- published: 15 Dec 2012
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- 1842 Pottery Riots
- 1953 FA Cup Final
- A34 road
- A34 road (England)
- A50 road
- A500 road
- A52 road
- A53 road
- Abbey Green ward
- Abbey Hulton
- Aberdeen
- Adderley Green
- Adrian Lewis
- Adrian Rawlins
- Affix
- Agent Blue (band)
- Alan Lake
- All The Young
- Alton Towers
- American football
- Anchor store
- Andrew Van Buren
- Andy Moor (DJ)
- Anglo-Saxon
- Anthea Turner
- Apprenticeship
- Armagh
- Armitage Shanks
- Arnold Bennett
- Arnold Machin
- Arthur Berry
- Ashtray Navigations
- Auto Trader (UK)
- Aynsley China
- BakerBus
- Bakewell tart
- Bangor, Gwynedd
- Banky Brook
- Barbary Macaque
- Barlaston
- Bath, Somerset
- BBC
- BBC Local Radio
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- Bedford Borough
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- Bentilee
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- Black British
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- Blue Peter
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- Bone china
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- Breakfast Time
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- Britannia Stadium
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- Burntwood
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- Cambridge
- Canditv
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- Carl Cox
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- Churchill China
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- Clarice Cliff
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- Daylight saving time
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- Districts of England
- Dresden United F.C.
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- Eastwood Hanley F.C.
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- Emma Bridgewater
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- European Parliament
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- Exeter
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- Field hockey
- First Potteries
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- Ford Green Hall
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- General Electric
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- Glasgow
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- Golden Torch
- Gordon Banks
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- Greenwich Mean Time
- Guns N' Roses
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- Hamilton, Bermuda
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- Hanley Bus Station
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- Hanley Stafford
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- Hartshill
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- Havergal Brian
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- Jon Moulton
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- Kaolinite
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- Keele University
- Kendo Nagasaki
- Kerr Stuart
- Kidsgrove
- King George V
- Kingston upon Hull
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- La Senza
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- Lancashire hotpot
- Leeds
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- Lemmy
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- Lichfield
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- Lincoln, England
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- London
- London Gazette
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- Manchester
- Manchester Airport
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- Mark Bright
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- Max FM
- May un Mar Lady
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- Meir KA F.C.
- Meir, Staffordshire
- Men Behaving Badly
- Met Office
- Methodism
- Michelin
- Michelin Ground
- Middle English
- Middlesbrough
- Midlands Today
- Midwinter Pottery
- Mintons
- Mintons Ltd
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- Moorcroft
- Motorcycle speedway
- Motörhead
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- Municipal borough
- Murdoc Niccals
- Namesake
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- Newcastle upon Tyne
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- Nick Hancock
- North Lincolnshire
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- Northampton
- Northcliffe Media
- Northern soul
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- Norton le Moors
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- Oatcake
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- Odeon Cinemas
- Old English
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- Owd Grandad Piggott
- Oxford
- Paine Proffitt
- Palissy
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- Patricia Leonard
- Pauline Stainer
- Peak District
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- Perth, Scotland
- Peter Coates
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- Pottery
- Premier Foods
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- Reading F.C.
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- Realism (theatre)
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- Regions of England
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- Robbie Williams
- Roman numerals
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- Room 101
- Roy Sproson
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- Rugby (borough)
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- Sandon High School
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- Scheduled Monument
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- Shelley's Laserdome
- Shelton Bar
- Shropshire
- Shropshire Council
- Sideway
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- Simon & Schuster
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- Slough
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- Sons Ltd
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- Spode
- Spode Museum
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- Stafford
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- Staffordshire
- Staffordshire Hoard
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- Stone, Staffordshire
- Sunday school
- Supermarine Spitfire
- Susie Cooper
- Swansea
- Symphony
- T.K. Maxx
- Talk Stoke-on-Trent
- Tamworth
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- Ted Hankey
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- Temperance movement
- Template UK cities
- The Football League
- The Great Game
- The Mausoleum
- The Potteries
- The Sugarmill
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- This Is Seb Clarke
- Thomas Cook Group
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- Thurrock
- Thurrock Council
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- Titanic Brewery
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- Town council
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- Unitary authority
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- UTC+1
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- Wade Ceramics
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- Wikipedia Media help
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- York
-
A50 road
The A50 is a major trunk road in England. It runs from Warrington to Leicester; however, it was once a much longer route.
The A50 runs from the centre of Warrington via Junction 20 of the M6, Knutsford, Holmes Chapel, Kidsgrove and Stoke on Trent to Junction 24 of the M1 near Kegworth, via Derby's southern bypass. From here the A50 is concurrent with the M1, resuming again at Junction 22, the A50 runs to the centre of the City of Leicester which is its southernmost point.
Between Stoke and Derby what is now the A50 was planned to be the M64. The resulting A564, which borrowed the alias A50, is in effect this motorway.
Once the Southern Derby Bypass was completed, it became the A50. The road is maintained privately by Connect A50 Ltd. Much of the new section of road is made of concrete.
North of Leicester, before the dual carriageway section bypassing Derby was built, the A50 formerly went through Burton upon Trent and Ashby-de-la-Zouch to Leicester, but that section is now designated the A511 road.
wn.com/A50_road -
A500 road
The A500 is a major primary A road in Staffordshire and Cheshire, England. It is dual carriageway for most of its length and connects Nantwich, junctions 16 and 15 of the M6 motorway with the city of Stoke-on-Trent. Because its shape between the motorway junctions resembles that of a capital D, it is known locally as the D-Road (D is also the Roman numeral representing the number 500). In 2004 the road was stated as carrying 60,000 vehicles a day through Stoke.
It was built to provide links between Stoke-on-Trent and the M6, before being extended to Nantwich. Construction has taken place over several stages, beginning in 1962, with the final section of the original route being completed similar to the original plans in 2006. As a trunk road it is maintained by the Highways Agency.
By the 1960s, traffic congestion was a major problem in Stoke-on-Trent, and journeys across the area sometimes took hours. There was no connection from the newly constructed M6 to the city. Businesses in the area wanted an easier route to get their goods out of the area.
wn.com/A500_road -
A52 road
The A52 is a major road in the East Midlands, England. It runs east from a junction with the A53 at Newcastle-under-Lyme near Stoke-on-Trent via Ashbourne, Derby, Stapleford, Nottingham, West Bridgford, Bingham, Grantham, Boston and Skegness to the east Lincolnshire coast at Mablethorpe. It is approximately 147 miles (237 km) long.
The stretch between The Pentagon, Derby and Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham is now also known as Brian Clough Way in honour of the late Derby County and Nottingham Forest manager.
The road used to start at Nantwich in Cheshire, but was renumbered to become the A500, A531, and the B5500, although the A500 sections are now unclassified.
wn.com/A52_road -
A53 road
The A53 is a primary route in northern England, that runs from Buxton in Derbyshire to Shrewsbury in Shropshire.
The A53 begins in the centre of Buxton off the A6 road, before meeting the A515 road at a roundabout. Out of the town, it has a junction with the A54 road (to Congleton) before continuing in a south-westerly direction. It crosses the border into the county of Staffordshire, and after leaving the Peak District travels through the town of Leek. It meets the A523 road (to Macclesfield) and the A520 road (to Stone). It crosses the Caldon Canal and travels through the Stoke-on-Trent conurbation, including Hanley and Newcastle-under-Lyme, where it meets a number of major routes such as the A50 road (to Derby), the A500 road and the A525 road (to Whitchurch). It crosses the M6 motorway and goes through the village of Ashley. It crosses the border into Shropshire, and bypasses the town of Market Drayton, and passes the Müller factory. It meets the A41 road (to Wolverhampton) at a roundabout, then meets the A442 road (to Telford). It goes through the village of Shawbury, before it terminates at its junction with the A49 road, 3 miles (4.8 km) north-east of Shrewsbury town centre at Battlefield.
wn.com/A53_road -
Abbey Hulton
Coordinates: 53°01′N 2°08′W / 53.02°N 2.13°W / 53.02; -02.13
Abbey Hulton is a village in Staffordshire, England that now forms a suburb of the city of Stoke-on-Trent. The village was named after the former abbey that existed between the 13th and 16th centuries.
It is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086-7 as Heltone, in Pirehill Hundred, when it was held by Robert of Stafford. Henry de Aldithley endowed the Cistercian Abbey of St. Mary at Hulton, near the site of Heleigh Castle in 1223, donating a large amount of land, some of which was an inheritance from his mother and some of which was purchased. The endowment consisted of the villages of Julton and Rushton to the south of Burslem with “Manesmore”, a wood at Sneyd, all Henry’s land at Bucknall and Anormancot, a meadow called “bukkeley”, and in the northeast of the county the village of Mixon and the “vills and tenements” of Bradnop, Middle Cliff, Apesford, “Ruhegh”, and “Mulnesley” with a pasture at Morridge and a wood at “Witherward.” The grant also included a yearly pension of 10 marks from Audley church. Later in 1232 Henry made a new grant of the vills of Mixon and Bradnop (probably additional land in these manors) with the services of all the inhabitants within 5 years of the death of Ranulph, Earl of Chester. This grant was given in exchange for the saying of mass by 13 monks “all the days of the world” for the souls of Ranulph (Henry’s overlord, the Earl of Chester who died in 1232), Henry, Henry’s predecessors and successors, and all the faithful departed. All the remainder of his life Henry de Aldithley was considered a patron of the monks at Hulton. Hulton Abbey received other gifts from the Aldithley family and other local lords over the next centuries. Compared to the other great Abbeys of England, Hulton was small and poor. The monks engaged in agriculture, raised sheep and operated a tannery. It was disbanded in 1538 and its lands sold.
wn.com/Abbey_Hulton -
Aberdeen
Coordinates: 57°09′09″N 2°06′36″W / 57.1526°N 2.1100°W / 57.1526; -2.1100
Aberdeen
i/æbərˈdiːn/ (Scots: Aiberdeen 
listen (help·info); Scottish Gaelic: Obar Dheathain [ˈopər ˈʝɛhɪn]) is Scotland's third most populous city, one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas and the United Kingdom's 29th most populous city, with an official population estimate of 220,420.
Nicknames include the Granite City, the Grey City and the Silver City with the Golden Sands. During the mid-18th to mid-20th centuries, Aberdeen's buildings incorporated locally quarried grey granite, whose mica deposits sparkle like silver. The city has a long, sandy coastline. Since the discovery of North Sea oil in the 1970s, other nicknames have been the Oil Capital of Europe or the Energy Capital of Europe. The area around Aberdeen has been settled since at least 8,000 years ago, when prehistoric villages lay around the mouths of the rivers Dee and Don.
Aberdeen received Royal Burgh status from King David I (1124–53), transforming the city economically. The city's two universities, the University of Aberdeen, founded in 1495, and The Robert Gordon University, which was awarded university status in 1992, make Aberdeen the educational centre of the north-east. The traditional industries of fishing, paper-making, shipbuilding, and textiles have been overtaken by the oil industry and Aberdeen's seaport. Aberdeen Heliport is one of the busiest commercial heliports in the world and the seaport is the largest in the north-east of Scotland.
wn.com/Aberdeen -
Adderley Green
Coordinates: 52°59′N 2°08′W / 52.99°N 2.13°W / 52.99; -02.13
Adderley Green is a village in Staffordshire, England. It is included in the township of Longton. It was a center for mining activities in the 19th century. In 2010 the Adderley Green Residents Association began an annual Summer Festival. The Festival is in July each year and includes live music, football matches and stalls.
Media related to Adderley Green at Wikimedia Commons
wn.com/Adderley_Green -
Armagh
Coordinates: 54°21′00″N 6°39′17″W / 54.3499°N 6.6546°W / 54.3499; -6.6546
Armagh ( /ɑrˈmɑː/ ar-MAH; from Irish: Ard Mhacha meaning "Macha's height" [aɾˠd̪ˠ ˈwaxə]) is a large settlement in Northern Ireland, and the county town of County Armagh. It is a site of historical importance for both Celtic paganism and Christianity and is the seat, for both the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of Ireland, of the Archbishop of Armagh. In 1995, Armagh city was twinned with Razgrad, Bulgaria.
Although classed as a medium-sized town, Armagh was granted city status by Queen Elizabeth II in 1994. Its population of 14,590 (2001 Census) makes it the least-populated city in both Northern Ireland and on the island of Ireland and the fourth smallest in the United Kingdom.
Eamhain Mhacha (or Navan Fort) at the city's edge, is believed to have been used as an ancient pagan ritual or ceremonial site. According to Irish mythology it was once the capital of Ulster, until it was abandoned during the 1st century. The site was named after the goddess Macha, and as the settlement grew on the hills nearby, it was also named after the goddess — Ard Mhacha means "Macha's height". This name was later anglicised as Ardmagh, which eventually became Armagh.
wn.com/Armagh -
Bangor, Gwynedd
Coordinates: 53°13′41″N 4°07′41″W / 53.228°N 4.128°W / 53.228; -4.128
Bangor is a city in Gwynedd unitary authority, north west Wales, and one of the smallest cities in Britain. It is a university city with a population of 13,725 at the 2001 census, not including around 10,000 students at Bangor University. It is one of only six places classed as a city in Wales, although it is only the 36th largest urban area by population. According to the 2001 census, 46.6% of the non-student resident population speak Welsh, which is low for Gwynedd but despite this, the language keeps a high profile in town. Bangor has been called "The Athens of Wales".
The origins of the city date back to the founding of a monastic establishment on the site of Bangor Cathedral by the Celtic saint Deiniol in the early 6th century AD. The name 'Bangor' itself is an old Welsh word for a type of fenced-in enclosure, such as was originally surrounded the cathedral site. The present cathedral is a somewhat more recent building and has been extensively modified throughout the centuries.
wn.com/Bangor,_Gwynedd -
Barlaston
Coordinates: 52°56′45″N 2°09′30″W / 52.9457°N 2.1583°W / 52.9457; -2.1583
Barlaston is a village and civil parish in the borough of Stafford in the county of Staffordshire, England. It is roughly halfway between the city of Stoke-on-Trent and the small town of Stone. According to the 2001 census the population of the parish was 2,659.
The old parish church of Saint John is sited on the edge of the Wedgwood estate. It was built to the design of C. Lynam in 1886-8, retaining the west tower from the original medieval building, with the subsequent addition of a vestry in 1969. In 1981 the building had to be closed owing to mining subsidence and a temporary building next to the church took its place until the new church was built on Green Lane.
Wedgwood moved their pottery manufacturing business from Etruria, Staffordshire to a large modern factory in a new village in the north of the parish. The factory was planned in 1936 and built in 1938-40 to the designs of Keith Murray who was also a designer of Wedgwood pottery. The factory has a tourist visitor centre and has its own car-parks and a bus station. Wedgwood railway station was opened for the factory in 1940 but closed in 2004. Nearby is Barlaston Hall c1756 by Sir Robert Taylor (architect) and at one time a Wedgwood family home.
wn.com/Barlaston -
Bath, Somerset
Coordinates: 51°23′N 2°22′W / 51.38°N 2.36°W / 51.38; -2.36
Bath ( /ˈbɑːθ/ or /ˈbæθ/) is a city in the ceremonial county of Somerset in the south west of England. It is situated 97 miles (156 km) west of London and 13 miles (21 km) south-east of Bristol. The population of the city is 83,992. It was granted city status by Royal Charter by Queen Elizabeth I in 1590, and was made a county borough in 1889 which gave it administrative independence from its county, Somerset. The city became part of Avon when that county was created in 1974. Since 1996, when Avon was abolished, Bath has been the principal centre of the unitary authority of Bath and North East Somerset (B&NES).
The city was first established as a spa with the Latin name, Aquae Sulis ("the waters of Sulis") by the Romans in AD 43, although verbal tradition suggests that Bath was known before then. They built baths and a temple on the surrounding hills of Bath in the valley of the River Avon around hot springs.Edgar was crowned king of England at Bath Abbey in 973. Much later, it became popular as a spa town during the Georgian era, which led to a major expansion that left a heritage of exemplary Georgian architecture crafted from Bath Stone.
wn.com/Bath,_Somerset -
Belfast
Coordinates: 54°35′49″N 5°55′48″W / 54.597°N 5.930°W / 54.597; -5.930
Belfast (from Irish: Béal Feirste, meaning "mouth of the shoal") is the capital of and largest city in Northern Ireland. By population, it is the fourteenth largest city in the United Kingdom and second largest on the island of Ireland. It is the seat of the devolved government and legislative Northern Ireland Assembly. The city of Belfast has a population of 267,500 and lies at the heart of the Belfast urban area, which has a population of 579,276. The Larger Urban Zone, as defined by the European Union, has a total population 641,638. Belfast was granted city status in 1888.
Historically, Belfast has been a centre for the Irish linen industry (earning the nickname "Linenopolis"), tobacco production, rope-making and shipbuilding: the city's main shipbuilders, Harland and Wolff, which built the well-known RMS Titanic, propelled Belfast on to the global stage in the early 20th century as the biggest and most productive shipyard in the world. Belfast played a key role in the Industrial Revolution, establishing its place as a global industrial centre until the latter half of the 20th century. Industrialisation and the inward migration it brought made Belfast, if briefly, the biggest city in Ireland at the turn of the 20th century and the city's industrial and economic success was cited by Ulster unionist opponents of Home Rule as a reason why Ireland should shun devolution and later why Ulster in particular would fight to resist it.
wn.com/Belfast -
Bentilee
Coordinates: 53°00′46″N 2°07′35″W / 53.0129°N 2.1263°W / 53.0129; -2.1263
Bentilee is a suburb and housing estate in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire situated between Hanley and Longton, and parallel with Fenton, Staffordshire.
Built in the 1950s, Bentilee was at that time one of the largest estates in Europe, with around 4,500 properties. The streets in the area are named after various places in the UK e.g. Winchester Ave, Chelmsford Dr, and Devonshire Sq.
Originally, it consisted almost wholly of social housing, managed by the City Council. The Right to Buy Act brought in by the Conservative government of the 1980s led to many of the semi-detached houses that make up most of the housing stock in the area being bought by their tenants, so that now approximately 25% of local houses are privately owned.
In the 1990s, the estate's 925 'cottage flats' were transferred to the management of Bentilee Community Housing Limited (now called EPIC), under the Estates Action scheme that provided government funding to bring the properties up to a modern standard with many receiving new kitchens, new bathrooms, central heating, double-glazing, and rewiring.
wn.com/Bentilee -
Berryhill Fields
Berryhill Fields is 68 hectares of grassland in the heart of Stoke-on-Trent, between the housing estates of Bentilee & Berryhill and the town of Fenton, Staffordshire.
It was the subject of a £2Million regeneration project for the Millennium, managed by Groundwork Stoke, as part of the nationwide Changing Places programme, that included creating new pathways to facilitate access for people with disabilities, creating a number of art features, and funding a series of archaeological excavations on the site of a 13th century moated manor house, dubbed Lawn Farm Manor, sited on the Fields.
Coordinates: 53°00′55″N 2°08′38″W / 53.015267°N 2.143803°W / 53.015267; -2.143803
wn.com/Berryhill_Fields -
Biddulph
Coordinates: 53°06′52″N 2°10′24″W / 53.1145°N 2.1732°W / 53.1145; -2.1732
Biddulph is a town in Staffordshire, England, north of Stoke-on-Trent and south east of Congleton, Cheshire.
Biddulph's name may come from Anglo-Saxon bī dylfe = "beside the pit or quarry". Some have said[weasel words] that the name Biddulph is a corruption of the Saxon Bidulfe, signifying Wolf Slayer, and as a result the Biddulph family crest is a wolf rampant.
In common with other parts of the area administered by Staffordshire LEA, the Middle School system operates in Biddulph.
Biddulph has one high school (ages 13 to 16) with a sixth form (ages 16 to 18). Called Biddulph High School, it was awarded Sports College status in 2002. It has since gained Technology College status. Biddulph also has two middle schools: Woodhouse Middle School and James Bateman Junior High School (formerly Park Middle School), serving pupils aged 9–13. These are fed by several first schools, such as Kingsfield First School, Knypersley First School, Squirrel Hayes First School, Oxhey First School, and several more.
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Birmingham
Birmingham (i/ˈbɜrmɪŋəm/ BUR-ming-əm, locally /ˈbɜrmɪŋɡəm/ BUR-ming-gəm) is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. It is the most populous British city outside the capital London, with a population of 1,036,900 (2010 estimate), and lies at the heart of the West Midlands conurbation, the second most populous urban area in the United Kingdom with a population of 2,284,093 (2001 census). Birmingham's metropolitan area is also the United Kingdom's second most populous with a population of 3,683,000.
A medium-sized market town during the medieval period, Birmingham grew to international prominence in the 18th century at the heart of the Midlands Enlightenment and subsequent Industrial Revolution, which saw the town at the forefront of worldwide developments in science, technology and economic organisation, producing a series of innovations that laid many of the foundations of modern industrial society. By 1791 it was being hailed as "the first manufacturing town in the world". Birmingham's distinctive economic profile, with thousands of small workshops practising a wide variety of specialised and highly-skilled trades, encouraged exceptional levels of creativity and innovation and provided a diverse and resilient economic base for industrial prosperity that was to last into the final quarter of the 20th century. Its resulting high level of social mobility also fostered a culture of broad-based political radicalism, that under leaders from Thomas Attwood to Joseph Chamberlain was to give it a political influence unparalleled in Britain outside London and a pivotal role in the development of British democracy.
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Blackpool
Blackpooli/ˈblækpuːl/ is a borough, seaside town, and unitary authority area of Lancashire, in North West England. It is situated along England's west coast by the Irish Sea, between the Ribble and Wyre estuaries, 17.5 miles (28.2 km) northwest of Preston, 27 miles (43 km) north of Liverpool, 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Bolton and 40 miles (64 km) northwest of Manchester. It has an estimated population of 140,000, making it the third most populous settlement in North West England after Manchester and Liverpool, and a population density that makes it the fourth most densely populated borough of England and Wales outside Greater London.
