- published: 20 Dec 2012
- views: 17540
- author: VintageBeef
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- Aberdeen Angus
- Afghanistan
- African cuisine
- Alberta
- Alps
- American Bison
- American bison
- American English
- Anchovy
- Angus cattle
- Animal slaughter
- Argentina
- Argentine beef
- Arouquesa
- Asian cuisine
- Aurochs
- Australia
- Azores
- B vitamin
- Bacon
- Bacteria
- Bangladesh
- Barbecue
- Basa fish
- Bass (fish)
- Baste
- Beef
- Beef aging
- Beef brain
- Beef cattle
- Beef clod
- Beef jerky
- Beef mince
- Beef ring
- Beef shank
- Beef tenderloin
- Beef tongue
- Beef Wellington
- Beefalo
- Beer
- Belgian Blue
- Belgian cuisine
- Belgium
- Biltong
- Bison
- Blade steak
- Blood sausage
- Bodi people
- Bourbonnais
- Bovinae
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- Bowel cancer
- Brain
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- Brand name
- Braunvieh
- Brazil
- Brazilian cuisine
- Bresaola
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- British English
- Broiling
- Bromelin
- Buddhist
- Butcher
- Bündnerfleisch
- Cabeza
- Cachena Cattle
- Calcium
- Camargue
- Canada
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- Carbohydrate
- Carbonade flamande
- Carcass grade
- Carnitine
- Carp
- Carpaccio
- Catfish
- Catholics
- Cattle
- Cattle in religion
- Cave painting
- Certified Angus Beef
- Charolais cattle
- Chianina
- Chicken (food)
- Chicken fried steak
- Choline
- Christmas
- Chuck & blades
- Chuck steak
- Cod
- Collagen
- Colorectal cancer
- Cooking
- Corned beef
- Cow-calf operation
- Crab
- Crappie
- Crayfish
- Creatine
- Cuisine of Argentina
- Cuisine of Australia
- Culinary name
- Culture of India
- Curry
- Cut of beef
- Delicatessen
- Dhaka
- Dietary fiber
- Dog meat
- Dolphin
- Domestic
- Domestication
- Dr. John Clifford
- Drying (food)
- Duck (food)
- East Asian cuisine
- Ecoli
- Economics
- Eel
- Egypt
- Entrecôte
- Esox
- Ethiopia
- European cuisine
- European Union
- Fajita
- Fat
- Feather blade
- Feeder cattle
- Feedlot
- Ficin
- Filet mignon
- Flank steak
- Flap steak
- Flounder
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- Fondue
- Food energy
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- France
- French cuisine
- Frikandel
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- FSIS
- Germanic languages
- Glan Cattle
- Gland
- Goat meat
- Goose
- Grain
- Grass-fed beef
- Grassland
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- Ground beef
- Grouper
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- Guinea pig
- Guinness
- Gupta Empire
- Hachee
- Haddock
- Haggis
- Halal
- Halibut
- Ham
- Hamburger
- Hanger steak
- Hanging (meat)
- Hare
- Heart
- Hereford cattle
- Herring
- Hindu
- Hindus
- Hip joint
- Hoe (dish)
- Hormone
- Horse meat
- Hot pot
- Hybrid (biology)
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- Hyōgo Prefecture
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- Ingredient
- Intestine
- Intramuscular fat
- Ireland
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- Islam
- Italian beef
- Italy
- Jain
- Jainism
- Japan
- Jews
- Judaism
- Kangaroo meat
- Kashrut
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- Kidney
- King mackerel
- Kitfo
- Kobe
- Kobe beef
- Korean cuisine
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- Lamb and mutton
- Lascaux
- Late Latin
- Leather
- Lebanese cuisine
- Lent
- List of meat animals
- Liver
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- Lombardy
- London broil
- Low Countries
- Lung
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- Magnesium in biology
- Mahi-mahi
- Maillard Reaction
- Maillard reaction
- Maine (province)
- Manganese
- Marbled meat
- Margaret Mead
- Marination
- Marlin
- Matricide
- Meat
- Meat and bone meal
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- Meat extract
- Meat on the bone
- Meat preservation
- Meat science
- Meat thermometer
- Mexico
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- Milk
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- Mongolian beef
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- Necks & clod
- New Zealand
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- Norman Conquest
- Offal
- Old World
- Oprah Winfrey
- Orange roughy
- Organic beef
- Orkney
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- Pakistan
- Pancreas
- Papain
- Paraguay
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- Pheasant
- Phosphorus
- Pickling
- Pink slime
- Plate steak
- Poaching (cooking)
- Pollock
- Polyunsaturated fat
- Pork
- Portal Food
- Porterhouse steak
- Portugal
- Pot roast
- Pot roast (beef)
- Potassium
- Potassium nitrate
- Poultry
- Prawn
- Pressure cooking
- Primal cut
- Prime rib
- Prime Rib
- Processed meat
- Protein (nutrient)
- Quails in cookery
- Rabbit
- Ractopamine
- Ranch steak
- Red meat
- Reproduction
- Restructured steak
- Reticulum (anatomy)
- Rib
- Rib eye
- Rib eye steak
- Rib roast
- Rib steak
- Riboflavin
- Ribs
- Roast beef
- Roasting
- Romance languages
- Roughage
- Round steak
- Rumen
- Rump steak
- Rump Steak
- Russia
- Salamanca
- Salami
- Salmon
- Salt beef
- Salt-cured meat
- Salted
- Sardine
- Saturated fat
- Sauce
- Sausage
- Scotland
- Searing
- Selenium
- Sewage sludge
- Shabu-shabu
- Short loin
- Short ribs
- Shoulder tender
- Shrimp
- Sierra de Guadarrama
- Silver loin
- Silverside (beef)
- Simmer
- Sirloin
- Sirloin steak
- Skirt steak
- Smoked
- Smoking (cooking)
- Sodium
- Sole (fish)
- Sous Vide
- Sous vide
- Soy sauce
- Spain
- Spare ribs
- Spiced beef
- Standing rib roast
- Starch
- Steak
- Steak Diane
- Steak tartare
- Stew
- Stewing
- Stir frying
- Stock (food)
- Stout (beer)
- Strip steak
- Supermarket
- Svíčková
- Sweetbread
- Switzerland
- Swordfish
- T-bone
- T-bone steak
- Taboo food
- Tail
- Tartare
- Temperature (meat)
- Template Beef
- Template Meat
- Template talk Beef
- Template talk Meat
- Tenderizing
- Tenderloin
- Testicle
- Texas
- The Nine Days
- Thermostat
- Thiamine
- Thick flank
- Thick rib
- Thin rib
- Thymus
- Tilapia
- Tisha B'Av
- Tongue
- Top sirloin
- Tri-tip
- Tripas
- Tripe
- Trout
- Tuna
- Turkey (bird)
- Udder
- United Kingdom
- United States
- Uruguay
- Valtellina
- Veal
- Venison
- Vinegar
- Vitamin B12
- Vitamin B6
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin K
- Wagyū
- Wales
- Walleye
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- Water Buffalo
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- Wok
- Yak
- Yukhoe
- Zebu
- Zinc
- Ávila, Spain
- Żubroń
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Afghanistan
Afghanistan
i/æfˈɡænɨstæn/ (Persian/Pashto: افغانستان, Afġānistān), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming part of South Asia, Central Asia, and Greater Middle East, it is also considered to be part of a broader West Asia. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of 647,500 km2 (250,001 sq mi), making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and the east, Iran in the west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the north, and China in the far northeast.
Afghanistan has been an ancient focal point of the Silk Road and human migration. Archaeologists have found evidence of human habitation from as far back as 50,000 BC. Urban civilization may have begun in the area as early as 3,000 to 2,000 BC. Sitting at an important geostrategic location that connects the Middle East with Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent, the land has been home to various peoples through the ages and witnessed many military campaigns, notably by Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan, and in modern era Western forces. The land also served as a source from which the Greco-Bactrians, Kushans, Saffarids, Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Timurids, Mughals and many others have risen to form major empires.
wn.com/Afghanistan -
Alberta
Alberta /ælˈbɜrtə/ is a province of Canada. It had a population of 3,645,257 in 2011, making it the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces. Alberta and its neighbour, Saskatchewan, were established as provinces on September 1, 1905.
Alberta is located in western Canada, bounded by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north, and the US state of Montana to the south. Alberta is one of three Canadian provinces and territories to border only a single U.S. state and is also one of only two provinces that are landlocked.
Edmonton, the capital city of Alberta, is located near the geographic centre of the province and is the primary supply and service hub for Canada's oil sands and other northern resource industries. Approximately 300 kilometres (190 mi) south of the capital is Calgary, Alberta's largest city and a major distribution and transportation hub. Calgary and Edmonton centre Alberta's two census metropolitan areas, both of which have populations exceeding 1 million.Census agglomerations in the province include Lethbridge, Red Deer, Medicine Hat, Wood Buffalo (includes Fort McMurray), Grande Prairie, Lloydminster, Okotoks, Brooks, Camrose, Cold Lake, High River, Sylvan Lake, Wetaskiwin, Strathmore, Canmore, and Lacombe. Notable tourist destinations in the province include Canmore, Sylvan Lake, Drumheller, Banff, and Jasper.
wn.com/Alberta -
Argentina
Argentinai/ˌɑrdʒənˈtiːnə/, officially the Argentine Republic (Spanish: República Argentina [reˈpuβlika aɾxenˈtina]), is a country in South America, the continent's second largest by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires. It is the eighth-largest country in the world by land area and the largest among Spanish-speaking nations.
Argentina's continental area is between the Andes mountain range in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. It borders Paraguay and Bolivia to the north, Brazil and Uruguay to the northeast, and Chile to the west and south. Argentine claims over Antarctica, as well as overlapping claims made by Chile and the United Kingdom, are suspended by the Antarctic Treaty of 1961. Argentina also claims the Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, which are administered by the United Kingdom as British Overseas Territories.
A recognised middle power, Argentina is Latin America's third-largest economy, with a "very high" rating on the Human development index. Within Latin America, Argentina has the fifth highest nominal GDP per capita and the highest in purchasing power terms. Analysts have argued that the country has a "foundation for future growth due to its market size, levels of foreign direct investment, and percentage of high-tech exports as share of total manufactured goods", and it is classed by investors as middle emerging economy. Argentina is a founding member of the United Nations, Mercosur, the Union of South American Nations, the Organization of Ibero-American States, the World Bank Group and the World Trade Organization, and is one of the G-15 and G-20 major economies.
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Australia
Australia (
/əˈstreɪljə/), officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent as well as the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north; the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east.
For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of roughly 250 language groups. After discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades; the continent was explored and an additional five self-governing Crown Colonies were established.
wn.com/Australia -
Bangladesh
Coordinates: 23°N 90°E / 23°N 90°E / 23; 90
Bangladesh (i/ˈbɑːŋɡlədɛʃ/ or i/bæŋɡləˈdɛʃ/ (Anglicized pronunciation); Bengali: বাংলাদেশ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (Bengali: গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ Gônoprojatontri Bangladesh) is a sovereign state located in South Asia. It is bordered by India and Burma and by the Bay of Bengal to the south. The capital (and largest city) is Dhaka, located in central Bangladesh. The official state language is Bengali. The name Bangladesh means "Land of Bengal" or "Country of Bengal" the in the Bengali language, from Bangla "Bengal" and desh holding a dual meaning of "land" and "country" as English "country," German land, French pays, etc.
The borders of present-day Bangladesh were established with the partition of Bengal during the reign and demise of the British India. Its map was chartered by Sir Cyril Radcliffe during the creation of Pakistan and India in 1947, when the region became East Pakistan, part of the newly formed nation of Pakistan. Due to political exclusion and economic exploitation by the politically dominant West Pakistan, popular agitation grew against West Pakistan and led to the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, after the Bangladeshi Declaration of Independence on 26 March 1971. With the intervention of the Indian Army, the war came to an end on 16 December 1971 with the surrender of the Pakistan Army at Ramna Race Course.
wn.com/Bangladesh -
Belgium
Belgium (i/ˈbɛldʒəm/ BEL-jəm), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of 30,528 square kilometres (11,787 sq mi), and it has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups, the Dutch-speakers, mostly Flemish (about 60%), and the French-speakers, mostly Walloons (about 40%), plus a small group of German-speakers. Belgium's two largest regions are the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia. The Brussels-Capital Region, officially bilingual, is a mostly French-speaking enclave within the Flemish Region. A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in the political history and a complex system of government.
wn.com/Belgium -
Bourbonnais
Bourbonnais (French pronunciation: [buʁbɔnɛ]; Occitan: Borbonés / Barbonés) was a historic province in the centre of France that corresponded to the modern département of Allier, along with part of the département of Cher. Its capital was Moulins.
Its first known lord was Adhémar (or Aymar) in the 10th century AD. He acquired the castle of Bourbon (today Bourbon-l'Archambault) which gave its name to the family, the House of Bourbon.
The first House of Bourbon ended in 1200 with the death of Archambault VII. It left only one heiress, Mahaut de Bourbon, whose husband, Guy II of Dampierre, added Montlucon to the possessions of the lords of Bourbon, extending to the River Cher during the 11th and 12th centuries.
The second house of Bourbon started in 1218 with Archambault VIII, son of Guy II and Mahaut, and brother of William II of Dampierre. He was followed by his son Archambaut IX, who died in Cyprus in 1249 during a crusade. Bourbonnais was then acquired by the House of Burgundy.
In 1272, Beatrice of Burgundy (1258-1310), Lady of Bourbon, married Robert de France (1256-1318), Count of Clermont, son of king Louis IX (Saint-Louis). It was the beginning of the long-lasting House of Bourbon, providing kings of France from Henry IV through Louis-Phillipe in 1848, when monarchy was abolished in France.
wn.com/Bourbonnais -
Brazil
Brazili/brəˈzɪl/ (Portuguese: Brasil, IPA: [bɾaˈziw]), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, listen (help·info)), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 km (4,655 mi). It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas region of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay. Numerous archipelagos form part of Brazilian territory, such as Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, and Trindade and Martim Vaz. It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile.
Brazil was a colony of Portugal from the landing of Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500 until 1815, when it was elevated to the rank of kingdom and the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was formed. The colonial bond was in fact broken in 1808, when the capital of the Portuguese colonial empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, after Napoleon invaded Portugal.Independence was achieved in 1822 with the formation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. The country became a presidential republic in 1889, when a military coup d'état proclaimed the Republic, although the bicameral legislature, now called Congress, dates back to the ratification of the first constitution in 1824. Its current Constitution, formulated in 1988, defines Brazil as a Federal Republic. The Federation is formed by the union of the Federal District, the 26 States, and the 5,564 Municipalities.
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Camargue
Coordinates: 43°32′N 04°30′E / 43.533°N 4.5°E / 43.533; 4.5
The Camargue (Occitan: Camarga in classical norm or Camargo in Mistralian norm) is the region located south of Arles, France, between the Mediterranean Sea and the two arms of the Rhône River delta. The eastern arm is called the Grand Rhône; the western one is the Petit Rhône.
Administratively it lies within the département of Bouches-du-Rhône, the appropriately named "Mouths of the Rhône", and covers parts of the territory of the communes of Arles - the largest commune in Metropolitan France, Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer - the second largest - and Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rhône. A further expanse of marshy plain, the Petite Camargue (little Camargue), just to the west of the Petit Rhône, is in the département of Gard.
Camargue was designated a Ramsar site as a "Wetland of International Importance" on December 1, 1986. The area was also the inspiration for naming Operation Camargue during the First Indochina War.
With an area of over 930 km2 (360 sq mi), the Camargue is western Europe's largest river delta. It is a vast plain comprising large brine lagoons or étangs, cut off from the sea by sandbars and encircled by reed-covered marshes. These are in turn surrounded by a large cultivated area.
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Canada
Canada ( /ˈkænədə/) is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Spanning over 9,900,000 km2 (3,800,000 sq mi), Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the longest land border in the world.
The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonial expeditions explored, and later settled, along the region's Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy; the Canada Act 1982 severed the vestiges of legal dependence on Britain.
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Cantabria
Cantabria (English /kænˈtɑːbriə/, /kænˈtæbriə/; Spanish: [kanˈtaβɾja]) is a Spanish historical region and autonomous community with Santander as its capital city. It is bordered on the east by the Basque Autonomous Community (province of Biscay), on the south by Castile and León (provinces of León, Palencia and Burgos), on the west by the Principality of Asturias, and on the north by the Cantabrian Sea (Bay of Biscay).
Cantabria belongs to Green Spain, the name given to the strip of land between the Bay of Biscay and the Cantabrian Mountains, so called because of its particularly lush vegetation, due to the wet and moderate oceanic climate. The climate is strongly influenced by Atlantic Ocean winds trapped by the mountains; the average precipitation is about 1,200 mm (47 inches).
Cantabria is the richest region in the world for archaeological sites from the Upper Paleolithic period, although the first signs of human occupation date from Lower Paleolithic. The most significant site for cave paintings is that in the cave of Altamira, dating from about 16,000 to 9000 BC and declared, along with nine other Cantabrian caves, as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.
wn.com/Cantabria -
Dhaka
Dhaka (Bengali: ঢাকা, pronounced IPA: [ˈɖʱaka]; formerly spelled Dacca, named Jahangirnagar during Mughal era) is the capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka Division. Dhaka is a megacity and one of the major cities of South Asia. It is located on the banks of the Buriganga River. Dhaka, along with its metropolitan area, had a population of over 16 million in 2011, making it the largest city in Bangladesh. It is the 9th largest city in the world and also 28th among the most densely populated cities in the world. Dhaka is known as the City of Mosques and with 400,000 cycle rickshaws running on its streets every day, the city is also described as the Rickshaw Capital of the World.
Under Mughal rule in the 17th century, the city was known as Jahangir Nagar. It was a provincial capital and a centre of the worldwide muslin trade. The modern city, however, was developed chiefly under British rule in the 19th century, and became the second-largest city in Bengal after Calcutta (presently Kolkata). After the Partition of Bengal in 1905, Dhaka became the capital of the new province of Eastern Bengal and Assam but lost its status as a provincial capital again after the partition was annulled in 1911. After the partition of India in 1947, Dhaka became the administrative capital of East Pakistan, and later, in 1971, the capital of an independent Bangladesh. During the intervening period, the city witnessed widespread turmoil; this included many impositions of martial law, the declaration of Bangladesh's independence, military suppression, devastation during war, and natural calamities.
wn.com/Dhaka -
Egypt
Egypti/ˈiːdʒɪpt/ (Arabic: مصر, Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: [mɑsˤɾ] ; Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, Kīmi ; Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲏⲙⲉ, Kēme), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: جمهوريّة مصر العربيّة (help·info), is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world. Covering an area of about 1,010,000 square kilometers (390,000 sq mi), Egypt is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.
Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. The great majority of its over 81 million people live near the banks of the Nile River, in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large areas of the Sahara Desert are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.
wn.com/Egypt -
Ethiopia
Ethiopia (
/ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/) (Ge'ez: ኢትዮጵያ ʾĪtyōṗṗyā), officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2. Ethiopia is bordered by Eritrea to the north, Djibouti and Somalia to the east, Sudan and South Sudan to the west, and Kenya to the south. With its capital at Addis Ababa, it is also the most populous landlocked nation in the world.
Ethiopia was a monarchy for most of its history, and the Ethiopian dynasty traces its roots to the 2nd century BC. Ethiopia is also one of the oldest sites of human existence known to scientists today, having yielded some of humanity's oldest traces. It may be the region from which Homo sapiens first set out for the Middle East and points beyond. Alongside Rome, Persia, China and India, the Ethiopian Aksum Empire was considered one of the great world powers of the 3rd century. During the Scramble for Africa, Ethiopia was the only African country beside Liberia that retained its sovereignty as a recognized independent country, and was one of only four African members of the League of Nations. After a brief period of Italian occupation, Ethiopia became a charter member of the United Nations. When other African nations received their independence following World War II, many of them adopted the colors of Ethiopia's flag, and Addis Ababa became the location of several international organizations focused on Africa.
wn.com/Ethiopia -
France
France (Englishi/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] (
listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
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Hyōgo Prefecture
Hyōgo Prefecture (兵庫県, Hyōgo-ken?) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region on Honshū island. The capital is Kobe.
The prefecture's name was previously alternately spelled as Hiogo.
Present-day Hyōgo Prefecture includes the former provinces of Harima, Tajima, Awaji, and parts of Tamba and Settsu.
In 1180, near the end of the Heian Period, Emperor Antoku, Taira no Kiyomori, and the Imperial court moved briefly to Fukuhara, in what is now the city of Kobe. There the capital remained for five months.
Himeji Castle, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is in the city of Himeji.
Southern Hyōgo Prefecture was severely devastated by the magnitude 7.2 Great Hanshin earthquake of 1995, which destroyed major parts of Kobe and Awaji, as well as Takarazuka and neighboring Osaka prefecture, killing nearly 6,500 people.
Hyōgo has coastlines on two seas: to the north, the Sea of Japan, to the south, the Inland Sea. The northern portion is sparsely populated, except for the city of Toyooka, and the central highlands are only populated by tiny villages. Most of Hyōgo's population lives on the southern coast, which is part of the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto metropolitan area. Awaji Island is an island in the Inland Sea, lying between Honshū and Shikoku.
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Ireland
Coordinates: 53°20′N 08°00′W / 53.333°N 8°W / 53.333; -8
Ireland (pronounced [ˈaɪrlənd] ( listen); Irish: Éire [ˈeːɾʲə] ( listen); Ulster Scots: Airlann or Airlan) is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth. To its east is the larger island of Great Britain, from which it is separated by the Irish Sea.
Politically, Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland, which covers just under five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom, which covers the remainder and is located in the northeast of the island. The population of Ireland is approximately 6.4 million. Just under 4.6 million live in the Republic of Ireland and just under 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland.
Relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain epitomise Ireland's geography with several navigable rivers extending inland. The island has lush vegetation, a product of its mild but changeable oceanic climate, which avoids extremes in temperature. Thick woodlands covered the island until the 17th century. Today, it is one of the most deforested areas in Europe. There are twenty-six extant mammal species native to Ireland.
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Italy
Italyi/ˈɪtəli/ (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in south-central Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.6 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in the world.
Rome, the capital of Italy, was for centuries a political and religious centre of Western civilisation as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later, Italy became the birthplace of Maritime republics and the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought.
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Japan
Japan
i/dʒəˈpæn/ (Japanese: 日本 Nihon or Nippon; formally 日本国 Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, literally the State of Japan) is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku, together accounting for ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan has the world's tenth-largest population, with over 127 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.
Archaeological research indicates that people lived in Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other nations followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since adopting its revised constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament called the Diet.
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Kobe
Kobe (神戸市, Kōbe-shi?, Japanese pronunciation: [koːbe]), is the fifth-largest city in Japan and is the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture on the southern side of the main island of Honshū, approximately 30 km (19 mi) west of Osaka. With a population of about 1.5 million, the city is part of the Keihanshin (Keihanshin) metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kyoto.
The earliest written records regarding the region come from the Nihon Shoki, which describes the founding of the Ikuta Shrine by Empress Jingū in AD 201. For most of its history the area was never a single political entity, even during the Tokugawa Period, when the port was controlled directly by the Tokugawa Shogunate. Kobe did not exist in its current form until its founding in 1889. Its name comes from "kanbe" (神戸?), an archaic title for supporters of the city's Ikuta Shrine. Kobe became one of Japan's 17 designated cities in 1956.
Kobe was one of the cities to open for trade with the West following the end of the policy of seclusion and has since been known as a cosmopolitan port city. While the 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake diminished much of Kobe's prominence as a port city, it remains Japan's fourth busiest container port. Companies headquartered in Kobe include ASICS, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, and Kobe Steel, as well as over 100 international corporations with Asia or Japan headquarters in the city such as Procter & Gamble, Boehringer-Ingelheim and Nestlé. The city is the point of origin and namesake of Kobe beef as well as the site of one of Japan's most famous hot spring resorts, Arima Onsen.
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Lascaux
Lascaux is the setting of a complex of caves in southwestern France famous for its Paleolithic cave paintings. The original caves are located near the village of Montignac, in the department of Dordogne. They contain some of the best-known Upper Paleolithic art. These paintings are estimated to be 17,300 years old. They primarily consist of primitive images of large animals, most of which are known from fossil evidence to have lived in the area at the time. In 1979, Lascaux was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list along with other prehistoric sites in the Vézère valley.
The cave was discovered on September 12, 1940 by four teenagers, Marcel Ravidat, Jacques Marsal, Georges Agnel, and Simon Coencas, as well as Marcel's dog, Robot. The cave complex was opened to the public in 1948. By 1955, the carbon dioxide produced by 1,200 visitors per day had visibly damaged the paintings. The cave was closed to the public in 1963 in order to preserve the art. After the cave was closed, the paintings were restored to their original state, and were monitored on a daily basis. Rooms in the cave include The Hall of the Bulls, the Passageway, the Shaft, the Nave, the Apse, and the Chamber of Felines.
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Maine (province)
Le Maine is one of the traditional provinces of France (not to be confused with La Maine, the river). It corresponds to the old county of Maine, with its center, the city of Le Mans. The area, now divided into the departments of Sarthe and Mayenne, contains about 857,000 inhabitants.
Bordering the county of Anjou in the south and the Duchy of Normandy in the north, Maine was a small matter of contention between the rulers of these more powerful principalities.
Sometime between 1045 and 1047 Hugh IV married Bertha, daughter of Odo II of Blois. The Angevins did not want Maine to come under the influence of Blois, and Count Geoffrey Martel invaded Maine. The Normans had just as little desire to see Maine return to the Angevin orbit, and they too were pulled into the conflict. The precise chronology is disputed, but it is clear that in 1051 Hugh IV died and the citizens of Le Mans opened their gate to the Angevins. Anjou wound up with effective control of most of the county, but the Normans did take several important strongholds on the Maine–Normandy border.
