click-N-Ship® from the US Postal Service, you can make all your shipping a whole lot easier. For more info and to learn more about Click-N-Ship® go to: USPS.com Check out Flip Steps: Behind The Scenes to see how this spot was made. youtu.be
- published: 12 Jul 2012
- views: 20955
- author: uspstv
Internet Fraud and Scams / Documentary / Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:52
- Updated: 10 Jan 2013
United States Postal Inspection Service. DeliveringJustice. Web of Deceit: Internet Fraud. A High Noon Bullet. Internet scams are like old wine in new bottles. Telemarketing and mail fraud scams are now coming to you from cyberspace. This tells the story of a scammer who uses the Internet to victimize unsuspecting consumers around the world until he gets caught in his own web of deceit. This also provides tips on what to watch out for when you do business on the Internet. Old Game, New Tricks. When you're online, be on guard, say US Postal Inspectors: Be suspicious of emails that appear to be from banks, online auction sites or other retailers; Never use a link in an email to visit any website; Only purchase goods and services from sites you trust. Examine all offers before purchasing. Whether it's auction fraud or identity theft; reshipping scams or foreign lotteries, be cautious and be smart. For more information on Internet fraud, visit www.LooksTooGoodToBeTrue.com. Producer: US Postal Inspection Service. Creative Commons license: Public Domain Starring: Robert Pralgo Leigh Hill Joe Washington A High Noon Film Written and Directed by Les Rayburn Executive Producer: Inspector Christopher Giusti Creative Director: Daniel Mihalko Technical Advisors: Inspector Greg S. Crabb, Inspector Barry Mew Line Producer: Abby Rayburn
http://wn.com/Internet_Fraud_and_Scams_Documentary_Video
United States Postal Inspection Service. DeliveringJustice. Web of Deceit: Internet Fraud. A High Noon Bullet. Internet scams are like old wine in new bottles. Telemarketing and mail fraud scams are now coming to you from cyberspace. This tells the story of a scammer who uses the Internet to victimize unsuspecting consumers around the world until he gets caught in his own web of deceit. This also provides tips on what to watch out for when you do business on the Internet. Old Game, New Tricks. When you're online, be on guard, say US Postal Inspectors: Be suspicious of emails that appear to be from banks, online auction sites or other retailers; Never use a link in an email to visit any website; Only purchase goods and services from sites you trust. Examine all offers before purchasing. Whether it's auction fraud or identity theft; reshipping scams or foreign lotteries, be cautious and be smart. For more information on Internet fraud, visit www.LooksTooGoodToBeTrue.com. Producer: US Postal Inspection Service. Creative Commons license: Public Domain Starring: Robert Pralgo Leigh Hill Joe Washington A High Noon Film Written and Directed by Les Rayburn Executive Producer: Inspector Christopher Giusti Creative Director: Daniel Mihalko Technical Advisors: Inspector Greg S. Crabb, Inspector Barry Mew Line Producer: Abby Rayburn
- published: 04 Jul 2012
- views: 2393
- author: rosaryfilms
San Mateo County Sheriff's Office Pedestrian Sting - People Behaving Badly
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:31
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
Stanley Roberts tags along with the SMCSO as they conduct a pedestrian sting in the City Of Millbrae. Not only drivers were caught behaving badly in this segment.
http://wn.com/San_Mateo_County_Sheriff's_Office_Pedestrian_Sting_People_Behaving_Badly
Stanley Roberts tags along with the SMCSO as they conduct a pedestrian sting in the City Of Millbrae. Not only drivers were caught behaving badly in this segment.
- published: 18 Dec 2012
- views: 3539
- author: Stanley Roberts
Couple for Sale(all sold) & Couple New Blades
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:49
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
If you're interested in purchasing something email me to gavkoo@gmail.com Prices are usps USA shipping included, internationals will pay little more to cover the international shipping depending on the item... payment though paypal... Custom CPM 3V @ 61HRC 0.11" thick reverse tanto with Orange Matrix C-Tek handle and titanium pins - $180 - SOLD Custom CPM 3V @ 61HRC 0.21" thick 16" blade 24" overall length War Sword - $550 - SOLD Brous Blade Silent Soldier V2 with Tuffthumbz Fallout Treatment - $70 - SOLD Protech Spindrift - $175 - SOLD Protech Sprint - $80 - SOLD gavko.info
http://wn.com/Couple_for_Saleall_sold_Couple_New_Blades
If you're interested in purchasing something email me to gavkoo@gmail.com Prices are usps USA shipping included, internationals will pay little more to cover the international shipping depending on the item... payment though paypal... Custom CPM 3V @ 61HRC 0.11" thick reverse tanto with Orange Matrix C-Tek handle and titanium pins - $180 - SOLD Custom CPM 3V @ 61HRC 0.21" thick 16" blade 24" overall length War Sword - $550 - SOLD Brous Blade Silent Soldier V2 with Tuffthumbz Fallout Treatment - $70 - SOLD Protech Spindrift - $175 - SOLD Protech Sprint - $80 - SOLD gavko.info
- published: 26 Sep 2012
- views: 2536
- author: gavkoo
Neo-Geo Cabinet
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:19
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
--- SUBSCRIBE! -- awe.sm :) --- While Mondo and I put the gaming room together, Sark and APL keep themselves entertained Must be nice ;) - Swing Want to ask us a question or send us shit via the United States Postal Service?!? Machinima Respawn 8424 Santa Monica Blvd #A766 West Hollywood, CA 90069 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FOR MORE MACHINIMA, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE SPORTS GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE MMO & RPG GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE ANIMATIONS & SHORTS, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE TRAILERS, GO TO: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Neo-Geo_Cabinet
--- SUBSCRIBE! -- awe.sm :) --- While Mondo and I put the gaming room together, Sark and APL keep themselves entertained Must be nice ;) - Swing Want to ask us a question or send us shit via the United States Postal Service?!? Machinima Respawn 8424 Santa Monica Blvd #A766 West Hollywood, CA 90069 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FOR MORE MACHINIMA, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE SPORTS GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE MMO & RPG GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE ANIMATIONS & SHORTS, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE TRAILERS, GO TO: www.youtube.com
- published: 11 Dec 2012
- views: 22574
- author: MachinimaTeamRespawn
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
The Great Postal Heist
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:10
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
JUNE 25TH 2012 - WASHINGTON DC
HUNGER STRIKE TO SAVE THE POST OFFICE
JOIN CITIZENS AND WORKERS TO DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS AND SAVE THE US POSTAL SERVICE.
http://wn.com/The_Great_Postal_Heist
JUNE 25TH 2012 - WASHINGTON DC
HUNGER STRIKE TO SAVE THE POST OFFICE
JOIN CITIZENS AND WORKERS TO DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS AND SAVE THE US POSTAL SERVICE.
- published: 22 Sep 2011
- views: 22954
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
Save America's Postal Service
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:51
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/Save_America's_Postal_Service
There's still time! Mail it EXPRESS 1-800-ask-USPS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:28
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
EXPRESS MAIL is the United States Postal Service's great deal! FLAT RATE is good, too. HURRY
Visit SaveAmericasPostalService.org
DISCLAIMER:
Soundtrack provided by youTube's Audio Swap. This video was made by a part-time regular Letter Carrier. It has NOT been authorized by the USPS.gov who provides the GREATEST DEALS In America: The First Class Letter AND Express Mail! C.O.D. anybody?
Any ads you see underneath this video are Not Approved by ThePrimeSpot.com or the USPS.
IMPO: In my personal opinion: SATURDAY delivery is convenient for American People and Working Class AT HOME on the weekend TO SIGN FOR MAIL and ACCEPT LARGE PACKAGES instead of getting an attempt and "pickup notice" two days later - on Monday! I also believe I personally can create NEW JOBS within the Postal Service so there should be NO need for layoffs! The Country wants to CREATE JOBS - why not REcreate and REtain instead of adding to the Unemployment Line?
KaRi ThePrimeSpot.com Long Beach, California
http://wn.com/There's_still_time!_Mail_it_EXPRESS_1-800-ask-USPS
EXPRESS MAIL is the United States Postal Service's great deal! FLAT RATE is good, too. HURRY
Visit SaveAmericasPostalService.org
DISCLAIMER:
Soundtrack provided by youTube's Audio Swap. This video was made by a part-time regular Letter Carrier. It has NOT been authorized by the USPS.gov who provides the GREATEST DEALS In America: The First Class Letter AND Express Mail! C.O.D. anybody?
Any ads you see underneath this video are Not Approved by ThePrimeSpot.com or the USPS.
IMPO: In my personal opinion: SATURDAY delivery is convenient for American People and Working Class AT HOME on the weekend TO SIGN FOR MAIL and ACCEPT LARGE PACKAGES instead of getting an attempt and "pickup notice" two days later - on Monday! I also believe I personally can create NEW JOBS within the Postal Service so there should be NO need for layoffs! The Country wants to CREATE JOBS - why not REcreate and REtain instead of adding to the Unemployment Line?
KaRi ThePrimeSpot.com Long Beach, California
- published: 28 Sep 2011
- views: 1356
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
Raleigh Save Postal Service Rally
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:35
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Postal unions and allies
http://wn.com/Raleigh_Save_Postal_Service_Rally
How the U.S. Postal Service Works
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:27
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Have you ever wondered what happens to a piece of mail once you drop it off at a post office? Find out in this HowStuffWorks video! Credits: , HowStuffWorks
http://wn.com/How_the_US_Postal_Service_Works
Have you ever wondered what happens to a piece of mail once you drop it off at a post office? Find out in this HowStuffWorks video! Credits: , HowStuffWorks
- published: 28 Sep 2011
- views: 79570
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
VOTE HR 1351 Save the U.S. Postal Service
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:02
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Demonstrators at Rep Erik Paulsen's Office in Eden Prairie, Minnesota
http://postalemployeenetwork.com/news/2011/09/h-r-1351-gains-momentum-on-capitol-hill/
http://wn.com/VOTE_HR_1351_Save_the_US_Postal_Service
Demonstrators at Rep Erik Paulsen's Office in Eden Prairie, Minnesota
http://postalemployeenetwork.com/news/2011/09/h-r-1351-gains-momentum-on-capitol-hill/
- published: 28 Sep 2011
- views: 142
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
Postal Service A Capella
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:16
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
UCSB Naked Voices singing Postal Service - Such Great Heights at CAF 2006 at UCLA.
I was just in the audience recording this.. but in defense of the group - they really do sound a lot better in person.
http://wn.com/Postal_Service_A_Capella
UCSB Naked Voices singing Postal Service - Such Great Heights at CAF 2006 at UCLA.
I was just in the audience recording this.. but in defense of the group - they really do sound a lot better in person.
- published: 11 Feb 2007
- views: 98361
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
The Postal Service - The Mail is Here (New Song!!)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:04
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The Postal Service new single , "The Mail is Here" The Mail is Here!!! drunk college kids, cmon. dont you have something better to do. (less)
http://wn.com/The_Postal_Service_The_Mail_is_Here_New_Song!!
The Postal Service new single , "The Mail is Here" The Mail is Here!!! drunk college kids, cmon. dont you have something better to do. (less)
- published: 11 Feb 2007
- views: 164252
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
Mail Drop ATV Ride - Hurricane Utah
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:38
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
This was also filmed at the Tristate ATV Jam last March.
This is known as the Mail Drop Loop.
The Mail Drop Ride begins in the Elephant Butte area a few miles south and west of the Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park. The routes in this area are primarily sandy two-track roads with a few sections of slickrock sandstone. This area has exceptional beauty and panoramic views of several scenic areas including Zion National Park, the Blocks, Canaan Mountain and Elephant Butte. The ride is named for its proximity to the location where the U.S. mail for residents in the upper Virgin River was let down a 300-foot ledge via a pulley system for several years. unfortunately, motorized vehicles cannot access the actual location.
http://wn.com/Mail_Drop_ATV_Ride_Hurricane_Utah
This was also filmed at the Tristate ATV Jam last March.
This is known as the Mail Drop Loop.
The Mail Drop Ride begins in the Elephant Butte area a few miles south and west of the Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park. The routes in this area are primarily sandy two-track roads with a few sections of slickrock sandstone. This area has exceptional beauty and panoramic views of several scenic areas including Zion National Park, the Blocks, Canaan Mountain and Elephant Butte. The ride is named for its proximity to the location where the U.S. mail for residents in the upper Virgin River was let down a 300-foot ledge via a pulley system for several years. unfortunately, motorized vehicles cannot access the actual location.
- published: 11 Feb 2007
- views: 12507
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
Boston City Hall Speaker 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:34
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Speaker #2 (Paul Kilduff, general president of Boston Metro American Postal Workers Union ??)
Full of energy speaker got great support.
Save America's Postal Service
bullshit - has a second meaning of "very angry"
MVI_7701 Boston City Hall Speaker 2.AVI
http://wn.com/Boston_City_Hall_Speaker_2
Speaker #2 (Paul Kilduff, general president of Boston Metro American Postal Workers Union ??)
Full of energy speaker got great support.
Save America's Postal Service
bullshit - has a second meaning of "very angry"
MVI_7701 Boston City Hall Speaker 2.AVI
- published: 28 Sep 2011
- views: 94
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
Unlocking the US MAIL Street Letter Box padlock VERY EXCITING!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:30
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
I just got this off ebay yesterday. It is a rare Street Letter Box Lock and it uses a push key. It is a 5 lever lock and this is a demonstration
http://wn.com/Unlocking_the_US_MAIL_Street_Letter_Box_padlock_VERY_EXCITING!
I just got this off ebay yesterday. It is a rare Street Letter Box Lock and it uses a push key. It is a 5 lever lock and this is a demonstration
- published: 11 Feb 2007
- views: 12961
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
The Postal Service - This Place Is A Prison
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:09
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A music video for the group The Postal Service.
Crazy how long ago I did this!! LOL...
http://wn.com/The_Postal_Service_This_Place_Is_A_Prison
A music video for the group The Postal Service.
Crazy how long ago I did this!! LOL...
- published: 11 Feb 2007
- views: 819898
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
Postal Service
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:37
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
surreal short film. a paraody of the world of speed dating and mail-order brides. i did this for my year 12 assignment.
http://wn.com/Postal_Service
surreal short film. a paraody of the world of speed dating and mail-order brides. i did this for my year 12 assignment.
- published: 11 Feb 2007
- views: 604
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
Rural Post Office Closures
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:52
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Henry Bellingham MP North West Norfolk discusses rural post office closures with those who have been effected.
http://wn.com/Rural_Post_Office_Closures
Henry Bellingham MP North West Norfolk discusses rural post office closures with those who have been effected.
- published: 11 Feb 2007
- views: 4467
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
Mexican flag raised over post office in Maywood, CA.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:08
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Illegal aliens take down the American flag and replaced it with the Mexican flag.
http://wn.com/Mexican_flag_raised_over_post_office_in_Maywood,_CA
Illegal aliens take down the American flag and replaced it with the Mexican flag.
- published: 11 Feb 2007
- views: 77186
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
U.S. Post Office On Wheels
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:24
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A quick walk through the shop.
http://wn.com/US_Post_Office_On_Wheels
Gmod Post office
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:52
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
This video tells about a box that goes to a post office and much further.
http://wn.com/Gmod_Post_office
This video tells about a box that goes to a post office and much further.
- published: 11 Feb 2007
- views: 3596
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
How to go Postal
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:09
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
How to make your own PCB on free postal labels using conductive ink, epoxy and a few parts. By PCB I mean, Post-Circuit Board: as in enter the age of circuits painted on walls. And also because its on postage.
Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor law nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their self-appointed rounds. Lets all Go Postal.
Another old project out of the dust bin of 2006 from the Graffiti Research Lab and The Eyebeam OpenLab
http://wn.com/How_to_go_Postal
How to make your own PCB on free postal labels using conductive ink, epoxy and a few parts. By PCB I mean, Post-Circuit Board: as in enter the age of circuits painted on walls. And also because its on postage.
Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor law nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their self-appointed rounds. Lets all Go Postal.
Another old project out of the dust bin of 2006 from the Graffiti Research Lab and The Eyebeam OpenLab
- published: 11 Feb 2007
- views: 29736
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
Go Postal
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:00
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
John Smith stars as The Postman and Rosie Smith stars as Dog #1. Crazy postman steals dog and holds it ransom. Watermark, I'm poor, Directed by Matt Moxon.
http://wn.com/Go_Postal
John Smith stars as The Postman and Rosie Smith stars as Dog #1. Crazy postman steals dog and holds it ransom. Watermark, I'm poor, Directed by Matt Moxon.
- published: 11 Feb 2007
- views: 525
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
Going Postal
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
An crazed nutcase who can't open his mailbox punches a passersby in the face.
http://wn.com/Going_Postal
An crazed nutcase who can't open his mailbox punches a passersby in the face.
- published: 11 Feb 2007
- views: 747
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
GOING POSTAL
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:30
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A VISUAL DOCUMENTATION OF INSANITY.
http://wn.com/GOING_POSTAL
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United States Postal Workers c.1950s
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:37
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
VS Male US Postal Workers, sorting, routing, using dollies, unloading mail. VS Workers opening chute above work table, sorting from large mound of letters. CU Pile of letters with worker's sorting. POV, Over the Shoulder shot raising addressed envelope. CU envelope addressed to UNIVERSAL NEWSREEL. Torso, man working mail sorting machine. VS Seated postal workers routing mail / letters into slots.
http://wn.com/United_States_Postal_Workers_c1950s
VS Male US Postal Workers, sorting, routing, using dollies, unloading mail. VS Workers opening chute above work table, sorting from large mound of letters. CU Pile of letters with worker's sorting. POV, Over the Shoulder shot raising addressed envelope. CU envelope addressed to UNIVERSAL NEWSREEL. Torso, man working mail sorting machine. VS Seated postal workers routing mail / letters into slots.
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 4195
- author: postaltexan
Railroad postal workers
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:34
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Interview with retired railroad postal workers.
http://wn.com/Railroad_postal_workers
Interview with retired railroad postal workers.
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 395
- author: postaltexan
Washington DC Streetcar Mail Delivery 1903
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:14
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
This scene shows postal worker awaiting mail to be delivered by streetcar on Pennsylvania Ave NW in Washington DC in 1903. The streetcar pulls up, the postal worker picks up the mail and loads into wagon. Williard Hotel can be seen in background. The postal worker then delivers mail to a railcar. Library of Congress
http://wn.com/Washington_DC_Streetcar_Mail_Delivery_1903
This scene shows postal worker awaiting mail to be delivered by streetcar on Pennsylvania Ave NW in Washington DC in 1903. The streetcar pulls up, the postal worker picks up the mail and loads into wagon. Williard Hotel can be seen in background. The postal worker then delivers mail to a railcar. Library of Congress
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 3941
- author: postaltexan
Gymnastic Mailman c.1940s
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:54
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
VS Mailman riding bicycle, doing flips, somersaults, swinging around street sign, cartwheels, jumping over mailbox, while delivering mail.c.1940s
"For this and more footage visit: http://www.MyFootage.com"
http://wn.com/Gymnastic_Mailman_c1940s
VS Mailman riding bicycle, doing flips, somersaults, swinging around street sign, cartwheels, jumping over mailbox, while delivering mail.c.1940s
"For this and more footage visit: http://www.MyFootage.com"
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 646
- author: postaltexan
Mailman delivering mail in the mailbox
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:12
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Archive Footage - Black & White - Mailman delivering mail in the mailbox, waving to pet in the house lawn, man wearing hat coming out of van, going towards the door
"For this and more footage visit: http://www.MyFootage.com"
http://wn.com/Mailman_delivering_mail_in_the_mailbox
Archive Footage - Black & White - Mailman delivering mail in the mailbox, waving to pet in the house lawn, man wearing hat coming out of van, going towards the door
"For this and more footage visit: http://www.MyFootage.com"
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 2380
- author: postaltexan
Nixon Intervenes in Postal Strike
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:42
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
An illegal strike of federal postal employees occurred in March 1970. At the time, the mail was delivered by the cabinet Post Office Dept. President Nixon called in troops to handle the mail in New York City, where the strike was most extensive. The eventual deal that resolved the strike converted the Post Office into a federally-owned corporation, the U.S. Postal Service. Workers gained the right to collective bargaining, but not the right to strike. Under the new procedures, compulsory arbitration is used when negotiations lead to an impasse. In other respects, labor relations in the Postal Service are regulated by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), the agency that covers most of the private sector.
http://wn.com/Nixon_Intervenes_in_Postal_Strike
An illegal strike of federal postal employees occurred in March 1970. At the time, the mail was delivered by the cabinet Post Office Dept. President Nixon called in troops to handle the mail in New York City, where the strike was most extensive. The eventual deal that resolved the strike converted the Post Office into a federally-owned corporation, the U.S. Postal Service. Workers gained the right to collective bargaining, but not the right to strike. Under the new procedures, compulsory arbitration is used when negotiations lead to an impasse. In other respects, labor relations in the Postal Service are regulated by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), the agency that covers most of the private sector.
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 4731
- author: postaltexan
Throwing mail into bags, U.S. Post Office
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:13
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
SUMMARY
This film concerns the separation of mail parcels before distribution. A semicircular rack of mail bags, each tagged with a different location, is placed on a set of the interior of a postal building. Two postal employees throw packages of envelopes brought to them by another employee into the marked mail bags.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34976.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 7, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Mail sorting.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 0862 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.0862
http://wn.com/Throwing_mail_into_bags,_US_Post_Office
SUMMARY
This film concerns the separation of mail parcels before distribution. A semicircular rack of mail bags, each tagged with a different location, is placed on a set of the interior of a postal building. Two postal employees throw packages of envelopes brought to them by another employee into the marked mail bags.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34976.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 7, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Mail sorting.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 0862 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.0862
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 616
- author: postaltexan
Clerks casing mail for bags, U.S. Post Office
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:12
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
SUMMARY
The subject is an operation of mail handling called "casing." The camera was placed so that two men can be seen demonstrating the method. The demonstrators, with stacks of letters in their hands, place them in one of many apertures built into a cabinet or "case."
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34972.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 10, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Letter mail handling.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 0861 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.0861
http://wn.com/Clerks_casing_mail_for_bags,_US_Post_Office
SUMMARY
The subject is an operation of mail handling called "casing." The camera was placed so that two men can be seen demonstrating the method. The demonstrators, with stacks of letters in their hands, place them in one of many apertures built into a cabinet or "case."
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34972.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 10, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Letter mail handling.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 0861 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.0861
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 1389
- author: postaltexan
Post man delivering mail, U.S. Post Office
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:08
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
SUMMARY
This film shows the delivery of the U.S. mail, in a rural area. A two-horse vehicle, with a sign reading "U.S. Mail," appears on the scene. The postal employee gets out of the vehicle and places mail in a standard metal mail box. A woman comes out of her house and removes the mail from the mail box, then buys stamps from the mail carrier as the picture ends.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34984.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 8, 1903 in Washington, DC
SUBJECTS
Letter carriers.
Postal service.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
http://wn.com/Post_man_delivering_mail,_US_Post_Office
SUMMARY
This film shows the delivery of the U.S. mail, in a rural area. A two-horse vehicle, with a sign reading "U.S. Mail," appears on the scene. The postal employee gets out of the vehicle and places mail in a standard metal mail box. A woman comes out of her house and removes the mail from the mail box, then buys stamps from the mail carrier as the picture ends.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34984.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 8, 1903 in Washington, DC
SUBJECTS
Letter carriers.
Postal service.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 1019
- author: postaltexan
Routing mail, U.S. Post Office
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:12
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
SUMMARY
A man dressed in the attire of a U.S. mail carrier is standing in front of a backdrop painted to represent a projected dimensional schematic of the interior of a post office. The mail carrier is holding a stack of envelopes in his left hand, while with his right hand, he is placing the letters in the pigeonholes of a case especially constructed for the alphabetical sorting of letters. The case, approximately three feet by four feet, is mounted on four legs.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34979.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 7, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Mail sorting.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 0867 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.0867
http://wn.com/Routing_mail,_US_Post_Office
SUMMARY
A man dressed in the attire of a U.S. mail carrier is standing in front of a backdrop painted to represent a projected dimensional schematic of the interior of a post office. The mail carrier is holding a stack of envelopes in his left hand, while with his right hand, he is placing the letters in the pigeonholes of a case especially constructed for the alphabetical sorting of letters. The case, approximately three feet by four feet, is mounted on four legs.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34979.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 7, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Mail sorting.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 0867 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.0867
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 785
- author: postaltexan
Train taking up mail bag, U.S. Post Office
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:07
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
SUMMARY
The subject of this Postal Department documentary is "snatching" the mail bag from the suspended post by the railroad mail clerk. As the film begins, a man climbs the steps leading to the device that suspends the mail bag in the air. A train can be seen in the distance approcaching the mail bag. At the end of the film, the mail bag is just being snatched from the suspension device.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 01Oct03; H36399.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed September 21, 1903 in St. Georges, MD.
SUBJECTS
Railway mail service.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 0571 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.0571
http://wn.com/Train_taking_up_mail_bag,_US_Post_Office
SUMMARY
The subject of this Postal Department documentary is "snatching" the mail bag from the suspended post by the railroad mail clerk. As the film begins, a man climbs the steps leading to the device that suspends the mail bag in the air. A train can be seen in the distance approcaching the mail bag. At the end of the film, the mail bag is just being snatched from the suspension device.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 01Oct03; H36399.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed September 21, 1903 in St. Georges, MD.
SUBJECTS
Railway mail service.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 0571 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.0571
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 1913
- author: postaltexan
Street mail car, U.S. Post Office
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:29
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
SUMMARY
The first scene appears to have been taken on a main thoroughfare of large city. In the immediate foreground is a horse-drawn U.S. mail vehicle waiting at the side of a streetcar track. Soon a streetcar approaches the camera position. It stops beside the mail vehicle and the driver unloads mail sacks from the streetcar. He then puts some sacks from his wagon onto the streetcar. As the film ends, both the streetcar and the horse-drawn mail delivery wagon leave the scene.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34992.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed July 30, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Mail receiving and forwarding services.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 1878 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.1878
http://wn.com/Street_mail_car,_US_Post_Office
SUMMARY
The first scene appears to have been taken on a main thoroughfare of large city. In the immediate foreground is a horse-drawn U.S. mail vehicle waiting at the side of a streetcar track. Soon a streetcar approaches the camera position. It stops beside the mail vehicle and the driver unloads mail sacks from the streetcar. He then puts some sacks from his wagon onto the streetcar. As the film ends, both the streetcar and the horse-drawn mail delivery wagon leave the scene.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34992.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed July 30, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Mail receiving and forwarding services.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 1878 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.1878
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 421
- author: postaltexan
Transporting Internal Revenue stamps, US Post Office
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:08
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
SUMMARY
The film shows a two-horse postal delivery wagon backed against a ramp, where two men are unloading the contents of the wagon into a delivery chute.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34994.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 5, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Delivery of goods.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 1902 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.1902
http://wn.com/Transporting_Internal_Revenue_stamps,_US_Post_Office
SUMMARY
The film shows a two-horse postal delivery wagon backed against a ramp, where two men are unloading the contents of the wagon into a delivery chute.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34994.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 5, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Delivery of goods.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 1902 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.1902
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 465
- author: postaltexan
Carriers at work, U.S. Post Office
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:15
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
SUMMARY
The subject is the handling and sorting of the U.S. mail. The sorting bags and the alphabetizing pigeonhole equipment are visible in a scene photographed from an altitude of approximately twenty-five feet. The placement of the equipment and its use by the post office personnel can be seen.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34978.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 10, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Mail sorting.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
http://wn.com/Carriers_at_work,_US_Post_Office
SUMMARY
The subject is the handling and sorting of the U.S. mail. The sorting bags and the alphabetizing pigeonhole equipment are visible in a scene photographed from an altitude of approximately twenty-five feet. The placement of the equipment and its use by the post office personnel can be seen.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34978.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 10, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Mail sorting.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 1432
- author: postaltexan
Clerks tying up for bags, U.S. Post Office
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:55
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
SUMMARY
The film shows two postal employees as they tie into bundles stacks of letters they have just removed from a destination "case."
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34977.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 7, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Letter mail handling.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 1387 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.1387
http://wn.com/Clerks_tying_up_for_bags,_US_Post_Office
SUMMARY
The film shows two postal employees as they tie into bundles stacks of letters they have just removed from a destination "case."
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34977.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 7, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Letter mail handling.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 1387 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.1387
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 589
- author: postaltexan
Tying up bags for train, U.S. Post Office
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:11
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
SUMMARY
The camera shows the action of two postal employees as they remove mail sacks from the semicircular rack where they are placed so they can be filled with mail for their respective locations. The two postal employees stack the mail sacks on a cart in preparation for dispatch elsewhere.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34971.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 7, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Letter mail handling.
Postal service--Employees.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 1050 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.1050
http://wn.com/Tying_up_bags_for_train,_US_Post_Office
SUMMARY
The camera shows the action of two postal employees as they remove mail sacks from the semicircular rack where they are placed so they can be filled with mail for their respective locations. The two postal employees stack the mail sacks on a cart in preparation for dispatch elsewhere.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34971.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 7, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Letter mail handling.
Postal service--Employees.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 1050 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.1050
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 294
- author: postaltexan
Buying stamps from Rural Wagon, U.S. Post Office
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:14
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
SUMMARY
The film shows a man carrying a mail sack. He climbs the stairs of a front porch, rings a doorbell, and a woman comes to the door. The postman hands her something, turns around, and walks down the stairs.
OTHER TITLES
Alternate title: United States Post Office
CREATED/PUBLISHED
United States : American Mutoscope & Biograph Company, 1903.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Augy03; H34985.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 10, 1903 in Westminster, MD.
SUBJECTS
Postal service.
Letter carriers--Maryland.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 1044 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.1044
http://wn.com/Buying_stamps_from_Rural_Wagon,_US_Post_Office
SUMMARY
The film shows a man carrying a mail sack. He climbs the stairs of a front porch, rings a doorbell, and a woman comes to the door. The postman hands her something, turns around, and walks down the stairs.
OTHER TITLES
Alternate title: United States Post Office
CREATED/PUBLISHED
United States : American Mutoscope & Biograph Company, 1903.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Augy03; H34985.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 10, 1903 in Westminster, MD.
SUBJECTS
Postal service.
Letter carriers--Maryland.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 1044 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.1044
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 225
- author: postaltexan
Loading mail car, U.S. Post Office
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:07
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
SUMMARY
This film, part of series on the various activities of the Post Office, starts with a scene of a large railroad mail car on a siding. A horse-drawn, four-wheeled vehicle with a sign "U.S. Mail" on the side proceeds away from the camera toward the mail car. The vehicle stops, the driver gets out, and, as the film ends, he is seen unloading the cart and putting mail bags in the train.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34993.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed July 30, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Railway mail cars.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 0880 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.0880
http://wn.com/Loading_mail_car,_US_Post_Office
SUMMARY
This film, part of series on the various activities of the Post Office, starts with a scene of a large railroad mail car on a siding. A horse-drawn, four-wheeled vehicle with a sign "U.S. Mail" on the side proceeds away from the camera toward the mail car. The vehicle stops, the driver gets out, and, as the film ends, he is seen unloading the cart and putting mail bags in the train.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34993.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed July 30, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Railway mail cars.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 0880 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.0880
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 433
- author: postaltexan
Wagons loading mail, U.S Post Office
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
SUMMARY
The photographer placed his camera to encompass as much of the loading ramp of a mail delivery building as possible. As the film begins, several horse-drawn postal transportation vehicles are backed up to the ramp. At the end of the film, a postal delivery wagon pulled by one horse enters the scene and is backed against the ramp.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34995.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed July 29, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 0874 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.0874
http://wn.com/Wagons_loading_mail,_US_Post_Office
SUMMARY
The photographer placed his camera to encompass as much of the loading ramp of a mail delivery building as possible. As the film begins, several horse-drawn postal transportation vehicles are backed up to the ramp. At the end of the film, a postal delivery wagon pulled by one horse enters the scene and is backed against the ramp.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34995.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed July 29, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 0874 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.0874
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 310
- author: postaltexan
Cancelling machine, U.S. Post Office
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
SUMMARY
The camera that photographed this film, built around the operation of cancelling mail, was placed high enough to include not only the machine and its operation but also the man who was making it work. During the film, a large number of envelopes are worked through the machine by an operator.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34974.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed July 29, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Canceling machines.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 0870 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.0870
http://wn.com/Cancelling_machine,_US_Post_Office
SUMMARY
The camera that photographed this film, built around the operation of cancelling mail, was placed high enough to include not only the machine and its operation but also the man who was making it work. During the film, a large number of envelopes are worked through the machine by an operator.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34974.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed July 29, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Canceling machines.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 0870 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.0870
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 408
- author: postaltexan
Collecting mail, U.S. Post Office
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:59
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
SUMMARY
The subject is the movement of mail by the U.S. postal service. As the film begins, two types of mail boxes on a pole on the corner of a street can be seen. In the background, away from the camera position, are people going by on foot, as well as horse-drawn and electric streetcar transportation. At the end of the film, a man wearing the uniform of a mailman is seen approaching the mail boxes. He unlocks the boxes and removes the mail from both the small and large boxes.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34968.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 10, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Mail receiving and forwarding services.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 0869 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.0869
http://wn.com/Collecting_mail,_US_Post_Office
SUMMARY
The subject is the movement of mail by the U.S. postal service. As the film begins, two types of mail boxes on a pole on the corner of a street can be seen. In the background, away from the camera position, are people going by on foot, as well as horse-drawn and electric streetcar transportation. At the end of the film, a man wearing the uniform of a mailman is seen approaching the mail boxes. He unlocks the boxes and removes the mail from both the small and large boxes.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34968.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 10, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Mail receiving and forwarding services.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 0869 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.0869
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 475
- author: postaltexan
Old mail coach at Ford, U.S. Post Office
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:34
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
SUMMARY
The film begins by showing a river approximately fifty yards wide. The opposite bank from the camera position is wooded. Shortly after the beginning of the film, four horses, drawing a standard passenger-and-mail coach, head for the camera position. The horse-drawn vehicle proceeds into the water, crosses the river, and passes the camera.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34990.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed July 30, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 0868 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.0868
http://wn.com/Old_mail_coach_at_Ford,_US_Post_Office
SUMMARY
The film begins by showing a river approximately fifty yards wide. The opposite bank from the camera position is wooded. Shortly after the beginning of the film, four horses, drawing a standard passenger-and-mail coach, head for the camera position. The horse-drawn vehicle proceeds into the water, crosses the river, and passes the camera.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34990.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed July 30, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 0868 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.0868
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 180
- author: postaltexan
Rural wagon giving mail to branch, U.S. Post Office
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:06
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
SUMMARY
The first scene shows a rural free delivery mail man standing waiting for the area mail to be delivered to him. As the film continues, a horse-drawn wagon marked "Rural Postal Delivery" passes the camera position. The mail is then handed to the waiting postman who boards a two-wheel wagon and drives away.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34983.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 10, 1903 in Westminister, MD.
SUBJECTS
Rural free delivery.
Mail receiving and forwarding services.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 0866 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.0866
http://wn.com/Rural_wagon_giving_mail_to_branch,_US_Post_Office
SUMMARY
The first scene shows a rural free delivery mail man standing waiting for the area mail to be delivered to him. As the film continues, a horse-drawn wagon marked "Rural Postal Delivery" passes the camera position. The mail is then handed to the waiting postman who boards a two-wheel wagon and drives away.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34983.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 10, 1903 in Westminister, MD.
SUBJECTS
Rural free delivery.
Mail receiving and forwarding services.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 0866 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.0866
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 254
- author: postaltexan
Send this Playlist by SMS
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Postal Service Mail Carriers Job Description
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:32
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Postal Service Mail Carriers Job Description
http://wn.com/Postal_Service_Mail_Carriers_Job_Description
Postal Service Mail Carriers Job Description
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 10416
- author: postaltexan
Flats Sequencing System
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:46
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
add'l info at http://www.postalreporter.com/fss.htm
http://wn.com/Flats_Sequencing_System
add'l info at http://www.postalreporter.com/fss.htm
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 45993
- author: postaltexan
FSS Information
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:26
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
USPS FSS informative video.
http://wn.com/FSS_Information
Postal Services Automation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:57
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
postal services automation
http://wn.com/Postal_Services_Automation
USPS Postal Forum FSS Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:05
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
FSS video from 2008 USPS Postal Forum. Flats Sequencing System (FSS) developed by Northrop Grumman.
http://wn.com/USPS_Postal_Forum_FSS_Trailer
FSS video from 2008 USPS Postal Forum. Flats Sequencing System (FSS) developed by Northrop Grumman.
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 9773
- author: postaltexan
Mark of the Eagle: Episode I
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:55
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
When a letter carrier discovers powerful forces lurking around the cubicles of an ordinary office building, he must find it in himself to overcome these forces and deliver... no matter what.
Directed by: Matthew Zappile
twitter: @mmzappile
http://wn.com/Mark_of_the_Eagle_Episode_I
When a letter carrier discovers powerful forces lurking around the cubicles of an ordinary office building, he must find it in himself to overcome these forces and deliver... no matter what.
Directed by: Matthew Zappile
twitter: @mmzappile
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 20111
- author: postaltexan
Mark of the Eagle: Episode II
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:14
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
After a narrow escape from the onslaught of office equipment, Ed, the letter carrier, must unite the people of this office for one final stand.
Directed by: Matthew Zappile
twitter: @mmzappile
http://wn.com/Mark_of_the_Eagle_Episode_II
After a narrow escape from the onslaught of office equipment, Ed, the letter carrier, must unite the people of this office for one final stand.
Directed by: Matthew Zappile
twitter: @mmzappile
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 5284
- author: postaltexan
How the U.S. Postal Service Works
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:27
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Have you ever wondered what happens to a piece of mail once you drop it off at a post office? Find out in this HowStuffWorks video! Credits: , HowStuffWorks
http://wn.com/How_the_US_Postal_Service_Works
Have you ever wondered what happens to a piece of mail once you drop it off at a post office? Find out in this HowStuffWorks video! Credits: , HowStuffWorks
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 79570
- author: postaltexan
Owney the Mail Pouch Pooch
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:02
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Owney the Dog traveled on U.S. Mail trains in the early 1900s. Owney the Mail Pouch Pooch is written by Mona Kerby.
http://wn.com/Owney_the_Mail_Pouch_Pooch
Owney the Dog traveled on U.S. Mail trains in the early 1900s. Owney the Mail Pouch Pooch is written by Mona Kerby.
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 12134
- author: postaltexan
Mark of the Eagle: Episode III
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:51
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Ed must recover the package that the machines have stolen by swapping it with a decoy box. However, things don't go according to plan.
Directed by: Matthew Zappile
twitter: @mmzappile
http://wn.com/Mark_of_the_Eagle_Episode_III
Ed must recover the package that the machines have stolen by swapping it with a decoy box. However, things don't go according to plan.
Directed by: Matthew Zappile
twitter: @mmzappile
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 1672
- author: postaltexan
USPS Creates Cartoon Characters To Warn Children
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:40
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The Postal Service eagle is coming to life in full-action animation this summer to warn young children to stay away from postal delivery vehicles. The eagle, Franklin, and his sidekick bird friend Benny, are featured in a public service announcement (PSA) being sent to more than 500 television stations nationwide this week to help prevent injuries and deaths caused when children get too close to delivery vehicles.
http://wn.com/USPS_Creates_Cartoon_Characters_To_Warn_Children
The Postal Service eagle is coming to life in full-action animation this summer to warn young children to stay away from postal delivery vehicles. The eagle, Franklin, and his sidekick bird friend Benny, are featured in a public service announcement (PSA) being sent to more than 500 television stations nationwide this week to help prevent injuries and deaths caused when children get too close to delivery vehicles.
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 5009
- author: postaltexan
The Future of USPS -- Interview on Fox Business Channel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:21
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
U.S. Consumer Postal Council Executive Director Don Soifer is interviewed on Fox Business Channel
http://wn.com/The_Future_of_USPS_-_Interview_on_Fox_Business_Channel
U.S. Consumer Postal Council Executive Director Don Soifer is interviewed on Fox Business Channel
- published: 04 Sep 2008
- views: 10816
- author: postaltexan
Safety Depends on Me
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:51
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
United States Postal Service Safety video. This could help everyone.
http://wn.com/Safety_Depends_on_Me
United States Postal Service Safety video. This could help everyone.