Throughout the Middle Ages and Early Modern period, Blackpool was a coastal hamlet in Lancashire's Hundred of Amounderness, and remained such until the mid-18th century when it became fashionable in England to travel to the coast during the summer to bathe in sea water to improve well-being. In 1781, visitors attracted to Blackpool's 7-mile (11 km) sandy beach were able to use a newly built private road, built by Thomas Clifton and Sir Henry Hoghton. Stagecoaches began running to Blackpool from Manchester in the same year, and from Halifax in 1782. In the early 19th century, Henry Banks and his son-in-law John Cocker erected new buildings in Blackpool such that its population grew from less than 500 in 1801 to over 2,500 in 1851. St John's Church in Blackpool was consecrated in 1821.
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Blue Peter
Blue Peter is the world's longest-running children's television show, having first aired in 1958. It is shown on CBBC, both in its BBC One programming block and on the CBBC channel. During its history there have been many presenters, often consisting of two women and two men at a time. The show uses a studio for the main format of the presenting; there is also a garden, often referred to as 'The Blue Peter Garden', that is used during the summer months or used when they are showing any outside activities. The current presenters are Helen Skelton and Barney Harwood.
On 29 March 2011, Blue Peter became the first programme in the UK to broadcast an entire show in 360 degrees on the web. Viewers were able to watch the programme via their TVs and simultaneously interact with the television studio in front and behind the cameras on the website. Viewers were also challenged to play a game where they had to find particular crew members and staff dressed up in distinctive costumes. On 16 May 2012, the BBC announced that they would no longer broadcast children's TV on BBC one and the show would only be seen on CBBC.
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Blurton
Blurton is a small town in Stoke on Trent, North Staffordshire.
Blurton has one secondary school, Ormiston Sir Stanley Matthews Academy, a specialist in Maths and Business and Enterprise.
Coordinates: 52°58′55″N 2°09′25″W / 52.982°N 2.157°W / 52.982; -2.157
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Blythe Bridge
Coordinates: 52°58′13″N 2°04′15″W / 52.9704°N 2.0709°W / 52.9704; -2.0709
Blythe Bridge is a village situated in the Staffordshire Moorlands District, although it is effectively a south-eastern suburb of the city of Stoke-on-Trent.
Blythe Bridge is so called as it is built around the site of a bridge over the River Blithe (spelt differently to the name of the village itself), a small river which passes directly through the village.
It has a high school, sixth form college and library, as well as two public houses: The Black Cock on Uttoxeter Road and The Duke of Wellington. The Smithfield and The White Cock are now demolished. The village also has range of services available including a bakery, post office, mortgage shop betting shop, newsagents, motor garage, dentist, GP surgery, shoeshop, a few hairdressers and some fast-food outlets. The library, which is joined to Blythe Bridge High School, doubles as a youth centre.
Train services are available at Blythe Bridge railway station, which was opened by the North Staffordshire Railway on August 7, 1848, on the Crewe to Derby railway line. The station buildings and signal box have been demolished.
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Borough of Halton
Halton is a local government district in North West England, with borough status and administered by a unitary authority. It was created in 1974 as a district of Cheshire, and became a unitary authority area on 1 April 1998. It consists of the towns of Widnes and Runcorn and the civil parishes of Hale, Daresbury, Moore, Preston Brook, Halebank and Sandymoor. The district borders Merseyside, Warrington and Cheshire West and Chester. The borough straddles the River Mersey - the area to the north (including Widnes) is historically part of Lancashire, that to the south (including Runcorn) part of Cheshire.
Although Halton dates back to the 12th century (and beyond) when land on both sides of the river belonged to the Barony of Halton, the origin of the District Council was the outcome of the local government commission's suggested reforms of England, in 1969, the Redcliffe-Maud Report. This proposed to create metropolitan counties constituted of Metropolitan District Councils in the most urbanised parts of England. The model was that of the London Boroughs and Greater London Council formed in 1964. South Lancashire and North Cheshire were two of these and two new Metropolitan Counties were to be formed around Liverpool (as 'Merseyside' county) and Manchester/Salford (as 'Greater Manchester' county.) however, the towns of Widnes and Runcorn (and the County Borough of Warrington) which lay between these were reluctant to join either. The Commission agreed that the Halton group and Warrington were to become District Councils within Cheshire, as they were detached from Lancashire by the two new Metropolitan Counties controlling the territory to the north. However, the Metropolitan Counties ceased as local government units (along with the GLC) in 1984 and any remaining powers were devolved to the constituent Metropolitan Districts which cooperated over joint police authorities and fire services.
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Bracknell Forest
Coordinates: 51°25′01″N 0°44′49″W / 51.417°N 0.7469°W / 51.417; -0.7469
Bracknell Forest is one of six unitary authorities within Berkshire in southern England. It covers the two towns of Bracknell and Sandhurst as well as surrounding villages including Crowthorne and Binfield. It also includes the areas of North Ascot, Warfield and Winkfield. Parts of the borough border neighbouring boroughs such as Wokingham Borough Council and the Royal Borough of Windsor & Maidenhead. The south of the borough also borders onto Hampshire and Surrey.
Bracknell Forest was formed on 1 April 1974, as the non-metropolitan district of Bracknell. The district took on the territory of the former Easthampstead Rural District (in which the Bracknell new town had been developed). It changed its name in May 1988, at the same time as it was granted borough status.
On 1 April 1998, Berkshire County Council was abolished, as a consequence of the Banham Review, and Bracknell Forest Borough Council became a unitary authority. From 2008, references to 'borough' were phased out in favour of simply Bracknell Forest Council.
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Bradford
Coordinates: 53°48′00″N 1°45′07″W / 53.8000°N 1.75206°W / 53.8000; -1.75206
Bradford (i/ˈbrædfəd/) lies at the heart of the City of Bradford, a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, in Northern England. It is situated in the foothills of the Pennines, 8.6 miles (13.8 km) west of Leeds, and 16 miles (25.7 km) northwest of Wakefield. Bradford became a municipal borough in 1847, and received its charter as a city in 1897. Following local government reform in 1974, city status was bestowed upon the wider metropolitan borough.
Bradford has a population of 293,717, making it the fourteenth-most populous settlement in the United Kingdom. Bradford forms part of the West Yorkshire Urban Area conurbation which in 2001 had a population of 1.5 million and is part of the Leeds-Bradford Larger Urban Zone (LUZ), the third largest in the UK after London and Manchester, with an estimated population in the 2004 Urban Audit of 2.4 million.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Bradford rose to prominence during the 19th century as an international centre of textile manufacture, particularly wool. It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and amongst the earliest industrialised settlements, rapidly becoming the "wool capital of the world". The area's access to a supply of coal, iron ore and soft water facilitated the growth of Bradford's manufacturing base, which, as textile manufacture grew, led to an explosion in population and was a stimulus to civic investment; Bradford has fine Victorian architecture including the grand Italianate City Hall.
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Brighton and Hove
Brighton and Hove is a unitary authority area and city on the south coast of England. It is England's most populous seaside resort. The major part of the city consists of Brighton, with around 155,000 people of the total population of 251,000. Consequently, people usually refer to the city as just "Brighton". Brighton and Hove's urban area has a population of over 450,000 people. The city is famous for its history as a seaside town, and more recently for its reputation of having a large gay community. The city is also famous for its football team, Brighton & Hove Albion FC (commonly known as just "Brighton" or "Albion"). They currently play in the Football League Championship at the Amex Stadium, opened in 2011.
In 1997, the two large towns of Brighton and Hove were joined to form the unitary authority of Brighton and Hove, which was granted city status by Queen Elizabeth II as part of the millennium celebrations in 2000.
Brighton and Hove forms part of the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation, the 12th largest conurbation in the United Kingdom. Along this area of the south coast, there is little or no gap of countryside between these large towns and city. Directly to the west is Southwick and then Shoreham-by-Sea, and a short distance to the east are Peacehaven and Newhaven. The city, district and urban areas of Brighton and Hove have the biggest populations in the South East England region.
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Bristol
Bristoli/ˈbrɪstəl/ is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, with an estimated population of 433,100 for the unitary authority in 2009, and a surrounding Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) with an estimated 1,070,000 residents in 2007. It is England's sixth and the United Kingdom's eighth most populous city, one of the group of English Core Cities and the most populous city in South West England.
Historically within Gloucestershire, the city received a Royal Charter in 1155 and was granted County status in 1373. From the 13th century, for half a millennium, it ranked amongst the top three English cities after London, alongside York and Norwich, on the basis of tax receipts, until the rapid rise of Liverpool, Birmingham and Manchester during the Industrial Revolution in the latter part of the 18th century. It borders the counties of Somerset and Gloucestershire, and is also located near the historic cities of Bath to the south east and Gloucester to the north. The city is built around the River Avon, and it also has a short coastline on the Severn Estuary, which flows into the Bristol Channel.
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Burntwood
Coordinates: 52°40′59″N 1°55′12″W / 52.6831°N 1.9200°W / 52.6831; -1.9200
Burntwood is a town in Staffordshire, England, lying in the Cannock Chase area approximately 4 miles (6 km) west of Lichfield. The town had a population of 25,674 at the time of the 2001 census and forms part of Lichfield district. The town forms one of the largest urbanised parishes in England. Samuel Johnson opened an academy in nearby Edial in 1736. The town is home to the smallest park in the UK, Prince's park, which is located next to Christ Church on the junction of Farewell Lane and Church Road. The town expanded in the nineteenth century around the coal mining industry.
Areas of Burntwood are Boney Hay, Chase Terrace, Chasetown, Gorstey Lea and Burntwood Green. Nearby places are Brownhills, Cannock, Cannock Wood, Norton Canes, Gentleshaw, Hammerwich and Lichfield.
In September 2009 it was announced that a Burntwood man, Terry Herbert, had discovered a hoard of Saxon treasure with a metal detector in a field in the adjoining village of Hammerwich. Known as the Staffordshire Hoard, it is the largest hoard of Anglo-Saxon gold yet found.
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Burslem
Coordinates: 53°02′33″N 2°11′16″W / 53.042621°N 2.187889°W / 53.042621; -2.187889
The town of Burslem, known as the Mother Town, is one of the six towns that amalgamated to form the current city of Stoke-on-Trent, in the ceremonial county of Staffordshire, in the Midlands of England.
Burslem is sited on the eastern ridge of the Fowlea Valley, the Fowlea being one of the main early tributaries of the River Trent. Burslem embraces the areas of Middleport, Dalehall, Longport, Westport, Trubshaw Cross, and Brownhills. The Trent & Mersey Canal cuts through, to the west and south of the town centre. A little further west, the West Coast Main Line railway and the A500 road run in parallel, forming a distinct boundary between Burslem and the abutting middle-class town of Newcastle-under-Lyme. To the south is Grange Park and Festival Park, reclaimed by the Stoke-on-Trent Garden Festival.
The Domesday Book shows Burslem (listed as Bacardeslim) as a small farming hamlet; strategically sited above a vital ford (crossing) at Longport, part of the major pack horse track out of the Peak District and Staffordshire Moorlands to the Liverpool/London road. As far back as the late 12th century a thriving pottery industry existed, based on the fine & abundant local clays. After the Black Death, Burslem emerges in the records as a medieval town - the 1536 stone church is still standing and in use. Until the mid-1760s Burslem was relatively cut off from the rest of England; it had no navigable river nearby, and there were no good & reliable roads. By 1777 the Trent and Mersey Canal was nearing completion, and the roads had markedly improved. The town boomed on the back of fine pottery production & canals, and became known as 'The Mother Town' of the six towns that make up the city. In 1910 the town was federated into the county borough of Stoke-on-Trent, and the borough was granted city status in 1925.
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Burton upon Trent
Coordinates: 52°47′58″N 1°38′17″W / 52.7995°N 1.6380°W / 52.7995; -1.6380
Burton upon Trent, also known as Burton-on-Trent or simply Burton, is a town straddling the River Trent in the east of Staffordshire, England. The demonym for residents of the town is "Burtonian". Burton, which had an estimated population of 43,784 (2001 Census), lies within the National Forest.
Burton is best known for its brewing industrial heritage, home to over a dozen breweries in its heyday. Beer is still brewed in the town. The town originally grew up around Burton on Trent Abbey, which was the most important religious centre in medieval Staffordshire. Burton Bridge also became an important crossing point of the Trent and was the site of two battles, first in 1322 when Edward III defeated the rebel Earl of Lancaster and also in 1643 when the royalists captured the town during the First English Civil War. Sir William Paget and his descendents were responsible for extending the manor house within the abbey grounds and facilitating the extension of the River Trent Navigation to Burton. Burton had grown into a busy market town by the early modern period. There is some confusion as to whether Burton is based in the West Midlands or the East Midlands, even though all of the urban centre is southwest of the River Dove, which forms the Derbyshire/Staffordshire boundary. This is probably because it was formerly within the East Midlands Utility (electricity/gas) areas, and has Derby postcodes (DE13-DE15). It could also be due to the fact that the local vernacular shares more similarities with that of East Midlands English than West Midlands English. The town is served by the BBC Midlands (West Midlands) region, based in Birmingham and before consolidation exercises formed part of the ITV Central (West) region, again based in Birmingham The town is served by Burton-on-Trent railway station.
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Butt Lane
Coordinates: 53°05′06″N 2°15′41″W / 53.085°N 2.2613°W / 53.085; -2.2613
Butt Lane is a suburb of Kidsgrove in the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme, North Staffordshire.
It is also the birthplace of Reginald Mitchell designer of the RAF's WW2 fighter the Spitfire. The Suffragette, Ada Nield Chew was born at White Hall Farm, Butt Lane in 1870.
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Caldon Canal
The Caldon Canal (or more properly, the Caldon Branch of the Trent & Mersey Canal), opened in 1779, runs 18 miles from Etruria, in Stoke-on-Trent where it leaves the Trent and Mersey Canal at the summit level, to Froghall, Staffordshire. The canal has 17 locks and the 69 metre long Froghall Tunnel.
The first plans by the proprietors of the Trent & Mersey Canal Company to construct a canal from the summit level to Leek were considered in January 1773. This would have been a tub-boat canal, as the boats were designed to carry just 5 tons, and rather than using locks, inclined planes were to be used at points where the level of the canal needed to change. Two more plans were considered, and the third included extra reservoirs which would supply the summit level of the existing main line. At a similar time, an independent company was planning a link to Leek, but the Trent & Mersey managed to block this. Having secured contracts with several owners of limestone quarries in the Caldon Low area, the company sought an Act of Parliament to authorise construction of the new works, which it obtained in May 1776.
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Cambridge
The city of Cambridge (i/ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/ KAYM-brij) is a university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire, England. It lies in East Anglia, on the River Cam, about 50 miles (80 km) north of London. According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, its population was 108,863 (including 22,153 students), and was estimated to be 125,717 in mid-2010. There is archaeological evidence of settlement in the area in bronze age and Roman times, and under Viking rule Cambridge became an important trading centre. The first town charters were granted in the 12th century, although city status was not conferred until 1951.
Cambridge is most widely known as the home of the University of Cambridge, founded in 1209 and consistently ranked one of the top five universities in the world. The university includes the renowned Cavendish Laboratory, King's College Chapel, and the Cambridge University Library. The Cambridge skyline is dominated by the last two buildings, along with the chimney of Addenbrooke's Hospital in the far south of the city and St John's College Chapel tower.
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Cannock
Coordinates: 52°41′17″N 2°01′44″W / 52.688°N 2.029°W / 52.688; -2.029
Cannock is the most populous of three towns in the district of Cannock Chase in the central southern part of the county of Staffordshire in the West Midlands region of England.
Cannock lies to the north of the West Midlands conurbation on the M6, A34 and A5 roads, and to the south of Cannock Chase, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). Cannock is served by a railway station on the Chase Line.
Cannock had a 2010 mid-year estimated population of 27,883 (from the estimated headcounts of its four district council electoral wards). The Cannock South ward includes the civil parish of Bridgtown, but the rest of Cannock is unparished.
Cannock is part of Cannock Chase District's largest built-up area. The area is covered by nine district council electoral wards and part of another ward whose estimated population in 2001 was 60,814.
Cannock is also part of a wider built-up area which includes parts of South Staffordshire District. This is the Cannock/Great Wyrley Urban Area which had a population of 83,797.
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Cardiff
Cardiff (i/ˈkɑrdɪf/; Welsh: Caerdydd (info) Welsh pronunciation: [kairˈdiːð, kaˑɨrˈdɨːð]) is the capital and largest city in Wales and the 10th largest city in the United Kingdom. The city is Wales' chief commercial centre, the base for most national cultural and sporting institutions, the Welsh national media, and the seat of the National Assembly for Wales. The unitary authority area's mid 2010 population was estimated to be 341,054, while the population of the Larger Urban Zone was estimated at 861,400 in 2009. Cardiff is a significant tourism centre and the most popular visitor destination in Wales with 18.3 million visitors in 2010. In 2011, Cardiff was ranked 6th in the world in National Geographic's alternative tourist destinations.
The city of Cardiff is the county town of the historic county of Glamorgan (and later South Glamorgan). Cardiff is part of the Eurocities network of the largest European cities. The Cardiff Urban Area covers a slightly larger area outside of the county boundary, and includes the towns of Dinas Powys and Penarth. A small town until the early 19th century, its prominence as a major port for the transport of coal following the arrival of industry in the region contributed to its rise as a major city.
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Central Bedfordshire
Central Bedfordshire is a unitary authority in the ceremonial county of Bedfordshire, England. It was created from the merger of Bedfordshire County Council, Mid Bedfordshire and South Bedfordshire on 1 April 2009. The unitary council provides over a hundred services to 120,000 homes and over a quarter of a million people.
Since 1974, Bedfordshire had been governed as a shire county, mostly under the control of Bedfordshire County Council. It was divided into three local government districts, Bedford Borough, Mid Bedfordshire, and South Bedfordshire. Luton Borough became a unitary authority in 1997.
In 2006 the Department for Communities and Local Government considered reorganising Bedfordshire's administrative structure as part of the 2009 structural changes to local government in England. The four proposals considered were:
On 6 March 2008 the DCLG decided to implement Proposal 2. This meant that from 1 April 2009 there would be three unitary authorities in Bedfordshire: Bedford, Luton and the new Central Bedfordshire. Bedfordshire County Council initially challenged this decision in the High Court, but on 4 April 2008 it was announced the Judicial Review in the High Court had been unsuccessful, and the County Council declared they would not be appealing the decision.
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Ceramica
Ceramica was a museum in Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent, which explored the history of the area's pottery industry. It was located in the former Burslem Town Hall.
Exhibits included displays about ceramics manufacturers Wade Ceramics, Royal Doulton, Sadlers, Dudson, Steelite, Royal Stafford, Moorland, Burleigh Pottery, Moorcroft and Cobridge Stoneware. There were interactive displays and video presentations for children on ceramic history and local history.
The museum was set up using National Lottery money from the Millennium Commission. In March 2011 the museum closed after its Stoke-on-Trent City Council funding was withdrawn, due to government funding cuts. Some of the exhibits were transferred to other locations and the future of Burslem town hall is being reviewed.
Coordinates: 53°02′44″N 2°11′53″W / 53.04556°N 2.19806°W / 53.04556; -2.19806
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Chatterley Whitfield
Chatterley Whitfield Colliery is a disused coal-mine on the outskirts of Chell in Stoke-on-Trent. It was the largest in North Staffordshire, and was the first colliery to produce 1,000,000 tons of saleable coal in a year.
In 1974 it was decided that Chatterley Whitfield coal could be more easily worked from Wolstanton Colliery and an underground roadway was driven to join the two pits. In 1976 coal drawing at Chatterley Whitfield came to an end. Two years later, a Trust was formed to establish the Chatterley Whitfield Mining Museum. The Museum, which offered an underground tour to visitors, operated for twelve years, but finally closed in August 1991 because of drainage problems. The site was then declared a local nature reserve in 1991 and a Scheduled Monument by English Heritage in 1993
The Chatterley Whitfield Partnership was set up in 1999 between English Heritage, Stoke-on-Trent City Council, Advantage West Midlands and Joan Walley MP to find a way to restore the derelict colliery.
Coordinates: 53°04′35″N 2°10′31″W / 53.0764°N 2.1752°W / 53.0764; -2.1752
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Cheshire
Cheshire ( /ˈtʃɛʃər/ or /ˈtʃɛʃɪər/; also known as the County Palatine of Chester, and archaically, as the County of Chester; abbreviated Ches.) is a ceremonial county in North West England. Cheshire's county town is the city of Chester, although the largest town since county boundary changes in 1974 is Warrington (moved from Lancashire for administrative purposes in 1974). Other major towns include Widnes (also moved from Lancashire in 1974), Congleton, Crewe, Ellesmere Port, Runcorn, Macclesfield, Winsford, Northwich, and Wilmslow. Historically the county contained the Wirral, Stockport, Altrincham and other towns. The county is bordered by Merseyside and Greater Manchester to the north, Derbyshire to the east, Staffordshire and Shropshire to the south, and Flintshire and Wrexham in Wales to the west. The county is a part of the Welsh Marches.
Cheshire's area is 2,343 square kilometres (905 sq mi) and its population is around 700,000. Apart from the large towns along the River Mersey and the historic city of Chester, it is mostly rural, with a number of small towns and villages that support an agricultural industry. It is historically famous as a former principality and for the production of Cheshire cheese, salt, bulk chemicals, and woven silk.