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Mexico
Mexico (i/ˈmɛksɨkoʊ/; Spanish: México, IPA: [ˈmexiko] ( listen)), officially the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos (help·info)), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States of America; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the thirteenth largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 113 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
In Pre-Columbian Mexico many cultures matured into advanced civilizations such as the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacan, the Zapotec, the Maya and the Aztec before the first contact with Europeans. In 1521, Spain conquered and colonized the territory from its base in México-Tenochtitlan, which was administered as the Viceroyalty of New Spain. This territory would eventually become Mexico as the colony's independence was recognized in 1821. The post-independence period was characterized by economic instability, the Mexican-American War and territorial cession to the United States, a civil war, two empires and a domestic dictatorship. The latter led to the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country's current political system. Elections held in July 2000 marked the first time that an opposition party won the presidency from the Institutional Revolutionary Party.
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New Zealand
New Zealand (Māori: Aotearoa) is an island country located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmasses ‒ that of the North and South Islands ‒ as well as numerous smaller islands. New Zealand is situated some 1,500 kilometres (900 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans.
During its long isolation, New Zealand developed a distinctive biodiversity of both animal and plant life. Most notable are the large number of unique bird species, many of which became extinct after the arrival of humans and introduced mammals. With a mild maritime climate, the land was mostly covered in forest. The country's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions caused by the Pacific and Indo-Australian Plates clashing beneath the earth's surface.
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Nicaragua
Nicaragua (i/ˌnɪkəˈrɑːɡwə/ nik-ə-RAH-gwə), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (Spanish: República de Nicaragua [reˈpuβlika ðe nikaˈɾaɣwa] ( listen)), is the largest country in the Central American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The country is situated between 11 and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere, which places it entirely within the tropics. The Pacific Ocean lies to the west, and the Caribbean Sea to the east. The country's physical geography divides it into three major zones: Pacific lowlands; wet, cooler central highlands; and the Caribbean lowlands. On the Pacific side of the country are the two largest fresh water lakes in Central America—Lake Managua and Lake Nicaragua. Surrounding these lakes and extending to their northwest along the rift valley of the Gulf of Fonseca are fertile lowland plains, with soil highly enriched by ash from nearby volcanoes of the central highlands. Nicaragua's abundance of biologically significant and unique ecosystems contribute to Mesoamerica's designation as a biodiversity hotspot.
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Orkney
Orkney (Scottish Gaelic: Arcaibh) also known as the Orkney Islands (and sometimes "the Orkneys", a name which locals disparage), is an archipelago in northern Scotland, 16 kilometres (10 mi) north of the coast of Caithness. Orkney comprises approximately 70 islands of which 20 are inhabited. The largest island, known as the "Mainland" has an area of 523.25 square kilometres (202.03 sq mi) making it the sixth largest Scottish island and the tenth-largest island in the British Isles. The largest settlement and administrative centre is Kirkwall.
The name "Orkney" dates back to the 1st century BC or earlier, and the islands have been inhabited for at least 8,500 years. Originally occupied by Mesolithic and Neolithic tribes and then by the Picts, Orkney was invaded and forcibly annexed by Norway in 875 and settled by the Norse. It was subsequently annexed to the Scottish Crown in 1472, following the failed payment of a dowry for James III's bride, Margaret of Denmark. Orkney contains some of the oldest and best-preserved Neolithic sites in Europe, and the "Heart of Neolithic Orkney" is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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Pakistan
Pakistan (i/ˈpækɨstæn/ or i/pɑːkiˈstɑːn/; Urdu: پاکستان) (Urdu pronunciation: [paːkɪˈst̪aːn] (
listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان), is a sovereign country in South Asia. It sits at the crossroads of the strategically important regions of South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi) coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west and north, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and it shares a marine border with Oman.
The territory of modern Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures, including the Neolithic Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and has undergone invasions or settlements by Hindu, Persian, Indo-Greek, Islamic, Turco-Mongol, Afghan and Sikh cultures. Thus the area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Indian Mauryan Empire, the Persian Achaemenid Empire, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire and the British Empire. As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and India's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent nation for Muslims from the regions in the east and west of India where there was a Muslim majority. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a new constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. A civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh.
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Paraguay
Paraguay (i/ˈpɛərəɡwaɪ/, PAIR-ə-gwy), officially the Republic of Paraguay (Spanish: República del Paraguay [reˈpuβlika ðel paɾaˈɣwai], Guaraní: Tetã Paraguái [teˈtã paɾaˈɣwaj]), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the country from north to south. Due to its central location in South America, it is sometimes referred to as Corazón de América, or the Heart of America.
The Guaraní have been living in Paraguay since before the arrival of Europeans in the 16th century, when Paraguay became part of the Spanish colonial empire. Following independence from Spain in 1811, Paraguay was ruled by a series of dictators who followed isolationist and protectionist policies. This development was truncated by the disastrous Paraguayan War (1864–1870) in which the country lost 60% to 70% of its population and large amounts of territory. During a large part of the 20th century, Paraguay was ruled by Alfredo Stroessner, who led one of South America's longest lived military dictatorships. In 1989 Stroessner was toppled and free elections were celebrated in 1993. In 1994 Paraguay joined Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay to found Mercosur.
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Portugal
Portugali/ˈpɔrtʃʉɡəl/ (Portuguese: Portugal, IPA: [puɾtuˈɣaɫ]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa) is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula . Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are part of Portugal. The country is named after its second largest city, Porto, whose Latin name was Portus Cale.
The land within the borders of the current Portuguese Republic has been continuously settled since prehistoric times: occupied by Celts like the Gallaeci and the Lusitanians, integrated into the Roman Republic and later settled by Germanic peoples such as the Suebi, Swabians, Vandals and the Visigoths. In the 8th century most of the Iberian Peninsula was conquered by Moorish invaders professing Islam, which were later expelled by the Knights Templar under the Order of Christ. During the Christian Reconquista, Portugal established itself as an independent kingdom from León in 1139, claiming to be the oldest European nation state.
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Russia
Russiai/ˈrʌʃə/ or /ˈrʊʃə/ (Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə] ( listen)), is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, and the US state of Alaska by the Bering Strait. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the eighth most populous nation with 143 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning nine time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources and is the largest producer of oil and natural gas globally. Russia has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
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Salamanca
Salamanca is a city in western Spain, in the community of Castile and León. Because it is known for its beautiful buildings and urban environment, the Old City was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. It is the most important university city in Spain and supplies 16% of Spain's market for the teaching of the Spanish language. Salamanca attracts thousands of international students, generating a diverse, multicultural environment.
It is situated approximately 200 km (120 mi) west of Madrid and 80 km (50 mi) east of the Portuguese border. The University of Salamanca, which was founded in 1218, is the oldest university in Spain and the third oldest western university. With its 30,000 students, the university is, together with tourism, the economic engine of the city.
Salamanca is the capital of the province of Salamanca, which belongs to the autonomous community of Castile and León (Castilla y León). With a metropolitan population around 192,000 it is the second most populated urban area in Castile and León, after Valladolid (369,000), and closely followed by Leon (187,000) and Burgos (176,000).
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Scotland
Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba ([ˈalˠ̪apə] listen (help·info))) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland constitutes over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.
Edinburgh, the country's capital and second largest city, is one of Europe's largest financial centres. Edinburgh was the hub of the Scottish Enlightenment of the 18th century, which transformed Scotland into one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe. Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, was once one of the world's leading industrial cities and now lies at the centre of the Greater Glasgow conurbation. Scottish waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the European Union. This has given Aberdeen, the third largest city in Scotland, the title of Europe's oil capital.
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Sierra de Guadarrama
The Sierra de Guadarrama is a mountain range forming the main eastern section of the Sistema Central, the system of mountain ranges at the centre of the Iberian Peninsula. It is located between the Sierra de Gredos in the province of Ávila, and Sierra de Ayllón in the province of Guadalajara. The range runs southwest - northeast, extending into the province of Madrid to the south, and towards the provinces of Ávila and Segovia to the north. The chain as a whole measures approximately 80 km in length, with its highest peak, Peñalara, reaching 2,428 m above sea level (7,965 ft).
The vegetation of the mountain range is characterized by an abundance of pine forests and copses of oak and Holm oak in its lower slopes, while the montane grasslands and pastures around the summits are fringed by juniper and Spanish Broom shrubs. The mountains abound with a variety of wildlife such as Spanish ibex, roe deer, fallow deer, wild boar, badger, various types of weasel, European wild cat, fox and hare. The area is also rich in birdlife including birds of prey such as the Spanish Imperial Eagle and the Eurasian Black Vulture.
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Spain
Spain (i/ˈspeɪn/ SPAYN; Spanish: España, pronounced: [esˈpaɲa] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a sovereign state and a member of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north and north east by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla, that border Morocco. Furthermore, the town of Llívia is a Spanish exclave situated inside French territory. With an area of 504,030 square kilometres (194,610 sq mi), it is the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union after France, and the fourth largest country in Europe after Russia, Ukraine and France.
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Switzerland
Switzerland (German: die Schweiz[ˈʃvaɪts]; French: Suisse [sɥis(ə)]; Italian: Svizzera [ˈzvit͡sːɛra]; Romansh: Svizra [ˈʒviːtsrɐ] or [ˈʒviːtsʁːɐ]), in its full name the Swiss Confederation (Latin: Confoederatio Helvetica, hence its abbreviation CH), is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in western Europe, where it is bordered by Germany to the north, France to the west, Italy to the south, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.
Switzerland is a landlocked country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning an area of 41,285 km2 (15,940 sq mi). While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately 8 million people is concentrated mostly on the Plateau, where the largest cities are to be found. Among them are the two global cities and economic centres of Zurich and Geneva.
The Swiss Confederation has a long history of armed neutrality—it has not been in a state of war internationally since 1815—and did not join the United Nations until 2002. It pursues, however, an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world. Switzerland is also the birthplace of the Red Cross and home to a large number of international organizations, including the second largest UN office. On the European level, it is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association and is part of the Schengen Area – although it is notably not a member of the European Union, nor the European Economic Area.
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Texas
Texas (i/ˈtɛksəs/) (Alibamu: Teksi ) is the second most populous and the second most extensive of the 50 United States, and the most extensive state of the 48 contiguous United States. The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in East Texas. Located in the South Central United States, Texas shares an international border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south, and borders the US states of New Mexico to the west, Oklahoma to the north, Arkansas to the northeast, and Louisiana to the east. Texas has an area of 268,820 square miles (696,200 km2), and a growing population of 25.7 million residents.
During the Spanish colonial rule, the area was officially known as the Nuevo Reino de Filipinas: La Provincia de Texas. Antonio Margil de Jesús was known to be the first person to use the name in a letter to the Viceroy of Mexico in July 20, 1716. The name was not popularly used in daily speech but often appeared in legal documents until the end of the 1800s.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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Uruguay
Uruguayi/ˈjʊərəɡwaɪ/, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, sometimes the Eastern Republic of Uruguay; (Spanish: República Oriental del Uruguay pronounced: [re̞ˈpuβ̞lika o̞ɾje̞n̪ˈt̪al̪ d̪e̞l uɾuˈɰwai̯]) is a country in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to 3.3 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area. An estimated 88% of the population are of European ancestry.
Except for the recent union of Timoteo Domínguez Island and Argentina's Martín García Island, Uruguay's only land border is with Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, to the north. To the west lies the Uruguay River and the estuary of the Río de la Plata to the southwest. To the southeast lies the southern part of the Atlantic Ocean. With an area of approximately 176,000 square kilometres (68,000 sq mi), Uruguay is the second-smallest nation in South America by area, after Suriname.
Colonia del Sacramento, one of the oldest European settlements in the country, was founded by the Portuguese in 1680. Montevideo was founded by the Spanish in the early 18th century as a military stronghold. Uruguay won its independence in 1811–28 following a three-way struggle between the claims of Spain, Argentina and Brazil. It is a constitutional democracy, with a president who is both the head of state and the head of government.
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Valtellina
Valtellina or the Valtelline valley (occasionally spelled as two words in English: Val Telline); (Lombard: Valtulina, Italian: Valtellina, German: Veltlin, Romansh: Vuclina) is a valley in the Lombardy region of northern Italy, bordering Switzerland. Today it is known for its skiing, its hot spring spas, its cheeses (in particular Bitto, named after the torrent Bitto) and its wines. In past centuries it was a key alpine pass between northern Italy and Germany and control of the Valtelline was much sought after, particularly during the Thirty Years' War.
The most important comune of the valley is Sondrio; the others major centers are Aprica, Morbegno, Tirano, Bormio and Livigno. Although Livigno is on the northern side of the alpine watershed, it is considered part of Valtellina as it falls within the province of Sondrio.
During the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, the Valtellina belonged to Graubünden (the "Grey Leagues"), which was then a mutual-defense region independent of Switzerland but is now the easternmost Swiss Canton. Graubünden is an area in which German, Romansh, Lombard and Italian are all spoken, and hence during 16th century rule by Graubünden, the region became known variously as Veltlin, Westtirol (West Tyrol), and the Welsche Vogteien ("Foreign Bailiwicks").
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Wales
Walesi/ˈweɪlz/ (Welsh: Cymru;Welsh pronunciation: [ˈkəm.rɨ] ( listen)) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain,bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has a population of three million, and a total area of 20,779 km2 (8,023 sq mi). Wales has over 1,200 km (750 mi) of coastline, including its offshore islands; the largest, Anglesey (Ynys Môn), is also the largest island in the Irish Sea. Wales is largely mountainous, with its highest peaks in the north and central areas, especially in Snowdonia (Eryri), which contains Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa), its highest summit.
During the Iron Age and early medieval period, Wales was inhabited by the Celtic Britons. A distinct Welsh national identity emerged in the centuries after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century, and Wales is regarded as one of the modern Celtic nations today. Gruffydd ap Llywelyn was recognised as King of Wales in 1057. Llywelyn ap Gruffydd's death in 1282 marked the completion of Edward I of England's conquest of Wales. The castles and town walls erected to ensure its permanence are now UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Owain Glyndŵr briefly restored independence to what was to become modern Wales, in the early 15th century. Wales was subsequently annexed by England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542 since when, excluding those matters now devolved to Wales, English law has been the legal system of Wales and England. Distinctive Welsh politics developed in the 19th century. Welsh Liberalism, exemplified in the early 20th century by Lloyd George, was displaced by the growth of socialism and the Labour Party. Welsh national feeling grew over the century; Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925 and The Welsh Language Society in 1962. The National Assembly for Wales, created in 1999 following a referendum, holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters.
wn.com/Wales -
Ávila, Spain
Ávila (Latin: Abila and Obila) is a Spanish city located in the autonomous community of Castile and León, capital of the province of the same name.
"Ávila de los Caballeros" is an honorific title of the city and others are "Ávila del Rey" and "Ávila de los Leales" which are all present in the flag of the city.
The city is notable for having complete medieval city walls which were built in the Romanesque style. It is also one of the cities with the highest number of Romanesque churches, Gothic churches and catering establishments in relation to the number of its inhabitants.
It is known by many as the city of «Pebbles and Saints». The writer José Martínez Ruiz Azorín, after writing The Castilian Soul, said it was "perhaps the most 16th century city of Spain".
The city is 1131 meters (3665 feet) above sea level, the highest provincial capital in Spain. It is built on the flat summit of a rocky hill, which rises abruptly in the midst of a veritable wilderness: a brown, arid, treeless table-land, strewn with immense grey boulders, and shut in by lofty mountains. This results in an extreme climate, with very hard and long winters, and short summers.
wn.com/Ávila,_Spain
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Beef Wellington
Beef Wellington is a preparation of filet steak coated with pâté (often pâté de foie gras) and duxelles, which is then wrapped in puff pastry and baked. Some recipes include wrapping the coated meat in a crêpe to retain the moisture and prevent it making the pastry soggy.
A whole tenderloin may be wrapped and baked, and then sliced for serving, or the tenderloin may be sliced into individual portions prior to wrapping and baking. Many spices may be added to enhance the flavour; some examples are curry, allspice, any grilling mix or ginger.
The origin of the name is unclear. There are theories that suggest that beef Wellington is named after Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. Some theories go a step further and suggest this was due to his love of a dish of beef, truffles, mushrooms, Madeira wine, and pâté cooked in pastry, but there is a noted lack of evidence supporting this. In addition to the dearth of evidence attaching this dish to the famous Duke, the earliest recorded recipe to bear this name appeared in a 1966 cookbook. Other accounts simply credit the name to a patriotic chef wanting to give an English name to a variation on the French filet de bœuf en croûte during the Napoleonic Wars. Still another theory is that the dish is not named after the Duke himself, but rather that the finished filet was thought to resemble one of the brown shiny military boots which were named after him.
wn.com/Beef_Wellington -
Buddhist
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy indigenous to the Indian subcontinent and encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs, and practices largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, who is commonly known as the Buddha (meaning "the awakened one" in Sanskrit and Pāli). The Buddha lived and taught in the eastern part of Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE. He is recognized by Buddhists as an awakened or enlightened teacher who shared his insights to help sentient beings end ignorance (avidyā), craving (taṇhā), and suffering (dukkha), by recognizing dependent origination and sunyata, and attain Nirvana.
Two major branches of Buddhism are recognized: Theravada ("The School of the Elders") and Mahayana ("The Great Vehicle"). Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Mahayana is found throughout East Asia and includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, Shingon, Tiantai (Tendai) and Shinnyo-en. In some classifications, Vajrayana—practiced mainly in Tibet and Mongolia, and adjacent parts of China and Russia—is recognized as a third branch, while others classify it as a part of Mahayana. There are other categorisations of these three Vehicles or Yanas.
wn.com/Buddhist -
Germanic languages
The Germanic languages constitute a sub-branch of the Indo-European (IE) language family. The common ancestor of all of the languages in this branch is called Proto-Germanic (also known as Common Germanic), which was spoken in approximately the mid-1st millennium BC in Iron Age northern Europe. Proto-Germanic, along with all of its descendants, is characterized by a number of unique linguistic features, most famously the consonant change known as Grimm's law. Early varieties of Germanic enter history with the Germanic peoples moving south from northern Europe in the 2nd century BC, to settle in north-central Europe.
The most widely spoken Germanic languages are English and German, with approximately 300–400 million and over 100 million native speakers respectively. They belong to the West Germanic family. The West Germanic group also includes other major languages, such as Dutch with 23 million and Afrikaans with over 6 million native speakers;. The North Germanic languages include Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, Icelandic, and Faroese, which have a combined total of about 20 million speakers. The SIL Ethnologue lists 53 different Germanic languages.
wn.com/Germanic_languages -
Jews
The Jews (Hebrew: יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3 Yhudim Israeli pronunciation [jehuˈdim]), also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and an ethnoreligious group, originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation.Converts to Judaism, whose status as Jews within the Jewish ethnos is equal to those born into it, have been absorbed into the Jewish people throughout the millennia.
In Jewish tradition, Jewish ancestry is traced to the Biblical patriarchs Abraham, Isaac and Jacob in the second millennium BCE. The modern State of Israel defines itself as a Jewish state in its Basic Laws, and Israel's Law of Return states: "Every Jew has the right to come to this country as an oleh." Israel is the only country where Jews are a majority of the population. Jews achieved political autonomy twice before in ancient history. The first of these periods lasted from 1350 to 586 BCE, and encompassed the periods of the Judges, the United Monarchy, and the Divided Monarchy of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, ending with the destruction of the First Temple. The second was the period of the Hasmonean Kingdom spanning from 140 to 37 BCE. Since the destruction of the First Temple, most Jews have lived in diaspora. A minority in every country in which they live (except Israel), they have frequently experienced persecution throughout history, resulting in a population that has fluctuated both in numbers and distribution over the centuries.
wn.com/Jews -
Margaret Mead
Margaret Mead (December 16, 1901 – November 15, 1978) was an American cultural anthropologist, who was frequently a featured writer and speaker in the mass media throughout the 1960s and 1970s. She earned her bachelor degree at Barnard College in New York City, and her M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from Columbia University.
She was both a popularizer of the insights of anthropology into modern American and Western culture and a respected, if controversial, academic anthropologist. Her reports about the attitudes towards sex in South Pacific and Southeast Asian traditional cultures amply informed the 1960s sexual revolution. Mead was a champion of broadened sexual mores within a context of traditional western religious life.
An Anglican Christian, she played a considerable part in the drafting of the 1979 American Episcopal Book of Common Prayer.
Mead, the first of five children, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, but raised in Doylestown. Her father, Edward Sherwood Mead, was a professor of finance at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, and her mother, Emily (Fogg) Mead, was a sociologist who studied Italian immigrants. Her sister Katharine (1906–1907) died at the age of nine months. This was a traumatic event for Mead, who had named this baby, and thoughts of her lost sister permeated her daydreams for many years. Her family moved frequently, so her early education alternated between home-schooling and traditional schools. Born into a family of varying religious outlooks, she searched for a form of religion that gave an expression of the faith that she had been formally acquainted with, Christianity. In doing so, she found the rituals of the Episcopal Church to fit the expression of religion she was seeking. Margaret studied one year, 1919, at DePauw University, then transferred to Barnard College where she earned her bachelor's degree in 1923.
wn.com/Margaret_Mead
- Young Gunz
- Lil' Flip
- Pete Rock
- Silkk The Shocker
- Notorious B.I.G.
- De La Soul
- Mac
- Chubb Rock
- Lil' Wayne
- Boogie Down Productions
- Royce Da 5'9''
karaoke
Yo, C hand me that muthafuckin' ratchet man
These niggas talkin' all that beef shit
Soon as this nigga come around the muthafuckin' corner
I'ma lay this nigga, fuck this nigga
Hundred rounds lay 'em down from a far
Talking that trunk shit layed down by the bar
Spit it how I live it, yeah, I'm down for the [Incomprehensible]
Thinking I ain't wit it run around from New York
Though I knew niggas, niggas is down wit the law
All new heat niggas ain't down wit the broads
I ain't tryin' lease, I'm puttin' down what it cost
All you playa haters get lost
I'm warnin' niggas, informin' niggas
We can take it toe-to-toe, blow-for-blow
Grab you four Teflons goin' [Incomprehensible]
Shoot em' up, niggas is rugered up
The lead flyin', somebody dyin', suit em' up
Nigga you come in our direction, shells in your fleshin'
I was told homey squeeze first in thought of question
Niggas will never ever get on our level
Before you gettin' my cheddar, homey you kiss my bareta
If it's beef, fire it up, if it's beef, fire it up
If it's beef, fire it up, if it's beef, fire it up
If it's beef, fire it up, if it's beef, fire it up
If it's beef, fire it up, fire it up, fire it up
Yo, it start from a fist fight, you know where it end right
Niggas talkin' that roach shit, gettin' they ratchet
Tryin' to lead the only thing you love out to be bastards
Gotta walk down on them, 'cause them feinds ain't askin'
That laser grip bullshit you might as well get rid of it
[Incomprehensible] what I got I let it breathe a little bit
Trust me that pump-action guaranteed you a casket
Some cryin' other niggas was laughin'
In my hood it ain't good, niggas get what they deserve
That Mauseberg 500 lay em' on the curb
All cause him and them had a couple words
Now mom dukes lettin' off a couple birds
Dubs cry, slugs fly most times it ain't even over no pies
It's just some regular of guys
Wanted dead or alive
And in my hood they never ask that question why
If it's beef, fire it up, if it's beef, fire it up
If it's beef, fire it up, if it's beef, fire it up
If it's beef, fire it up, if it's beef, fire it up
If it's beef, fire it up, fire it up, fire it up
You know we right back at 'em, tinted up on the caddy
Bunch of pistol grips and I fullied the automaty
Yeah and I can care less if they bag me
Gotta hit 'em where it hurt, while she comin' out of church
Ransom a hundred grand, it can get me what she worth
For I put her to the earth and otherwise she murked
Just another T-shirt, nigga lost in the sauce
Next time you know better fuckin' with a boss
They know we tear the place up, face fruity and the Jacob
Play tough big ass toolie cover the waist up
Call my ace up nigga pay him on his way up
I told him bring the eight's up and someone bring the K's up
Comin' straight up, somebody block gettin' sprayed
Babies time to wake up somebody shootin' again
Somebody losin' a friend over music again
Happened before we'll do it again, you fuck around nigga
If it's beef, fire it up, if it's beef, fire it up
If it's beef, fire it up, if it's beef, fire it up
If it's beef, fire it up, if it's beef, fire it up
Your Leaving The Club Drunk ,Im Three Cars Behind
And I Dont Need No Help When I Handle My Biz
Cuz You Rap Niggas Be On My Dick More Than My Bitch
Im Not A Cupcake Nigga,Im Hard As A Rock
Im Like Pac I Got Shot Then I Checked Myself Out
Tha Doc Told Me To Get Rest So I Went To Tha Lab
Im Hitting Wid An Uppercut You Shouldnt Went For That Jab
Now My Whole State Pissed Cuz You Dont Know Who You Dissed
Y'all don't want, beef
No y'all don't want, that
Get caught up in these streets
Get shot up by them heats
Y'all don't want, beef
No y'all don't want, that
Get caught up in these streets
Get shot up by them heats
Word to my cousin, the truth and no lie
Me and my dawg was in his brand new Land, puffin' on lye
Tameka came by, glossy-eyed as she cried
Lil' Jay got sprayed with a chrome four-five
That's my motherfuckin' man, get in the Land
Head to the rest, grab vests, switch whips to the Caravan
I heard an ambulance right up the block
Plus more shots, the shit's gettin' hot, pull up and park
By the back, pass the gat, hit the lights and lay back
Hold up, now roll up, yo where them niggaz at?