- published: 01 Dec 2008
- views: 680
- author: postaltexan
Providence postal service responds to OSHA fines
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:35
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The U.S. Postal Service said Sunday the safety of its employees is a "top priority," following claims of unsafe working conditions at a Providence post office.
http://wn.com/Providence_postal_service_responds_to_OSHA_fines
The U.S. Postal Service said Sunday the safety of its employees is a "top priority," following claims of unsafe working conditions at a Providence post office.
- published: 03 May 2010
- views: 125
- author: postaltexan
Sellie Truitt Save Our Saturday Mail Delivery
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:21
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
This is a very unique musi video created by legendary Kansas City, Missouri Jazz Saxaphone Player Sellie Truitt Jr. in addition to being a fine musician and composer Sellie Truitt enjoyed a long USPS mail carrier and writer for the letter carriers Viewpoint and the national paper the Postal Record.
http://wn.com/Sellie_Truitt_Save_Our_Saturday_Mail_Delivery
This is a very unique musi video created by legendary Kansas City, Missouri Jazz Saxaphone Player Sellie Truitt Jr. in addition to being a fine musician and composer Sellie Truitt enjoyed a long USPS mail carrier and writer for the letter carriers Viewpoint and the national paper the Postal Record.
- published: 15 Jun 2010
- views: 770
- author: postaltexan
Postal Demonstration Los Angeles Dog Training
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:15
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
THE LONG BEACH PRESS TELEGRAM
More than 4.7 million people are attacked and bitten by dogs each year. Because thousands of those victims are letter carriers, the U.S. Postal Service and some officials have decided to bite back.
Under the watchful eyes of about 100 postal workers, Luciano "Lucky" Aguilar, owner and head trainer at Sit Means Sit Dog Training Los Angeles, demonstrated a dog attack at the Spring Carrier Annex in Long Beach on Friday.
With 3-year-old Hurricane, a pitbull rescued from hurricane Katrina, and Ajax, a 3-year-old Belgian Malinois, Aguilar showed the proper actions a mail carrier should take if attacked and to avoid being attacked.
"The thing I hope they (carriers) take away from this is that maybe it's something they are doing that is provoking the dogs," Aguilar said.
Carriers should never show fear and use their satchels as a barrier, he said.
"Also, be aware of your surroundings. You get comfortable, and you put yourself at risk. You never know what's going on and the more distracted you are, the less you are aware of your surroundings."
But, it's not just carriers who need to be alert.
"I think owners need to be aware, take responsibility and take an active role in educating their dogs," said Aguilar. "A dog has a mind and can think and learn different things. They can think to do right or wrong. If we just leave them in the yard then they are going to do wrong. Everybody wants to call them their baby, but nobody wants to take an active role in teaching them right from wrong."
http://wn.com/Postal_Demonstration_Los_Angeles_Dog_Training
THE LONG BEACH PRESS TELEGRAM
More than 4.7 million people are attacked and bitten by dogs each year. Because thousands of those victims are letter carriers, the U.S. Postal Service and some officials have decided to bite back.
Under the watchful eyes of about 100 postal workers, Luciano "Lucky" Aguilar, owner and head trainer at Sit Means Sit Dog Training Los Angeles, demonstrated a dog attack at the Spring Carrier Annex in Long Beach on Friday.
With 3-year-old Hurricane, a pitbull rescued from hurricane Katrina, and Ajax, a 3-year-old Belgian Malinois, Aguilar showed the proper actions a mail carrier should take if attacked and to avoid being attacked.
"The thing I hope they (carriers) take away from this is that maybe it's something they are doing that is provoking the dogs," Aguilar said.
Carriers should never show fear and use their satchels as a barrier, he said.
"Also, be aware of your surroundings. You get comfortable, and you put yourself at risk. You never know what's going on and the more distracted you are, the less you are aware of your surroundings."
But, it's not just carriers who need to be alert.
"I think owners need to be aware, take responsibility and take an active role in educating their dogs," said Aguilar. "A dog has a mind and can think and learn different things. They can think to do right or wrong. If we just leave them in the yard then they are going to do wrong. Everybody wants to call them their baby, but nobody wants to take an active role in teaching them right from wrong."
- published: 15 Jun 2010
- views: 447
- author: postaltexan
Flat Sequencing Sorter - United States Postal Service
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:47
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
When I recorded this video, in September 2010, the Flat Sequencing Sorter was still relatively new for the United States Postal Service. So, what you see in this video are newly installed (and being installed) units that are still in the test phase and not processing mail. The main idea for these particular machines is to process and sequence "flats" - magazines and similarly sized envelopes that are not normally sequenced by other equipment. The Flat Sequencing Sorters, I'm told, cost nearly $10 million each - but that cost probably includes all the infrastructure and other support that needed to be upgraded to accommodate these massive machines.
Here's my personal webpage about the Postal Service:
http://www.rogerwendell.com/postal.html
09/27/2010
http://wn.com/Flat_Sequencing_Sorter_United_States_Postal_Service
When I recorded this video, in September 2010, the Flat Sequencing Sorter was still relatively new for the United States Postal Service. So, what you see in this video are newly installed (and being installed) units that are still in the test phase and not processing mail. The main idea for these particular machines is to process and sequence "flats" - magazines and similarly sized envelopes that are not normally sequenced by other equipment. The Flat Sequencing Sorters, I'm told, cost nearly $10 million each - but that cost probably includes all the infrastructure and other support that needed to be upgraded to accommodate these massive machines.
Here's my personal webpage about the Postal Service:
http://www.rogerwendell.com/postal.html
09/27/2010
- published: 05 Oct 2010
- views: 3245
- author: postaltexan
Ergonomic/Hydraulic tray shelf damper for the Flat Sequencing Sorter
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:48
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
When I recorded this video, in September 2010, the Flat Sequencing Sorter was still relatively new for the United States Postal Service. This particular tray shelf has a hydraulic damper for a better ergonomic "fit" for operators who have to load and unload trays and shelves all shift long.
Here's my personal webpage about the Postal Service: http://www.rogerwendell.com/postal.html
09/27/2010
http://wn.com/Ergonomic_Hydraulic_tray_shelf_damper_for_the_Flat_Sequencing_Sorter
When I recorded this video, in September 2010, the Flat Sequencing Sorter was still relatively new for the United States Postal Service. This particular tray shelf has a hydraulic damper for a better ergonomic "fit" for operators who have to load and unload trays and shelves all shift long.
Here's my personal webpage about the Postal Service: http://www.rogerwendell.com/postal.html
09/27/2010
- published: 05 Oct 2010
- views: 473
- author: postaltexan
Strapping letter trays
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:09
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
This is one of many methods the United States Postal Services uses to strap trays filled with letters that are ready for transportation. I've always found automated industrial methods very interesting!
Here's my personal webpage about the Postal Service:
http://www.rogerwendell.com/postal.html
08-31-2010
http://wn.com/Strapping_letter_trays
This is one of many methods the United States Postal Services uses to strap trays filled with letters that are ready for transportation. I've always found automated industrial methods very interesting!
Here's my personal webpage about the Postal Service:
http://www.rogerwendell.com/postal.html
08-31-2010
- published: 05 Oct 2010
- views: 153
- author: postaltexan
United States Postal Service Boeing 727-51C Arriving LAX
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:08
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
N435EX (cn 19288/389)
This 1967 classic was delivered to Northwest as N497US. Seen here operating for the US Postal Service (in the old colors) by Ryan International Airlines.
She went on to serve in Australia for HeavyLift Cargo Airlines as 9L-LEK.
Shot by my friend Craig Pilkington (Aviation Media ©).
Edited / uploaded by me with the kind permission of Aviation Media ©
http://wn.com/United_States_Postal_Service_Boeing_727-51C_Arriving_LAX
N435EX (cn 19288/389)
This 1967 classic was delivered to Northwest as N497US. Seen here operating for the US Postal Service (in the old colors) by Ryan International Airlines.
She went on to serve in Australia for HeavyLift Cargo Airlines as 9L-LEK.
Shot by my friend Craig Pilkington (Aviation Media ©).
Edited / uploaded by me with the kind permission of Aviation Media ©
- published: 27 Oct 2010
- views: 1732
- author: postaltexan
19 USPS "I Am" Campaign
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:46
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Matthew S. Nagy
BRONZE
2010 TIVA DC Peer Award
Internal Communications (under $25K)
Uploaded with permission
http://wn.com/19_USPS_I_Am_Campaign
Matthew S. Nagy
BRONZE
2010 TIVA DC Peer Award
Internal Communications (under $25K)
Uploaded with permission
- published: 19 Dec 2010
- views: 73
- author: postaltexan
USPIS behind the scenes at the National Convention
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:46
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
U.S. Postal Inspection Service: Behind the scenes of the National Convention
http://wn.com/USPIS_behind_the_scenes_at_the_National_Convention
U.S. Postal Inspection Service: Behind the scenes of the National Convention
- published: 15 Mar 2011
- views: 724
- author: postaltexan
USPS Rising Fuel Commercial
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:31
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/USPS_Rising_Fuel_Commercial
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Mailman Sings
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:02
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Enjoying some music at work our postal idol may have some big dreams
http://wn.com/Mailman_Sings
Enjoying some music at work our postal idol may have some big dreams
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 1422
- author: postaltexan
Mail lady goes postal
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:27
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Video from my CCTV system. She wasn't happy about the trash can being in front of my mailbox.
For the record:
1) I was not home when this happened
2) the 'panning' video was done in post-editing (digitally)
3) I put the full cans on the other side of the driveway, not on the street
4) The trash people put the empty can in front of the mailbox.
http://wn.com/Mail_lady_goes_postal
Video from my CCTV system. She wasn't happy about the trash can being in front of my mailbox.
For the record:
1) I was not home when this happened
2) the 'panning' video was done in post-editing (digitally)
3) I put the full cans on the other side of the driveway, not on the street
4) The trash people put the empty can in front of the mailbox.
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 54718
- author: postaltexan
Half-Mast
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:08
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Two postal workers, Darrel and Dolan, enjoy their Federal day off. For more daily content, check out Black20.com!
http://wn.com/Half-Mast
Two postal workers, Darrel and Dolan, enjoy their Federal day off. For more daily content, check out Black20.com!
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 134506
- author: postaltexan
mail lady
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:30
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
taping the mail lady of course
http://wn.com/mail_lady
Shadow, hanging out in his Jeep.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:22
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Shadow, my 10-year old Black Lab rides along with me while I deliver the mail. The public love him.
http://wn.com/Shadow,_hanging_out_in_his_Jeep
Shadow, my 10-year old Black Lab rides along with me while I deliver the mail. The public love him.
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 891
- author: postaltexan
Postal Worker Cuttin Some Rug at the Post Office!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:16
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A real active and crazy guy for a 51y
http://wn.com/Postal_Worker_Cuttin_Some_Rug_at_the_Post_Office!
Mailman leaves me more than the mail...
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:35
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
What do you think is happening here? Turn up the sound, and ignore the annoying wind chimes...
UPDATE 05/28/2008: Adding comments has been allowed again because the legal proceedings on this case have finished. The postal worker in this video admitted to peeing on my house and was fired very soon after this incident and has spent the last 16 months going through various legal proceedings to get his job back on that basis that "there is no stated rule against this kind of conduct". On 5/25/2008 the Aribtrator ruled that his termination was justified.
http://wn.com/Mailman_leaves_me_more_than_the_mail
What do you think is happening here? Turn up the sound, and ignore the annoying wind chimes...
UPDATE 05/28/2008: Adding comments has been allowed again because the legal proceedings on this case have finished. The postal worker in this video admitted to peeing on my house and was fired very soon after this incident and has spent the last 16 months going through various legal proceedings to get his job back on that basis that "there is no stated rule against this kind of conduct". On 5/25/2008 the Aribtrator ruled that his termination was justified.
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 149567
- author: postaltexan
Dumb Ass Mailman
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:40
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
mailman in a cart stuck in water
http://wn.com/Dumb_Ass_Mailman
Tropical Storm Fay can't stop the USPS.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:24
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The USPS rolls on despite flooding in Palm Bay, Florida.
http://wn.com/Tropical_Storm_Fay_can't_stop_the_USPS
The USPS rolls on despite flooding in Palm Bay, Florida.
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 1668
- author: postaltexan
MAIL TRUCK RUNAWAY
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:55
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
One in a million chance-
He is one lucky shit
LLV gets away from him---
Scenic Byways Medicine Wheel Passage Scenic Byway Big Horn Scenic Byway Cloud Peak Skyway Scenic Byway Centennial Scenic Byway Beartooth Scenic Byway Chief Joseph Scenic Byway Buffalo Bill Cody Scenic Byway Snowy Range Scenic Byway Mirror Lake Scenic Byway Flaming Gorge - Green River Basin Scenic Byway Wind River Canyon Scenic Byway Wyoming Scenic Backways South Big Horn/Red Wall Scenic Backway Seminoe-Alcova Scenic Backway Red Gulch/Alkali Scenic Backway Big Spring Scenic Backway http://gf.state.wy.us/ Record Book Species Score Rank Location Year taken World Record Black Bear 21 15/16 58 Lincoln Co. 1976 23 10/16 Grizzly Bear* 25 10/16 77 Western Wyoming 1961 27 2/16 Mt. Lion 16 1/16 3 Park County 1993 16 4/16 Elk 441 6/8 3 Big Horn Mountains 1890 442 5/8 Mule Deer typical 217 2 Hoback Canyon 1925 226 4/8 Mule Deer Non-typical 293 7/8 29 Albany County 1924 355 2/8 White-tail typical 191 5/8 68 Albany County 1986 333 7/8 Moose 205 4/8 1 Green River Lakes 1952 205 4/8 Pronghorn Antelope 91 9 Carbon County 1964,1967 93 4/8 Bighorn Sheep 200 20 Wind Rivers 1883 208 1/8
http://wn.com/MAIL_TRUCK_RUNAWAY
One in a million chance-
He is one lucky shit
LLV gets away from him---
Scenic Byways Medicine Wheel Passage Scenic Byway Big Horn Scenic Byway Cloud Peak Skyway Scenic Byway Centennial Scenic Byway Beartooth Scenic Byway Chief Joseph Scenic Byway Buffalo Bill Cody Scenic Byway Snowy Range Scenic Byway Mirror Lake Scenic Byway Flaming Gorge - Green River Basin Scenic Byway Wind River Canyon Scenic Byway Wyoming Scenic Backways South Big Horn/Red Wall Scenic Backway Seminoe-Alcova Scenic Backway Red Gulch/Alkali Scenic Backway Big Spring Scenic Backway http://gf.state.wy.us/ Record Book Species Score Rank Location Year taken World Record Black Bear 21 15/16 58 Lincoln Co. 1976 23 10/16 Grizzly Bear* 25 10/16 77 Western Wyoming 1961 27 2/16 Mt. Lion 16 1/16 3 Park County 1993 16 4/16 Elk 441 6/8 3 Big Horn Mountains 1890 442 5/8 Mule Deer typical 217 2 Hoback Canyon 1925 226 4/8 Mule Deer Non-typical 293 7/8 29 Albany County 1924 355 2/8 White-tail typical 191 5/8 68 Albany County 1986 333 7/8 Moose 205 4/8 1 Green River Lakes 1952 205 4/8 Pronghorn Antelope 91 9 Carbon County 1964,1967 93 4/8 Bighorn Sheep 200 20 Wind Rivers 1883 208 1/8
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 41441
- author: postaltexan
unlucky mailman
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:07
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
dont give her mail
http://wn.com/unlucky_mailman
Seinfeld-Newman and the post office
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:33
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
George and Jerry ask Newman why the a postal worker go POSTAL
http://wn.com/Seinfeld-Newman_and_the_post_office
George and Jerry ask Newman why the a postal worker go POSTAL
- published: 30 Sep 2008
- views: 99153
- author: postaltexan
POSTAL TRUCK RUNS AMUCK
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:00
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Postal truck makes a u-turn and driver falls out. Mail carrier can be seen chasing the truck in the top right corner of video. The truck rolls over into creek. Rumor has it that she was fired after lying about circumstances leading up to the accident.She was not seriously injured. Just wear your seatbelts please
http://wn.com/POSTAL_TRUCK_RUNS_AMUCK
Postal truck makes a u-turn and driver falls out. Mail carrier can be seen chasing the truck in the top right corner of video. The truck rolls over into creek. Rumor has it that she was fired after lying about circumstances leading up to the accident.She was not seriously injured. Just wear your seatbelts please
- published: 05 Jun 2010
- views: 15013
- author: postaltexan
Turkey Chasing Mail Truck
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:25
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Was outside my sisters house and saw a wild turkey chasing this mail truck.
http://wn.com/Turkey_Chasing_Mail_Truck
Was outside my sisters house and saw a wild turkey chasing this mail truck.
- published: 05 Jun 2010
- views: 29933
- author: postaltexan
Drifting Mail Truck
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:12
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Look at the mail truck go in the snow! It made about 7 attempts to get up this snowy hill! This is it's final one!!!
http://wn.com/Drifting_Mail_Truck
Look at the mail truck go in the snow! It made about 7 attempts to get up this snowy hill! This is it's final one!!!
- published: 05 Jun 2010
- views: 3303
- author: postaltexan
A USPS Rural Carrier throwing packages in Rio Rancho, NM
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:16
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A rural route mail carrier caught throwing packages as she delivers them. More to come believe me! USPS doesn't care either.
http://wn.com/A_USPS_Rural_Carrier_throwing_packages_in_Rio_Rancho,_NM
A rural route mail carrier caught throwing packages as she delivers them. More to come believe me! USPS doesn't care either.
- published: 05 Jun 2010
- views: 6124
- author: postaltexan
Mail Man Jerk
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Mail carrier could not avoid my trash bin.
http://wn.com/Mail_Man_Jerk
What recession??!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:46
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
What can turn a decent day for a rural mail carrier into a crappy one real quick??? Having to play santa 3 weeks before christmas, lol!!!
http://wn.com/What_recession??!!
What can turn a decent day for a rural mail carrier into a crappy one real quick??? Having to play santa 3 weeks before christmas, lol!!!
- published: 15 Jun 2010
- views: 270
- author: postaltexan
The Good Humor Mail Carrier
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:26
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A mail carrier with a truck that plays ice cream truck music.
http://wn.com/The_Good_Humor_Mail_Carrier
A mail carrier with a truck that plays ice cream truck music.
- published: 15 Jun 2010
- views: 1794
- author: postaltexan
Turkeys Attack Mailman
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:51
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A Grand Haven, Mich. mail carrier carries a piece of wood while on his daily route due to fear of another turkey attack. WWMT's Carolyn Wyllie reports.
http://wn.com/Turkeys_Attack_Mailman
A Grand Haven, Mich. mail carrier carries a piece of wood while on his daily route due to fear of another turkey attack. WWMT's Carolyn Wyllie reports.
- published: 15 Jun 2010
- views: 49137
- author: postaltexan
USPS: WE ARE THE UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:58
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
CONCEPT AND IDEA AND FILMED
BY
ALBERT VALENZUELA
USPS LETTER CARRIER
SAN JOSE CA.
SPECIAL THANKS TO THE LETTER CARRIERS THAT
PARTICIPATED IN THE MAKING OF THIS
VIDEO
http://wn.com/USPS_WE_ARE_THE_UNITED_STATES_POSTAL_SERVICE
CONCEPT AND IDEA AND FILMED
BY
ALBERT VALENZUELA
USPS LETTER CARRIER
SAN JOSE CA.
SPECIAL THANKS TO THE LETTER CARRIERS THAT
PARTICIPATED IN THE MAKING OF THIS
VIDEO
- published: 15 Jun 2010
- views: 1075
- author: postaltexan
Vince Oliver breaks it down
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:29
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Vince Oliver raps about his life as a letter carrier. From the Documentary "Albino Brown in Liberace's Shoes" 1994
http://wn.com/Vince_Oliver_breaks_it_down
Vince Oliver raps about his life as a letter carrier. From the Documentary "Albino Brown in Liberace's Shoes" 1994
- published: 15 Jun 2010
- views: 197
- author: postaltexan
UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE IS NOW THE UNITED STATES PARCEL SERVICE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:12
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
WE DO MORE THAN DELIVER LETTERS. WE HIT EVERY HOME AND EVERY BUSINESS 6 DAYS A WEEK. WE HANDLE AN UNBELIEVABLE AMOUNT OF MAIL EACH DAY. WE ARE ALSO A PARCEL DELIVERY SERVICE THAT CAN BEAT THE PRICE OF UPS OR FED EX. GO TO WWW.USPS.COM FOR MORE INFORMATION
CONCEPT AND IDEA BY
ALBERT VALENZUELA
APRIL 24 2010
http://wn.com/UNITED_STATES_POSTAL_SERVICE_IS_NOW_THE_UNITED_STATES_PARCEL_SERVICE
WE DO MORE THAN DELIVER LETTERS. WE HIT EVERY HOME AND EVERY BUSINESS 6 DAYS A WEEK. WE HANDLE AN UNBELIEVABLE AMOUNT OF MAIL EACH DAY. WE ARE ALSO A PARCEL DELIVERY SERVICE THAT CAN BEAT THE PRICE OF UPS OR FED EX. GO TO WWW.USPS.COM FOR MORE INFORMATION
CONCEPT AND IDEA BY
ALBERT VALENZUELA
APRIL 24 2010
- published: 15 Jun 2010
- views: 829
- author: postaltexan
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Average day in NYC
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:42
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
On an average day in NYC, Siemens assists 300,000 airline passengers at all 3 metro airports, Siemens Traffic Solutions will help transport 1.3 million commuters, Siemens helps move 4.5 million subway riders and controls the world's largest 24/7 subway system, Siemens IT helps the world's best brands stay popular, Siemens Water Technologies purifies NYC's water, and Siemens Postal Automation sorts and delivers mail to 8 million New Yorkers.
http://wn.com/Average_day_in_NYC
On an average day in NYC, Siemens assists 300,000 airline passengers at all 3 metro airports, Siemens Traffic Solutions will help transport 1.3 million commuters, Siemens helps move 4.5 million subway riders and controls the world's largest 24/7 subway system, Siemens IT helps the world's best brands stay popular, Siemens Water Technologies purifies NYC's water, and Siemens Postal Automation sorts and delivers mail to 8 million New Yorkers.
- published: 04 Oct 2010
- views: 129
- author: p1800valker
Test deck being run through a Delivery Bar Code Sorter (DBCS)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:54
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
This is a "Phase II" model 994 Delivery Bar Code Sorter (DBCS) used by the United States Postal Service throughout the United States. This is their most basic sorting device as it takes mail that has already received a bar code and gives it a greater depth of sort - right down to your letter carrier on his or her delivery route.
At the time of this recording there were nearly 600 sites using various phases and versions of the DBCS - my guess is there were easily a few thousand of these machines in use before the Postal Service started to downsize in the late 2000s. Each machine averaged about 30,000 pieces of mail per hour (depending on the length and thickness of the individual mail pieces), thus requiring a hefty amount of preventive maintenance each day. In this case the technician has placed a "test deck" in the machine's feeder to ensure accuracy of sortation and other adjustments. Normally, during the middle of the night, when most of the sortation takes place, there would hundreds of feet of "real" mail to run through the machine during a regular shift.
Also at the time of this recording the Postal Service was using a "Phase 6" model that was the newest design but still looked pretty much like the 15-year-old phase II you see in this video. Also, this particular machine was manufactured by ElectroCom Automation but the Postal Service purchased similar equipment from Siemens, Pitney Bowes, and other manufactures at different times from the early 80s through the 2000s.
Here's a link to my personal web page about the Postal Service:
http://www.rogerwendell.com/postal.html
03-13-2009
http://wn.com/Test_deck_being_run_through_a_Delivery_Bar_Code_Sorter_DBCS
This is a "Phase II" model 994 Delivery Bar Code Sorter (DBCS) used by the United States Postal Service throughout the United States. This is their most basic sorting device as it takes mail that has already received a bar code and gives it a greater depth of sort - right down to your letter carrier on his or her delivery route.
At the time of this recording there were nearly 600 sites using various phases and versions of the DBCS - my guess is there were easily a few thousand of these machines in use before the Postal Service started to downsize in the late 2000s. Each machine averaged about 30,000 pieces of mail per hour (depending on the length and thickness of the individual mail pieces), thus requiring a hefty amount of preventive maintenance each day. In this case the technician has placed a "test deck" in the machine's feeder to ensure accuracy of sortation and other adjustments. Normally, during the middle of the night, when most of the sortation takes place, there would hundreds of feet of "real" mail to run through the machine during a regular shift.
Also at the time of this recording the Postal Service was using a "Phase 6" model that was the newest design but still looked pretty much like the 15-year-old phase II you see in this video. Also, this particular machine was manufactured by ElectroCom Automation but the Postal Service purchased similar equipment from Siemens, Pitney Bowes, and other manufactures at different times from the early 80s through the 2000s.
Here's a link to my personal web page about the Postal Service:
http://www.rogerwendell.com/postal.html
03-13-2009
- published: 04 Oct 2010
- views: 9378
- author: p1800valker
Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors and Processing M...
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:44
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Career Information Video:Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors and Processing Machine Operators
Source: http://lwd.state.nj.us/labor/index.shtml
http://wn.com/Postal_Service_Mail_Sorters,_Processors_and_Processing_M
Career Information Video:Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors and Processing Machine Operators
Source: http://lwd.state.nj.us/labor/index.shtml
- published: 04 Oct 2010
- views: 5707
- author: p1800valker
Internet Mail Order Small Parcel Sorter System
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:31
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Design Industry Sorter by Solid Rock LLC. Includes 15 lanes and 31 possible sort routes.
http://wn.com/Internet_Mail_Order_Small_Parcel_Sorter_System
Design Industry Sorter by Solid Rock LLC. Includes 15 lanes and 31 possible sort routes.
- published: 04 Oct 2010
- views: 4373
- author: p1800valker
Ever wonder how mail is sorted?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:46
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Ever wonder what happens to your letter after you drop it in a mailbox? Find out with JSOnline's tour of the mail sorting center.
http://wn.com/Ever_wonder_how_mail_is_sorted?
Ever wonder what happens to your letter after you drop it in a mailbox? Find out with JSOnline's tour of the mail sorting center.
- published: 04 Oct 2010
- views: 49581
- author: p1800valker
The Journey of a Letter at Australia Post
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:16
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The Journey of a Letter provides an informative and fun look at what happens to mail from the time it is posted until it arrives at its final destination.
http://wn.com/The_Journey_of_a_Letter_at_Australia_Post
The Journey of a Letter provides an informative and fun look at what happens to mail from the time it is posted until it arrives at its final destination.
- published: 04 Oct 2010
- views: 18146
- author: p1800valker
Processing Mail, 1950s
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:14
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
902010, 1950s, prosessing, culling, sorting, U.S. mail., http://www.myfootage.com/details.php?gid=58&sgid;=&pid;=17917
http://wn.com/Processing_Mail,_1950s
902010, 1950s, prosessing, culling, sorting, U.S. mail., http://www.myfootage.com/details.php?gid=58&sgid;=&pid;=17917
- published: 04 Oct 2010
- views: 632
- author: p1800valker
OPEX EAGLE From The Envelope
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:07
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
OPEX EAGLE - Mail opening, extraction, capture and processing at 4 transactions per second. Zero Touch Processing from the envelope for Clean Mail Payment Processing
http://wn.com/OPEX_EAGLE_From_The_Envelope
OPEX EAGLE - Mail opening, extraction, capture and processing at 4 transactions per second. Zero Touch Processing from the envelope for Clean Mail Payment Processing
- published: 04 Oct 2010
- views: 2127
- author: p1800valker
Postal Cancelling and Facing Machines, 1950s
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:57
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
902010, 1950s, United States Post Office, postal cancelling and facing machine, letter canceller and facer, automated machines, letter sorting., http://www.myfootage.com/details.php?gid=58&sgid;=&pid;=17919
http://wn.com/Postal_Cancelling_and_Facing_Machines,_1950s
902010, 1950s, United States Post Office, postal cancelling and facing machine, letter canceller and facer, automated machines, letter sorting., http://www.myfootage.com/details.php?gid=58&sgid;=&pid;=17919
- published: 04 Oct 2010
- views: 1397
- author: p1800valker
How the U.S. Postal Service Works
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:27
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Have you ever wondered what happens to a piece of mail once you drop it off at a post office? Find out in this HowStuffWorks video! Credits: , HowStuffWorks
http://wn.com/How_the_US_Postal_Service_Works
Have you ever wondered what happens to a piece of mail once you drop it off at a post office? Find out in this HowStuffWorks video! Credits: , HowStuffWorks
- published: 04 Oct 2010
- views: 79570
- author: p1800valker
Post Office, Mail Sorting, 1950s
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
902010, 1950s, United States Post Office, mail flow system, sorting mail process., http://www.myfootage.com/details.php?gid=58&sgid;=&pid;=17923
http://wn.com/Post_Office,_Mail_Sorting,_1950s
902010, 1950s, United States Post Office, mail flow system, sorting mail process., http://www.myfootage.com/details.php?gid=58&sgid;=&pid;=17923
- published: 05 Oct 2010
- views: 3767
- author: p1800valker
Postal Report To The Nation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Postal Report To The Nation 1950s, http://www.myfootage.com/details.php?gid=0&sgid;=&pid;=17428
http://wn.com/Postal_Report_To_The_Nation
Postal Report To The Nation 1950s, http://www.myfootage.com/details.php?gid=0&sgid;=&pid;=17428
- published: 05 Oct 2010
- views: 66
- author: p1800valker
USPS FSS - Promo Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:47
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Promo video for the Flat Sequencing System. Obtained from the RIBBS website at http://ribbs.usps.gov/
http://wn.com/USPS_FSS_Promo_Video
Promo video for the Flat Sequencing System. Obtained from the RIBBS website at http://ribbs.usps.gov/
- published: 05 Oct 2010
- views: 26286
- author: p1800valker
Flat Sorter Sequencing maching
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:32
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
New Flat Sorter Sequencing(FSS) machine at the Norman OK facility.
http://wn.com/Flat_Sorter_Sequencing_maching
New Flat Sorter Sequencing(FSS) machine at the Norman OK facility.
- published: 05 Oct 2010
- views: 5885
- author: p1800valker
Flats canceling machine - United States Postal Service
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:13
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
"Flats" are pretty much anything that isn't a regular letter or a parcel - usually magazines and envelopes of that size are considered "flats" in the world of mail processing. Since flats are a different size it takes different kinds of machinery to handle and process them. In this video you're looking at a really old-style flats canceler that's been retrofitted with more modern electronics and an ink-jet spray head as opposed to the old die-and-hub system that was used for decades. When ever I learn the name of this hybrid I'll post it here!
Here's my personal webpage about the Postal Serivce:
http://www.rogerwendell.com/postal.html
http://wn.com/Flats_canceling_machine_United_States_Postal_Service
"Flats" are pretty much anything that isn't a regular letter or a parcel - usually magazines and envelopes of that size are considered "flats" in the world of mail processing. Since flats are a different size it takes different kinds of machinery to handle and process them. In this video you're looking at a really old-style flats canceler that's been retrofitted with more modern electronics and an ink-jet spray head as opposed to the old die-and-hub system that was used for decades. When ever I learn the name of this hybrid I'll post it here!
Here's my personal webpage about the Postal Serivce:
http://www.rogerwendell.com/postal.html
- published: 05 Oct 2010
- views: 1393
- author: p1800valker
Muppet Christmas: Letters To Santa Trailer - Picking Things Up
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:21
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://disneydvd.disney.go.com/a-muppets-christmas-letters-to-santa.html
In this Muppet Christmas movie scene the Muppets are helping sort letters to Santa when one of them turns up the speed on the mail sorting machine and soon they are being sorted. Muppets Christmas is now available in extended edition on Disney DVD.
http://wn.com/Muppet_Christmas_Letters_To_Santa_Trailer_Picking_Things_Up
http://disneydvd.disney.go.com/a-muppets-christmas-letters-to-santa.html
In this Muppet Christmas movie scene the Muppets are helping sort letters to Santa when one of them turns up the speed on the mail sorting machine and soon they are being sorted. Muppets Christmas is now available in extended edition on Disney DVD.
- published: 05 Oct 2010
- views: 13183
- author: p1800valker
Machineable Mail Advisor Video 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:31
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/Machineable_Mail_Advisor_Video_2
Seinfeld-Newman and the post office
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:33
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
George and Jerry ask Newman why the a postal worker go POSTAL
http://wn.com/Seinfeld-Newman_and_the_post_office
George and Jerry ask Newman why the a postal worker go POSTAL
- published: 05 Oct 2010
- views: 99155
- author: p1800valker
I'd like to cancel my mail
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:00
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Kramer proves the post office is useless.
http://wn.com/I'd_like_to_cancel_my_mail
4:10
The Great Postal Heist
JUNE 25TH 2012 - WASHINGTON DC
HUNGER STRIKE TO SAVE THE POST OFFICE
JOIN CITIZENS AND WOR...
published: 22 Sep 2011
author: ThePrimeSpotcom
The Great Postal Heist
JUNE 25TH 2012 - WASHINGTON DC
HUNGER STRIKE TO SAVE THE POST OFFICE
JOIN CITIZENS AND WORKERS TO DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS AND SAVE THE US POSTAL SERVICE.
- published: 22 Sep 2011
- views: 22954
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
0:51
Save America's Postal Service
...
published: 27 Sep 2011
author: ThePrimeSpotcom
Save America's Postal Service
- published: 27 Sep 2011
- views: 3768
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
5:28
There's still time! Mail it EXPRESS 1-800-ask-USPS
EXPRESS MAIL is the United States Postal Service's great deal! FLAT RATE is good, too. H...
published: 28 Sep 2011
author: ThePrimeSpotcom
There's still time! Mail it EXPRESS 1-800-ask-USPS
EXPRESS MAIL is the United States Postal Service's great deal! FLAT RATE is good, too. HURRY
Visit SaveAmericasPostalService.org
DISCLAIMER:
Soundtrack provided by youTube's Audio Swap. This video was made by a part-time regular Letter Carrier. It has NOT been authorized by the USPS.gov who provides the GREATEST DEALS In America: The First Class Letter AND Express Mail! C.O.D. anybody?
Any ads you see underneath this video are Not Approved by ThePrimeSpot.com or the USPS.
IMPO: In my personal opinion: SATURDAY delivery is convenient for American People and Working Class AT HOME on the weekend TO SIGN FOR MAIL and ACCEPT LARGE PACKAGES instead of getting an attempt and "pickup notice" two days later - on Monday! I also believe I personally can create NEW JOBS within the Postal Service so there should be NO need for layoffs! The Country wants to CREATE JOBS - why not REcreate and REtain instead of adding to the Unemployment Line?
KaRi ThePrimeSpot.com Long Beach, California
- published: 28 Sep 2011
- views: 1356
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
0:35
Raleigh Save Postal Service Rally
Postal unions and allies...
published: 28 Sep 2011
author: ThePrimeSpotcom
Raleigh Save Postal Service Rally
Postal unions and allies
- published: 28 Sep 2011
- views: 48
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
1:27
How the U.S. Postal Service Works
Have you ever wondered what happens to a piece of mail once you drop it off at a post offi...
published: 28 Sep 2011
author: ThePrimeSpotcom
How the U.S. Postal Service Works
Have you ever wondered what happens to a piece of mail once you drop it off at a post office? Find out in this HowStuffWorks video! Credits: , HowStuffWorks
- published: 28 Sep 2011
- views: 79570
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
2:02
VOTE HR 1351 Save the U.S. Postal Service
Demonstrators at Rep Erik Paulsen's Office in Eden Prairie, Minnesota
http://postalemploy...
published: 28 Sep 2011
author: ThePrimeSpotcom
VOTE HR 1351 Save the U.S. Postal Service
Demonstrators at Rep Erik Paulsen's Office in Eden Prairie, Minnesota
http://postalemployeenetwork.com/news/2011/09/h-r-1351-gains-momentum-on-capitol-hill/
- published: 28 Sep 2011
- views: 142
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
4:16
Postal Service A Capella
UCSB Naked Voices singing Postal Service - Such Great Heights at CAF 2006 at UCLA.
I was ...
published: 11 Feb 2007
author: ThePrimeSpotcom
Postal Service A Capella
UCSB Naked Voices singing Postal Service - Such Great Heights at CAF 2006 at UCLA.
I was just in the audience recording this.. but in defense of the group - they really do sound a lot better in person.
- published: 11 Feb 2007
- views: 98361
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
3:04
The Postal Service - The Mail is Here (New Song!!)
The Postal Service new single , "The Mail is Here" The Mail is Here!!! drunk college kids,...
published: 11 Feb 2007
author: ThePrimeSpotcom
The Postal Service - The Mail is Here (New Song!!)
The Postal Service new single , "The Mail is Here" The Mail is Here!!! drunk college kids, cmon. dont you have something better to do. (less)
- published: 11 Feb 2007
- views: 164252
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
7:38
Mail Drop ATV Ride - Hurricane Utah
This was also filmed at the Tristate ATV Jam last March.
This is known as the Mail Drop Lo...
published: 11 Feb 2007
author: ThePrimeSpotcom
Mail Drop ATV Ride - Hurricane Utah
This was also filmed at the Tristate ATV Jam last March.
This is known as the Mail Drop Loop.
The Mail Drop Ride begins in the Elephant Butte area a few miles south and west of the Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park. The routes in this area are primarily sandy two-track roads with a few sections of slickrock sandstone. This area has exceptional beauty and panoramic views of several scenic areas including Zion National Park, the Blocks, Canaan Mountain and Elephant Butte. The ride is named for its proximity to the location where the U.S. mail for residents in the upper Virgin River was let down a 300-foot ledge via a pulley system for several years. unfortunately, motorized vehicles cannot access the actual location.
- published: 11 Feb 2007
- views: 12507
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
1:34
Boston City Hall Speaker 2
Speaker #2 (Paul Kilduff, general president of Boston Metro American Postal Workers Union ...
published: 28 Sep 2011
author: ThePrimeSpotcom
Boston City Hall Speaker 2
Speaker #2 (Paul Kilduff, general president of Boston Metro American Postal Workers Union ??)
Full of energy speaker got great support.
Save America's Postal Service
bullshit - has a second meaning of "very angry"
MVI_7701 Boston City Hall Speaker 2.AVI
- published: 28 Sep 2011
- views: 94
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
1:30
Unlocking the US MAIL Street Letter Box padlock VERY EXCITING!
I just got this off ebay yesterday. It is a rare Street Letter Box Lock and it uses a pus...
published: 11 Feb 2007
author: ThePrimeSpotcom
Unlocking the US MAIL Street Letter Box padlock VERY EXCITING!
I just got this off ebay yesterday. It is a rare Street Letter Box Lock and it uses a push key. It is a 5 lever lock and this is a demonstration
- published: 11 Feb 2007
- views: 12961
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
4:09
The Postal Service - This Place Is A Prison
A music video for the group The Postal Service.
Crazy how long ago I did this!! LOL......
published: 11 Feb 2007
author: ThePrimeSpotcom
The Postal Service - This Place Is A Prison
A music video for the group The Postal Service.
Crazy how long ago I did this!! LOL...
- published: 11 Feb 2007
- views: 819898
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
8:37
Postal Service
surreal short film. a paraody of the world of speed dating and mail-order brides. i did th...
published: 11 Feb 2007
author: ThePrimeSpotcom
Postal Service
surreal short film. a paraody of the world of speed dating and mail-order brides. i did this for my year 12 assignment.
- published: 11 Feb 2007
- views: 604
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
6:52
Rural Post Office Closures
Henry Bellingham MP North West Norfolk discusses rural post office closures with those who...
published: 11 Feb 2007
author: ThePrimeSpotcom
Rural Post Office Closures
Henry Bellingham MP North West Norfolk discusses rural post office closures with those who have been effected.
- published: 11 Feb 2007
- views: 4467
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
Vimeo results:
0:32
United States Postal Service "Angie"
published: 31 Jan 2011
author: Daniel Ames
United States Postal Service "Angie"
0:17
United States Postal Service Kiosk
Created for a pitch for an in-store USPS informational kiosk....
published: 09 Feb 2011
author: Sean Johnson
United States Postal Service Kiosk
Created for a pitch for an in-store USPS informational kiosk.
1:01
The United States Postal Service
Katharine teaches us the importance of sending things certified mail....
published: 13 Feb 2010
author: Meg McGlynn
The United States Postal Service
Katharine teaches us the importance of sending things certified mail.