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Cheshire Plain
The Cheshire Plain is a relatively flat expanse of lowland situated almost entirely within the county of Cheshire in north-west England. It is bounded by the hills of north Wales to the west, and the Peak District of Derbyshire and North Staffordshire to the east and south-east. The Wirral Peninsula lies to the north-west whilst the plain merges with the South Lancashire Plain in the embayment occupied by Manchester to the north. In detail, the plain comprises two areas with distinct characters, the one to the west of the Mid Cheshire Ridge and the other, larger, part to its east.
The Plain is the surface expression of the Cheshire Basin, a deep sedimentary basin that extends north into Lancashire and south into Shropshire. It assumed its current form as the ice-sheets of the last ice age melted away between 20,000 and 15,000 years ago leaving behind a thick cover of glacial till and extensive tracts of glacio-fluvial sand and gravel.
The primary agricultural use of the Cheshire Plain is dairy farming, creating the general appearance of enclosed hedgerow fields.
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Chester
Coordinates: 53°11′33″N 2°53′30″W / 53.1926°N 2.8918°W / 53.1926; -2.8918
Chester ( /ˈtʃɛstər/ CHESS-tər), is a city in Cheshire, England. Lying on the River Dee, close to the border with Wales, it is home to 80,121 inhabitants, and is the largest and most populous settlement of the wider unitary authority area of Cheshire West and Chester, which had a population of 328,100 according to the 2001 Census. Chester was granted city status in 1541.
Chester was founded as a "castrum" or Roman fort with the name Deva Victrix in the year 79 by the Roman Legio II Adiutrix during the reign of the Emperor Vespasian. Chester's four main roads, Eastgate, Northgate, Watergate and Bridge, follow routes laid out at this time – almost 2,000 years ago. One of the three main Roman army bases, Deva later became a major settlement in the Roman province of Britannia. After the Romans left in the 5th century, the Saxons fortified the town against the Danes and gave Chester its name. The patron saint of Chester, Werburgh, is buried in Chester Cathedral.
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Chichester
Coordinates: 50°50′11″N 0°46′45″W / 50.83652°N 0.77918°W / 50.83652; -0.77918
Chichester ( /ˈtʃɪtʃɨstə/; Sussex dialect: Chiddester /ˈtʃɪdɨstə/) is a cathedral city in West Sussex, within the historic County of Sussex, South-East England. It has a long history as a settlement; its Roman past and its subsequent importance in Anglo-Saxon times are only its beginnings. It is the seat of a bishopric, with a 12th century cathedral, and is home to some of the oldest churches and buildings in Great Britain.
Chichester today is a local government stronghold, with three levels of government being administered there. It is also a transport hub, and the centre for culture in the region, with a Festival theatre and two art galleries. Nearby Chichester Harbour, together with the South Downs and the city walls, provide opportunities for outdoor pursuits.
The area around Chichester is believed to have played significant part during the Roman Invasion of A.D 43, as confirmed by evidence of military storage structures in the area of the nearby Fishbourne Roman Palace. The city centre stands on the foundations of the Romano-British city of Noviomagus Reginorum, capital of the Civitas Reginorum. The Roman road of Stane Street, connecting the city with London, started at the east gate, while the Chichester to Silchester road started from the north gate. The plan of the city is inherited from the Romans: the North, South, East and West shopping streets radiate from the central market cross dating from medieval times.
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City of Lancaster
The City of Lancaster ( /ˈlæŋkəstər/), is a local government district of Lancashire, England, with the status of a city and non-metropolitan district. It is named after its largest settlement, Lancaster, but covers a far larger area which includes the towns of Morecambe, Heysham, and Carnforth, as well as outlying villages, farms and rural hinterland. The city has a population of 133,914, and an area of 222 square miles (575 km2).
The current city boundaries were set as part of the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, and cover an amalgamation of five former local government districts—the municipal boroughs of Lancaster and Morecambe and Heysham, together with the Carnforth Urban District and rural districts of Lancaster and Lunesdale, all from the administrative county of Lancashire.
The higher tier of local government is Lancashire County Council. At a lower level, there are many parish councils. There is a List of civil parishes in the district.
The district comprises two parliamentary constituencies: Lancaster and Fleetwood and Morecambe and Lunesdale. In the 2010 General Election both seats were won by the Conservatives.
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City of Leeds
Coordinates: 53°47′59″N 1°32′57″W / 53.79972°N 1.54917°W / 53.79972; -1.54917 The City of Leeds is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England, governed by Leeds City Council, with the status of a city and metropolitan borough. The metropolitan district includes Leeds and the towns of Farsley, Garforth, Guiseley, Horsforth, Morley, Otley, Pudsey, Rothwell, Wetherby and Yeadon. It has a population of 798,800 (2010 est.) and is the second largest local government district in England by population; and the second largest metropolitan district by area.
The current city boundaries were set on 1 April 1974 by the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, as part a reform of local government in England. The city is a merger of eleven former local government districts; the unitary City and County Borough of Leeds combined with the municipal boroughs of Morley and Pudsey, the urban districts of Aireborough, Garforth, Horsforth, Otley and Rothwell, and parts of the rural districts of Tadcaster, Wharfedale and Wetherby from the West Riding of Yorkshire.
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City of London
The City of London is an area in central London, England. In the medieval period it constituted most of London, but the conurbation has grown far beyond it. As the City’s boundaries have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages, it is now only a tiny part of the metropolis, though it remains a notable part of central London, holds city status in its own right, and is a separate ceremonial county.
It is often referred to as the City (often written on maps as "City") or the Square Mile, as it is just over one square mile (1.12 sq mi/2.90 km2) in area. These terms are also often used as metonyms for the United Kingdom's financial services industry, which continues a notable history of being based in the City.
The term London now refers to a much larger conurbation roughly corresponding to Greater London, a local government area which includes 32 London boroughs including the City of Westminster as well as the City of London. The local authority for the City, the City of London Corporation, is unique in the United Kingdom, and has some unusual responsibilities for a local authority in Britain, such as being the police authority for the City. It also has responsibilities and ownerships beyond the City's boundaries. The Corporation is headed by the Lord Mayor of the City of London, an office separate from (and much older than) the Mayor of London.
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City of St Albans
The City of St Albans /sɨnt ˈɔːlbənz/, also known as the City and District of St Albans or District of St Albans, is a local government district, in Hertfordshire, England. It was created in 1974 and since then has held the status of non-metropolitan district and city. The local authority is St Albans City Council. It has routes to the M1 motorway via the A414 road (formerly the M10 motorway), and rail routes to London St Pancras and Watford via St Albans City railway station and St Albans Abbey railway station respectively.
The district includes St Albans (population c. 58,000), Harpenden (population c. 27,600), the parishes of Colney Heath, Harpenden Rural, London Colney, Redbourn, St Michael's, St Stephen's (including the villages of Chiswell Green and Bricket Wood), Sandridge and Wheathampstead. Nearby places outside the district include Hatfield to the east, Welwyn Garden City to the northeast, Luton and Dunstable to the northwest, Hemel Hempstead to the west, Watford to the southwest and Borehamwood to the south.
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City of Westminster
The City of Westminsteri/ˈwɛstmɪnstə/ is a London borough occupying much of the central area of London, England, including most of the West End. It is located to the west of and adjoining the ancient City of London, directly to the east of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, and its southern boundary is the River Thames. It is an Inner London borough and was created in 1965 when Greater London was established. At its creation Westminster was awarded city status, which had been previously held by the smaller Metropolitan Borough of Westminster. Aside from a number of large parks and open spaces, the population density of the district is high. Many sites commonly associated with London are located in the borough, including Buckingham Palace, the Houses of Parliament, and 10 Downing Street. The borough is divided into a number of localities including the ancient political district of Westminster around the Palace of Westminster; the shopping areas around Oxford Street, Regent Street, Piccadilly and Bond Street; and the night time entertainment district of Soho. Much of the borough is residential, and in 2008 it was estimated to have a population of 236,000. The local authority is Westminster City Council.
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City of Winchester
Winchester ( /ˈwɪntʃɨstər/) is a local government district in Hampshire, England, with city status. It covers an area of central Hampshire including the city of Winchester itself, and neighbouring towns and villages including New Alresford, Colden Common and Bishops Waltham.
The current city boundaries were set on 1 April 1974 when the City of Winchester merged with Droxford Rural District and part of Winchester Rural District.
Other than Gosport and Eastleigh, Winchester is the only non Unitary Authority, council District in Hampshire not to border another county and is the only one that neither borders another county nor the coast. The two Unitary Authorities in Hampshire that don't border another county are Portsmouth and Southampton, Portsmouth and Southampton are the only Unitary Authorities in Hampshire.
Elections to the council are held in three out of every four years, with one third of the seats on the council being elected at each election. From 1995 to the 2004 election the Liberal Democrats had a majority on the council, but after 2 years when no party held a majority the 2006 election saw the Conservative party gain control. The elections on 6 May 2010 saw the Liberal Democrats re take control of the council.
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Cornwall
Cornwall ( /ˈkɔrnwɔːl/ or /ˈkɔrnwəl/;Cornish: Kernow [ˈkɛrnɔʊ]; Latin: Cornubia or Cornuvia) is a unitary authority and ceremonial county of England, within the United Kingdom. It is bordered to the north and west by the Celtic Sea, to the south by the English Channel, and to the east by the county of Devon, over the River Tamar. Cornwall has a population of 537,400 and covers an area of 3,563 km2 (1,376 sq mi). The administrative centre and only city is Truro.
The area now known as Cornwall was first inhabited in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods. It continued to be occupied by Neolithic and then Bronze Age peoples, and later (in the Iron Age) by Brythons with distinctive cultural relations to neighbouring Wales and Brittany. There is little evidence that Roman rule was effective west of Exeter and few Roman remains have been found. Cornwall was a division of the Dumnonii tribe—whose tribal centre was in the modern county of Devon—known as the Cornovii, separated from Wales after the Battle of Deorham, often coming into conflict with the expanding English kingdom of Wessex before King Athelstan in AD 936 set the boundary between English and Cornish at the Tamar. From the early Middle Ages, British language and culture was apparently shared by Brythons trading across both sides of the Channel, evidenced by the corresponding high medieval Breton kingdoms of Domnonee and Cornouaille and the Celtic Christianity common to both territories.
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Coventry
Coventry (i/ˈkɒvəntri/) is a city and metropolitan borough in the county of West Midlands in England. Coventry is the 9th largest city in England and the 11th largest in the United Kingdom. It is also the second largest city in the English Midlands, after Birmingham, with a population of 300,848, although Stoke-on-Trent, Leicester and Nottingham have larger urban areas. The population of Coventry had risen to 315,800 as of 2010, according to the Office of National Statistics.
Historically within Warwickshire, Coventry is situated 95 miles (153 km) northwest of central London and 19 miles (31 km) east-southeast of Birmingham, and is further from the coast than any other city in Britain. Although harbouring a population of almost a third of a million inhabitants, Coventry is not amongst the English Core Cities Group due to its proximity to Birmingham.
Coventry was the world's first twin city when it formed a twinning relationship with the Russian city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) during World War II. The relationship developed through ordinary people in Coventry who wanted to show their support for the Soviet Red Army during the Battle of Stalingrad. The city is now also twinned with Dresden, Lidice and 23 other cities around the world.
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Derby
Derby (i/ˈdɑːbi/ DAR-bi), is a city and unitary authority in the East Midlands region of England. It lies upon the banks of the River Derwent and is located in the south of the ceremonial county of Derbyshire. In the 2001 census, the population of the city was 233,700, whilst that of the Derby Urban Area was 229,407. According to the 2001 census, Derby was at that time the 18th largest settlement in England, measured by urban area.
The city has Roman, Saxon and Viking origins.
The Roman camp of 'Derventio' was probably at Little Chester/Chester Green (grid reference SK353375); The site of the old Roman fort is at Chester Green. Later the town was one of the 'Five Boroughs' (fortified towns) of the Danelaw.
Djúra-bý, recorded in Anglo-Saxon as Deoraby "Village of the Deer". This popular belief is asserted by Tim Lambert who states, "The name Derby is derived from the Danish words deor by meaning deer settlement" without reference or proof. However some[who?] assert that it is a corruption of the original Roman name 'Derventio'. The proven origin of the name "Derby" would seem to be elusive.
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Derbyshire
Coordinates: 53°8′N 1°36′W / 53.133°N 1.6°W / 53.133; -1.6
Derbyshire (i/ˈdɑrbɨʃə/ DAR-bi-shər or /ˈdɑrbɪʃɪər/ DAR-bi-sheer; abbreviated Derbys. or Derbs.) is a county in the East Midlands of England. A substantial portion of the Peak District National Park lies within Derbyshire. The southern extremity of the Pennine range of hills extends into the north of the county. The county contains within its boundary of approximately 225 miles part of the National Forest. It borders on Greater Manchester to the northwest, West Yorkshire to the north, South Yorkshire to the northeast, Nottinghamshire to the east, Leicestershire to the southeast, Staffordshire to the west and southwest and Cheshire also to the west. In 2003 the Ordnance Survey placed Church Flatts farm, near Coton in the Elms, as the furthest point from the sea in Great Britain.
The city of Derby is now a unitary authority area, but remains part of the ceremonial county of Derbyshire. The non-metropolitan county contains 30 towns with between 10,000 and 100,000 inhabitants. There is a large amount of sparsely populated agricultural upland: 75% of the population live in 25% of the area.[citation needed]
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Derry
Coordinates: 54°59′45″N 7°18′27″W / 54.9958°N 7.3074°W / 54.9958; -7.3074
Derry or Londonderry is the second-biggest city in Northern Ireland and the fourth-biggest city on the island of Ireland. The name Derry is an anglicisation of the Irish name Doire or Doire Cholmcille, (Old Irish "Dhoire") meaning "oak-wood of Colmcille". In 1613, the city was granted a Royal Charter by King James I and the "London" prefix was added, changing the name of the city to Londonderry. While the city is more usually known as Derry, Londonderry is also used and remains the legal name.
The old walled city lies on the west bank of the River Foyle, which is spanned by two road bridges and one footbridge. The city now covers both banks (Cityside on the west and Waterside on the east). The city district also extends to rural areas to the southeast. The population of the city proper (the area defined by its 17th century charter) was 83,652 in the 2001 Census, while the Derry Urban Area had a population of 90,663. The Derry City Council area had a population of 107,300 as of June 2006. The district is administered by Derry City Council and contains both Londonderry Port and City of Derry Airport.
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Dudley
Coordinates: 52°30′43″N 2°05′45″W / 52.5119°N 2.0957°W / 52.5119; -2.0957
Dudley (i/ˈdʌdli/ DUD-lee) is a large town in the West Midlands county of England, and the administrative centre of the wider Metropolitan Borough of Dudley. At the 2001 census (according to the Office of National Statistics), the Dudley Urban Sub Area had a population of 194,919, making it the one of the largest settlements in England, the second largest town in the United Kingdom behind Reading, and the largest settlement in the UK without its own university.
Dudley is part of the West Midlands conurbation, and is located south of the city of Wolverhampton. It is the largest town in the Black Country region of England, and for many years the town (but not the castle, which was classed as part of Staffordshire) formed part of an exclave of the county of Worcestershire. Despite the more recent changes in county borders, the town still remains part of the Anglican Diocese of Worcester.
Dudley unsuccessfully bid to receive city status in 2012, losing out to Chelmsford, Perth and St. Asaph.
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Dundee
Coordinates: 56°27′50″N 2°58′12″W / 56.464°N 2.970°W / 56.464; -2.970
Dundeei/dʌnˈdiː/ (Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Dè) is the fourth-largest city in Scotland and the 38th most populous settlement in the United Kingdom. It lies within the eastern central Lowlands on the north bank of the Firth of Tay, which feeds into the North Sea. Under the name of Dundee City, it forms one of the 32 council areas used for local government in Scotland.
The town developed into a burgh in Medieval times, and expanded rapidly in the 19th century largely due to the jute industry. This, along with its other major industries gave Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism".
In mid-2008, the population of the City of Dundee was estimated to be 152,320. Dundee's recorded population reached a peak of 182,204 at the time of the 1971 census, but has since declined.
Today, Dundee is promoted as 'One City, Many Discoveries' in honour of Dundee's history of scientific activities and of the RRS Discovery, Robert Falcon Scott's Antarctic exploration vessel, which was built in Dundee and is now berthed in the city harbour. Biomedical and technological industries have arrived since the 1980s, and the city now accounts for 10% of the United Kingdom's digital-entertainment industry. Dundee has two universities—the University of Dundee and the University of Abertay Dundee. A £1,000,000,000 master plan to regenerate and to reconnect the Waterfront to the city centre which started in 2001 is expected to be completed within a 30 year period, with the Dundee Victoria & Albert Museum opening within 5.
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Durham
Coordinates: 54°46′34″N 1°34′24″W / 54.7761°N 1.5733°W / 54.7761; -1.5733
Durham ( /ˈdʌrəm/, locally /ˈdɜrəm/) is a city in north east England. It is within the County Durham local government district, and is the county town of the larger ceremonial county. It lies to the south of Newcastle upon Tyne, Chester-le-Street and Sunderland and to the north of Darlington.
Durham is well known for its Norman cathedral and 11th-century castle, both designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986. The castle has been the home of Durham University since 1832. HM Prison Durham is also located close to the city centre.
The name "Durham" comes from the Old English "dun", meaning hill, and the Old Norse "holme", which translates to island. The Lord Bishop of Durham takes a Latin variation of the city's name in his official signature, which is signed "N. Dunelm." Some attribute the city's name to the legend of the Dun Cow and the milkmaid who in legend guided the monks of Lindisfarne carrying the body of Saint Cuthbert to the site of the present city in 995 AD. Dun Cow Lane is said to be one of the first streets in Durham, being directly to the east of Durham Cathedral and taking its name from a depiction of the city's founding etched in masonry on the south side of the cathedral. The city has been known by a number of names throughout history. The original Nordic Dun Holm was changed to Duresme by the Normans and was known in Latin as Dunelm. The modern form Durham came into use later in the city's history. The north eastern historian, Robert Surtees chronicled the name changes in his History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of Durham but states that it is an "impossibility" to tell when the city's modern name came into being.
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East Staffordshire
East Staffordshire is a local government district with borough status in Staffordshire in England. It has two main towns, Burton upon Trent, famous for its breweries, and Uttoxeter, for its racecourse.
Villages in the area include Abbots Bromley, Tutbury, Barton-under-Needwood, Rolleston on Dove, Hanbury, Kingstone, Marchington, Mayfield and The Heath.
The borough was formed on April 1, 1974 by the merger of the former county borough of Burton upon Trent with Uttoxeter Urban District, Tutbury Rural District and Uttoxeter Rural District.
The main roads through the Borough are the A38 through Burton upon Trent and the A50 near Uttoxeter.
There are two railway stations in the Borough, Burton-on-Trent on the Cross Country Route and Uttoxeter on the Crewe to Derby Line, There is also a station serving Tutbury also on the Crewe to Derby Line called Tutbury and Hatton which is in the South Derbyshire district.
Coordinates: 52°48′29″N 1°38′45″W / 52.8080°N 1.6457°W / 52.8080; -1.6457
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Eccleshall
Coordinates: 52°51′32″N 2°15′04″W / 52.859°N 2.251°W / 52.859; -2.251
Eccleshall is a town in Staffordshire, England. It is located seven miles north west of Stafford, and six miles west of Stone. Eccleshall is twinned with Sancerre in France.
According to the Domesday book, Eccleshall in 1086 was no more than a small village of about one hundred inhabitants and a few fragments of stone at the base of the tower of the present Parish Church of Holy Trinity suggest that a stone church was in existence about this time and the base of the 10th century cross still stands outside the church. The oldest part of the church, the pillars and arches of the nave were begun in 1180 while the remainder of the church was completed during the 13th century, with a fine clerestory being added in the 15th century.
Eccleshall briefly played a part in the War of the Roses, when the castle was used as a base for the Lancastrian Queen Margaret of Anjou and her troops before and after her defeat at the battle of Blore Heath in 1459.
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Edinburgh
Edinburgh (i/ˈɛdɪnbʌrə/ ED-in-burr-ə; Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Èideann) is the capital city of Scotland and the seat of the Scottish Parliament. It is the second largest city in Scotland and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom. The City of Edinburgh Council governs one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas. The council area includes urban Edinburgh and a 30 square miles (78 km2) rural area. Located in the south-east of Scotland, Edinburgh lies on the east coast of the Central Belt, along the Firth of Forth, near the North Sea.
The city was one of the historical major centres of the Enlightenment, led by the University of Edinburgh, helping to earn it the nickname Athens of the North. The Old Town and New Town districts of Edinburgh were listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995 in recognition of the unique character of the Medieval Old Town and the planned Georgian New Town. It covers both the Old and New Towns together with the Dean Village and the Calton Hill areas. There are over 4,500 listed buildings within the city. In May 2010, it had a total of 40 conservation areas covering 23% of the building stock and 23% of the population, the highest such ratios of any major city in the UK. In the 2011 mid-year population estimates, Edinburgh had a total resident population of 495,360.
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Ely, Cambridgeshire
Coordinates: 52°24′N 0°16′E / 52.40°N 0.26°E / 52.40; 0.26
Ely (i/ˈiːli/ EE-lee) is a cathedral city in Cambridgeshire, England, 14 miles (23 km) north-north-east of Cambridge and about 80 miles (129 km) by road from London. Æthelthryth (Etheldreda) founded an abbey at Ely in AD 673; the abbey was destroyed in 870 by Danish invaders and was rebuilt by Ethelwold, Bishop of Winchester, in 970. Construction of the cathedral was started in 1083 by the first Norman bishop, Simeon. Sacrist, Alan of Walsingham's octagon, built over Ely's nave crossing between 1322 and 1328, is the "greatest individual achievement of architectural genius at Ely Cathedral" according to architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner. Building continued until the dissolution of the abbey in 1539 during the Reformation. The cathedral was sympathetically restored between 1845 and 1870 by the architect George Gilbert Scott. As the seat of a diocese, Ely has long been considered a city; in 1974, city status was granted by royal charter.