I know one of them cats from the projects with Jay
The first nigga move, I'ma pull this gun, spray
No delay, we stay night to fuckin' dawn
It's on, my head spinnin', feelin' my cheeks get warm
Tears drip as I stepped out the whip
Slipped a clip, had to get hit, uh-uh that's that bullshit
Y'all don't want beef
No y'all don't want that
Get caught up in these streets
Get shot up by them heats
Y'all don't want beef
No y'all don't want that
Get caught up in these streets
Get shot up by them heats
Yo, I can't believe my man since 3rd grade got sprayed
Bullet laced as he laid, chokin' up blood with no aid
Made money for the purpose of his daughter
Victim of an unmerciful slaughter, explain harder
Or don't bother, I'ma heat yo' ass like lava
Identified was that tinted gray Chevy Impala
Fleein' the scene, as the back tires screamed
Now for them my man [Incomprehensible], ruined his whole dream
Of playin' ball pro, bitch that's how it go
You let me know, I'll hit your whole fuckin' team with the metal
Mental struggle got my hand under the bubble
Tryin' to blow steam and leave the scene blood puddles
Snakes, whattup nigga? These niggaz ain't explainin'
Well, fuck it then, it's time for some gestratin'
Hit him in the worthless shell he came in
Murder is a sin, but it's worse him dyin' on revenge and I ain't havin' it
Y'all don't want beef
No y'all don't want that
Get caught up in these streets
Get shot up by them heats
Y'all don't want beef
No y'all don't want that
Get caught up in these streets
Get shot up by them heats
I ain't havin' it, reached in the bubble and grabbed it
Automatic cocked back and squeezed through his Polo fabric
Nigga duckin' and runnin', irrationally gunnin'
Thinkin' to myself, do I gotta hit someone
Then I heard shots from a back route
Fired back out, got shot, dropped and blacked out
Put in a clap out, didn't map out or act out the plans
Now I'm consciously layin' while bullets is sprayin' the Caravan
We can't lose, I hear shotguns then 22's
Left arm booze, or blood soaked through my Adidas shoes
Heavy breathin', a lot of bleedin'
Bitches screamin', put over on my good shoulder, started squeezin'
Out the back window, she gave the wrong info
Suddenly crashed into a Pinto
Hopped out, flew through the back yard, word to God
It's on and I felt the gat slip through my palm
Kept runnin', hopped the fence, hopin' that I didn't leave prints
Spotted a black Ac' parked with dark tints
Broke the passenger's side, hotwired the wide and slide
Another unsolved homicide
Y'all don't want beef
No y'all don't want that
Get caught up in these streets
Get shot up by them heats
Y'all don't want beef
No y'all don't want that
Get caught up in these streets
What
Do ya'll wanna do (what ya'll wanna do, what)
Do ya'll really want beef (do ya'll)
And do ya'll want it with me (uh-uh)
I don't think sooooooo
What
Do ya'll wanna do (what ya'll wanna do, what)
Do ya'll really want beef (do ya'll)
And do ya'll want it with me
Nooooooooooo
I thought I left, all that drama dog, back in the streets
I gotta result to riding low, and my homies in the back seat
See, you know we the type of boys that burn blocks
I aint fucking wit them boys, them boys done turned pop
They should of turned and run, but now they turned and come
They wanna turn to gun, I gotta turn to none
See, ya'll gone fuck around and turn me back to the old Silkk
And them boys who know me, ya'll know Silkk
They know I'm the Shocker, that means I don't play no games
I say it directly, but this time I aint gone say no names
Uh, my whole click, they with it, with it
And you know, no ski mask on who did it, did it, (did it)
Now, Check this out
Now what you wanna do, cause too many niggas are feeling played
'Til I check 'em and correct 'em, and totally disrespect 'em
Like bitches, they snitches, motivated by nigga's riches
And want be satisfied 'til they die, or lost in ditches
Bury me TRU nigga shit No Limit Records
Respect us, and never check us, real naggers we causing ruckus
And the 504, the boot, the south, the gutter, and the swamp
Fake naggers can't hang or slang cause they get banged and even stomped
You can tell these bitch naggers, don't want war with me
I'm A Iberville nigga 'till they bury me
Recognize, I'm a motherfucking soldier nigga
Hearing screams from your family while I'm clutching my trigga
My whole click, straight up scandalous, if it's beef, you will see
Naggers heads getting bust, if they fuck with me
These naggers don't wanna fuck with us, they betta get out tha way
Holiday gotta "k", he knows where you stay
(suga bear) do you really wanna mess with me
Fool around and be my enemy
do you really wanna mess with me
We here (uh-huh)
We ain't goin nowhere (uh-uhh)
Yall motherfuckers don't know what beef is
Ha ha ha ha ha, check out this bizarre
Rapper style used by me, the B.I.G. (b.i.g.)
I put my key you put your key in, money we'll be seein (c'mon)
Will reach the fuckin ceiling, check it (check it)
My Calico been cocked, this rap Alfred Hitchcock
Drop top notch playa hating won't stop (uhh)
This instant, rappers too persistant
Quick to spit Biggie name on shit
Make my name taste like ass when you speak it, (yeah)
See me in the street your jewelry you can keep it, (keep it)
That'll be our little secret, (shhh)
See me, B that is, I that is, G whiz
Motherfuckers still in my biz (c'mon)
Hope they know my nigga Gutter fuckin kidnip kids (thats right)
Fuck 'em in the ass, throw 'em over the bridge (aaah)
That's how it is, my shit is laid out (laid out)
Fuck that beef shit, that shit is played out (played out)
Y'all got to go, all I make is one phone call
All y'all dissapear by tomorrow (tomorrow)
All your guns is borrowed, I don't feel sorrow (no sorrow)
Actually, your man passed the gat to me, now check this (talk to em)
What's beef? Beef is when you need two gats to go to sleep
Beef is when your moms ain't safe up in the streets
Beef is when I see you, guaranteed to be an ICU, one more time
What's beef? Beef is when you make your enemies start your Jeep
Beef is when you roll no less than thirty deep
Beef is when I see you guaranteed to be a ICU, check it
I done clapped at the best of them
Been caused the death of them
These dudes don't want no more, shit is affecting them
Tops popped off, them niggaz from the bridge
Just be, wildlin' on you line that red dot on you, (take that)
Dont know or warn you, catch them all hogged up
Sober that ass up with clips, the ratchet spit
Number one with the buddhaka, henny-sour diesel
Ain't no tellin what I do to ya
It's obvious ma you ain't fucking keep it moving ma
Pow, pow, pow, pow, pow they shot 'em in their cars
I wish I was there, I would of shot back all em'
They fire return fire put it right back on em'
Sacrafice myself for you no problem, (no problem)
In the flames I burn for my niggaz thats gone
And the niggaz that took the hits on my niggaz you been warned
P's not the one, Hav not the one
You try to run up on us
We already bustin' the guns
They'll be nothin but smooth sailing (talk to em)
When I spit shots, now your crew's bailing (yall don't know what beef is)
All I got is heat and tough talk for you
Tie you up, cut your balls off just for you
Man this is straight torture, look what that slick shit bought ya (c'mon)
A first class ticket to Lucifer, real name Cristopher (yea, chris)
Watch me set it off like Vivica (c'mon thats right)
Here lies your demise, close your eyes (close your eyes)
Think good thoughts, die while your skin start to glisten
Pale blue hands get cold, your soul's risen (damn)
It's bad cause I just begun
What make the shit real bad I was havin fun (hahaha)
Attention MCs........Attention MCs
Beef doesnt happen on records
Beef does not happen on records
You don't know what beef is, (you don't know what beef is)
You don't want no beef you fuckin fake studio ass gangsta
rapping motherfuckers!, (c'mon man)
Fuck outta here!, (fuck outta here)
Beef is B.I.G. not being here, (b.i.g. we miss you)
Beef is your love ones not being here, (we miss you)
Beef is every so-called ghetto superstar that rose
to the top and dropped just as quickly, (thats beef)
On some bullshit
What's beef 2006?
What's beef (that's beef)
Yall motherfuckers don't know what beef is, (that's beef)
Fuck all yall (bitches)
[unknown guest poet:]
Nah that's not what I mean
I mean, every mornin I wake up and I give thanks
Y'know, that I get dressed up and rob banks
I don't need a mask, I ain't askin for favors
Everybody got it rough
If you were the only one who had it bad
then there would be a cause for effect, you hear me?
It's easy to live after the world's opinion
It's easy to live accordin to your own
And when she don't got love for you, man
She's like a loaf of bread with nuttin to drink
Goin down hard, that's word up
She'll tear anything up for you
Shit is rough but it's fair man, ain't a joke out here
Niggaz been doin good for a long time
but now the game has changed, y'knahmsayin?
We just came home, now we got BEEF~!
Intro:
What them niggas in here wanted to know
They done made beef with one of the realest niggas rollin
Now it's time to go
Verse 1:
Now pump me up so all them real niggaz can feel me
I told y'all what I represent and that's until they kill me
Why these niggas play with me I guess I never know the answer
Well beefin with mac is like sleepin with lung cancer
You know you gon die, you don't know where
You don't know when, you don't know nothin
But that nigga was camoflauged with a mac 10
I remember y'all faces, I remember the days I remember the times
I remember I was in the mall and this nigga just wasn't respectin my
Mind
I knew the nigga he was with and the nigga he was with was tellin him
Chill
This nigga continued, this nigga couldn't be for real
I never said a word, cause tru niggas don't be yappin
He must take me for some kind of hoe, cause I be rappin
I look in his eyes and seen the daddy was really soft
Either he just full of that shit, or just tryin to get his nuts off
However, whatever, I don't give a fuck, you done played with the big
Chief
Now asks yourself, do you really wanna sleep nigga
Chorus: 2x
We got beef
All my niggas gon ride tonight
We got beef
Somebody's gon die tonight
We got beef
Don't even sleep
Soon as I leave the studio, I'll be headed to your street nigga
Verse 2:
I was by my potnahs house peepin out these beats that he made
Just chillin, free stylin, just thinkin about some ways to get paid
Some new nigga he came around and I never met him
Get close to me, I don't even know why these niggas let him
For some strange reason, he never looked me in my eyes
When he spoke he ducked his head, or just yapped to one of them other
Guys
And we was outside talkin, I was lettin him peep out my new weapon
I walked away for one second, when I came back he started steppin
Look, I thought nothin of it, I just continued to yap and talk
But when I went to go get my shit, I had realized my shit had walked
What the fuck? who the fuck got a ride? look show me his spot
If I see this nigga with my shit, this nigga gon get got
But the lord must love the wicked too, cause I had never seen his face
But you best believe when I catch him, him and my bullets they gon
Embrace
Forgive me for my anger, I'm a product of the streets
And I was taught that you never ever ever sleep with beef, peace
Chorus
Outro:
We got beef
When you beefin with them no limit niggas, it's like beefin with me
When you beefin with master p nigga, that's like beefin with me
When you beefin with the shocker, that's like beefin with me
Nigga, when you beefin with c-murder, that's like beefin with me
When you beefin with any nigga on the tank, that's like beefin with me
And you know what I do to niggas that beef with me
PMD
Das EFX
And the C-h-u-double b
Beef
Here we go
[ Chubb Rock ]
I arrive from the steps of Sinai cause I'm fly
When you're high from the lye
You see me mingle in the sky
The dim light superceeds the street cock fight
Straight heterosex, but I still dig Van, ya dyke
From the mic flip, metronome time skip, who will high-ship
The Brooklyn base scholar and them niggas past Islip
And ooh-ooh, I curse you with that Fugee-la voodoo
Will do you like Italian deli kids slicing prosciutto
I barb you like Bobbito, the airport, right through Heathrow
Release murder niggas like Ito
Pure hatred, cause he picked who he picked to mate with
Then laced it, bourgeois player two-faced it
Hey revamp the swing to parlay
How black power went sour, where's Brother Jay?
Where's the 'pink Cadillacs protected by' whoever?
The red and the black, green, Hilfiger nigga
Indians wanna protect the Lone Howling Chief
So kids create beef
[ CHORUS ]
Beef
Back in the days when we had nothin but beef
At the end you may lose nothin but teeth
That's fly
But nowadays ask kids
When they have beef, you might die
Why?
[ Skoob ]
While niggas beef about this and biggedy-beef about that
I'm with my soldiers in the Rover, never sober, fuck that
Yo dun, I run with wild Crooklyn niggas with gats
Pigged-push wigs back on corner spots full of criggedy-crack
My niggas click back, kid, that's why we hold somethin
And break your punk ass down just like you stole somethin
When I rock with Chubb you block show me love
Nigga what, want beef, we drawin first blood
[ Krazy Drazy ]
Well, it's the riggedy-rhyme dropper, the hip-hopper, you know the name
I ciggedy-can't explain (why niggas beefin in the game)
You see, I niggedy-never get shocked when a nigga get wet
Tiggedy-talk that shit, I guess you're bound to get hit
The rap zone's now a war zone, we fight on sight
We wiggedy-wildin out, provin all these white folks right
We like some crabs in a barrel tryin to get on top
The Hit Squad, Chubb Rock represent hip-hop
So kill the beef
[ CHORUS ]
[ PMD ]
Well, when I first dropped the bait back in 1988
I couldn't wait to get straight and dominate state to state
Went to feud, bullshit evil, exterminatin flows
Check your grip, don't slip or get a dose on how it goes
Jealous niggas, gun triggers, fuckin up the game
But me you can't tame, an outlaw like Jesse James
We got east versus west, bullet-proof tef' vest
Who's the best? But let it rest, because there's no contest
Temptation, accusations need to stop
Unify hip-hop, PMD, Chubb Rock
[ Chubb Rock ]
Now - I will come back to the groove
Now my man Common on wax slayin Ice Cube - anyway, that's cool
That nigga somewhere 'higher learnin'
And of course there's that famous beef between Parrish and Sermon
And that's cool, both those niggas killed Jane
And now there's Nice without Smooth - that's insane
And I heard they squashed that, and that shit should cease
Cause black mutha-uckas shouldn't beef
Beef
Beef
Back in the daa-ays
Beef
Beef
Back in this day there's beef
Beef
Back in the day there was beef
Beef
That shit got to cease
Peace!
Check
What?
What?
Let's go, nigga (Where you at, Wheezy?)
You liable to catch me speedin' up the six, or beatin' up a chick
or standin' over a stove, sweatin', heatin' up a brick
And we keep the hustlin' slick, and got clips like bananas
We twist the bandanas, and spit at niggas with cannons
We ran in habitats with masks and plastic gats
Stormin' through the house, screamin', "Where's this bastard's crack?!!"
I flash the Mack in front of your gal and make her tell
Like, "Slut! Where's the yay, or I'ma pop one in your grill!"
It's Lil Wayne, nigga - blast and bang triggas
Pay with my change, then I'm gon' have to bang niggas
I bag the caine quicker, and sprinkle like rain, nigga
Flood the av quick with the quarters and halves, nigga
If you out, you can find me on the street with the work
If it's a drought, you can find me on the street with the work
Never slip - I empty half a clip deep in your shirt
And put your whole clique deep in the dirt
Smell me?
Who wan' beef with 'em?
Who wan' creep with 'em?
And when it comes down to guns, nigga, I sleep with 'em
See, we can sweep with 'em 'cause it get deep with 'em
And when it comes down to drugs, I'm on the streets with 'em
I'm the youngest Hot Boy on the field with heaters
Let my nine-millimeters kill your peoples
Bust up in your house and put the gun to lil' Renita
Give me the yay, or else I'ma put her in her sneakers
Wow (wow, wow) you can catch me in all black with no smile
Me, Turk, G'z and ouch - chicka-POW!
How come these niggaz keep burnin the world
and why the hell this nigga Weezy keep firmin your girl?
Turnin the wheel on the orange and teal, Bentley drop
Then I'ma put that up and hop in the van and hit your block
Tell your mom to get the cops cause y'all gon' need 'em
When you see them bullets that my glock pop, y'all gon' eat 'em
See this for all my niggaz in the pen, I hope for freedom
And this for all my niggaz buyin bricks, I got 'em cheaper
Keep a nigga quiet as a mouse when I come
Wayne #1 Hot Boy, hot as the sun - ya smell me?
Nasty case, nigga run up in your crib, crash the place
Blast the face, automatic attach to waist
You bastards play? Then it get awful and bad
There will be no more walkin for dad, and it's off with your head
A nigga either gon' get it right, or they get it at night
And when they spit it, lick his ass twice like 20 damn dice
Henny and ice is what I prefer but light on the rocks
I pack them clips tight on them glocks and light up your blocks
And if there's, coke involved then your throat's involved
I get the toaster and roll up and smoke most of y'all
Me and my nigga Super Sosa, run up in your crib
while your grandma watchin Oprah, jag her up and rope her
If you (?) chances slim like Ethiopia
If you want drugs, I got more flavors than Fruitopia
Recognize it's real and nuttin udder than that
Beef, what a relief
When will this poisonous product cease?
This is another public service announcement
You can believe it, or you can doubt it
Let us begin now with the cow
The way it gets to your plate and how
The cow doesn't grow fast enough for man
So through his greed he makes a faster plan
He has drugs to make the cow grow quicker
Through the stress the cow gets sicker
Twenty-one different drugs are pumped
Into the cow in one big lump
So just before it dies, it cries
In the slaughterhouse full of germs and flies
Off with the head, they pack it, drain it, and cart it
And there it is, in your local supermarket
Red and bloody, a corpse, neatly packed
And you wonder about heart attacks?
Come on now man let's be for real
You are what you eat is the way I feel
But, the Food and Drug Administration
Will tell you meat is the perfect combination
See cows live under fear and stress
Trying to think what's gonna happen next
Fear and stress can become a part of you
In your cells and blood, this is true
So when the cow is killed, believe it
You preserve those cells, you freeze it
Thaw it out with the blood and season it
Then you sit down and begin eatin it
In your body, it's structure becomes your structure
All the fear and stress of another
Any drug is addictive by any name
Even drugs in meat, they are the same
The FDA has America strung out
On drugs in beef no doubt
So if you think that what I say is a bunch of crock
Tell yourself you're gonna try and stop
Eatin meat and you'll see you can't compete
It's the number one drug on the street
Not crack, cause that was made for just black
But brown beef, for all American teeth
Life brings life and death brings death
Keep on eatin the dead and what's left
Absolute disease and negative
Read the book 'How to Eat to Live'
By Elijah Muhammad, it's a brown paperback
For anybody, either white or black
See how many cows must be pumped up fatter
How many rats gotta fall in the batter
How many chickens that eat shit you eat
How much high blood pressure you get from pig feet
See you'll consume, the FDA could care less
They'll sell you donkey meat and say it's
Ha ha ha ha ha, check out this bizarre mixture
5'9", 6 July, and Asar hits'll
leave the side of your car door with more
Smokin more holes than the Swiss cheese
Bitch please, I'm postponin yo' homie's
older moments, like I stole his future
Hoes know me, I'm no phony
Females'll tell you, "Yeah he cute, but he sho'll shoot ya!"
My heart bleeds the blood of felonies
The blood of Superman, the blood that I've never seen
You seem like the shook type
You ain't a thug so I wanna see what your brains and your blood look like
Fuck is you sick? 'Pac should be pissed
Cause fifty percent of the niggaz suckin his dick is bitch!
I'm against all this name-callin shit
Negro please! Listen to Chris Wallace bitch
What's beef? Beef is when these rappers be believin they rhymes
And a nigga like me just take it one day at a time
Beef is when you die because of your CD
When I come from your blindside, before you see ME
Beef is when I get jumped by niggaz
And come back to kill 'em, one by one
Beef is the reaper, patiently pacin outside of your pretty house
Today, you figured out, WHAT'S BEEF
Yeah.. gangsta, ain't this?
Starvin artists that comes with the guns he paint with
All you sorry street rejects
Y'all about to go up in smoke, seats ejectin
(Boom!) Houses come down
Drastic murders is happenin, make a nigga momma mouth come down
The precinct's heated - the cops is mad
because they know who shot yo' ass and they know who can beat it
Above the law, run up on y'all
so quickly and show you what only you and a slug saw
The silence is screwed in front of the .9 Ruger
Quietly shootin what'll hush y'all
I will leave you lying down in a street
Everything around you will be dyin down but the beef
Please believe - my guns'll take you punks
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- When Doves Cry
- Beef Are Gonne Rec.It
- Never Let You Go
- Rudeboys (On a Mission)
- 50/50
- Cashin' the Money
- Justified
- Elly Miss Elly
- Intrudah
- O.J.
- Bulletproof Vest
- Rich Man
- Cryin' Heart
- I & I
- Late Night Sessions
- Last Rudy Standing
- Alice (I Want You Just for Me)
- She Loves Me
- The Original
- Straight Through The Roof
- Justified
- I & I (feat. Leona)
- Intrudah
- Never Let You Go
- I Would Stay (feat. Jacqueline Govaert)
- Rich Man
- Mindset
- P's
- Make A Move
- Happy Family
- On My Own (feat. Kenny B)
- Lockdown
- Run for Cover
- Tick & Talk
- Dopa Mean Machine
- Last Rudy Standing
- Cashin' the Money
- Station to Station
- It Doesn't Matter
- Run da Dance
- The Art of Peace/'O' Sensei
- Troubled Before
- Burkina Allstars
- I'm a Believer
- High Rollah
- Ass, Gas or Grass
- Asshole Ugly
- Bathtub Gin
- Dirge
- Live Like Pigs
- Mountain Music
- Native Brook Trout
- Paper Cup
- Shamrock Shake
- Share and Share Alike
- Shovels
- Superflu
- Town Car
- Food and Weed Boy Scout
- Get Drunk and Drive Around
- Johnny Cash
- Mr. Coffee
- Nicole Kidman
- Nitrous
- Racist
- Sanford and Son
- Spavid Story
- Taming the Lyon
- Towncar
- La Lluna
- Platinum
- 07
- Fin de Año
- Isabel
- Soy un DJ
- In Liebe
- Ayer Te VI
- She Likes 'Comet Again'
- Avalon
- The Letter
- Yo Soy El Cantante
- Sevilla
- Los Estados Neutros
- Sizes
- Organismo
- La Bohème
- Are You Ready Now
- Memory Fastforward
- Elly Miss Elly
- Late Night Sessions
- Rocky
- Take It Easy
- Topsecret
- On the Road Again
- Cooldown
- 50/50
- Flexodus
- O.J.
- Beef Are Gonna Wreck It
- Rich Man
- Rudeboys
- The Chase #2
- Last Call
- Some A'them
- In My Solitude
- Trippin'
- Cryin' Heart
- Mood Is Rising
- One Step
- Lubrica
- Individual Forms and Worms
- Peatón of the Year
- King of Cha
- Apolo
- Finger Prinze
- Lighter on My Balls
- Basauri
- In the Beginning
- Falguera
- Integral
- See You in Australia
- Hair
- Cars' Song
- 1001n
- Chasehunter
- In the Sun
- Martínez
- Mech
- Rosenvinge
- Buxa Bargeld
- Yang Tse
- Country Jones Music Park
- Belmondo
- Cows!
- Gastrojungle
- Ready for Love
- Heaven Is Green
- Sweet Bavarian
- Perception vs. Me
- American Prints
- Star Chase
- Chubascos Para Silvio
- Are You Ready Now
- Memory Fastforward
- Elly Miss Elly
- Late Night Sessions
- Rocky
- Take It Easy
- Topsecret
- On the Road Again
- Cooldown
- 50/50
- Alice (I Want You Just for Me)
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Beef Plays Forza Horizon - EP42 - Victory Genitals
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 25:35
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
I love cars... I love racing... I love this game. Forza Horizon is an open-world racing game set in Colorado, USA. It is based around a fictitious festival called the Horizon Festival. More info on the game: forzamotorsport.net Channel - www.youtube.com Shirts - vintagebeef.spreadshirt.com Twitter - http Facebook - www.facebook.com Don't forget to "Like" and Subscribe!
http://wn.com/Beef_Plays_Forza_Horizon_EP42_Victory_Genitals
I love cars... I love racing... I love this game. Forza Horizon is an open-world racing game set in Colorado, USA. It is based around a fictitious festival called the Horizon Festival. More info on the game: forzamotorsport.net Channel - www.youtube.com Shirts - vintagebeef.spreadshirt.com Twitter - http Facebook - www.facebook.com Don't forget to "Like" and Subscribe!
50 Cent Talks Mayweather Beef & How It Started!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:17
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
50 Cent reveals his favorite collaboration with Eminem and talks music that hasn't been heard.
http://wn.com/50_Cent_Talks_Mayweather_Beef_How_It_Started!
50 Cent reveals his favorite collaboration with Eminem and talks music that hasn't been heard.
- published: 29 Nov 2012
- views: 531437
- author: Power106lavideos
Chris Brown Talks Beef With Drake, Jay-Z, His Extreme Fans and Gets Put On The Raft
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:37
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
Big Boy puts Chris Brown on the infamous raft. CB will have to decide who he's taking to Smash Island, Rihanna or Karrueche. Chris Brown talks whether Jay-Z wants to end his career and he breaks silence on the night club incident him and Drake had earlier this year.
http://wn.com/Chris_Brown_Talks_Beef_With_Drake,_Jay-Z,_His_Extreme_Fans_and_Gets_Put_On_The_Raft
Big Boy puts Chris Brown on the infamous raft. CB will have to decide who he's taking to Smash Island, Rihanna or Karrueche. Chris Brown talks whether Jay-Z wants to end his career and he breaks silence on the night club incident him and Drake had earlier this year.