1:51
The economy's effect on the United States Postal Service
This explores how the recession has affected the mailing business. Not only has the United...
published: 02 Apr 2009
author: MobileMaineNews
The economy's effect on the United States Postal Service
This explores how the recession has affected the mailing business. Not only has the United States Postal Service seen mail volume and revenue drop significantly, UPS and FedEx have seen drops as well. All businesses have explored ways to deal with the crisis, and the USPS is considering moving back delivery to just five days instead of six.
Youtube results:
10:08
Mexican flag raised over post office in Maywood, CA.
Illegal aliens take down the American flag and replaced it with the Mexican flag....
published: 11 Feb 2007
author: ThePrimeSpotcom
Mexican flag raised over post office in Maywood, CA.
Illegal aliens take down the American flag and replaced it with the Mexican flag.
- published: 11 Feb 2007
- views: 77186
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
6:24
U.S. Post Office On Wheels
A quick walk through the shop....
published: 11 Feb 2007
author: ThePrimeSpotcom
U.S. Post Office On Wheels
A quick walk through the shop.
- published: 11 Feb 2007
- views: 2585
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
3:52
Gmod Post office
This video tells about a box that goes to a post office and much further....
published: 11 Feb 2007
author: ThePrimeSpotcom
Gmod Post office
This video tells about a box that goes to a post office and much further.
- published: 11 Feb 2007
- views: 3596
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
1:09
How to go Postal
How to make your own PCB on free postal labels using conductive ink, epoxy and a few parts...
published: 11 Feb 2007
author: ThePrimeSpotcom
How to go Postal
How to make your own PCB on free postal labels using conductive ink, epoxy and a few parts. By PCB I mean, Post-Circuit Board: as in enter the age of circuits painted on walls. And also because its on postage.
Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor law nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their self-appointed rounds. Lets all Go Postal.
Another old project out of the dust bin of 2006 from the Graffiti Research Lab and The Eyebeam OpenLab
- published: 11 Feb 2007
- views: 29736
- author: ThePrimeSpotcom
0:37
United States Postal Workers c.1950s
VS Male US Postal Workers, sorting, routing, using dollies, unloading mail. VS Workers ope...
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
United States Postal Workers c.1950s
VS Male US Postal Workers, sorting, routing, using dollies, unloading mail. VS Workers opening chute above work table, sorting from large mound of letters. CU Pile of letters with worker's sorting. POV, Over the Shoulder shot raising addressed envelope. CU envelope addressed to UNIVERSAL NEWSREEL. Torso, man working mail sorting machine. VS Seated postal workers routing mail / letters into slots.
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 4195
- author: postaltexan
2:34
Railroad postal workers
Interview with retired railroad postal workers....
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
Railroad postal workers
Interview with retired railroad postal workers.
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 395
- author: postaltexan
1:14
Washington DC Streetcar Mail Delivery 1903
This scene shows postal worker awaiting mail to be delivered by streetcar on Pennsylvania ...
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
Washington DC Streetcar Mail Delivery 1903
This scene shows postal worker awaiting mail to be delivered by streetcar on Pennsylvania Ave NW in Washington DC in 1903. The streetcar pulls up, the postal worker picks up the mail and loads into wagon. Williard Hotel can be seen in background. The postal worker then delivers mail to a railcar. Library of Congress
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 3941
- author: postaltexan
0:54
Gymnastic Mailman c.1940s
VS Mailman riding bicycle, doing flips, somersaults, swinging around street sign, cartwhee...
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
Gymnastic Mailman c.1940s
VS Mailman riding bicycle, doing flips, somersaults, swinging around street sign, cartwheels, jumping over mailbox, while delivering mail.c.1940s
"For this and more footage visit: http://www.MyFootage.com"
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 646
- author: postaltexan
0:12
Mailman delivering mail in the mailbox
Archive Footage - Black & White - Mailman delivering mail in the mailbox, waving to pet in...
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
Mailman delivering mail in the mailbox
Archive Footage - Black & White - Mailman delivering mail in the mailbox, waving to pet in the house lawn, man wearing hat coming out of van, going towards the door
"For this and more footage visit: http://www.MyFootage.com"
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 2380
- author: postaltexan
8:42
Nixon Intervenes in Postal Strike
An illegal strike of federal postal employees occurred in March 1970. At the time, the ma...
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
Nixon Intervenes in Postal Strike
An illegal strike of federal postal employees occurred in March 1970. At the time, the mail was delivered by the cabinet Post Office Dept. President Nixon called in troops to handle the mail in New York City, where the strike was most extensive. The eventual deal that resolved the strike converted the Post Office into a federally-owned corporation, the U.S. Postal Service. Workers gained the right to collective bargaining, but not the right to strike. Under the new procedures, compulsory arbitration is used when negotiations lead to an impasse. In other respects, labor relations in the Postal Service are regulated by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), the agency that covers most of the private sector.
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 4731
- author: postaltexan
1:13
Throwing mail into bags, U.S. Post Office
SUMMARY
This film concerns the separation of mail parcels before distribution. A semicircu...
published: 01 Jun 2010
author: postaltexan
Throwing mail into bags, U.S. Post Office
SUMMARY
This film concerns the separation of mail parcels before distribution. A semicircular rack of mail bags, each tagged with a different location, is placed on a set of the interior of a postal building. Two postal employees throw packages of envelopes brought to them by another employee into the marked mail bags.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34976.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 7, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Mail sorting.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 0862 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.0862
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 616
- author: postaltexan
1:12
Clerks casing mail for bags, U.S. Post Office
SUMMARY
The subject is an operation of mail handling called "casing." The camera was place...
published: 01 Jun 2010
author: postaltexan
Clerks casing mail for bags, U.S. Post Office
SUMMARY
The subject is an operation of mail handling called "casing." The camera was placed so that two men can be seen demonstrating the method. The demonstrators, with stacks of letters in their hands, place them in one of many apertures built into a cabinet or "case."
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34972.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 10, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Letter mail handling.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 0861 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.0861
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 1389
- author: postaltexan
1:08
Post man delivering mail, U.S. Post Office
SUMMARY
This film shows the delivery of the U.S. mail, in a rural area. A two-horse vehicl...
published: 01 Jun 2010
author: postaltexan
Post man delivering mail, U.S. Post Office
SUMMARY
This film shows the delivery of the U.S. mail, in a rural area. A two-horse vehicle, with a sign reading "U.S. Mail," appears on the scene. The postal employee gets out of the vehicle and places mail in a standard metal mail box. A woman comes out of her house and removes the mail from the mail box, then buys stamps from the mail carrier as the picture ends.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34984.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 8, 1903 in Washington, DC
SUBJECTS
Letter carriers.
Postal service.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 1019
- author: postaltexan
1:12
Routing mail, U.S. Post Office
SUMMARY
A man dressed in the attire of a U.S. mail carrier is standing in front of a backd...
published: 01 Jun 2010
author: postaltexan
Routing mail, U.S. Post Office
SUMMARY
A man dressed in the attire of a U.S. mail carrier is standing in front of a backdrop painted to represent a projected dimensional schematic of the interior of a post office. The mail carrier is holding a stack of envelopes in his left hand, while with his right hand, he is placing the letters in the pigeonholes of a case especially constructed for the alphabetical sorting of letters. The case, approximately three feet by four feet, is mounted on four legs.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34979.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 7, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Mail sorting.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 0867 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.0867
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 785
- author: postaltexan
1:07
Train taking up mail bag, U.S. Post Office
SUMMARY
The subject of this Postal Department documentary is "snatching" the mail bag from...
published: 01 Jun 2010
author: postaltexan
Train taking up mail bag, U.S. Post Office
SUMMARY
The subject of this Postal Department documentary is "snatching" the mail bag from the suspended post by the railroad mail clerk. As the film begins, a man climbs the steps leading to the device that suspends the mail bag in the air. A train can be seen in the distance approcaching the mail bag. At the end of the film, the mail bag is just being snatched from the suspension device.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 01Oct03; H36399.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed September 21, 1903 in St. Georges, MD.
SUBJECTS
Railway mail service.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 0571 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.0571
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 1913
- author: postaltexan
1:29
Street mail car, U.S. Post Office
SUMMARY
The first scene appears to have been taken on a main thoroughfare of large city. I...
published: 01 Jun 2010
author: postaltexan
Street mail car, U.S. Post Office
SUMMARY
The first scene appears to have been taken on a main thoroughfare of large city. In the immediate foreground is a horse-drawn U.S. mail vehicle waiting at the side of a streetcar track. Soon a streetcar approaches the camera position. It stops beside the mail vehicle and the driver unloads mail sacks from the streetcar. He then puts some sacks from his wagon onto the streetcar. As the film ends, both the streetcar and the horse-drawn mail delivery wagon leave the scene.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34992.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed July 30, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Mail receiving and forwarding services.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 1878 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.1878
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 421
- author: postaltexan
1:08
Transporting Internal Revenue stamps, US Post Office
SUMMARY
The film shows a two-horse postal delivery wagon backed against a ramp, where two ...
published: 01 Jun 2010
author: postaltexan
Transporting Internal Revenue stamps, US Post Office
SUMMARY
The film shows a two-horse postal delivery wagon backed against a ramp, where two men are unloading the contents of the wagon into a delivery chute.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34994.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 5, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Delivery of goods.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 1902 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.1902
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 465
- author: postaltexan
2:15
Carriers at work, U.S. Post Office
SUMMARY
The subject is the handling and sorting of the U.S. mail. The sorting bags and the...
published: 01 Jun 2010
author: postaltexan
Carriers at work, U.S. Post Office
SUMMARY
The subject is the handling and sorting of the U.S. mail. The sorting bags and the alphabetizing pigeonhole equipment are visible in a scene photographed from an altitude of approximately twenty-five feet. The placement of the equipment and its use by the post office personnel can be seen.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34978.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 10, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Mail sorting.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 1432
- author: postaltexan
Vimeo results:
0:32
United States Postal Service "Angie"
published: 31 Jan 2011
author: Daniel Ames
United States Postal Service "Angie"
0:17
United States Postal Service Kiosk
Created for a pitch for an in-store USPS informational kiosk....
published: 09 Feb 2011
author: Sean Johnson
United States Postal Service Kiosk
Created for a pitch for an in-store USPS informational kiosk.
1:01
The United States Postal Service
Katharine teaches us the importance of sending things certified mail....
published: 13 Feb 2010
author: Meg McGlynn
The United States Postal Service
Katharine teaches us the importance of sending things certified mail.
1:51
The economy's effect on the United States Postal Service
This explores how the recession has affected the mailing business. Not only has the United...
published: 02 Apr 2009
author: MobileMaineNews
The economy's effect on the United States Postal Service
This explores how the recession has affected the mailing business. Not only has the United States Postal Service seen mail volume and revenue drop significantly, UPS and FedEx have seen drops as well. All businesses have explored ways to deal with the crisis, and the USPS is considering moving back delivery to just five days instead of six.
Youtube results:
0:55
Clerks tying up for bags, U.S. Post Office
SUMMARY
The film shows two postal employees as they tie into bundles stacks of letters the...
published: 01 Jun 2010
author: postaltexan
Clerks tying up for bags, U.S. Post Office
SUMMARY
The film shows two postal employees as they tie into bundles stacks of letters they have just removed from a destination "case."
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34977.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 7, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Letter mail handling.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 1387 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.1387
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 589
- author: postaltexan
1:11
Tying up bags for train, U.S. Post Office
SUMMARY
The camera shows the action of two postal employees as they remove mail sacks from...
published: 01 Jun 2010
author: postaltexan
Tying up bags for train, U.S. Post Office
SUMMARY
The camera shows the action of two postal employees as they remove mail sacks from the semicircular rack where they are placed so they can be filled with mail for their respective locations. The two postal employees stack the mail sacks on a cart in preparation for dispatch elsewhere.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34971.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 7, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Letter mail handling.
Postal service--Employees.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 1050 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.1050
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 294
- author: postaltexan
1:14
Buying stamps from Rural Wagon, U.S. Post Office
SUMMARY
The film shows a man carrying a mail sack. He climbs the stairs of a front porch, ...
published: 01 Jun 2010
author: postaltexan
Buying stamps from Rural Wagon, U.S. Post Office
SUMMARY
The film shows a man carrying a mail sack. He climbs the stairs of a front porch, rings a doorbell, and a woman comes to the door. The postman hands her something, turns around, and walks down the stairs.
OTHER TITLES
Alternate title: United States Post Office
CREATED/PUBLISHED
United States : American Mutoscope & Biograph Company, 1903.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Augy03; H34985.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed August 10, 1903 in Westminster, MD.
SUBJECTS
Postal service.
Letter carriers--Maryland.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 1044 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.1044
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 225
- author: postaltexan
1:07
Loading mail car, U.S. Post Office
SUMMARY
This film, part of series on the various activities of the Post Office, starts wit...
published: 01 Jun 2010
author: postaltexan
Loading mail car, U.S. Post Office
SUMMARY
This film, part of series on the various activities of the Post Office, starts with a scene of a large railroad mail car on a siding. A horse-drawn, four-wheeled vehicle with a sign "U.S. Mail" on the side proceeds away from the camera toward the mail car. The vehicle stops, the driver gets out, and, as the film ends, he is seen unloading the cart and putting mail bags in the train.
NOTES
Copyright: American Mutoscope & Biograph Company; 22Aug03; H34993.
Cameraman, A. E. Weed.
Filmed July 30, 1903 in Washington, D.C.
SUBJECTS
Railway mail cars.
Actuality--Shorts.
RELATED NAMES
Weed, A. E., camera.
American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.
Paper Print Collection (Library of Congress)
DIGITAL ID
awal 0880 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/awal.0880
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 433
- author: postaltexan
2:32
Postal Service Mail Carriers Job Description
Postal Service Mail Carriers Job Description...
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
Postal Service Mail Carriers Job Description
Postal Service Mail Carriers Job Description
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 10416
- author: postaltexan
1:46
Flats Sequencing System
add'l info at http://www.postalreporter.com/fss.htm...
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
Flats Sequencing System
add'l info at http://www.postalreporter.com/fss.htm
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 45993
- author: postaltexan
8:26
FSS Information
USPS FSS informative video....
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
FSS Information
USPS FSS informative video.
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 40499
- author: postaltexan
0:57
Postal Services Automation
postal services automation...
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
Postal Services Automation
postal services automation
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 15481
- author: postaltexan
3:05
USPS Postal Forum FSS Trailer
FSS video from 2008 USPS Postal Forum. Flats Sequencing System (FSS) developed by Northro...
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
USPS Postal Forum FSS Trailer
FSS video from 2008 USPS Postal Forum. Flats Sequencing System (FSS) developed by Northrop Grumman.
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 9773
- author: postaltexan
8:55
Mark of the Eagle: Episode I
When a letter carrier discovers powerful forces lurking around the cubicles of an ordinary...
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
Mark of the Eagle: Episode I
When a letter carrier discovers powerful forces lurking around the cubicles of an ordinary office building, he must find it in himself to overcome these forces and deliver... no matter what.
Directed by: Matthew Zappile
twitter: @mmzappile
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 20111
- author: postaltexan
7:14
Mark of the Eagle: Episode II
After a narrow escape from the onslaught of office equipment, Ed, the letter carrier, must...
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
Mark of the Eagle: Episode II
After a narrow escape from the onslaught of office equipment, Ed, the letter carrier, must unite the people of this office for one final stand.
Directed by: Matthew Zappile
twitter: @mmzappile
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 5284
- author: postaltexan
1:27
How the U.S. Postal Service Works
Have you ever wondered what happens to a piece of mail once you drop it off at a post offi...
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
How the U.S. Postal Service Works
Have you ever wondered what happens to a piece of mail once you drop it off at a post office? Find out in this HowStuffWorks video! Credits: , HowStuffWorks
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 79570
- author: postaltexan
3:02
Owney the Mail Pouch Pooch
Owney the Dog traveled on U.S. Mail trains in the early 1900s. Owney the Mail Pouch Pooch ...
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
Owney the Mail Pouch Pooch
Owney the Dog traveled on U.S. Mail trains in the early 1900s. Owney the Mail Pouch Pooch is written by Mona Kerby.
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 12134
- author: postaltexan
6:51
Mark of the Eagle: Episode III
Ed must recover the package that the machines have stolen by swapping it with a decoy box....
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
Mark of the Eagle: Episode III
Ed must recover the package that the machines have stolen by swapping it with a decoy box. However, things don't go according to plan.
Directed by: Matthew Zappile
twitter: @mmzappile
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 1672
- author: postaltexan
0:40
USPS Creates Cartoon Characters To Warn Children
The Postal Service eagle is coming to life in full-action animation this summer to warn yo...
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
USPS Creates Cartoon Characters To Warn Children
The Postal Service eagle is coming to life in full-action animation this summer to warn young children to stay away from postal delivery vehicles. The eagle, Franklin, and his sidekick bird friend Benny, are featured in a public service announcement (PSA) being sent to more than 500 television stations nationwide this week to help prevent injuries and deaths caused when children get too close to delivery vehicles.
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 5009
- author: postaltexan
3:21
The Future of USPS -- Interview on Fox Business Channel
U.S. Consumer Postal Council Executive Director Don Soifer is interviewed on Fox Business ...
published: 04 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
The Future of USPS -- Interview on Fox Business Channel
U.S. Consumer Postal Council Executive Director Don Soifer is interviewed on Fox Business Channel
- published: 04 Sep 2008
- views: 10816
- author: postaltexan
4:51
Safety Depends on Me
United States Postal Service Safety video. This could help everyone....
published: 01 Dec 2008
author: postaltexan
Safety Depends on Me
United States Postal Service Safety video. This could help everyone.
- published: 01 Dec 2008
- views: 680
- author: postaltexan
0:35
Providence postal service responds to OSHA fines
The U.S. Postal Service said Sunday the safety of its employees is a "top priority," follo...
published: 03 May 2010
author: postaltexan
Providence postal service responds to OSHA fines
The U.S. Postal Service said Sunday the safety of its employees is a "top priority," following claims of unsafe working conditions at a Providence post office.
- published: 03 May 2010
- views: 125
- author: postaltexan
Vimeo results:
0:32
United States Postal Service "Angie"
published: 31 Jan 2011
author: Daniel Ames
United States Postal Service "Angie"
0:17
United States Postal Service Kiosk
Created for a pitch for an in-store USPS informational kiosk....
published: 09 Feb 2011
author: Sean Johnson
United States Postal Service Kiosk
Created for a pitch for an in-store USPS informational kiosk.
1:01
The United States Postal Service
Katharine teaches us the importance of sending things certified mail....
published: 13 Feb 2010
author: Meg McGlynn
The United States Postal Service
Katharine teaches us the importance of sending things certified mail.
1:51
The economy's effect on the United States Postal Service
This explores how the recession has affected the mailing business. Not only has the United...
published: 02 Apr 2009
author: MobileMaineNews
The economy's effect on the United States Postal Service
This explores how the recession has affected the mailing business. Not only has the United States Postal Service seen mail volume and revenue drop significantly, UPS and FedEx have seen drops as well. All businesses have explored ways to deal with the crisis, and the USPS is considering moving back delivery to just five days instead of six.
Youtube results:
10:21
Sellie Truitt Save Our Saturday Mail Delivery
This is a very unique musi video created by legendary Kansas City, Missouri Jazz Saxaphone...
published: 15 Jun 2010
author: postaltexan
Sellie Truitt Save Our Saturday Mail Delivery
This is a very unique musi video created by legendary Kansas City, Missouri Jazz Saxaphone Player Sellie Truitt Jr. in addition to being a fine musician and composer Sellie Truitt enjoyed a long USPS mail carrier and writer for the letter carriers Viewpoint and the national paper the Postal Record.
- published: 15 Jun 2010
- views: 770
- author: postaltexan
1:15
Postal Demonstration Los Angeles Dog Training
THE LONG BEACH PRESS TELEGRAM
More than 4.7 million people are attacked and bitten by dog...
published: 15 Jun 2010
author: postaltexan
Postal Demonstration Los Angeles Dog Training
THE LONG BEACH PRESS TELEGRAM
More than 4.7 million people are attacked and bitten by dogs each year. Because thousands of those victims are letter carriers, the U.S. Postal Service and some officials have decided to bite back.
Under the watchful eyes of about 100 postal workers, Luciano "Lucky" Aguilar, owner and head trainer at Sit Means Sit Dog Training Los Angeles, demonstrated a dog attack at the Spring Carrier Annex in Long Beach on Friday.
With 3-year-old Hurricane, a pitbull rescued from hurricane Katrina, and Ajax, a 3-year-old Belgian Malinois, Aguilar showed the proper actions a mail carrier should take if attacked and to avoid being attacked.
"The thing I hope they (carriers) take away from this is that maybe it's something they are doing that is provoking the dogs," Aguilar said.
Carriers should never show fear and use their satchels as a barrier, he said.
"Also, be aware of your surroundings. You get comfortable, and you put yourself at risk. You never know what's going on and the more distracted you are, the less you are aware of your surroundings."
But, it's not just carriers who need to be alert.
"I think owners need to be aware, take responsibility and take an active role in educating their dogs," said Aguilar. "A dog has a mind and can think and learn different things. They can think to do right or wrong. If we just leave them in the yard then they are going to do wrong. Everybody wants to call them their baby, but nobody wants to take an active role in teaching them right from wrong."
- published: 15 Jun 2010
- views: 447
- author: postaltexan
1:47
Flat Sequencing Sorter - United States Postal Service
When I recorded this video, in September 2010, the Flat Sequencing Sorter was still relati...
published: 05 Oct 2010
author: postaltexan
Flat Sequencing Sorter - United States Postal Service
When I recorded this video, in September 2010, the Flat Sequencing Sorter was still relatively new for the United States Postal Service. So, what you see in this video are newly installed (and being installed) units that are still in the test phase and not processing mail. The main idea for these particular machines is to process and sequence "flats" - magazines and similarly sized envelopes that are not normally sequenced by other equipment. The Flat Sequencing Sorters, I'm told, cost nearly $10 million each - but that cost probably includes all the infrastructure and other support that needed to be upgraded to accommodate these massive machines.
Here's my personal webpage about the Postal Service:
http://www.rogerwendell.com/postal.html
09/27/2010
- published: 05 Oct 2010
- views: 3245
- author: postaltexan
0:48
Ergonomic/Hydraulic tray shelf damper for the Flat Sequencing Sorter
When I recorded this video, in September 2010, the Flat Sequencing Sorter was still relati...
published: 05 Oct 2010
author: postaltexan
Ergonomic/Hydraulic tray shelf damper for the Flat Sequencing Sorter
When I recorded this video, in September 2010, the Flat Sequencing Sorter was still relatively new for the United States Postal Service. This particular tray shelf has a hydraulic damper for a better ergonomic "fit" for operators who have to load and unload trays and shelves all shift long.
Here's my personal webpage about the Postal Service: http://www.rogerwendell.com/postal.html
09/27/2010
- published: 05 Oct 2010
- views: 473
- author: postaltexan
2:02
Mailman Sings
Enjoying some music at work our postal idol may have some big dreams...
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
Mailman Sings
Enjoying some music at work our postal idol may have some big dreams
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 1422
- author: postaltexan
0:27
Mail lady goes postal
Video from my CCTV system. She wasn't happy about the trash can being in front of my mail...
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
Mail lady goes postal
Video from my CCTV system. She wasn't happy about the trash can being in front of my mailbox.
For the record:
1) I was not home when this happened
2) the 'panning' video was done in post-editing (digitally)
3) I put the full cans on the other side of the driveway, not on the street
4) The trash people put the empty can in front of the mailbox.
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 54718
- author: postaltexan
2:08
Half-Mast
Two postal workers, Darrel and Dolan, enjoy their Federal day off. For more daily content,...
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
Half-Mast
Two postal workers, Darrel and Dolan, enjoy their Federal day off. For more daily content, check out Black20.com!
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 134506
- author: postaltexan
0:30
mail lady
taping the mail lady of course...
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
mail lady
taping the mail lady of course
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 15963
- author: postaltexan
0:22
Shadow, hanging out in his Jeep.
Shadow, my 10-year old Black Lab rides along with me while I deliver the mail. The public...
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
Shadow, hanging out in his Jeep.
Shadow, my 10-year old Black Lab rides along with me while I deliver the mail. The public love him.
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 891
- author: postaltexan
0:16
Postal Worker Cuttin Some Rug at the Post Office!
A real active and crazy guy for a 51y...
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
Postal Worker Cuttin Some Rug at the Post Office!
A real active and crazy guy for a 51y
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 4624
- author: postaltexan
0:35
Mailman leaves me more than the mail...
What do you think is happening here? Turn up the sound, and ignore the annoying wind chim...
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
Mailman leaves me more than the mail...
What do you think is happening here? Turn up the sound, and ignore the annoying wind chimes...
UPDATE 05/28/2008: Adding comments has been allowed again because the legal proceedings on this case have finished. The postal worker in this video admitted to peeing on my house and was fired very soon after this incident and has spent the last 16 months going through various legal proceedings to get his job back on that basis that "there is no stated rule against this kind of conduct". On 5/25/2008 the Aribtrator ruled that his termination was justified.
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 149567
- author: postaltexan
0:40
Dumb Ass Mailman
mailman in a cart stuck in water...
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
Dumb Ass Mailman
mailman in a cart stuck in water
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 19671
- author: postaltexan
1:24
Tropical Storm Fay can't stop the USPS.
The USPS rolls on despite flooding in Palm Bay, Florida....
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
Tropical Storm Fay can't stop the USPS.
The USPS rolls on despite flooding in Palm Bay, Florida.
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 1668
- author: postaltexan
1:55
MAIL TRUCK RUNAWAY
One in a million chance-
He is one lucky shit
LLV gets away from him---
Scenic Byways Med...
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
MAIL TRUCK RUNAWAY
One in a million chance-
He is one lucky shit
LLV gets away from him---
Scenic Byways Medicine Wheel Passage Scenic Byway Big Horn Scenic Byway Cloud Peak Skyway Scenic Byway Centennial Scenic Byway Beartooth Scenic Byway Chief Joseph Scenic Byway Buffalo Bill Cody Scenic Byway Snowy Range Scenic Byway Mirror Lake Scenic Byway Flaming Gorge - Green River Basin Scenic Byway Wind River Canyon Scenic Byway Wyoming Scenic Backways South Big Horn/Red Wall Scenic Backway Seminoe-Alcova Scenic Backway Red Gulch/Alkali Scenic Backway Big Spring Scenic Backway http://gf.state.wy.us/ Record Book Species Score Rank Location Year taken World Record Black Bear 21 15/16 58 Lincoln Co. 1976 23 10/16 Grizzly Bear* 25 10/16 77 Western Wyoming 1961 27 2/16 Mt. Lion 16 1/16 3 Park County 1993 16 4/16 Elk 441 6/8 3 Big Horn Mountains 1890 442 5/8 Mule Deer typical 217 2 Hoback Canyon 1925 226 4/8 Mule Deer Non-typical 293 7/8 29 Albany County 1924 355 2/8 White-tail typical 191 5/8 68 Albany County 1986 333 7/8 Moose 205 4/8 1 Green River Lakes 1952 205 4/8 Pronghorn Antelope 91 9 Carbon County 1964,1967 93 4/8 Bighorn Sheep 200 20 Wind Rivers 1883 208 1/8
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 41441
- author: postaltexan
1:07
unlucky mailman
dont give her mail...
published: 01 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
unlucky mailman
dont give her mail
- published: 01 Sep 2008
- views: 742
- author: postaltexan
0:33
Seinfeld-Newman and the post office
George and Jerry ask Newman why the a postal worker go POSTAL...
published: 30 Sep 2008
author: postaltexan
Seinfeld-Newman and the post office
George and Jerry ask Newman why the a postal worker go POSTAL
- published: 30 Sep 2008
- views: 99153
- author: postaltexan
2:00
POSTAL TRUCK RUNS AMUCK
Postal truck makes a u-turn and driver falls out. Mail carrier can be seen chasing the tr...
published: 05 Jun 2010
author: postaltexan
POSTAL TRUCK RUNS AMUCK
Postal truck makes a u-turn and driver falls out. Mail carrier can be seen chasing the truck in the top right corner of video. The truck rolls over into creek. Rumor has it that she was fired after lying about circumstances leading up to the accident.She was not seriously injured. Just wear your seatbelts please
- published: 05 Jun 2010
- views: 15013
- author: postaltexan
1:25
Turkey Chasing Mail Truck
Was outside my sisters house and saw a wild turkey chasing this mail truck....
published: 05 Jun 2010
author: postaltexan
Turkey Chasing Mail Truck
Was outside my sisters house and saw a wild turkey chasing this mail truck.
- published: 05 Jun 2010
- views: 29933
- author: postaltexan
Vimeo results:
0:32
United States Postal Service "Angie"
published: 31 Jan 2011
author: Daniel Ames
United States Postal Service "Angie"
0:17
United States Postal Service Kiosk
Created for a pitch for an in-store USPS informational kiosk....
published: 09 Feb 2011
author: Sean Johnson
United States Postal Service Kiosk
Created for a pitch for an in-store USPS informational kiosk.
1:01
The United States Postal Service
Katharine teaches us the importance of sending things certified mail....
published: 13 Feb 2010
author: Meg McGlynn
The United States Postal Service
Katharine teaches us the importance of sending things certified mail.
1:51
The economy's effect on the United States Postal Service
This explores how the recession has affected the mailing business. Not only has the United...
published: 02 Apr 2009
author: MobileMaineNews
The economy's effect on the United States Postal Service
This explores how the recession has affected the mailing business. Not only has the United States Postal Service seen mail volume and revenue drop significantly, UPS and FedEx have seen drops as well. All businesses have explored ways to deal with the crisis, and the USPS is considering moving back delivery to just five days instead of six.
Youtube results:
0:12
Drifting Mail Truck
Look at the mail truck go in the snow! It made about 7 attempts to get up this snowy hill...
published: 05 Jun 2010
author: postaltexan
Drifting Mail Truck
Look at the mail truck go in the snow! It made about 7 attempts to get up this snowy hill! This is it's final one!!!
- published: 05 Jun 2010
- views: 3303
- author: postaltexan
1:16
A USPS Rural Carrier throwing packages in Rio Rancho, NM
A rural route mail carrier caught throwing packages as she delivers them. More to come bel...
published: 05 Jun 2010
author: postaltexan
A USPS Rural Carrier throwing packages in Rio Rancho, NM
A rural route mail carrier caught throwing packages as she delivers them. More to come believe me! USPS doesn't care either.
- published: 05 Jun 2010
- views: 6124
- author: postaltexan
0:18
Mail Man Jerk
Mail carrier could not avoid my trash bin....
published: 15 Jun 2010
author: postaltexan
Mail Man Jerk
Mail carrier could not avoid my trash bin.
- published: 15 Jun 2010
- views: 715
- author: postaltexan
1:46
What recession??!!
What can turn a decent day for a rural mail carrier into a crappy one real quick??? Havin...
published: 15 Jun 2010
author: postaltexan
What recession??!!
What can turn a decent day for a rural mail carrier into a crappy one real quick??? Having to play santa 3 weeks before christmas, lol!!!
- published: 15 Jun 2010
- views: 270
- author: postaltexan
1:42
Average day in NYC
On an average day in NYC, Siemens assists 300,000 airline passengers at all 3 metro airpor...
published: 04 Oct 2010
author: p1800valker
Average day in NYC
On an average day in NYC, Siemens assists 300,000 airline passengers at all 3 metro airports, Siemens Traffic Solutions will help transport 1.3 million commuters, Siemens helps move 4.5 million subway riders and controls the world's largest 24/7 subway system, Siemens IT helps the world's best brands stay popular, Siemens Water Technologies purifies NYC's water, and Siemens Postal Automation sorts and delivers mail to 8 million New Yorkers.
- published: 04 Oct 2010
- views: 129
- author: p1800valker
0:54
Test deck being run through a Delivery Bar Code Sorter (DBCS)
This is a "Phase II" model 994 Delivery Bar Code Sorter (DBCS) used by the United States P...
published: 04 Oct 2010
author: p1800valker
Test deck being run through a Delivery Bar Code Sorter (DBCS)
This is a "Phase II" model 994 Delivery Bar Code Sorter (DBCS) used by the United States Postal Service throughout the United States. This is their most basic sorting device as it takes mail that has already received a bar code and gives it a greater depth of sort - right down to your letter carrier on his or her delivery route.
At the time of this recording there were nearly 600 sites using various phases and versions of the DBCS - my guess is there were easily a few thousand of these machines in use before the Postal Service started to downsize in the late 2000s. Each machine averaged about 30,000 pieces of mail per hour (depending on the length and thickness of the individual mail pieces), thus requiring a hefty amount of preventive maintenance each day. In this case the technician has placed a "test deck" in the machine's feeder to ensure accuracy of sortation and other adjustments. Normally, during the middle of the night, when most of the sortation takes place, there would hundreds of feet of "real" mail to run through the machine during a regular shift.
Also at the time of this recording the Postal Service was using a "Phase 6" model that was the newest design but still looked pretty much like the 15-year-old phase II you see in this video. Also, this particular machine was manufactured by ElectroCom Automation but the Postal Service purchased similar equipment from Siemens, Pitney Bowes, and other manufactures at different times from the early 80s through the 2000s.
Here's a link to my personal web page about the Postal Service:
http://www.rogerwendell.com/postal.html
03-13-2009
- published: 04 Oct 2010
- views: 9378
- author: p1800valker
1:44
Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors and Processing M...
Career Information Video:Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors and Processing Machine Op...
published: 04 Oct 2010
author: p1800valker
Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors and Processing M...
Career Information Video:Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors and Processing Machine Operators
Source: http://lwd.state.nj.us/labor/index.shtml
- published: 04 Oct 2010
- views: 5707
- author: p1800valker
3:31
Internet Mail Order Small Parcel Sorter System
Design Industry Sorter by Solid Rock LLC. Includes 15 lanes and 31 possible sort routes....
published: 04 Oct 2010
author: p1800valker
Internet Mail Order Small Parcel Sorter System
Design Industry Sorter by Solid Rock LLC. Includes 15 lanes and 31 possible sort routes.
- published: 04 Oct 2010
- views: 4373
- author: p1800valker
2:46
Ever wonder how mail is sorted?
Ever wonder what happens to your letter after you drop it in a mailbox? Find out with JSOn...
published: 04 Oct 2010
author: p1800valker
Ever wonder how mail is sorted?
Ever wonder what happens to your letter after you drop it in a mailbox? Find out with JSOnline's tour of the mail sorting center.
- published: 04 Oct 2010
- views: 49581
- author: p1800valker
7:16
The Journey of a Letter at Australia Post
The Journey of a Letter provides an informative and fun look at what happens to mail from ...
published: 04 Oct 2010
author: p1800valker
The Journey of a Letter at Australia Post
The Journey of a Letter provides an informative and fun look at what happens to mail from the time it is posted until it arrives at its final destination.
- published: 04 Oct 2010
- views: 18146
- author: p1800valker
3:14
Processing Mail, 1950s
902010, 1950s, prosessing, culling, sorting, U.S. mail., http://www.myfootage.com/details....
published: 04 Oct 2010
author: p1800valker
Processing Mail, 1950s
902010, 1950s, prosessing, culling, sorting, U.S. mail., http://www.myfootage.com/details.php?gid=58&sgid;=&pid;=17917
- published: 04 Oct 2010
- views: 632
- author: p1800valker
6:07
OPEX EAGLE From The Envelope
OPEX EAGLE - Mail opening, extraction, capture and processing at 4 transactions per second...
published: 04 Oct 2010
author: p1800valker
OPEX EAGLE From The Envelope
OPEX EAGLE - Mail opening, extraction, capture and processing at 4 transactions per second. Zero Touch Processing from the envelope for Clean Mail Payment Processing
- published: 04 Oct 2010
- views: 2127
- author: p1800valker
4:57
Postal Cancelling and Facing Machines, 1950s
902010, 1950s, United States Post Office, postal cancelling and facing machine, letter can...
published: 04 Oct 2010
author: p1800valker
Postal Cancelling and Facing Machines, 1950s
902010, 1950s, United States Post Office, postal cancelling and facing machine, letter canceller and facer, automated machines, letter sorting., http://www.myfootage.com/details.php?gid=58&sgid;=&pid;=17919
- published: 04 Oct 2010
- views: 1397
- author: p1800valker
1:27
How the U.S. Postal Service Works
Have you ever wondered what happens to a piece of mail once you drop it off at a post offi...
published: 04 Oct 2010
author: p1800valker
How the U.S. Postal Service Works
Have you ever wondered what happens to a piece of mail once you drop it off at a post office? Find out in this HowStuffWorks video! Credits: , HowStuffWorks
- published: 04 Oct 2010
- views: 79570
- author: p1800valker
2:01
Post Office, Mail Sorting, 1950s
902010, 1950s, United States Post Office, mail flow system, sorting mail process., http://...
published: 05 Oct 2010
author: p1800valker
Post Office, Mail Sorting, 1950s
902010, 1950s, United States Post Office, mail flow system, sorting mail process., http://www.myfootage.com/details.php?gid=58&sgid;=&pid;=17923
- published: 05 Oct 2010
- views: 3767
- author: p1800valker
9:01
Postal Report To The Nation
Postal Report To The Nation 1950s, http://www.myfootage.com/details.php?gid=0&sgid;=&pid;=17...
published: 05 Oct 2010
author: p1800valker
Postal Report To The Nation
Postal Report To The Nation 1950s, http://www.myfootage.com/details.php?gid=0&sgid;=&pid;=17428
- published: 05 Oct 2010
- views: 66
- author: p1800valker
1:47
USPS FSS - Promo Video
Promo video for the Flat Sequencing System. Obtained from the RIBBS website at http://ribb...
published: 05 Oct 2010
author: p1800valker
USPS FSS - Promo Video
Promo video for the Flat Sequencing System. Obtained from the RIBBS website at http://ribbs.usps.gov/
- published: 05 Oct 2010
- views: 26286
- author: p1800valker
4:32
Flat Sorter Sequencing maching
New Flat Sorter Sequencing(FSS) machine at the Norman OK facility....
published: 05 Oct 2010
author: p1800valker
Flat Sorter Sequencing maching
New Flat Sorter Sequencing(FSS) machine at the Norman OK facility.
- published: 05 Oct 2010
- views: 5885
- author: p1800valker
Vimeo results:
0:32
United States Postal Service "Angie"
published: 31 Jan 2011
author: Daniel Ames
United States Postal Service "Angie"
0:17
United States Postal Service Kiosk
Created for a pitch for an in-store USPS informational kiosk....
published: 09 Feb 2011
author: Sean Johnson
United States Postal Service Kiosk
Created for a pitch for an in-store USPS informational kiosk.
1:01
The United States Postal Service
Katharine teaches us the importance of sending things certified mail....
published: 13 Feb 2010
author: Meg McGlynn
The United States Postal Service
Katharine teaches us the importance of sending things certified mail.
1:51
The economy's effect on the United States Postal Service
This explores how the recession has affected the mailing business. Not only has the United...
published: 02 Apr 2009
author: MobileMaineNews
The economy's effect on the United States Postal Service
This explores how the recession has affected the mailing business. Not only has the United States Postal Service seen mail volume and revenue drop significantly, UPS and FedEx have seen drops as well. All businesses have explored ways to deal with the crisis, and the USPS is considering moving back delivery to just five days instead of six.
Youtube results:
0:13
Flats canceling machine - United States Postal Service
"Flats" are pretty much anything that isn't a regular letter or a parcel - usually magazin...
published: 05 Oct 2010
author: p1800valker
Flats canceling machine - United States Postal Service
"Flats" are pretty much anything that isn't a regular letter or a parcel - usually magazines and envelopes of that size are considered "flats" in the world of mail processing. Since flats are a different size it takes different kinds of machinery to handle and process them. In this video you're looking at a really old-style flats canceler that's been retrofitted with more modern electronics and an ink-jet spray head as opposed to the old die-and-hub system that was used for decades. When ever I learn the name of this hybrid I'll post it here!
Here's my personal webpage about the Postal Serivce:
http://www.rogerwendell.com/postal.html
- published: 05 Oct 2010
- views: 1393
- author: p1800valker
1:21
Muppet Christmas: Letters To Santa Trailer - Picking Things Up
http://disneydvd.disney.go.com/a-muppets-christmas-letters-to-santa.html
In this Muppet C...
published: 05 Oct 2010
author: p1800valker
Muppet Christmas: Letters To Santa Trailer - Picking Things Up
http://disneydvd.disney.go.com/a-muppets-christmas-letters-to-santa.html
In this Muppet Christmas movie scene the Muppets are helping sort letters to Santa when one of them turns up the speed on the mail sorting machine and soon they are being sorted. Muppets Christmas is now available in extended edition on Disney DVD.