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Etruria Hall
Etruria Hall in Etruria, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England was the home of the potter Josiah Wedgwood. It was built between 1768–1771 by Joseph Pickford.
Etruria Hall was the site of the innovative research into photography by Thomas Wedgwood in the 1790s. There is a small commemorative plaque on the Hall.
Due to financial difficulties, it was sold in the 1840s by Francis Wedgwood.
The house was restored as part of the 1986 Stoke-on-Trent Garden Festival and is now part of a four-star Moat House hotel. It is near the site of the Etruria Works, which has been redeveloped.
Coordinates: 53°01′34″N 2°11′43″W / 53.0261°N 2.1953°W / 53.0261; -2.1953
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European Parliament
The European Parliament (abbreviated as Europarl or the EP) is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU). Together with the Council of the European Union (the Council) and the European Commission, it exercises the legislative function of the EU and it has been described as one of the most powerful legislatures in the world. The Parliament is currently composed of 754 Members of the European Parliament, who represent the second largest democratic electorate in the world (after the Parliament of India) and the largest trans-national democratic electorate in the world (375 million eligible voters in 2009).
It has been directly elected every five years by universal suffrage since 1979. However, turnout at European Parliament elections has fallen consecutively at each election since that date, and has been under 50% since 1999. Turnout in 2009 stood at 43% of all European voters, ranging from 90% in Luxembourg and Belgium (where compulsory voting is used) to 20% in Slovakia. Turnout was under 50% in 18 out of 27 member states.
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Exeter
Exeter (i/ˈɛksɨtər/ EK-si-tər) is a historic city in Devon, England. It lies within the ceremonial county of Devon, of which it is the county town as well as the home of Devon County Council. Currently the administrative area has the status of a non-metropolitan district, and is therefore under the administration of the County Council. The city is on the River Exe, about 37 miles (60 km) northeast of Plymouth, and 70 miles (110 km) southwest of Bristol. According to the 2001 Census, its population in that year was 111,076, while the mid-2010 estimate was 119,600.
Exeter was the most south-westerly Roman fortified settlement in Britain. Its Exeter Cathedral, founded in the early 12th century, became Anglican at the time of the 16th century Reformation.
Exeter has been identified as one of the top ten most profitable locations for a business to be based. The city has good transport links, with Exeter St David's railway station, Exeter Central railway station, the M5 motorway and Exeter International Airport connecting the city both nationally and internationally. Although a popular tourist destination, the city is not dominated by tourism.
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Fazeley
Coordinates: 52°36′55″N 1°42′22″W / 52.61541°N 1.70604°W / 52.61541; -1.70604
Fazeley is a small town and civil parish in the District of Lichfield, Staffordshire, England. Fazeley is located on the outskirts of Tamworth and the civil parish of Fazeley also includes Mile Oak and Bonehill.
It sits astride the junction of the Birmingham and Fazeley Canal and Coventry Canal; at Fazeley Junction are a couple of multi storey mills. Fazeley is also adjacent to Drayton Manor, formerly the home of Robert Peel and now a theme park and zoo.
Fazeley also sits astride the old Roman road of Watling Street, which is now much quieter following the move of the A5 road to run on a new course between Fazeley and Tamworth.
Fazeley has two primary schools, Millfield County Primary School and Longwood Primary School, in Mile Oak. Millfield was built in Victorian times and part of the original building still remains.
The First Annual Fazeley Festival and Mile Oak Mile Charity hop took place on 15 September 2007.
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Froghall
Coordinates: 53°01′19″N 1°57′54″W / 53.022°N 1.965°W / 53.022; -1.965
Froghall is a village situated approximately ten miles to the east of Stoke-on-Trent and two miles north of Cheadle in Staffordshire, England. Froghall sits in the Churnet Valley, A beautiful and relatively unspoilt part of Staffordshire. There are some excellent and challenging walks in the area, many of which encompass the area's historic development by the coal, ironstone, copper and limestone industries.
For a relatively small village there has been a lot of historic development in and around Froghall by Industry over the last few hundred years. The main feature of the village is the historic copper factory of Thomas Bolton and sons, now called Bolton Copper. A lot of the factory stood derelict before being demolished in 2011. However, a last minute intervention saved an orignal chimney which is still standing. A substantial portion is still in use for the production of rotor bars and extruded section. The Thomas Bolton Copperworks at Froghall (and the closed works in the nearby village of Oakamoor) are famous for the world's first transatlantic telegraph cables, which were manufactured and rolled at the plants.
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Gibraltar
Gibraltar ( /dʒɨˈbrɒltər/) is a British overseas territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean. It has an area of 6.8 square kilometres (2.6 sq mi) and a northern border with Andalusia, Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the region. At its foot is the densely populated city area, home to almost 30,000 Gibraltarians and other nationalities.
An Anglo-Dutch force captured Gibraltar from Spain in 1704 during the War of the Spanish Succession. The territory was subsequently ceded to Britain "in perpetuity" under the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. It was an important base for the Royal Navy; today its economy is based largely on tourism, financial services, and shipping.
The sovereignty of Gibraltar is a major point of contention in Anglo-Spanish relations as Spain asserts a claim to the territory. Gibraltarians rejected proposals for Spanish sovereignty in a 1967 referendum and again in 2002. Under the Gibraltar constitution of 2006, Gibraltar governs its own affairs, though some powers, such as defence and foreign relations, remain the responsibility of the UK Government.
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Glasgow
Coordinates: 55°51′29″N 4°15′32″W / 55.858°N 4.259°W / 55.858; -4.259
Glasgow (i/ˈɡlɑːzɡəʊ/, locally /ˈɡlazɡo/, GLAZ-goh; Scots: Glesga listen (help·info); Scottish Gaelic: Glaschu ([ˈkɫ̪as̪əxu] listen (help·info))) is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's West Central Lowlands.
Glasgow grew from a small rural settlement on the River Clyde to become one of the largest seaports in Britain. Expanding from the medieval bishopric of Glasgow and the later establishment of the University of Glasgow in the 15th century, it became a major centre of the Scottish Enlightenment in the 18th century. From the 18th century the city also grew as one of Britain's main hubs of transatlantic trade with British North America and the British West Indies. With the Industrial Revolution, the city and surrounding region shifted to become one of the world's pre-eminent centres of heavy engineering, most notably in shipbuilding and marine engineering industry, which produced many innovative and famous vessels. Glasgow was known as the "Second City of the British Empire" for much of the Victorian era and Edwardian period. Today it is one of Europe's top ten financial centres and is home to many of Scotland's leading businesses. Glasgow is also ranked as the 57th most liveable city in the world.
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Gloucester
Gloucester (i/ˈɡlɒstər/ GLOS-tər) is a city, district and county town of Gloucestershire in the South West region of England. Gloucester lies close to the Welsh border, and on the River Severn, approximately 32 miles (51 km) north-east of Bristol, and 45 miles (72 km) south-southwest of Birmingham.
Gloucester was founded in AD 97 by the Romans under Emperor Nerva as Colonia Glevum Nervensis, and was granted its first charter in 1155 by King Henry II. Economically, the city is dominated by the service industries, and has a strong financial and business sector, being home to the bank Cheltenham & Gloucester and historically was prominent in the aerospace industry.
The existence of a British settlement at Gloucester (Caer Glow, Gleawecastre, Gleucestre) is not confirmed by any direct evidence, but Gloucester was the Roman municipality of Colonia Nervia Glevensium, or Glevum, founded in the reign of Nerva. Parts of the walls can be traced, and many remains and coins have been found, though inscriptions are scarce. Evidence for some civic life after the end of Roman Britain includes the mention in the Historia Brittonum that Vortigern's grandfather ruled Gloucester. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Gloucester was part of Wessex from the Battle of Deorham in 577 until 584, when it came under the control of Mercia.
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Hamilton, Bermuda
Hamilton is the capital of the British Overseas Territory of Bermuda. It is the territory's financial centre and a major port and tourist destination. It's also one of the smallest capital cities by population.
The history of Hamilton began in 1790 when the Bermuda Government set aside 145 acres (59 ha) for its future seat, and was officially incorporated in 1793 by an Act of Parliament. The Colony's capital relocated to Hamilton from St. George's in 1815. The City lay at the political and military heart of Bermuda over the last two centuries. In addition to the parliament within it, Government House sits to its north, the former Admiralty House of the Royal Navy to its west (both in Pembroke), and the British Army garrison headquarters at Prospect Camp to its East.
The Town of Hamilton became a City in 1897, ahead of the consecration of the Cathedral of the Most Holy Trinity (Church Of England), which was under construction at the time, in 1911. A Catholic cathedral was later constructed. Today, the city overlooking Hamilton Harbour is primarily a business district, with few structures other than office buildings and shops. The City of Hamilton has long maintained a building limit, which states that no buildings may obscure the Cathedral, but in recent months buildings have been planned and areas have started construction on buildings as high as 10 storeys in the city. Bermuda's local newspaper The Royal Gazette reports "If you don't recognise the city, from 15 years ago, we don't blame you as it has changed so much".
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Hampstead
Coordinates: 51°33′15″N 0°10′28″W / 51.5541°N 0.1744°W / 51.5541; -0.1744
Hampstead (/ˈhæmpstɪd/ or /-stɛd/), commonly known as Hampstead Village, is an affluent area of London, England, 4 miles (6.4 km) north-west of Charing Cross. Part of the London Borough of Camden in Inner London, it is known for its intellectual, liberal, artistic, musical and literary associations and for Hampstead Heath, a large, hilly expanse of parkland. It has some of the most expensive housing in the London area. The village of Hampstead has more millionaires within its boundaries than any other area of the United Kingdom.
The name comes from the Anglo-Saxon words ham and stede, which means, and is a cognate of, the Modern English "homestead".
Although early records of Hampstead can be found in a grant by King Ethelred the Unready to the monastery of St. Peter’s at Westminster (AD 986) and it is referred to in the Domesday Book (1086), the history of Hampstead is generally traced back to the 17th century. Trustees of the Well started advertising the medicinal qualities of the chalybeate waters (water impregnated with iron) in 1700. Although Hampstead Wells was initially most successful and fashionable, its popularity declined in the 1800s due to competition with other fashionable London spas. The spa was demolished in 1882, although a water fountain was left behind.
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Hanley Park
Hanley Park is an urban park in Stoke-on-Trent, England. Officially opened on 20 June 1897, it occupies about 63 acres (25 ha) of land. The area previously comprised a large waste ground called 'Stoke Fields', cut in two by the Caldon Canal. Hanley park developed over a period of five years and cost approximately £70,000. The land was purchased from the estate of Shelton Hall. The lake and park were developed under the supervision of Thomas Hayton Mawson of Windermere. The Pavilion, completed in 1896, was designed by Dan Gibson. The Bandstand was the beneficiary of Mr George Howson, a local pottery owner. The Hanley Park Fete was held from 1897 to 1939 and featured a fun-fair, side shows and a display of fireworks. The Potteries Central Horse Parade (open to anyone living within 10 miles of Hanley Town Hall) was also held annually (but it was never resumed after World War II).
The Caldon Canal which joins the Trent and Mersey rivers passes through Hanley Park towards the southwest end. The southwest end consists of a lake where fishing is permitted. The lake consists of a word sculpture that reads 'There are sounds all around, but nothing matters except the sound of your voice' and 'I see you standing there as if on a distant horizon, I reach out and our hands touch'
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Hartshill
Hartshill is a village in the borough of North Warwickshire, England.
Hartshill is three miles from Nuneaton town centre but is still regarded as a suburb of the town despite being in the North Warwickshire borough.
In the 2001 census, the civil parish of Hartshill had a population of 3,611 [1].
Hartshill is famous for the writer Michael Drayton who knew William Shakespeare. Drayton was born at Chapel Cottage in Hartshill Green in 1563. A school in Hartshill bears his name.
Coordinates: 52°32.39′N 1°31.2′W / 52.53983°N 1.52°W / 52.53983; -1.52
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Hednesford
Coordinates: 52°42′41″N 2°00′02″W / 52.7115°N 2.0006°W / 52.7115; -2.0006
Hednesford (pronounced /ˈhɛnzfərd/[citation needed]) is a small town and civil parish in Staffordshire, England, within Cannock Chase District. It adjoins Cannock Chase to the north, and the town of Cannock to the south. It had a 2010 mid-year estimated population of 16,928.
Hednesford was an important coal mining community for over a century. This is commemorated in the town centre, where a Miner's Lamp has been erected, surrounded by a wall with individual bricks giving the names of former miners. The oldest sections of the town surround the hilltop areas of the existing town; however, the lower part of the town became the focal point as the community grew with the mining industry.
Between 1914 and 1918 two huge army training camps were built in the area and over a quarter of a million British and Commonwealth troops passed through destined for the Western Front. In 1938 a Royal Air Force training camp was established to train technicians in maintenance and repair of airframes and engines. No. 6 School of Technical training became better known as RAF Hednesford. The camp was later used for resettlement of Hungarian refugees fleeing from the Russian invasion of Budapest, in 1956. The site is now a part of Cannock Chase Country Park.
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Hereford
Coordinates: 52°03′23″N 2°42′58″W / 52.0565°N 2.7160°W / 52.0565; -2.7160
Herefordi/ˈhɛrɨfərd/ is a cathedral city, civil parish and county town of Herefordshire, England. It lies on the River Wye, approximately 16 miles (26 km) east of the border with Wales, 24 miles (39 km) southwest of Worcester, and 23 miles (37 km) northwest of Gloucester. With a population of 55,800 people, it is the largest settlement in the county.
The name "Hereford" is said to come from the Anglo Saxon "here", an army or formation of soldiers, and the "ford", a place for crossing a river. If this is the origin it suggests that Hereford was a place where a body of armed men forded or crossed the Wye. The Welsh name for Hereford is Henffordd, meaning "old road", and probably refers to the Roman Road and Roman settlement at nearby Stretton Sugwas.
An early town charter from 1189 granted by Richard I of England describes it as "Hereford in Wales". Hereford has been recognised as a city since time immemorial, with the status being reconfirmed as recently as October 2000.
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Herefordshire
Herefordshire ( /ˈhɛrɨfərdʃər/; abbreviated Herefs.) is a historic and ceremonial county in the West Midlands region of England. For Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG11) and is one of three counties that comprise the "Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire" NUTS 2 region. It also forms a unitary district known as the County of Herefordshire. It borders the English ceremonial counties of Shropshire to the north, Worcestershire to the east, Gloucestershire to the south-east, and the Welsh preserved counties of Gwent to the south-west and Powys to the west. Hereford is a cathedral city and is the county town; with a population of approximately 55,800 inhabitants it is also the largest settlement.
The county is one of the most rural and sparsely populated in England, with a population density of 82/km² (212/sq mi). The land use is predominantly agricultural and the county is well known for its fruit and cider production, and the Hereford cattle breed.
From 1974 to 1998, Herefordshire was part of the former non-metropolitan county of Hereford and Worcester.
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Home Office
The Home Office is a Ministerial department of the UK Government responsible for immigration, security, and order. As such it is responsible for the police, UK Border Agency, and the Security Service (MI5). It is also in charge of government policy on security-related issues such as drugs, counter-terrorism, and ID cards. It was formerly responsible for the Prison Service and Probation Service, but these are now under a newly created Ministry of Justice.
It continues to be known, especially in official papers and when referred to in Parliament, by the title, as the Home Department.
The Home Office is headed by the Home Secretary, a Cabinet minister, who is supported by the senior civil servant, the Permanent Secretary.
As of April 2012, the Home Office comprised the following agencies, inspectorates, and public bodies:
The Home Office Ministers are as follows:
Theresa May is also Minister for Women and Equalities and Lynne Featherstone Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Government Equalities Office. Nick Herbert works between the Home Office and the Ministry of Justice.
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Indonesia
Indonesia (i/ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ IN-də-NEE-zhə or /ˌɪndoʊˈniːziə/ IN-doh-NEE-zee-ə), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia Indonesian pronunciation: [rɛpʊblɪk ɪndɔnɛsɪa]), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 17,508 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies. The Indonesian economy is the world's 17th largest economy by nominal GDP.
The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with China and India. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders brought Islam, and European powers brought Christianity and fought one another to monopolize trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratization process, and periods of rapid economic change.
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Inverness
Coordinates: 57°28′18″N 4°13′31″W / 57.4717°N 4.2254°W / 57.4717; -4.2254
Inverness (from the Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Nis pronounced [iɲɪɾʲˈniʃ], meaning "Mouth of the River Ness" listen (help·info)) is a city in the Scottish Highlands. It is the administrative centre for the Highland council area, and is regarded as the capital of the Highlands of Scotland. Inverness lies near two important battle sites: the 11th century battle of Blàr nam Fèinne against Norway which took place on The Aird and the 18th century Battle of Culloden which took place on Culloden Moor. It is the northernmost city in the United Kingdom and lies within the Great Glen (Gleann Mòr) at its north-eastern extremity where the River Ness enters the Moray Firth. At the latest, a settlement was established by the 6th century with the first royal charter being granted by Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim (King David I) in the 12th century. The Gaelic king, Mac Bethad mac Findláich (MacBeth) nicknamed An Rígh Dearg (The Red King) held a castle within the city where he ruled as Mormaer of Moray and Ross.
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Isle of Wight
The Isle of Wight is a county and the largest island of England, located in the English Channel, on average about 2–5 miles (3–7 km) off the south coast of the county of Hampshire, separated from the mainland by a strait called the Solent. The Island has many resorts which have been holiday destinations since Victorian times.
The Island has a rich history, including a brief status as an independent kingdom in the 15th century. Until 1995, like Jersey and Guernsey, the Island had its own Governor—most notably Lord Mountbatten from 1969 to 1974, after which he became Lord Lieutenant until his assassination in 1979.
It was home to the poets Swinburne and Alfred Lord Tennyson, and to Queen Victoria, who built her much-loved summer residence and final home Osborne House at East Cowes. The Island's maritime and industrial history encompasses boat building, sail making, the manufacture of flying boats, the world's first hovercraft and the testing and development of Britain's space rockets. It is home to the Isle of Wight International Jazz Festival, Bestival and the recently revived Isle of Wight Festival, which, in 1970, was the largest rock music event ever held. The Island has some exceptional wildlife and is one of the richest locations of dinosaur fossils in Europe.
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Keele
Coordinates: 53°00′16″N 2°17′14″W / 53.0044°N 2.2871°W / 53.0044; -2.2871
Keele is a village and civil parish in northern Staffordshire, England or UK. It is approximately three miles (5 km) west of Newcastle-under-Lyme, and is close to the village of Silverdale. It is the location of Keele University (at grid reference SJ817450) and Keele Services (grid reference SJ806440), a motorway service area on the M6.The university partly surrounds the village.
According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 3,664, most of whom were students at Keele University. Some of these students are located at The Hawthorns.
It is located in the Keele ward of the borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme.
Its name came from Anglo-Saxon Cȳ-hyll = "Cow-hill".
Keele is featured on the UK 'Here and Now' edition of the board game Monopoly, released in September 2007, It takes the place of Fleet Street in the traditional version.
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Kidsgrove
Coordinates: 53°05′15″N 2°14′52″W / 53.0874°N 2.2478°W / 53.0874; -2.2478
Kidsgrove is a town in the borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, England, near the border with Cheshire. It is part of The Potteries Urban Area in North Staffordshire, along with Stoke-on-Trent and Newcastle-under-Lyme. It has a population of 24,112 (2001 census). Most of the town is in the Kidgsrove ward, whilst the western part is in Ravenscliffe.
From the 18th century, Kidsgrove grew around coal mining, although the pits have now closed. Clough Hall Mansion in the town, now demolished, was a local theme park. Modern Kidsgrove is a commuter town, which has seen house prices rise quite sharply in the first decade of the 21st century.[citation needed] Many people now work in the larger cities such as Manchester and Birmingham.
The engineer James Brindley cut the first Harecastle Tunnel on the Trent and Mersey Canal near the town; Thomas Telford cut the second. Kidsgrove also marks the southern extremity of the Macclesfield Canal. There is a legend regarding a headless ghost that is said to haunt the Harecastle Tunnel. The ghost is said to be that of a young woman who was murdered inside the tunnel. She is referred to as the "Kidsgrove Boggart".
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Kingston upon Hull
Kingston upon Hull (i/ˌkɪŋstən əpɒn ˈhʌl/ KING-stən ə-pon HUL), usually referred to as Hull, is a city and unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It stands on the River Hull at its junction with the Humber estuary, 25 miles (40 km) inland from the North Sea. Hull has a resident population of 263,900 (2010 est.). The Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) population stands at 573,300.
Renamed Kings town upon Hull by King Edward I in 1299, the town and city of Hull has served as market town, military supply port, a trading hub, fishing and whaling centre, and industrial metropolis.
Hull was an early theatre of battle in the English Civil Wars. Its 18th-century Member of Parliament, William Wilberforce, played a key role in the abolition of the slave trade in Britain.
The city is unique in the UK in having had a municipally-owned telephone system from 1902, sporting cream, not red, telephone boxes.
After suffering heavy damage during the Second World War, Hull weathered a period of post-industrial decline, during which the city gained unfavourable results on measures of social deprivation, education and policing. In recent years the city has embarked on an extensive programme of economic regeneration, reconstruction and urban renewal. The economic crisis since 2008 has caused some setbacks to these developments.
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Knutsford
Coordinates: 53°18′00″N 2°22′16″W / 53.300°N 2.371°W / 53.300; -2.371
Knutsford is a town and civil parish in the unitary authority area of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, in North West England. It is located about 15 miles (24 km) south-west of Manchester and 11 miles (18 km) northwest of Macclesfield.