- published: 13 Nov 2012
- views: 770310
- author: Power106lavideos
Rick Ross Addresses Beef With GD's!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:38
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
Rick Ross Speaks On Cancelling MMG Tour Dates Addresses The GDs! Ain't No Checks Gettin Cut. RickyRozay interview with Felisha Monet on 99 Jamz
http://wn.com/Rick_Ross_Addresses_Beef_With_GD's!!
Rick Ross Speaks On Cancelling MMG Tour Dates Addresses The GDs! Ain't No Checks Gettin Cut. RickyRozay interview with Felisha Monet on 99 Jamz
- published: 11 Dec 2012
- views: 80806
- author: unrbanvidz100
Beef Plays Forza Horizon - EP41 - Back On The Road!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:46
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
I love cars... I love racing... I love this game. Forza Horizon is an open-world racing game set in Colorado, USA. It is based around a fictitious festival called the Horizon Festival. More info on the game: forzamotorsport.net Channel - www.youtube.com Shirts - vintagebeef.spreadshirt.com Twitter - http Facebook - www.facebook.com Don't forget to "Like" and Subscribe!
http://wn.com/Beef_Plays_Forza_Horizon_EP41_Back_On_The_Road!
I love cars... I love racing... I love this game. Forza Horizon is an open-world racing game set in Colorado, USA. It is based around a fictitious festival called the Horizon Festival. More info on the game: forzamotorsport.net Channel - www.youtube.com Shirts - vintagebeef.spreadshirt.com Twitter - http Facebook - www.facebook.com Don't forget to "Like" and Subscribe!
- published: 19 Dec 2012
- views: 21370
- author: VintageBeef
Beef Plays Forza Horizon - EP40 - First To Worst
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 23:59
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
*** I will be away until the 17th of December. Forza will be back then. *** I love cars... I love racing... I love this game. Forza Horizon is an open-world racing game set in Colorado, USA. It is based around a fictitious festival called the Horizon Festival. More info on the game: forzamotorsport.net Channel - www.youtube.com Shirts - vintagebeef.spreadshirt.com Twitter - http Facebook - www.facebook.com Don't forget to "Like" and Subscribe!
http://wn.com/Beef_Plays_Forza_Horizon_EP40_First_To_Worst
*** I will be away until the 17th of December. Forza will be back then. *** I love cars... I love racing... I love this game. Forza Horizon is an open-world racing game set in Colorado, USA. It is based around a fictitious festival called the Horizon Festival. More info on the game: forzamotorsport.net Channel - www.youtube.com Shirts - vintagebeef.spreadshirt.com Twitter - http Facebook - www.facebook.com Don't forget to "Like" and Subscribe!
- published: 08 Dec 2012
- views: 31414
- author: VintageBeef
Beef Plays Forza Horizon - EP43 - Called It
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:42
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
I love cars... I love racing... I love this game. Forza Horizon is an open-world racing game set in Colorado, USA. It is based around a fictitious festival called the Horizon Festival. More info on the game: forzamotorsport.net Channel - www.youtube.com Shirts - vintagebeef.spreadshirt.com Twitter - http Facebook - www.facebook.com Don't forget to "Like" and Subscribe!
http://wn.com/Beef_Plays_Forza_Horizon_EP43_Called_It
I love cars... I love racing... I love this game. Forza Horizon is an open-world racing game set in Colorado, USA. It is based around a fictitious festival called the Horizon Festival. More info on the game: forzamotorsport.net Channel - www.youtube.com Shirts - vintagebeef.spreadshirt.com Twitter - http Facebook - www.facebook.com Don't forget to "Like" and Subscribe!
- published: 21 Dec 2012
- views: 17096
- author: VintageBeef
Beef Plays Forza Horizon - EP35 - Audis... Audis Everywhere
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:55
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
I love cars... I love racing... I love this game. Forza Horizon is an open-world racing game set in Colorado, USA. It is based around a fictitious festival called the Horizon Festival. More info on the game: forzamotorsport.net Channel - www.youtube.com Shirts - vintagebeef.spreadshirt.com Twitter - http Facebook - www.facebook.com Don't forget to "Like" and Subscribe!
http://wn.com/Beef_Plays_Forza_Horizon_EP35_Audis_Audis_Everywhere
I love cars... I love racing... I love this game. Forza Horizon is an open-world racing game set in Colorado, USA. It is based around a fictitious festival called the Horizon Festival. More info on the game: forzamotorsport.net Channel - www.youtube.com Shirts - vintagebeef.spreadshirt.com Twitter - http Facebook - www.facebook.com Don't forget to "Like" and Subscribe!
- published: 02 Dec 2012
- views: 24321
- author: VintageBeef
Minecraft MineZ - EP90 - ItchySax
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 21:03
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
We are back with some more MineZ! Know where we are by using this: minezmap.com Baj's channel: www.youtube.com Guude's channel: www.youtube.com Pause's channel: www.youtube.com MineZ is a new mod (still in development) that takes it's cue from the DayZ mod for Arma II. There are still a few kinks to be worked out but lots of fun to be had! More info on the mod: www.minez.net Don't forget to "Like" and Subscribe! Shirts: vintagebeef.spreadshirt.com Twitter www.twitter.com Facebook: www.facebook.com TwitchTV: www.twitch.tv
http://wn.com/Minecraft_MineZ_EP90_ItchySax
We are back with some more MineZ! Know where we are by using this: minezmap.com Baj's channel: www.youtube.com Guude's channel: www.youtube.com Pause's channel: www.youtube.com MineZ is a new mod (still in development) that takes it's cue from the DayZ mod for Arma II. There are still a few kinks to be worked out but lots of fun to be had! More info on the mod: www.minez.net Don't forget to "Like" and Subscribe! Shirts: vintagebeef.spreadshirt.com Twitter www.twitter.com Facebook: www.facebook.com TwitchTV: www.twitch.tv
- published: 10 Dec 2012
- views: 19895
- author: VintageBeef
tweak the beef
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:52
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
If you ain't having fun, then what the hell are you doing? Enjoi these next 18 minutes. They may be your last...
http://wn.com/tweak_the_beef
If you ain't having fun, then what the hell are you doing? Enjoi these next 18 minutes. They may be your last...
- published: 17 Dec 2012
- views: 70047
- author: ThrasherMagazine
Beef & Pause - Forever Together - Episode 5
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 30:06
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
Download the map here: www.minecraftforum.net Get Minecraft here: minecraft.net ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- My Channel www.youtube.com Watch Me Live: twitch.tv My Facebook: facebook.com My Twitter: twitter.com My Tumblr: pauseunpause.tumblr.com Donate: bit.ly ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Beefs channel: youtube.com And of course, if you enjoyed the video, don't forget to like, favorite and subscribe!
http://wn.com/Beef_Pause_Forever_Together_Episode_5
Download the map here: www.minecraftforum.net Get Minecraft here: minecraft.net ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- My Channel www.youtube.com Watch Me Live: twitch.tv My Facebook: facebook.com My Twitter: twitter.com My Tumblr: pauseunpause.tumblr.com Donate: bit.ly ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Beefs channel: youtube.com And of course, if you enjoyed the video, don't forget to like, favorite and subscribe!
- published: 11 Jul 2012
- views: 89010
- author: PauseUnpause
Beef Plays Forza Horizon - EP44 - Lime Green Machine
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:32
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
I love cars... I love racing... I love this game. Forza Horizon is an open-world racing game set in Colorado, USA. It is based around a fictitious festival called the Horizon Festival. More info on the game: forzamotorsport.net Channel - www.youtube.com Shirts - vintagebeef.spreadshirt.com Twitter - http Facebook - www.facebook.com Don't forget to "Like" and Subscribe!
http://wn.com/Beef_Plays_Forza_Horizon_EP44_Lime_Green_Machine
I love cars... I love racing... I love this game. Forza Horizon is an open-world racing game set in Colorado, USA. It is based around a fictitious festival called the Horizon Festival. More info on the game: forzamotorsport.net Channel - www.youtube.com Shirts - vintagebeef.spreadshirt.com Twitter - http Facebook - www.facebook.com Don't forget to "Like" and Subscribe!
- published: 22 Dec 2012
- views: 10970
- author: VintageBeef
Teilnahme: MINECRAFT BEEF 17 - Zombey Vs. TheWolverous
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:29
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
Hier zu Fr3akys Part: www.youtube.com ~ Alles andere bei Ihm in der Beschreibung. :D Texturepack: bdcraft.net
http://wn.com/Teilnahme_MINECRAFT_BEEF_17_Zombey_Vs_TheWolverous
Hier zu Fr3akys Part: www.youtube.com ~ Alles andere bei Ihm in der Beschreibung. :D Texturepack: bdcraft.net
- published: 11 Dec 2012
- views: 46909
- author: Zombey
Beef industry putting the consumer at risk
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:27
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
According to a study conducted by The Kansas City Star, the beef industry uses a meat tenderizing technology that may cause more Americans to be diagnosed with E. coli poisoning. Alexis Baden-Mayer of the Organic Consumers Association explains why beef producers are risking the health of the consumers. RT America LIVE rt.com Subscribe to RT America! www.youtube.com Like us on Facebook www.facebook.com Follow us on Twitter twitter.com
http://wn.com/Beef_industry_putting_the_consumer_at_risk
According to a study conducted by The Kansas City Star, the beef industry uses a meat tenderizing technology that may cause more Americans to be diagnosed with E. coli poisoning. Alexis Baden-Mayer of the Organic Consumers Association explains why beef producers are risking the health of the consumers. RT America LIVE rt.com Subscribe to RT America! www.youtube.com Like us on Facebook www.facebook.com Follow us on Twitter twitter.com
- published: 19 Dec 2012
- views: 4157
- author: RTAmerica
Beef Plays Minecraft - Mindcrack Server - S2 EP01 - A Whole New World!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:28
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
Follow me on Twitter: @VintageBeefLP This is my Minecraft Multiplayer Let's Play from the Mindcrack Server. In between getting pwned by monsters, I will be doing lots of exploring, cave diving, building and mining. I hope you enjoy the videos! Intro/Outro music: "El Magicia" and "New Friendly" by Kevin MacLeod - www.Incompetech.com Don't forget to "Like" and Subscribe!
http://wn.com/Beef_Plays_Minecraft_Mindcrack_Server_S2_EP01_A_Whole_New_World!
Follow me on Twitter: @VintageBeefLP This is my Minecraft Multiplayer Let's Play from the Mindcrack Server. In between getting pwned by monsters, I will be doing lots of exploring, cave diving, building and mining. I hope you enjoy the videos! Intro/Outro music: "El Magicia" and "New Friendly" by Kevin MacLeod - www.Incompetech.com Don't forget to "Like" and Subscribe!
- published: 16 Sep 2011
- views: 183240
- author: VintageBeef
Beef Plays Forza Horizon - EP29 - Diamond In The Ruf
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 23:09
- Updated: 21 Dec 2012
I love cars... I love racing... I love this game. Forza Horizon is an open-world racing game set in Colorado, USA. It is based around a fictitious festival called the Horizon Festival. More info on the game: forzamotorsport.net Channel - www.youtube.com Shirts - vintagebeef.spreadshirt.com Twitter - http Facebook - www.facebook.com Don't forget to "Like" and Subscribe!
http://wn.com/Beef_Plays_Forza_Horizon_EP29_Diamond_In_The_Ruf
I love cars... I love racing... I love this game. Forza Horizon is an open-world racing game set in Colorado, USA. It is based around a fictitious festival called the Horizon Festival. More info on the game: forzamotorsport.net Channel - www.youtube.com Shirts - vintagebeef.spreadshirt.com Twitter - http Facebook - www.facebook.com Don't forget to "Like" and Subscribe!
- published: 26 Nov 2012
- views: 29438
- author: VintageBeef
Beef Steak Marinade recipe by the BBQ Pit Boys
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:26
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
The tougher cuts of beef steaks are easily tenderized by using a simple steak marinade. For some good eating, check out this classic BBQ Pit Boys beef marinade the next time you fire up your Pit. PLEASE NOTE: This is from our Pit Boys recipe archives. There's no need to adjust your TV set. You can print out this recipe and 100's more on our Website, www.BBQPitBoys.com
http://wn.com/Beef_Steak_Marinade_recipe_by_the_BBQ_Pit_Boys
The tougher cuts of beef steaks are easily tenderized by using a simple steak marinade. For some good eating, check out this classic BBQ Pit Boys beef marinade the next time you fire up your Pit. PLEASE NOTE: This is from our Pit Boys recipe archives. There's no need to adjust your TV set. You can print out this recipe and 100's more on our Website, www.BBQPitBoys.com
- published: 17 Dec 2012
- views: 12119
- author: BarbecueWeb
Beef Recipe - Chuck Steak
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:09
- Updated: 17 Dec 2012
Rebecca Brand shows how to make an inexpensive cut of beef into a super tender flavorful dinner. Rebecca calls this dish "Mock Filet Mignon" because it's as tender as filet, yet tastier than rib eye. Her favorite super simple marinade and tenderizing techniques are Rebecca's trick. Subscribe www.youtube.com Like Us On Facebook www.facebook.com Rebecca Brand at RecipeHouseTV.com
http://wn.com/Beef_Recipe_Chuck_Steak
Rebecca Brand shows how to make an inexpensive cut of beef into a super tender flavorful dinner. Rebecca calls this dish "Mock Filet Mignon" because it's as tender as filet, yet tastier than rib eye. Her favorite super simple marinade and tenderizing techniques are Rebecca's trick. Subscribe www.youtube.com Like Us On Facebook www.facebook.com Rebecca Brand at RecipeHouseTV.com
- published: 17 Aug 2012
- views: 8275
- author: RebeccaBrandRecipes
![Afrojack & Steve Aoki ft Miss Palmer - No Beef (Official Music Video) [HD]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121222190331im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/LWlmVW3xWM4/default.jpg "Afrojack & Steve Aoki ft Miss Palmer - No Beef (Official Music Video) [HD]")
Afrojack & Steve Aoki ft Miss Palmer - No Beef (Official Music Video) [HD]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:34
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
Subscribe to Spinnin' TV : bit.ly Spotify: bit.ly G+ : www.google.com Facebook: facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com Cameos by Lil Jon, Flo Rida, Chuck Liddell, Holly Madison, Antonio Esfendiari, Phil Laak the Unabomber, The Grinder Mizrachi, Dan Fleyshman, Jesse Waits, Las Vegas, XS Night CLub, Encore Beach Club, Insert Coin(s) LV More Info: www.afrojack.com | www.steveaoki.com Released by Wall / Dim Mak Directed By Punit Dhesi Produced by Nima and Kam
http://wn.com/Afrojack_Steve_Aoki_ft_Miss_Palmer_No_Beef_Official_Music_Video_HD_
Subscribe to Spinnin' TV : bit.ly Spotify: bit.ly G+ : www.google.com Facebook: facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com Cameos by Lil Jon, Flo Rida, Chuck Liddell, Holly Madison, Antonio Esfendiari, Phil Laak the Unabomber, The Grinder Mizrachi, Dan Fleyshman, Jesse Waits, Las Vegas, XS Night CLub, Encore Beach Club, Insert Coin(s) LV More Info: www.afrojack.com | www.steveaoki.com Released by Wall / Dim Mak Directed By Punit Dhesi Produced by Nima and Kam
- published: 10 Aug 2011
- views: 8700062
- author: SpinninRec
Roast Beef Chuck Smoke recipe by the BBQ Pit Boys
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:55
- Updated: 21 Dec 2012
Wish ya had some Prime Rib? Forget the expensive cuts.Try this tender as a Rib Roast, but with all that Chuck Roast flavor, Roast Beef recipe by the BBQ Pit Boys. And it's real easy to do on your smoker or grill, as shown by the BBQ Pit Boys. You can print out this bbq recipe and 100's more at our Website www.bbqpitboys.com
http://wn.com/Roast_Beef_Chuck_Smoke_recipe_by_the_BBQ_Pit_Boys
Wish ya had some Prime Rib? Forget the expensive cuts.Try this tender as a Rib Roast, but with all that Chuck Roast flavor, Roast Beef recipe by the BBQ Pit Boys. And it's real easy to do on your smoker or grill, as shown by the BBQ Pit Boys. You can print out this bbq recipe and 100's more at our Website www.bbqpitboys.com
- published: 16 Apr 2012
- views: 48595
- author: BarbecueWeb
Beer and Beef Stew
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:34
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
Learn how to make Beer and Beef Stew with this easy video recipe! Get the full instructions and printable recipe card at hilahcooking.com HILAH COOKING: New Episodes Every Tuesday and Thursday. - - - - - - - - - - - Subscribe on YouTube (never miss a video!) www.youtube.com Facebook: facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com Check out over 170 video recipes at hilahcooking.com - - - - - - - - - - - Hilah Cooking is a short-form, educational web series focused on making cooking FUN! We release two episodes every week. Our focus is on simple, low-cost recipes with a Texas flair. Everything is made from scratch, people! You will not see any packets of taco seasoning mix or gravy powder up in here. If you are going to learn how to cook, you are going to learn it for real! But I promise it will be fun and easy.
http://wn.com/Beer_and_Beef_Stew
Learn how to make Beer and Beef Stew with this easy video recipe! Get the full instructions and printable recipe card at hilahcooking.com HILAH COOKING: New Episodes Every Tuesday and Thursday. - - - - - - - - - - - Subscribe on YouTube (never miss a video!) www.youtube.com Facebook: facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com Check out over 170 video recipes at hilahcooking.com - - - - - - - - - - - Hilah Cooking is a short-form, educational web series focused on making cooking FUN! We release two episodes every week. Our focus is on simple, low-cost recipes with a Texas flair. Everything is made from scratch, people! You will not see any packets of taco seasoning mix or gravy powder up in here. If you are going to learn how to cook, you are going to learn it for real! But I promise it will be fun and easy.
- published: 27 Nov 2012
- views: 6679
- author: hilahcooking
Beef - I Would Stay
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:36
- Updated: 14 Dec 2012
Beef's music video of Krezip's classic tune "I Would Stay" made by the creative agency Unc Inc, made entirely with webcams.
http://wn.com/Beef_I_Would_Stay
Beef's music video of Krezip's classic tune "I Would Stay" made by the creative agency Unc Inc, made entirely with webcams.
- published: 17 Jul 2007
- views: 319148
- author: radelangen
Afrojack and Steve Aoki featuring Miss Palmer - No Beef (Official Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:32
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
Buy the single here: goo.gl Afrojack and Steve Aoki featuring Miss Palmer - No Beef (Official Video) from Ultra Music Ultra Music is one step ahead in the world of dance music and is a leading independent electronic label. Ultra's current roster includes North American artists deadmau5, Wolfgang Gartner, Kaskade, Roger Sanchez, Markus Schulz, Tommie Sunshine, David Morales, Sharam, Cedric Gervais, and international artists Tiësto, Above & Beyond, Benny Benassi, Ferry Corsten, Armin van Buuren, Alex Gaudino, Kraak & Smaak, Morcheeba, Congorock, Adrian Lux, GRUM, Unicorn Kid, Fedde le Grand, and others. Ultra has featured releases from the aforementioned artists and many others such as Paul van Dyk, Paul Oakenfold, The Crystal Method, Timo Maas, Sasha & John Digweed, 4 Strings, Panjabi MC, Despina Vandi, Junkie XL and DJ Antoine. Ultra Music Online: www.ultramusic.com http www.youtube.com www.youtube.com www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Afrojack_and_Steve_Aoki_featuring_Miss_Palmer_No_Beef_Official_Video
Buy the single here: goo.gl Afrojack and Steve Aoki featuring Miss Palmer - No Beef (Official Video) from Ultra Music Ultra Music is one step ahead in the world of dance music and is a leading independent electronic label. Ultra's current roster includes North American artists deadmau5, Wolfgang Gartner, Kaskade, Roger Sanchez, Markus Schulz, Tommie Sunshine, David Morales, Sharam, Cedric Gervais, and international artists Tiësto, Above & Beyond, Benny Benassi, Ferry Corsten, Armin van Buuren, Alex Gaudino, Kraak & Smaak, Morcheeba, Congorock, Adrian Lux, GRUM, Unicorn Kid, Fedde le Grand, and others. Ultra has featured releases from the aforementioned artists and many others such as Paul van Dyk, Paul Oakenfold, The Crystal Method, Timo Maas, Sasha & John Digweed, 4 Strings, Panjabi MC, Despina Vandi, Junkie XL and DJ Antoine. Ultra Music Online: www.ultramusic.com http www.youtube.com www.youtube.com www.facebook.com
- published: 16 Aug 2011
- views: 15050484
- author: UltraRecords
photo: AP / Fahd al-Bakoush
20 Dec 2012
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Three senior U.S. State Department officials were asked to resign after an official inquiry harshly criticized their offices for failing to provide adequate security at the U.S. mission in Benghazi, Libya, before it came under attack in September, a U.S. official said on Wednesday ... State Department officials declined to comment on the matter, saying it was a personnel issue ... Joint Chiefs of Staff ... facilities....(size: 5.4Kb)
photo: AP / Carolyn Kaster
20 Dec 2012
Obama held a White House news conference on Wednesday to announce that Vice President Joe Biden will lead an interagency effort to craft new gun policies. The group is expected to offer its proposals in January. “We know this is a complex issue that stirs deeply held passions and political divides,” Obama said. “But the fact that this problem is complex can no longer be an excuse for doing nothing.” ... WAKE-UP CALL ... ....(size: 6.1Kb)
photo: AP / Alfred de Montesquiou
21 Dec 2012
UNITED NATIONS -- The U.N. Security Council on Thursday authorized military action to wrest northern Mali from the control of al-Qaida-linked extremists, but it demanded progress first on political reconciliation, elections and training African troops and police ... Instead, it set out benchmarks to be met before the start of offensive operations, starting with progress on a political roadmap to restore constitutional order ... U.N ... On Nov ... ....(size: 3.1Kb)
photo: AP / Ahn Young-joon
20 Dec 2012
SEOUL, South Korea — Park Geun-hye's election as South Korea's first female president could mean a new drive to start talks with bitter rival North Korea, though it's unclear how much further she will go than the hard-line incumbent, a member of her own conservative party ... On Thursday, Park mentioned the North Korean rocket launch during a nationally televised speech ... Ties between the Koreas plummeted during Lee's term ... ....(size: 4.5Kb)
photo: AP / Jacquelyn Martin
21 Dec 2012
Republicans in the House of Representatives, confronted with a revolt among the party’s rank and file, abandoned a vote Thursday night on politically-charged but symbolic legislation aimed at averting a fast-approaching 'fiscal cliff,' after failing to gather enough support for a measure meant to strengthen the party’s position ahead of final negotiations with President Barack Obama ... . ....(size: 5.9Kb)
Ohio
22 Dec 2012
Beef ‘O’ Brady’s Bowl ... Blake Bortles threw for three touchdowns and ran for another to lead Central Florida to a 38-17 victory over Ball State in the Beef ‘O’ Brady’s Bowl in Tampa on Friday night ... Bortles completed 22-of-33 passes without an interception, and his three touchdown passes were a career-best and tied the Beef ‘O’ Brady’s Bowl record ... ....(size: 2.0Kb)
Denver Post
22 Dec 2012
Ball State wide receiver Willie Snead (3) celebrates with teammates, including guard Kitt O'Brien (79) and center Dan Manick (73), after scoring a touchdown against Central Florida during the second quarter of the Beef 'O' Brady's Bowl NCAA college football game Friday, Dec....(size: 1.6Kb)
Star Telegram
22 Dec 2012
-- Blake Bortles threw for three touchdowns and ran for a fourth to lead Central Florida to a 38-17 rout of Ball State in the Beef 'O' Brady's Bowl on Friday night ... and his three TD passes were a career-best and tied the Beef 'O' Brady's Bowl record....(size: 1.3Kb)
San Francisco Chronicle
22 Dec 2012
Blake Bortles threw for three touchdowns and ran for another to lead Central Florida to a 38-17 victory over Ball State in the Beef 'O' Brady's Bowl on Friday night ... and his three TD passes were a career best and tied the Beef 'O' Brady's Bowl record....(size: 1.3Kb)
The Florida Times Union
22 Dec 2012
Associated Press. ST. PETERSBURG — Blake Bortles threw for three touchdowns and ran for another to lead Central Florida to a 38-17 victory over Ball State in the Beef ‘O’ Brady’s Bowl on Friday night ... Bortles completed 22-of-33 passes without an interception, and his three TD passes were a career-best and tied the Beef ‘O’ Brady’s Bowl record ... ....(size: 1.6Kb)
The New York Times
22 Dec 2012
Blake Bortles threw three touchdown passes and ran for another score to lead Central Florida to a 38-17 victory over Ball State in the Beef ‘O’ Brady’s Bowl in St. Petersburg, Fla ... Central Florida is moving to the Big East ... Central Florida Rolls ... College Athletics. campaign. abTest_previousNext -- 192743, creative ... www.nytimes.com/yr/mo/day/sports/ncaafootball/central-florida-rolls-in-beef-o-bradys-bowl.html, targetedPage....(size: 5.3Kb)
Tulsa World
22 Dec 2012
ST. PETERSBURG, Fla. - Blake Bortles threw for three touchdowns and ran for another to lead Central Florida to a 38-17 victory over Ball State in the Beef 'O' Brady's Bowl on Friday night ... He also led the Knights in rushing with a career-best 80 yards on nine carries ... Bortles completed 22-of-33 passes without an interception, and his three TD passes were a career-best and tied the Beef 'O' Brady's Bowl record ... Beef 'O' Brady's Bowl ... ....(size: 3.7Kb)
The Examiner
22 Dec 2012
Tweet. 0 Email. Report. Photo 1 of 20 ... Main BarAutographed JerseysSports News TickerFootball NeonAlmost 30 Beer TapsChalk TalkHome Team SupportParty Room (1)Clean and NewParty Room (2)OverviewGaming RoomX-Box set upController StationCool Game Room Full OnSide Group AreaInside A Great Place!Beef O' Brady'sOutside Displays of Events and SpecialsMore >You might also like ... 2 ... more.. Beef O' Brady's at Happy Hour. ... ....(size: 4.3Kb)
The Examiner
22 Dec 2012
Blake Bortles threw three touchdown passes, two to Latavius Murray as the UCF Knights rolled over Ball State 38-17 in the Beef O’Brady’s Bowl Friday night at Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg, FL ... The extra point was blocked. UCF led 13-0 after the first quarter ... A two-point conversion gave the Knights a 21-7 margin. 2012 Beef O'Brady's Bowl Post Game Report2012 Beef O'Brady's Bowl Post Game Report ... Bowl Bits ... ....(size: 3.1Kb)
The Associated Press
22 Dec 2012
(AP) -- Blake Bortles threw for three touchdowns and ran for a fourth to lead Central Florida to a 38-17 rout of Ball State in the Beef `O' Brady's Bowl on ......(size: 0.8Kb)
Star Tribune
22 Dec 2012
- Blake Bortles threw for three touchdowns and ran for a fourth to lead Central Florida to a 38-17 rout of Ball State in the Beef `O' Brady's Bowl on Friday night ......(size: 0.9Kb)
Sacramento Bee
22 Dec 2012
-- Blake Bortles threw for three touchdowns and ran for a fourth to lead Central Florida to a 38-17 rout of Ball State in the Beef 'O' Brady's Bowl on Friday ......(size: 0.8Kb)
TSN Canada
22 Dec 2012
-- Blake Bortles threw for three touchdowns and ran for a fourth to lead Central Florida to a 38-17 rout of Ball State in the Beef 'O' Brady's Bowl on ......(size: 0.8Kb)
For other uses, see Beef (disambiguation).