- published: 05 Oct 2010
- views: 13183
- author: p1800valker
4:31
Machineable Mail Advisor Video 2
...
published: 05 Oct 2010
author: p1800valker
Machineable Mail Advisor Video 2
- published: 05 Oct 2010
- views: 1479
- author: p1800valker
0:33
Seinfeld-Newman and the post office
George and Jerry ask Newman why the a postal worker go POSTAL...
published: 05 Oct 2010
author: p1800valker
Seinfeld-Newman and the post office
George and Jerry ask Newman why the a postal worker go POSTAL
- published: 05 Oct 2010
- views: 99155
- author: p1800valker
photo: White House / Pete Souza
17 Jan 2013
To sidestep the impasse, the Palestinians went to the United Nations in November to win recognition of a de facto state of Palestine in the West Bank, east Jerusalem and Gaza Strip, territories Israel captured in 1967 and still controls to varying degrees ... "And if Israel, a small state in an inhospitable region, becomes more of a pariah, one that alienates even the affections of the U.S., its last steadfast friend, it won't survive."....(size: 10.2Kb)
photo: GFDL
17 Jan 2013
TOKYO ... However, he stressed ... United Airlines, the only US carrier to fly the Dreamliner, joined ANA and Japan Airlines (JAL) in withdrawing the model from service. Air India and Chile's LAN Airlines followed suit ... The powerful lithium-ion batteries used on the Dreamliner have emerged as the focus of concern in light of the ANA incident and another one on a JAL flight in the United States last week, with smoke reported on both planes ... ....(size: 4.5Kb)
photo: Creative Commons / INABA Tomoaki
16 Jan 2013
YURI KAGEYAMA. AP Business Writers= TOKYO (AP) — Boeing Co.'s 787 planes were grounded for safety checks Wednesday by two major Japanese airlines after one was forced to make an emergency landing in the latest blow for the new jet ... The airport was closed ... A fire ignited Jan. 7 in the battery pack of an auxiliary power unit of a Japan Airlines 787 empty of passengers as the plane sat on the tarmac at Boston's Logan International Airport....(size: 11.1Kb)
photo: French MoD photo
16 Jan 2013
On Tuesday, France announced that it was increasing the number of troops from 800 to 2,500 ... To make sure that when we leave, when we end this intervention, there is security in Mali, legitimate leaders, an electoral process and the terrorists no longer threaten its territory," he said during a stop in the United Arab Emirates ... The United States is helping with communications and intelligence-gathering, and may allow U.S ... ... ....(size: 3.6Kb)
photo: AP / BP
16 Jan 2013
Algerian forces have surrounded the complex and the state news agency reported a bit more than 20 people were being held, including Americans, Britons, Norwegians, French and Japanese, citing the local authorities ... US State Department spokeswoman Victoria Nuland said that according to their information "US citizens were among the hostages." ... A Japanese company, JGC Corp, provides services for the facility as well....(size: 7.4Kb)
San Francisco Chronicle
18 Jan 2013
Our research revealed that, in the light of the United States Postal Service’s ongoing financial crisis, a majority (60.9%) of respondents support cancelling Saturday mail delivery. ... Our research revealed that, in the light of the United States Postal Service’s ongoing financial crisis, a majority (60.9%) of respondents ......(size: 1.6Kb)
Dealbook
18 Jan 2013
Weisel said the credibility of the people interviewed in an October report by the United States Anti-Doping Agency, which described Mr ... Armstrong and other cyclists involved in Tailwind Sports, the holding company for the United States Postal Service cycling team and an organization that Mr ... Weisel, who was raised in Milwaukee, is a former competitive speed skater and helped the troubled United States Ski Team get back on its feet....(size: 7.5Kb)
Sporting Life
18 Jan 2013
The Texan was stripped of seven Tour de France titles and banned from sport for life after the United States Anti-Doping Agency found him to be a ... Armstrong denied USADA chief executive Travis Tygart's claims that the United States Postal Service doping programme was the leading one of its kind, believing the East German regime to be 'better'....(size: 2.7Kb)
Seattle Times
18 Jan 2013
And you thought baseball voters had it tough this year?. "Can you imagine the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame if it had a character clause?" wrote Scott Ostler of the San Francisco Chronicle. "It would be Barry Manilow, Taylor Swift and the Mormon Tabernacle Choir ... "Ty Cobb, on an average day, broke seven or eight Commandments before breakfast.". Headlines. • At ... • At ... • "United States Postal Service paid him in stamps....(size: 2.4Kb)
Sacramento Bee
18 Jan 2013
And you thought baseball voters had it tough this year?. "Can you imagine the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame if it had a character clause?" wrote Scott Ostler of the San Francisco Chronicle. "It would be Barry Manilow, Taylor Swift and the Mormon Tabernacle Choir. . "Ty Cobb, on an average day, broke seven or eight Commandments before breakfast.". Headlines. - At SportsPickle.com ... 607 ... 835 ... - "United States Postal Service paid him in stamps....(size: 2.5Kb)
noodls
17 Jan 2013
USPS - The United States Postal Service) ... The Postal Service is producing an Official Commemorative Souvenir Envelope to celebrate the second inauguration of President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden. ... Postal Service would rank 35th in the 2011 Fortune 500 ... This noodl was issued by USPS - The United States Postal Service and was initially posted at www.usps.com....(size: 4.0Kb)
noodls
17 Jan 2013
USPS - The United States Postal Service) ... About a hundred years after she first marketed them at home, Granny Smith apples became popular in the United States ... Beyond the Perf is the Postal Service's online site for information on upcoming stamp subjects, first-day-of-issue events and other philatelic news ... Postal Service ... This noodl was issued by USPS - The United States Postal Service and was initially posted at www.usps.com....(size: 8.1Kb)
The Examiner
17 Jan 2013
Marking the Chinese New Year, the United States Postal Service now offers a commemorative stamp ... Marking the Chinese New Year, the United States Postal Service now offers a commemorative stamp ... US Postal Service Releases Lunar New Year Stamp - PR News Foto - USPS. Postal customers may purchase the 2013 Chinese New Year stamps in self-adhesive press sheets or note card format....(size: 3.0Kb)
The New York Times
17 Jan 2013
The walkout spurred Congress to enact the Postal Reorganization Act of 1970, establishing the United States Postal Service as a quasi-independent entity and providing full collective-bargaining rights for most postal workers ... “When that strike started, you had people that had invested their life in postal service, worked 20, 25, 30 years just waiting for retirement....(size: 9.8Kb)
The New York Times
17 Jan 2013
As the whole universe knows, Armstrong is a superfamous American athlete who developed testicular cancer, went through arduous therapy and then returned to the racing circuit as the head of the United States Postal Service Pro Cycling Team, winning the Tour de France seven straight times ... Postal Service Pro Cycling Team ... This would be the same Postal ......(size: 10.2Kb)
The Independent
17 Jan 2013
The 41-year-old was banned for life after the United States Anti-Doping Agency found he had been at the ... Armstrong, who survived testicular cancer before his seven Tour 'wins', established the charity, but stood down as chairman following USADA's publication of its reasoned decision into the doping practices of his United States Postal Service team....(size: 3.2Kb)
Sky Sports
17 Jan 2013
The 41-year-old was banned for life after the United States Anti-Doping Agency found he had been at the ... Armstrong, who survived testicular cancer before his seven Tour 'wins', established the charity, but stood down as chairman following USADA's publication of its reasoned decision into the doping practices of his United States Postal Service team....(size: 3.7Kb)
The Washington Times
17 Jan 2013
... voluminous United States Anti-Doping Agency report called the most sophisticated doping program in the history of sport ... Armstrong defrauded the federal government by using performance-enhancing drugs and overseeing other riders doing the same, thereby violating the terms of a sponsorship contract with the United States Postal Service that paid Mr....(size: 3.7Kb)
This article is about the government agency. For individual post offices, see List of United States Post Offices.
"USPS" redirects here. For the non-profit boating safety and education organization, see United States Power Squadrons.
| United States Postal Service | |
|---|---|
| 180px | |
| Logo used since 1993 | |
| overview | |
| Formed | July 26, 1775 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania[1] |
| Headquarters | 475 L'Enfant Plaza SW Washington, D.C. 20260-2202 |
| Employees | 574,001 (2011 Career Employees)[2] |
| Annual budget | $70.634 billion (2011)[3] |
| executive | Patrick R. Donahoe, Postmaster General |
| Key document | Postal Clause of the United States Constitution |
| Website | |
| USPS.com | |
File:Uspslogo.png
The full eagle logo, used in various versions from 1970 to 1993.
The United States Postal Service (USPS), also known as the Post Office and U.S. Mail, is an independent agency of the United States government responsible for providing postal service in the United States. It is one of the few government agencies explicitly authorized by the United States Constitution. The USPS traces its roots to 1775 during the Second Continental Congress, where Benjamin Franklin was appointed the first postmaster general. The cabinet-level Post Office Department was created in 1792 from Franklin's operation and transformed into its current form in 1971 under the Postal Reorganization Act.
The USPS employs over 574,000 workers and operates over 218,000 vehicles.[2] The USPS is the operator of the largest vehicle fleet in the world.[4] The USPS is legally obligated to serve all Americans, regardless of geography, at uniform price and quality. The USPS has exclusive access to letter boxes marked "U.S. Mail" and personal letterboxes in the United States, but still competes against private package delivery services, such as UPS and FedEx.
On December 5, 2011 the USPS announced it would close more than half of its mail processing centers, eliminate 28,000 jobs and end overnight delivery of first-class mail. This will close down 252 of its 461 processing centers. On December 13, 2011 the USPS agreed to delay the closing of 252 mail processing centers as well as 3,700 local post offices until mid-May 2012.[5]
The USPS has not directly received taxpayer-dollars since the early 1980s with the minor exception of subsidies for costs associated with the disabled and overseas voters. However, it does receive tens to hundreds of millions per year in "implicit subsidies", such as breaks on property tax, vehicle registration, and sales tax, in addition to subsidized government loans.[6] Revenue in the 2000s has been dropping sharply due to declining mail volume,[7] prompting the postal service to look to other sources of revenue while cutting costs to reduce its budget deficit.[8]
History[link]
Main article: Postage stamps and postal history of the United States
The first postal service in America arose in February 1692, when a grant from King William & Queen Mary empowered Thomas Neale "to erect, settle and establish within the chief parts of their majesties' colonies and plantations in America, an office or offices for the receiving and dispatching letters and pacquets, and to receive, send and deliver the same under such rates and sums of money as the planters shall agree to give, and to hold and enjoy the same for the term of twenty-one years."[9]
The United States Post Office (USPO) was created in Philadelphia under Benjamin Franklin on Wednesday, July 26, 1775, by decree of the Second Continental Congress.[1] Based on the Postal Clause in Article One of the United States Constitution, empowering Congress "To establish post offices and post roads", it became the Post Office Department (USPOD) in 1792. Until 1971, it was part of the Presidential cabinet and the Postmaster General was the last person in the United States presidential line of succession.
The Post Office Department was enlarged during the tenure of President Andrew Jackson. As the Post Office expanded, difficulties were experienced due to a lack of employees and transportation. The Post Office's employees at that time were still subject to the so-called "spoils" system, where faithful political supporters of the executive branch were appointed to positions in the post office and other government corporations as a reward for their patronage. These appointees rarely had prior experience in postal service and mail delivery. This system of political patronage was replaced in 1883, after passage of the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act.[10]
Ten years before waterways were declared post roads in 1823, the Post Office used steamboats to carry mail between post towns where no roads existed.[citation needed] Once it became clear that the postal system in the United States needed to expand across the entire country, the use of the railroad to transport the mail was instituted in 1832, on one line in Pennsylvania.[11] All railroads in the United States were designated as post routes, after passage of the Act of July 7, 1838. Mail service by railroad increased rapidly thereafter.[12]
An Act of Congress provided for the issuance of stamps on March 3, 1847, and the Postmaster General immediately let a contract to the New York City engraving firm of Rawdon, Wright, Hatch, and Edson. The first stamp issue of the U.S. was offered for sale on July 1, 1847, in NYC, with Boston receiving stamps the following day and other cities thereafter. The 5 cent stamp paid for a letter weighing less than 1 oz (28 g) and travelling less than 300 miles, the 10 cent stamp for deliveries to locations greater than 300 miles, or twice the weight deliverable for the 5 cent stamp.
In 1847, the U.S. Mail Steamship Company acquired the contract to carry the U.S. mails from New York, with stops in New Orleans and Havana, to the Isthmus of Panama for delivery in California. The same year, the Pacific Mail Steamship Company had acquired the right to transport mail under contract from the United States Government from the Isthmus of Panama to California. In 1855, William Henry Aspinwall completed the Panama Railway, providing rail service across the Isthmus and cutting to three weeks the transport time for the mails, passengers and goods to California. This remained an important route until the completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869. Railroad companies greatly expanded mail transport service after 1862, and the Railway Mail Service was inaugurated in 1869.[11]
Rail cars designed to sort and distribute mail while rolling were soon introduced.[11] RMS employees sorted mail 'on the fly' during the journey, and became some of the most skilled workers in the postal service. An RMS sorter had to be able to separate the mail quickly into compartments based on its final destination, before the first destination arrived, and work at the rate of 600 pieces of mail an hour. They were tested regularly for speed and accuracy.[15]
The advent of rural free delivery in the U.S. in 1896, and the inauguration of parcel post service in 1913 greatly increased the volume of mail shipped nationwide, and motivated the development of more efficient postal transportation systems.[16]
20th century[link]
From January 1, 1911, until July 1, 1967, the United States Postal Service operated the United States Postal Savings System. An Act of Congress of June 25, 1910, established the Postal Savings System in designated Post Offices, effective January 1, 1911. The legislation aimed to get money out of hiding, attract the savings of immigrants accustomed to the postal savings system in their native countries, provide safe depositories for people who had lost confidence in banks, and furnish more convenient depositories for working people. The law establishing the system directed the Post Office Department to redeposit most of the money in the system in local banks, where it earned 2.5 percent interest.[17]
The system paid 2 percent interest per year on deposits. The half percent difference in interest was intended to pay for the operation of the system. Certificates were issued to depositors as proof of their deposit. Depositors in the system were initially limited to hold a balance of $500, but this was raised to $1,000 in 1916 and to $2,500 in 1918. The initial minimum deposit was $1. In order to save smaller amounts for deposit, customers could purchase a 10-cent postal savings card and 10-cent postal savings stamps to fill it. The card could be used to open or add to an account when its value, together with any attached stamps, amounted to one or more dollars, or it could be redeemed for cash. At its peak in 1947, the system held almost $3.4 billion in deposits, with more than four million depositors using 8,141 postal units.[17]
On August 12, 1918, the Post Office Department took over air mail service from the U.S. Army Air Service (USAAS). Assistant Postmaster General, Otto Praeger, appointed Benjamin B. Lipsner to head the civilian-operated Air Mail Service. One of Lipsner's first acts was to hire four pilots, each with at least 1,000 hours flying experience, paying them an average of $4,000 per year. The Post Office Department used mostly World War I military surplus de Havilland DH-4 aircraft.[18]
During 1918, the Post Office hired an additional 36 pilots. In its first year of operation, the Post Office completed 1,208 airmail flights with 90 forced landings. Of those, 53 were due to weather and 37 to engine failure. By 1920, the Air Mail service had delivered 49 million letters.[19] Domestic air mail became obsolete in 1975, and international air mail in 1995, when the USPS began transporting First-Class mail by air on a routine basis.
The Post Office was one of the first government departments to regulate obscene materials on a national basis. When the U.S. Congress passed the Comstock laws of 1873, it became illegal to send through the U.S. mail any material considered obscene or indecent, or which promoted abortion issues, contraception, or alcohol consumption.[20]
The Postal Reorganization Act signed by President Richard Nixon on August 12, 1970, replaced the cabinet-level Post Office Department with the independent United States Postal Service. The Act took effect on July 1, 1971.
Current operations[link]
The United States Postal Service employs some 574,000 workers, making it the third-largest civilian employer in the United States behind the federal government and Wal-Mart.[21][clarification needed][22] In a 2006 U.S. Supreme Court decision, the Court noted: "Each day, according to the Government's submissions here, the United States Postal Service delivers some 660 million pieces of mail to as many as 142 million delivery points."[23] As of 2011, the USPS operates 31,000 post offices and locations in the U.S., and delivers 177 billion pieces of mail annually.[4]
The USPS operates the largest civilian vehicle fleet in the world, with an estimated 218,684 vehicles, the majority of which are the easily identified Chevrolet/Grumman LLV (Long-Life Vehicle), and the newer Ford/Utilimaster FFV (Flex-Fuel Vehicle), originally also referred to as the "CRV" (Carrier Route Vehicle).[4] For every penny increase in the national average price of gasoline, the USPS spends an extra $8 million per year to fuel its fleet.[24]
The number of gallons of fuel used in 2009 was 444 million, at a cost of US$1.1 billion.[4] The fleet is notable in that many of its vehicles are right-hand drive, an arrangement intended to give drivers the easiest access to roadside mailboxes. Some Rural Letter Carriers use personal vehicles. Standard postal-owned vehicles do not have license plates. These vehicles are identified by a seven digit number displayed on the front and rear.
The Department of Defense and the USPS jointly operate a postal system to deliver mail for the military; this is known as the Army Post Office (for Army and Air Force postal facilities) and the Fleet Post Office (for Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard postal facilities).
Five-year plans[link]
In October 2008, the Postal Service released Vision 2013,[25] a five-year plan required by law starting in 1993.[26] One planned improvement is the introduction of the Intelligent Mail Barcode, which will allow pieces of mail to be tracked through the delivery system, as competitors like UPS and FedEx currently do.
Budget[link]
Revenue decline[link]
Declining mail volume is a symptom of the weak national economy[citation needed], particularly related to the financial and housing industries, and to trends toward the use of electronic mail. First Class mail volume (which is protected by legal monopoly) peaked in 2001[27] and has declined 29% from 1998 to 2008, due to the increasing use of email and the World Wide Web for correspondence and business transactions.[28]
FedEx and United Parcel Service (UPS) directly compete with USPS express mail and package delivery services, making nationwide deliveries of urgent letters and packages.
Lower volume means lower revenues to support the fixed commitment to deliver to every address once a day, six days a week. In response, the USPS has increased productivity each year from 2000 to 2007,[29] through increased automation, route re-optimization, and facility consolidation.[28] Despite these efforts, the organization saw an $8.5 billion budget shortfall in 2010,[30] and was losing money at a rate of about $3 billion per quarter in 2011.[31]
To cut costs, the U.S. Postal Service proposes to close as many as 3,700 small post offices and replacing some of them as 'village post offices' to offer the most basic mail services at lower costs inside such places as grocery stores and drugstores with signs — 'Village Post Office' — in the window since August 2011. The Postal Service will pay Mini-mart about $2,000 a year. One benefit of the new policy is service hours which are longer than the old post office.[32] The closure of half of all mail processing centers in the first half of 2012 will result an overall slowing of delivery and the elimination of next-day delivery for First-Class mail.[33]
Congressional role[link]
Of related significance is the Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act of 2006 (PAEA), which obligates the USPS to prefund 75-years worth of future health care benefit payments to retirees within a ten-year time span — a requirement to which no other government organization is subject. Thus, in addition to the weak economy and the diversion of mail to electronic means, the mandates of PAEA have had a considerable impact on Postal Service finances. As a consequence, it has been charged that the US Postal Service budget crisis of 2011 is, in essence, an artificial one.[29][34][35][36]
Congress also has the ability to affect the USPS budget by changing rates for postage.[37]
Retirement funding[link]
The Office of Personnel Management (OPM) is the main bureaucratic organization responsible for the human resources aspect of many federal agencies and their employees. The PAEA created the Postal Service Retiree Health Benefit Fund (PSRHB) after congress removed the Postal Service contribution to the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS). Most other employees that contribute to the CSRS have 7% deducted from their wages. The PAEA enabled the prefunding of health insurance for employees by stipulating that the USPS was to not to have a surplus and end the use of its savings to eliminate postal debt, which it had been instructed to do in the Postal Civil Service Retirement System Funding Reform Act of 2003[38]. The weekly payment of 115 million was ceased on June 24th 2011 due to the USPS's debt of 8 billion and a retirement benefits surplus of 6.2 million[39]. The next prefund payment scheduled to make is 5.6 billion due by September 30th, 2012 however the S. 1789 21st Century Postal Service Act of 2011 would end the payments altogether, while making cuts across the board like reducing the USPS delivery days from 6 to 5 [40].
Cuts[link]
There are those who believe that readjustments and closing "will be a mess", may not obtain projected savings, will cause severe dislocations, and will run afoul of obligations under various collective bargaining agreements.[41]
USPS has already begun turning to 'village post offices,' local stores which it pays to offer skeleton Post Office services to their communities.[42]
USPS is a well-known employer of veterans and minorities, who would be disproportionately affected by the cuts.[43][36]
Governance and organization[link]
The Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service sets policy, procedure, and postal rates for services rendered, and has a similar role to a corporate board of directors. Of the eleven members of the Board, nine are appointed by the President and confirmed by the United States Senate (see 39 U.S.C. § 202). The nine appointed members then select the United States Postmaster General, who serves as the board's tenth member, and who oversees the day to day activities of the service as Chief Executive Officer (see 39 U.S.C. §§ 202–203). The ten-member board then nominates a Deputy Postmaster General, who acts as Chief Operating Officer, to the eleventh and last remaining open seat.
The USPS is often mistaken for a government-owned corporation (e.g., Amtrak) because it operates much like a business, but as noted above, it is legally defined as an "independent establishment of the executive branch of the Government of the United States", (39 U.S.C. § 201) as it is controlled by Presidential appointees and the Postmaster General. As a quasi-governmental agency, it has many special privileges, including sovereign immunity, eminent domain powers, powers to negotiate postal treaties with foreign nations, and an exclusive legal right to deliver first-class and third-class mail. Indeed, in 2004, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in a unanimous decision that the USPS was not a government-owned corporation, and therefore could not be sued under the Sherman Antitrust Act.[44]
The U.S. Supreme Court has also upheld the USPS's statutory monopoly on access to letter boxes against a First Amendment freedom of speech challenge; it thus remains illegal in the U.S. for anyone, other than the employees and agents of the USPS, to deliver mailpieces to letter boxes marked "U.S. Mail."[45]
The Postal Service also has a Mailers' Technical Advisory Committee and local Postal Customer Councils, which are advisory and primarily involve business customers.[46]
Universal service obligation and monopoly status[link]
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Article I, section 8, Clause 7 of the United States Constitution grants Congress the power to establish post offices and post roads, which has been interpreted as a de facto Congressional monopoly over the delivery of mail. Accordingly, no other system for delivering mail – public or private – can be established, absent Congress's consent.[citation needed] Congress has delegated to the Postal Service the power to decide whether others may compete with it, and the Postal Service has allowed an exception to its monopoly for extremely urgent letters.[citation needed]
The mission of the Postal Service is to provide the American public with trusted universal postal service at affordable prices. While not explicitly defined, the Postal Service's universal service obligation (USO) is broadly outlined in statute and includes multiple dimensions: geographic scope, range of products, access to services and facilities, delivery frequency, affordable and uniform pricing, service quality, and security of the mail. While other carriers may claim to voluntarily provide delivery on a broad basis, the Postal Service is the only carrier with a legal obligation to provide all the various aspects of universal service at affordable rates.[citation needed]
Proponents of universal service principles claim that since any obligation must be matched by the financial capability to meet that obligation, the postal monopoly was put in place as a funding mechanism for the USO, and it has been in place for over a hundred years. It consists of two parts: the Private Express Statutes (PES) and the mailbox access rule. The PES refers to the Postal Service's monopoly on the delivery of letters, and the mailbox rule refers to the Postal Service's exclusive access to customer mailboxes.[citation needed]
Proponents of universal service principles further claim that eliminating or reducing the PES or mailbox rule would have an impact on the ability of the Postal Service to provide affordable universal service. If, for example, the PES and the mailbox rule were to be eliminated, and the USO maintained, then either billions of dollars in tax revenues or some other source of funding would have to be found.[citation needed]
Some proponents[by whom?] of universal service principles suggest that private communications that are protected by the veil of government promote the exchange of free ideas and communications. This separates private communications from the ability of a private for-profit or non-profit organization to corrupt. Security for the individual is in this way protected by the United States Post Office, maintaining confidentiality and anonymity, as well as government employees being much less likely to be instructed by superiors to engage in nefarious spying.[citation needed] It is seen by some[by whom?] as a dangerous step to extract the universal service principle from the post office, as the untainted nature of private communications is preserved as assurance of the protection of individual freedom of privacy.
Critics of universal service principles include several professional economists advocating for the privatization of the mail delivery system, or at least a relaxation of the universal service model that currently exists.[47] Rick Geddes argued in 2000:[48]
- First, basic economics implies that rural customers are unlikely to be without service under competition; they would simply have to pay the true cost of delivery to them, which may or may not be lower than under monopoly.
- Second, basic notions of fairness imply that the cross-subsidy should be eliminated. To the extent that people make choices about where they live, they should assume the costs of that decision.
- Third, there is no reason why the government monopoly is necessary to ensure service to sparsely populated areas. The government could easily award competitive contracts to private firms for that service.
- Fourth, early concerns that rural residents of the United States would somehow become isolated without federally subsidized mail delivery today are simply unfounded. ... Once both sender and receiver have access to a computer, the marginal cost of sending an electronic message is close to zero.
However, as the recent notice of a termination of mail service to residents of the Frank Church—River of No Return Wilderness indicates, mail service has been contracted to private firms such as Arnold Aviation for many decades. KTVB-TV reported:[49]
- '"We cannot go out every week and pick up our mail....it's impossible", said Heinz Sippel. "Everyone gets their mail. Why can't we?" said Sue Anderson. Getting mail delivered, once a week, by airplane is not a luxury, it's a necessity for those who live in Idaho's vast wilderness – those along the Salmon and Selway rivers. It's a service that's been provided to them for more than half a century – mostly by Ray Arnold of Arnold Aviation.
The decision was reversed; U.S. Postmaster General John Potter indicated that acceptable service to back country customers could not be achieved in any other fashion than continuing an air mail contract with Arnold Aviation to deliver the mail."[50]
The Postal Act of 2006 required the Postal Regulatory Commission (PRC) to submit a report to the President and Congress on universal postal service and the postal monopoly in December 2008. The report must include any recommended changes. The Postal Service report supports the requirement that the PRC is to consult with and solicit written comments from the Postal Service. In addition, the Government Accountability Office is required to evaluate broader business model issues by 2011.
On October 15, 2008, the Postal Service submitted a report[51] to the PRC on its position related to the Universal Service Obligation (USO). It said no changes to the USO and restriction on mailbox access were necessary at this time, but increased regulatory flexibility was required to ensure affordable universal service in the future.
Obligations of the USO include uniform prices, quality of service, access to services, and six-day delivery to every part of the country. To assure financial support for these obligations, the postal monopoly provides the Postal Service the exclusive right to deliver letters and restricts mailbox access solely for mail. The report argued that eliminating or reducing either aspect of the monopoly "would have a devastating impact on the ability...to provide the affordable universal service that the country values so highly." Relaxing access to the mailbox would also pose security concerns, increase delivery costs, and hurt customer service, according to the Post Office. The report notes:
- It is somewhat misleading to characterize the mailbox rule as a "monopoly," because the enforcement of 18 U.S.C. § 1725 leaves customers with ample alternative means of delivering their messages. Customers can deliver their messages either by paying postage, by placing messages on or under a door or a doormat, by using newspaper or non-postal boxes, by telephoning or emailing, by engaging in person-to-person delivery in public areas, by tacking or taping their notices on a door post, or by placing advertisements in local newspapers. These methods are comparable in efficacy to communication via the mailbox.
Most of these alternatives are not actually free in some communities. For example, in Chicagoland and many other major metros you must get a background check from Police and pay a daily fee for the right to solicit or post commercial messages on private property.
Regarding the monopoly on delivery of letters, the report notes that the monopoly is not complete, as there is an exception for letters where either the amount paid for private carriage of the letter equals at least six times the current rate for the first ounce of a single-piece First-Class Mail letter (also known as the “base rate” or “base tariff”) or the letter weighs at least 12.5 ounces.
The Postal Service said that the USO should continue to be broadly defined and there should be no changes to the postal monopoly. Any changes would have far-reaching effects on customers and the trillion dollar mailing industry. "A more rigidly defined USO would … ultimately harm the American public and businesses," according to the report, which cautions that any potential change must be studied carefully and the effects fully understood.
Competitors[link]
FedEx and United Parcel Service (UPS) directly compete with USPS express mail and package delivery services, making nationwide deliveries of urgent letters and packages. Due to the postal monopoly, they are not allowed to deliver non-urgent letters and may not directly ship to U.S. Mail boxes at residential and commercial destinations. However both companies have transit agreements with the USPS in which an item can be dropped off with either FedEx or UPS who will then provide shipment up to the destination post office serving the intended recipient where it will be transferred for delivery to the U.S. Mail destination, including Post Office Box destinations.[52][53] These services also deliver packages which are larger and heavier than USPS will accept. DHL Express was the third major competitor until February 2009, when it ceased domestic delivery operations in the United States.
A variety of other transportation companies in the United States move cargo around the country, but either have limited geographic scope for delivery points, or specialize in items too large to be mailed. Many of the thousands of courier companies focus on same-day delivery, for example, by bicycle messenger.
Alternative transmission methods[link]
The Post Office Department owned and operated the first public telegraph lines in the United States, starting in 1844 from Washington to Baltimore, and eventually extending to New York, Boston, Buffalo, and Philadelphia. In 1847 the telegraph system was privatized, except for a period during World War I, when it was used to accelerate the delivery of letters arriving at night.[54]
Between 1942 and 1945 "V-Mail" (for "Victory Mail") service was available for military mail. Letters were converted into microfilm and reprinted near the destination, to save room on transport vehicles for military cargo.[55]
From 1982 to 1985 Electronic Computer Originated Mail was accepted for bulk mailings. Text was transmitted electronically to one of 25 post offices nationwide. The Postal Service would print the mail and put it in special envelopes bearing a blue ECOM logo. Delivery was assured within 2 days.[56]
Law enforcement agencies[link]
Postal Inspection Service[link]
The United States Postal Inspection Service (USPIS) is one of the oldest law enforcement agencies in the U.S. Founded by Benjamin Franklin, its mission is to protect the Postal Service, its employees, and its customers from crime and protect the nation's mail system from criminal misuse.[57]
Postal Inspectors enforce over 200 federal laws providing for the protection of mail in investigations of crimes that may adversely affect or fraudulently use the U.S. Mail, the postal system or postal employees.
The USPIS has the power to enforce the USPS monopoly by conducting search and seizure raids on entities they suspect of sending non-urgent mail through overnight delivery competitors. According to the American Enterprise Institute, a private conservative think tank, the USPIS raided Equifax offices in 1993 to ascertain if the mail they were sending through Federal Express was truly "extremely urgent." It was found that the mail was not, and Equifax was fined $30,000.[58]
Lastly, the PIS oversees the activities of the Postal Police Force who patrol in and around selected high-risk postal facilities in major metropolitan areas in the United States and its territories.
Office of Inspector General[link]
The United States Postal Service Office of Inspector General (OIG) was authorized by law in 1996. Prior to the 1996 legislation, the Postal Inspection Service performed the duties of the OIG. The Inspector General, who is independent of postal management, is appointed by and reports directly to the nine presidentially appointed, Senate–confirmed members of the Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service.
The primary purpose of the OIG is to prevent, detect and report fraud, waste and program abuse, and promote efficiency in the operations of the Postal Service. The OIG has "oversight" responsibility for all activities of the Postal Inspection Service.
Elements of addressing and preparing domestic mail[link]
All mailable articles (e.g., letters, flats, machinable parcels, irregular parcels, etc.) shipped within the United States must comply with an array of standards published in the USPS Domestic Mail Manual (DMM).[59] Before addressing the mailpiece, one must first comply with the various mailability standards relating to attributes of the actual mailpiece such as: minimum/maximum dimensions[60] & weight, acceptable mailing containers, proper mailpiece sealing/closure, utilization of various markings, and restrictions relating to various hazardous (e.g., explosives, flammables, etc.) & restricted (e.g., cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, etc.) materials, as well as others articulated in § 601 of the DMM.[61]
The USPS specifies the following key elements when preparing the face of a mailpiece:
- Proper Placement: The Delivery Address should be left-justified and located roughly in the center of mailpiece's largest side. More precisely, on a letter-size piece, the recommended address placement is within the optical character reader (OCR) read area, which is a space on the address side of the mailpiece defined by these boundaries: Left – 1/2 inch (13 mm) from the left edge of the piece; Right – 1/2 inch (13 mm) from the right edge of the piece; Top – 2-3/4 inches (70 mm) from the bottom edge of the piece; Bottom – 5/8 inch (16 mm) from the bottom edge of the piece.[62] Preferred placement of a return address is in the upper left portion of the mailpiece—on the side of the piece bearing postage.[63] Finally, postage (e.g., stamps, meter imprints, information-based indicia [IBI], etc.) is to be affixed in the upper right corner of the address side of the mail cover. It should be noted that any stamp/indicia partly concealed or otherwise obscured by an overlapping stamp/indicia may not be counted as valid postage.[64]
- Delivery Address (party receiving mail): The mail piece must have the address of the intended recipient, visible and legible, only on the side of the mail piece bearing postage. Generally, the name of the addressee should be included above the address itself. A ZIP+4 code will facilitate delivery.[65]
- Return Address (party sending mail): A return address tells the USPS where the sender wants the mail returned if it is undeliverable. Usage of a return address is required for some postal services (including Priority Mail, Express Mail, Periodicals in envelopes or wrappers, Insured Mail, Registered Mail, and parcel services).[66]
- Postage Payment: All mailpieces must include appropriate valid postage. Postage payment may be in the form of stamps, stamped stationery, precanceled stamps, postage meter imprints & PC Postage products ("Postage Evidencing Systems"), or permit imprint (indicia).[67] Members of the U.S. Congress, among others, have franking privileges, which require only a signature.
Domestic first-class mail costs 45¢ for envelopes (32¢ for post cards) and upwards, depending on the weight and dimensions of the letter and the class.
Undeliverable mails that cannot be readily returned, including those without return addresses, are treated as dead mails at a Mail Recovery Center in Atlanta, Georgia or Saint Paul, Minnesota.
- The formatting of the address is as follows
- Line 1: Name of recipient
- Line 2: Street address or P.O. Box
- Line 3: City, State (ISO 3166-2:US code or APO/FPO code) and ZIP+4 code
- Example
- John Q. Public
- 789 UNIVERSAL DR
- PORTLAND, OR 97086-1234
The USPS maintains a list of proper abbreviations.[68]
The formatting of a return address is identical. Though some style manuals recommend using a comma between the city and state name when typesetting addresses in other contexts, for optimal automatic character recognition, the Post Office does not recommend this when addressing mail. The official recommendation is to use all upper case block letters with appropriate formats and abbreviations, and leave out all punctuation except for the hyphen in the ZIP+4 code. If the address is unusually formatted or illegible enough, it will require hand-processing, delaying that particular item. The USPS publishes the entirety of their postal addressing standards.[69]
Customers can look up ZIP codes on usps.com, and purchase postage if they have an account.
Paying postage[link]
The actual postage can be paid via:[70]
- Stamps purchased online, at a Post Office, from a stamp vending machine or "Automated Postal Center" which can also handle packages, or from a third party (such as a grocery store)
- Pre-cancelled stamps for bulk mailings[71]
- Postal meter
- Prepaid envelope
- Shipping label purchased online and printed by the customer on standard paper (e.g. with Click-N-Ship, or via a third-party such as Paypal or Amazon shipping)
All unused U.S. postage stamps issued since 1861 are still valid as postage at their indicated value. Stamps with no value shown or denominated by a letter are also still valid, although the value depends upon the particular stamp. For some stamps issued without a printed value, the current value is the original value. But some stamps beginning in 1988 or earlier, including "Forever Stamps" that were issued beginning in April 2007, and all 1st class mail 1st ounce stamps beginning 2011-01-21, the value is the current value of a 1st class mail 1st ounce stamps. (The USPS calls these "Forever Stamps". The generic name is non-denominated postage.)
Forever stamps are sold at the first-class mail postage rate at the time of purchase, but will always be valid for first-class mail (1 oz and under), no matter how rates rise in the future.[72][73] Britain has had a similar stamp since 1989. However, one of the tenets of the Universal Postal Union is having a single flat rate to mail a letter anywhere in the world, which is true for Britain (since 1995), but not the U.S. The cost of mailing a 1 oz (28 g) First-Class letter increased to 45 cents on January 22, 2012.
Postage meters[link]
Main article: Postage meter
A postage meter is a mechanical device used to create and apply physical evidence of postage (or franking) to mailed matter. Postage meters are regulated by a country's postal authority; for example, in the United States, the United States Postal Service specifies the rules for the creation, support, and use of postage meters. A postage meter imprints an amount of postage, functioning as a postage stamp, a cancellation and a dated postmark all in one. The meter stamp serves as proof of payment and eliminates the need for adhesive stamps.
PC postage[link]
In addition to using standard stamps, postage can now be printed in the form of an electronic stamp, or e-stamp, from a personal computer using a system called Information Based Indicia. This online PC Postage method relies upon application software on the customer's computer contacting a postal security device at the office of the postal service.[74] Authorized providers of PC Postage are listed below (many others—such as Amazon—are secondary providers, which use one of the authorized providers to do the actual service):[75]
Other electronic postage payment methods[link]
Electronic Verification System (eVS)[76] is the Postal Service's integrated mail management technology that centralizes payment processing and electronic postage reports. Part of an evolving suite of USPS electronic payment services called PostalOne!,[77] eVS allows mailers shipping large volumes of parcels through the Postal Service a way to circumvent use of hard-copy manifests, postage statements and drop-shipment verification forms. Instead, mailers can pay postage automatically through a centralized account and track payments online.
Beginning in August 2007, the Postal Service began requiring mailers shipping Parcel Select packages using a permit imprint to use eVS for manifesting their packages.
Stamp copyright and reproduction[link]
All U.S. postage stamps issued under the former United States Post Office Department and other postage items that were released before 1978 are not subject to copyright, but stamp designs since 1978 are copyrighted.[78] Following the creation of the United States Postal Service, the United States Copyright Office in section 206.02(b) of the Compendium II: Copyright Office Practices holds that "Works of the U.S. Postal Service, as now constituted, are not considered U.S. Government works."[79]
Here, the U.S. Copyright Office has clarified that works of the U.S. Postal Service, of the government of the District of Columbia, or of the government of Puerto Rico are not "works of the U.S. government" and thus are subject to copyright. Thus, the USPS holds copyright to such materials released since 1978 under Title 17 of the United States Code. Written permission is required for use of copyrighted postage stamp images, although under USPS rules, permission is "generally" not required for "educational use", "news reporting" or "philatelic advertising use," but users must cite USPS as the source of the image and include language such as "© United States Postal Service. All rights reserved."[80]
Service level choices[link]
General domestic services[link]
File:TyvekExpressMailEnvelope.jpg
Tyvek envelope for Express Mail.
Domestic postage includes Monday through Saturday delivery (excepting federal holidays) to any address, Post Office Box, or general delivery Post Office in the United States, or any U.S. military mail destination.
The Post Office will not deliver packages heavier than 70 pounds (32 kg) or if the length (the package's longest dimension) plus the girth (the measurement around the package at its largest point in the two shorter dimensions) is greater than 108 inches (270 cm) combined (130 inches [330 cm] for Parcel Post).[81] Other carriers handle packages that exceed these limits.
Deliveries outside the contiguous United States may take longer than those listed below.
As of April 2011, domestic postage levels for low-volume mailers include:
- Express Mail – Overnight delivery guaranteed to most locations[82]
- Sunday and holiday delivery available for additional charge
- $100 insurance included
- Tracking included
- Flat rate envelopes and boxes are available. Otherwise, pricing varies by weight and distance.