Knutsford is situated on the Cheshire Plain, between the Peak District in the South Pennines to the east and the Clwydian Range in the Welsh mountains to the west. Knutsford's proximity to Manchester has both now and historically helped it become a commuter town for those employed in Manchester. Today the town's location gives residents easy access to Merseyside as well as Manchester.
Knutsford's main town centre streets, Princess Street (also known locally as Top Street) and King Street lower down, and also known as Bottom Street, form the "hub" of the town. At one end of the narrow King Street is an entrance to Tatton Park. The Tatton estate was home to the Egerton family, and has given its name to Tatton parliamentary constituency, which also includes the neighbouring communities of Alderley Edge and Wilmslow. Former Parliamentary representatives include the BBC war correspondent Martin Bell, who stood as an Independent in 1997 to defeat the disgraced former Conservative Party MP, Neil Hamilton.
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Leeds
Coordinates: 53°47′59″N 1°32′57″W / 53.79972°N 1.54917°W / 53.79972; -1.54917 Leeds (i/ˈliːdz/) is a city and metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire, England. In 2001 Leeds' main urban subdivision had a population of 443,247, while the entire city has a population of 798,800 (2011 est.), making it the 24th-most populous city in the European Union
Leeds is the cultural, financial and commercial heart of the West Yorkshire Urban Area, which at the 2001 census had a population of 1.5 million, and the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan Area, of which Leeds is the integral part, had a population of around 2.3 million, making it the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom. In addition, the Leeds city region, an economic area with Leeds at its core, had a population of 2.9 million. Leeds is the UK's largest centre for business, legal, and financial services outside London, and its office market is the best in Europe for value. Leeds is considered a Gamma World City, alongside cities such as Phoenix, St. Petersburg and Valencia.
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Leek, Staffordshire
Coordinates: 53°06′29″N 2°01′24″W / 53.108°N 2.0234°W / 53.108; -2.0234
Leek is a market town in the county of Staffordshire, England, on the River Churnet. It is an ancient borough and was granted its royal charter in 1214.
It is the administrative centre for the Staffordshire Moorlands District Council. King John granted Ranulph de Blundeville, Earl of Chester, the right to hold a weekly Wednesday market and an annual seven-day fair in Leek in 1207.
Leek's coat of arms is made up of a Saltire Shield. On the top is the Staffordshire Knot, either side is the famous Leek "Double Sunset" and below a gold garb. The crest is a mural crown with three Mulberry leaves on a Mount of Heather on top of which a Moorcock is resting his claw on a small-weave Shuttle. The motto 'ARTE FAVENTE NIL DESPERANDUM' translates to: Our skill assisting us, we have no cause for despair. The Coat of Arms was granted on 7 May 1956.[citation needed]
The town has had a regular cattle market for hundreds of years, reflecting its role as a centre of local farming. Following the industrial revolution it became a major producer of textiles, with silk working in particular coming to dominate the industrial landscape. Though this industry has declined somewhat, it has continued through the large number of clothing manufacturers in the town, and the prominence of dyeing and allied trades. The mills from the town's textile era still remain. Many are currently being converted into houses. The town's markets still remain active to this day.
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Leicester
Coordinates: 52°38′03″N 1°08′19″W / 52.63422°N 1.13852°W / 52.63422; -1.13852
Leicester (/lɛstər/ LESS-tər pronunciation (help·info)) is a city and unitary authority in the East Midlands of England, and the county town of Leicestershire. The city lies on the River Soar and at the edge of the National Forest. In 2010, the population of the Leicester unitary authority was estimated at 306,600, the second highest in the region, whilst 441,213 people lived in the wider Leicester Urban Area in 2006, making Leicester the tenth most populous settlement in the United Kingdom and the UK's fourteenth largest urban area. It is the largest city in the East Midlands yet has the second largest urban area in the region behind Nottingham Urban Area. Eurostat's Larger Urban Zone listed the population of the area at 772,400 people as of 2004.
Ancient Roman pavements and baths remain in Leicester from its early settlement as Ratae Corieltauvorum, a Roman military outpost in a region inhabited by the Celtic Corieltauvi tribe. Following the demise of Roman society the early medieval Ratae Corieltauvorum is shrouded in obscurity, but when the settlement was captured by the Danes it became one of five fortified towns important to the Danelaw. The name "Leicester" is thought to derive from the words castra of the "Ligore", meaning camp of the dwellers on the (river) Legro. Leicester appears in the Domesday Book as "Ledecestre". Leicester continued to grow throughout the Early Modern period as a market town, although it was the Industrial Revolution that facilitated a process of rapid unplanned urbanisation in the area.
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Lightwood
Lightwood is a suburb of Stoke-On-Trent, Staffordshire. It is located to the south of Longton, and Lightwood Road runs from here to Rough Close.
The area gives its name to The Lightwood Hoard, a substantial collection of Roman coins discovered buried in the garden of a house on Lightwood Road in 1960.
Though containing mostly private housing, the area also boasts a pub and a golf driving range, as well as a Methodist chapel constructed in 1816 and now a Grade 2 listed building.
Coordinates: 52°58′12″N 2°06′54″W / 52.970°N 2.115°W / 52.970; -2.115
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Lincoln, England
Lincoln ( /ˈlɪŋkən/) is a cathedral city and county town of Lincolnshire, England.
The non-metropolitan district of Lincoln has a population of 85,595; the 2001 census gave the entire urban area of Lincoln (which includes North Hykeham, Waddington and Birchwood) a population of 104,221.
The earliest origins of Lincoln can be traced to the remains of an Iron Age settlement of round wooden dwellings (which were discovered by archaeologists in 1972) that have been dated to the 1st century BC[citation needed] This settlement was built by a deep pool (the modern Brayford Pool) in the River Witham at the foot of a large hill (on which the Normans later built Lincoln Cathedral and Lincoln Castle) .
The origins of the name Lincoln may come from this period, when the settlement is thought to have been named in the Brythonic language of Iron Age Britain's Celtic inhabitants as Lindon "The Pool", presumably referring to the Brayford Pool (compare the etymology of the name Dublin, from the Gaelic "dubh linn" ("black pool")). It is not possible to know how big this original settlement was as its remains are now buried deep beneath the later Roman and medieval ruins, as well as the modern Lincoln.
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Lisburn
Coordinates: 54°30′43″N 6°01′52″W / 54.512°N 6.031°W / 54.512; -6.031
Lisburn (Irish: Lios na gCearrbhach) is a city in Northern Ireland. It is situated southwest of Belfast on the River Lagan which forms the boundary between County Antrim and County Down. Lisburn forms part of the Belfast metropolitan area. It had a population of 71,465 people in the 2001 Census and a population density of 243 per km². The wider council area has a growing population of 114,000, making it the second largest council district, after Belfast.
Formerly a borough, Lisburn was granted city status in 2002 as part of Queen Elizabeth II's Golden Jubilee celebrations. It is the third-largest city in Northern Ireland and the sixth-largest on the island of Ireland, though the proposed changes to the status of Tallaght would render it seventh.
The town was originally known as Lisnagarvy (also spelt Lisnagarvey, Lisnegarvey, Lisnegarvy, Lisnegarvagh or Lisnagarvagh) after the townland in which it formed. This is derived from Irish: Lios na gCearrbhach meaning "ringfort of the gamesters/gamblers".
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Liverpool
Liverpool ( /ˈlɪvəpuːl/) is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Liverpool was 445,200 and was part of a larger urban area of 816,216.
Historically a part of Lancashire, the urbanisation and expansion of Liverpool were both largely brought about by the city's status as a major port. By the 18th century, trade from the West Indies, Ireland and mainland Europe coupled with close links with the Atlantic Slave Trade furthered the economic expansion of Liverpool. By the early 19th century, 40% of the world's trade passed through Liverpool's docks, contributing to Liverpool's rise as a major city.
Inhabitants of Liverpool are referred to as Liverpudlians but are also colloquially known as "Scousers", in reference to the local dish known as "scouse", a form of stew. The word "Scouse" has also become synonymous with the Liverpool accent and dialect. Liverpool's status as a port city has contributed to its diverse population, which, historically, were drawn from a wide range of peoples, cultures, and religions, particularly those from Ireland. The city is also home to the oldest Black African community in the country and the oldest Chinese community in Europe.
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London
Londoni/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City and has the fifth-largest city GDP in the world (and the largest in Europe). London has been described as a world cultural capital. It was the world's most visited city during 2011 and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.
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Luton
Luton (i/ˈluːtən/ LOOT-ən, local /ˈluːʔən/) is a large town, borough and unitary authority of Bedfordshire, England, 30 miles (50 km) north of London. Luton and its near neighbours, Dunstable and Houghton Regis, form the Luton/Dunstable Urban Area with a population of about 250,000.
Luton is home to Blue Square Premier team Luton Town Football Club, whose history includes several spells in the top flight of the English league as well as a Football League Cup triumph in 1988. They play at Kenilworth Road stadium, which has been their home since 1905.
London Luton Airport, opened in 1938, is one of England's major airports. During the Second World War it doubled as an RAF base.
The University of Bedfordshire is based in the town.
The Luton Carnival, held on the late May bank holiday, is the largest one-day carnival in Europe.
The town was for many years famous for hat-making, and was also home to a large Vauxhall Motors factory; the head office of Vauxhall Motors is still situated in the town. Car production at the plant began in 1905 and continued until 2002, but commercial vehicle production remains.
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Manchester
Coordinates: 53°28′N 2°14′W / 53.467°N 2.233°W / 53.467; -2.233
Manchesteri/ˈmæntʃɛstər/ is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England with an estimated population of 498,800 in 2010. Manchester lies within one of the United Kingdom's largest urban areas; the Greater Manchester Urban Area which has a population of 2.2 million. The demonym of Manchester is Mancunian and the local authority is Manchester City Council.
Manchester is situated in the south-central part of North West England, fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south and the Pennines to the north and east. The recorded history of Manchester began with the civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort of Mamucium, which was established in c. 79 AD on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell. Historically, most of the city was a part of Lancashire, although areas south of the River Mersey were in Cheshire. Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a manorial township, but it began to expand "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century. Manchester's unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution, and resulted in it becoming the world's first industrialised city. An early 19th-century factory building boom transformed Manchester from a township into a major mill town and borough that was granted city status in 1853. In 1894 the Manchester Ship Canal was built, creating the Port of Manchester.
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Manchester Airport
Manchester Airport (IATA: MAN, ICAO: EGCC), is an international airport at Ringway, Manchester, England. In 2011 it was third busiest airport in the United Kingdom in terms of passenger numbers, and the 23rd busiest airport in Europe. Manchester Airport is the largest outside the London region with over double the passengers of its nearest non-London rival, Edinburgh Airport.
The terminals are 7.5 NM (13.9 km; 8.6 mi) south of Manchester city centre. It officially opened on 25 June 1938 and was initially known as Ringway Airport. During World War II, it was called RAF Ringway and from 1975 until 1986 Manchester International Airport. The airport is owned and managed by the Manchester Airports Group (MAG), a holding company owned by the ten metropolitan borough councils of Greater Manchester, with Manchester City Council owning the largest stake. A Category 10 airport, the airport comprises three terminals, a goods terminal and a railway station. It is the only British airport other than London Heathrow to have two runways over 3,000 metres in length.
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Meir KA F.C.
Meir KA F.C. was a football (soccer) club based in Stoke-on-Trent, England, established in 1972. Originally formed as the Sunday league team of the King's Arms pub in the Meir district, the club was later based in the neighbouring area of Meir Heath. Meir KA reached the 2nd round of the FA Vase twice.
The club was formed in 1972 as a Sunday league side based at the King's Arms pub. They competed for three years in the North Staffs and District Sunday League and in 1976 made the decision to switch to Saturday football, initially playing in the Longton League, where they won the league and cup double at the first attempt. In 1978 the club joined the North Staffs Alliance League, shortly after which they moved to their present ground.
In 1984 Meir became founder members of the Staffordshire Senior League, where they were league champions in 1989 and 1991 and also won the Walsall Senior Cup in 1990, beating Rushall Olympic 2-1 after extra time and a replay. In 1992 they stepped up again to the Midland Combination (starting in the Premier Division), where the team played until 2010 when the club closed down.
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Meir, Staffordshire
Coordinates: 52°58′40″N 2°06′18″W / 52.9779°N 2.1051°W / 52.9779; -2.1051
Meir Park is a suburb in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire situated between Lightwood and Longton. Meir Park estate extends from Meir uphill to the Blythe Bridge village hall, which is actually located in Meir Heath.
Meir Aerodrome closed in the early 1970s and the site has now become the Meir Park housing estate. The earlier parts have mainly aviation-associated street names. The last official flight was on 16 August 1973 when Fred Holdcroft flew a Piper Tri-Pacer carrying a Sentinel journalist to Manchester. The last unofficial flight "a year or two" later by Eric Clutton was in a home-made folding machine called FRED (Flying Runabout Experimental Design) which the pilot towed home behind his car. The light planes used to be parked on the grass alongside the A50 road, opposite the Airport Garage, which remains. Staffordshire Potteries had a factory (now demolished) beside the aerodrome.
Meir Park is situated along the A50. At the centre sits the crossroads with the A520. Once a notorious traffic jam site, a new tunnel was built which takes the A50 underneath. The twin tunnels are walled with ceramic panels which were reported to have cost about £1000 each when they began to come loose through rusting of their attachments after a few years[citation needed].
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Middlesbrough
Middlesbrough (i/ˈmɪdəlzbrə/ MID-əlz-brə) is a large town situated on the south bank of the River Tees in north east England, that sits within the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire. The local authority, a unitary authority, is Middlesbrough Borough Council.
Historically part of the North Riding of Yorkshire, in 1968 the town became the centre of the County Borough of Teesside, which was absorbed by the non-metropolitan county of Cleveland in 1974. In 1996 Cleveland was abolished, and Middlesbrough became a unitary authority, within the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire.
It is locally regarded that the town exceeds the confines of the Middlesbrough Borough to include the areas of Eston, Grangetown, Normanby, Ormesby, and South Bank which are wards of the neighbouring unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland.[citation needed][by whom?]
To the northeast of Middlesbrough lies the Tees Estuary, approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) away. A few miles to the south lies the edge of the North York Moors National Park.
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Mow Cop
Coordinates: 53°06′47″N 2°13′03″W / 53.112973°N 2.217582°W / 53.112973; -2.217582
Mow Cop ( /ˈmaʊˈkɒp/) is an isolated village which straddles the Cheshire–Staffordshire border, and is thus divided between the North West and West Midlands regions of England. It is 24 miles south of Manchester and 6 miles north of Stoke-on-Trent.
The name is first recorded as "Mowel" around 1270 AD, and is believed to be derived from either the Anglo-Saxon Mūga-hyll, meaning "heap-hill", with copp = "head" added later, or the Common Celtic ancestor of Welsh moel (= hill), with Anglo-Saxon copp added later.
At the village's summit, men once quarried stone to make into querns, used since the Iron Age for milling corn; this trade ended during the Victorian period. The village also has a long history of coal mining. Mow Cop Castle is a folly of a ruined castle at the summit of the hill, built in 1754. The village was served by a railway station which was opened by the North Staffordshire Railway on October 9, 1848. Mow Cop is known for its 'Killer Mile', a one mile road race from the level crossing on the western side of the hill, up to the Castle. The race was originated in the early 1980s by John Britton, and sponsored by ICL (Kidsgrove). It continues today, organised by the Mow Cop Residents' Association. Mow Cop Runners, a local running club founded in 2009, meet at The Ash Inn and organise The Mow Cop Hill Race, a 6.5 mile fell race.
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New Vic Theatre
The New Vic Theatre is situated in Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire. It was purpose-built as a theatre in the round and opened in 1986, replacing a converted cinema, the Victoria Theatre, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent.
In the early 1960s Stephen Joseph was searching for a permanent base for his Studio Theatre company, which specialised in theatrical productions "in the round", that is with audience from all sides. He found it in a disused cinema in Hartshill, Stoke, which was converted to theatrical use and opened as a playhouse on 9 October 1962 The first resident director was Peter Cheeseman, and he remained in control for 38 years.
The company soon established a reputation for innovative productions of both new and classic works. A particular focus was on plays with a local subject, such as The Knotty, about the North Staffordshire Railway, The Fight for Shelton Bar, about the closure of a local steelworks, and Jolly Potters.
The first production of a play by Peter Terson took place there in 1964; he was writer in residence for 18 months and wrote in all 22 plays for the Victoria.
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Newcastle upon Tyne
Coordinates: 54°58.440′N 1°36.792′W / 54.974°N 1.6132°W / 54.974; -1.6132
Newcastle upon Tyne (locallyi/njuːˈkæsəl/; often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in North East England. Historically a part of Northumberland, it is situated on the north bank of the River Tyne. The city developed in the area that was the location of the Roman settlement called Pons Aelius, though it owes its name to the castle built in 1080, by Robert II, Duke of Normandy, the eldest son of William the Conqueror. The city grew as an important centre for the wool trade and it later became a major coal mining area. The port developed in the 16th century and, along with the shipyards lower down the river, was amongst the world's largest shipbuilding and ship-repairing centres. These industries have since experienced severe decline and closure, and the city today is largely a business and cultural centre, with a particular reputation for nightlife.
Like most cities, Newcastle has a diverse cross section, from areas of poverty to areas of affluence. Among its main icons are Newcastle Brown Ale, a leading brand of beer, Newcastle United F.C., a Premier League team, and the Tyne Bridge. It has hosted the world's most popular half marathon, the Great North Run, since it began in 1981.
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Newcastle-under-Lyme
Coordinates: 53°00′39″N 2°13′40″W / 53.0109°N 2.2278°W / 53.0109; -2.2278
Newcastle-under-Lyme is a market town in Staffordshire, England, and is the principal settlement in the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme. It is part of The Potteries Urban Area and North Staffordshire. In the 2001 census the town had a population of 73,944. It is not to be confused with the city of Newcastle upon Tyne.
The Newcastle part of the name derives from being the location of a 'new' castle, built in the 12th century. The "Lyme" section could refer to the Lyme Brook or the extensive Forest of Lyme that covered the area with lime trees in the mediæval period.
Newcastle is not mentioned in the Domesday Book, as it grew up around the 12th century castle, but it must early have become a place of importance, for a charter, known only through a reference in a charter to Preston, was given to the town by Henry II of England in 1173. The new castle was built to supersede an older fortress at Chesterton about two miles to the north, the ruins of which were to be seen up to the end of the 16th century.
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Newport
Newport (Welsh: Casnewydd) is a city and unitary authority in south east Wales. It is located on the River Usk close to its confluence with the Severn estuary, about 12 miles (19 km) east of Cardiff. It is the third largest city in Wales, with a population of 141,300 (2007 estimate).
Newport has been a port since medieval times, when a castle was built by the Normans. The town outgrew the earlier Roman town of Caerleon, immediately upstream, and gained its first charter in 1314. It grew significantly in the 19th century, when its port became the focus of coal exports from the eastern valleys of South Wales. Until the rise of Cardiff from the 1850s, Newport was Wales' largest coal-exporting port. It was the site of the last large-scale armed insurrection in Britain, the Newport Rising of 1839 led by the Chartists.
During the 20th century, the docks declined in importance, but Newport remained an important manufacturing and engineering centre. It was granted city status in 2002. It is the home of the University of Wales, Newport, and the Newport Gwent Dragons rugby union regional team, and hosted the Ryder Cup in 2010.
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Newry
Coordinates: 54°10′34″N 6°20′56″W / 54.176°N 6.349°W / 54.176; -6.349
Newry (IPA: [ˈnjʊərɪ], from Irish: An Iúraigh) is a city in Northern Ireland. The River Clanrye, which runs through the city, forms the historic border between County Armagh and County Down. It is 34 miles (55 km) from Belfast and 67 miles (108 km) from Dublin. Newry (together with Bessbrook) had a population of 27,433 at the 2001 Census, while Newry and Mourne Council Area had a population of 87,058. Newry was founded in 1144 alongside a Cistercian monastery and is one of Northern Ireland's oldest towns.
The city of Newry is one of the constituent cities of the Dublin-Belfast corridor and sits at the entry to the "Gap of the North", close to the border with the Republic of Ireland. It grew as a market town and a garrison and became a port in 1742 when it was linked to Lough Neagh by the first summit-level canal in Britain or Ireland. In March 2002, as part of Queen Elizabeth's Golden Jubilee celebrations, Newry was granted city status alongside Lisburn. Despite being the fourth largest city in Northern Ireland, however, it is not the fourth largest settlement. Newry has long been an important centre of trade because of its position between Belfast and Dublin.
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North Somerset
North Somerset is a unitary authority in England. Its area covers part of the ceremonial county of Somerset but it is administered independently of the non-metropolitan county. Its administrative headquarters is in the town hall in Weston-super-Mare.
North Somerset borders the local government areas of Bristol, Bath and North East Somerset, Mendip and Sedgemoor. North Somerset contains the parliamentary constituencies of Weston-super-Mare and North Somerset.
Between 1 April 1974 and 31 March 1996, it was the Woodspring district of the county of Avon (named after Woodspring Priory, an isolated mediaeval church near the coast just north east of Weston-super-Mare). The district of Woodspring was formed from the municipal boroughs of Weston-super-Mare, Clevedon and Portishead urban districts, Long Ashton Rural District, and part of Axbridge Rural District.
Though the government proposed that the new unitary area be known as "North West Somerset" from 1 April 1996, the council voted instead to adopt the name "North Somerset" and so the name "North West Somerset" was never widely used. There remained some legal doubt as to whether the council had validly changed the name to "North Somerset", but in 2005 the council passed a resolution to put the matter beyond doubt.
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North Staffordshire
North Staffordshire describes an area of Staffordshire, in the West Midlands region of England. It contains the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire Moorlands and the City of Stoke-on-Trent. The Stoke and Newcastle areas make up The Potteries Urban Area, whilst the Moorlands are largely rural.
The Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme had a 2001 census population of 122,040. The population of Stoke-on-Trent was 240,636, whilst the Staffordshire Moorlands population was 94,489. This gives an area wide population of 457,165.
North Staffordshire industries included Potteries, Coal mining and Steel. Pottery companies from the area include Royal Doulton, Wedgwood, Portmerrion, Wade, Johnson Brothers, who were all based in The Pottery towns in North Staffordshire.
Transport for the area was based on canals from the 18th century, with the Trent and Mersey canal being built through from the River Trent in South Staffordshire, out through the North border of the area through the most northernly town of Kidsgrove which sits on the South Cheshire border. Kidsgrove is famous for the Harecastle Tunnels which were built to allow transport links through North Staffordshire connecting the North and the South of the country. Towns including Liverpool and Birmingham could trade when these links were put into place.
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North Warwickshire
North Warwickshire is a local government district and borough in Warwickshire, England. The main town in the district is Atherstone where the council is based. Other significant places include Coleshill, Polesworth and Kingsbury.
The North Warwickshire district was created on 1 April 1974 by a merger of the Atherstone Rural District and parts of the Meriden Rural District (the rest of which was merged into the West Midlands county).
North Warwickshire is a mostly rural area with several small towns. The area historically had a large coal mining industry, but this has almost died out. The district is relatively remote from the rest of Warwickshire, as the county is almost split in two by the West Midlands.
The boundaries of North Warwickshire are almost the same as the North Warwickshire parliamentary constituency. However the constituency also includes the town of Bedworth. The local MP is Dan Byles.
In 2007 the Conservatives took overall control of the Borough Council for the first time since the creation of the council within its current boundaries. The Council was retaken by Labour in 2011.
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Northampton
Northamptoni/nɔrˈθæmptən/ is a large market town and local government district in the East Midlands region of England. Situated about 67 miles (108 km) north-west of London and around 50 miles (80 km) south-east of Birmingham, Northampton lies on the River Nene and is the county town of Northamptonshire. The demonym of Northampton is Northamptonian.
Original settlements in Northampton date back to the 6th century. Its modern development is largely due to its rapid population increase since the 1960s after a planned expansion occurred under the New Towns Commission in the early 1970s. In 2001, its urban area population was 197,199 while its town population was 189,474, making Northampton the 27th largest settlement in England, and the UK's 3rd largest town without official city status after Reading and Dudley. Northampton is the most populous district in England that is not a unitary authority, a status it failed to obtain in the 1990s local government reform.
Northampton has a history of the manufacture of boots and shoes yet engineering has taken over as a modern key industry; other industries include food processing, brewing, and the manufacture of shoe machinery, cosmetics, leather goods, and car accessories. At present, the major employers are public administration, financial services, and the distribution trade.
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Northumberland
Northumberland ( /nɔrˈθʌmbərlənd/; abbreviated Northumb. or Northd, the latter being preferred by the Royal Mail) is the northernmost ceremonial county and a unitary district in North East England. It borders Cumbria to the west, County Durham to the south and Tyne and Wear to the south east and the Scottish Borders council area to the north. Its North Sea coastline is a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty with a 64 mile (103 km) long distance path. Since 1981, the county council has been located in Morpeth, situated in the east of the county.
The historical boundaries of the county of Northumberland included Newcastle upon Tyne, the traditional county town, as well as Tynemouth and other settlements in North Tyneside, all areas transferred to Tyne and Wear in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. The historical county boundaries are sometimes taken to exclude Islandshire, Bedlingtonshire and Norhamshire (collectively North Durham), exclaves of County Durham which were incorporated into Northumberland in 1844. For Eurostat purposes Northumberland is a NUTS 3 region (code UKC21) and is one of three local authority areas that comprise the "Northumberland and Tyne and Wear" NUTS 2 region.
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Norton le Moors
Coordinates: 53°03′36″N 2°09′47″W / 53.06°N 2.163°W / 53.06; -2.163
The ecclesiastical parish of Norton le Moors is located in the north-east of the city of Stoke-On-Trent, in the county of Staffordshire. The majority of the parish is in the city however some lies in the Staffordshire Moorlands district. Approximately 3.4 miles (5.5 km) north of Hanley, one of six major towns that joined together to form the city of Stoke-on-Trent in 1910. Norton le Moors borders Ball Green in the north, Stockton Brook in the east, Milton in the south, and Bradeley in the west, making it one of a number of small villages in the Stoke area.[citation needed]
The civil parish of Norton le Moors was established in 1837 until it was abolished in 1965 and incorporated into the parishes of Bagnall, Brown Edge and Stoke-on-Trent. Two years later Norton Parish Council obtained permission to change its name to Brown Edge Parish Council. Norton le Moors appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Nortone, meaning North town. At the time of the Domesday Survey the village was held by Robert de Stafford. During the Middle Ages the area developed due to its location on the road from Leek to Burslem, later turned turnpiked as the Leek to Newcastle road.[citation needed]
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Norton United F.C.
Norton United F.C. is a football club based in Smallthorne, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England. They were established in 1989 and joined the Staffordshire Senior League in the same year. They were the Midland League Champions three times and are currently members of the North West Counties Football League Division One.
The club's ground is the Norton Cricket Club & Miners Welfare Institute. They play in black and white striped shirts, black shorts and black socks.
Alan Tittensor, who realised that there was the potential to form leading junior football club at Norton Cricket Club, formed Norton United Football Club in 1989.
The team entered the Staffordshire Senior League. After a couple of years, during which the foundations were laid, the club started to gain success, and won the first of its trophies with a 2–1 win over Redgate Clayton in the League Cup. Further success followed and the Staffordshire Senior League and Cup double was won in 1997. The League success was emulated in 1999 along with a victory in the prestigious Staffordshire FA Senior Vase Final. The League and Cup double was repeated in 2001 and this was followed by promotion to The North West Counties Football League. 2004–5 saw a top 5 finish and 2005–6 the club came 8th. At the end of that season a deliberate and decisive move saw the club decide not to pay players. This decision resulted in a change in the management of the team and almost a total change in the playing staff.
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Norwich
Norwich (i/ˈnɒrɪdʒ/ NORR-ij, (also /ˈnɒrɪtʃ/ NORR-ich) is a city on the River Wensum in England. It is the regional administrative centre and county town of Norfolk. During the 11th century, Norwich was the largest city in England after London, and one of the most important places in the kingdom. Until the Industrial Revolution, Norwich was the capital of England's most populous county and vied with Bristol as England's second city.
The urban area of Norwich has a population of 194,839. This area extends beyond the city boundary, with extensive suburban areas on the western, northern and eastern sides, including Costessey, Hellesdon, Bowthorpe, Old Catton, Sprowston and Thorpe St Andrew. The parliamentary seats cross over into adjacent local government districts. 135,800 (2008 est.) people live in the City of Norwich and the population of the Norwich Travel to Work Area (i.e. the area of Norwich in which most people both live and work) is 367,035 (the 1991 figure was 351,340)[citation needed]. Norwich is the fourth most densely populated local government district within the East of England with 3,480 people per square kilometre (8,993 per square mile).
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Nottingham
Nottingham (i/ˈnɒtɪŋəm/ NOT-ing-əm) is a city and unitary authority in the East Midlands of England in the ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire and is one of eight members of the English Core Cities Group.
Nottingham is famed for its links with the legend of Robin Hood and, during the Industrial Revolution, obtained worldwide recognition for its lace-making, bicycle and tobacco industries. With origins tracable back to 600 AD, Nottingham was granted its city charter as part of the Diamond Jubilee celebrations of Queen Victoria in 1897 and has since been officially titled the City of Nottingham. The city has historically been nicknamed The Queen of the Midlands, being the smaller yet less industrialised regional neighbour to the Midlands biggest city, Birmingham. Nottingham is considered the primary centre of England's East Midlands region, being home to numerous regional headquarters and media stations including the BBC East Midlands and the Regional Government Office.
Whilst Nottingham has always had a tightly-drawn authority boundary, accounting for its relatively small population of 306,700, Nottingham's Urban Area has a population of approximately 670,000; in the 2001 census, it was the eighth largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Eurostat's concept of the Larger Urban Zone listed the area's population at 825,600 as of 2004.
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Oxford
Oxfordi/ˈɒksfəd/ is a city in central southern England, the home of the University of Oxford. The city is the county town of Oxfordshire, and forms a district within the county. It has a population of just under 165,000, of whom 153,900 live within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles (80 km) north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames (also sometimes known as the Isis locally) run through Oxford and meet south of the city centre.
Oxford has a diverse economic base. Its industries include motor manufacturing, education, publishing and a large number of information technology and science-based businesses.
Buildings in Oxford demonstrate an example of every English architectural period since the arrival of the Saxons, including the iconic, mid-18th century Radcliffe Camera. Oxford is known as the "city of dreaming spires", a term coined by poet Matthew Arnold in reference to the harmonious architecture of Oxford's university buildings. The University of Oxford is the oldest university in the English-speaking world.
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Peak District
The Peak District is an upland area in central and northern England, lying mainly in northern Derbyshire, but also covering parts of Cheshire, Greater Manchester, Staffordshire, and South and West Yorkshire.
An area of great diversity, it is conventionally split into the northern Dark Peak, where most of the moorland is found and whose geology is gritstone, and the southern White Peak, where most of the population lives and where the geology is mainly limestone-based.
Most of the area falls within the Peak District National Park, whose designation in 1951 made it the first national park in the United Kingdom. Proximity to the major cities of Manchester and Sheffield and the counties of Lancashire, Greater Manchester, Cheshire, Staffordshire and South and West Yorkshire, coupled with easy access by road and rail, have contributed to its popularity. With an estimated 22 million visitors per year, the Peak District is thought to be the second most-visited national park in the world (after the Mount Fuji National Park in Japan), though the Peak District National Park Authority believe these figures are incorrect or unsubstantiated, estimating around 10 million people visit annually.
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Penkhull
Coordinates: 53°00′03″N 2°11′48″W / 53.0007°N 2.1968°W / 53.0007; -2.1968
Penkhull is a township within Stoke-upon-Trent in the city of Stoke-on-Trent in the English county of Staffordshire. The Domesday Book records it as two hides of land in the Hundred of Pirehill and that it was held by Earl Algar.
Penkhull means - village at the end of the wood, which is exactly what it was overlooking the vally of the Trent and Lyme. The early origins date from 2500 BC for which there have been three finds from this period. It was a Royal Manor from the time of William the Conquer 1086 and the last record of its title as a Royal Manor was in 1308 (EdwardII) The Manor Court Rolls for Newcastle which include the area of Penkhull where in fact the manor courts were held from c1530 dated from the mid 14th century.
Penkhull was developed by Josiah Spode II as a dormitory suburb of Stoke. The ecclesiastical parish was created out of the parish of Stoke in 1844 when the church of St. Thomas was built by Scott and Moffatt the Revd Thomas Webb Minton, the son of Thomas Minton and Rector of Darlington gave the sum of £2,000 to be invested from which the interest provided an income for the Vicar. The aisles were added in 1892 by Edward Prioleau Warren.
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Penkridge
Coordinates: 52°43′31″N 2°06′59″W / 52.7252°N 2.1164°W / 52.7252; -2.1164
Penkridge is a market town and ancient parish in Staffordshire, England with a population of 7,836 (Census 2001). Many locals refer to it as a village, although it has a long history as an ecclesiastical and commercial centre. Its main distinction in the Middle Ages was as the site of an important collegiate church, which still dominates the skyline. It has continued to prosper mainly because of its favourable location on regional transport links.
Penkridge is a parish unit within the East Cuttlestone Hundred of Staffordshire. Its boundaries have varied considerably over the centuries. The ancient parish of Penkridge, as defined from 1551 (although it existed in much the same form throughout the Middle Ages), was made up of four distinct townships: Penkridge itself, Coppenhall, Dunston, and Stretton. As a place with its own institutions of local government, the parish was also known as Penkridge Borough.
Penkridge became a civil parish in the 1830s and in 1866 was shorn of the three smaller townships, which became separate parishes. It was constituted as a parish of four distinct constablewicks: Penkridge, Levedale, Pillaton, and Whiston. In 1934, the civil parish exchanged some territory with the surrounding parishes to rationalise the boundaries, acquiring the whole of the former civil parish of Kinvaston in the process. The present civil parish thus consists of the following settlements:
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Perth, Scotland
Coordinates: 56°23′49″N 3°26′14″W / 56.396911°N 3.437262°W / 56.396911; -3.437262
Perth (Scottish Gaelic: Peairt) is a city in central Scotland, located on the banks of the River Tay. It is the administrative centre of Perth and Kinross council area and the historic county town of Perthshire. According to a 2008 estimate, Perth has a population of 44,820. Perth has been known as The Fair City since the publication of the story Fair Maid of Perth by Scottish writer Sir Walter Scott in 1828. During the later medieval period the town was also called St John's Toun or Saint Johnstoun by its inhabitants in reference to the main church dedicated to St John the Baptist.
The name Perth comes from a Pictish word for wood or copse. There has been a settlement at Perth since prehistoric times, on a natural mound raised slightly above the flood plain of the Tay, where the river could be crossed at low tide. The area surrounding the modern city is known to have been occupied by Mesolithic hunter-gatherers since their arrival more than 8000 years ago. Nearby Neolithic standing stones and circles also exist, dating from about 4000 BC, following the introduction of farming in the area.
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Peterborough
Peterborough (
/ˈpiːtərbrə/ or 
i/ˈpiːtərbərə/) is a cathedral city and unitary authority area in the East of England, with an estimated population of 173,400 in June 2007. For ceremonial purposes it is in the county of Cambridgeshire. Situated 75 miles (121 km) north of London, the city stands on the River Nene which flows into the North Sea approximately 30 miles (48 km) to the north-east. The railway station is an important stop on the East Coast Main Line.
The local topography is flat and low-lying, and in some places lies below sea level. The area known as the Fens is to the east of Peterborough. The City of Peterborough includes the outlying military installation of RAF Wittering, and as a unitary authority it borders Northamptonshire and Rutland to the west, Lincolnshire to the north, and Cambridgeshire to the south and east.
Human settlement in the area dates back to before the Bronze Age, as can be seen at the Flag Fen archaeological site to the east of the current city centre. This site also shows evidence of Roman occupation. The Anglo-Saxon period saw the establishment of a monastery, then known as Medeshamstede, which later became Peterborough Cathedral. The population grew rapidly following the arrival of the railways in the 19th century, and Peterborough became an industrial centre, particularly noted for its brick manufacture.
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Plymouth
Plymouthi/ˈplɪməθ/ is a city and unitary authority area on the south coast of Devon, England, about 190 miles (310 km) south-west of London. It is situated between the mouths of the rivers Plym to the east and Tamar to the west, where they join Plymouth Sound. Since 1967, the City of Plymouth has included the suburbs of Plympton and Plymstock, which are on the east side of the River Plym.
Plymouth's history goes back to the Bronze Age, when its first settlement grew at Mount Batten. This settlement continued to grow as a trading post for the Roman Empire, until the more prosperous village of Sutton, the current Plymouth, surpassed it. In 1620, the Pilgrim Fathers left Plymouth for the New World and established Plymouth Colony – the second English settlement in what is now the United States of America. During the English Civil War the town was held by the Parliamentarians and was besieged between 1642 and 1646.
Throughout the Industrial Revolution, Plymouth grew as a major commercial shipping port, handling imports and passengers from the Americas, while the neighbouring town of Devonport grew as an important Royal Naval shipbuilding and dockyard town. In 1914 the three neighbouring and independent towns, viz., the county borough of Plymouth, the county borough of Devonport, and the urban district of East Stonehouse were merged to form a single County Borough. The new, merged town took the name of Plymouth which, in 1928, achieved city status. The city's naval importance later led to its targeting and partial destruction during World War II, an act known as the Plymouth Blitz. After the war the city centre was completely rebuilt.
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Poole
Coordinates: 50°43′N 1°59′W / 50.717°N 1.983°W / 50.717; -1.983
Poole ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a large coastal town and seaport in the county of Dorset, on the south coast of England. The town is 33 kilometres (21 mi) east of Dorchester, and Bournemouth adjoins Poole to the east. The Borough of Poole was made a unitary authority in 1997, gaining administrative independence from Dorset County Council. The town had a population of 138,288 according to the 2001 census, making it the second largest settlement in Dorset. Together with Bournemouth and Christchurch, the town forms the South East Dorset conurbation with a total population of over 400,000.
Human settlement in the area dates back to before the Iron Age. The earliest recorded use of the town’s name was in the 12th century when the town began to emerge as an important port, prospering with the introduction of the wool trade. In later centuries the town had important trade links with North America and at its peak in the 18th century it was one of the busiest ports in Britain. During the Second World War the town was one of the main departing points for the D-Day landings of the Normandy Invasion.
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Portsmouth
Portsmouth (i/ˈpɔːtsməθ/) is the second largest city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire on the south coast of England. Portsmouth is notable for being the United Kingdom's only island city; it is located mainly on Portsea Island. It is situated 64 miles (103 km) south west from London and 19 miles (31 km) south east from Southampton.
As a significant naval port for centuries, Portsmouth is home to the world's oldest dry dock still in use and also home to some famous ships, including HMS Warrior, the Tudor carrack Mary Rose and Lord Nelson's flagship, HMS Victory. Although smaller than in its heyday, the naval base remains a major dockyard and base for the Royal Navy and Royal Marine Commandos whose Headquarters resides there. There is also a thriving commercial ferryport serving destinations on the continent for freight and passenger traffic. The City of Portsmouth and Portsmouth Football Club are both nicknamed Pompey.
The Spinnaker Tower is a striking recent addition to the city's skyline. It can be found in the redeveloped former HMS Vernon, formerly a shore establishment or 'stone frigate' of the Royal Navy, now an area of retail outlets, restaurants, clubs and bars now known as Gunwharf Quays.
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Reading, Berkshire
Reading (i/ˈrɛdɪŋ/ RED-ing) is a large town and unitary authority area in England. It is located in the Thames Valley at the confluence of the River Thames and River Kennet, and on both the Great Western Main Line railway and the M4 motorway, some 40 miles (64 km) west of London.
The Borough of Reading has a population of 145,700 (2008 estimate) and the town formed the largest part of the Reading/Wokingham Urban Area which had a population of 369,804 (2001 census). The town is currently represented in the UK parliament by two members, and has been continuously represented there since 1295. For ceremonial purposes the town is in the county of Berkshire and has served as its county town since 1867, previously sharing this status with Abingdon.
The first evidence for Reading as a settlement dates from the 8th century. Reading was an important centre in the medieval period, as the site of Reading Abbey, a monastery with strong royal connections. The town was seriously impacted by the Civil War, with a major siege and loss of trade, and played a pivotal role in the Revolution of 1688, with that revolution's only significant military action fought on the streets of the town. The 19th century saw the coming of the Great Western Railway and the development of the town's brewing, baking and seed growing businesses.
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Redcar and Cleveland
The borough of Redcar & Cleveland is a unitary authority in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England consisting of Redcar, Saltburn-by-the-Sea, Guisborough, and small towns such as Brotton, Eston, Skelton and Loftus. It had a resident population of 139,132 in 2001, and is part of the Tees Valley economic area. It is represented in Parliament by Ian Swales (Liberal Democrat) for the Redcar constituency and by Tom Blenkinsop (Labour) for the Middlesbrough South and East Cleveland constituency.
The district was created in 1974 as the borough of Langbaurgh, one of four districts of the new non-metropolitan county of Cleveland. It was formed from the Coatham, Kirkleatham, Ormesby, Redcar and South Bank wards of the county borough of Teesside, along with Guisborough, Loftus, Saltburn and Marske-by-the-Sea, Eston Grange and Skelton and Brotton urban districts, from the North Riding of Yorkshire. The borough was named after the ancient Langbaurgh wapentake of Yorkshire. On 1 January 1988 the borough was renamed as Langbaurgh-on-Tees.
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Redditch
Redditch is a town and local government district in north-east Worcestershire, England, approximately 15 miles (24 km) south of Birmingham. The district had a population of 79,216 in 2005. In the 19th century it became the international centre for the needle and fishing tackle industry. At one point 90% of the world's needles were manufactured in the town and its neighbourhoods. In the 1960s it became a model for modern new town planning.
Redditch lies just south of the West Midlands urban area but is not part of it (being in Worcestershire), northwest of Studley on the A435, which skirts it to the east. The main route of access is the A441, a trunk road from Birmingham to Cookhill, via junction 2 of the M42 Motorway. The Roman Road known as Icknield Street is prominent, running north to south through the eastern side of the town.
Redditch experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb) similar to almost all of the United Kingdom.
The first recorded mention of Redditch ("Red-Dych", thought to be a reference to the red clay of the nearby River Arrow) is in 1348, the year of the outbreak of the Black Death. During the Middle Ages it became a centre of needle-making and later prominent industries were fish-hooks, fishing tackle, motorcycles and springs, the latter notably by Herbert Terry and Sons. It was designated a new town in 1964 and the population increased dramatically from 32,000 to around 77,000. Housing developments such as Church Hill, Matchborough, Winyates, Lodge Park and Woodrow were created to accommodate the large overspill from an industrially expanding Birmingham. Redditch was built as a 'flagship' town using new methods and new town planning; all the main roads (mostly new dual carriageways as well as a ring road for the town centre) in Redditch were banked to reduce noise to the new housing estates and the whole of Redditch was landscaped.
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Ripon
Coordinates: 54°08′17″N 1°31′25″W / 54.13796°N 1.52365°W / 54.13796; -1.52365
Ripon is a cathedral city, market town and successor parish in the Borough of Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England, located at the confluence of two streams of the River Ure in the form of the Laver and Skell. The city is noted for its main feature the Ripon Cathedral which is architecturally significant, as well as the Ripon Racecourse and other features such as its market. The city itself is just over 1,300 years old.