Beef is the culinary name for meat from bovines, especially domestic cattle. Beef can be harvested from cows, bulls, heifers or steers. It is one of the principal meats used in the cuisine of the Middle East (including Pakistan and Afghanistan), Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Europe and North America, and is also important in Africa, parts of East Asia, and Southeast Asia. Beef is considered a taboo food in some cultures, especially in Indian culture, and thence is eschewed by Hindus and Jains; However, Hinduism's scriptures indicate a recorded history of beef consumption, with the taboo arising at a later period due to the ascendancy of the cow in terms of importance to the farming communities of the time.[1] it is also discouraged among some Buddhists.
Beef muscle meat can be cut into steak, roasts or short ribs. Some cuts are processed (corned beef or beef jerky), and trimmings, usually mixed with meat from older, leaner cattle, are ground, minced or used in sausages. The blood is used in some varieties of blood sausage. Other parts that are eaten include the oxtail, tongue, tripe from the reticulum or rumen, glands (particularly the pancreas and thymus, referred to as sweetbread), the heart, the brain (although forbidden where there is a danger of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE), the liver, the kidneys, and the tender testicles of the bull (known in the US as calf fries, prairie oysters, or Rocky Mountain oysters). Some intestines are cooked and eaten as-is, but are more often cleaned and used as natural sausage casings. The lungs and the udder are considered unfit for human consumption in the US. The bones are used for making beef stock.
Beef from steers and heifers is equivalent, except for steers having slightly less fat and more muscle, all treatments being equal. Depending on economics, the number of heifers kept for breeding varies. Older animals are used for beef when they are past their reproductive prime. The meat from older cows and bulls is usually tougher, so it is frequently used for mince (UK)/ground beef (US). Cattle raised for beef may be allowed to roam free on grasslands, or may be confined at some stage in pens as part of a large feeding operation called a feedlot (or concentrated animal feeding operation), where they are usually fed a ration of grain, protein, roughage and a vitamin/mineral preblend.
Beef is the third most widely consumed meat in the world, accounting for about 25% of meat production worldwide, after pork and poultry at 38% and 30% respectively.[2] In absolute numbers, the United States, Brazil, and the People's Republic of China are the world's three largest consumers of beef. On a per capita basis in 2009, Argentines ate the most beef at 64.6 kg per person; people in the US ate 40.2 kg, while those in the EU ate 16.9 kg.[3]
The world's largest exporters of beef are Brazil, Australia, and the United States. Beef production is also important to the economies of Paraguay, Argentina, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Russia, and Uruguay.
Contents |
History[link]
The flesh of bovines has been eaten by hunters from prehistoric times; some of the earliest known cave paintings, such as those of Lascaux show aurochs in hunting scenes. Domestication of cattle occurred around 8000 BC, providing ready access to beef, milk and leather.[4] Most cattle originated in the Old World, with the exception of bison hybrids. Examples include the Wagyū from Japan, Ankole-Watusi from Egypt, and longhorn Zebu from the Indian subcontinent.[5] It is unknown when exactly cooking beef came into being. Cattle were widely used across the Old World for draft animals (oxen), milk production, or specifically for meat production, depending on local needs and resources. With mechanization of farming, some breeds were specifically bred to increase meat yield, like Chianina and Charolais or to improve texture, such as the Murray Grey, Angus or Wagyū. Some breeds (dual-purpose) have been selected for both meat and milk production, e.g. Brown Swiss (Braunvieh).
Etymology[link]
The word beef is from the Latin bōs, in contrast to cow, which is from Middle English "cou" (both words have the same Indo-European root *gʷou-)[6]. After the Norman Conquest, the French-speaking nobles who ruled England naturally used French words to refer to the meats they were served. Thus various Anglo-Saxon words were used for the animal (such as nēat, or cu for adult females) by the peasants, but the meat was called boef (ox) (Modern French boeuf) by the French nobles —who did not often deal with the live animal— when it was served to them.
This is one example of the common English dichotomy between the words for animals (with largely Germanic origins) and their meat (with Romanic origins) that is also found in such English word-pairs as pig/pork, sheep/mutton and chicken/poultry.[7]
Beef is cognate with bovine through the Late Latin bovīnus.[8]
Cuts[link]
Beef is first divided into primal cuts. These are basic sections from which steaks and other subdivisions are cut. Since the animal's legs and neck muscles do the most work, they are the toughest; the meat becomes more tender as distance from hoof and horn increases. Different countries and cuisines have different cuts and names, and sometimes use the same name for a different cut.
The American cultural anthropologist Margaret Mead wrote in the American Anthropological Journal of the American Anthropological Association, "cultures that divide and cut beef specifically to consume are the Koreans and the Bodi tribe in East Africa. The French and English make 35 differentiations to the beef cuts, 51 cuts for the Bodi tribe, while the Koreans differentiate beef cuts into a staggering 120 different parts."
See the external links section below for links to more beef cut charts and diagrams.
American primal cuts[link]
The following is a list of the American primal cuts. Beef carcasses are split along the axis of symmetry into "halves", then across into front and back "quarters" (forequarters and hindquarters). Canada uses identical cut names (and numbering) as the U.S. system, except the part designated as "round" is known as "hip" in the Canadian system.[9]
Forequarter cuts[link]
- The chuck is the source of bone-in chuck steaks and roasts (arm or blade), and boneless clod steaks and roasts, most commonly. The trimmings and some whole boneless chucks are ground for hamburgers.
- The rib contains part of the short ribs, the prime rib and rib eye steaks.
- In Asia, brisket is used primarily for stews (e.g., five-spice beef, curry beef brisket;) while Westerners tend to use it for barbecue, corned beef or pastrami.
- The foreshank or shank is used primarily for stews and soups; it is not usually served any other way due to it being the toughest of the cuts.
- The plate is the other source of short ribs, used for pot roasting, and the outside skirt steak, which is used for fajitas. The remainder is usually ground, as it is typically a cheap, tough, and fatty meat.
Hindquarter cuts[link]
- The loin has two subprimals, or three if boneless:
- the short loin, from which the T-bone and Porterhouse steaks are cut if bone-in, or strip steak (New York Strip if served without the bone in, and Kansas City strip if bone in.)
- the sirloin, which is less tender than short loin, but more flavorful, can be further divided into top sirloin and bottom sirloin (including tri-tip), and
- the tenderloin, which is the most tender can be removed as a separate subprimal, and cut into filet mignons, tournedos or tenderloin steaks, and roasts (such as for beef Wellington). They can also be cut bone-in to make parts of the T-bone and Porterhouse loin steaks.
- The round contains lean, moderately tough, lower fat (less marbling) cuts, which require moist cooking or lesser degrees of doneness. Some representative cuts are round steak, eye of round, top round and bottom round steaks and roasts.
- The flank is used mostly for grinding, except for the long and flat flank steak, best known for use in London broil, and the inside skirt steak, also used for fajitas. Flank steaks were once one of the most affordable steaks, because they are substantially tougher than the more desirable loin and rib steaks. Many recipes for flank steak use marinades or moist cooking methods, such as braising, to improve the tenderness and flavor. This, in turn, increased the steaks' popularity; when combined with natural leanness, increased prices have resulted.
Argentinian primal cuts[link]
- Asado: the large section of the rib cage including short ribs and spare ribs
- Asado De Tira: often translated as short ribs, but also sold as long, thin strips of ribs. Chuck ribs, flanken style (cross-cut).
- Bife de Costilla: T-bone or porterhouse steaks
- Bife de Chorizo: strip loin steaks
- Bola de Lomo: knuckle or sirloin tip
- Chinchulin: upper portion of small intestines
- Colita de Cuadril: tri-tip, or the tail of the rump roast
- Cuadril: rump
- Entraña: skirt steak
- Falda: naval
- Lomo: tenderloin
- Matambre: a long thin cut that lies just under the skin and runs from the lower part of the ribs to belly–or flank area
- Mollejas: sweetbreads (thymus gland)
- Pecho: brisket
- Riñones – kidneys
- Tapa de Asado – rib cap
- Tapa de Nalga – top of round roast
- Vacío – flank, though it may contain the muscles of other near cuts
Brazilian primal cuts[link]
File:Beef cuts in Brazil.png
Brazil cuts of beef.
- Oxtail
- Eye of the Round
- Outside Round
- Top Inside
- Shank
- Knuckle
- Tenderloin
- Rump Steak
- Sirloin
- Tenderloin
- Skirt of Tenderloin
- Bottom Sirloin
- Short Ribs
- Prime Rib
- Chuck
- Shoulder
- Breast
- Neck
- Rib Eye Steak
- Tri-Tip
- Rump
UK primal cuts[link]
- Necks & clod
- Chuck & blades
- Silver loin
- Rump
- Silverside
- Topside
- Thick rib
- Thin rib
- Brisket
- Shin and leg
- Flank
- Thick flank
- Feather blade[10]
Dutch primal cuts[link]
- Neck
- Rib
- Sirloin
- Tenderloin – Considered to be the premium cut, highly prized. It is called 'ossenhaas' in Dutch, meaning 'oxen hare', it tends to be slightly smaller than its American counterpart.
- Top sirloin
- Round – Mainly used for kogelbiefstuk ('hip joint steak') considered to be the basic form of steak in Dutch and Belgian cuisine.
- Flank
- Chuck – Best cuts are used for stoofvlees, lesser bits are used in hachee.
- Brisket
- Shankle
Other Dutch cuts (not primals)[link]
- Tongue is considered the cheapest piece of beef; it is used in certain styles of sausages such as the frikandel, though not as the main ingredient.
- Tail, though not on the image shown, is used extensively in stews.
Special beef designations[link]
- Certified Angus Beef (CAB) is a specification-based, branded-beef program which was founded in 1978 by Angus cattle producers to increase demand for their breed of cattle, by promoting the impression that Angus cattle have consistent, high-quality beef with superior taste. The brand is owned by the American Angus Association and its 35,000 rancher members. The terms Angus Beef or Black Angus Beef are loosely and commonly misused and/or confused with CAB; this is especially common in the foodservice industry. The brand or name Certified Angus Beef cannot be legally used by an establishment that is not licensed to do so. Known as Aberdeen Angus beef in the UK, and marketed there as higher quality and associated with stricter animal welfare rules. Notable for the herd being free of BSE during the BSE epidemic in the UK.
- Certified Hereford Beef is beef certified to have come from Hereford cattle.
- Grass-fed beef cattle have been raised exclusively on forage. Grain-fed beef cattle are raised primarily on forage, but are "finished" in a feedlot.
- Kobe beef is from cattle of the Wagyū breed, raised and fattened in the hills above Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. During the fattening period, the cattle are hand-fed (using high-energy feed, including beer and beer mash) for tenderness and high fat content, and hand-massaged to reduce stress.
- Halal beef has been certified to have been processed in a prescribed manner in accordance with Muslim dietary laws.
- Kosher beef has been certified to have been processed in a prescribed manner in accordance with Jewish dietary laws.
- Organic beef is produced without added hormones, pesticides, or other chemicals, though requirements for labeling it organic vary widely.
- The
European Union recognises the following Protected Designation of Origin beef brands:[11]
-
Spain – Carne de Ávila, Carne de Cantabria, Carne de la Sierra de Guadarrama, Carne de Morucha de Salamanca, Carne de Vacuno del País o Euskal Okela, Ternera Galega
France – Taureau de Camargue, Boeuf charolais du Bourbonnais, Boeuf de Chalosse, Boeuf du Maine
Portugal – Carne Alentejana, Carne Arouquesa, Carne Barrosã, Carne Cachena da Peneda, Carne da Charneca, Carne de Bovino Cruzado dos Lameiros do Barroso, Carne dos Açores, Carne Marinhoa, Carne Maronesa, Carne Mertolenga, Carne Mirandesa
United Kingdom – Orkney Beef, Scotch Beef, Welsh Beef
Belgium – Belgian Blue
USDA beef grades[link]
In the United States, the USDA Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) operates a voluntary beef grading program. The meat processor pays for a trained AMS meat grader to grade whole carcasses at the abattoir. Users are required to comply with Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) grade labeling procedures. The official USDA grade designation can appear in one or any combination of the following ways: container markings, individual bags, legible roller brand appearing on the meat itself, or by a USDA shield stamp that incorporates the quality and/or yield grade.
There are eight beef quality grades. The grades are based on two main criteria: the degree of marbling (intramuscular fat) in the beef, and the maturity (estimated age of the animal at slaughter). Some meat scientists[who?] object to the current scheme of USDA grading since it is not based on direct measurement of tenderness, although marbling and maturity are indicators of tenderness. Most other countries' beef grading systems mirror the US model. Most beef offered for sale in supermarkets is graded US Choice or Select. US Prime beef is sold to hotels and upscale restaurants, and usually marketed as such. Beef that would rate as US Standard or less is almost never offered for grading.
- U.S. Prime – Highest in quality and intramuscular fat, limited supply. Currently, about 2.9% of carcasses grade as Prime.[12]
- U.S. Choice – High quality, widely available in foodservice industry and retail markets. Choice carcasses are 53.7% of the fed cattle total. The difference between Choice and Prime is largely due to the fat content in the beef. Prime typically has a higher fat content (more and well distributed intramuscular "marbling") than Choice.
- U.S. Select (formerly Good) – lowest grade commonly sold at retail, acceptable quality, but is less juicy and tender due to leanness.
- U.S. Standard – Lower quality, yet economical, lacking marbling.
- U.S. Commercial – Low quality, lacking tenderness, produced from older animals.
- U.S. Utility
- U.S. Cutter
- U.S. Canner
Utility, Cutter, and Canner grade are rarely used in foodservice operations and primarily used by processors and canners.
There are five beef yield grades – 1 to 5, which estimate the yield of saleable product, with YG 1 having the highest and YG 5 the lowest. Although consumers rarely see or are aware of it, yield grade was an important marketing tool for packers and retailers. The conversion from carcass and bone-in primals to boneless, trimmed cuts has reduced the importance.
Traditionally, beef sold in steakhouses and supermarkets has been advertised by its USDA grade; however, many restaurants and retailers have recently begun advertising beef on the strength of brand names and the reputation of a specific breed of cattle, such as black Angus.[13][14]
Aging and tenderization[link]
Main article: Beef aging
- Further information: Meat#Conditioning, Meat preservation
To improve tenderness of beef, it often is aged (i.e., stored refrigerated) to allow endogenous proteolytic enzymes to weaken structural and myofibrillar proteins. Wet aging is accomplished using vacuum packaging to reduce spoilage and yield loss. Dry aging involves hanging primals (usually ribs or loins) in humidity-controlled coolers. Outer surfaces dry out and can support growth of molds (and spoilage bacteria, if too humid), resulting in trim and evaporative losses. Evaporation concentrates the remaining proteins and increases flavor intensity; the molds can contribute a nut-like flavor. The majority of the tenderizing effect occurs in the first 10 days, although two to three days allow significant effects. Boxed beef, stored and distributed in vacuum packaging, is, in effect, wet aged during distribution. Premium steakhouses dry age for 21 to 28 days or wet age up to 45 days for maximum effect on flavor and tenderness. Meat from less tender cuts or older cattle can be mechanically tenderized by forcing small, sharp blades through the cuts to disrupt the proteins. Also, solutions of exogenous proteolytic enzymes (papain, bromelin or ficin) can be injected to augment the endogenous enzymes. Similarly, solutions of salt and sodium phosphates can be injected to soften and swell the myofibrillar proteins. This improves juiciness and tenderness. Salt can improve the flavor, but phosphate can contribute a soapy flavor.
Cooking and preparation[link]
Dry heat[link]
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
| Grilling | is cooking the beef over or under a high radiant heat source, generally in excess of 650 °F (343 °C). This leads to searing of the surface of the beef, which creates a flavorful crust. In the U.S.A., Australia, Canada, the UK and Germany, grilling, particularly over charcoal, is sometimes known as barbecuing, often shortened to "BBQ". When cooked over charcoal, this method can also be called charbroiling. |
| Broiling | is similar to grilling, but specifically with the heat source above the meat. Outside North America, this is known as grilling. |
| Roasting | is a way of cooking meat in a hot oven, producing roast beef. Liquid is not usually added; the beef may be basted by fat on the top, or by spooning hot fat from the oven pan over the top. A gravy may be made from the cooking juices, after skimming off excess fat. |
| Stir frying | is typically an Asian way of cooking. Cooking oil with flavourings such as garlic, ginger and onions are put in a very hot wok. Then slices of meat are added, followed by ingredients which cook quicker: mixed vegetables, etc. The dish is ready when the ingredients are 'just cooked'. |
Internal temperature[link]
Main article: Temperature (meat)
Beef can be cooked to various degrees, from very rare to well done. The degree of cooking corresponds to the temperature in the approximate center of the meat, which can be measured with a meat thermometer. Beef can be cooked using the sous vide method, which cooks the entire steak to the same temperature, but when cooked using a method such as broiling or roasting it is typically cooked such that it has a "bulls eye" of doneness, with the least done (coolest) at the center and the most done (warmest) at the outside. While searing and the Maillard Reaction are important to the final flavor of a piece of beef, the degree of doneness is also important. A chef can judge the degree of doneness of steak using the finger touch test,[15] without a meat thermometer. Temperature ranges can be found at Temperature (meat).
Moist heat[link]
Moist heat cooking methods include braising, pot roasting, stewing and sous vide. These techniques are often used for cuts of beef that are tougher, as these longer, lower temperature cooking techniques have the potential to tenderize the meat better than high-heat, dry techniques.
- simmering meat, whole or cut into bite-size pieces, in a water-based liquid with flavourings. This technique may be used as part of pressure cooking.
- cooking meats, in a covered container, with small amounts of liquids (usually seasoned or flavored). Unlike stewing, braised meat is not fully immersed in liquid, and usually is browned before the oven step.
- Sous-vide, French for "under vacuum", is a method of cooking food sealed in airtight plastic bags in a water bath for a long time—72 hours is not unknown—at an accurately determined temperature much lower than normally used for other types of cooking. The intention is to maintain the integrity of ingredients and achieve very precise control of cooking.
Meat has usually been cooked in water which is just simmering, such as in stewing; higher temperatures make meat tougher by causing the proteins to contract. Since thermostatic temperature control became available, cooking at temperatures well below boiling, 52 °C (126 °F) to 90 °C (194 °F), for prolonged periods has become possible; this is just hot enough to convert the tough collagen in connective tissue into gelatin through hydrolysis, with minimal toughening. With the adequate combination of temperature and cooking time, pathogens, such as bacteria will be killed, and Pasteurization can be achieved. Because browning (Maillard reactions) can only occur at higher temperatures (above the boiling point of water), these moist techniques do not develop the flavors associated with browning. Meat will often undergo searing in a very hot pan, grilling or browning with a torch before moist cooking (though sometimes after).
Thermostatically controlled methods, such as sous-vide, can also prevent overcooking by bringing the meat to the exact degree of doneness desired, and holding it at that temperature indefinitely. The combination of precise temperature control and long cooking duration makes it possible to be assured that Pasteurization has been achieved, both on the surface and the interior of even very thick cuts of meat, which can not be assured with most other cooking techniques. (Although extremely long-duration cooking can break down the texture of the meat to an undesirable degree.)
Beef can be cooked quickly at the table through several techniques. In hot pot cooking, such as shabu-shabu, very thinly sliced meat is cooked by the diners at the table by immersing it in a heated pot of water or stock with vegetables. In fondue bourguignonne, diners dip small pieces of beef into a pot of hot oil at the table. Both techniques typically feature accompanying flavorful sauces to compliment the meat.
Raw beef[link]
Steak tartare is a French dish made from finely chopped or ground (minced) raw meat (often beef). More accurately, it is scraped so as not to let even the slightest of the sinew fat get into the scraped meat. It is often served with onions, capers, seasonings such as fresh ground pepper and Worcestershire sauce, and sometimes raw egg yolk. The Belgian dish filet américain is also made of finely chopped ground beef, though it is seasoned differently, and either eaten as a main dish or can be used as a dressing for a sandwich. Kibbeh nayyeh is a similar Lebanese dish. And in Ethiopia, a ground raw meat dish called tire siga or kitfo is eaten.
Carpaccio of beef is a thin slice of raw beef dressed with olive oil, lemon juice and seasoning. Often, the beef is partially frozen before slicing to allow very thin slices to be cut.
Yukhoe is a variety of hoe, raw dishes in Korean cuisine which is usually made from raw ground beef seasoned with various spices or sauces. The beef part used for yukhoe is tender rump steak. For the seasoning, soy sauce, sugar, salt, sesame oil, green onion, and ground garlic, sesame seed, black pepper and juice of bae (Korean pear) are used. The beef is mostly topped with the yolk of a raw egg.
Cured or smoked beef[link]
Bresaola is an air-dried, salted beef that has been aged about two to three months until it becomes hard and a dark red, almost purple, colour. It is lean, has a sweet, musty smell and is tender. It originated in Valtellina, a valley in the Alps of northern Italy's Lombardy region. Bündnerfleisch is a similar product from neighbouring Switzerland.
Pastrami is often made from beef; raw beef is salted, then partly dried and seasoned with various herbs and spices, and smoked.
Corned beef is a cut of beef cured or pickled in a seasoned brine. The corn in corned beef refers to the grains of coarse salts (known as corns) used to cure it. The term corned beef can denote different styles of brine-cured beef, depending on the region. Some, like American-style corned beef, are highly seasoned and often considered delicatessen fare.
Beef jerky is dried, salted, smoked beef popular in the United States.
Biltong is a cured, salted, air dried beef popular in South Africa.
Spiced beef is a cured and salted joint of round, topside, or silverside, traditionally served at Christmas in Ireland. It is a form of salt beef, cured with spices and saltpetre, intended to be boiled or broiled in Guinness or a similar stout, and then optionally roasted for a period after.[16]
Religious prohibitions[link]
Main article: Cattle in religion
Hindus and Indian Buddhists consider killing cattle and eating beef a taboo, and Jains are forbidden to eat any kind of meat. Bovines have been highly revered as sacred to mankind in Indian culture[citation needed] due to the critical role of cattle, especially cows, as a source of milk, and dairy products, and their relative importance to the pastoral Vedic people allowed this special status; and this rose to prominence with the advent of the Jain tradition and Hindu Golden-age during the Gupta period.[17] The slaughter of cattle has been likened[by whom?] to the matricide in these cultures, due to the idealisation of the cow providing milk and sustenance for society.
During the season of Lent, Catholics traditionally give up all meat and poultry products as a religious act of fasting. Prior to Pope Paul VI's Paenitemini, canonical law strictly stated meat was forbidden on all Fridays, a violation of which could be a mortal sin. Pope Paul VI's revisions relaxed the policy; now, the common interpretation is that meat is only forbidden on Ash Wednesday and Fridays in the season of Lent, although the fact that some form of penance is still asked of Catholics on Fridays leads many to continue the traditional abstention from beef and poultry.
Jews refrain from eating meat and poultry (and drinking wine, among other restrictions) during The Nine Days of mourning leading up to the fast of Tisha B'Av.
Nutrition and health[link]
| Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) | |
|---|---|
| Energy | 1,047 kJ (250 kcal) |
| Carbohydrates | 0 g |
| - Starch | 0 g |
| - Dietary fiber | 0 g |
| Fat | 15 g |
| - saturated | 5.887 g |
| - monounsaturated | 6.662 g |
| - polyunsaturated | 0.485 g |
| Protein | 26 g |
| Water | 58 g |
| Thiamine (vit. B1) | 0.046 mg (4%) |
| Riboflavin (vit. B2) | 0.176 mg (15%) |
| Niacin (vit. B3) | 5.378 mg (36%) |
| Vitamin B6 | 0.383 mg (29%) |
| Folate (vit. B9) | 9 μg (2%) |
| Vitamin B12 | 2.64 μg (110%) |
| Choline | 82.4 mg (17%) |
| Vitamin C | 0 mg (0%) |
| Vitamin E | 0.45 mg (3%) |
| Vitamin K | 1.2 μg (1%) |
| Calcium | 18 mg (2%) |
| Iron | 2.6 mg (20%) |
| Magnesium | 21 mg (6%) |
| Manganese | 0.012 mg (1%) |
| Phosphorus | 198 mg (28%) |
| Potassium | 318 mg (7%) |
| Sodium | 72 mg (5%) |
| Zinc | 6.31 mg (66%) |
| Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA Nutrient Database |
|
Beef is a excellent source of complete protein and minerals such as zinc, selenium, phosphorus and iron, and B vitamins.[18] Red meat is the most significant dietary source of carnitine and, like any other meat (pork, fish, veal, lamb etc.), is a source of creatine.