- Priority Mail – 2 or 3-day service (partially guaranteed-only if you use a specific tracking or confirmation of delivery service)[82]
- Flat rate envelopes and boxes (various sizes) are available. Otherwise, pricing varies by weight, size and distance.
There are Prepaid Priority Mail Envelopes available through the Postal Store at a cost of $5.15 per envelope. You must order at least 10 envelopes in order to order the Prepaid Priority Mail Envelopes.
- First-Class Mail
- 1–3 day delivery (will soon be 2-3 day delivery due to USPS network changes) [82] in most cases for letters and small packages
- Rate varies by size and weight, but not distance.
- Postcards (5" x 3.5" x 0.007 to 6" x 4.25" x 0.016" [127 x 89 x 0.18 to 152 x 108 x 0.4 mm]): 32¢
- Letters (up to 11.5" x 6.125" x 0.25", 3.5 oz [292 x 156 x 6.4 mm, 100 g]): 45¢ + 20¢ for each additional ounce
- Large Envelope or Flat (up to 15" x 12" x 0.75", 13 oz [381 x 305 x 19 mm, 370 g]): 88¢ + 20¢ each additional ounce (28 g). Must be rectangular, uniformly thick, and not too rigid.
- Package/Parcel (Up to 108 inches (270 cm) length plus girth, 13 ounces (370 g): $1.71 + 17¢ each additional ounce (28 g) over 3 ounces (84 g)
- Parcel Post
- Slowest but cheapest service for packages too large or heavy for First Class – uses surface transport
- 2-9-day service to contiguous U.S., 4–14 days internal to AK/HI/territories, 3–6 weeks between mainland and outlying areas (travels by ship)[82]
- Variable pricing by weight, size and distance
- Free forwarding if recipient has filed change-of-address form, or return if the item is undeliverable
- Media Mail (formerly "Book Rate")
- Books and recorded media only
- No advertising
- Pricing by weight only
- Transit time similar to Parcel Post
- Cheaper than Parcel Post but only due to increased restrictions on package contents
- Library Mail
- Similar to Media Mail, but cheaper and restricted to academic institutions, public libraries, museums, etc.
Bulk mail[link]
See also: Bulk mail
File:USPS Dodge CV.JPG
USPS Dodge Caravan used for residential delivery in Omaha, Nebraska.
Discounts are available for large volumes of mail. Depending on the postage level, certain conditions might be required or optional for an additional discount:
- Minimum number of pieces
- Weight limits
- Ability for the USPS to process by machine
- Addresses formatting standardized
- USPS-readable barcode
- Sorted by 3-digit ZIP code prefix, 5-digit ZIP code, ZIP+4, or 11-digit delivery point
- Delivered in trays, bundles, or pallets partitioned by destination
- Delivered directly to a regional Bulk Mail Center, destination SCF, or destination Post Office
- Certification of mailing list accuracy and freshness (e.g. correct ZIP codes, purging of stale addresses, processing of change-of-address notifications)
In addition to bulk discounts on Express, Priority, and First-Class Mail, the following postage levels are available for bulk mailers:
- Periodicals
- Standard Mail (A)
- Automation
- Enhanced Carrier Route
- Regular
- Standard Mail (B)
- Parcel Post
- Bound Printed Matter – Cheaper than Media Mail, for advertising catalogs, phone books, etc. up to 15 lb[83]
- Special Standard Mail
- Library Mail
- Nonprofit
Add-on services[link]
Depending on the type of mail, additional services are available for an additional fee:[84]
- Certificate of Mailing – Proof of the date a package was mailed.
- Delivery Confirmation – Provides proof of delivery to sorting facilities, local post office and destination, but no signature is required.
- Signature Confirmation – Delivery requires a signature, which is kept on file. The online tracking system displays the first initial and last name of the signatory.
- Return Receipt – Actively sends Signature Confirmation information back to the sender by postcard or emailed PDF (as opposed to merely putting this information into the online tracking system).
- Insurance against loss or damage, for the value of the goods mailed. Amount of coverage can be specified, up to $5000.
- Certified Mail – Provides proof of mailing, and a delivery record. Used for serving legal documents and for sending U.S. Government classified information, up to the "confidential" level.
- Restricted Delivery – Requires delivery to a specific person or their authorized agent, not just to a mailbox.
- Collect On Delivery (C.O.D.) – Allows merchants to offer customers an option to pay upon delivery, up to $1000. Includes insurance.
- Special Handling – For unusual items, like live animals.
- Registered Mail – Used for highly valuable or irreplaceable items, and classified information up to the "secret" level.[85] Registered mail is transported separately from other mail, in locked containers. Tracking is included and insurance up to $25,000 is available.[86]
Postal money orders[link]
Postal money orders provide a safe alternative to sending cash through the mail, and are available in any amount up to $1000. Like a bank check money orders are cashable only by the recipient. Unlike a personal bank check, they are prepaid and therefore cannot be returned because of insufficient funds.[87] Money orders are a declining business for the USPS, as companies like PayPal, PaidByCash and others are offering electronic replacements.
From 1911 to 1967, the Postal Service also operated the United States Postal Savings System, not unlike a savings and loan association with the amount of the deposit limited.[17]
International services[link]
In May 2007, the USPS restructured international service names to correspond with domestic shipping options. Formerly, USPS International services[88] were categorized as Airmail (Letter Post), Economy (Surface) Parcel Post, Airmail Parcel Post, Global Priority, Global Express, and Global Express Guaranteed Mail. The former Airmail (Letter Post) is now First-Class Mail International,[89][90] and includes small packages weighing up to four pounds (1.8 kg). Economy Parcel Post was discontinued for international service, while Airmail Parcel Post was replaced by Priority Mail International. Priority Mail International Flat-Rate packaging in various sizes was introduced, with the same conditions of service previously used for Global Priority. Global Express is now Express Mail International, while Global Express Guaranteed is unchanged. The international mailing classes with a tracking ability are Express, Express Guaranteed, and Priority (except that tracking is not available for Priority Mail International Flat Rate Envelopes or Priority Mail International Small Flat Rate Boxes).[91]
One of the major changes in the new naming and services definitions is that USPS-supplied mailing boxes for Priority and Express mail are now allowed for international use. These services are offered to ship letters and packages to almost every country and territory on the globe. Ironically, the USPS provides much of this service by contracting with a private parcel service, FedEx.[92]
On May 14, 2007, the USPS canceled all outgoing international surface mail (sometimes known as "sea mail") from the United States, citing increased costs and reduced demand due to competition from airmail services such as FedEx and UPS.[93] The decision has been criticized by the Peace Corps and military personnel overseas, as well as independent booksellers and other small businesses who rely on international deliveries.
The USPS provides an M-bag[94] service for international shipment of printed matter;[95] previously surface M-bags existed, but with the 2007 elimination of surface mail, only airmail M-bags remain.[96] The term "M-bag" is not expanded in USPS publications; M-bags are simply defined as "direct sacks of printed matter ... sent to a single foreign addressee at a single address";[95] however, the term is sometimes referred to informally as "media bag", as the bag can also contain "discs, tapes, and cassettes", in addition to books, for which the usual umbrella term is "media"; some also refer to them as "mail bags".
Military mail is billed at domestic rates when being sent from the United States to a military outpost, and is free when sent by deployed military personnel. The overseas logistics are handled by the Military Postal Service Agency in the Department of Defense.[97] Outside of forward areas and active operations, military mail First-Class takes 7–10 days, Priority 10–15 days, and Parcel Post about 24 days.[82]
Airline and rail division[link]
The United States Postal Service does not directly own or operate any aircraft or trains. The mail and packages are flown on airlines with which the Postal Service has a contractual agreement. The contracts change periodically. Depending on the contract, aircraft may be painted with the USPS paint scheme.[citation needed] Contract airlines have included: UPS, Emery Worldwide, Ryan International Airlines, FedEx Express, Rhoades Aviation, American Airlines, United Airlines, and Express One International. The Postal Service also contracts with Amtrak to carry some mail between certain cities such as Chicago and Minneapolis – Saint Paul.
The last air delivery route in the continental U.S., to residents in the Frank Church—River of No Return Wilderness, was scheduled to be ended in June 2009. The weekly bush plane route, contracted out to an air taxi company, had in its final year an annual cost of $46,000, or $2400/year per residence, over ten times the average cost of delivering mail to a residence in the United States.[98] This decision has been reversed by the U.S. Postmaster General.[99]
Sorting and delivery process[link]
Processing of standard sized envelopes and cards is highly automated, including reading of handwritten addresses. Mail from individual customers and public postboxes is collected by mail carriers into plastic tubs. The tubs are taken to a Processing and Distribution Center (P&DC). There are approximately 275 such centers across the United States, which sort mail for a given region (typically a radius of around 200 miles) and connect with the national network for interregional mail.[100]
At the P&DC, mail is emptied into hampers which are then automatically dumped into a Dual Pass Rough Cull System (DPRCS). As mail travels through the DPRCS, large items, such as packages and mail bundles, are removed from the stream. As the remaining mail enters the first machine for processing standard mail, the Advanced Facer-Canceler System (AFCS), pieces that passed through the DPRCS but do not conform to physical dimensions for processing in the AFCS (i.e. large envelopes or overstuffed standard envelopes) are automatically diverted from the stream. Mail removed from the DPRCS and AFCS is manually processed or sent to parcel sorting machines.
In contrast to the previous system, which merely canceled and postmarked the upper right corner of the envelope, thereby missing any stamps which were inappropriately placed, the Advanced Facer-Canceler System locates indicia (stamp or metered postage mark), regardless of the orientation of the mail as it enters the machine, and cancels it by applying a postmark. Detection of indicia enables the AFCS to determine the orientation of each mailpiece and sort it accordingly, rotating pieces as necessary so all mail is sorted right-side up and faced in the same direction in each output bin.
Mail is output by the machine into three categories: mail already affixed with a bar code and addressed (such as business reply envelopes and cards), mail with machine printed (typed) addresses, and mail with handwritten addresses. Additionally, machines with a recent Optical Character Recognition (OCR) upgrade have the capability to read the address information, including handwritten, and sort the mail based on local or outgoing ZIP codes.
Mail with typed addresses goes to a Multiline Optical Character Reader (MLOCR) which reads the ZIP Code and address information and prints the appropriate bar code onto the envelope. Mail (actually the scanned image of the mail) with handwritten addresses (and machine-printed ones that are not easily recognized) goes to the Remote Bar Coding System. It also corrects spelling errors and, where there is an error, omission, or conflict in the written address, identifies the most likely correct address.
When it has decided on a correct address, it prints the appropriate bar code onto the envelopes, similarly to the MLOCR system. RBCS also has facilities in place, called Remote Encoding Centers, that have humans look at images of mail pieces and enter the address data. The address data is associated with the image via an ID Tag, a fluorescent barcode printed by mail processing equipment on the back of mail pieces.
If a customer has filed a change of address card and his or her mail is detected in the mailstream with the old address, the mailpiece is sent to a machine that automatically connects to a Computerized Forwarding System database to determine the new address. If this address is found, the machine will paste a label over the former address with the current address. The mail is returned to the mailstream to forward to the new location.
Mail with addresses that cannot be resolved by the automated system are separated for human intervention. If a local postal worker can read the address, he or she manually sorts it out according to the ZIP code on the article. If the address cannot be read, mail is either returned to the sender (first-class mail with a valid return address) or is sent to the Mail Recovery Center in Atlanta, Georgia (formerly known as Dead Letter Offices, originated by Benjamin Franklin in the 1770s[citation needed]) where it receives more intense scrutiny, including being opened to determine if any of the contents are a clue. If no valid address can be determined, the items are held for 90 days in case of inquiry by the customer; and if they are not claimed then they are either destroyed or auctioned off at the monthly Postal Service Unclaimed Parcel auction to raise money for the service.
Once the mail is bar coded, it is automatically sorted by a Delivery Bar Code System that reads the bar code and determines the destination of the mailpiece to postal stations.
Regional mail is trucked to the appropriate local post office or kept in the building for carrier routes served directly from the P&DC. Out-of-region mail is trucked to the airport and then flown, usually as baggage on commercial airlines, to the airport nearest the destination station. At the destination P&DC, mail is once again read by a DBCS which sorts the items into their local destinations, including grouping them by individual mail carrier.
At the carrier route level, 95% of letters arrive pre-sorted;[100] the remaining mail must be sorted by hand. The Post Office is working to increase the percentage of automatically sorted mail, including a pilot program to sort "flats".[101]
Types of postal facilities[link]
Although its customer service centers are called post offices in regular speech, the USPS recognizes several types of postal facilities, including the following:
- A main post office (formerly known as a general post office) is the primary postal facility in a community.
- A station or post office station, a postal facility that is not the main post office, but that is within the corporate limits of the community.
- A branch or post office branch, a postal facility that is not the main post office and that is outside the corporate limits of the community.
- A classified unit, a station or branch operated by USPS employees in a facility owned or leased by the USPS.
- A contract postal unit (or CPU), a station or branch operated by a contractor, typically in a store or other place of business.[102]
- A community post office (or CPO), a contract postal unit providing services in a small community in which other types of post office facilities have been discontinued.
- A finance unit, a station or branch that provides window services and accepts mail, but does not provide delivery.
- A processing and distribution center (P&DC, or processing and distribution facility, formerly known as a General Mail Facility), a central mail facility that processes and dispatches incoming and outgoing mail to and from a designated service area. (275 nationwide.)[100]
- An international service center (ISC), an international mail processing facility. There are only five such USPS facilities in the United States, located in Chicago, New York, Miami, Los Angeles and San Francisco.[103]
- A sectional center facility (SCF), a P&DC for a designated geographical area defined by one or more three-digit ZIP code prefixes.
- A network distribution center, formerly known as a bulk mail center (BMC), a central mail facility that processes bulk rate parcels as the hub in a hub and spoke network.
- An auxiliary sorting facility (ASF), a central mail facility that processes bulk rate parcels as spokes in a hub and spoke network.
- A remote encoding center (REC), a facility at which clerks receive images of problem mail pieces (those with hard-to-read addresses, etc.) via secure Internet-type feeds and manually type the addresses they can decipher, using a special encoding protocol. The mail pieces are then sprayed with the correct addresses or are sorted for further handling according to the instructions given via encoding. The total number of RECs is down from 55 in 1998 to just 5 centers in April 2009. In 2010, there will be just two remaining RECs open, in Salt Lake City, Utah and Wichita, Kansas. More closures will occur as computer software becomes more able to read most addresses, but a few centers are expected to remain open (see Evolutionary Network Development below).
- A village post office (VPO), a post office concept beginning in 2011, village post offices are an integral part of the USPS plan to close low volume post offices. Many of these will be replaced with village post offices that will fill the role of the post office within that zip code and be located in local business or government centers and operated by those entities as specified in the contract negotiated between the entity and USPS.[104]
While common usage refers to all types of postal facilities as "substations", the USPS Glossary of Postal Terms does not define or even list that word.[102] Post Offices often share facilities with other governmental organizations located within a city's central business district. In those locations, often Courthouses and Federal Buildings, the building is owned by the General Services Administration while the U.S. Postal Services operates as a tenant.[105] There are approximately 36,000 post offices, stations, and branches in the USPS retail system.[106] Temporary stations are also set up for applying pictorial cancellations.
Automated Postal Centers[link]
In 2004 the USPS began deploying Automated Postal Centers (APC).[107] APCs are unattended kiosks that are capable of weighing, franking, and storing packages for later pickup as well as selling domestic and international postage stamps. Similarly, traditional vending machines are available at many post offices to purchase stamps, though these are being phased out in many areas.[108] Due to increasing use of Internet services, as of June, 2009, no retail post office windows are open 24 hours; overnight services are limited to those provided by an Automated Postal Center.[109]
Evolutionary Network Development (END) program[link]
In February 2006, the USPS announced that they plan to replace the nine existing facility-types with five processing facility-types:[110]
- Regional Distribution Centers (RDCs), which will process all classes of parcels and bundles and serve as Surface Transfer Centers;
- Local Processing Centers (LPCs), which will process single-piece letters and flats and cancel mail;
- Destination Processing Centers (DPC), sort the mail for individual mail carriers;
- Airport Transfer Centers (ATCs), which will serve as transfer points only; and
- Remote Encoding Centers (RECs).
Over a period of years, these facilities are expected to replace Processing & Distribution Centers, Customer Service Facilities, Bulk Mail Centers, Logistic and Distribution Centers, annexes, the Hub and Spoke Program, Air Mail Centers, and International Service Centers.
The changes are a result of the declining volumes of single-piece first-class mail, population shifts, the increase in drop shipments by advertising mailers at destinating postal facilities, advancements in equipment and technology, redundancies in the existing network, and the need for operational flexibility.
Final delivery[link]
Delivery days[link]
Until 1912, mail was delivered seven days a week. As the postal service grew in popularity and usage in the 19th century, local religious leaders noticed a decline in Sunday-morning church attendance because of local post offices' doubling as gathering places. These leaders appealed to the government to intervene and close post offices on Sundays.[111][112]
Because of this intervention by the government, U.S. Mail (with the exception of Express Mail)[113] is not delivered on Sunday, except in a few towns in which the local religion has had an effect on the policy, such as Loma Linda, California, which has a significant Seventh-day Adventist population[111] and where U.S. Mail is delivered Sunday through Friday, with the exception of observed federal holidays.
Saturday delivery was temporarily suspended in April 1957, because of lack of funds, but quickly restored.[114][115] On January 28, 2009, Postmaster General John E. Potter testified before the Senate[116] that, if the Postal Service could not readjust its payment toward the pre-funding of retiree health benefits, as mandated by the Postal Accountability & Enhancement Act of 2006,[117] the USPS would be forced to consider cutting delivery to five days per week during June, July, and August.
H.R. 22, addressing this issue, passed the House of Representatives and Senate and was signed into law on September 30, 2009. However, PMG Potter has continued to unveil a plan to eliminate Saturday mail delivery. The universal service obligation[118] and six day delivery are upheld by Congressional language within Appropriations legislation, so a reduction in service would require action from the House and Senate.[119]
On June 10, 2009, the NRLCA was contacted for its input on the USPS's current study of the impact of five-day delivery along with developing an implementation plan for a five-day service plan. A team of postal service headquarters executives and staff has been given a time frame of sixty days to complete the study. The current concept examines the impact of five-day delivery with no business or collections on Saturday, with Post Offices with current Saturday hours remaining open.
Chairman José Serrano (D–NY), of the House Appropriations subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government, which oversees language mandating six day service, said "While I understand the seriousness of the Postal Service's fiscal issues, I remain supportive of a six day delivery schedule. I will be in conversations in coming weeks with the senior postal leadership and the postal unions in an effort to avoid service cuts."
On Thursday, April 15, 2010, the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform held a hearing to examine the status of the Postal Service and recent reports on short and long term strategies for the financial viability and stability of the USPS entitled "Continuing to Deliver: An Examination of the Postal Service's Current Financial Crisis and its Future Viability." At which, PMG Potter testified that by the year 2020, the USPS cumulative losses could exceed $238 billion, and that mail volume could drop 15 percent from 2009.[120]
Direct delivery vs. customer pickup[link]
Originally, mail was not delivered to homes and businesses, but to post offices. In 1863, "city delivery" began in urban areas with enough customers to make this economical. This required streets to be named, houses to be numbered, with sidewalks and lighting provided, and these street addresses to be added to envelopes.[121] The number of routes served expanded over time. In 1891, the first experiments with Rural Free Delivery began in less densely populated areas.
To compensate for high mail volume and slow long-distance transportation which saw mail arrive at post offices throughout the day, deliveries were made multiple times a day. This ranged from twice for residential areas to up to seven times for the central business district of Brooklyn, New York.[122] In the late 19th century, mail boxes were encouraged, saving carriers the time it took to deliver directly to the addressee in person; in the 1910s and 1920s, they were phased in as a requirement for service.[121] In the 1940s, multiple daily deliveries began to be reduced, especially on Saturdays. By 1990, the last twice-daily deliveries in New York City were eliminated.
Today, mail is delivered once a day on-site to most private homes and businesses. The USPS still distinguishes between city delivery (where carriers generally walk and deliver to mailboxes hung on exterior walls or porches, or to commercial reception areas) and rural delivery (where carriers generally drive).[123] With "curbside delivery", mailboxes are at the ends of driveways, on the nearest convenient road. "Central point delivery" is used in some locations, where several nearby residences share a "cluster" of individual mailboxes in a single housing.
Some customers choose to use post office boxes for an additional fee, for privacy or convenience. This provides a locked box at the post office to which mail is addressed and delivered (usually earlier in the day than home delivery). Customers in less densely populated areas where there is no city delivery and who do not qualify for rural delivery may receive mail only through post office boxes. High-volume business customers can also arrange for special pick-up.[124][125]
Another option is the old-style general delivery, for people who have neither post office boxes nor street addresses. Mail is held at the post office until they present identification and pick it up.
Some customers receive free post office boxes if the USPS declines to provide door-to-door delivery to their location or a nearby box.[126] People with medical problems can request door-to-door delivery.[127] Homeless people are also eligible for post office boxes at the discretion of the local postmaster, or can use general delivery.[128]
Special delivery[link]
From 1885 to 1997, a service called special delivery was available, which caused a separate delivery to the final location earlier in the day than the usual daily rounds.
Forwarding and holds[link]
Residential customers can fill out a form to forward mail to a new address, and can also send pre-printed forms to any of their frequent correspondents. They can also put their mail on "hold", for example, while on vacation. The Post Office will store mail during the hold, instead of letting it overflow in the mailbox. These services are not available to large buildings and customers of a commercial mail receiving agency,[129] where mail is subsorted by non-Post Office employees into individual mailboxes.
Employment in the USPS[link]
File:RLC.jpg
A Rural Letter Carrier from Fort Myers, Florida.
The Postal Service is the nation's second-largest civilian employer.[2] As of 2011[update], it employed 574,000 personnel, divided into offices, processing centers, and actual post offices.[2] The United States Postal Service is a Fortune 500 company.
Labor unions representing USPS employees include: The American Postal Workers Union (APWU), which represents postal clerks and maintenance, motor vehicle, mail equipment shops, material distribution centers, and operating services and facilities services employees, postal nurses, and IT and accounting [130]; the National Association of Letter Carriers (NALC), which represents city letter carriers; the National Rural Letter Carriers' Association (NRLCA), which represents rural letter carriers; and the National Postal Mail Handlers Union (NPMHU).
USPS employees are divided into three major crafts according to the work they engage in:
- Mail carriers, also referred to as mailmen or letter carriers, prepare and deliver mail and parcels. They are divided into two categories: City Letter Carriers, who are represented by the NALC, and Rural Letter Carriers, who are represented by the NRLCA. City carriers are paid hourly with the potential for overtime. City Carriers are also subject to "undertime" on a daily basis[citation needed]. "Pivoting" is when a Carrier's assigned route will take less than 8 hours to complete. Management may "pivot" the Carrier to work on another route to fill that Carrier up to 8 hours. Pivoting is a tool postal management uses to redistribute and eliminate overtime costs, based on consultation with the Carrier about his/her estimated workload for the day and mail volume projections from the DOIS (Delivery Operations Information System) computer program. City Carrier routes are adjusted and/ or eliminated based on information (length, time, and overall workload) also controlled by this program, consultations with the Carrier assigned to the route, and a current PS Form 3999 (street observation by a Postal supervisor to determine accurate times spent on actual delivery of mail).
- Rural carriers are under a form of salary called "evaluated hours", usually with overtime built in to their pay. The evaluated hours are created by having all mail counted for a period of two or four weeks, and a formula used to create the set dollar amount they will be paid for each day worked until the next time the route is counted.
- Mail handlers and processors, prepare mail and parcels, by delivery route, for the mail carrier.
- Clerks, who directly handle customer needs and sort standard and bulk-rate mail. Data Conversion Operators, who encode address information at Remote Encoding Centers, are also members of the clerk craft.
Other non-managerial positions in the USPS include:
- Maintenance and custodians, who see to the overall operation and cleaning of mail sorting machines, work areas, public parking and general facility operations.
- Transitional employees (TEs), who are hired for terms of 360 days (with the option of appointment to another 360 day term after a 5 day break), are given the same hourly base pay as a Part Time Flexible carrier, but receive no benefits other than annual leave. Transitional employees may be released by the USPS upon completion of their 360 day term, lack of work, or for "just cause" and can be represented by the NALC.
- Career, Part Time Flexible and Transitional employees (Career, PTF & TE DCOs) at a remote encoding center are still under clerks category but under a different contract than a plant worker or mail carrier and, therefore, are also under a different union (APWU) than the above mentioned Career, TEs and PTFs. There are several differences between working as a carrier or plant worker VS. working at a REC. Even pay is different.
Though the USPS employs many individuals, as more Americans send information via email, fewer postal workers are needed to work dwindling amounts of mail. Post offices and mail facilities are constantly downsizing, replacing craft positions with new machines and consolidating mail routes through the MIARAP (Modified Interim Alternate Route Adjustment Process) agreement. A major round of job cuts, early retirements, and a construction freeze were announced on March 20, 2009.[131]
Violence as "going postal"[link]
In the early 1990s, widely publicized workplace shootings by disgruntled employees at USPS facilities led to a postal regulation that prohibits the possession of firearms in all postal facilities. Due to media coverage, postal employees gained a reputation among the general public as more likely to be mentally ill. The USPS Commission on a Safe and Secure Workplace found that "Postal workers are only a third as likely as those in the national workforce to be victims of homicide at work."[132]
This stereotype in turn has influenced American culture, as seen in the slang term "going postal" (see Patrick Sherrill for information on his August 20, 1986, rampage) and the computer game Postal. Also, in the opening sequence of Naked Gun 33⅓: The Final Insult, a yell of "Disgruntled postal workers" is heard, followed by the arrival of postal workers with machine guns. In an episode of Seinfeld, the character Newman, who is a mailman, explained in a dramatic monologue that postal workers "go crazy and kill everyone" because the mail never stops. In The Simpsons episode "Sunday, Cruddy Sunday," Nelson Muntz asks Postmaster Bill if he has "ever gone on a killing spree"; Bill replies, "The day of the disgruntled postman went out with the Macarena".
In fiction[link]
- In the 1947 film Miracle on 34th Street, the identity of Kris Kringle (played by Edmund Gwenn) as the one and only "Santa Claus" was validated by a state court, based on the delivery of 21 bags of mail (famously carried into the courtroom) to the character in question. The contention was that it would have been illegal for the United States Post Office to deliver mail that was addressed to "Santa Claus" to the character "Kris Kringle" unless he was, in fact, the one and only Santa Claus. Judge Henry X. Harper (played by Gene Lockhart) ruled that since the US Government had demonstrated through the delivery of the bags of mail that Kris Kringle was Santa Claus, the State of New York did not have the authority to overrule that decision.
- In the TV series Seinfeld, Newman is an employee at the USPS, which is portrayed in the series as a powerful, nefarious organization. In The Junk Mail episode 161 he claims that ZIP codes are meaningless; that no mail carrier has successfully delivered more than 50% of their mail (a feat he compares to the 3-minute mile), and that several postal workers go on killing sprees because, as he puts it, "the mail never stops". In the same episode, Cosmo Kramer is abducted by Post Office security men for running an anti-mail campaign after he realizes the Postal Service has become obsolete.
- The TV series Cheers featured John Ratzenberger as Cliff Clavin, a USPS worker and a regular in the bar.
- The 1997 movie The Postman portrays the United States Postal Service and its returned services to revive the United States economy in a post-apocalyptic world.
See also[link]
- United States postal abbreviations
- United States Postal Service creed
- USPS Post Office Box Lobby Recycling program
Unions of the U.S. Postal Service:
- American Postal Workers Union
- National Association of Letter Carriers
- National Postal Mail Handlers Union
- National Rural Letter Carriers' Association
History:
- Post Office Murals
- American Letter Mail Company
- History of United States postage rates
- Postage stamps and postal history of the United States of America
References[link]
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- ^ Advanced Preparation and Special Postage Payment Systems – Manifest Mailing System – Electronic Verification System. Pe.usps.gov. Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
- ^ USPS Memo To Mailers – August 2006 "Making It E-Easy For High-Volume Shippers"[dead link]
- ^ "Stamp Collecting: What other stamp materials can I collect?". United States Postal Service. http://shop.usps.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ContentUpload1View?status=i&langId=-1&storeId=10001&catalogId=10152&HTMLName=stampcollecting.html&pagetitle=S_Collecting#asc8. Retrieved December 11, 2008.
- ^ "U.S Copyright Office Practices section 206.02(b)". United States Copyright Office. http://ipmall.info/hosted_resources/CopyrightCompendium/chapter_0200.asp. Retrieved August 18, 2008.
- ^ "Rights and Permission Overview". United States Postal Service. http://about.usps.com/doing-business/rights-permissions/welcome.htm. Retrieved June 18, 2010.
- ^ "A Customer's Guide to Mailing". United States Postal Service. Archived from the original on January 27, 2012. http://www.webcitation.org/650cPgTsO. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e USPS FAQ – Domestic Classes of Mail Estimated Delivery Time. Faq.usps.com (November 26, 2008). Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
- ^ "Postage Payment for Bound Printed Matter Limited to Permit Imprint". USPS. September 11, 2008. http://pe.usps.com/Bound_Printed_Matter.txt.
- ^ USPS.com. USPS.com (November 26, 2008). Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
- ^ Executive Order No. 10501. Fas.org. Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
- ^ USPS.com. USPS.com (November 26, 2008). Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
- ^ Domestic Money Orders. USPS (November 26, 2008). Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
- ^ "International Delivery Options". USPS. http://www.usps.com/international/deliveryoptions.htm. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
- ^ USPS International Mail Manual, Issue 35. Pe.usps.gov. Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
- ^ First-Class Mail International. USPS (November 26, 2008). Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
- ^ USPS.com. Retrieved November 16, 2010.
- ^ USPS press release, June 8, 2004, Release No. 40, FedEx to deliver premium postal int'l service. Retrieved October 10, 2007.
- ^ USPS International Mail – Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved October 10, 2007. Archived September 29, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Styling for "M-bag" is inconsistent – the term is styled both as M-bag (with a hyphen) and M–bag (with an en-dash).
- ^ a b Postal Explorer > IMM Issue 37 – International Mail Manual > 2 Conditions for Mailing > 260 Direct Sacks of Printed Matter to One Addressee (M–bags)
- ^ Airmail M-Bags. Usps.com (November 26, 2008). Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
- ^ USPS FAQ – Mailing to military personnel. Faq.usps.com. Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
- ^ Air mail route grounded for Central Idaho backcountry, an April 2009 article from the Idaho Statesman
- ^ Idaho delegation gets reversal on backcountry mail delivery decision, Senators Mike Crapo and Jim Risch and Representative Walt Minnick press release, May 7, 2009
- ^ a b c Allbusiness.com. Allbusiness.com. Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
- ^ USPS.com. USPS.com. Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
- ^ a b Publication 32 – Glossary of Postal Terms. (PDF) . Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
- ^ "USPS Postal News Release No. 08-063". usps.com. June 5, 2008. http://www.usps.com/communications/newsroom/2008/pr08_063.htm. Retrieved September 1, 2009.
- ^ "USPS VPO Fact Sheet". usps.com. July 26, 2011. http://about.usps.com/news/electronic-press-kits/expandedaccess/assets/pdf/vpo-fact-sheet-110726.pdf. Retrieved November 17, 2011.
- ^ "Texas Federal Buildings:Galveston U.S. Post Office and Courthouse". General Services Administration. http://www.gsa.gov/Portal/gsa/ep/contentView.do?contentType=GSA_BASIC&contentId=18257. Retrieved December 20, 2009.
- ^ USPS.com. USPS.com. Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
- ^ Lunewsviews.com
- ^ USPS.com. USPS.com (November 26, 2008). Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
- ^ Chicago's 24-Hour Postal Service Comes To An End by Cheryl Corley. All Things Considered, National Public Radio. June 5, 2009.
- ^ Lunewsviews.com
- ^ a b About.com, "Sunday Mail Service in a Christian Nation", Austin Cline, February 19, 2006. Retrieved October 10, 2007.
- ^ "The United States Postal Service: An American History 1775 – 2006".
- ^ USPS – Express Mail Delivery Chart. Retrieved October 10, 2007. Archived September 29, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Historyorb.com, events April 13.
- ^ Historyorb.com, events April 15
- ^ "Postmaster General/CEO John E. Potter Before the Subcommittee on Federal Financial Management". http://hsgac.senate.gov/public/_files/Potter.pdf. Retrieved January 28, 2009.
- ^ "Postal Accountability & Enhancement Act of 2006". http://www.usps.com/postallaw/_pdf/PostalServiceNetworkPlan.pdf. Retrieved February 11, 2009.
- ^ "Report on Universal Postal Service and the Postal Monopoly". http://www.usps.com/postallaw/universalpostalservice.htm. Retrieved February 11, 2009.
- ^ "NRLCA President Don Cantriel & the entire National Board fully support 6-Day Delivery & oppose 5-Day Delivery which could further erode the Postal Service's dwindling customer base". http://www.nrlca.org/membershipUpdates/selectedMembershipUpdate.cfm/memUpID/124. Retrieved July 15, 2009.
- ^ "Statement of Postmaster General/CEO John E. Potter Before the Committee on Governmant on Oversight & Government Reform United States House of Representatives & Subcommittee on Federal Workforce, Postal Service, and the District of Colombia". http://oversight.house.gov/images/stories/Hearings/Committee_on_Oversight/2010/041510_Postal_Service/TESTIMONY-Potter-USPS.pdf. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
- ^ a b City Delivery. (PDF) . Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
- ^ Deliveries per Day. (PDF) . Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
- ^ Home Delivery. USPS (November 26, 2008). Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
- ^ USPS FAQ – Caller Service, multiple pickups for a fee
- ^ USPS FAQ – Firm Holdout Service, free pickup once a day
- ^ USPS FAQ – Do I qualify for free box service?. Faq.usps.com (November 26, 2008). Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
- ^ USPS FAQ – Hardship / Medical Problems. Faq.usps.com (November 26, 2008). Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
- ^ USPS FAQ – Mail service available for the homeless. Faq.usps.com (November 26, 2008). Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
- ^ USPS FAQ – Commercial Mail Receiving Agency (CMRA). Faq.usps.com (November 26, 2008). Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
- ^ Collective Bargaining Agreement between APWU and USPS
- ^ "Postal service to slash more than 3,000 jobs, offer early retirements". CNN. March 20, 2009. http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/03/20/post.office.cuts/index.html. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
- ^ USPS Commission on a Safe and Secure Workplace, January 31, 2006. Retrieved October 10, 2007.
Further reading[link]
- Understanding the Private Express StatutesPDF (146 KB) USPS Publication 542 (June 1998)
- USPS Employee Uniform Program – feature article at Uniforms magazine, September 2007[dead link]
- "Father of 3-cent Stamp" Spooner fought Post Office Account of Lysander Spooner's fight against USPS monopoly
- The Unconstitutionality of the Laws of Congress Prohibiting Private Mails by Lysander Spooner
- The Post Office and Private Mail Service 19th century American individualist anarchist Benjamin Tucker opposes USPS monopoly
- America's Post Office Challenges The Digital Age An argument in support of ending the government monopoly
- Time for the Mail Monopoly to Go
- Postal Service Privatization Dr. Edward L. Hudgins, of the Cato Institute, speaks to Appropriations Subcommittee on Treasury, Postal Service, and General Government
- Postal Service Meeting Notices and Rule Changes from The Federal Register RSS Feed
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: United States Postal Service |
- Official website (Mobile)
- USPS Priority Mail official website
- USPS Glossary of Postal Terms (Publication 32)PDF (519 KB)
- U.S. Postal Inspection Service official website
- USPS Office of the Inspector General official website
- Postal Regulatory Commission official website
- U.S. Postal Service Media Center
- US Postal Service Congressional Research Service Reports
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the United States of America. For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation).
| United States of America | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Motto: In God We Trust (official) E Pluribus Unum (traditional) (Latin: Out of Many, One) |
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Anthem: "The Star-Spangled Banner" |
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.svg) |
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| Capital | Washington, D.C. 38°53′N 77°01′W / 38.883°N 77.017°W / 38.883; -77.017 |
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| Largest city | New York City | |||||
| Official language(s) | None at federal level[a] | |||||
| National language | English (de facto)[b] | |||||
| Demonym | American | |||||
| Government | Federal presidential constitutional republic | |||||
| - | President | Barack Obama (D) | ||||
| - | Vice President | Joe Biden (D) | ||||
| - | Speaker of the House | John Boehner (R) | ||||
| - | Chief Justice | John Roberts | ||||
| Legislature | Congress | |||||
| - | Upper house | Senate | ||||
| - | Lower house | House of Representatives | ||||
| Independence | from the Kingdom of Great Britain | |||||
| - | Declared | July 4, 1776 | ||||
| - | Recognized | September 3, 1783 | ||||
| - | Current constitution | June 21, 1788 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 9,826,675 km2 [1][c](3rd/4th) 3,794,101 sq mi |
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| - | Water (%) | 6.76 | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 2012 estimate | 313,802,000[2] (3rd) | ||||
| - | Density | 33.7/km2 87.4/sq mi |
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| GDP (PPP) | 2011 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $15.094 trillion[3] (1st) | ||||
| - | Per capita | $48,386[3] (6th) | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2011 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $15.094 trillion[3] (1st) | ||||
| - | Per capita | $48,386[3] (15th) | ||||
| Gini (2007) | 45.0[1] (39th) | |||||
| HDI (2011) |  0.910[4] (very high) (4th) |
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| Currency | United States dollar ($) (USD) |
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| Time zone | (UTC−5 to −10) | |||||
| - | Summer (DST) | (UTC−4 to −10) | ||||
| Date formats | m/d/yy (AD) | |||||
| Drives on the | right | |||||
| Internet TLD | .us .gov .mil .edu | |||||
| Calling code | +1 | |||||
| ^ a. English is the official language of at least 28 states—some sources give a higher figure, based on differing definitions of "official".[5] English and Hawaiian are both official languages in the state of Hawaii.
^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language. ^ c. Whether the United States or China is larger is disputed. The figure given is from the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency's World Factbook. Other sources give smaller figures. All authoritative calculations of the country's size include only the 50 states and the District of Columbia, not the territories. ^ d. The population estimate includes people whose usual residence is in the fifty states and the District of Columbia, including noncitizens. It does not include either those living in the territories, amounting to more than 4 million U.S. citizens (mostly in Puerto Rico), or U.S. citizens living outside the United States. |
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.svg)
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries.[6] The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity).[3][7] Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.[3]
Indigenous peoples descended from forebears who migrated from Asia have inhabited what is now the mainland United States for many thousands of years. This Native American population was greatly reduced by disease and warfare after European contact. The United States was founded by thirteen British colonies located along the Atlantic seaboard. On July 4, 1776, they issued the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed their right to self-determination and their establishment of a cooperative union. The rebellious states defeated the British Empire in the American Revolution, the first successful colonial war of independence.[8] The current United States Constitution was adopted on September 17, 1787; its ratification the following year made the states part of a single republic with a stronger central government. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments guaranteeing many fundamental civil rights and freedoms, was ratified in 1791.
Through the 19th century, the United States displaced native tribes, acquired the Louisiana territory from France, Florida from Spain, part of the Oregon Country from the United Kingdom, Alta California and New Mexico from Mexico, and Alaska from Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii. Disputes between the agrarian South and industrial North over the expansion of the institution of slavery and states' rights provoked the Civil War of the 1860s. The North's victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led to the end of legal slavery in the United States. By the 1870s, its national economy was the world's largest.[9] The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the country's status as a military power. It emerged from World War II as the first country with nuclear weapons and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union left the United States as the sole superpower. The country accounts for 41% of global military spending,[10] and is a leading economic, political, and cultural force in the world.[11]
Contents |
Etymology[link]
See also: Names for United States citizens
In 1507, German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a world map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere "America" after Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci.[12] The former British colonies first used the country's modern name in the 1776 Declaration of Independence, the "unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America".[13] On November 15, 1777, the Second Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation, which states, "The Stile of this Confederacy shall be 'The United States of America'." The Franco-American treaties of 1778 used "United States of North America", but from July 11, 1778, "United States of America" was used on the country's bills of exchange, and it has been the official name ever since.[14]
The short form "United States" is also standard. Other common forms include the "U.S.", the "USA", and "America". Colloquial names include the "U.S. of A." and, internationally, the "States". "Columbia", a once popular name for the United States, derives from Christopher Columbus; it appears in the name "District of Columbia".