The city was originally known as Inhrypum and was founded by Saint Wilfrid during the time of Angle kingdom Northumbria, a period during which it enjoyed prominence in terms of religious importance in Great Britain. After a period of Viking control, it passed to the Cerdic dynasty who unified England and then the Normans who destroyed much of the city. After a brief period of building projects under the Plantagenets, the city emerged with a prominent wool and cloth industry. Ripon became well known for its production of spurs during the 16th and 17th century, but would later remain largely unaffected by the Industrial Revolution.
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River Anker
The River Anker is a river in England. The river flows through the centre of Nuneaton towards Tamworth in Staffordshire. The river continues on before merging with the River Tame in Tamworth. The Anker is popular with anglers and is known to contain some large pike and chub.
The River Anker has flooded Nuneaton several times in the past until a storm burst flood relief in Weddington made sure that the river would not flood Nuneaton Town Centre.
In 2007 the river flooded Liberty Way, forcing Nuneaton Borough and Nuneaton RFC to cancel matches while the river water was cleared up.
The river's name is used for Anker Radio, a radio station in Nuneaton which broadcasts within George Eliot Hospital in the town.
Coordinates: 52°37′N 1°41′W / 52.617°N 1.683°W / 52.617; -1.683
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River Churnet
The River Churnet is a river that flows in Staffordshire, England. It is a tributary of the River Dove.
The origins of the name "Churnet" are unknown, though it is thought to derive from the pre-English, British name for the river.
The source of the river is located over 1,000 feet (300 m) above sea level in the Staffordshire moorlands, near to the Gritstone escarpment of the Roaches, and next to the A53 Leek to Buxton road and only a few hundred yards away from Black Brook which ultimately, through the Dane and Weaver, flows into the Irish Sea; however the Churnet, through the Dove, Trent and Humber Estuary ultimately flows into the North Sea.
After flowing downhill for a few miles it reaches Tittesworth reservoir, a major supplier of fresh water to the Potteries and Leek. After it leaves the dam at Tittesworth, it flows into the ancient market town of Leek, where it was used until quite recently[when?] to aid the manufacture of dyes that were used in the town's textile and silk industries. South of Cheddleton, the river flows through the Churnet Valley, an area of outstanding beauty with ancient woodland, an abundance of wildlife and industrial heritage.
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River Wheelock
The River Wheelock is a small river in Cheshire in north west England. It drains water from the area between Sandbach and Crewe, and joins the River Dane at Middlewich (grid reference SJ693669), and then the combined river flows into the River Weaver in Northwich. Alternative names for the river have were recorded in 1619 as Sutton Watter, Sutton Brooke, and Lawton Brooke.
Early recorded variations of the name Wheelock have included Quelok, Qwelok, Whelok, Whelocke, with later forms using Wheelock Watter and Wheelock Brooke. The name is said to mean "winding river" and it is reported to have based on the Old Welsh word chwylog, the chwyl part of which means "a turn, a rotation, a course", with an adjective suffix of og. The river has given its name to the large village of Wheelock.
Coordinates: 53°11′51″N 2°27′31″W / 53.19747°N 2.4586°W / 53.19747; -2.4586
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Rugby (borough)
The Borough of Rugby is a local government district with borough status in eastern Warwickshire, England.
The borough comprises the town of Rugby where the council has its headquarters, and the rural areas surrounding the town.
The borough has a population of just over 91,000. Of these, over 60,000 live in the town of Rugby, with the remainder living in the rural areas surrounding the town.
The borough stretches from Coventry to the west, to the borders with Northamptonshire and Leicestershire to the east. It borders the Warwickshire districts of Warwick to the south-west, Stratford to the south, and Nuneaton and Bedworth to the north-west.
The present borough was created on 1 April 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972. It was created by a merger of the municipal borough of Rugby (which covered the town of Rugby) and the Rugby Rural District.
The town of Rugby had gained the status of an urban district in 1894 [1]. At the same time the Rugby Rural District was created covering the surrounding countryside. The town and rural district had separate councils, both based in Rugby.
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Rugeley
Coordinates: 52°45′36″N 1°56′20″W / 52.7599°N 1.9388°W / 52.7599; -1.9388
Rugeley is an historic market town in the county of Staffordshire, England. It lies on the northern edge of Cannock Chase, and is situated roughly midway between the towns of Stafford, Cannock, Lichfield and Uttoxeter. The population as at the 2001 census was 22,724 (including the Brereton and Etchinghill wards).
The town was a centre of coal mining until 1991, when the Lea Hall Colliery was demolished. The Rugeley B coal-fired power station dominates the skyline where a flue gas desulphurisation plant has been constructed. This will allow it to continue to generate electricity and comply with environmental legislation. The former Rugeley A station took its fuel directly from the neighbouring mine by conveyor belt (this is a disputed fact as the mines coal was of poor quality). This was the first such arrangement in Britain. It is twinned with Western Springs, Illinois in the United States.
Rugeley has two railway stations, Rugeley Town and Rugeley Trent Valley, which lie on the Chase Line connecting Rugeley, Walsall and Birmingham. This line has not yet been electrified, and so the service is functional but slow, a typical end-to-end journey taking 54 minutes. Rugeley Trent Valley also lies on the West Coast Main Line, and now has a regular hourly service to London via Lichfield, Nuneaton, Rugby and Milton Keynes, and to Crewe via Stafford and Stoke-on-Trent.
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Rutland
Coordinates: 52°39′20.00″N 0°39′30.00″W / 52.65556°N 0.65833°W / 52.65556; -0.65833
Rutland ( /ˈrʌtlənd/) is a landlocked county in central England, bounded on the west and north by Leicestershire, northeast by Lincolnshire and southeast by Peterborough (a unitary authority ceremonially in Cambridgeshire) and Northamptonshire.
Its greatest length north to south is only 18 miles (29.0 km), greatest breadth east to west, 17 miles (27.4 km). It is the smallest (in terms of population) normal unitary authority in mainland England (only the City of London is smaller in terms of area), and is 348th of the 354 districts in terms of population. It is the smallest historic English county, leading to the adoption of the Latin motto Multum In Parvo or "much in little" by the county council in 1950. Among modern ceremonial counties the Isle of Wight, City of London and City of Bristol are all smaller. The former County of London, in existence 1889 to 1965, also had a smaller area.
The only towns in Rutland are Oakham, the county town, and Uppingham. At the centre of the county is the large artificial reservoir, Rutland Water, with a similar surface area to Windermere. It is an important nature reserve serving as an overwintering site for wildfowl and a breeding site for ospreys. The town of Stamford is just over the border in a protruding part of Lincolnshire.
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Salisbury
Coordinates: 51°04′26″N 1°47′37″W / 51.0740°N 1.7936°W / 51.0740; -1.7936
Salisbury ( /ˈsɔːlzbri/ SAWLZ-bree or /ˈsɒlzbri/ SOLZ-bree, or locally /ˈsɔːzbri/) is a cathedral city in Wiltshire, England and the only city in the county. It is the second largest settlement in the county (the largest being Swindon). It has also been called New Sarum to distinguish it from the original site of settlement to the north of the city at Old Sarum, but this alternative name is not in common use.
The city is located in the south-east of Wiltshire, near the edge of Salisbury Plain. It sits at the confluence of five rivers: the Nadder, Ebble, Wylye and Bourne are tributary to the Avon, which flows to the south coast and into the sea at Christchurch, Dorset. Salisbury railway station serves the city, and is the crossing point between the West of England Main Line and the Wessex Main Line, making it a regional interchange.
Although the actual city was not established until 1220, there has been a settlement in the area since prehistory. There is evidence of Neolithic settlement on the hilltop of Old Sarum, which became a hill fort in the Iron Age. The Romans called this fort "Sorviodunum" and may also have occupied the fort. The Saxons established themselves there called it "Searesbyrig" and the Normans built a castle or "Seresberi". By 1086, in the Domesday Book, it was called "Salesberie".
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Sandwell
Sandwell is a metropolitan borough of the West Midlands with a population of around 289,100, and an area of 33 square miles (85 km2). The borough is named after Sandwell Priory, and spans a densely populated part of both the Black Country, and the West Midlands conurbation, encompassing the urban towns of Blackheath, Cradley Heath, Oldbury, Rowley Regis, Smethwick, Tipton, Tividale, Wednesbury, and West Bromwich. West Bromwich is the most populous town in Sandwell, but Sandwell Council House (the headquarters of Sandwell's local government) is located at Oldbury.
The Metropolitan Borough of Sandwell was formed in 1974 as part of the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972 and is an amalgamation of the former County Borough of Warley and County Borough of West Bromwich. For its first 12 years Sandwell had a two-tier system of local government; Sandwell Council shared power with the West Midlands County Council. Since the Local Government Act 1985 Sandwell Council has effectively been a unitary authority, serving as the sole executive, deliberative and legislative body responsible for local policy, setting council tax, and allocating budget in the district.
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Scunthorpe
Coordinates: 53°34′51″N 0°39′01″W / 53.5809°N 0.6502°W / 53.5809; -0.6502
Scunthorpe is a town in North Lincolnshire, England. It is the administrative centre of the North Lincolnshire unitary authority, and had an estimated total resident population of 72,514 in 2010. A predominantly industrial town, Scunthorpe, the United Kingdom's largest steel processing centre, is also known as the "Industrial Garden Town". It is the third largest settlement in Lincolnshire after Grimsby and Lincoln.
The town appears in the Domesday Book (1086) as Escumetorp, which is Old Norse for "Skuma's homestead", a site which is believed to be in the town centre close to where the present-day Market Hill is located.
Scunthorpe was close to the epicentre (this was centred at Ludford, near Louth) of one of the largest earthquakes experienced in the British Isles on 27 February 2008, with a magnitude of 5.2. Significant shocks were felt in Scunthorpe and the surrounding North Lincolnshire area. The main 10-second quake, which struck at 00:56 GMT at a depth of 9.6 mi (15.4 km), was the biggest recorded example since one with a magnitude of 5.4 struck north Wales in 1984.
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Sheffield
Sheffieldi/ˈʃɛfiːld/ is a city and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England. Its name derives from the River Sheaf, which runs through the city. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, and with some of its southern suburbs annexed from Derbyshire, the city has grown from its largely industrial roots to encompass a wider economic base. The population of the City of Sheffield is 555,500 (2010 est.) and it is one of the eight largest regional English cities that make up the English Core Cities Group.
During the 19th century, Sheffield gained an international reputation for steel production. Many innovations were developed locally, including crucible and stainless steel, fuelling an almost tenfold increase in the population during the Industrial Revolution. Sheffield received its municipal charter in 1843, becoming the City of Sheffield in 1893. International competition in iron and steel caused a decline in traditional local industries during the 1970s and 1980s, coinciding with the collapse of coal mining in the area.
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Shelley's Laserdome
Shelley's Laserdome was a night club in Longton, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire. It was at the heart of the house and rave scene of the late 1980s and early 90s too, helping to launch the career of Sasha and featuring regular appearances from Carl Cox, until it was eventually shut down by Staffordshire Police.
The club's heyday, circa 1991, saw a number of DJs at the beginnings of their careers: both Dave Seaman and Sasha were resident, who later found fame and success on a global scale.
The most popular event was named "Delight" and the club gained many of the crowd from Manchester, who were formerly patrons of The Haçienda.
The friendly nightclub has since become legendary because of the diverse crowd (Shelley's was half way between Manchester and Birmingham), quickly making its mark on clubbing history with help from first-rate, pioneering DJs of the emerging UK house music scene.
Before becoming a hit with ravers the Shelleys building had been used as a roller rink in the early part of the 20th century, before becoming the Panopticon Theatre, and then later Alexandra Palace Cinema. After closing as a cinema in the fifties, it housed bingo and shops.
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Shelton Bar
Shelton Bar was a 400-acre (1.6 km2) major steelworks in the city of Stoke-on-Trent, England. In its heyday, Shelton Bar employed 10,000 in the steelworks, had five coal mines, a complete railway system, and a by-products processing factory.
The main site began around 1830, was rapidly developed in the 1840s by the 4th Earl Granville. Many coal mines were also sunk on the site, and railways built into the site. In 1920 the company was acquired by John Summers & Sons, who developed the site into an efficient modern steelworks. During World War II it was a frequent target for German bombers, it being impossible to fully blackout the light from the huge blast furnaces. Shelton Bar came under nationalised ownership in 1951, only to be denationalised by the Tory government in 1953. The works was re-nationalised again in 1967 by the Labour Party and the main works was closed in 1978, after which the eastern 200 acres (0.81 km2) of the site was reclaimed for the 1986 National Garden Festival site, the Stoke-on-Trent Garden Festival.
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Shropshire
Shropshire ( /ˈʃrɒpʃər/ or /ˈʃrɒpʃɪər/; alternatively Salop; abbreviated, in print only, Shrops) is a county in the West Midlands region of England. It borders Wales to the west, Cheshire to the north, Staffordshire to the east, Worcestershire to the south-east and Herefordshire to the south. A unitary authority (Shropshire Council) was created on 1 April 2009, taking over from the previous county council and 5 district councils, and covers most of the county. The borough of Telford and Wrekin, included in Shropshire for ceremonial purposes, has been a separate unitary authority since 1998.
The county's population and economy is centred on five towns: the county town of Shrewsbury, which is culturally and historically important and is located in the centre of the county;Telford, a new town in the east which was constructed around a number of older towns, most notably Wellington, Dawley and Madeley, which is today the most populous; and Oswestry in the north-west, Bridgnorth just to the south of Telford, and Ludlow in the south. The county has many further smaller towns, including Whitchurch in the north, Newport just to the north-east of Telford, and Market Drayton in the north-east of the county.
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Sideway
Coordinates: 53°02′31″N 2°13′01″W / 53.042°N 2.217°W / 53.042; -2.217
Sideway (pronounced "Siddaway") is an area of Stoke-on-Trent, approximately one mile south west of Stoke-upon-Trent. It is located on the junction of the A500 and the A50 adjacent to the Britannia Stadium.
The area around the stadium was formerly a spoil tip for the Hem Heath Colliery, which closed in the mid-1990s; the stadium itself opened in 1997. The surrounding area has also been redeveloped and is home to a hotel, restaurant, health club and a number of car dealerships.
Sideway is also home to a Michelin factory, a Medium Wave transmitter for Virgin Radio, Signal 2 and Radio Stoke, and the base of Marcroft Engineering, a railway wagon repair company.
There are proposals to build a park and ride station in this area, taking advantage of its location on the A500 and A50.
Sidders!
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Slough
Coordinates: 51°30′36″N 0°35′35″W / 51.51°N 0.593056°W / 51.51; -0.593056
Sloughi/ˈslaʊ/ is a borough and unitary authority within the ceremonial county of Royal Berkshire, England. The town straddles the A4 Bath Road (it becomes the Great West Road closer to London) and the Great Western Main Line, 22 miles (35 km) west of central London. At the 2001 census, the population of Slough was 119,070 (est. 122,000 in 2006) and the borough area was the most ethnically diverse local authority area outside London in the United Kingdom. Slough has the highest proportion of religious adherents in England.
Historically, the larger part of the present-day Slough area was formerly in Buckinghamshire with a small part of the borough originally in Middlesex. Slough is home to the Slough Trading Estate, which, coupled with extensive transport links, makes it an important business centre in South East England. It is the largest industrial estate in single private ownership in Europe.
Slough is at grid reference SU978797, just west of Greater London. Nearby towns are Windsor to the south, Maidenhead to the west, Uxbridge to the northeast and Beaconsfield to the north.
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Smallthorne
Coordinates: 53°03′06″N 2°10′24″W / 53.0516°N 2.1733°W / 53.0516; -2.1733
Smallthorne (population: 4,161 - 2001 Census) is an area in the city of Stoke-on-Trent in Staffordshire, England. It is in the north-east of the city, near Burslem. Smallthorne borders Bradeley in the north, Norton-in-the-Moors in the east, Sneyd Green in the south, and Burslem in the west.
Although all of Smallthorne falls comfortably within Stoke-on-Trent North parliamentary constituency, for local government purposes it was split between two different electoral wards: Burslem North and East Valley. The part of Smallthorne that falls within East Valley is sometimes referred to as New Ford and has an active Residents Association of the same name. The Burslem North part of Smallthorne also has an active residents association and has chosen to call itself Smallthorne Village Residents Association who Paul Reed is chair of. In 2011 Smallthorne was united and became a single ward, with one Councillor elected (The labour party candidate Matt Wilcox who previously came from the East Valley ward). This was due to the Boundaries Commission mandate to reduce the amount of councilors governing Stoke On Trent.
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Sneyd Green
Coordinates: 53°02′30″N 2°10′00″W / 53.0416°N 2.1667°W / 53.0416; -2.1667
Sneyd Green (population: 7,220 - 2001 Census) is an area in the city of Stoke-on-Trent in Staffordshire, England. It is in the north-east of the city, approx. 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from Hanley. Sneyd Green borders Smallthorne in the north, Milton in the east, Birches Head in the south, and Cobridge in the west.
Most of Sneyd Green falls within Stoke-on-Trent North (UK Parliament constituency), the remainder is in Stoke Central. For local government purposes the greater part of Sneyd Green is in the East Valley electoral ward. Those parts not in East Valley are split between 'Northwood & Birches Head' and 'Burslem South'. That part of Sneyd Green that falls within Burslem South is sometimes referred to as 'Old Sneyd Green'.
There are twenty wards in the City, each with a population of around 12,000 people and each returning three elected councillors to the Council chamber.
In addition to the City’s electoral wards there are 49 ‘neighbourhood areas’ of which Sneyd Green is one. These neighbourhood areas, a recent attempt by the Council to better describe the geography of the City, have been adopted by the Stoke-on-Trent Local Strategic Partnership and form the basis of the new Local Area Agreements.
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South Staffordshire
South Staffordshire is a local government district in Staffordshire, England. The district lies to the north and west of Wolverhampton and the West Midlands, bordering Shropshire to the west and Worcestershire to the south. It contains no towns of major size and many of the settlements within the district are dormitory villages for Stafford, Wolverhampton, Birmingham and Telford.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, by the merger of Cannock Rural District (in the north) and Seisdon Rural District (in the south).
Its council is based in Codsall, one of the larger settlements in the district, along with Brewood, Cheslyn Hay, Great Wyrley, Kinver, Landywood, Penkridge, Perton and Wombourne. Other villages in the district include Coven, Essington, Featherstone, Gospel End, Huntington, Lower Penn, Pattingham, Seisdon and Trysull.
The district covers a similar geographic area to South Staffordshire parliamentary constituency, although the north of the district is covered by the Stafford (UK Parliament constituency). Sir Patrick Cormack of the Conservative Party held the South Staffordshire seat, and its predecessors, between 1970–2010, when he retired and the seat was won by Gavin Williamson for the Conservative Party.
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South Yorkshire
South Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. It has a population of 1.29 million. It consists of four metropolitan boroughs: Barnsley, Doncaster, Rotherham, and City of Sheffield. South Yorkshire was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972.
Lying on the east side of the Pennines, South Yorkshire is landlocked, and borders Derbyshire (to the south-west), West Yorkshire (to the northwest), North Yorkshire (to the north), the East Riding of Yorkshire (to the northeast), Lincolnshire (to the east) and Nottinghamshire (to the southeast). The Sheffield Urban Area is the ninth most populous conurbation in the UK, and dominates the western half of South Yorkshire with over half of the county's population living within it.
South Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now effectively unitary authority areas; however, the metropolitan county, which is some 1,552 square kilometres (599 sq mi), continues to exist in law and as a geographic frame of reference. As a ceremonial county, South Yorkshire has a Lord Lieutenant and a High Sheriff.
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Southampton
Southamptoni/saʊθˈhæmptən/ is the largest city in the county of Hampshire on the south coast of England, and is situated 120 kilometres (75 mi) south-west of London and 30 kilometres (19 mi) north-west of Portsmouth. Southampton is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest. It lies at the northernmost point of Southampton Water at the confluence of the River Test and River Itchen, with the River Hamble joining to the south of the urban area. The local authority is Southampton City Council, which is a unitary authority.
The city represents the core of the Greater Southampton region, and the city itself has an estimated population of 239,700 Southampton combines with Portsmouth to form a single metropolitan area; with a population of over a million this makes the region one of the United Kingdom's most populous metropolitan areas. The city's name is sometimes abbreviated in writing to "So'ton" or "Soton", and a resident of Southampton is called a Sotonian.
Significant employers in Southampton include the University of Southampton, Southampton Airport, the Ford Transit factory, Ordnance Survey, BBC South, the NHS, ABP and Carnival. Southampton is noted for its association with the RMS Titanic, the Spitfire and more recently a number of the largest cruise ships in the world.
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Southend-on-Sea
Southend-on-Sea ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a unitary authority area, town, and seaside resort in Essex, England. The district has Borough status, and comprises the towns of Chalkwell, Eastwood, Leigh-on-Sea, North Shoebury, Prittlewell, Shoeburyness, Southchurch, Thorpe Bay, and Westcliff-on-Sea. The district is situated within the Thames Gateway on the north side of the Thames estuary 40 miles (64 km) east of central London. It is bordered to the north by Rochford and to the west by Castle Point. It is home to the longest leisure pier in the world, The Southend Pier.London Southend Airport is located 2 Miles north of the town Center, and is one of London's 6 Major Airports.
Originally the "south end" of the village of Prittlewell, Southend became a seaside resort during the Georgian era, attracting many tourists in the summer months to its seven miles[citation needed] of beaches and bathing in the sea. Good rail connections and proximity to London mean that much of the economy has been based on tourism, and that Southend has been a dormitory town for city workers ever since. Southend Pier is the world's longest pleasure pier at 1.34 miles (2158m). It has suffered fires and ship collisions, most recently in October 2005, but the basic pier structure has been repaired each time. There has been significant loss of pier-head facilities since the major fire in 1976.