Health concerns[link]
Cancer
A study released in 2007 by the World Cancer Research Fund reported “strong evidence that red meat and processed meats are causes of bowel cancer” and recommends people eat less than 500 grams (18 oz) of cooked red meat weekly, and as little processed meat as possible. The report also recommends that average consumption in populations should not exceed 300 grams (11 oz) per week, stating this goal "corresponds to the level of consumption of red meat at which the risk of colorectal cancer can clearly be seen to rise." It should be noted, though, the 2007 report from the World Cancer Research Fund defined red meat as "[B]eef, pork, lamb, and goat from domesticated animals."[19] Lean beef, with its high selenium and vitamin B12 content, may actually lower the risk of colon cancer.[18]
Cardiovascular Disease and Coronary Heart Disease
The Harvard School of Public Health also recommends consumers eat red meat sparingly as it has high levels of undesirable saturated fat.[20] This recommendation is not without controversy, though. Another study from The Harvard School of Public Health appearing in Circulation (journal) found "Consumption of processed meats, but not red meats, is associated with higher incidence of coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus."[21] This finding tended to confirm an earlier meta-analysis of the nutritional effects of saturated fat in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition which found "[P]rospective epidemiologic studies showed that there is no significant evidence for concluding that dietary saturated fat is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease or cardiovascular disease. More data are needed to elucidate whether cardiovascular disease risks are likely to be influenced by the specific nutrients used to replace saturated fat."[22]
Dioxons
Some cattle raised in the United States feed on pastures fertilized with sewage sludge. Elevated dioxons may be present in meat from these cattle.[23][24]
Recalls[link]
In 2011, U.S. Ground beef was subject to numerous recalls due to ecoli contamination:
- January 2011, One Great Burger expands recall.[25]
- February 2011, American Food Service, a Pico Rivera, Calif. establishment, is recalling approximately 3,170 pounds of fresh ground beef patties and other bulk packages of ground beef products that may be contaminated with E. coli O157:H7 [26]
- March 2011, 14,000 pounds of beef recalled by Creekstone Farms Premium Beef due to ecoli concerns.[27]
- April 2011, National Beef Packaging recalled more than 60,000 of ground beef due to ecoli contamination.[28]
- May 2011, Irish Hills Meat Company of Michigan, a Tipton, Mich., establishment is recalling approximately 900 pounds of ground beef products that may be contaminated with E. coli O157:H7.[29]
- September 2011, Tyson Fresh Meats recalled 131,100 pounds of ground beef due to ecoli contamination.[30]
- December 2011, Tyson Fresh Meats recalled 40,000 pounds of ground beef due to ecoli contamination.[31]
- January 2012, Hannaford Supermarkets recalled all ground beef with sell by dates 17 December 2011 or earlier.[32]
Mad cow disease[link]
Main article: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
In 1984, the use of meat and bone meal in cattle feed resulted in the world's first outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or, colloquially, mad cow disease) in the United Kingdom.[33]
Since then, other countries have had outbreaks of BSE:
- In May 2003, after a cow with BSE was discovered in Alberta, Canada, the American border was closed to live Canadian cattle, but was reopened in early 2005.[34]
- In June 2005 Dr. John Clifford, chief veterinary officer for the United States Department of Agriculture animal health inspection service confirmed a fully domestic case of BSE in Texas. Dr. Clifford would not identify the ranch, calling that "privileged information."[35] The 12 year old animal was alive at the time when Oprah Winfrey raised concerns about cannibalistic feeding practices on her show[36] which aired 16 April 1996.
The EU has decided to relax rules introduced to prevent the transmission of BSE more than 20 years after the emergence of "mad cow disease" and feed meat byproducts back to cattle.[37]
World Producers[link]
TOP 10 CATTLE AND BEEF PRODUCING COUNTRIES[38]
CATTLE PRODUCTION (1000 Head)
| Rank | Country | 2009 | 2010 | %Chg |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | India | 57,960 | 58,300 | 0.6% |
| 2 | Brazil | 49,150 | 49,400 | 0.5% |
| 3 | China | 42,572 | 41,000 | −3.7% |
| 4 | United States | 35,819 | 35,300 | −1.4% |
| 5 | EU-27 | 30,400 | 30,150 | −0.8% |
| 6 | Argentina | 12,300 | 13,200 | 7.3% |
| 7 | Australia | 9,213 | 10,158 | 10.3% |
| 8 | Russia | 7,010 | 6,970 | −0.6% |
| 9 | Mexico | 6,775 | 6,797 | 0.3% |
| 10 | Colombia | 5,675 | 5,675 | 0.0% |
BEEF PRODUCTION (1000 MT CWE)
| Rank | Country | 2009 | 2010 | %Chg |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | 11,889 | 11,789 | −0.8% |
| 2 | Brazil | 8,935 | 9,300 | 4.1% |
| 3 | EU-27 | 7,970 | 7,920 | −0.6% |
| 4 | China | 5,764 | 5,550 | −3.7% |
| 5 | Argentina | 3,400 | 2,800 | −17.6% |
| 6 | India | 2,610 | 2,760 | 5.7% |
| 7 | Australia | 2,100 | 2,075 | −1.2% |
| 8 | Mexico | 1,700 | 1,735 | 2.1% |
| 9 | Russia | 1,285 | 1,260 | −1.9% |
| 10 | Pakistan | 1,226 | 1,250 | 2.0% |
See also[link]
- Argentine beef
- Barbecue
- Beef hormone controversy
- Entrecôte
- List of meat animals
- Pink slime
- Svíčková, a popular Czech dish of marinated beef sirloin served with cream
- Veal
References[link]
- ^ "Serving Beef at Ayodhya, article from The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 24 August 2003. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-toi/all-that-matters/Serving-beef-at-Ayodhya/articleshow/144132.cms. Retrieved 18 December 2011.
- ^ Raloff, Janet. Food for Thought: Global Food Trends. Science News Online. 31 May 2003.
- ^ "Livestock and Poultry: World Markets and Trade (October 2009)" (PDF). http://www.fas.usda.gov/dlp/circular/2009/livestock_poultry_10-2009.pdf. Retrieved 20 April 2010. USDA PDF
- ^ "Late Neolithic megalithic structures at Nabta Playa". http://www.comp-archaeology.org/WendorfSAA98.html. Retrieved 27 February 2008.
- ^ "History of Cattle Breeds". http://www.bovinebazaar.com/history.htm. Retrieved 17 April 2007.
- ^ "Beef". The Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. Thefreedictionary.com. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/beef. Retrieved 18 December 2011.
- ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, 2000: beef.
- ^ "Beef". The American Heritage College Dictionary, 4th ed..
- ^ "Beef Cuts by Chart". Clovegarden.com. http://www.clovegarden.com/ingred/ab_cowc.html. Retrieved 18 December 2011.
- ^ http://eastlondonsteak.co.uk/index.php/the-cuts/feather-blade.html
- ^ "Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) / Protected Geographical Indication (PGI)". European Commission — Agriculture and Rural Development. http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/qual/en/1bbab_en.htm. Retrieved 10 August 2007.
- ^ Salvage, B. 2009 "Leading the Herd", Meat Processing, June 2009, p. 61
- ^ "Branded Beef Booming". Denver Post. 17 June 2003. http://www.cattlefacts.com.au/ArticleEditor_Preview.asp?AID=610. Retrieved 17 April 2007.
- ^ Michael Chu. "USDA Beef Quality Grades". Cooking for Engineers. http://www.cookingforengineers.com/article.php?id=30&title=USDA+Beef+Quality+Grades. Retrieved 10 August 2007.
- ^ "Finger Test For Doneness". Exploratorium. http://www.exploratorium.edu/cooking/meat/activity-fingertest.html. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
- ^ Recipe for traditional dry spiced beef – An Bord Bia
- ^ Chatterjee, Suhas (1998). Indian Civilization and Culture. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd.. p. 232. ISBN 978-81-7533-083-2. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=KItocaxbibUC.
- ^ a b "Beef, lean organic". WHFoods. 18 October 2004. http://whfoods.org/genpage.php?pfriendly=1&tname=foodspice&dbid=141. Retrieved 18 December 2011.
- ^ "2007 report by the World Cancer Research Fund, Chapter 4". Dietandcancerreport.org. http://www.dietandcancerreport.org/cancer_resource_center/downloads/chapters/chapter_04.pdf. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
- ^ "Harvard School of Public Health – Healthy Eating Pyramid". Hsph.harvard.edu. 14 September 2011. http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/pyramids.html. Retrieved 18 December 2011.
- ^ "Red and Processed Meat Consumption and Risk of Incident Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, and Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Circulation. 17 May 2010. http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/121/21/2271.long. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
- ^ "Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies evaluating the association of saturated fat with cardiovascular disease". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 13 January 2010. http://www.ajcn.org/content/91/3/535.full.pdf. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
- ^ "USDA Emerging Issues". http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/emergingissues/downloads/dioxins.pdf.
- ^ Cadimum and mercury contamination in beef grown on sewage sludge. http://books.google.com/books?id=DtEonRzF1R8C&pg=PA79&lpg=PA79&dq=beef+liver+sewage+sludge&source=bl&ots=rqhm-NVwqd&sig=x2IRVunE9o162KtfDAfNvA_EtOI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=YQMDT-_OGYS5twfY4NinDQ&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=beef%20liver%20sewage%20sludge&f=false.
- ^ "One Great Burger expands ground beef recall". http://www.fsis.usda.gov/News_&_Events/Recall_003_2011_Expanded/index.asp.
- ^ "California firm recalls ground beef". http://www.fsis.usda.gov/News_&_Events/Recall_008-2011_Release/index.asp.
- ^ "Kansas City firm recalls beef products". http://www.cnn.com/2011/HEALTH/03/10/kansas.beef.recall/index.html.
- ^ "Ecoli in South eastern US". http://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/food-poisoning/news/20110815/ground-beef-recalled-due-to-e-coli.
- ^ "Michigan firm recalls ground beef". http://www.fsis.usda.gov/News_&_Events/recall_039_2011_release/index.asp.
- ^ "Tyson recalls beef over ecoli concerns". http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/28/us-tyson-beef-recall-idUSTRE78R3HJ20110928.
- ^ "Tyson recalls beef due to ecoli contamination". http://online.wsj.com/article/APc2c84ba3f2374dba99be7df1024c1490.html.
- ^ "Hannaford Supermarket recalls hamburger". http://www.wickedlocal.com/norwell/news/x1468791409/Hannaford-announces-ground-beef-recall#axzz1ivNjoWuw.
- ^ "Timeline: BSE and vCJD". NewScientist.com news service. 13 December 2004. http://www.newscientist.com/channel/health/dn9926-timeline-bse-and-vcjd.html. Retrieved 10 August 2007.
- ^ "Canadian beef industry loses patience over border dispute". Foodproductiondaily.com. http://www.foodproductiondaily.com/news/ng.asp?id=59810-canadian-beef-industry. Retrieved 18 December 2011.
- ^ Mcneil, Donald G. (30 June 2005). "reported "Case of Mad Cow in Texas Is First to Originate in U.S. – New York Times"". Nytimes.com. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/30/national/30cow.html. Retrieved 18 December 2011.
- ^ "Oprah transcript from recording 15 April 1996". Mcspotlight.org. 15 April 1996. http://www.mcspotlight.org/media/television/oprah_transcript.html. Retrieved 18 December 2011.
- ^ "Meat back on the menu for animal feed". http://www.organicconsumers.org/articles/article_21563.cfm.
- ^ Daily Livestock Report – Vol. 8, No. 126/ 30 June 2010
External links[link]
| Find more about Beef on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
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Source texts from Wikisource |
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Textbooks from Wikibooks |
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Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on |
- USDA beef grading standards (PDF)
- Nutrition Facts for Various Cuts of Beef
- Many different meat cut charts
- The Story of Beef in Nebraska, the Beef State with videos, history, life cycle, issues, and culture
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http://wn.com/Beef
Related pages:
http://cs.wn.com/Hovězí maso
http://id.wn.com/Daging sapi
http://ru.wn.com/Говядина
http://nl.wn.com/Rundvlees
http://pt.wn.com/Carne bovina
http://pl.wn.com/Wołowina
http://fr.wn.com/Viande bovine
http://de.wn.com/Rindfleisch
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beef
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
"50 cent" redirects here. For the currency amount, see 50 cents. For the 1980s Brooklyn-area robber known as "50 cent", see Kelvin Martin.
"Curtis Jackson" redirects here. For other people with this name, see Curtis Jackson (disambiguation).
| 50 Cent | |
|---|---|
 50 Cent in 2009 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Curtis James Jackson III |
| Born | (1975-07-06) July 6, 1975 (age 36) |
| Origin | South Jamaica, Queens, New York City, New York, United States |
| Genres | Hip hop |
| Occupations | Rapper |
| Years active | 1997–present |
| Labels | Aftermath, Shady, G-Unit |
| Associated acts | G-Unit, Dr. Dre, Eminem, Sha Money XL, DJ Whoo Kid |
| Website | 50cent.com |
Curtis James Jackson III (born July 6, 1975), better known by his stage name 50 Cent, is an American rapper, entrepreneur, investor, record producer, and actor. He rose to fame with the release of his albums Get Rich or Die Tryin' (2003) and The Massacre (2005). His album Get Rich or Die Tryin' has been certified eight times platinum by the RIAA.[1]
Born in the South Jamaica of Queens, New York City, Jackson began drug dealing at the age of twelve during the 1980s crack epidemic.[2] After leaving drug dealing to pursue a rap career, he was shot at and struck by nine bullets during an incident in 2000. After releasing his album Guess Who's Back? in 2002, Jackson was discovered by rapper Eminem and signed to Interscope Records. With the help of Eminem and Dr. Dre, who produced his first major commercial successes, Jackson became one of the world's highest selling rappers. In 2003, he founded the record label G-Unit Records, which signed several successful rappers such as Young Buck, Lloyd Banks, and Tony Yayo.
Jackson has engaged in feuds with other rappers including Ja Rule, Nas, Fat Joe, Jadakiss, Cam'ron, Puff Daddy, Rick Ross, and former G-Unit members The Game and Young Buck. He has also pursued an acting career, appearing in the semi-autobiographical film Get Rich or Die Tryin' in 2005, the Iraq War film Home of the Brave in 2006, and Righteous Kill in 2008. 50 Cent was ranked as the sixth-best artist of the 2000s by Billboard magazine. The magazine also ranked him as the fourth top male artist and as the third top rapper behind Eminem and Nelly.[3] Billboard magazine also ranked him as the sixth best and most successful Hot 100 Artist of the 2000s[4] and as the number one rap artist of the 2000s.[5] Billboard ranked his album Get Rich or Die Tryin' as the twelfth best album of the 2000s[6] and his album The Massacre as the 37th best album of the 2000s.[7] As of September 2011, 50 Cent is working on his fifth studio album, which is set to be released in 2012.[8]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Curtis Jackson III grew up in South Jamaica, a poverty-stricken urban neighborhood in Queens, New York City. He grew up without a father and was raised by his mother, Sabrina, who gave birth to him at the age of fifteen. Sabrina, a cocaine dealer, raised Jackson until the age of eight, when she was killed in 1983. Twenty-seven years old at the time, she became unconscious after someone drugged her drink. She was then left for dead after the gas in her apartment was turned on and the windows shut closed.[9][10]
After her death, Jackson moved into his grandparents' house with his eight aunts and uncles.[11][12][13] He recalls, "My grandmother told me, 'Your mother's not coming home. She's not gonna come back to pick you up. You're gonna stay with us now.' That's when I started adjusting to the streets a little bit".[14]
Jackson began boxing around the age of eleven. At fourteen, a neighbor opened a boxing gym for local kids. "When I wasn't killing time in school, I was sparring in the gym or selling crack on the strip", he recalled.[15] In the mid 1980s, he competed in the Junior Olympics as an amateur boxer. He recounts, "I was competitive in the ring and hip-hop is competitive too... I think rappers condition themselves like boxers, so they all kind of feel like they're the champ".[16] At the age of twelve, Jackson began dealing narcotics when his grandparents thought he was at after-school programs.[17] He also took guns and drug money to school. In the tenth grade, he was caught by metal detectors at Andrew Jackson High School. He later stated, "I was embarrassed that I got arrested like that... After I got arrested I stopped hiding it. I was telling my grandmother [openly], 'I sell drugs.'"[14]
Following time spent in a correctional boot camp, Jackson adopted the nickname "50 Cent" as a metaphor for "change".[18] The name was derived from Kelvin Martin, a 1980s Brooklyn robber known as "50 Cent". Jackson chose the name "because it says everything I want it to say. I'm the same kind of person 50 Cent was. I provide for myself by any means".[19]
Music career[link]
1996–99: Early career[link]
Jackson started rapping in a friend's basement where he used turntables to record over instrumentals.[20] In 1996, a friend introduced him to Jam Master Jay of Run-DMC who was organizing his label Jam Master Jay Records.
Jay taught him how to count bars, write choruses, structure songs, and how to make a record.[21][22] Jackson's first official appearance was on a song titled "React" with the group Onyx on their 1998 album Shut 'Em Down. He credited Jam Master Jay as an influence who helped him improve his ability to write hooks.[16] Jay produced Jackson's first album; however, it was never released.[9]
In 1999, after leaving Jam Master Jay, the platinum-selling producers Trackmasters took notice of Jackson and signed him to Columbia Records. They sent him to a studio in Upstate New York where he produced thirty-six songs in two weeks.[10] Eighteen were included on his unofficially released album, Power of the Dollar in 2000.[23] He also started the now-defunct Hollow Point Entertainment with former G-Unit affiliate Bang 'Em Smurf.[24][25]
Jackson's popularity started to increase after the successful but controversial underground single, "How to Rob", which he wrote in half an hour while in a car on the way to a studio.[18][26] The track comically explains how he would rob famous artists. He explained the reasoning behind song's content as, "There's a hundred artists on that label, you gotta separate yourself from that group and make yourself relevant".[18] Rappers Jay-Z, Kurupt, Sticky Fingaz, Big Pun, DMX, Wyclef Jean and the Wu-Tang Clan replied to the song[26] and Nas, who received the track positively, invited Jackson to travel on a promotional tour for his Nastradamus album.[13] The song was intended to be released with "Thug Love" featuring Destiny's Child, but two days before he was scheduled to film the "Thug Love" music video, Jackson was shot and confined to a hospital due to his injuries.[27]
2000–01: Shooting[link]
On May 24, 2000, Jackson was attacked by a gunman, alleged to be Darryl "Hommo" Baum, outside his grandmother's former home in South Jamaica, Queens. He went into a friend's car, but was asked to return to the house to get jewelry.
His son was in the house, while his grandmother was in the front yard.[10] Upon returning to the back seat of the car and already seated, another car pulled up nearby. An assailant then walked up to Jackson's left side with a 9mm handgun and fired nine shots at close range. He was shot nine times: in the hand (a round hit his right thumb, to where the bullet passed through and out his little finger), arm, hip, both legs, chest, and his face (his left cheek).[9][14][28] The face wound resulted in a swollen tongue, the loss of a wisdom tooth, and a small slur in his voice.[13][14][29] His friend also sustained a gunshot wound to the hand. They were driven to the hospital where Jackson spent thirteen days.
Baum, the alleged shooter, was killed three weeks later.[30]
Baum was also Mike Tyson's close friend and bodyguard.[31]
Jackson recalled the incident saying, "It happens so fast that you don't even get a chance to shoot back.... I was scared the whole time.... I was looking in the rear-view mirror like, 'Oh @#!*% , somebody shot me in the face! It burns, burns, burns.'"[14] In his autobiography, From Pieces to Weight: Once upon a Time in Southside Queens, he wrote, "After I got shot nine times at close range and didn't die, I started to think that I must have a purpose in life... How much more damage could that shell have done? Give me an inch in this direction or that one, and I'm gone".[11] He used a walker for the first six weeks and fully recovered after five months. When he left the hospital, he stayed in the Poconos with his then-girlfriend and son. His workout regime helped him attain his muscular physique.[9][14][32]
While in the hospital, Jackson signed a publishing deal with Columbia Records. However, he was dropped from the label and "blacklisted" in the recording industry because of his song "Ghetto Qu'ran".
Unable to find a studio to work with in the U.S, he traveled to Canada.[33][34] Along with his business partner Sha Money XL, he recorded over thirty songs for mixtapes, with the purpose of building a reputation.
According to Shady Records A&R Marc Labelle in an interview with HitQuarters, Jackson shrewdly used the mixtape circuit to his own advantage saying, "He took all the hottest beats from every artist and flipped them with better hooks. They then got into all the markets on the mixtapes and all the mixtape DJs were messing with them."[35] Jackson's popularity rose and in 2002, he released material independently on the mixtape, Guess Who's Back?. Beginning to attract interest, and now backed by G-Unit, Jackson continued to release music including 50 Cent Is the Future. The mixtape revisited material by Jay-Z and Raphael Saadiq.[23]
2002–09: Rise to fame[link]
In 2002, Eminem listened to a copy of Jackson's Guess Who's Back? CD. He received the CD through Jackson's attorney, who was working with Eminem's manager Paul Rosenberg.[27] Impressed with the album, Eminem invited Jackson to fly to Los Angeles, where he was introduced to Dr. Dre.[9][21][27] After signing a $1 million record deal,[21] Jackson released the mixtape, No Mercy, No Fear. It featured one new track, "Wanksta", which was put on Eminem's 8 Mile soundtrack.[23] He was also signed to Chris Lighty's Violator Management and Sha Money XL's Money Management Group.
In February 2003, Jackson released his commercial debut album, Get Rich or Die Tryin'. Allmusic described it as "probably the most hyped debut album by a rap artist in about a decade".[36] Rolling Stone noted the album for its "dark synth grooves, buzzy keyboards and a persistently funky bounce" with Jackson complementing the production in "an unflappable, laid-back flow".[37]
It debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, selling 872,000 copies in the first four days.[38] The lead single, "In da Club", which The Source noted for its "blaring horns, funky organs, guitar riffs and sparse hand claps",[39] broke a Billboard record as the most listened-to song in radio history within a week.[40]
Interscope granted Jackson his own label, G-Unit Records in 2003.[41] He signed Lloyd Banks, Tony Yayo, and Young Buck as the established members of G-Unit. The Game was later signed under a joint venture with Dr. Dre's Aftermath Entertainment.
In March 2005, Jackson's second commercial album, The Massacre, sold 1.14 million copies in the first four days-the highest in an abbreviated sales cycle[38]- and peaked at number one on the Billboard 200 for six weeks.[42]
He became the first solo artist to have three singles on the Billboard top five in the same week with "Candy Shop", "Disco Inferno", and "How We Do".[43] Rolling Stone noted that "50's secret weapon is his singing voice - the deceptively amateur-sounding tenor croon that he deploys on almost every chorus".[44]
After The Game's departure, Jackson signed singer Olivia and rap veterans Mobb Deep to G-Unit Records. Spider Loc, M.O.P., 40 Glocc and Young Hot Rod later joined the label.[45][46] Jackson expressed interest in working with rappers outside of G-Unit, such as Lil' Scrappy of BME, LL Cool J from Def Jam, Mase from Bad Boy, and Freeway of Roc-A-Fella, some of whom he recorded with.[47] In September 2007, he released his third album Curtis, which was inspired by his life before Get Rich or Die Tryin'.[48] It debuted at number two on the Billboard 200, selling 691,000 units in the first week,[49] behind Kanye West's Graduation, whom he had a sales competition with, as both albums were released on the same day.
He confirmed on TRL on September 10, 2008 that his fourth studio album, Before I Self Destruct, will be "done and released in November".
On May 18, 2009, Jackson released a song entitled "Ok, You're Right". The song was produced by Dr. Dre and was included in Before I Self Destruct.
In Fall 2009, 50 Cent appeared in the new season of VH1's Behind The Music.
On September 3, 2009 months upon the release of his "Before I Self Destruct" album 50 Cent posted a video[50] for the Soundkillers' Phoenix[51] produced track "Flight 187" which introduced his mixtape, the 50th LAW, and was also featured as a bonus track on his iTunes release of Before I Self Destruct. The song ignited speculation that there was tension between rapper 50 Cent and Jay Z for Jackson's comments in the song.[52]
2010–present[link]
In an interview with the British entertainment website ContactMusic, 50 Cent announced that he was working on a dance album named Black Magic. 50 Cent said he was inspired by the European nightclubs. "First they played hip-hop which suddenly changed to uptempo songs, known as Eurodance".[53] He went on The Invitation Tour in the summer of 2010, in support of Before I Self Destruct album, and the then shelved Black Magic album. He "recorded 20 songs to a whole different album concept" before he put those to the side and did something different.[54]
50 Cent revealed that he wanted his new album to have the same "aggression" as his debut record, Get Rich or Die Tryin'.[55][56]
He later tweeted that the album was "80 percent done", and stated that fans can expect the album in the summer of 2011; however, the album has been delayed to 2012 at the earliest, due to tensions and disagreements at Interscope Records, Later 50 Cent said that he will release his album in November 2011[8] and it has also been confirmed that "Black Magic" will not be the album's title.[8] 50 Cent has already confirmed that Eminem will appear on the album, but he also confirmed that he has been working with new producers such as Boi-1da and Alex da Kid.[57] Cardiak, who produced Lloyd Banks' “Start It Up”, also confirmed that he had produced a song for the upcoming album.[58]
DJ Whoo Kid confirmed in an interview that 50 Cent was filming a new movie with Robert DeNiro in New Orleans.[59]
50 Cent released the first song from his fifth studio album, titled "Outlaw", to the Internet on June 16, 2011.[60]
The single was produced by Cardiak.