The standard way to refer to a citizen of the United States is as an "American". Although "United States" is the official appositional term, "American" and "U.S." are more commonly used to refer to the country adjectivally ("American values", "U.S. forces"). "American" is rarely used in English to refer to people not connected to the United States.[15]
The phrase "United States" was originally treated as plural—e.g., "the United States are"—including in the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1865. It became common to treat it as singular—e.g., "the United States is"—after the end of the Civil War. The singular form is now standard; the plural form is retained in the idiom "these United States".[16]
Geography and environment[link]
Main articles: Geography of the United States, Climate of the United States, and Environment of the United States
The land area of the contiguous United States is approximately 1,900 million acres (7,700,000 km2). Alaska, separated from the contiguous United States by Canada, is the largest state at 365 million acres (1,480,000 km2). Hawaii, occupying an archipelago in the central Pacific, southwest of North America, has just over 4 million acres (16,000 km2).[17] The United States is the world's third or fourth largest nation by total area (land and water), ranking behind Russia and Canada and just above or below China. The ranking varies depending on how two territories disputed by China and India are counted and how the total size of the United States is measured: calculations range from 3,676,486 square miles (9,522,055 km2)[18] to 3,717,813 square miles (9,629,091 km2)[19] to 3,794,101 square miles (9,826,676 km2).[1] Including only land area, the United States is third in size behind Russia and China, just ahead of Canada.[20]
The coastal plain of the Atlantic seaboard gives way further inland to deciduous forests and the rolling hills of the Piedmont. The Appalachian Mountains divide the eastern seaboard from the Great Lakes and the grasslands of the Midwest. The Mississippi–Missouri River, the world's fourth longest river system, runs mainly north–south through the heart of the country. The flat, fertile prairie of the Great Plains stretches to the west, interrupted by a highland region in the southeast. The Rocky Mountains, at the western edge of the Great Plains, extend north to south across the country, reaching altitudes higher than 14,000 feet (4,300 m) in Colorado. Farther west are the rocky Great Basin and deserts such as the Chihuahua and Mojave. The Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountain ranges run close to the Pacific coast. At 20,320 feet (6,194 m), Alaska's Mount McKinley is the tallest peak in the country and in North America. Active volcanoes are common throughout Alaska's Alexander and Aleutian Islands, and Hawaii consists of volcanic islands. The supervolcano underlying Yellowstone National Park in the Rockies is the continent's largest volcanic feature.[21]
The United States, with its large size and geographic variety, includes most climate types. To the east of the 100th meridian, the climate ranges from humid continental in the north to humid subtropical in the south. The southern tip of Florida is tropical, as is Hawaii. The Great Plains west of the 100th meridian are semi-arid. Much of the Western mountains are alpine. The climate is arid in the Great Basin, desert in the Southwest, Mediterranean in coastal California, and oceanic in coastal Oregon and Washington and southern Alaska. Most of Alaska is subarctic or polar. Extreme weather is not uncommon—the states bordering the Gulf of Mexico are prone to hurricanes, and most of the world's tornadoes occur within the country, mainly in the Midwest's Tornado Alley.[22]
The U.S. ecology is considered "megadiverse": about 17,000 species of vascular plants occur in the contiguous United States and Alaska, and over 1,800 species of flowering plants are found in Hawaii, few of which occur on the mainland.[23] The United States is home to more than 400 mammal, 750 bird, and 500 reptile and amphibian species.[24] About 91,000 insect species have been described.[25] The Endangered Species Act of 1973 protects threatened and endangered species and their habitats, which are monitored by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. There are fifty-eight national parks and hundreds of other federally managed parks, forests, and wilderness areas.[26] Altogether, the government owns 28.8% of the country's land area.[27] Most of this is protected, though some is leased for oil and gas drilling, mining, logging, or cattle ranching; 2.4% is used for military purposes.[27]
Political divisions[link]
Main article: U.S. state
Further information: Territorial evolution of the United States and United States territorial acquisitions
The United States is a federal union of fifty states. The original thirteen states were the successors of the thirteen colonies that rebelled against British rule. Early in the country's history, three new states were organized on territory separated from the claims of the existing states: Kentucky from Virginia; Tennessee from North Carolina; and Maine from Massachusetts. Most of the other states have been carved from territories obtained through war or purchase by the U.S. government. One set of exceptions comprises Vermont, Texas, and Hawaii: each was an independent republic before joining the union. During the American Civil War, West Virginia broke away from Virginia. The most recent state—Hawaii—achieved statehood on August 21, 1959.[28] The states do not have the right to secede from the union.
The states compose the vast bulk of the U.S. land mass; the two other areas considered integral parts of the country are the District of Columbia, the federal district where the capital, Washington, is located; and Palmyra Atoll, an uninhabited but incorporated territory in the Pacific Ocean. The United States also possesses five major overseas territories: Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands in the Caribbean; and American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands in the Pacific.[29] Those born in the major territories (except for American Samoa) possess U.S. citizenship.[30] American citizens residing in the territories have many of the same rights and responsibilities as citizens residing in the states; however, they are generally exempt from federal income tax, may not vote for president, and have only nonvoting representation in the U.S. Congress.[31]
History[link]
Main article: History of the United States
Native American and European settlement[link]
The indigenous peoples of the U.S. mainland, including Alaska Natives, are believed to have migrated from Asia, beginning between 40,000 and 12,000 years ago.[32] Some, such as the pre-Columbian Mississippian culture, developed advanced agriculture, grand architecture, and state-level societies. After Europeans began settling the Americas, many millions of indigenous Americans died from epidemics of imported diseases such as smallpox.[33]
In 1492, Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus, under contract to the Spanish crown, reached several Caribbean islands, making first contact with the indigenous people. On April 2, 1513, Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León landed on what he called "La Florida"—the first documented European arrival on what would become the U.S. mainland. Spanish settlements in the region were followed by ones in the present-day southwestern United States that drew thousands through Mexico. French fur traders established outposts of New France around the Great Lakes; France eventually claimed much of the North American interior, down to the Gulf of Mexico. The first successful English settlements were the Virginia Colony in Jamestown in 1607 and the Pilgrims' Plymouth Colony in 1620. The 1628 chartering of the Massachusetts Bay Colony resulted in a wave of migration; by 1634, New England had been settled by some 10,000 Puritans. Between the late 1610s and the American Revolution, about 50,000 convicts were shipped to Britain's American colonies.[34] Beginning in 1614, the Dutch settled along the lower Hudson River, including New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island.
In 1674, the Dutch ceded their American territory to England; the province of New Netherland was renamed New York. Many new immigrants, especially to the South, were indentured servants—some two-thirds of all Virginia immigrants between 1630 and 1680.[35] By the turn of the 18th century, African slaves were becoming the primary source of bonded labor. With the 1729 division of the Carolinas and the 1732 colonization of Georgia, the thirteen British colonies that would become the United States of America were established. All had local governments with elections open to most free men, with a growing devotion to the ancient rights of Englishmen and a sense of self-government stimulating support for republicanism. All legalized the African slave trade. With high birth rates, low death rates, and steady immigration, the colonial population grew rapidly. The Christian revivalist movement of the 1730s and 1740s known as the Great Awakening fueled interest in both religion and religious liberty. In the French and Indian War, British forces seized Canada from the French, but the francophone population remained politically isolated from the southern colonies. Excluding the Native Americans (popularly known as "American Indians"), who were being displaced, those thirteen colonies had a population of 2.6 million in 1770, about one-third that of Britain; nearly one in five Americans were black slaves.[36] Though subject to British taxation, the American colonials had no representation in the Parliament of Great Britain.
Independence and expansion[link]
Tensions between American colonials and the British during the revolutionary period of the 1760s and early 1770s led to the American Revolutionary War, fought from 1775 to 1781. On June 14, 1775, the Continental Congress, convening in Philadelphia, established a Continental Army under the command of George Washington. Proclaiming that "all men are created equal" and endowed with "certain unalienable Rights", the Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence, drafted largely by Thomas Jefferson, on July 4, 1776. That date is now celebrated annually as America's Independence Day. In 1777, the Articles of Confederation established a weak confederal government that operated until 1789.
After the British defeat by American forces assisted by the French and Spanish, Great Britain recognized the independence of the United States and the states' sovereignty over American territory west to the Mississippi River. Those wishing to establish a strong federal government with powers of taxation organized a constitutional convention in 1787. The United States Constitution was ratified in 1788, and the new republic's first Senate, House of Representatives, and president—George Washington—took office in 1789. The Bill of Rights, forbidding federal restriction of personal freedoms and guaranteeing a range of legal protections, was adopted in 1791.
Attitudes toward slavery were shifting; a clause in the Constitution protected the Atlantic slave trade only until 1808. The Northern states abolished slavery between 1780 and 1804, leaving the slave states of the South as defenders of the "peculiar institution". The Second Great Awakening, beginning about 1800, made evangelicalism a force behind various social reform movements, including abolitionism.
Americans' eagerness to expand westward prompted a long series of Indian Wars. The Louisiana Purchase of French-claimed territory under President Thomas Jefferson in 1803 almost doubled the nation's size.[37] The War of 1812, declared against Britain over various grievances and fought to a draw, strengthened U.S. nationalism. A series of U.S. military incursions into Florida led Spain to cede it and other Gulf Coast territory in 1819. The Trail of Tears in the 1830s exemplified the Indian removal policy that stripped the native peoples of their land. The United States annexed the Republic of Texas in 1845, amid a period when the concept of Manifest Destiny was becoming popular.[38] The 1846 Oregon Treaty with Britain led to U.S. control of the present-day American Northwest. The U.S. victory in the Mexican-American War resulted in the 1848 cession of California and much of the present-day American Southwest. The California Gold Rush of 1848–49 further spurred western migration. New railways made relocation easier for settlers and increased conflicts with Native Americans. Over a half-century, up to 40 million American bison, or buffalo, were slaughtered for skins and meat and to ease the railways' spread. The loss of the buffalo, a primary resource for the plains Indians, was an existential blow to many native cultures.
Civil War and industrialization[link]
Tensions between slave and free states mounted with arguments about the relationship between the state and federal governments, as well as violent conflicts over the spread of slavery into new states. Abraham Lincoln, candidate of the largely antislavery Republican Party, was elected president in 1860. Before he took office, seven slave states declared their secession—which the federal government maintained was illegal—and formed the Confederate States of America. With the Confederate attack upon Fort Sumter, the Civil War began and four more slave states joined the Confederacy. Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 declared slaves in the Confederacy to be free. Following the Union victory in 1865, three amendments to the U.S. Constitution ensured freedom for the nearly four million African Americans who had been slaves,[39] made them citizens, and gave them voting rights. The war and its resolution led to a substantial increase in federal power.[40] The war remains the deadliest conflict in American history, resulting in the deaths of 620,000 soldiers.[41]
After the war, the assassination of Abraham Lincoln radicalized Republican Reconstruction policies aimed at reintegrating and rebuilding the Southern states while ensuring the rights of the newly freed slaves. The resolution of the disputed 1876 presidential election by the Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction; Jim Crow laws soon disenfranchised many African Americans. In the North, urbanization and an unprecedented influx of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe hastened the country's industrialization. The wave of immigration, lasting until 1929, provided labor and transformed American culture. National infrastructure development spurred economic growth. The 1867 Alaska Purchase from Russia completed the country's mainland expansion. The Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890 was the last major armed conflict of the Indian Wars. In 1893, the indigenous monarchy of the Pacific Kingdom of Hawaii was overthrown in a coup led by American residents; the United States annexed the archipelago in 1898. Victory in the Spanish–American War the same year demonstrated that the United States was a world power and led to the annexation of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.[42] The Philippines gained independence a half-century later; Puerto Rico and Guam remain U.S. territories.
World War I, Great Depression, and World War II[link]
At the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the United States remained neutral. Most Americans sympathized with the British and French, although many opposed intervention.[43] In 1917, the United States joined the Allies, and the American Expeditionary Forces helped to turn the tide against the Central Powers. After the war, the Senate did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles, which established the League of Nations. The country pursued a policy of unilateralism, verging on isolationism.[44] In 1920, the women's rights movement won passage of a constitutional amendment granting women's suffrage. The prosperity of the Roaring Twenties ended with the Wall Street Crash of 1929 that triggered the Great Depression. After his election as president in 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt responded with the New Deal, a range of policies increasing government intervention in the economy, including the establishment of the Social Security system.[45] The Dust Bowl of the mid-1930s impoverished many farming communities and spurred a new wave of western migration.
The United States, effectively neutral during World War II's early stages after Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland in September 1939, began supplying materiel to the Allies in March 1941 through the Lend-Lease program. On December 7, 1941, the Empire of Japan launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, prompting the United States to join the Allies against the Axis powers as well as the internment of Japanese Americans by the thousands.[46] Participation in the war spurred capital investment and industrial capacity. Among the major combatants, the United States was the only nation to become richer—indeed, far richer—instead of poorer because of the war.[47] Allied conferences at Bretton Woods and Yalta outlined a new system of international organizations that placed the United States and Soviet Union at the center of world affairs. As victory was won in Europe, a 1945 international conference held in San Francisco produced the United Nations Charter, which became active after the war.[48] The United States, having developed the first nuclear weapons, used them on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August. Japan surrendered on September 2, ending the war.[49]
Cold War and protest politics[link]
The United States and the Soviet Union jockeyed for power after World War II during the Cold War, dominating the military affairs of Europe through NATO and the Warsaw Pact, respectively. While they engaged in proxy wars and developed powerful nuclear arsenals, the two countries avoided direct military conflict. Resisting leftist land and income redistribution projects around the world, the United States often supported authoritarian governments. American troops fought Communist Chinese forces in the Korean War of 1950–53. The House Un-American Activities Committee pursued a series of investigations into suspected leftist subversion, while Senator Joseph McCarthy became the figurehead of anticommunist sentiment.
The 1961 Soviet launch of the first manned spaceflight prompted President John F. Kennedy's call for the United States to be first to land "a man on the moon", achieved in 1969. Kennedy also faced a tense nuclear showdown with Soviet forces in Cuba. Meanwhile, the United States experienced sustained economic expansion. A growing civil rights movement, symbolized and led by African Americans such as Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., used nonviolence to confront segregation and discrimination. Following Kennedy's assassination in 1963, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 were passed under President Lyndon B. Johnson.[50][51] He also signed into law the Medicare and Medicaid programs.[52] Johnson and his successor, Richard Nixon, expanded a proxy war in Southeast Asia into the unsuccessful Vietnam War. A widespread countercultural movement grew, fueled by opposition to the war, black nationalism, and the sexual revolution. Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem, and others led a new wave of feminism that sought political, social, and economic equality for women.
As a result of the Watergate scandal, in 1974 Nixon became the first U.S. president to resign, to avoid being impeached on charges including obstruction of justice and abuse of power. The Jimmy Carter administration of the late 1970s was marked by stagflation and the Iran hostage crisis. The election of Ronald Reagan as president in 1980 heralded a rightward shift in American politics, reflected in major changes in taxation and spending priorities. His second term in office brought both the Iran-Contra scandal and significant diplomatic progress with the Soviet Union. The subsequent Soviet collapse ended the Cold War.
Contemporary era[link]
Under President George H. W. Bush, the United States took a lead role in the UN–sanctioned Gulf War. The longest economic expansion in modern U.S. history—from March 1991 to March 2001—encompassed the Bill Clinton administration and the dot-com bubble.[53] A civil lawsuit and sex scandal led to Clinton's impeachment in 1998, but he remained in office. The 2000 presidential election, one of the closest in American history, was resolved by a U.S. Supreme Court decision—George W. Bush, son of George H. W. Bush, became president.
On September 11, 2001, al-Qaeda terrorists struck the World Trade Center in New York City and The Pentagon near Washington, D.C., killing nearly three thousand people. In response, the Bush administration launched the global War on Terror, invading Afghanistan and removing the Taliban government and al-Qaeda training camps. Taliban insurgents continue to fight a guerrilla war. In 2002, the Bush administration began to press for regime change in Iraq on controversial grounds.[54] Forces led by the U.S. invaded Iraq in 2003, ousting Saddam Hussein. In 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused severe destruction along much of the Gulf Coast, devastating New Orleans. In 2008, amid a global economic recession, the first African American president, Barack Obama, was elected. Major health care and financial system reforms were enacted two years later. In 2011, a raid by Navy SEALs in Pakistan killed al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden. The Iraq War ended with the pullout of the remaining U.S. troops from the country.
Government and politics[link]
Main articles: Federal government of the United States, state governments of the United States, and elections in the United States
The United States is the world's oldest surviving federation. It is a constitutional republic and representative democracy, "in which majority rule is tempered by minority rights protected by law".[55] The government is regulated by a system of checks and balances defined by the U.S. Constitution, which serves as the country's supreme legal document.[56] In the American federalist system, citizens are usually subject to three levels of government, federal, state, and local; the local government's duties are commonly split between county and municipal governments. In almost all cases, executive and legislative officials are elected by a plurality vote of citizens by district. There is no proportional representation at the federal level, and it is very rare at lower levels.
The federal government is composed of three branches:
- Legislative: The bicameral Congress, made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives, makes federal law, declares war, approves treaties, has the power of the purse, and has the power of impeachment, by which it can remove sitting members of the government.
- Executive: The president is the commander-in-chief of the military, can veto legislative bills before they become law, and appoints the members of the Cabinet (subject to Senate approval) and other officers, who administer and enforce federal laws and policies.
- Judicial: The Supreme Court and lower federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the president with Senate approval, interpret laws and overturn those they find unconstitutional.
The House of Representatives has 435 voting members, each representing a congressional district for a two-year term. House seats are apportioned among the states by population every tenth year. As of the 2000 census, seven states have the minimum of one representative, while California, the most populous state, has fifty-three. The Senate has 100 members with each state having two senators, elected at-large to six-year terms; one third of Senate seats are up for election every other year. The president serves a four-year term and may be elected to the office no more than twice. The president is not elected by direct vote, but by an indirect electoral college system in which the determining votes are apportioned to the states and the District of Columbia. The Supreme Court, led by the Chief Justice of the United States, has nine members, who serve for life.
The state governments are structured in roughly similar fashion; Nebraska uniquely has a unicameral legislature. The governor (chief executive) of each state is directly elected. Some state judges and cabinet officers are appointed by the governors of the respective states, while others are elected by popular vote.
The original text of the Constitution establishes the structure and responsibilities of the federal government and its relationship with the individual states. Article One protects the right to the "great writ" of habeas corpus, and Article Three guarantees the right to a jury trial in all criminal cases. Amendments to the Constitution require the approval of three-fourths of the states. The Constitution has been amended twenty-seven times; the first ten amendments, which make up the Bill of Rights, and the Fourteenth Amendment form the central basis of Americans' individual rights. All laws and governmental procedures are subject to judicial review and any law ruled in violation of the Constitution is voided. The principle of judicial review, not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution, was declared by the Supreme Court in Marbury v. Madison (1803).
Parties and ideology[link]
Main articles: Politics of the United States and Political ideologies in the United States
The United States has operated under a two-party system for most of its history.[57] For elective offices at most levels, state-administered primary elections choose the major party nominees for subsequent general elections. Since the general election of 1856, the major parties have been the Democratic Party, founded in 1824, and the Republican Party, founded in 1854. Since the Civil War, only one third-party presidential candidate—former president Theodore Roosevelt, running as a Progressive in 1912—has won as much as 20% of the popular vote.
Within American political culture, the Republican Party is considered center-right or conservative and the Democratic Party is considered center-left or liberal. The states of the Northeast and West Coast and some of the Great Lakes states, known as "blue states", are relatively liberal. The "red states" of the South and parts of the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains are relatively conservative.
The winner of the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama, is the 44th U.S. president. The 2010 midterm elections saw the Republican Party take control of the House and make gains in the Senate, where the Democrats retain the majority. In the 112th United States Congress, the Senate comprises 51 Democrats, two independents who caucus with the Democrats, and 47 Republicans; the House comprises 242 Republicans and 192 Democrats—one seat is vacant. There are 29 Republican and 20 Democratic state governors, as well as one independent.
Foreign relations and military[link]
Main articles: Foreign policy of the United States and United States Armed Forces
The United States exercises global economic, political, and military influence. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and New York City hosts the United Nations Headquarters. It is a member of the G8,[58] G20, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Almost all countries have embassies in Washington, D.C., and many have consulates around the country. Likewise, nearly all nations host American diplomatic missions. However, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Bhutan, and the Republic of China (Taiwan) do not have formal diplomatic relations with the United States.
The United States has a "special relationship" with the United Kingdom[59] and strong ties with Canada,[60] Australia,[61] New Zealand,[62] the Philippines,[63] Japan,[64] South Korea,[65] Israel,[66] and several European countries. It works closely with fellow NATO members on military and security issues and with its neighbors through the Organization of American States and free trade agreements such as the trilateral North American Free Trade Agreement with Canada and Mexico. In 2008, the United States spent a net $25.4 billion on official development assistance, the most in the world. As a share of America's large gross national income (GNI), however, the U.S. contribution of 0.18% ranked last among twenty-two donor states. By contrast, private overseas giving by Americans is relatively generous.[67]
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The president holds the title of commander-in-chief of the nation's armed forces and appoints its leaders, the secretary of defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The United States Department of Defense administers the armed forces, including the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force. The Coast Guard is run by the Department of Homeland Security in peacetime and the Department of the Navy in time of war. In 2008, the armed forces had 1.4 million personnel on active duty. The Reserves and National Guard brought the total number of troops to 2.3 million. The Department of Defense also employed about 700,000 civilians, not including contractors.[68]
Military service is voluntary, though conscription may occur in wartime through the Selective Service System.[69] American forces can be rapidly deployed by the Air Force's large fleet of transport aircraft, the Navy's eleven active aircraft carriers, and Marine Expeditionary Units at sea with the Navy's Atlantic and Pacific fleets. The military operates 865 bases and facilities abroad,[70] and maintains deployments greater than 100 active duty personnel in 25 foreign countries.[71] The extent of this global military presence has prompted some scholars to describe the United States as maintaining an "empire of bases".[72]
Total U.S. military spending in 2010, almost $700 billion, was 43% of global military spending and greater than the next fourteen largest national military expenditures combined. At 4.8% of GDP, the rate was the second-highest among the top fifteen military spenders, after Saudi Arabia.[73] The proposed base Department of Defense budget for 2012, $553 billion, is a 4.2% increase over 2011; an additional $118 billion is proposed for the military campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan.[74] The last American troops serving in Iraq departed in December 2011;[75] 4,484 servicemen were killed during the Iraq War.[76] Approximately 90,000 U.S. troops were serving in Afghanistan as of April 2012;[77] as of April 4, 1,924 had been killed during the War in Afghanistan.[78]
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of the United States
| Economic indicators | ||
|---|---|---|
| Unemployment | 8.2% (May 2012) | [79] |
| GDP growth | 2.2% (1Q 2012), 1.7% (2011) | [80] |
| CPI inflation | 2.3% (April 2011 – April 2012) | [81] |
| Poverty | 15.1% (2010) | [82] |
| Public debt | $15.62 trillion (April 13, 2012) | [83] |
| Household net worth | $58.5 trillion (4Q 2011) | [84] |
The United States has a capitalist mixed economy, which is fueled by abundant natural resources, a well-developed infrastructure, and high productivity.[85] According to the International Monetary Fund, the U.S. GDP of $15.1 trillion constitutes 22% of the gross world product at market exchange rates and over 19% of the gross world product at purchasing power parity (PPP).[3] Though larger than any other nation's, its national GDP is about 5% smaller than the GDP of the European Union at PPP in 2008. The country ranks ninth in the world in nominal GDP per capita and sixth in GDP per capita at PPP.[3] The U.S. dollar is the world's primary reserve currency.[86]
The United States is the largest importer of goods and third largest exporter, though exports per capita are relatively low. In 2010, the total U.S. trade deficit was $635 billion.[87] Canada, China, Mexico, Japan, and Germany are its top trading partners.[88] In 2010, oil was the largest import commodity, while transportation equipment was the country's largest export.[87] China is the largest foreign holder of U.S. public debt.[89]
In 2009, the private sector was estimated to constitute 86.4% of the economy, with federal government activity accounting for 4.3% and state and local government activity (including federal transfers) the remaining 9.3%.[91] While its economy has reached a postindustrial level of development and its service sector constitutes 67.8% of GDP, the United States remains an industrial power.[92] The leading business field by gross business receipts is wholesale and retail trade; by net income it is manufacturing.[93] Chemical products are the leading manufacturing field.[94] The United States is the third largest producer of oil in the world, as well as its largest importer.[95] It is the world's number one producer of electrical and nuclear energy, as well as liquid natural gas, sulfur, phosphates, and salt. While agriculture accounts for just under 1% of GDP,[92] the United States is the world's top producer of corn[96] and soybeans.[97] Coca-Cola and McDonald's are the two most recognized brands in the world.[98]
In August 2010, the American labor force comprised 154.1 million people. With 21.2 million people, government is the leading field of employment. The largest private employment sector is health care and social assistance, with 16.4 million people. About 12% of workers are unionized, compared to 30% in Western Europe.[99] The World Bank ranks the United States first in the ease of hiring and firing workers.[100] In 2009, the United States had the third highest labor productivity per person in the world, behind Luxembourg and Norway. It was fourth in productivity per hour, behind those two countries and the Netherlands.[101] Compared to Europe, U.S. property and corporate income tax rates are generally higher, while labor and, particularly, consumption tax rates are lower.[102]
Income and human development[link]
Main article: Income in the United States
See also: Income inequality in the United States, Poverty in the United States, and Affluence in the United States
According to the United States Census Bureau, the pretax median household income in 2010 was $49,445. The median ranged from $64,308 among Asian American households to $32,068 among African American households.[82] Using purchasing power parity exchange rates, the overall median is similar to the most affluent cluster of developed nations. After declining sharply during the middle of the 20th century, poverty rates have plateaued since the early 1970s, with 11–15% of Americans below the poverty line every year, and 58.5% spending at least one year in poverty between the ages of 25 and 75.[103][104] In 2010, 46.2 million Americans lived in poverty, a figure that rose for the fourth year in a row.[82]
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The U.S. welfare state is one of the least extensive in the developed world, reducing both relative poverty and absolute poverty by considerably less than the mean for rich nations,[105][106] though combined private and public social expenditures per capita are relatively high.[107] While the American welfare state effectively reduces poverty among the elderly,[108] it provides relatively little assistance to the young.[109] A 2007 UNICEF study of children's well-being in twenty-one industrialized nations ranked the United States next to last.[110]
Between 1947 and 1979, real median income rose by over 80% for all classes, with the incomes of poor Americans rising faster than those of the rich.[111] However, income gains since then have been slower, less widely shared, and accompanied by increased economic insecurity.[111][112] Median household income has increased for all classes since 1980,[113] largely owing to more dual-earner households, the closing of the gender pay gap, and longer work hours, but the growth has been strongly tilted toward the very top.[105][111][114] Consequently, the share of income of the top 1%—21.8% of total reported income in 2005—has more than doubled since 1980,[115] leaving the United States with the greatest income inequality among developed nations.[105][116] The United States has a progressive tax system which equates to higher income earners paying a larger percentage of their income in taxes.[117] The top 1% pays 27.6% of all federal taxes, while the top 10% pays 54.7%.[118] Wealth, like income and taxes, is highly concentrated: The richest 10% of the adult population possesses 69.8% of the country's household wealth, the second-highest share among developed nations.[119] The top 1% possesses 33.4% of net wealth.[120] In 2011 the United Nations Development Programme ranked the United States 23rd among 139 countries on its inequality-adjusted human development index (IHDI), nineteen places lower than in the standard HDI.[121]
Infrastructure[link]
Science and technology[link]
Main article: Science and technology in the United States
The United States has been a leader in scientific research and technological innovation since the late 19th century. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell was awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone. Thomas Edison's laboratory developed the phonograph, the first long-lasting light bulb, and the first viable movie camera. Nikola Tesla pioneered alternating current, the AC motor, and radio. In the early 20th century, the automobile companies of Ransom E. Olds and Henry Ford popularized the assembly line. The Wright brothers, in 1903, made the first sustained and controlled heavier-than-air powered flight.[122]
The rise of Nazism in the 1930s led many European scientists, including Albert Einstein, Enrico Fermi, and John von Neumann, to immigrate to the United States. During World War II, the Manhattan Project developed nuclear weapons, ushering in the Atomic Age. The Space Race produced rapid advances in rocketry, materials science, and computers. IBM, Apple Computer, and Microsoft refined and popularized the personal computer. The United States largely developed the ARPANET and its successor, the Internet. Today, 64% of research and development funding comes from the private sector.[123] The United States leads the world in scientific research papers and impact factor.[124] As of April 2010, 68% of American households had broadband Internet service.[125] The country is the primary developer and grower of genetically modified food, representing half of the world's biotech crops.[126]
Transportation[link]
Main article: Transportation in the United States
Personal transportation is dominated by automobiles, which operate on a network of 13 million roads,[128] including one of the world's longest highway systems.[129] The world's second largest automobile market,[130] the United States has the highest rate of per-capita vehicle ownership in the world, with 765 vehicles per 1,000 Americans.[131] About 40% of personal vehicles are vans, SUVs, or light trucks.[132] The average American adult (accounting for all drivers and nondrivers) spends 55 minutes driving every day, traveling 29 miles (47 km).[133]
Mass transit accounts for 9% of total U.S. work trips,[134] ranking last in a survey of 17 countries.[135] While transport of goods by rail is extensive, relatively few people use rail to travel,[136] though ridership on Amtrak, the national intercity passenger rail system, grew by almost 37% between 2000 and 2010.[137] Light rail development has increased in recent years but, like high speed rail, is below European levels.[138] Bicycle usage for work commutes is minimal.[139]
The civil airline industry is entirely privately owned and has been largely deregulated since 1978, while most major airports are publicly owned. The three largest airlines in the world by passengers carried are U.S.-based; Delta Air Lines is number one.[140] Of the world's thirty busiest passenger airports, sixteen are in the United States, including the busiest, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport.[141]
Energy[link]
See also: Energy policy of the United States
The United States energy market is 29,000 terawatt hours per year. Energy consumption per capita is 7.8 tons of oil equivalent per year, the 10th highest rate in the world. In 2005, 40% of this energy came from petroleum, 23% from coal, and 22% from natural gas. The remainder was supplied by nuclear power and renewable energy sources.[142] The United States is the world's largest consumer of petroleum.[143] For decades, nuclear power has played a limited role relative to many other developed countries, in part due to public perception in the wake of a 1979 accident. In 2007, several applications for new nuclear plants were filed.[144] The United States has 27% of global coal reserves.[145]
Education[link]
Main article: Education in the United States
American public education is operated by state and local governments, regulated by the United States Department of Education through restrictions on federal grants. Children are required in most states to attend school from the age of six or seven (generally, kindergarten or first grade) until they turn eighteen (generally bringing them through twelfth grade, the end of high school); some states allow students to leave school at sixteen or seventeen.[147] About 12% of children are enrolled in parochial or nonsectarian private schools. Just over 2% of children are homeschooled.[148]
The United States has many competitive private and public institutions of higher education. According to prominent international rankings, 13 or 15 American colleges and universities are ranked among the top 20 in the world.[149][150] There are also local community colleges with generally more open admission policies, shorter academic programs, and lower tuition. Of Americans twenty-five and older, 84.6% graduated from high school, 52.6% attended some college, 27.2% earned a bachelor's degree, and 9.6% earned graduate degrees.[151] The basic literacy rate is approximately 99%.[1][152] The United Nations assigns the United States an Education Index of 0.97, tying it for 12th in the world.[153]
Health[link]
See also: Health care in the United States, Health care reform in the United States, and Health insurance in the United States
The United States life expectancy of 78.4 years at birth ranks it 50th among 221 nations.[155] Increasing obesity in the United States and health improvements elsewhere have contributed to lowering the country's rank in life expectancy from 1987, when it was 11th in the world.[156] Approximately one-third of the adult population is obese and an additional third is overweight;[157] the obesity rate, the highest in the industrialized world, has more than doubled in the last quarter-century.[158] Obesity-related type 2 diabetes is considered epidemic by health care professionals.[159] The infant mortality rate of 6.06 per thousand places the United States 176th out of 222 countries, higher than all of Western Europe.[160]
The U.S. health care system far outspends any other nation's, measured in both per capita spending and percentage of GDP.[161] The World Health Organization ranked the U.S. health care system in 2000 as first in responsiveness, but 37th in overall performance.
Health care coverage in the United States is a combination of public and private efforts, and is not universal as in all other developed countries. In 2004, private insurance paid for 36% of personal health expenditures, private out-of-pocket payments covered 15%, and federal, state, and local governments paid for 44%.[162] In 2005, 46.6 million Americans, 15.9% of the population, were uninsured, 5.4 million more than in 2001. The main cause of this rise is the drop in the number of Americans with employer-sponsored health insurance.[163] The subject of uninsured and underinsured Americans is a major political issue.[164] A 2009 study estimated that lack of insurance is associated with nearly 45,000 deaths a year.[165] In 2006, Massachusetts became the first state to mandate universal health insurance.[166] Federal legislation passed in early 2010 will create a near-universal health insurance system around the country by 2014.
Crime and law enforcement[link]
Main articles: Law enforcement in the United States and Crime in the United States
See also: Law of the United States, Incarceration in the United States, and Capital punishment in the United States
Law enforcement in the United States is primarily the responsibility of local police and sheriff's departments, with state police providing broader services. Federal agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the U.S. Marshals Service have specialized duties. At the federal level and in almost every state, jurisprudence operates on a common law system. State courts conduct most criminal trials; federal courts handle certain designated crimes as well as certain appeals from the state systems. Federal law prohibits a variety of drugs, although states sometimes pass laws in conflict with federal regulations. The smoking age is generally 18, and the drinking age is generally 21.
Among developed nations, the United States has above-average levels of violent crime and particularly high levels of gun violence and homicide.[168] There were 5.0 murders per 100,000 persons in 2009, 10.4% fewer than in 2000.[169] Gun ownership rights are the subject of contentious political debate.
The United States has the highest documented incarceration rate[170] and total prison population[171] in the world. At the start of 2008, more than 2.3 million people were incarcerated, more than one in every 100 adults.[172] The current rate is about seven times the 1980 figure,[173] and over three times the figure in Poland, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) country with the next highest rate.[174] African American males are jailed at about six times the rate of white males and three times the rate of Hispanic males.[170] The country's high rate of incarceration is largely due to sentencing and drug policies.[170][175]
Though it has been abolished in most Western nations, capital punishment is sanctioned in the United States for certain federal and military crimes, and in thirty-four states. Since 1976, when the U.S. Supreme Court reinstated the death penalty after a four-year moratorium, there have been more than 1,000 executions.[176] In 2010, the country had the fifth highest number of executions in the world, following China, Iran, North Korea, and Yemen.[177] In 2007, New Jersey became the first state to legislatively abolish the death penalty since the 1976 Supreme Court decision, followed by New Mexico in 2009 and Illinois in 2011.[178]
Demographics[link]
Main articles: Demographics of the United States and Americans
| Race/Ethnicity (2010)[179] | |
|---|---|
| White | 72.4% |
| Black/African American | 12.6% |
| Asian | 4.8% |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 0.9% |
| Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander | 0.2% |
| Other | 6.2% |
| Two or more races | 2.9% |
| Hispanic/Latino (of any race) | 16.3% |
The U.S. Census Bureau estimates the country's population now to be 313,802,000,[2] including an estimated 11.2 million illegal immigrants.[180] The U.S. population almost quadrupled during the 20th century, from about 76 million in 1900.[181] The third most populous nation in the world, after China and India, the United States is the only major industrialized nation in which large population increases are projected.[182] Even with a birth rate of 13.82 per 1,000, 30% below the world average, its population growth rate is positive at 1%, significantly higher than those of many developed nations.[183] In fiscal year 2011, over 1 million immigrants (most of whom entered through family reunification) were granted legal residence.[184] Mexico has been the leading source of new residents for over two decades; since 1998, China, India, and the Philippines have been in the top four sending countries every year.[185]
The United States has a very diverse population—thirty-one ancestry groups have more than one million members.[186] White Americans are the largest racial group; German Americans, Irish Americans, and English Americans constitute three of the country's four largest ancestry groups.[186] African Americans are the nation's largest racial minority and third largest ancestry group.[186] Asian Americans are the country's second largest racial minority; the two largest Asian American ethnic groups are Chinese Americans and Filipino Americans.[186] In 2010, the U.S. population included an estimated 5.2 million people with some American Indian or Alaska Native ancestry (2.9 million exclusively of such ancestry) and 1.2 million with some native Hawaiian or Pacific island ancestry (0.5 million exclusively).[187] The census counted more than 19 million people of "Some Other Race" who were "unable to identify with any" of its five official race categories in 2010.[187]
The population growth of Hispanic and Latino Americans (the terms are officially interchangeable) is a major demographic trend. The 50.5 million Americans of Hispanic descent[187] are identified as sharing a distinct "ethnicity" by the Census Bureau; 64% of Hispanic Americans are of Mexican descent.[188] Between 2000 and 2010, the country's Hispanic population increased 43% while the non-Hispanic population rose just 4.9%.[179] Much of this growth is from immigration; as of 2007, 12.6% of the U.S. population was foreign-born, with 54% of that figure born in Latin America.[189] Fertility is also a factor; as of 2010 the average Hispanic woman gave birth to 2.4 children in her lifetime, compared to 2.0 for non-Hispanic black women and 1.8 for non-Hispanic white women (below the replacement rate of 2.1).[190] Minorities (as defined by the Census Bureau as all those beside non-Hispanic, non-multiracial whites) constituted 36.3% of the population in 2010,[191] and nearly 50% of children under age 1,[192] and are projected to constitute the majority by 2042.[193]
About 82% of Americans live in urban areas (including suburbs);[1] about half of those reside in cities with populations over 50,000.[194] In 2008, 273 incorporated places had populations over 100,000, nine cities had more than 1 million residents, and four global cities had over 2 million (New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston).[195] There are fifty-two metropolitan areas with populations greater than 1 million.[196] Of the fifty fastest-growing metro areas, forty-seven are in the West or South.[197] The metro areas of Dallas, Houston, Atlanta, and Phoenix all grew by more than a million people between 2000 and 2008.[196]
| Leading population centers | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Core city | Metro area pop.[198] | Metropolitan Statistical Area | Region[199] |  New York City  Los Angeles |
||
| 1 | New York City | 19,015,900 | New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA MSA | Northeast | |||
| 2 | Los Angeles | 12,944,801 | Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA MSA | West | |||
| 3 | Chicago | 9,504,753 | Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI MSA | Midwest | |||
| 4 | Dallas | 6,526,548 | Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX MSA | South | |||
| 5 | Houston | 6,086,538 | Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown, TX MSA | South | |||
| 6 | Philadelphia | 5,992,414 | Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD MSA | Northeast | |||
| 7 | Washington, D.C. | 5,703,948 | Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV MSA | South | |||
| 8 | Miami | 5,670,125 | Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL MSA | South | |||
| 9 | Atlanta | 5,359,205 | Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA MSA | South | |||
| 10 | Boston | 4,591,112 | Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH MSA | Northeast | |||
| based on the 2011 U.S. Population Estimate | |||||||
Language[link]
Main article: Languages of the United States
| Languages (2010)[200] | |
|---|---|
| English (only) | 229.7 million |
| Spanish, incl. Creole | 37.0 million |
| Chinese | 2.8 million |
| French, incl. Creole | 2.1 million |
| Tagalog | 1.6 million |
| Vietnamese | 1.4 million |
| Korean | 1.1 million |
| German | 1.1 million |
English is the de facto national language. Although there is no official language at the federal level, some laws—such as U.S. naturalization requirements—standardize English. In 2010, about 230 million, or 80% of the population aged five years and older, spoke only English at home. Spanish, spoken by 12% of the population at home, is the second most common language and the most widely taught second language.[200][201] Some Americans advocate making English the country's official language, as it is in at least twenty-eight states.[5] Both Hawaiian and English are official languages in Hawaii by state law.[202]
While neither has an official language, New Mexico has laws providing for the use of both English and Spanish, as Louisiana does for English and French.[203] Other states, such as California, mandate the publication of Spanish versions of certain government documents including court forms.[204] Many jurisdictions with large numbers of non-English speakers produce government materials, especially voting information, in the most commonly spoken languages in those jurisdictions. Several insular territories grant official recognition to their native languages, along with English: Samoan and Chamorro are recognized by American Samoa and Guam, respectively; Carolinian and Chamorro are recognized by the Northern Mariana Islands; Spanish is an official language of Puerto Rico.