It was released to iTunes on July 19, 2011,[61] although 50 Cent confirmed through his Twitter account that the song was not the album's first single.[62]
50 Cent is set to release a book titled Playground.
Unlike his previous literary efforts — which focus on his life story and the rules of power — this time he's aiming at a teen audience with a semi-autobiographical novel about bullying. According to a statement from the book's publisher, the first-person novel is slated for release in January 2012 and will tell the story of a 13-year-old schoolyard bully "who finds redemption as he faces what he's done."[63]
50 Cent has promised to deliver his fifth studio album album over the past few years, but the LP may be delayed until 2012. In a series of tweets, 50 Cent explained that him and his label Interscope Records aren’t on the same page on how to roll out the album and that he’s delaying its release until they see eye to eye.[8]
50 Cent later suggested that his album will be releasing in November 2011, along with his headphone line SMS by 50.[8]
50 Cent spoke to MTV in relation to the possibility of leaving Interscope Records. "I don't know," 50 told MTV News when asked if he would ink back with Interscope once his five-album deal was fulfilled. "It will all be clear in the negotiations following me turning this actual album in. And, of course, the performance and how they actually treat the work will determine whether you still want to stay in that position or not."[64]
On June 20, 2011, 50 Cent announced that he will release an LP titled Before I Self Destruct II. The announced sequel to his 2009 LP is suggested to be released after his fifth studio album.[65]
On June 26, 2011, 50 Cent planned to shoot a music video for the lead single from his fifth studio album titled I'm On It.[66] However, the music video never surfaced.[67]
50 Cent spoke to Shade45 in relation guest appearances for his fifth studio album. "I did four songs in Detroit with Eminem. I did two with Just Blaze, a Boi-1da joint, and I did something with Alex da Kid. We made two that are definite singles and the other two are the kinds of records that we been making, more aimed at my core audience, more aggressive, more of a different kind of energy to it."[68]
In September 2011, 50 Cent released a song titled "Street King Energy Track #7" in attempt to promote his charitable energy drink Street King.[69]
On September 28, 2011, it was confirmed that 50 Cent is shooting a music video for his lead single from his fifth studio album titled "Girls Go Wild", which features Jeremih.[70][71]
On October 26, 2011, 50 Cent announced that his fifth studio album will be released in December 2011.[72] However, the album was delayed, and it was announced that the album will now be released on July 2, 2012.[73]
Other ventures[link]
Jackson has established himself in a variety of fields. In November 2003, he signed a five-year deal with Reebok to distribute a "G-Unit Sneakers" line as part of his G-Unit Clothing Company.[74][75] He provided the voice-over as the protagonist in the video game 50 Cent: Bulletproof, which was released for PlayStation 2, Xbox, and the PlayStation Portable.
Its sequel, 50 Cent: Blood on the Sand, was released in early 2009.[76][77] He worked with Glacéau to create a vitamin water drink called Formula 50. In 2007, Coca-Cola purchased Glacéau for US$4.1 billion. Forbes estimated Jackson, who owns a stake in the company, earned $100 million from the deal after taxes.[78] He has teamed up with Right Guard to launch a body spray called Pure 50 RGX Body Spray and a condom line called Magic Stick Condoms,[79] in which he planned to donate part of the proceeds to HIV awareness.[80]
Jackson has signed a multi-year deal with Steiner Sports to sell his memorabilia.[81]
In 2005, Jackson made a cameo appearance on The Simpsons episode "Pranksta Rap", in which he makes light of his legal troubles. The same year, he starred alongside Terrence Howard in the semi-autobiographical film Get Rich or Die Tryin'. He starred in the 2006 film Home of the Brave, as a soldier returning home from the Iraq War, traumatized after killing an Iraqi woman.[82]
Jackson is working[when?] on a role as a fighter in an Angola State Prison in Spectacular Regret alongside Nicolas Cage, and starred opposite Al Pacino and Robert De Niro in 2008's Righteous Kill, a movie regarding a police death.[83]
He also started the film production companies G-Unit Films in 2007 and Cheetah Vision in 2008.[84][85]
In August 2007, Jackson announced plans to launch a dietary supplement company in conjunction with his movie Spectacular Regret.[86]
In August 2005, shortly before appearing in Get Rich or Die Tryin', Jackson published an autobiography entitled From Pieces to Weight: Once upon a Time in Southside Queens. In it, Jackson explores the cultural and economic forces that led him to sell cocaine and crack, details his entrepreneurship as a drug-dealer and then as a rapper, and reflects on his own ethos and on society.
On January 4, 2007, Jackson launched his G-Unit Books imprint at the Time Warner Building.[87] He also co-wrote The Ski Mask Way, a novel about a small-time drug dealer who attempts to rob his employers, which is to be turned into a film.[80] Jackson said he read Robert Greene's The 33 Strategies of War and worked with the author on a book titled The 50th Law, an urban take on The 48 Laws of Power.[80][88] In May 2008, Jackson met billionaire Patrice Motsepe to forge a joint venture selling 50 Cent-branded platinum.[89]
In 2008, Jackson started a reality television show on MTV titled 50 Cent: The Money and the Power; the winning contestant, Ryan Mayberry, won a $100,000 investment from Jackson.[90]
On September 8, 2009, he published his book The 50th Law.[91]
In 2010, Jackson's film company Cheetah Vision landed $200 million in funding.[92]
In July 2011, 50 Cent revealed his initiative to provide food for millions of people in Africa by 2016. 50 Cent teamed up with Pure Growth Partners to launch a charitable energy drink called Street King that will help aid in combating world hunger. For every purchase of Street King, a portion of the sales will go to providing a daily meal to an underprivileged child around the world. The partnership coincides with Fiddy’s mission statement of feeding a billion people in Africa over the next five years.
“50 Cent and I share a common vision: To address the world’s problems through smart and sustainable business models,” said Chris Clark, the founder and CEO of Pure Growth Partners. “With the rampant starvation in Africa and hunger afflicting children worldwide, we need socially responsible businesses that affect real change now more than ever.”
50 concurs, stating, “I’m inspired by Clarke’s vision and innovative approaches to tackling serious issues. It’s our mission with Street King to really change children’s lives around the world.”[93][94]
Jackson founded SMS Audio, selling headphones with the name Street by 50. He has pledged to donate a portion of the sales to charity.[95]
Personal life[link]
Jackson has a tattoo of "Marquise" with an axe on his right biceps. "The axe is 'cause I'm a warrior. I don't want him to be one, though,"[34] he explains. He also has "50", "Southside", and "Cold World" inscribed on his back because "I'm a product of that environment. It's on my back, though, so it's all behind me."[34]
Family[link]
On October 13, 1997, Jackson's then-girlfriend Shaniqua Tompkins gave birth to a son, Marquise Jackson.[2][96]
The birth of his son changed Jackson's outlook on life: "When my son came into my life, my priorities changed, because I wanted to have the relationship with him, that I didn't have with my father."[97] He credited his son for inspiring his career and being "motivation to go in a different direction".[98]
Politics[link]
In 2005, Jackson expressed support for President George Walker Bush after rapper Kanye West criticized him for the slow response in assisting the Hurricane Katrina victims.[99]
If his felony convictions did not prevent him from voting, he claimed he would have voted for Bush.[100] Jackson identifies with the Republican Party.[101]
He later stated that Bush "has less compassion than the average human. By all means, I don't aspire to be like George Bush."[102]
In response to Obama's endorsement of gay marriage, 50 cent said he also supports legalizing it.[103]
Wealth[link]
In 2007, Jackson was the second wealthiest performer in the rap industry, behind Jay-Z.[104] He resides in Farmington, Connecticut, in the former mansion of ex-boxer Mike Tyson.[105] He is consistently ranked among the richest figures in the American hip hop scene. In 2011, Jackson was ranked the fifth richest figure in American hip hop with a net worth estimated at $100 million.[106]
He put the mansion for sale at $18.5 million to move closer to his son who lives in Long Island with his ex-girlfriend.[107] On October 12, 2007, the Mayor of Bridgeport, Connecticut declared it "50 Cent Curtis Jackson Day". He was honored with a key to the city and an official proclamation.[108]
One of his homes in New York purchased for 2.4 million dollars in January 2007 and at the center of a lawsuit between Jackson and ex-girlfriend Shaniqua Tompkins caught fire on May 30, 2008 while he was out of town filming for a movie in Louisiana.[109]
In December 2008 Jackson told the Canadian press that he had been affected by the recession, losing several million dollars in the stock market as an investor. He also went on to say that he had been unable to sell his Connecticut mansion and pushed Before I Self-Destruct back because of the recent economic downturn.[110]
Legal issues[link]
On June 29, 1994, Jackson was arrested for helping to sell four vials of cocaine to an undercover police officer. He was arrested again three weeks later when police searched his home and found heroin, ten ounces of crack cocaine, and a starter gun.
He was sentenced to three to nine years in prison, but managed to serve six months in a shock incarceration boot camp where he earned his GED. Jackson said that he did not use cocaine himself, he only sold it.[11][111][112]
His ex-girlfriend Shaniqua Tompkins sued Jackson for $50 million, claiming that he said that he would take care of her for life; the suit, which includes 15 claims was later dismissed by a judge, calling it "an unfortunate tale of a love relationship gone sour."[113]
50 Cent was sentenced to two years probation on July 22, 2005 from an incident in May 2004 when 50 Cent jumped into the audience after being hit with a water bottle.[114] He was charged with three counts of assault and battery.[114]
Lawsuits[link]
On July 21, 2007, Jackson filed a $1 million lawsuit against advertising company Traffix Inc. of Pearl River, New York for using his image in a promotion which he claims threatens his safety.
He became aware of the internet ad after one of his staff members saw it on a MySpace page. According to court documents, the ad features a cartoon image of the rapper and the message: "shoot the rapper and you will win $5000 or five ring tones guaranteed".
Though the ad did not use his name, the image allegedly intended to resemble him, suggesting he endorsed the ad.
The lawsuit calls it a "vile, tasteless and despicable" use of 50 Cent's image that "quite literally calls for violence against him". The lawsuit seeks for unspecified punitive damages and a permanent injunction against the use of his image without permission.[115][116]
In November 2009, 50 Cent won in a lawsuit against Taco Bell over the fast food chain using his name to promote the brand without his permission.[117]
Feuds[link]
How to Rob[link]
50 Cent said that he intended the single to be a joke, and not meant to disrespect anybody. Nevertheless, a number of rappers mentioned on the song responded on record.
The comments made towards the Wu-Tang Clan were responded to on the Ghostface Killah album Supreme Clientele on a track called "Ghost Deini" and even more directly on a skit called "Clyde Smith" which included one of the Wu-Tang Clan members talking about how they intended to harm the rapper, which is identifiable as Raekwon when the track is sped up. A supposed diss song, "Who the Fuck Is 50 Cent", which circulated the web in the beginning of 2001 was rumored to be by the Clan, but was proven to be recorded by Polite of American Cream Team (Raekwon's then-side project).
Jay-Z also reacted to the comments in the track called "It's Hot (Some Like It Hot)", off the album Vol. 3... Life and Times of S. Carter:
"Go against Jigga yo' ass is dense
I'm about a dollar, what the fuck is 50 Cents?"
Sticky Fingaz responded to the diss with the track "Jackin' for Beats."
"The real 50 from Brooklyn god bless he got outed
You just a fake clown who front and rout about it."
Big Pun responds to this track on his album Yeeeah Baby, in the song "My Turn."
"And to the 50 Cent Rapper, very funny – get your nut off, 'cuz in real life, we all know I'd blow your motherfucking head off...If I'm gonna write a song, it'll be about how I had to beat your mothafuckin' ass. And that'll be the name of the motherfucker: 'That's Why I Had To Beat Your Motherfucking Ass', featuring Tony Sunshine."
Kurupt responded on the diss track "Callin' Out Names."
"Now it's 50 mc's that ain't worth shit
Get ya ass kicked 50 times, beat to 10 cent"
Wyclef Jean responded on the song "Low Income", from his 2000 album, The Ecleftic.
"I stay so hungry that if 50 Cent came to rob me
he'd be part of my charity."
The Inc.[link]
Before signing with Interscope, Jackson engaged in a well-publicized dispute with rapper Ja Rule and his label The Inc.. Jackson claims that a friend robbed Ja Rule of his jewelry and that Ja Rule accused him of setting it up.[118] However, Ja Rule claimed the conflict stemmed from a video shoot in Queens because Jackson did not like seeing him "getting so much love" from the neighborhood.[119] In March 2000, while at The Hit Factory studio in New York, Jackson had an altercation with Murder Inc. associates. He was treated for three stitches after receiving a stab wound.[118][120] Rapper Black Child claimed responsibility for the stabbing, saying he acted in self-defense because he thought someone reached for a gun.[121]
An affidavit by an IRS agent suggested that Murder Inc. had ties to Kenneth "Supreme" McGriff, a New York drug lord who was suspected of being involved in the murder of Jam Master Jay and the shooting of Jackson. An excerpt of the affidavit read:
The investigation has uncovered a conspiracy involving McGriff and others to murder a rap artist who has released songs containing lyrics regarding McGriff's criminal activities. The rap artist was shot in 2000, survived and thereafter refused to cooperate with law enforcement regarding the shooting. Messages transmitted over the Murder Inc. pager indicate that McGriff is involved in an ongoing plot to kill this rap artist, and that he communicates with Murder Inc. employees concerning the target.[33]
In an interview with MTV, Ja Rule acknowledged his defeat against 50 Cent and stated that his new album, The Mirror, will not be continuing any past feuds that he has engaged in. He said: There was a lot of things I wanted to say, and I didn't want there to be any bitter records on the album. Because I'm not bitter about anything that happened [in the past few years].
Fat Joe, Nas & Jadakiss[link]
Before releasing The Massacre, Jackson recorded a song "Piggy Bank", a response to Ja Rule's song "New York", which was leaked before the album's release. The song takes aim at rappers including Fat Joe, Nas, and Jadakiss.[122] Fat Joe responded with a song, "My Fofo", accusing Jackson of taking steroids, hiding in his home, and being jealous of The Game. Jadakiss also responded with a song, "Checkmate", and said that Jackson was trying to "create a buzz for his new album".[123] The "Piggy Bank" music video portrays animated caricatures of Jadakiss (as a Ninja turtle), Fat Joe (as King Hippo from Mike Tyson's Punch-Out), Nas (as a kid chasing a "milkshake" truck in a Superman costume), and The Game (as Mr. Potato Head). He also disses all of them on the beef version of his single "Window Shopper"[124] Kelis, Nas's then-wife, responded to the song on her single "Bossy".[citation needed] Nas later responded with "Don't Body Ya Self (MC Burial)." Nas later dissed 50 on the song "Street Ridaz" on Game's mixtape "Brake Lights".
Sean Combs[link]
Jackson spoke negatively about Bad Boy Entertainment mogul Sean Combs and recorded a song, "Hip-Hop", revealing the reasons behind his negative feelings: primarily, a contract dispute over Mase. In the song, he implied that Diddy knew about The Notorious B.I.G.'s murder and threatened to expose him through former associates.[125] The feud was resolved, with both rappers appearing on MTV's TRL and Sucker Free, respectively, stating that there were no longer problems.[126] The feud reignited in 2010 with 50 Cent dissing Diddy, saying his music "sucks".
Cam'ron[link]
On February 1, 2007, Cam'ron and Jackson had a live argument on The Angie Martinez Show on Hot 97 radio. Jackson commented that Koch Entertainment was a "graveyard", meaning major record labels would not work with their artists.[127] Cam'ron then ridiculed the record sales of G-Unit members Lloyd Banks and Mobb Deep by stating that Jim Jones outsold their albums despite being signed to an independent label and that his group, The Diplomats, had a distribution deal from several labels.[127] Both rappers released "diss" songs with videos on YouTube. Jackson suggested in "Funeral Music" that Cam'ron is no longer able to lead The Diplomats and that Jim Jones should take his place. Cam'ron responded with "Curtis" and "Curtis Pt. II", in which he makes fun of Jackson's appearance, calling him "a gorilla, with rabbit teeth".[128] Jackson responded by releasing "Hold On" with Young Buck.
Game[link]
Main article: G-Unit vs. The Game feud
Although he was close with The Game, before The Game released his debut album The Documentary, they soon became at odds. After its release, Jackson felt The Game was disloyal for saying he did not want to participate in G-Unit's feuds with other rappers and even wanting to work with artists they were feuding with. He also claimed that he wrote six songs on the album and was not receiving proper credit for his work, which The Game denied.[129]
Jackson later dismissed The Game from G-Unit on Hot 97 radio. After the announcement, The Game, who was a guest earlier in the evening, attempted to enter the building with his entourage. After being denied entry, one of his associates was shot in the leg during a confrontation with a group of men leaving the building.[130][131] When the situation escalated, both rappers held a press conference to announce their reconciliation.[132] Fans had mixed feelings as to whether the rappers created a publicity stunt to boost the sales of the albums they had just released.[133] Nevertheless, even after the situation deflated,[134] G-Unit criticized The Game's street credibility. The group denounced The Game and announced that they will not be featured on his albums. During a Summer Jam performance, The Game launched a boycott of G-Unit called "G-Unot".[135]
After the performance at Summer Jam, The Game responded with "300 Bars and Runnin'", an extended "diss" aimed at G-Unit as well as members of Roc-A-Fella Records on the mixtape You Know What It Is Vol. 3. Jackson responded through his "Piggy Bank" music video, which features The Game as a Mr. Potato Head doll and also parodies other rivals.[136] Since then both groups continued to attack each other. The Game released two more mixtapes, Ghost Unit and a mixtape/DVD called Stop Snitchin, Stop Lyin.
Jackson posted a cover of The Game's head on the body of a male stripper for "Hate It or Love It (G-Unit Radio Part 21)" mixtape, as a response to The Game displaying pictures of G-Unit dressed as Village People.[137] Although he was signed to Aftermath Entertainment, The Game left the label and signed with Geffen Records to terminate his contractual obligations with G-Unit (although others claim Jackson pressured Dr. Dre to kick him off).[138] G-Unit member Spider Loc had also began to insult The Game on various songs. In addition, The Game released "240 Bars (Spider Joke)" and "100 Bars (The Funeral)" both attacking G-Unit, Spider Loc and others. Jackson's response was "Not Rich, Still Lyin'" where he mocks The Game.[139] Lloyd Banks replied to the Game on a Rap City freestyle booth session. The Game quickly released a "diss" record called "SoundScan" where The Game pokes fun at Lloyd Banks' album Rotten Apple falling thirteen spots on the Billboard 200 chart and disappointing second week sales. Lloyd Banks replied on his mixtape Mo' Money In The Bank Pt. 5: Gang Green Season Continues with a song called "Showtime (The Game's Over)". Lloyd Banks states that Jackson wrote half of The Game's first album The Documentary and pokes fun at The Game's suicidal thoughts.
In October 2006, The Game extended a peace treaty to Jackson, which was not immediately replied to.[140] However, a couple days later, on Power 106, he stated that the treaty was only offered for one day.[141] On The Game's album, Doctor's Advocate, he claims that the feud is over on a few of the songs.
In July 2009, The Game stated the beef was squashed with help from Michael Jackson and Diddy,[142] and he apologized for his actions during the beef.[143] Tony Yayo said that neither Jackson (50 Cent) or G-Unit would accept his apology.[144] Since then, The Game continued his old "G-Unot" ways at live concerts. Jackson released "So Disrespectful" a diss song on Before I Self Destruct targeting Jay-Z, The Game and Young Buck.[145] Game later responded with the song "Shake", poking fun of the music video for 50's single "Candy Shop", quote, "Me and 50 aint agreeing on shit so I had to (Shake) Aint no telling what he putting in that protein (Shake) Seen the candy shop video look at this nigga (Shake) And thats the same shit that made the nigga Young Buck (Shake)". He also takes shots at Lloyd Banks and Tony Yayo, in which he says, "I'm surprised that Lloyd Banks and Yayo didn't (Shake) Wasn't selling no records Jimmy Iovine said (Shake)". Game also dissed G-Unit several times on the song "400 Bars".
In September 2011, 50 Cent dissed Game on the song "Love, Hate, Love", in which Game responded to on his twitter, saying he was going to diss him back after his tour was finished, quote:
[@50Cent I'm on tour doin shows but as soon as @avanterose find a studio for me i'm killin yo "Planet of the Apes" face havin ass nigga
Rick Ross[link]
In January 2009, Rick Ross started a feud with 50 Cent because he supposedly looked at him the wrong way at the BET Awards. However, Jackson told news sources that he did not even remember seeing Rick Ross there.[146] In late January, a track entitled "Mafia Music" by Rick Ross, leaked onto the Internet. There were several lines that seem to diss Jackson. Days later, Jackson released "Officer Ricky (Go Head, Try Me)" in response to Rick Ross's disparaging remarks on his "Mafia Music" song. The next day Rick Ross appeared on Shade 45, and told Jackson to come up with something better in 24 hours.
Before going to Venezuela, Jackson uploaded a video entitled "Warning Shot", where he warns Rick Ross: "I'ma fuck your life up for fun". In addition, Jackson released the first of a series of "Officer Ricky" cartoons. Early February, Jackson once again made a video which he uploaded to YouTube where he interviews "Tia", the mother of one of Rick Ross's children. She verifies his being a correctional officer and claims his whole persona is fake and fraudulent.[147] On Thursday, February 5, 2009, The Game, who Jackson has a long-standing "beef" with, called up Seattle's KUBE 93 Radio Station. When asked about the beef between Jackson and Rick Ross, The Game sided with Jackson and said that things are not looking good for Rick Ross. However, he offered to help Rick Ross get out of this situation, stating "Rick Ross, holla at your boy, man," and "50 eating you, boy."[148]
On his album Deeper Than Rap, Ross references Jackson in the song "In Cold Blood". A video for the song was released that portrayed Jackson's mock funeral. Upon release, Ross stated that he has ended Jackson's career.[149]
In an interview, Jackson said: "Rick Ross is Albert From CB4. You ever seen the movie? He's Albert," he added. "It never gets worse than this. You get a guy that was a correctional officer come out and base his entire career on writing material from a drug dealer's perspective such as "Freeway" Ricky Ross."[150]
Lil Wayne[link]
After hearing word that Lil Wayne had prepared a song for him after 50 made some unkind remarks, 50 lashed out at Wayne first on August 17, 2007 with the song "Part Time Lover".[151] Wayne never really responded to the song, although a 50 Cent diss track called "Louisianimal" did leak much later on November 17, 2008.[152] Jackson responded to Lil Wayne in January 2009 in a song entitled "Play This On The Radio".[153] As of August 14, 2009, the controversy between Jackson and Lil Wayne seems to have ended after Jackson appeared and performed at Lil Wayne's America's Most Wanted Musical Festival stop in Anaheim, California.[154]
Young Buck[link]
Main article: 50 Cent vs. Young Buck
After numerous rumors of a "beef" within G-Unit, Jackson officially dismissed Young Buck from the group, in 2008. He later assured that he was still signed with the label.[155] Numerous slander songs then arose on the internet from both camps, with Young Buck appearing in a music video of former rival The Game.[156][157] Jackson then leaked a taped phone conversation between himself and Young Buck, which showed one of the true reasons for the falling out; Jackson was owed money by the Southern rapper. Young Buck later stated the conversation took place over a year before the leak.[158] The two camps have since released a multitude of songs against each other, with the feud settling down by 2009, with Young Buck stating he's been working on his latest album, which is still to be released under the G-Unit label.[159]
In April 2012, after being ousted from the crew back in 2008, Young Buck has entered talks to work with the label. Days after indicating that he would be open to re-teaming with his old crew at G-Unit Records, Young Buck now confirms that he has begun negotiations with the label about making his return. Buck provided the update in a recent interview stating "I'ma be honest with you," he said, "Finally we're at a point where we're having some kind of negotiations with what they're going to be able to do for us at G-Unit."[160] The Nashville, Tennessee native said he was ready to make his return to music, whether as a part of G-Unit or not. "Y’all are gonna be hearing from me," he said. "I don't want to put a timing on it, but the wait is absolutely over, and we're just trying to figure out what's the best situation for us, where I'm gonna go." Buck stated in an interview after a concert in California April 4, 2012. Young Buck's last album was the 2010 independent release The Rehab. It’s been a rough go for Buck since he was expelled from 50’s crew in 2008, he has run into financial troubles and he recently escaped an attempted drive-by shooting in his hometown. Although it doesn’t look like the rapper has straightened out his relationship with 50 Cent, but he says the label has finally agreed to negotiate. The negotiations may not lead to a new deal between Young Buck and G-Unit, but the rapper remains optimistic and explained that it’s only a matter of time before he ends up finding a place to take his talent.[161][162]
Discography[link]
Main articles: 50 Cent discography and G-Unit discography
- Get Rich or Die Tryin' (2003)
- The Massacre (2005)
- Curtis (2007)
- Before I Self Destruct (2009)
- Fifth studio album (2012)[163][164]
Awards and nominations[link]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by 50 Cent
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2003 | 50 Cent: The New Breed | Himself | Documentary DVD |
| 2005 | Get Rich or Die Tryin' | Marcus | Film debut |
| 2006 | Home of the Brave | Jamal Aiken | Supporting Role |
| 2008 | Righteous Kill | Spider | Supporting Role |
| Before I Self Destruct | Clarence | Supporting Role | |
| 50 Cent: The Money and the Power | Himself | TV series (one episode: "Choose Your Crew Wisely") | |
| 2009 | Streets of Blood | Stan Johnson | |
| Entourage | Himself | TV series (Season 6, Episode 3: "One Car, Two Car, Red Car, Blue Car") | |
| Dead Man Running | Thigo | ||
| Caught in the Crossfire | Tino | Executive producer | |
| 2010 | 13 | Jimmy | |
| Gun | Rich | ||
| Twelve | Lionel | Supporting Role | |
| Morning Glory | Himself | ||
| 2011 | Vengeance | Black | |
| Blood Out | Hardwick | ||
| Setup | Sonny | ||
| 2012 | All Things Fall Apart | Deon | |
| Freelancers | Malo | ||
| Fire with Fire | – | Producer | |
| Odd Thomas | Shamus Cocobolo | ||
| Lives of the Saints | TBA | Pre-production | |
| 2013 | The Tomb | TBA | In production |
Voice work[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | The Simpsons | Himself | TV series (one episode: "Pranksta Rap") |
| 50 Cent: Bulletproof | Himself | Video game, voice only | |
| 2009 | 50 Cent: Blood on the Sand | Himself | Video game, voice only |
| Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2[165][166] | Navy SEAL, announcer | Video game, voice only |
References[link]
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- ^ Reid, Shaheem (August 4, 2005). 50 Mocks Fat Joe, Jadakiss, Game, Nas in 'Piggy Bank' Video. MTV. Accessed May 23, 2007.