Religion[link]
Main article: Religion in the United States
See also: History of religion in the United States, Freedom of religion in the United States, Separation of church and state in the United States, and List of religious movements that began in the United States
The United States is officially a secular nation; the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution guarantees the free exercise of religion and forbids the establishment of any religious governance. In a 2002 study, 59% of Americans said that religion played a "very important role in their lives", a far higher figure than that of any other wealthy nation.[205] According to a 2007 survey, 78.4% of adults identified themselves as Christian,[206] down from 86.4% in 1990.[207] Protestant denominations accounted for 51.3%, while Roman Catholicism, at 23.9%, was the largest individual denomination. The study categorizes white evangelicals, 26.3% of the population, as the country's largest religious cohort;[206] another study estimates evangelicals of all races at 30–35%.[208] The total reporting non-Christian religions in 2007 was 4.7%, up from 3.3% in 1990.[207] The leading non-Christian faiths were Judaism (1.7%), Buddhism (0.7%), Islam (0.6%), Hinduism (0.4%), and Unitarian Universalism (0.3%).[206] The survey also reported that 16.1% of Americans described themselves as agnostic, atheist, or simply having no religion, up from 8.2% in 1990.[206][207]
Family structure[link]
In 2007, 58% of Americans age 18 and over were married, 6% were widowed, 10% were divorced, and 25% had never been married.[209] Women now mostly work outside the home and receive a majority of bachelor's degrees.[210]
Same-sex marriage is a contentious issue. Some states permit civil unions or domestic partnerships in lieu of marriage. Since 2003, several states have legalized gay marriage as the result of judicial or legislative action. Meanwhile, the federal government and a majority of states define marriage as between a man and a woman and/or explicitly prohibit same-sex marriage. Public opinion on the issue has shifted from general opposition in the 1990s to a statistical deadlock, to a majority in support.[211]
The U.S. teenage pregnancy rate, 79.8 per 1,000 women, is the highest among OECD nations.[212] Abortion policy was left to the states until the Supreme Court legalized the practice in 1973. The issue remains highly controversial, with public opinion closely divided for many years. Many states ban public funding of the procedure and restrict late-term abortions, require parental notification for minors, and mandate a waiting period. While the abortion rate is falling, the abortion ratio of 241 per 1,000 live births and abortion rate of 15 per 1,000 women aged 15–44 remain higher than those of most Western nations.[213]
Culture[link]
Main article: Culture of the United States
See also: Social class in the United States
The United States is a multicultural nation, home to a wide variety of ethnic groups, traditions, and values.[6][215] Aside from the now small Native American and Native Hawaiian populations, nearly all Americans or their ancestors immigrated within the past five centuries.[216] Mainstream American culture is a Western culture largely derived from the traditions of European immigrants with influences from many other sources, such as traditions brought by slaves from Africa.[6][217] More recent immigration from Asia and especially Latin America has added to a cultural mix that has been described as both a homogenizing melting pot, and a heterogeneous salad bowl in which immigrants and their descendants retain distinctive cultural characteristics.[6]
American culture is considered the most individualistic in the world.[218] The American Dream, or the incorrect perception that Americans enjoy high social mobility, plays a key role in attracting immigrants.[219] While the mainstream culture holds that the United States is a classless society,[220] scholars identify significant differences between the country's social classes, affecting socialization, language, and values.[221] The American middle and professional class has initiated many contemporary social trends such as modern feminism, environmentalism, and multiculturalism.[222] Americans' self-images, social viewpoints, and cultural expectations are associated with their occupations to an unusually close degree.[223] While Americans tend greatly to value socioeconomic achievement, being ordinary or average is generally seen as a positive attribute.[224]
Popular media[link]
Main articles: Cinema of the United States, Television in the United States, and Music of the United States
The world's first commercial motion picture exhibition was given in New York City in 1894, using Thomas Edison's Kinetoscope. The next year saw the first commercial screening of a projected film, also in New York, and the United States was in the forefront of sound film's development in the following decades. Since the early 20th century, the U.S. film industry has largely been based in and around Hollywood, California. Director D. W. Griffith was central to the development of film grammar and Orson Welles's Citizen Kane (1941) is frequently cited as the greatest film of all time.[225] American screen actors like John Wayne and Marilyn Monroe have become iconic figures, while producer/entrepreneur Walt Disney was a leader in both animated film and movie merchandising. The major film studios of Hollywood have produced the most commercially successful movies in history, such as Star Wars (1977) and Titanic (1997), and the products of Hollywood today dominate the global film industry.[226]
Americans are the heaviest television viewers in the world,[227] and the average viewing time continues to rise, reaching five hours a day in 2006.[228] The four major broadcast networks are all commercial entities. Americans listen to radio programming, also largely commercialized, on average just over two-and-a-half hours a day.[229] Aside from web portals and search engines, the most popular websites are Facebook, YouTube, Wikipedia, Blogger, eBay, and Craigslist.[230]
The rhythmic and lyrical styles of African-American music have deeply influenced American music at large, distinguishing it from European traditions. Elements from folk idioms such as the blues and what is now known as old-time music were adopted and transformed into popular genres with global audiences. Jazz was developed by innovators such as Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington early in the 20th century. Country music developed in the 1920s, and rhythm and blues in the 1940s. Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry were among the mid-1950s pioneers of rock and roll. In the 1960s, Bob Dylan emerged from the folk revival to become one of America's most celebrated songwriters and James Brown led the development of funk. More recent American creations include hip hop and house music. American pop stars such as Presley, Michael Jackson, and Madonna have become global celebrities.[231]
Literature, philosophy, and the arts[link]
In the 18th and early 19th centuries, American art and literature took most of its cues from Europe. Writers such as Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, and Henry David Thoreau established a distinctive American literary voice by the middle of the 19th century. Mark Twain and poet Walt Whitman were major figures in the century's second half; Emily Dickinson, virtually unknown during her lifetime, is now recognized as an essential American poet.[232] A work seen as capturing fundamental aspects of the national experience and character—such as Herman Melville's Moby-Dick (1851), Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), and F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby (1925)—may be dubbed the "Great American Novel".[233]
Eleven U.S. citizens have won the Nobel Prize in Literature, most recently Toni Morrison in 1993. William Faulkner and Ernest Hemingway are often named among the most influential writers of the 20th century.[234] Popular literary genres such as the Western and hardboiled crime fiction developed in the United States. The Beat Generation writers opened up new literary approaches, as have postmodernist authors such as John Barth, Thomas Pynchon, and Don DeLillo.
The transcendentalists, led by Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson, established the first major American philosophical movement. After the Civil War, Charles Sanders Peirce and then William James and John Dewey were leaders in the development of pragmatism. In the 20th century, the work of W. V. O. Quine and Richard Rorty, and later Noam Chomsky, brought analytic philosophy to the fore of American philosophical academia. John Rawls and Robert Nozick led a revival of political philosophy.
In the visual arts, the Hudson River School was a mid-19th-century movement in the tradition of European naturalism. The realist paintings of Thomas Eakins are now widely celebrated. The 1913 Armory Show in New York City, an exhibition of European modernist art, shocked the public and transformed the U.S. art scene.[235] Georgia O'Keeffe, Marsden Hartley, and others experimented with new, individualistic styles. Major artistic movements such as the abstract expressionism of Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning and the pop art of Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein developed largely in the United States. The tide of modernism and then postmodernism has brought fame to American architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright, Philip Johnson, and Frank Gehry.
One of the first major promoters of American theater was impresario P. T. Barnum, who began operating a lower Manhattan entertainment complex in 1841. The team of Harrigan and Hart produced a series of popular musical comedies in New York starting in the late 1870s. In the 20th century, the modern musical form emerged on Broadway; the songs of musical theater composers such as Irving Berlin, Cole Porter, and Stephen Sondheim have become pop standards. Playwright Eugene O'Neill won the Nobel literature prize in 1936; other acclaimed U.S. dramatists include multiple Pulitzer Prize winners Tennessee Williams, Edward Albee, and August Wilson.
Though little known at the time, Charles Ives's work of the 1910s established him as the first major U.S. composer in the classical tradition, while experimentalists such as Henry Cowell and John Cage created a distinctive American approach to classical composition. Aaron Copland and George Gershwin developed a new synthesis of popular and classical music. Choreographers Isadora Duncan and Martha Graham helped create modern dance, while George Balanchine and Jerome Robbins were leaders in 20th-century ballet. Americans have long been important in the modern artistic medium of photography, with major photographers including Alfred Stieglitz, Edward Steichen, and Ansel Adams. The newspaper comic strip and the comic book are both U.S. innovations. Superman, the quintessential comic book superhero, has become an American icon.[236]
Food[link]
Main article: American cuisine
Mainstream American cuisine is similar to that in other Western countries. Wheat is the primary cereal grain. Traditional American cuisine uses indigenous ingredients, such as turkey, venison, potatoes, sweet potatoes, corn, squash, and maple syrup, which were consumed by Native Americans and early European settlers. Slow-cooked pork and beef barbecue, crab cakes, potato chips, and chocolate chip cookies are distinctively American foods. Soul food, developed by African slaves, is popular around the South and among many African Americans elsewhere. Syncretic cuisines such as Louisiana creole, Cajun, and Tex-Mex are regionally important.
Characteristic dishes such as apple pie, fried chicken, pizza, hamburgers, and hot dogs derive from the recipes of various immigrants. French fries, Mexican dishes such as burritos and tacos, and pasta dishes freely adapted from Italian sources are widely consumed.[237] Americans generally prefer coffee to tea. Marketing by U.S. industries is largely responsible for making orange juice and milk ubiquitous breakfast beverages.[238]
The American fast food industry, the world's largest, pioneered the drive-through format in the 1930s. Fast food consumption has sparked health concerns. During the 1980s and 1990s, Americans' caloric intake rose 24%;[237] frequent dining at fast food outlets is associated with what public health officials call the American "obesity epidemic".[239] Highly sweetened soft drinks are widely popular, and sugared beverages account for 9% of American caloric intake.[240]
Sports[link]
Main article: Sports in the United States
Baseball has been regarded as the national sport since the late 19th century, while American football is now by several measures the most popular spectator sport.[241] Basketball and ice hockey are the country's next two leading professional team sports. College football and basketball attract large audiences. Boxing and horse racing were once the most watched individual sports,[242] but they have been eclipsed by golf and auto racing, particularly NASCAR. Soccer is played widely at the youth and amateur levels. Tennis and many outdoor sports are popular as well.
While most major U.S. sports have evolved out of European practices, volleyball, skateboarding, snowboarding, and cheerleading are American inventions. Basketball was invented in Massachusetts by Canadian-born James Naismith. Lacrosse and surfing arose from Native American and Native Hawaiian activities that predate Western contact. Eight Olympic Games have taken place in the United States. The United States has won 2,301 medals at the Summer Olympic Games, more than any other country,[243] and 253 in the Winter Olympic Games, the second most.[244]
Measurement systems[link]
Main article: United States customary units
The nation retains United States customary units, comprising mainly former British imperial units such as miles, yards, and degrees Fahrenheit. Distinct units include the U.S. gallon and U.S. pint volume measurements. The United States is one of only three countries that do not rely primarily on the International System of Units. However, metric units are increasingly used in science, medicine, and many industrial fields.[245]
See also[link]
 |
See more Wikipedia articles related to United States. |
- Index of United States-related articles
- Lists of U.S. states
- Outline of the United States
- Wikipedia books: United States
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- ^ a b c d "Ancestry 2000". U.S.Census Bureau. June 2004. http://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf. Retrieved 2007-06-13.
- ^ a b c Humes, Karen R., Nicholas A. Jones, and Roberto R. Ramirez (March 2011). "Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010". U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf. Retrieved 2011-03-29.
- ^ "B03001. Hispanic or Latino Origin by Specific Origin". 2007 American Community Survey. U.S. Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-ds_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_&-CONTEXT=dt&-mt_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G2000_B03001&-redoLog=true&-geo_id=01000US&-geo_id=04000US48&-format=&-_lang=en&-SubjectID=15233304. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
- ^ "Tables 41 and 42—Native and Foreign-Born Populations". Statistical Abstract of the United States 2009. U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/prod/2008pubs/09statab/pop.pdf. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
- ^ Hamilton, Brady E., Joyce A. Martin, and Stephanie J. Ventura (2011-11-17). "Births: Preliminary Data for 2010". National Vital Statistics Reports, Volume 60, Number 2. U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr60/nvsr60_02.pdf. Retrieved 2012-04-16.
- ^ US Census Bureau: "U.S. Census Bureau Delivers Final State 2010 Census Population Totals for Legislative Redistricting" see custom table, 2nd worksheet
- ^ El Nasser, Haya (2011-08-24). "Minority babies almost the majority". USA TODAY. http://www.usatoday.com/news/parenting-family/babies/story/2011-08-25/Minority-babies-almost-the-majority/50127816/1. Retrieved 2011-10-17.
- ^ "An Older and More Diverse Nation by Midcentury". U.S. Census Bureau. 2008-08-14. Archived from the original on 2008-08-22. http://web.archive.org/web/20080822044429/http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/population/012496.html. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
- ^ "United States—Urban/Rural and Inside/Outside Metropolitan Area (GCT-P1. Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2000)". U.S. Census Bureau. 2000-04-01. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-state=gct&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-_box_head_nbr=GCT-P1&-mt_name=&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=&-format=US-1&-_lang=en. Retrieved 2008-09-23.
- ^ "Table 1: Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places Over 100,000, Ranked by July 1, 2008 Population: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008" (PDF). 2008 Population Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 2009-07-01. Archived from the original on 2009-12-07. http://www.webcitation.org/5lpvuJk99. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
- ^ a b "Table 5. Estimates of Population Change for Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Rankings: July 1, 2007 to July 1, 2008" (PDF). 2008 Population Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau. 2009-03-19. Archived from the original on 2009-12-07. http://www.webcitation.org/5lpvuJzkG. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
- ^ "Raleigh and Austin are Fastest-Growing Metro Areas". U.S. Census Bureau. 2009-03-19. http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/population/cb09-45.html. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
- ^ "2010 Census National Summary File of Redistricting Data". U.S. Census Bureau. http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_NSRD_GCTPL2.US24PR&prodType=table. Retrieved 2011-05-05.
- ^ "Figure A–3. Census Regions, Census Divisions, and Their Constituent States". U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/tiger/glossry2.pdf. Retrieved 2007-06-17.
- ^ a b "Language Spoken at Home by the U.S. Population, 2010", American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau, in World Almanac and Book of Facts 2012, p. 615.
- ^ "Foreign Language Enrollments in United States Institutions of Higher Learning". MLA. fall 2002. http://www.adfl.org/resources/enrollments.pdf. Retrieved 2006-10-16.
- ^ "The Constitution of the State of Hawaii, Article XV, Section 4". Hawaii Legislative Reference Bureau. 1978-11-07. http://www.hawaii.gov/lrb/con/conart15.html. Retrieved 2007-06-19.
- ^ Dicker, Susan J. (2003). Languages in America: A Pluralist View. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. pp. 216, 220–25. ISBN 1-85359-651-5.
- ^ "California Code of Civil Procedure, Section 412.20(6)". Legislative Counsel, State of California. http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=ccp&group=00001-01000&file=412.10-412.30. Retrieved 2007-12-17. "California Judicial Council Forms". Judicial Council, State of California. http://www.courtinfo.ca.gov/forms/allforms.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
- ^ "Among Wealthy Nations...U.S. Stands Alone in its Embrace of Religion". Pew Global Attitudes Project. Pew Research Center. 2002-12-19. http://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=167. Retrieved 2008-10-23.
- ^ a b c d "Religious Composition of the U.S.". U.S. Religious Landscape Survey. Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. 2007. http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/affiliations-all-traditions.pdf. Retrieved 2008-10-23.
- ^ a b c Kosmin, Barry A., Egon Mayer, and Ariela Kaysar (2001-12-19). "American Religious Identification Survey 2001". CUNY Graduate Center. http://www.gc.cuny.edu/CUNY_GC/media/CUNY-Graduate-Center/PDF/ARIS/ARIS-PDF-version.pdf?ext=.pdf. Retrieved 2011-09-16.
- ^ Green, John C. "The American Religious Landscape and Political Attitudes: A Baseline for 2004". University of Akron Ray C. Bliss Institute of Applied Politics. Archived from the original on 2009-12-07. http://www.webcitation.org/5lpvuMoCD. Retrieved 2007-06-18.
- ^ "Table 55—Marital Status of the Population by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990 to 2007". Statistical Abstract of the United States 2009. U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/prod/2008pubs/09statab/pop.pdf. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
- ^ "Women's Advances in Education". Columbia University, Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy. 2006. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. http://web.archive.org/web/20070609151527/http://www.iserp.columbia.edu/news/articles/female_college.html. Retrieved 2007-06-06.
- ^ "For First Time, Majority of Americans Favor Legal Gay Marriage". Gallup.com. http://www.gallup.com/poll/147662/First-Time-Majority-Americans-Favor-Legal-Gay-Marriage.aspx. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
- ^ "Teenage birth rate statistics – countries compared – NationMaster People". Nationmaster.com. http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/peo_tee_bir_rat-people-teenage-birth-rate. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
- ^ Strauss, Lilo T., et al. (2006-11-24). "Abortion Surveillance—United States, 2003". MMWR. Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5511a1.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-17.
- ^ "Statue of Liberty". World Heritage. UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/307. Retrieved 2011–10–20.
- ^ Thompson, William, and Joseph Hickey (2005). Society in Focus. Boston: Pearson. ISBN 0-205-41365-X.
- ^ Fiorina, Morris P., and Paul E. Peterson (2000). The New American Democracy. London: Longman, p. 97. ISBN 0-321-07058-5.
- ^ Holloway, Joseph E. (2005). Africanisms in American Culture, 2d ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 18–38. ISBN 0-253-34479-4. Johnson, Fern L. (1999). Speaking Culturally: Language Diversity in the United States. Thousand Oaks, Calif., London, and New Delhi: Sage, p. 116. ISBN 0-8039-5912-5.
- ^ "Individualism". Clearly Cultural. http://www.clearlycultural.com/geert-hofstede-cultural-dimensions/individualism/. Retrieved 2009-02-28.
- ^ "A Family Affair: Intergenerational Social Mobility across OECD Countries". Economic Policy Reforms: Going for Growth (OECD). 2010. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/2/7/45002641.pdf. Retrieved 2010-09-20. Blanden, Jo, Paul Gregg, and Stephen Malchin (April 2005). "Intergenerational Mobility in Europe and North America". Centre for Economic Performance. Archived from the original on June 23, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060623094610/http://www.suttontrust.com/reports/IntergenerationalMobility.pdf. Retrieved 2006-08-21.
- ^ Gutfield, Amon (2002). American Exceptionalism: The Effects of Plenty on the American Experience. Brighton and Portland: Sussex Academic Press. p. 65. ISBN 1-903900-08-5.
- ^ Zweig, Michael (2004). What's Class Got To Do With It, American Society in the Twenty-First Century. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-8899-0. "Effects of Social Class and Interactive Setting on Maternal Speech". Education Resource Information Center. http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=RecordDetails&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED309843&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=eric_accno&objectId=0900000b800472a5. Retrieved 2007-01-27.
- ^ Ehrenreich, Barbara (1989). Fear of Falling, The Inner Life of the Middle Class. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-097333-1.
- ^ Eichar, Douglas (1989). Occupation and Class Consciousness in America. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-26111-3.
- ^ O'Keefe, Kevin (2005). The Average American. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 1-58648-270-X.
- ^ Village Voice: 100 Best Films of the 20th century (2001). Filmsite.org; Sight and Sound Top Ten Poll 2002. BFI. Retrieved on 2007-06-19.
- ^ "World Culture Report 2000 Calls for Preservation of Intangible Cultural Heritage". UNESCO. 2000-11-17. http://www.unesco.org/bpi/eng/unescopress/2000/00-120e.shtml. Retrieved 2007-09-14. "Summary: Does Globalization Thwart Cultural Diversity?". World Bank Group. Archived from the original on 2007-10-17. http://web.archive.org/web/20071017111347/http://worldbank.org/economicpolicy/globalization/thwart.html. Retrieved 2007-09-14.
- ^ "Media Statistics > Television Viewing by Country". NationMaster. http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/med_tel_vie-media-television-viewing. Retrieved 2007-06-03.
- ^ "Broadband and Media Consumption". eMarketer. 2007-06-07. http://www.emarketer.com/Article.aspx?R=1005003. Retrieved 2007-06-10.
- ^ "TV Fans Spill into Web Sites". eMarketer. 2007-06-07. http://www.emarketer.com/Article.aspx?R=1004830. Retrieved 2007-06-10.
- ^ "Top Sites in United States". Alexa. 2010. http://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/US. Retrieved 2010-03-27.
- ^ Biddle, Julian (2001). What Was Hot!: Five Decades of Pop Culture in America. New York: Citadel, p. ix. ISBN 0-8065-2311-5.
- ^ Bloom, Harold. 1999. Emily Dickinson. Broomall, PA: Chelsea House Publishers. p. 9. ISBN 0-7910-5106-4.
- ^ Buell, Lawrence (Spring/Summer 2008). "The Unkillable Dream of the Great American Novel: Moby-Dick as Test Case". American Literary History 20 (1–2): 132–155. DOI:10.1093/alh/ajn005. ISSN 0896-7148.
- ^ Quinn, Edward (2006). A Dictionary of Literary and Thematic Terms. Infobase, p. 361. ISBN 0-8160-6243-9. Seed, David (2009). A Companion to Twentieth-Century United States Fiction. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley and Sons, p. 76. ISBN 1-4051-4691-5. Meyers, Jeffrey (1999). Hemingway: A Biography. New York: Da Capo, p. 139. ISBN 0-306-80890-0.
- ^ Brown, Milton W. (1988 1963). The Story of the Armory Show. New York: Abbeville. ISBN 0-89659-795-4.
- ^ Daniels, Les (1998). Superman: The Complete History (1st ed.). Titan Books. p. 11. ISBN 1-85286-988-7.
- ^ a b Klapthor, James N. (2003-08-23). "What, When, and Where Americans Eat in 2003". Newswise/Institute of Food Technologists. http://www.newswise.com/articles/what-when-and-where-americans-eat-in-2003. Retrieved 2007-06-19.
- ^ Smith, Andrew F. (2004). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 131–32. ISBN 0-19-515437-1. Levenstein, Harvey (2003). Revolution at the Table: The Transformation of the American Diet. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, pp. 154–55. ISBN 0-520-23439-1.
- ^ Boslaugh, Sarah (2010). "Obesity Epidemic", in Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices, ed. Roger Chapman. Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, pp. 413–14. ISBN 978-0-7656-1761-3.
- ^ "Fast Food, Central Nervous System Insulin Resistance, and Obesity". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. American Heart Association. 2005. http://atvb.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/25/12/2451#R3-101329. Retrieved 2007-06-09. "Let's Eat Out: Americans Weigh Taste, Convenience, and Nutrition". U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/eib19/eib19_reportsummary.pdf. Retrieved 2007-06-09.
- ^ Krane, David K. (2002-10-30). "Professional Football Widens Its Lead Over Baseball as Nation's Favorite Sport". Harris Interactive. http://www.harrisinteractive.com/Insights/HarrisVault8482.aspx?PID=337. Retrieved 2007-09-14. Maccambridge, Michael (2004). America's Game: The Epic Story of How Pro Football Captured a Nation. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-375-50454-0.
- ^ Cowen, Tyler, and Kevin Grier (2012-02-09). "What Would the End of Football Look Like?". Grantland/ESPN. http://www.grantland.com/story/_/id/7559458/cte-concussion-crisis-economic-look-end-football. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
- ^ "All-Time Medal Standings, 1896–2004". Information Please. http://www.infoplease.com/ipsa/A0115108.html. Retrieved 2007-06-14. "Distribution of Medals—2008 Summer Games". Fact Monster. http://www.factmonster.com/sports/olympics/2008/distribution-medals-summer-games.html. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
- ^ "All-Time Medal Standings, 1924–2006". Information Please. http://www.infoplease.com/ipsa/A0115207.html. Retrieved 2007-06-14. "Olympic Medals". Vancouver Organizing Committee. http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-medals/. Retrieved 2010-03-02. Norway is first.
- ^ "Appendix G: Weights and Measures". The World Factbook. CIA. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/appendix/appendix-g.html. Retrieved 2010-04-01.
External links[link]
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States
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- This article is about Postal services. For electronic mail, see Email. For other uses, see Mail (disambiguation) and Postal service (disambiguation).
 |
This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (December 2008) |
Mail, or post, is a system for transporting letters and other tangible objects: written documents, typically enclosed in envelopes, and also small packages are delivered to destinations around the world. Anything sent through the postal system is called mail or post.[1]
A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century national postal systems have generally been established as government monopolies with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is often in the form of adhesive postage stamps, but postage meters are also used for bulk mailing.
Postal authorities often have functions other than transporting letters. In some countries, a Postal Telegraph and Telephone (PTT) service oversees the postal system as well as having authority over telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports.
Contents |
Early postal systems[link]
The practice of communication by written documents carried by an intermediary from one person or place to another almost certainly dates back nearly to the invention of writing. However, development of formal postal systems occurred much later. The first documented use of an organized courier service for the diffusion of written documents is in Egypt, where Pharaohs used couriers for the diffusion of their decrees in the territory of the State (2400 BC).
Persia[link]
The first credible claim for the development of a real postal system comes from Ancient Persia, but the point of invention remains in question. The best documented claim (Xenophon) attributes the invention to the Persian King Cyrus the Great (550 BC),[2] while other writers credit his successor Darius I of Persia (521 BC). Other sources claim much earlier dates for an Assyrian postal system, with credit given to Hammurabi (1700 BC) and Sargon II (722 BC). Mail may not have been the primary mission of this postal service, however. The role of the system as an intelligence gathering apparatus is well documented, and the service was (later) called angariae, a term that in time came to indicate a tax system. The Old Testament (Esther, VIII) makes mention of this system: Ahasuerus, king of Medes, used couriers for communicating his decisions.
The Persian system worked on stations (called Chapar-Khaneh), where the message carrier (called Chapar) would ride to the next post, whereupon he would swap his horse with a fresh one, for maximum performance and delivery speed. Herodotus described the system in this way: "It is said that as many days as there are in the whole journey, so many are the men and horses that stand along the road, each horse and man at the interval of a day’s journey; and these are stayed neither by snow nor rain nor heat nor darkness from accomplishing their appointed course with all speed".[3]
India[link]
The economic growth and political stability under the Mauryan empire (322–185 BC) saw the development of impressive civil infrastructure in ancient India. The Mauryans developed early Indian mail service as well as public wells, rest houses, and other facilities for the common public.[5] Common chariots called Dagana were sometimes used as mail chariots in ancient India.[6]
In ancient times the kings, emperors, rulers, zamindars or the feudal lords protected their land through the intelligence services of specially trained police or military agencies and courier services to convey and obtain information through runners, messengers and even through pigeons. The chief of the secret service, known as the postmaster, maintained the lines of communication. . . . The people used to send letters to [their] distant relatives through their friends or neighbors.[7]
Early stamps of India were watermarked with an elephant's head.
In South India, the Wodeyar dynasty (1399—1947) of the Kingdom of Mysore used mail service for espionage purposes thereby acquiring knowledge related to matters that took place at great distances.[8]
By the end of the 18th century the postal system in India had reached impressive levels of efficiency. According to British national Thomas Broughton, the Maharaja of Jodhpur sent daily offerings of fresh flowers from his capital to Nathadvara (a distance of 320 km), and they arrived in time for the first religious Darshan at sunrise.[9] Later this system underwent complete modernization when the British Raj established its full control over India. The Post Office Act XVII of 1837 provided that the Governor-General of India in Council had the exclusive right of conveying letters by post for hire within the territories of the East India Company. The mails were available to certain officials without charge, which became a controversial privilege as the years passed. On this basis the Indian Post Office was established on October 1, 1837.[10]
China[link]
Main article: Postage stamps and postal history of China
China has enjoyed postal relay stations since the Han Dynasty (206 BC–AD 220). The first large postal system in the world was established by Ugedei Khan, who was successor of Genghis Khan of Mongolian empire in thirteen century, which territory included China. During the Yuan Dynasty under Kublai Khan, China was integrated first into the much larger Örtöö system of the Mongol Empire.
Rome[link]
The first well-documented postal service is that of Rome. Organized at the time of Augustus Caesar (62 BC–AD 14), it may also be the first true mail service. The service was called cursus publicus and was provided with light carriages called rhedæ pulled by fast horses. Additionally, there was another, slower, service equipped with two-wheeled carts (birolæ) pulled by oxen. This service was reserved for government correspondence. Another service for citizens was later added.
Mongol Empire[link]
Genghis Khan installed an empire-wide messenger and postal station system named Örtöö within the Mongol Empire. During the Yuan Dynasty under Kublai Khan, this system also covered the territory of China. Postal stations were used not only for the transmission and delivery of official mail but were also available for traveling officials, military men, and foreign dignitaries. These stations aided and facilitated the transport of foreign and domestic tribute specifically and the conduct of trade in general. By the end of Kublai Khan's rule there were more than 1400 postal stations in China alone, which in turn had at their disposal about 50,000 horses, 1400 oxen, 6700 mules, 400 carts, 6000 boats, over 200 dogs, and 1150 sheep.[11]
The stations were 15 to 40 miles apart and had reliable attendants working for the mail service. Foreign observers, such as Marco Polo, have attested to the efficiency of this early postal system.[11]
Other systems[link]
Another important postal service was created in the Islamic world by the caliph Mu'awiyya; the service was called barid, for the name of the towers built to protect the roads by which couriers traveled.
Well before the Middle Ages and during them, homing pigeons were used for pigeon post, taking advantage of a singular quality of this bird, which when taken far from its nest is able to find its way home due to a particularly developed sense of orientation. Messages were then tied around the legs of the pigeon, which was freed and could reach its original nest.
Mail has been transported by quite a few other methods throughout history, including dogsled, balloon, rocket, mule, pneumatic tubes, and even submarine.
Charlemagne extended to the whole territory of his empire the system used by Franks in northern Gaul and connected this service with that of missi dominici.
Many religious orders had a private mail service. Notably, the Cistercians had one which connected more than 6,000 abbeys, monasteries, and churches. The best organization, however, was created by the Knights Templar. The newly instituted universities also had their private services, starting from Bologna (1158).
Widespread illiteracy was accommodated through the service of scribes. Illiterates who needed to communicate dictated their messages to a scribe, another profession now quite generally disappeared.
In 1505, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I established a postal system in the Empire, appointing Franz von Thurn und Taxis to run it. The Thurn and Taxis family, then known as Tassis, had operated postal services between Italian city states from 1290 onward. Following the abolition of the Empire in 1806, the Thurn and Taxis postal system continued as a private organisation into the postage stamp era before finally being absorbed into the postal system of the new German Empire after 1871.
Postal reforms[link]
In the United Kingdom, prior to 1840 the postal system was expensive, confusing and seen as corrupt. Letters were paid for by the recipient rather than the sender, and were charged according to the distance the letter had travelled and the number of sheets of paper it contained. If there is one man who can be said to have changed the face of the postal service forever it is Sir Rowland Hill, with his reforms of the postal system based on the concept of penny postage, and his solution of pre payment.[12] In his proposal Hill also called for official pre-printed envelopes and adhesive postage stamps as alternative ways of getting the sender to pay for the postage, at a time when prepayment was optional, which led to the invention of the postage stamp, the Penny Black.
It was around this time nationalization and centralization of most postal systems took place. Today, the study of mail systems is known as postal history.
Modern transportation and technology[link]
The postal system was important in the development of modern transportation. Railroads carried railway post offices. During the 20th century, air mail became the transport of choice for inter-continental mail. Postmen started to utilize mail trucks. The handling of mail became increasingly automated.
The Internet came to change the conditions for physical mail. E-mail (and in recent years social networking sites) became a fierce competitor, but online auctions and Internet shopping opened new business opportunities [13] as people often get items bought online through the mail.
Etymology[link]
The word mail comes from the Medieval English word male (spelled that way until the 17th century, distinct from male), which was the term used to describe a traveling bag or pack.[14] The French have a similar word, malle for a trunk or large box, and mála is the Irish for a bag. In the 17th century the word mail began to appear as a reference for a bag that contained letters: "bag full of letter" (1654). Over the next hundred years the word mail began to be applied strictly to the letters themselves, and the sack as the mailbag. In the 19th century the British usually referred to mail as being letters that were being sent abroad (i.e. on a ship), and post as letters that were for localized delivery; in the UK the Royal Mail delivers the post, while in the USA the US Postal Service delivers the mail. The term e-mail (short for "electronic mail") first appeared in 1982. The term snail-mail is a retronym to distinguish it from the quicker e-mail. Various dates have been given for its first use.
Modern mail[link]
Modern mail is organized by national and privatized services, which are reciprocally interconnected by international regulations, organizations and international agreements. Paper letters and parcels can be sent to almost any country in the world relatively easily and cheaply. The Internet has made the process of sending letter-like messages nearly instantaneous, and in many cases and situations correspondents use electronic mail where previously they would have used letters. Though the volume of paper mail continues[when?] to increase,[15] the number of first class mail pieces sent in the United States peaked in 2001.[16]
Organization[link]
Some countries have organized their mail services as public limited liability corporations without a legal monopoly.
The worldwide postal system comprising the individual national postal systems of the world's self-governing states is co-ordinated by the Universal Postal Union, which among other things sets international postage rates, defines standards for postage stamps and operates the system of International Reply Coupons.
In most countries a system of codes has been created (they are called ZIP Codes in the United States, postcodes in the United Kingdom and Australia, and postal codes in most other countries), in order to facilitate the automation of operations. This also includes placing additional marks on the address portion of the letter or mailed object, called "bar coding." Bar coding of mail for delivery is usually expressed either by a series of vertical bars, usually called POSTNET coding, or a block of dots as a two-dimensional barcode. The "block of dots" method allows for the encoding of proof of payment of postage, exact routing for delivery, and other features.
The ordinary mail service was improved in the 20th century with the use of planes for a quicker delivery. The world's first scheduled airmail post service took place in the United Kingdom between the London suburbs of Hendon, North London, and Windsor, Berkshire, on 9 September 1911.[17] Some methods of airmail proved ineffective, however, including the United States Postal Service's experiment with rocket mail.
Receipts services were made available in order to grant the sender a confirmation of effective delivery.
Mail going to naval vessels is known as the Fleet Post Office (FPO) and to Army or Air Force installations use the city abbreviation APO (Army Post Office or Air Force Post Office).
Payment[link]
Worldwide the most common method of prepaying postage is by buying an adhesive postage stamp to be applied to the envelope before mailing; a much less common method is to use a postage-prepaid envelope. Franking is a method of creating postage-prepaid envelopes under licence using a special machine. They are used by companies with large mail programs such as banks and direct mail companies.
In 1998, the U.S. Postal Service authorised the first tests of a secure system of sending digital franks via the Internet to be printed out on a PC printer, obviating the necessity to license a dedicated franking machine and allowing companies with smaller mail programs to make use of the option; this was later expanded to test the use of personalised postage. The service provided by the U.S. Postal Service in 2003 allows the franks to be printed out on special adhesive-backed labels.
In 2004 the Royal Mail in the United Kingdom introduced its SmartStamp Internet-based system, allowing printing on ordinary adhesive labels or envelopes. Similar systems are being considered by postal administrations around the world.
When the pre-paid envelope or package is accepted into the mail by an agent of the postal service, the agent usually indicates by means of a cancellation that it is no longer valid for pre-payment of postage. The exceptions are when the agent forgets or neglects to cancel the mailpiece, for stamps that are pre-cancelled and thus do not require cancellation and for, in most cases, metered mail. (The "personalised stamps" authorized by the USPS and manufactured by Zazzle and other companies are in fact a form of meter label and thus do not need to be cancelled.)
Rules and etiquette[link]
Documents should generally not be read by anyone other than the addressee; for instance, in the United States of America it is a violation of federal law for anyone other than the addressee and the government to open mail.[18] There are exceptions though: executives often delegate to secretaries or assistants the task of dealing with their mail; and postcards do not require opening and can be read by anybody. For mail contained within an envelope, there are legal provisions in some jurisdictions allowing the recording identities.[19]
The privacy of correspondence is guaranteed by the constitutions of Mexico and Brazil, and is alluded to in the European Convention of Human Rights[20] and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.[19] While the control of the contents inside private citizens' mail is censorship and concerns social, political, and legal aspects of civil rights. International mail and packages however are subject to customs control, with the mail and packages are often surveyed and their contents sometimes are edited out (or even in).
There have been cases over the millenias of governments opening and copying or photographing the contents of private mail.[19][21] Subject to the laws in the relevant jurisdiction, correspondence may be openly or covertly opened, or the contents determined via some other method, by the police or other authorities in some cases relating to a suspected criminal conspiracy, although black chambers (largely in the past, though there is apparently some continuance of their use today) opened and open letters extralegally.
The mail service may be allowed to open the mail if neither addressee nor sender can be found, in order to attempt to find either. Mail service may also open the mail to inspect if the materials are hazardous to transport or violate the local law.
While in most cases this censorship is exceptional; in the military however, censorship of mail is routine and almost universally applied, particularly with respect to soldiers near a battlefront. Military mail to and from soldiers on active deployment is often subject to surveillance, and even a very strict censorship (to hide tactical secrets, prevent low morale from a bad news, etc.).
Modern alternatives such as the telegraph, telephone, telex, facsimile, and e-mail have reduced the attractiveness of paper mail for many applications. These modern alternatives have some advantages: in addition to their speed, they may be more secure, e.g. because the general public can not learn the sender's address from the envelope, and occasionally traditional items of mail may fail to arrive, e.g. due to vandalism to mailboxes, unfriendly pets, and adverse weather conditions. Mail carriers due to perceived hazards or inconveniences, may refuse, officially or otherwise, to deliver mail to a particular address (for instance, if there is no clear path to the door or mailbox). On the other hand traditional mail avoids the possibility of computer malfunctions and malware, and the recipient does not need to print it out.
Physical mail is still widely used for business and personal communications for various reasons including legal requirements for signatures, requirements of etiquette, and the requirement to enclose physical objects. For example, wedding invitations in some countries are customarily sent by mail.
Rise of electronic correspondence[link]
Since the advent of e-mail, which is universally faster (barring some extreme technical glitch, computer virus or the like), the postal system has come to be referred to in Internet slang by the retronym "snail mail". Occasionally, the term "white mail" or "the PaperNet" has also been used as a neutral term for postal mail.
In modern times, mainly in the 20th century, mail has found an evolution in vehicles using newer technologies to deliver the documents, especially through the telephone network; these new vehicles include telegram, telex, facsimile (fax), e-mail, and short message service (SMS). There have been methods which have combined mail and some of these newer methods, such as INTELPOST, which combined facsimile transmission with overnight delivery. These vehicles commonly use a mechanical or electro-mechanical standardised writing (typing), that on the one hand makes for more efficient communication, while on the other hand makes impossible characteristics and practices that traditionally were in conventional mail, such as calligraphy.
This epoch is undoubtedly mainly dominated by mechanical writing, with a general use of no more of half a dozen standard typographic fonts from standard keyboards. However, the increased use of typewritten or computer-printed letters for personal communication and the advent of e-mail have sparked renewed interest in calligraphy, as a letter has become more of a "special event". Long before e-mail and computer-printed letters, however, decorated envelopes, rubber stamps and artistamps formed part of the medium of mail art.[citation needed]
In the 2000s with the advent of eBay and other online auction sites and online stores, postal services in industrialized nations have seen a major shift to item shipping. This has been seen as a boost to the system's usage in the wake of lower paper mail volume due to the accessibility of e-mail.
Online post offices have emerged to give recipients a means of receiving traditional correspondence mail in a scanned electronic format.
Collecting[link]
Postage stamps are also object of a particular form of collecting, and in some cases, when demand greatly exceeds supply, their commercial value on this specific market may become enormously greater than face value, even after use. For some postal services the sale of stamps to collectors who will never use them is a significant source of revenue for example postage stamps from Tokelau, South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands, Tristan da Cunha, Niuafo´ou and many others. Stamp collecting is commonly known as philately, although strictly the latter term refers to the study of stamps.