- ^ Reid, Shaheem (September 6, 2005). 50 Goes after Diddy on New Mixtape. MTV. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
- ^ Strong, Nolan; Jeffries, Alexis (September 7, 2006). Exclusive: 50 Cent, Sean 'Diddy' Combs Declare 'Cease Fire'. AllHipHop. Retrieved July 20, 2007.
- ^ a b Sanneh, Kelefa (February 27, 2007). Rappers Find That a Small Label Can Have Its Uses. The New York Times. Accessed May 22, 2007.
- ^ Petipas, Jolene (February 9, 2007). It's Official, Jackson Starts War with Cam'ron. SOHH. Accessed May 25, 2007.[dead link]
- ^ Reid, Shaheem (March 1, 2005). 50 Cent and The Game - Doomed from the Very Beginning?. MTV. Accessed May 25, 2007.
- ^ Reid, Shaheem (February 28, 2005). 50 Drops Game from G-Unit; Shots Fired at Radio Station. MTV. Retrieved June 2, 2007.
- ^ Hope, Clover (March 2, 2005). 50 Cent Cancels New York Appearance amid Shooting Inquiry. AllHipHop. Retrieved July 20, 2007.
- ^ Fresh, Remmie (March 9, 2005). The Game and 50 Hold Press Conference Today to End Dispute. AllHipHop. Retrieved July 20, 2007.
- ^ Rodriguez, Jayson (March 1, 2005). Update: Man Shot Not with 50 Cent; Violator Offices Shot Up. AllHipHop. Retrieved July 20, 2007.
- ^ Williams, Houston (May 9, 2005). Game: Winds of Change. AllHipHop. Retrieved July 20, 2007.
- ^ Rodriguez, Jason (June 6, 2005). The Game Taunts 50 Cent, Jay-Z Returns at Hot 97's Summer Jam. AllHipHop. Retrieved July 20, 2007.
- ^ A-Plus (August 5, 2005). "50 Strikes Back in "Piggy Bank" Video". Hip Hop DX. Archived from the original on 28 February 2007. http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.3445/title.50-strikes-back-in-piggy-bank-video. Retrieved January 29, 2007.
- ^ Reid, Shaheem (July 10, 2006). Mixtape Monday: 50 Cent Strips Down The Game. MTV. Retrieved June 15, 2007.
- ^ Petipas, Jolene (August 1, 2006). Update: The Game Officially Leaves Aftermath. SOHH. Retrieved June 9, 2007.[dead link]
- ^ Chery, Carl (February 3, 2006). The Game takes on Spider Loc, 50 Cent strikes back, SOHH. Retrieved July 23, 2007.[dead link]
- ^ Fresh, Remmie (September 30, 2006). The Game Extends Peace Treaty to 50 Cent, Allhiphop. Retrieved June 23, 2007.
- ^ Audio of the conversation on Power 106 URL The Black Wall Street Forum. The Black Wall Street. Retrieved October 11, 2006.
- ^ Michael Jackson Tried To End Beef Between 50 Cent/The Game. Hip-Hop DX.
- ^ The Game Apologizes To 50 Cent, Interscope. Hip-Hop DX.
- ^ Tony Yayo Says G-Unit Isn't Accepting Game's Apology. MTV News.
- ^ 50 Disses Game, Young Buck On BISD Snippet. All Hip-Hop.
- ^ "How feud Started Rick Ross and 50 Cent". Vide.com. February 7, 2009. Archived from the original on 21 March 2009. http://www.vibe.com/news/news_headlines/2009/01/50_cent_vs_rick_ross_video/. Retrieved March 16, 2009.
- ^ HipHopDX.com – 50 Cent – Interviews Rick Ross' Baby Mama. HipHopDX.com. Retrieved February 2, 2008.
- ^ Roberts, Steven (February 5, 2009). "Game Takes Sides In 50 Cent/ Rick Ross Beef – News Story | Music, Celebrity, Artist News | MTV News". Mtv. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1604407/20090205/ross__rick__rap_.jhtml. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
- ^ Reid, Shaheem (April 20, 2009). "Rick Ross Buries 50 Cent In 'Cold Blood' Video – News Story | Music, Celebrity, Artist News | MTV News". Mtv. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1609554/20090420/ross__rick__rap_.jhtml. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
- ^ "50 Cent Says Rick Ross Is ‘Gusto From CB4′, Laughs Off Ross’ Sales Predictions". BallerStatus.com. Archived from the original on 19 June 2010. http://www.ballerstatus.com/2009/03/03/50-cent-says-rick-ross-is-gusto-from-cb4-laughs-off-ross-sales-predictions/. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
- ^ HipHopDX.com – 50 Cent Disses Lil' Wayne. HipHopDX.com. Retrieved August 17, 2007.
- ^ HipHopDX.com – Lil Wayne – Louisianimal (50 Cent Diss). HipHopDX.com. Retrieved November 27, 2008.
- ^ "50 Cent – Play This On The Radio". Hiphopdx.com. January 10, 2009. http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/audio/id.6483/title.50-cent-play-this-on-the-radio. Retrieved September 8, 2010.
- ^ 50 Cent Makes Surprise Appearance During Lil Wayne Tour[dead link]
- ^ Aliya Ewing (April 7, 2008) 50 Cent Kicks Young Buck Out Of G-Unit & More! HipHopDX. Retrieved January 19, 2009.
- ^ (July 25, 2008) Young Buck at The Game – My Life Video Shoot[dead link]. Retrieved January 19, 2009.
- ^ The Game – "My Life" on FNMTV MTV. Retrieved August 16, 2008.
- ^ Black Widow (June 19, 2008) Young Buck Responds to Leaked Phone Convo With 50 Cent, 'I Don't Feel No Shame' SixShot. Retrieved January 19, 2009.[dead link]
- ^ Shaheem Reid (October 21, 2008) Young Buck Says The Rehab Will Sell A Million In A Week MTV.com Accessed January 19, 2009.
- ^ Ugwu, Reggie. "Young Buck Says He's Negotiating With G-Unit | News". BET. http://www.bet.com/news/music/2012/04/05/young-buck-says-he-s-negotiating-with-g-unit.html?utm_medium=twitter&utm_source=twitterfeed. Retrieved 2012-05-12.
- ^ "Former G-Unit Records Rapper Young Buck Says He’s In Negotiations With 50 Cent's Label Once Again". This Beat Goes. 2012-04-05. http://thisbeatgoes.com/hip-hop-news/former-g-unit-records-rapper-young-buck-says-he%E2%80%99s-in-negotiations-with-50-cents-label-once-again/. Retrieved 2012-05-12.
- ^ Kuperstein, Slava (2012-04-04). "Young Buck Reveals Renegotiation With G-Unit | Get The Latest Hip Hop News, Rap News & Hip Hop Album Sales". HipHop DX. http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.19270/title.young-buck-reveals-renegotiation-with-g-unit?utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter. Retrieved 2012-05-12.
- ^ Markman, Rob (2012-01-20). "50 Cent Wants To Release Back-To-Back Albums - Music, Celebrity, Artist News". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1677623/50-cent-albums.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
- ^ "50 Cent Plans on Releasing Two Albums This Year". Xxlmag.Com. 2012-01-20. http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2012/01/50-cent-plans-on-releasing-two-albums-this-year/. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
- ^ "50 Cent to be appearing in Modern Warfare 2". Destructoid. March 16, 2006. Archived from the original on 5 May 2010. http://www.destructoid.com/50-cent-to-be-appearing-in-modern-warfare-2-143297.phtml. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
- ^ "50 Cent Visits Infinity Ward (Creators of Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2)". ThisIs50.com. August 7, 2009. http://thisis50.com/profiles/blogs/50-cent-visits-infinity-ward. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
External links[link]
| Find more about 50 Cent on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
|
Images and media from Commons |
|
Quotations from Wikiquote |
- Official website
- 50 Cent on Ning
- 50 Cent's channel on YouTube
- 50 Cent on Twitter
- 50 Cent on Facebook
- 50 Cent on Myspace
- 50 Cent at Allmusic
- 50 Cent discography at Discogs
- 50 Cent at MTV
- 50 Cent at AllRovi
- 50 Cent at the Internet Movie Database
- 50 Cent at TV Tropes
| Preceded by – |
Sound of... (BBC poll) 2003 |
Succeeded by Keane |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | 50 Cent |
| Alternative names | Jackson, Curtis James, III |
| Short description | Rapper |
| Date of birth | July 6, 1975 |
| Place of birth | New York City, New York, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/50_Cent
Related pages:
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Steve Aoki | |
|---|---|
 Steve Aoki playing a set at the HiFi Nightclub in Calgary, Canada. |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name |
Steve Hiroyuki Aoki parent = Richard Aoki |
| Born | (1977-11-30) November 30, 1977 (age 34) Miami, Florida |
| Origin | Newport Beach, California, United States |
| Genres | Electro house, Electronic |
| Labels | Dim Mak Records, Ministry of Sound Australia, Deckstar |
| Website | http://steveaoki.com/ |
Steve Hiroyuki Aoki (born November 30, 1977) is an American electro house musician, record producer and the founder of Dim Mak Records.[1]
Contents |
Biography[link]
Steve Hiroyuki Aoki was born in Miami and grew up in Newport Beach, California. He graduated from Newport Harbor High School in 1995; he was a star player on the varsity badminton team. He is the third child of Rocky Aoki and Chizuru Kobayashi.[2] His father was a former Japanese Olympic wrestler who also founded the restaurant chain Benihana. He has two older siblings, sister Kana (who is sometimes called by her middle name "Grace"), and brother Kevin (owner of Doraku Sushi restaurant). He also has three half-siblings, all of whom are younger: half-brother Kyle and half-sisters Echo, and Devon, the supermodel and actress. As a child, Steve lived with his grandfather,[citation needed] his mother, and his two older siblings.
Aoki attended the University of California, Santa Barbara and graduated with two B.A.s; one in Women's Studies and the other in Sociology. In college, he produced do-it-yourself records and ran underground concerts out of his Biko room in the Santa Barbara Student Housing Cooperative, which was located in Isla Vista, a section of residential land adjacent to UCSB. As a concert venue, the apartment became known as The Pickle Patch.[3][4] By his early 20s, Aoki had built his own record label, which he named Dim Mak after his childhood hero, Bruce Lee.[5] He has also been in numerous bands, including This Machine Kills, which released an album on Ebullition Records, Esperanza, and The Fire Next Time.
Musical career[link]
Aoki founded his own label, Dim Mak Records, in 1996. The label has released music by other electro house artists such as MSTRKRFT, The Bloody Beetroots, Felix Cartal and Mustard Pimp, as well as by Klaxons, Scanners, Whitey, and Mystery Jets. Aoki is also a club promoter and DJ. He has also teamed up with Blake Miller of the LA-based band Moving Units to produce remixes. The duo of Miller and Aoki work under the moniker Weird Science.
Aoki's debut mix album, Pillowface and His Airplane Chronicles was released in January 2008.[6] He also had an Essential Mix that aired on BBC Radio 1 on August 2, 2008.10
Aoki's latest solo album, "Wonderland" was released January 2012 and features guest vocalists and musicians LMFAO, Kid Cudi, Travis Barker, will.i.am aka Zuper Blahq, Wynter Gordon, Rivers Cuomo, Lil Jon, Chiddy Bang, Lovefoxxx of CSS, Big John Duncan former guitarist of the punk band The Exploited, and others.
Aoki has also been busy in the studio collaborating with other fellow producer friends and thus far has released singles with The Bloody Beetroots, Armand Van Helden of Duck Sauce, Afrojack, Laidback Luke, Tai, Sidney Samson, Tiesto. In his interviews, Twitter feed or from his YouTube channel, he has shown teasers or has discussed doing future collaborations with Diplo, Knife Party, Datsik, Chris Lake, Rune, Iggy Azalea, Angger Dimas, and Dirtyphonics.
He has remixed many artists and bands, including Jackson 5, Drake, Kanye West, Eminem, Lil Wayne, Mike Posner, Girls Generation, All American Rejects, Refused, The Killers, Bassnectar, Lenny Kravitz, Bloc Party, Snoop Dogg, Robin Thicke, S.P.A., Kid Cudi, Fërnando Oviedo,Chester French and Peaches.
He remixed the track "When The Wind Blows" that features on the UK edition of The All-American Rejects' 2008 album When The World Comes Down.
On November 10, 2009 he released a remix for Drake's song "Forever". The song features Drake, Kanye West, Lil Wayne, and Eminem. The track made it to the top of Hype Machine's chart in December 2009.[7]
Through relentless touring he gained huge support from colleges. Performing an average of 250 shows a year, he has recently started touring with production via bus tours like the spring 2012 Deadmeat Tour he headlined over 55 cities in 60 dates across the United States and Canada.
In March 2010 Aoki released "I'm In The House", a collaboration with Zuper Blahq—alter-ego of The Black Eyed Peas singer will.i.am. The song charted at #29 in the UK Singles Chart in its first week of release.
Producer-songwriter Lucas Secon confirmed in a May 2010 interview with HitQuarters that he and Rivers Cuomo had recently worked with Aoki on a single.[8]
In May 2006, Aoki became a board member for MC5 bassist Michael Davis' Music Is Revolution Foundation,[9] a non-profit organization that provides music education support within public schools.[10]
Business ventures[link]
The Dim Mak Collection[11] clothing line was launched in 2006.[12] A new fashion range designed by Steve and his sister Devon Aoki will be coming out in the future.
In 2007, Aoki and friend Greger, the owner of WeSC, came up with the idea together to do the "Aoki headphones." They used different shades of green, because that was Aoki's favorite color at the time.[13] Each season for 3 years, Aoki designed new headphones for WeSC. He is currently working closely with Sol Republic and is a founding partner in the headphone company. Aoki also is endorsed by Supra Footwear, where he has helped develop and design shoes under his name.
Following somewhat in his father's footsteps, Aoki is a co-owner in two restaurants in Los Angeles and one in New York City. Eveleigh on Sunset Boulevard & Kitchen 24 on Santa Monica Boulevard in West Hollywood. The Little Ruby's on Orchard St in New York City opened in spring 2012.
He co-owns a management company called DECKSTAR.[14] with DJ AM along with their manager Lawrence Vavra, Matt Colon and Paul Rosenberg. The roster boasts artists such as Blink 182, Holy Ghost!, Infected Mushroom, and Rancid.
He has co-founded and is now developing a website that attracts college students to sell, buy, share books, rent rooms, post events called PILLOWFACE.[15] It's function is similar to Craiglist but that it targets and is exclusively for college students. When he went on his Dead Meat Tour across the United States and Canada in January through March 2012 he was promoting the website to all the colleges across the country.
In November 2009, Aoki created his own magazine titled "Aoki" through a celebrity magazine publishing company called MYMAG.[16]
Guest appearances[link]
He was featured in the video games NBA 2K8 and NBA 2K9 as a special celebrity player, even though he admits to being terrible at basketball. He makes cameos in the videos for Cobra Starship's 2007 single "Send My Love to the Dancefloor, I'll See You in Hell (Hey Mister DJ)" and The Sounds' single "Tony The Beat".
On January 2012, Steve Aoki released new tracks on Turntable.fm in conjunction with SOL REPUBLIC Headphones[17] making him the first established artist to fully orchestrate a listening session using the platform.[18]
Discography[link]
Studio albums[link]
| Title | Details |
|---|---|
| Wonderland |
|
Mix albums[link]
| Title | Details | Peak chart positions |
|---|---|---|
| US Dance |
||
| Pillowface and His Airplane Chronicles |
|
8 |
Singles[link]
| Single | Year | Peak chart positions | Album | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UK | UK Dance |
UK Indie |
AUS | CAN | BEL (FLA) | NL | |||
| "I'm in the House" (feat. Zuper Blahq) |
2010 | 29 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 43 | 40 | #willpower |
| "Turbulence" (with Laidback Luke feat. Lil Jon) |
2011 | 66 | — | — | 37 | — | — | — | Wonderland |
| "No Beef" (with Afrojack feat. Miss Palmer) |
25 | 6 | 39 | — | — | — | 23 | ||
| "Livin' My Love" (feat. LMFAO & NERVO) |
2012 | — | — | — | — | 68 | — | — | |
As featured artist[link]
| Single | Year | Peak chart positions | Album |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL | |||
| 2011 | "We're All No One" (NERVO feat. Afrojack & Steve Aoki) |
89 | N/A |
Promotional singles[link]
| Single | Year | Album |
|---|---|---|
| "Earthquakey People" (feat. Rivers Cuomo) |
2011 | Wonderland |
| "Tornado" (with Tiësto) |
||
| "Ladi Dadi" (feat. Wynter Gordon) |
Remixes[link]
- Michael Jackson – "Dancin' Machine" (Universal Motown)
- Autoerotique – "Gladiator" (Steve Aoki x DJ AM) (Dim Mak)
- NASA – "Gifted" (feat. Kanye West, Lykke Li, Santigold) (Anti)
- Chris Cornell – "Part of Me" (feat. Timbaland) (Interscope)
- Chester French – "She Loves Everybody" (Star Trak)
- The Killers – "Spaceman" (Steve Aoki & The Bloody Beetroots) (Polydor)
- Fact – "Rise" (Avex)
- All American Rejects – "The Wind Blows" (Interscope)
- Good Charlotte – "Misery" (Epic)
- S.P.A. – "Pets Dance" (Dim Mak)
- Lenny Kravitz – "Dancin' Til Dawn" (Virgin)
- Robin Thicke – "Magic" (Interscope)
- Duran Duran – "Skin Divers" (feat. Timbaland) (Interscope)
- Drake – "Forever" (feat. Kanye West, Lil Wayne & Eminem)[7]
- Weezer – "(If You're Wondering If I Want You To) I Want You To"
- Kid Cudi – "Pursuit of Happiness" (feat. MGMT & Ratatat)
- Klaxons – "Echoes"
- Bassnectar - "Red Step"
- Girls' Generation – "MR. TAXI"
- Mike Posner - "She Looks Like Sex"
Weird Science production[link]
Steve Aoki and Blake Miller's production group
- Haus of Cards – "Original" (Dim Mak)
- Snoop Dogg – "Sensual Seduction" (Geffen)
- Teddybears – "Cobrastyle" (Atlantic)
- Bloc Party – "Helicopter" (Dim Mak)
- The Rakes – "Work Work Work" (Dim Mak)
- Metro Station – "Control" (Columbia)
- Younglove – "Discotech" (Island)
- Peaches – "Boys Wanna Be Her" (XL)
- Under the Influence of Giants – "Mama's Room" (Island)
- The Fashion – "Like Knives & Solo Impala" (Columbia)
Featurings[link]
- The Bloody Beetroots – "Warp 1977" (feat. Steve Aoki & Bobberman) (Dim Mak)
- The Bloody Beetroots – "Warp 1.9" (feat. Steve Aoki) (Dim Mak)
- The Bloody Beetroots – "Warp 7.7" (feat. Steve Aoki) (Dim Mak)
- Junkie XL – "1967 Poem" (feat. Steve Aoki) (Nettwerk)
- Motor – "Kick It" (feat. Steve Aoki) (Dim Mak)
- Tai – "Paradise Poltergeist" (feat. Steve Aoki) (Dim Mak)
- Travis Barker – "Misfits" (feat. Steve Aoki) (Dim Mak)
Collaborations[link]
- Steve Aoki & Armand Van Helden – "Brrrat"
- Steve Aoki – "I'm In The House" (feat. Zuper Blahq)
- Steve Aoki & Laidback Luke & Lil Jon – "Turbulence"
- Steve Aoki & Afrojack – " No Beef"
- Steve Aoki & Sidney Samson – "Wake Up Call"
- Steve Aoki & Atari Teenage Riot – "Codebreaker"
- Steve Aoki & Tiësto – "Tornado"
- Steve Aoki & Travis Barker – "Misfits"
- Nervo, Afrojack & Steve Aoki – "We're All No One"
- Steve Aoki feat. LMFAO and Nervo - "Livin' My Love"
- Steve Aoki, Kid Cudi & Travis Barker - "Cudi The Kid"
- Steve Aoki & Knife Party - Currently Untitled Track
Awards[link]
 |
This biographical section of an article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (March 2011) |
- Best DJ of the Year – Paper Magazine (2007)
- Best Set of the Season – Ibiza Awards (2007)
- Best Party Rocker DJ – BPM Magazine (2007)
- Best Mix Album of the Year – Billboard (2008)
References[link]
- ^ Kid Millionaire. Dim Mak. Retrieved on 2012-01-07.
- ^ Aoki family tree from NY mag Nymag.com. Retrieved on July 9, 2008
- ^ Pickle Patch Compilation |. Mostly.blueskiesabove.us (2008-01-13). Retrieved on 2012-01-07.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ Steve Aoki profile. thelookrightnow.com
- ^ Steve Aoki's debut mix album profile Retrieved on July 9, 2008
- ^ a b Twitter / Steve Aoki: Just finished my remix for. Twitter.com (2009-11-10). Retrieved on 2012-01-07.
- ^ "Interview With Lucas Secon". HitQuarters. May 17, 2010. http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=intrview/opar/intrview_Lucas_Secon_Interview.html. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
- ^ "Meet the Board". Music Is Revolution Foundation. http://www.musicisrevolution.com/board. Retrieved 2011-02-10.
- ^ "The Manifesto". Music Is Revolution Foundation. http://www.musicisrevolution.com/. Retrieved 2011-02-10.
- ^ Dim Mak Collection
- ^ Official Dim Mak Collection website
- ^ DJ Steve Aoki headphones
- ^ DECKSTAR
- ^ PILLOWFACE
- ^ MYMAG
- ^ "Steve Aoki Drops Two New Tracks in SOL REPUBLIC's Turntable.fm Room...LIVE". SOL Republic. http://www.solrepublic.com/culture/blog/steve-aoki-drops-two-new-tracks-sol-republics-turntablefm-roomlive. Retrieved January 10, 2012.
- ^ "Steve Aoki Unveils New Music Using Turntable.fm". hypebot. http://www.hypebot.com/hypebot/2012/01/steve-aoki-debuts-new-music-using-turntablefm.html. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
External links[link]
- Official website
- The LA Times article
- Dim Mak Records website
- Steve Aoki on Myspace
- Weird Science on Myspace
- UCSB Student Interview with Steve Aoki
- The Santa Barbara Independent article
- Interview with Steve Aoki, Submerge Magazine, Dec. 2008
- Interview by Maximalminimal, April 2009
- Interview by Clubplanet, May 2010
- Steve Aoki on RCRD LBL
|
||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Aoki, Steve |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | November 30, 1977 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Steve_Aoki
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http://es.wn.com/Steve Aoki
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Aoki
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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Wiki Summary
Beef is the culinary name for meat from bovines, especially domestic cattle. Beef can be harvested from cows, bulls, heifers or steers. It is one of the principal meats used in the cuisine of the Middle East (including Pakistan and Afghanistan), Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Europe and North America, and is also important in Africa, parts of East Asia, and Southeast Asia. Beef is considered a taboo food in some cultures, especially in Indian culture, and thence is eschewed by Hindus and Jains; However, Hinduism's scriptures indicate a recorded history of beef consumption, with the taboo arising at a later period due to the ascendancy of the cow in terms of importance to the farming communities of the time. it is also discouraged among some Buddhists.
Beef muscle meat can be cut into steak, roasts or short ribs. Some cuts are processed (corned beef or beef jerky), and trimmings, usually mixed with meat from older, leaner cattle, are ground, minced or used in sausages. The blood is used in some varieties of blood sausage. Other parts that are eaten include the oxtail, tongue, tripe from the reticulum or rumen, glands (particularly the pancreas and thymus, referred to as sweetbread), the heart, the brain (although forbidden where there is a danger of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE), the liver, the kidneys, and the tender testicles of the bull (known in the US as calf fries, prairie oysters, or Rocky Mountain oysters). Some intestines are cooked and eaten as-is, but are more often cleaned and used as natural sausage casings. The lungs and the udder are considered unfit for human consumption in the US. The bones are used for making beef stock.