Another form of collecting regards postcards, a document written on a single robust sheet of paper, usually decorated with photographic pictures or artistic drawings on one of the sides, and short messages on a small part of the other side, that also contained the space for the address. In strict philatelic usage, the postcard is to be distinguished from the postal card, which has a pre-printed postage on the card. The fact that this communication is visible by other than the receiver often causes the messages to be written in jargon.
Letters are often studied as an example of literature, and also in biography in the case of a famous person. A portion of the New Testament of the Bible is composed of the Apostle Paul's epistles to Christian congregations in various parts of the Roman Empire. See below for a list of famous letters.
A style of writing, called epistolary, tells a fictional story in the form of the correspondence between two or more characters.
A makeshift mail method after stranding on a deserted island is a message in a bottle.
Deregulation[link]
Several countries, including Sweden (1 January 1993),[22][23] New Zealand (1998 and 2003), Germany (2005 and 2007)[24] and Argentina have opened up the postal services market to new entrants. In the case of New Zealand Post Limited, this included (from 2003) its right to be the sole New Zealand postal administration member of the Universal Postal Union, thus the ending of its monopoly on stamps bearing the name New Zealand.
Types of mail[link]
Letters[link]
Letter-sized mail comprises the bulk of the contents sent through most postal services. These are usually documents printed on A4 (210×297 mm), Letter-sized (8.5×11 inches), or smaller paper and placed in envelopes.
While many things are sent through the mail, interpersonal letters are often thought of first in reference to postal systems. Handwritten correspondence, while once a major means of communications between distant people, is now used less frequently due to the advent of more immediate means of communication, such as the telephone or e-mail. Traditional letters, however, are often considered to harken back to a "simpler time" and are still used when someone wishes to be deliberate and thoughtful about his or her communication. An example would be a letter of sympathy to a bereaved person.
Bills and invoices are often sent through the mail, like regular billing correspondence from utility companies and other service providers. These letters often contain a self-addressed, envelope that allows the receiver to remit payment back to the company easily. While still very common, many people now opt to use online bill payment services, which eliminate the need to receive bills through the mail. Paperwork for the confirmation of large financial transactions is often sent through the mail. Many tax documents are as well.
New credit cards and their corresponding personal identification numbers are sent to their owners through the mail. The card and number are usually mailed separately several days or weeks apart for security reasons.
Bulk mail is mail that is prepared for bulk mailing, often by presorting, and processing at reduced rates. It is often used in direct marketing and other advertising mail, although it has other uses as well. The senders of these messages sometimes purchase lists of addresses (which are sometimes targeted towards certain demographics) and then send letters advertising their product or service to all recipients. Other times, commercial solicitations are sent by local companies advertising local products, like a restaurant delivery service advertising to their delivery area or a retail store sending their weekly advertising circular to a general area. Bulk mail is also often sent to companies' existing subscriber bases, advertising new products or services.
There are a number of other things almost without any exception sent exclusively as letters through postal services, like wedding invitations.
First-class[link]
First-class mail in the US includes postcards, letters, large envelopes (flats) and small packages, providing each piece weighs 13 ounces or less. Delivery is given priority over second-class (newspapers and magazines), third class (bulk advertisements), and fourth-class mail (books and media packages). First-class mail prices are based on both the shape and weight of the item being mailed. Pieces over 13 ounces can be sent as Priority Mail.[25] In the UK, First Class letters are simply a priority option over Second Class, at a slightly higher cost. Royal Mail aims (but does not guarantee) to deliver all First Class letters the day after postage.
Registered and recorded mail[link]
Further information: Registered mail
Registered mail allows the location and in particular the correct delivery of a letter to be tracked. It is usually considerably more expensive than regular mail, and is typically used for legal documents, to obtain a proof of delivery.
Repositionable notes[link]
The United States Postal Service introduced a test allowing "repositionable notes" (for example, 3M's Post-it notes) to be attached to the outside of envelopes and bulk mailings,[26] afterwards extending the test for an unspecified period.[27]
Postal cards and postcards[link]
Postal cards and postcards are small message cards which are sent by mail unenveloped; the distinction often, though not invariably and reliably, drawn between them is that "postal cards" are issued by the postal authority or entity with the "postal indica" (or "stamp") preprinted on them, while postcards are privately issued and require affixing an adhesive stamp (though there have been some cases of a postal authority's issuing non-stamped postcards). Postcards are often printed to promote tourism, with pictures of resorts, tourist attractions or humorous messages on the front and allowing for a short message from the sender to be written on the back. The postage required for postcards is generally less than postage required for standard letters; however, certain technicalities such as their being oversized or having cut-outs[28] may result in payment of the first-class rate being required.
Postcards are also used by magazines for new subscriptions. Inside many magazines are postage-paid subscription cards that a reader can fill out and mail back to the publishing company to be billed for a subscription to the magazine. In this fashion, magazines also use postcards for other purposes, including reader surveys, contests or information requests.
Postcards are sometimes sent by charities to their members with a message to be signed and sent to a politician (e.g. to promote fair trade or third world debt cancellation).
Other mail services[link]
Larger envelopes are also sent through the mail. These are often made of sturdier material than standard envelopes and are often used by businesses to transport documents that are not to be folded or damaged, such as legal documents and contracts. Due to their size, larger envelopes are sometimes charged additional postage.
Packages are often sent through some postal services, usually requiring additional postage than an average letter or postcard. Many postal services have limits on what can and cannot be sent inside packages, usually placing limits or bans on perishable, hazardous or flammable materials. Some hazardous materials in limited quantities may be shipped with appropriate markings and packaging, like an ORM-D label. Additionally, because of terrorism concerns, the U.S. Postal Service subjects their packages to various security tests, often scanning or x-raying packages for materials that might be found in biological materials or mail bombs.
Newspapers and magazines are also sent through postal services. Many magazines are simply placed in the mail normally (but in the U.S., they are printed with a special bar code that acts as pre-paid postage - see POSTNET), but many are now shipped in shrinkwrap to protect the loose contents of the magazine. During the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century newspapers and magazines were normally posted using wrappers with a stamp imprint.
Hybrid mail, sometimes referred to as L-mail, is the electronic lodgement of mail from the mail generator’s computer directly to a Postal Service provider. The Postal Service provider is then able to use electronic means to have the mail piece sorted, routed and physically produced at a site closest to the delivery point. It is a type of mail growing in popularity with some Post Office operations and individual businesses venturing into this market. In some countries, these services are available to print and deliver emails to those unable to receive email, such as the elderly or infirm. Services provided by Hybrid mail providers are closely related to that of Mail forwarding service providers.
See also[link]
Components of a postal system:
Notes[link]
- ^ In Australia, Canada and the U.S., mail is commonly used both for the postal system and for letters, postcards and parcels; in New Zealand, post is more common for the postal system and mail for the material delivered; in the UK, post prevails in both senses. However, the British, American, Australian, and Canadian national postal services are called, respectively, Royal Mail, United States Postal Service, Australia Post, and Canada Post; in addition, such fixed phrases as post office or junk mail are found throughout the English-speaking world.
- ^ "From Cyrus to Alexander; a History of the Persian Empire" by Pierre Briant - http://avaxhome.ws/ebooks/history_military/available_sources.html
- ^ Herodotus, Herodotus, trans. A.D. Godley, vol. 4, book 8, verse 98, pp. 96–97 (1924).
- ^ [1] First Issues Collectors Club (retrieved 25 September)
- ^ Dorn 2006: 145
- ^ Prasad 2003: 104
- ^ Mazumdar 1990: 1
- ^ Aiyangar 2004: 302
- ^ Peabody 2003: 71
- ^ Lowe 1951: 134
- ^ a b Mote 1978: 450
- ^ The British Postal Museum & Archive — Rowland Hill’s Postal Reforms
- ^ |title:Social Media Exploding Globally, Opening New Opportunities for Businesses |date accessed: 10 April 2012
- ^ "mail, n.2". Dictionary.com (Unabridged (v 1.1) ed.). 2007. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mail.
- ^ Direct Marketing Association article (registration required)
- ^ First Class Mail Volume, 1926-2010
- ^ Baldwin, N.C. (1960), p. 5, Fifty Years of British Air Mails, Francis J.Field Ltd.
- ^ "United States Code: Title 18, 1702. Obstruction of correspondence". Legal Information Institute of Cornell University Law School. http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/18/1702.html. Retrieved September 14, 2010.
- ^ a b c Back when spies played by the rules, Deccan Herald, January 17, 2006. Retrieved 29 Dec 2006.
- ^ Article 8(1): Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence. [2]PDF (179 KB)
- ^ CIA Intelligence Collection About Americans (400 KB download)
- ^ City Mail, Sweden
- ^ Frycklund, Jonas Private Mail in Sweden, Cato Journal Vol. 13, No. 1 (1993)PDF (511 KB)
- ^ Letter monopoly, Wikipedia.
- ^ "First-Class Mail". USPS. https://www.usps.com/ship/first-class.htm. Retrieved 2009-01-09.
- ^ "Postal Service Helps Businesses "Stick" to their Message". 2005-04-05. http://www.usps.com/communications/news/press/2005/pr05_028.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-17.
- ^ "Marketing 'Notes' Extended for Additional Year: U.S. Postal Service Governors Issue Decision on Repositionable Notes". 2007-07-06. http://www.usps.com/communications/newsroom/2007/pr07_055.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-17.
- ^ "Cut-Out Postcard - Postage Due". Members.aol.com. http://members.aol.com/raustin13/modernph/pc14due.html. Retrieved 2008-10-24.
References[link]
- Peabody, Norman (2003). Hindu Kingship and Polity in Precolonial India. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-46548-6.
- Dorn, Harold; MacClellan, James E. (2006). Science and Technology in World History: An Introduction. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-8359-8.
- Aiyangar, Sakkottai Krishnaswami; S. Krishnaswami A. (2004). Ancient India: Collected Essays on the Literary and Political History of Southern India. Asian Educational Services. ISBN 0-8018-8359-8.
- Prasad, Prakash Chandra (2003). Foreign Trade and Commerce in Ancient India. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 81-7017-053-2.
- Lowe, Robson (1951). Encyclopedia of British Empire Postage Stamps (v. III). London.
- Mazumdar, Mohini Lal (1990). The Imperial Post Offices of British India. Calcutta: Phila Publications.
- Mote, Frederick W.; John K. Fairbank (1998). The Cambridge History of China. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-24333-5.
External links[link]
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Mail |
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Look up post in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
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Look up mail in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
This audio file was created from a revision of the "Mail" article dated 2006-05-31, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. (Audio help)
- A Hundred Years by Post by J. Wilson Hyde
- Potts, Albert, "US19,578 (First U.S. street mailbox patent)". US patent office. 1858
- GRC Database Information: links to worldwide postal services websites
- The British Postal Museum & Archive
- Royal Engineers Museum British Army Postal Services History
- James Meek, London Review of Books, 28 April 2011, In the Sorting Office, 33(9)
- US National Postal Museum, a part of the Smithsonian Institution
- Universal Postal Union, a part of the United Nations
http://wn.com/Mail
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http://cs.wn.com/Pošta
http://id.wn.com/Pos
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http://ru.wn.com/Почта
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Austrian School | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Born | (1963-03-23) March 23, 1963 (age 49) |
| Nationality | United States |
| Field | Financial Economics |
| Alma mater | U.C. Berkeley (B.B.A.), 1987[1] |
| Opposed | John Maynard Keynes,[2] Alan Greenspan,[3][4][5] Ben Bernanke,[6][7][8] Paul Krugman,[9] Christopher Dodd,[10] Barack Obama,[11] |
| Influences | Irwin Schiff, Ludwig von Mises, F.A. Hayek, Murray Rothbard |
Peter David Schiff (pronounced /ˈʃɪf/; born March 23, 1963) is an American businessman, investment broker, author and financial commentator. Schiff is CEO and chief global strategist[1] of Euro Pacific Capital Inc., a broker-dealer based in Westport, Connecticut[12] and CEO of Euro Pacific Precious Metals, LLC, a gold and silver dealer based in New York City.[13]
Schiff frequently appears as a guest on financial television and is often quoted in major financial publications. He is host of The Peter Schiff Show, a radio show broadcast on terrestrial and internet radio. He is a frequent guest on internet radio[14][15][16] as well as the host of the former podcast Wall Street Unspun.[14][17] In 2010 Schiff ran as a candidate in the Republican primary for the United States Senate seat from Connecticut.[18]
Schiff is known for his bearish views on the dollar and dollar denominated assets, while bullish on investment in tangible assets as well as foreign stocks and currencies.
Contents |
Early life and education[link]
Peter Schiff was born and raised in New Haven, Connecticut. His father, Irwin Schiff, is a prominent figure in the U.S. tax protester movement, currently serving a 13-year sentence for tax evasion.[19] Peter Schiff attended Beverly Hills High School in California,[20] and graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 1987 with a Bachelor's degree in finance and accounting.[1]
Financial career[link]
Schiff began his career as a financial consultant at a Shearson Lehman Brothers brokerage.[1] In 1996 Schiff and a partner acquired a small brokerage firm that had been founded in 1980, reincorporated it in California and renamed it Euro Pacific Capital.[21][22] The company today has more than 15,000 clients[citation needed] and six offices nationwide, with its headquarters in Westport, Connecticut.[12][21][23]
According to a 2005 article in The Advocate of Stamford, Connecticut Schiff relocated the firm to Darien, Connecticut to find brokers "who think like him". The New York Metropolitan Area, Schiff says, has the biggest concentration of brokers in the country, making it easier to recruit employees.[24] The company has offices in Newport Beach, California as well as in Scottsdale, Arizona, Palm Beach, Florida, Los Angeles and New York City. Euro Pacific Capital also holds the exclusive rights to broker some Perth Mint gold products in the United States.[25]
Economic forecasts[link]
Peter Schiff voices strong support for the Austrian School of economic thought, first introduced to him by his father.[26][27][28][29]
2002–2008[link]
In his 2007 book Crash Proof, Schiff wrote that United States economic policies were fundamentally unsound, and predicted that the United States dollar would lose much of its value.[3] Schiff believed that the imbalance between the amount of goods the U.S. consumed and what it produced would eventually lead to problems for the U.S. economy.[30][31] As a remedy Schiff favored increased personal savings and production which he said would stimulate economic growth.[32] Schiff cited the U.S.'s low personal savings rate as one of the causes of its transformation from the world's largest creditor nation in the 1970s to the largest debtor nation in the year 2000.[33] Schiff attributed the low savings rate to higher inflation and the artificially low interest rates set by the Federal Reserve.[34]
In a May 2002 interview with Southland Today, Schiff predicted that the economic downturn triggered by the bursting of the dot-com stock market bubble, an event that he had also forecast well in advance, would lead to a bear market likely to last "another 5 to 10 years."[35][36] Later that year, following a 30% decline in the Dow Jones, Schiff reversed his call, and became bullish on U.S. stocks in nominal terms. However, he remained bearish in gold terms. In November 2002, as Schiff predicted, US stock indexes began a nominal bull market uptrend that held steady for five years,[37] until reversing course in 2008, when they began a decline to less than half of their peak 2008 values,[38] followed in 2009 by the Dow climbing 61% from its low point over the following year.[39] However, priced in gold, U.S. stocks remained in a bear market the entire time. In May of 2002, the date of the Southland Today interview,[40] the Dow Jones was worth over 34 ounces of gold. By 2011 the Dow fell below 6 ounces of gold, a nine-year decline of over 80%, in line with Schiff’s 2002 forecast.[41]
In an August 2006 interview he said: "The United States economy is like the Titanic and I am here with the lifeboat trying to get people to leave the ship... I see a real financial crisis coming for the United States."[42] On December 31, 2006 in debate on Fox News, Schiff forecast that "what's going to happen in 2007" is that "real estate prices are going to come crashing back down to Earth".[42]
As part of these exchanges on Fox News and his repeated appearances on financial news network CNBC, Schiff had mentioned factors such as speculators and "the absence of lending standards" which are now seen by many[43][44] to indeed be contributing factors to the housing crisis which began in 2007. On December 13, 2007 in a Bloomberg interview on the show Open Exchange, Schiff further added that he felt that the crisis would extend to the credit card lending industry.[45] Following this observation, it was soon reported on December 23, 2007 by the Associated Press that "The value of credit card accounts at least 30 days late jumped 26 percent to $17.3 billion in October from a year earlier at 17 large credit card trusts examined by the AP... At the same time, defaults -- when lenders essentially give up hope of ever being repaid and write off the debt -- rose 18 percent to almost $961 million in October, according to filings made by the trusts with the Securities and Exchange Commission."[46]
Since 2007, Schiff has stated many times that if the government doesn't change course there will be hyperinflation in the US.[3] Schiff is one of a minority of economists credited with accurately predicting the financial crisis of 2007–2010 while "nearly all [macroeconomists] failed to foresee the recession despite plenty of warning signs".[47][48] In his book Crash Proof, he described several aspects of the U.S. economy that would lead to a recession.[3]
A YouTube video entitled "Peter Schiff was right" became popular in late 2008 and 2009.[49][50] The video consists of a compilation of clips of his many appearances on various financial news programs from networks including CNBC, Fox News, MSNBC and Bloomberg, most of which took place from 2005 to 2007. In the video segments Schiff explains the fundamental problems he saw with the United States economy at that time. Schiff's warnings of a coming economic collapse earned him the moniker "Dr. Doom."[22][51][52]
2009–present[link]
Despite predictions regarding the housing bubble and automotive industry difficulties coming to fruition, as early as 2009 Schiff was receiving criticism due to the performance of some of his client's accounts in 2008, as well as controversies over the predictions themselves. In January 2009, economic blogger and investment adviser Michael Shedlock reported, "I have talked with many who claim they have invested with Schiff and are down anywhere from 40% to 70% in 2008."[53] Later that week an article appeared in the Wall Street Journal reporting that Schiff's broker-dealer firm, Euro Pacific Capital Inc., "advised its clients to bet that the dollar would weaken significantly and that foreign stocks would outpace their U.S. peers" and that instead, the dollar advanced against most currencies, "magnifying the losses from foreign stocks Mr. Schiff steered his investors into."[54]
The Director of Communications at Schiff's investment firm responded to the original Shedlock piece by saying, "While it is true, that our accounts have suffered badly in 2008, a fact that we have never disputed or ran from, [Shedlock's] estimates for the size of our typical client losses are exaggerated and unfair."[55][56] Schiff personally responded to Shedlock's criticism by saying, "to examine the effectiveness of my investment strategy immediately following a major correction by looking only at those accounts who adopted the strategy at the previous peak is unfair and distortive" and called Shedlock's blog entry "nothing more than an overt advertisement (and a highly deceptive one at that) to use my popularity to advance his career," adding that losses were felt mostly by recent clients and not by others.[57]
Schiff responded similarly to criticisms made by Wade Slome of Sidoxia Capital Management, LLC. in a September 2009 blog entry entitled, "The Emperor Schiff Has No Clothes."[36] Schiff stated not only were the losses suffered by his clients in 2008 highly exaggerated, but also that most of those losses have already been recouped, stating that many who were down then are now up, and most long-term clients were never down at all, but merely temporarily lost some of the profits they had earned over the years.[36]
The January 2009 Wall Street Journal article discussed the value of Schiff's predictions, and stated how deficiencies "made mincemeat of investors who took his advice in 2008."[54] In an interview the following week Schiff likened himself to billionaire investor Warren Buffett, saying they were both "buy and hold" long-term investors. Contrasting his negative press he compared claims about accounts managed under Schiff's firm to the stock market value of Buffett's company, saying: "His approach is you buy stocks and you never sell them—you hope to never sell them—and Berkshire Hathaway is down 40% in the last thirteen months; I don't see the Wall Street Journal saying 'Warren Buffett made mincemeat out of his clients.'"[58] The Wall Street Journal also published a letter written by Schiff in response to his critics saying: "My central investing premise, a weakening dollar and safety in gold, commodities and foreign stocks, didn't materialize in 2008. But all the ingredients were (and remain) present for those movements to occur. Over the past year, market reactions that I didn't foresee—massive global deleveraging, a knee-jerk 'flight to quality' into U.S. Treasuries and a sharp counter trend rally in the U.S. dollar—have kept the scenario from playing out."[59]
In a November 2009 videoblog, Schiff said that five stocks he picked for Fortune Magazine in January 2009 had gained a total of 360%.[60][61]
In a March 2009 speech Schiff said that it would be impossible for the U.S. debt to China to be repaid unless the U.S. dollar's value is substantially diluted through inflation. In September 2009 Schiff said that "I would not be surprised to see [gold] at $5,000 over the next several years" and that the 2009 stock market rally was a "bear market rally".[62]
According to economist Paul Krugman, Schiff's Austrian approach to economics led him to incorrectly predict hyperinflation in the United States.[63]
Political career[link]
Schiff was an economic adviser to Ron Paul's 2008 presidential campaign. In support of Paul's economic revitalization plan, he said: "We need a plan that stimulates savings and production, not more of the reckless borrowing and consumption that got us into this mess in the first place. Ron Paul's plan is the only one that amounts to a step in the right direction. If you want meaningful change—for the better that is—Ron Paul is the only candidate capable of delivering it."[64]
In 2008, Schiff also endorsed Murray Sabrin for the U.S. Senate seat in New Jersey.[65]
In an interview in February 2009, Schiff's position was summarized as a nonpartisan critique of American policymakers, comparing former presidents George W. Bush to Herbert Hoover and President Barack Obama to former president Franklin D. Roosevelt, with neither of the more recent incumbents comparing favorably to the earlier ones.[66]
Schiff supports the reduction of government economic regulation, and is concerned that President Obama's administration may increase such regulation.[67] Schiff says that the economic crisis of the late-2000s provides an opportunity to transition from borrowing and spending, to saving and producing. He is critical of the U.S. government's efforts to "ease the pain" with economic stimulus packages and bailouts. According to Schiff, the U.S. government's approach of replacing "legitimate savings with a printing press" could result in hyperinflation.[68]
2010 U.S. Senate campaign[link]
Main article: United States Senate election in Connecticut, 2010
In December 2008, Connecticut citizens created a website encouraging Schiff to campaign against the incumbent Senator Christopher Dodd.[69][70] Approximately 5,000 people made campaign contributions using the web site.[69] On February 21, 2009, a moneybomb raised over $20,000 for Schiff's campaign.[71] In a May 2009 video blog, Schiff said that he was seriously considering a run for the senate and when questioned by a Washington Post reporter, he said the chance of him entering politics was "better than 50-50".[72] In June 2009 Schiff commissioned a poll of likely voters which indicated that he trailed Dodd in popularity by four percentage points.[73] On July 9, 2009, Schiff launched an exploratory committee and an official campaign website.[69] He began accepting donations in an attempt to see if "people who really believe in freedom, liberty, sound money and the constitution are prepared to support that with an actual political contribution or to volunteer their services and work on this campaign." He received over 10,000 donations and many e-mails from around the world.[69]
After giving some hints on The Daily Show[74] Schiff officially announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination on September 17, 2009, during the MSNBC Morning Joe show.[18][75][76] By October 2009 Schiff had received more than 10,000 telephone calls and letters[69] and raised over $1,960,000 (USD) in campaign contributions.
At the May 2010 Republican convention, Linda McMahon received the most delegate votes but not enough to prevent an August primary election. U.S. Rep. Rob Simmons received more than the required 15 percent of the total votes necessary to force the primary. Schiff then collected the signatures necessary to earn a position on the August 2010 GOP primary ballot, submitting at least 400 signatures over the state requirement.
In July 2010, Schiff's campaign received endorsements from Steve Forbes and Ron Paul.[77][78]
In the Republican primary, held on August 10, 2010, Schiff lost the nomination to Linda McMahon.[79] McMahon collected 49% of the vote, with Simmons on 28% and Schiff 23%.[80]
Ultimately, the election was won by the Democratic Party primary winner, Richard Blumenthal.[81]
Broadcasting[link]
From 2005 to 2010 Schiff hosted a weekly podcast named Wall Street Unspun. In October 2010 Schiff began hosting a new radio show named The Peter Schiff Show. The show is broadcast weekdays from 10am-noon ET on internet and terrestrial radio. The show has featured guests such as Ron Paul, Rand Paul, Niall Ferguson, Dennis Kucinich, Rick Santelli, and others.[82]
Books[link]
Peter Schiff is the author of six books published by John Wiley & Sons. His book, Crash Proof 2.0, appeared on both the New York Times and Wall Street Journal bestseller lists.
- Crash Proof: How to Profit From the Coming Economic Collapse, February 2007, ISBN 978-0-470-04360-8 1
- The Little Book of Bull Moves in Bear Markets: How to Keep your Portfolio Up When the Market is Down, 2008, ISBN 978-0-470-38378-0 2
- Crash Proof 2.0: How to Profit From the Economic Collapse, 2nd Edition, September 2009, ISBN 978-0-470-47453-2 3
- The Little Book of Bull Moves, Updated and Expanded: How to Keep Your Portfolio Up When the Market Is Up, Down, Or Sideways, 2010, ISBN 0-470-64399-4 4
- How an Economy Grows and Why it Crashes, 2010, ISBN 978-0-470-52670-5 5
- The Real Crash: America's Coming Bankruptcy---How to Save Yourself and Your Country, 2012, ISBN 978-1-250-00447-5
References[link]
- ^ a b c d [1], Inc. Retrieved 2010-11-03.
- ^ Crash Proof 2.0, pg. 73
- ^ a b c d Schiff, Peter D.; Downes, John (February 2007). Crash Proof: How to Profit from the Coming Economic Collapse. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-04360-8
- ^ Peter Schiff (April 4, 2010) (Flash). Alan Greenspan & ABC Challenge (Video Blog). Stamford: Schiff Report. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRbf_6QKR98. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
- ^ Peter Schiff (March 20, 2010) (Flash). Alan Greenspan - just admit you screwed up already!! (Video Blog). Stamford: Schiff Report. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xxDwnRGruPs. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
- ^ Crash Proof 2.0, pgs. 117-118
- ^ Peter Schiff (January 25, 2010) (Flash). Bernanke, Freddie & Fannie, tax cuts and student loans (Video Blog). Stamford: Schiff Report. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7skTzAkmUE. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
- ^ Peter Schiff (January 4, 2010) (Flash). Ben Bernanke (Video Blog). Stamford: Schiff Report. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HV3i5JFzieo. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
- ^ Peter Schiff (March 16, 2010) (Flash). Dollar, Paul Krugman (Video Blog). Schiff Report. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11WlFlO_mDg. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
- ^ Peter Schiff (November 10, 2009) (Flash). Dump Dodd (Video Blog). Stamford: Schiff Report. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eyB4eA24Rmg. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
- ^ Crash Proof 2.0, pg. 120
- ^ a b "About Euro Pacific Capital". Euro Pacific Capital. http://www.europac.net/about/company_profile. Retrieved 2011-01-15.
- ^ "Our Company". Euro Pacific Precious Metals. http://www.europacmetals.com/our-company.aspx. Retrieved 2011-01-08.
- ^ a b "Euro Pacific Capital | Weekly Radio Broadcast". www.europac.net. http://www.europac.net/radioshow.asp. Retrieved 2009-03-04.
- ^ "Financial Sense Newshour's Ask The Expert: Peter D. Schiff 03.10.2007". www.financialsense.com. http://www.financialsense.com/Experts/2007/Schiff.html. Retrieved 2009-03-04.
- ^ "Peter Schiff - FSU Editorial Archives". www.financialsense.com. http://www.financialsense.com/fsu/editorials/schiff/archive.html. Retrieved 2009-03-04.
- ^ Podfeed.net: Wall Street Unspun with Peter Schiff
- ^ a b Eddlem, Thomas R. (September 17, 2009). "Peter Schiff Announces Conn. Senate Candidacy". The New American. http://www.thenewamerican.com/index.php/usnews/politics/1908-peter-schiff-announces-conn-senate-candidacy. Retrieved 2010-04-10
- ^ "Peter Schiff Announces Bid for US Senate" (Press release). Peter Schiff for Senate 2010. September 17, 2009. http://schiffforsenate.com/?q=news/peter-schiff-announces-bid-us-senate. Retrieved 2009-11-17.
- ^ "After The Bell: U.S. Back in Focus". Fox Business. 2011-10-28. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_QO4WRmmE0. Retrieved 2011-10-31.
- ^ a b "About Peter". Schiff For Senate. 2009. http://schiffforsenate.com/?q=about.
- ^ a b O'Keefe, Brian (January 23, 2009). ": Oh, he saw it coming". Fortune. Archived from the original on 2010-04-14. http://www.webcitation.org/5oz96pIPX. Retrieved 2010-04-14
- ^ Dougherty, Michael Brendan (2009-10-01). "Dr. Doom Runs for Senate". The American Conservative. Archived from the original on 2011-01-15. http://www.webcitation.org/5vlkGp27S. Retrieved 2011-01-15
- ^ "Prophet of Doom? Darien market bear says U.S. investors' ship is sinking," article by Julie Fishman-Lapin in The Advocate of Stamford, Business section, August 6, 2006, pp. F1, F6
- ^ Crash Proof 2.0, pg. 300
- ^ Crash Proof 2.0, pg. 21
- ^ Boettke, Peter J.; Peter T. Leeson (2003). "28: Postwar Heterodox Economics". In Warren Samuels, Jeff E. Biddle, and John B. Davis. A Companion to the History of Economic Thought. Blackwell Publishing. pp. 446–452. ISBN 978-0-631-22573-7. http://books.google.com/?id=3H8gBQv5MysC&pg=PA445&dq=austrian+school+heterodox+economics.
- ^ Douhan, Robin; Henrekson, Magnus; Eliasson, Gunnar (2007). "Israel M. Kirzner: An Outstanding Austrian Contributor to the Economics of Entrepreneurship". Small Business Economics (Kluwer Academic Publishers) 29 (1–2). SSRN 996882.
- ^ Swanson, Tim (April 21, 2008). "Interview with Peter Schiff". Ludwig von Mises Institute. http://blog.mises.org/8039/interview-with-peter-schiff/. Retrieved 2010-04-11.
- ^ Crash Proof 2.0 Chapter 1: Consumers, Not Producers (pps. 1-32)
- ^ Peter Schiff (2009-03-13). Why the Meltdown Should Have Surprised No One (Recorded live lecture). Auburn, Alabama: Ludwig von Mises Institute. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EgMclXX5msc&feature=PlayList&p=233FD972BBC2927B&index=0.
- ^ Crash Proof 2.0, pg. 7
- ^ Crash Proof 2.0, pg. 76
- ^ Crash Proof 2.0, pg. 39
- ^ Peter Schiff (September 7, 2009) (Flash). Debunking another critic (Video Blog). Stamford: Schiff Report. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SSAtsvSaX5I. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
- ^ a b c Slome, Wade. "The Emperor Schiff Has No Clothes". http://investingcaffeine.com/2009/09/07/the-emperor-schiff-has-no-clothes/. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
- ^ Krantz, Matt (October 10, 2007). "Bull rides into fifth anniversary". Wall Street Journal. http://www.usatoday.com/money/markets/2007-10-08-bull-market_N.htm.
- ^ Roth, Allan (December 18, 2009). "Why It Wasn’t a ‘Lost Decade’ for Investors". CBS MoneyWatch.com. Archived from the original on 2010-05-03. http://www.webcitation.org/5pSx3xVEg. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
- ^ Paradis, Tim (March 7, 2010). "The Rebound: Numbers tell story of market recovery". BusinessWeek. http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9EA0U480.htm.
- ^ "Peter Schiff May 2002 Video Interview | Euro Pacific Capital". Europac.net. 2005-04-01. http://www.europac.net/media/tv_interviews/peter_schiff_may_2002_video_interview. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^ Yashima, Takeshi. "Dow and Gold Ratio". http://www.takeshiyashima.com/images/stories/Dow_gold_ratios.jpg.
- ^ a b Przemyslaw Radomski (February 2, 2010). "Silver Is Poised to Rise in The Long Run, But The Short-term Situation Is Complicated". Kitco. http://www.kitco.com/ind/Radomski/feb022010.html. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
- ^ Wallison, Peter J. (2008-12-09). "''What Got Us Here?'', December 2008". Aei.org. http://www.aei.org/publications/filter.all,pubID.29047/pub_detail.asp. Retrieved 2010-05-01.
- ^ This American Life. "NPR-The Giant Pool of Money". Pri.org. http://www.pri.org/business/giant-pool-of-money.html. Retrieved 2010-05-01.
- ^ "Peter Schiff's accurate forecast of credit card market trouble". Video.google.com. http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-5786330387747098530. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^ December 2007 Associate Press Story on Credit Card Defaults validates Schiff's gloomy predictions[dead link]
- ^ Bezemer, Dirk J (June 2009). ""No One Saw This Coming": Understanding Financial Crisis Through Accounting Models". Munich Personal RePEc Archive. http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15892/. Retrieved 2010-04-22.
- ^ Coy, Peter (April 16, 2009). "What Good Are Economists Anyway?". Business Week. Archived from the original on 2010-04-22. http://www.webcitation.org/5pBC0dWFa. Retrieved 2010-04-22
- ^ Task, Aaron (November 24, 2008). "'Crisis Only Just Beginning': Right About the Crash, Peter Schiff Sees More Pain Ahead". Yahoo! Finance. Archived from the original on 2010-04-14. http://www.webcitation.org/5oz7OHfZ0. Retrieved 2010-04-14
- ^ Pressler, Jessica (September 17, 2009). "Financial Pundit Peter Schiff Launches Senate Run". New York Magazine. http://nymag.com/daily/intel/2009/09/doomsdaying_economist_peter_sc.html. Retrieved 2010-04-16
- ^ Peter Schiff (February 20, 2009) (Flash). Peter Schiff was right 2006-2007 - CNBC edition (Television production (clip compilation)). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0YTY5TWtmU. Retrieved 2010-04-14.
- ^ Peter Schiff (November 2, 2008) (Flash). Peter Schiff Was Right 2006 - 2007 (2nd Edition) (Television production (clip compilation)). http://peterschiffchannel.blogspot.com/2011/02/peter-schiff-was-right-2006-2007-cnbc.html. Retrieved 2010-04-14.
- ^ Shedlock, Michael (January 25, 2009). "Peter Schiff Was Wrong". http://globaleconomicanalysis.blogspot.com/2009/01/peter-schiff-was-wrong.html. Retrieved 2010-05-21
- ^ a b Patterson, Scott; Slater, Joanna; Karmin, Craig (January 30, 2009). "Right Forecast by Schiff, Wrong Plan?". Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123327685671031439.html.
- ^ Dwinnell, Tate (January 27, 2009). "Peter Schiff's Euro Pacific Capital: Down 40-70% in 2008?". Seeking Alpha. http://seekingalpha.com/article/116694-peter-schiff-s-euro-pacific-capital-down-40-70-in-2008. Retrieved 2010-05-21
- ^ "Jay Hancock's blog: Schiff firm: Shedlock exaggerates our clients' losses – Business news: Stock markets, banks and economic observations with columnist Jay Hancock – baltimoresun.com". Weblogs.baltimoresun.com. 2009-01-26. http://weblogs.baltimoresun.com/business/hancock/blog/2009/01/schiff_firm_shedlock_exaggerat.html. Retrieved 2010-08-15.
- ^ Shinkle, Kirk. Peter Schiff Responds, U.S. News, January 30, 2009. Retrieved September 5, 2009.
- ^ Task, Aaron (February 6, 2009). "Peter Schiff: Why I'm Right and My Critics Are All Wrong". Yahoo! Finance Tech Ticker. http://finance.yahoo.com/tech-ticker/article/169961/Peter-Schiff-Why-I%27m-Right-and-My-Critics-Are-All-Wrong?tickers=^dji,^gspc,QQQQ,SPY,DIA,SHV,UDN. Retrieved 2010-05-21
- ^ Schiff, Peter (February 10, 2009). "Our Investing Plan Is Right, if Slightly Ahead of the Times". Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123423701044366741.html
- ^ O'Keefe, Brian (2009-01-20). "A 'fire sale' on small foreign stocks". CNN. http://money.cnn.com/2009/01/20/magazines/fortune/okeefe_schiff_sidebar.fortune/index.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
- ^ "Jobs & Gold". YouTube. 2009-12-04. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQUSjOw2cYE. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^ [2][dead link]
- ^ Paul Krugman (15 December 2011). "Inflation Predictions". The Conscience of a Liberal. NYTimes.com. http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/15/inflation-predictions/. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
- ^ "Peter Schiff Named Economic Advisor to the Ron Paul 2008 Presidential Campaign". Reuters.com Online News (Reuters). 2008-01-25. http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS255917+25-Jan-2008+BW20080125. Retrieved 2008-10-08.
- ^ "Paul stumps for Sabrin in Newark". PolitickerNJ.com. 2008-04-28. http://www.politickernj.com/matt-friedman/19118/paul-stumps-sabrin-newark. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ^ "Peter Schiff: Stimulus Bill Will Lead to 'Unmitigated Disaster'", by Aaron Task, Yahoo Tech Ticker, Feb. 06, 2009 08:05am EST. Retrieved 2010-05-23.
- ^ [3] November 2008 The Reagan Counterrevolution
- ^ "Nov. 05, 2008". Wall Street Unspun. 2008-11-05. http://www.europac.net/radioshow_archives.asp?year=2008&qtr=4.
- ^ a b c d e Ahran, Frank (Sunday, October 4, 2009). "Hard-Core Free-Marketeer A Conversation With Peter Schiff: Investor, Critic, Candidate". Outlook & Opinions. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/10/01/AR2009100103890.html. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
- ^ Peter Schiff for Connecticut Senator 2010
- ^ "''Peter Schiff Money Bomb a Success!''". Dailypaul.com. http://www.dailypaul.com/node/83752. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^ "Analyst Who Predicted Meltdown Leaning Towards Challenging Chris Dodd". theplumline.whorunsgov.com. 2009-05-26. http://theplumline.whorunsgov.com/economy/analyst-who-predicted-meltdown-leaning-towards-challening-chris-dodd/. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
- ^ "Survey: Peter Schiff Competitive With Chris Dodd, Rob Simmons" (Press release). Wilson Research Strategies. July 1, 2009. http://www.w-r-s.com/blog/2009/07/01/survey-peter-schiff-can-be-competitive-with-chris-dodd-rob-simmons. Retrieved 2009-11-17.
- ^ Cadei, Emily (2009-06-10). "Schiff Discusses Potential Dodd Challenge on Daily Show". Congressional Quarterly. http://blogs.cqpolitics.com/eyeon2010/2009/06/investor-and-financial-comment.html. Retrieved 2010-02-05
- ^ Peter Schiff, Joe Scarborough (host) (2009-09-17) (Flash). Peter Schiff formally announces his candidacy for U.S. Senate (Television production). New York City: MSNBC. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=usVyfMyitHc. Retrieved 2010-04-11.
- ^ Peter Schiff (2009-09-17) (Flash). It's official, I'm in. (Video blog). SchiffReport. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lm4Ya-LRuu0. Retrieved 2009-09-20.
- ^ Dawn, Liberty. "Peter Schiff snags a big-name endorsement - Capitol Watch". Blogs.courant.com. http://blogs.courant.com/capitol_watch/2010/07/peter-schiff-snags-a-bigname-e.html. Retrieved 2010-08-15.
- ^ Ron Paul (2010-07-29). "Ron Paul Endorses Peter Schiff and Rick Torres".
- ^ Neil Vigdor and Brian Lockhart (August 11, 2010). "McMahon sweeps to victory in GOP Senate race". Connecticut Post. http://www.ctpost.com/news/article/McMahon-sweeps-to-victory-in-GOP-Senate-race-610694.php. Retrieved August 11, 2010.
- ^ cbourne (August 10, 2010). "Peter Schiff for US Senate Primary Electrion Results". Daily Paul. http://www.dailypaul.com/node/142075. Retrieved August 11, 2010.
- ^ "Democrat Blumenthal wins Conn. Senate seat". The Washington Post. 2010-11-03. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/video/2010/11/02/VI2010110208394.html.
- ^ The Peter Schiff Show. 2012-02-04. http://www.schiffradio.com.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Peter Schiff |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Peter Schiff |
- Euro Pacific Capital US Brokerage Firm Website
- Euro Pacific Precious Metals Coin Company Website
- Schiff for Senate Official Campaign Website
- Peter Schiff Online, Official book site for Peter Schiff
- Peter Schiff radio, Schiff's daily radio show
- Peter Schiff's Official YouTube channel
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| Persondata | |
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| Name | Schiff, Peter |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1963-03-23 |
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