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Spode Museum
The Spode Museum Trust was established in 1987, in order to protect the Spode Archive in perpetuity. The Spode Archive includes some 40,000 ceramic items spanning over 200 years from the late 18th Century to 2008. It also includes some 25,000 engraved copper plates from which transfer prints were made for printed ceramic wares. There are also collections of antique factory tools, furniture and moulds and ¼ million Spode and Copeland documents including watercolour paintings of some 70,000 ceramic patterns.
Because of time span and its near-completeness, the Archive enables unique insight into the history of a world famous factory from the Industrial Revolution to the present, its owners and employees during three centuries and its relevance to the local economy. The ceramics collection is of international standing, and ranges from spectacular items made for the very wealthy and the great 19th Century exhibitions to a definitive collection of Spode blue and white printed earthenwares and a wide variety of more ordinary wares made for domestic and export markets.
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Stafford
Coordinates: 52°48′24″N 2°07′02″W / 52.8066°N 2.1171°W / 52.8066; -2.1171
Stafford is the county town of Staffordshire, in the West Midlands region of England. It lies approximately 16 miles (26 km) north of Wolverhampton and 18 miles (29 km) south of Stoke-on-Trent, adjacent to the M6 motorway Junction 13 to Junction 14. The population of Stafford was given in the 2001 census as 63,681, with that of the wider borough of Stafford as 122,000, making Stafford the fourth largest settlement in the Ceremonial county, after Stoke on Trent, Tamworth and Newcastle under Lyme.
Stafford means 'ford' by a 'staithe' (landing place). The original settlement was on dry sand and gravel peninsula that provided a strategic crossing point in the marshy valley of the River Sow, a tributary of the River Trent. There is still a large area of marshland northwest of the town, which has always been subject to flooding, such as in 1947, 2000 and 2007.
It's thought Stafford was founded in about 700 AD by Mercian prince called Bertelin who, according to legend, established a hermitage on the peninsular named Betheney or Bethnei. Until recently it was thought that the remains of a wooden preaching cross from this time had been found under the remains of St Bertelin's chapel, next to the later collegiate Church of St Mary in the centre of the town. Recent re-examination of the evidence shows this was a misinterpretation – it was a tree trunk coffin placed centrally in the first, timber, chapel at around the time Æthelflæd founded the burh, in 913 AD. The tree trunk coffin may have been placed there as an object of commemoration or veneration of St Bertelin.
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Staffordshire
Staffordshire (/ˈstæfərdʃɪər/ or /ˈstæfərdʃaɪər/; abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. Part of the National Forest lies within its borders. It adjoins the ceremonial counties of Cheshire (to the north west), Derbyshire (to the east), Leicestershire (to the east), Warwickshire (to the south east), West Midlands (to the south), Worcestershire (to the south), and Shropshire (to the west).
The largest city in Staffordshire is Stoke-on-Trent, which is administered separately from the rest of the county as an independent unitary authority. Lichfield also has city status, although this is a considerably smaller cathedral city. Major towns include Stafford (the county town), Burton upon Trent, Cannock, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Leek and Tamworth.
Wolverhampton, Walsall, West Bromwich and Smethwick were also in Staffordshire until local government reorganisation in 1974, but are now within the West Midlands County in the West Midlands Conurbation.
With the exception of Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire is divided into the districts of Cannock Chase, East Staffordshire, Lichfield, Newcastle-under-Lyme, South Staffordshire, Stafford, Staffordshire Moorlands, and Tamworth.
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Staffordshire Hoard
Coordinates: 52°39′19″N 1°54′24″W / 52.65528°N 1.90667°W / 52.65528; -1.90667
The Staffordshire Hoard is the largest hoard of Anglo-Saxon gold and silver metalwork yet found[update]. Discovered in a field near the village of Hammerwich, near Lichfield, in Staffordshire, England on 5 July 2009, it consists of over 3,500 items that are nearly all martial in character, and contains no objects specific to female uses.The artefacts have tentatively been dated to the 7th or 8th centuries, placing the origin of the items in the time of the Kingdom of Mercia.
The hoard has been described by Leslie Webster, former keeper of the department of prehistory at the British Museum, as "absolutely the metalwork equivalent of finding a new Lindisfarne Gospels or Book of Kells" and stated further that "this is going to alter our perceptions of Anglo-Saxon England as radically, if not more so, as the Sutton Hoo discoveries". Dr Roger Bland, Head of the Portable Antiquities Scheme, said: "It is a fantastically important discovery. It is assumed that the items were buried by their owners at a time of danger with the intention of later coming back and recovering them."
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Stirling
Coordinates: 56°07′02″N 3°56′23″W / 56.117222°N 3.939722°W / 56.117222; -3.939722
Stirling (Gaelic: Sruighlea pronounced [ˈs̪t̪ruʝlə]) is a city and former ancient burgh in Scotland, and is at the heart of the wider Stirling council area. The city is clustered around a large fortress and medieval old-town beside the River Forth. Historically it was strategically important as the "Gateway to the Highlands", with its position near the boundary between the Scottish Lowlands and Highlands, and its crossing of the Forth, the nearest to the river mouth.
Once the capital of Scotland, Stirling contains the Great Hall (restored 1999) and the Renaissance Palace (restoration completed 2011) within the Castle that rivalled any building in Europe at the time. Stirling also has its medieval parish church, The Church of the Holy Rude, where King James VI was crowned King of Scots on 29 July 1567. The Holy Rude still functions as living church with a service every Sunday.
Stirling is a centre for local government, higher education, retail, and light industry. Its population in 2008 was 33,710, for Stirling itself, the wider urban area including Bridge of Allan and Bannockburn has a population of 45,750. This makes it the smallest city in Scotland: indeed it is smaller than many of Scotland's larger towns.
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Stoke Minster
Coordinates: 53°00′15″N 02°10′53″W / 53.00417°N 2.18139°W / 53.00417; -2.18139
Stoke Minster is the town centre and civic church in Stoke-upon-Trent in England.
Legally known as the church of St. Peter ad Vincula, it was informally renamed Stoke Minster in 2005 in recognition of the important role it plays in the Civic life of Stoke on Trent and north Staffordshire. The dedication to St. Peter ad Vincula ("Saint Peter in Chains") is an ancient and unusual one derived from the Basilica of San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome.
The first church on the site was built in wood in 670. This was replaced by a stone building in 805 and this was further extended over the years. The remains of this old Anglo-Saxon and former collegiate church can still be seen in the churchyard although the prominent re-erected arches date from the 13th century when the chancel was rebuilt. Saxon evidence survives in the baptismal font rescued from use as a garden ornament and restored in 1932 for baptismal use in the church.
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Stoke railway works
Stoke railway works was set up in 1864 by the North Staffordshire Railway in the city of Stoke-on-Trent in the county of Staffordshire, England.
The railway's first engines were supplied by a variety of outside manufacturers: Robert Stephenson and Company, Vulcan Foundry, Hudswell Clarke, Kitson and Company, Neilson and Company, as well as Sharp Brothers and Company who supplied six, including "Dragon" which opened the line in 1848. These were of the class known as "Little Sharpes".
By 1864, the railway owned 64 locomotives. In 1868 the works was ready to build new machines, producing three 0-6-0 tank locomotives similar to a Hudswell Clarke design.
New building finished when the LMS took over, and it closed in 1927, with the work transferring to Crewe.
The site and almost all of the old building now makes up Hyde Park Industrial Estate
Coordinates: 53°0′3″N 2°10′39″W / 53.00083°N 2.1775°W / 53.00083; -2.1775
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Stone, Staffordshire
Coordinates: 52°54′N 2°09′W / 52.9°N 2.15°W / 52.9; -2.15
Stone is an old market town in Staffordshire, England, situated about seven miles north of Stafford, and around seven miles south of the city of Stoke-on-Trent. It is the second town, after Stafford itself, in the Borough of Stafford, and has long been of importance from the point of view of communications. Stone gave its name to both an urban district council and a rural district council before becoming part of the borough in 1974. In 2001 it had a population of 14,555.[citation needed]
Stone was the capital of early Mercia,[citation needed] a powerful Anglian kingdom that later expanded over most of what is now the West Midlands. Christianity arrived via monks from Lindisfarne around the year 650, King Penda of Mercia having invited them in. The capital was later moved to Stafford, and then to Tamworth.
A copper seal from the 7th century Stone Priory, and dated from the 14th century has recently been discovered by a metal detector in Cobham, Surrey. It will be displayed at St Michael and St Wulfad's church in Stone over the Christmas period.
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Swansea
Swansea ( /ˈswɒnzi/ SWONZ-ee; Welsh: Abertawe [abɛrˈtauɛ], "mouth of the Tawe") is a coastal city and county in Wales. Swansea is in the historic county boundaries of Glamorgan. Situated on the sandy South West Wales coast, the county area includes the Gower Peninsula and the Lliw uplands. Swansea had a population of 169,880 in 2001 and is the second most populous city in Wales after Cardiff and the third most populous county in Wales after Cardiff and Rhondda Cynon Taf. During its 19th century industrial heyday, Swansea was one of the key centres of the world copper industry, earning the nickname 'Copperopolis'.
Archaeological finds are mostly confined to the Gower Peninsula, and include items from the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age. The Romans reached the area, as did the Vikings.
Swansea is thought to have originally developed as a Viking trading post. Some think that its name is derived from Sveinn's island (Old Norse: Sveinsey) – the reference to an island may refer to a bank at the mouth of the river Tawe, or perhaps an area of raised ground in marshes. An alternative explanation is that the name derives from the Norse name 'Sweyn' and 'ey', which can mean inlet. The name is pronounced Swans-y /ˈswɒnzi/), not Swan-sea. The Welsh name first appears in Welsh poems at the beginning of the 13th century, as "Aber Tawy".
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Tamworth
Coordinates: 52°37′59″N 1°41′42″W / 52.633°N 1.695°W / 52.633; -1.695
Tamworth is a town and larger local government district in Staffordshire, England, located 14 miles (23 km) north-east of Birmingham city centre and 103 miles (166 km) north-west of London. The town takes its name from the River Tame, which flows through the town, as does the River Anker. At the 2001 census the town had a population of 74,531. Tamworth is the second largest settlement after Stoke-on-Trent and the largest town in Staffordshire.
Tamworth is the home of the historic Tamworth Castle and Moat House, and has a non-league football team, Tamworth FC. The Snowdome, the UK's first full-sized real-snow indoor ski slope is located in Tamworth, and only a short distance away is Drayton Manor Theme Park.
The town's main industries include logistics, engineering, clothing, brick, tile and paper manufacture. It was also home to the Reliant car company, which produced the famous three-wheeled Robin model and the Scimitar sports car for several decades.
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Tamworth (borough)
Tamworth is a local government district with borough status in Staffordshire in England. It is named after its main town also called Tamworth.
Areas of Tamworth include Amington, Belgrave, Bolehall, Coton Green, Dosthill, Glascote, Stonydelph and Wilnecote. The town of Fazeley despite bordering Tamworth is within the Lichfield District.
The borough is completely unparished.
At the last election the Conservative Party held the borough with 23 councilors and Labour held 6 and there was 1 Independent.
One third of Tamworth Council is elected each year, followed by one year where there is an election to Staffordshire County Council instead. Since the last boundary changes in 2002, 30 councillors have been elected from 10 wards.
Since the foundation of the council in 1973 political control of the council has been held by the following parties:
Tamworth Council election, 1998
Tamworth Council election, 1999
Tamworth Council election, 2000
Tamworth Council election, 2002 (whole council elected after boundary changes)
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The Mausoleum
A mausoleum is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or persons. A monument without the interment is a cenotaph. A mausoleum may be considered a type of tomb or the tomb may be considered to be within the mausoleum. A Christian mausoleum sometimes includes a chapel.
The word derives from the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus (near modern-day Bodrum in Turkey), the grave of King Mausolus, the Persian satrap of Caria, whose large tomb was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
Historically, mausolea were, and still may be, large and impressive constructions for a deceased leader or other person of importance. However, smaller mausolea soon became popular with the gentry and nobility in many countries. In the Roman Empire, these were often ranged in necropoles or along roadsides: the via Appia Antica retains the ruins of many private mausolea for miles outside Rome. However, the practice fell out of use when Christianity became dominant.
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The Sugarmill
The Sugarmill, is a live music venue and nightclub situated in Hanley, Stoke-on-Trent, England. The venue was opened in 1995 as The Stage before being renamed in 1999. It launched its main club night, 'Electric' in 1995. Towards the end of 2007 the roof of The Sugarmill was converted so that it could be opened up to the public, and now has toilets, a bar (with TV), seating and heated lamps.
Coordinates: 53°1′30″N 2°10′42″W / 53.025°N 2.17833°W / 53.025; -2.17833
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The Villas
The Villas, Stokeville, is an estate of 24 Victorian houses in Stoke-upon-Trent, England, Originally a distinct settlement set in green fields, it now merges with the late 19th- and early 20th-century suburban sprawl along London Road below Penkhull village on the outskirts of Stoke-on-Trent and within the ward of Stoke and Trent Vale.
Most dating from 1851–55, The Villas was designed by local architect Charles Lynam, who became a prominent architect in Staffordshire, building the Minton Hollins tileworks, for example. In designing The Villas, he chose an Italianate style similar to other Staffordshire buildings, such as Trentham Hall and Alton railway station.
In June 1850, a number of prominent inhabitants of Stoke formed "The Stokeville Building Society". The purpose of the building society was to provide the means and the financial capability for its members to erect, and ultimately own, houses on copyhold land outside the town of Stoke-upon-Trent. The land, 'Big Meadow and Barker's Meadow', containing seven acres, two rods and 18 perches, belonged to the Reverend Thomas Minton, brother of Herbert Minton and son of the founder of Thomas Minton and Sons (later Mintons Ltd), pottery manufacturer of Stoke, and was finally purchased for £1,582 on 3 May 1859.
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Thurrock
Thurrock is a unitary authority with borough status in the English ceremonial county of Essex. It is part of the London commuter belt and an area of regeneration within the Thames Gateway redevelopment zone. The local authority is Thurrock Council.
It lies on the River Thames just to the east of London. With over 18 miles (29 km) of riverfront it covers an area of 64 square miles (166 km²), with more than half defined as Green Belt. With Greater London to the west and the river to the south, the county of Essex abuts the Borough to the north and east, and across the river lies Kent.
The local authority is Thurrock Council. Elections are held 3 out of every 4 years. In the last election in 2012, Labour took control after a period in which no party had overall control.
Thurrock is covered by two parliamentary constituencies. Thurrock includes most of the borough while South Basildon and East Thurrock includes some wards in the east of the borough. Both seats were Conservative gains from Labour at the 2010 general election.
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Trentham Gardens
Trentham Gardens are formal Italianate gardens, and an English landscape park in Trentham, Staffordshire on the southern fringes of the city of Stoke-on-Trent, England. The former house on the site, Trentham Hall, became one of many to be demolished in the 20th century when in 1912, its owner the 4th Duke of Sutherland razed it to the ground. However, the gardens and the park with its lake and woodlands have been preserved. One of the reasons for the demolition of the house was pollution of the River Trent, which flows through the grounds. The pollution causing pottery industry has long gone and there are now kingfishers in the grounds.
The gardens and park at Trentham currently cover some 300 acres (1.2 km²). They were designed as a serpentine park by Capability Brown from 1758 onwards, overlying an earlier formal design attributed to Charles Bridgeman. However, in the twentieth century Trentham Gardens was principally known for the surviving formal gardens laid out in the 1840s by Sir Charles Barry, who also created Italianate gardens at Harewood House and Cliveden.
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Truro
Coordinates: 50°15′36″N 5°03′04″W / 50.260°N 5.051°W / 50.260; -5.051
Truro ( /ˈtrʊəroʊ/; Cornish: Truru) is a city and civil parish in Cornwall, England. The city is the centre for administration, leisure and retail in Cornwall, with a population recorded in the 2001 census of 17,431. Truro urban statistical area, which includes parts of surrounding parishes, has a 2001 census population of 20,920. It is the only city in the county, and the most southern city in Great Britain. People from Truro are known as Truronians.
Truro initially grew as an important centre of trade from its port and then as a stannary town for the mining industry. The city is well known for its cathedral (completed in 1910), cobbled streets, open spaces and Georgian architecture. Places of interest include the Royal Cornwall Museum, the Hall for Cornwall, Cornwall's Courts of Justice and Cornwall Council.
The origin of Truro's name is debated. It is said to be derived from the Cornish tri-veru meaning "three rivers", but references such as the Oxford Dictionary of English Place Names reject this theory. At best, the "tru" part could mean "three", though this is doubtful. An expert on Cornish place-names, Oliver Padel, in his book A popular dictionary of Cornish place-names wrote that the 'three rivers' meaning is "possible".
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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Victoria Ground
The Victoria Ground was the home ground of Stoke City F.C. from 1878 until 1997, when the club relocated to the Britannia Stadium after 119 years. At the time of its demolition it was the oldest operational football league ground in the Football League.
The Victoria Ground had been Stoke City's home since March 1878 and the first match was a friendly against Talke Rangers on 28 March 1878, Stoke won 1–0 before 2,500 spectators. The ground took its name from the nearby Victoria Hotel and was originally an oval shape, built to accommodate a running track and used by the local athletic club. There was an open grass bank at each end, and a small but compact wooden on the east side (Boothen Road) capable of housing 1,000 people. Opposite this stand was another bank which could hold 4,000. The ground remained this way for 30 years during which time Stoke had become members of the Football League. Stoke suffered financial difficulties and dropped out of the league in 1908 and attendances varied during their time out. Stoke got back in to the league in 1919 and the ground had now been improved considerably. There were two good sized grandstands and an extra wooden one which was situated opposite the main stand and could hold 1,000 supporters.
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Warrington
Warrington is a town, borough and unitary authority area of Cheshire, England. It stands on the banks of the River Mersey, which is tidal to the west of the weir at Howley. It lies 16 miles east of Liverpool, 19 miles west of Manchester and 8 miles south of St Helens. The population of the borough is 198,900. Its population has more than doubled since its designation as a New Town in 1968.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Warrington was founded by the Romans at an important crossing place on the River Mersey. A new settlement was established by the Saxons and by the Middle Ages, Warrington had emerged as a market town at a bridging point of the river. A local tradition of textile and tool production dates from this time.
The expansion and urbanisation of Warrington largely coincided with the Industrial Revolution, particularly after the Mersey was made navigable in the 18th century. The West Coast Mainline runs north to south through the town, and the Liverpool to Manchester railway (the Cheshire Lines route) west to east. The Manchester Ship Canal cuts through the south of the borough (west to east). The M6, M56 and M62 motorways form a partial box around the town.
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Warwick (district)
Warwick is a local government district of central Warwickshire in England. The current leader of the district council is Conservative Party member Michael Doody. The council is currently controlled by the Conservative group, who hold 23 of the 46 council seats. Labour and the Liberal Democrats each have 9 councillors, the remaining 5 councillors sitting as independents.
The district comprises the towns of Warwick itself, Leamington Spa, Kenilworth and Whitnash, and also includes the surrounding rural areas. The district is bordered to the south and west by Stratford-on-Avon district to the north-east by Rugby borough and to the north by the metropolitan borough of Coventry.
The district council headquarters are in Leamington Spa. It employs more than 500 people in a four storey building near to the River Leam. The district council deal with issues such as waste management, the collection of council tax, planning/building regulations, council housing and council house repairs.
The district was created on 1 April 1974, by a merger of the former Leamington Spa and Warwick municipal boroughs, the Kenilworth urban district and the Warwick Rural District. The council claimed to have the 33rd cheapest council tax out of the 238 shire districts in the country.
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Warwickshire
Warwickshire (i/ˈwɒrɨkʃər/ or /ˈwɒrɨkʃɪər/) is a landlocked non-metropolitan county in the West Midlands region of England. The county town is Warwick, although the largest town is Nuneaton. The county is famous for being the birthplace of William Shakespeare and George Elliot. Commonly used abbreviations for the county are Warks or Warwicks.
The five districts of North Warwickshire, Nuneaton & Bedworth, Rugby, Warwick and Stratford-on-Avon together form the Warwickshire County Council area, and are within the 1974 boundaries. The shape of the administrative area of Warwickshire differs considerably from that of the historic county, which also includes the now autonomous unitary authorities of Coventry and Solihull, as well as a small area around central and northeast Birmingham.
For Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG13) and is one of three counties that comprise the "Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Warwickshire" NUTS 2 region.
Warwickshire is bounded to the north-west by the West Midlands metropolitan county and Staffordshire, by Leicestershire to the north-east, Northamptonshire to the east, Worcestershire to the west, Oxfordshire to the south and Gloucestershire to the south-west. The northern tip of the county is only 3 miles (5 km) from the Derbyshire border. An average-sized English county covering an area of almost 2,000 km2, it runs some 60 miles (97 km) north to south.
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Wedgwood Institute
The Wedgwood Institute is a large red-brick building that stands in Queen Street, in the town of Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England. It is sometimes called the Wedgwood Memorial Institute, but it is not to be confused with the Wedgwood Memorial College in Barlaston.
The Wedgwood Institute is named after the potter Josiah Wedgwood and stands on the site of the Brick House pottery works which he rented from 1762 to 1770. This was the second of his pottery works in the town of Burslem, the first being at the Ivy House works. The building was funded by public subscription and was constructed between 1863-69. The foundation stone was laid by then Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone on 26 October 1863; the building itself opened 21 April 1869; the School of Art and Science opened in October 1869; the Free Library opened in 1870; and the façade was completed by November 1871. The basic design is by an architect called Nichols, but the elaborate decorations which form an integral part of the facade were designed by Robert Edgar and John Lockwood Kipling. Kipling, the father of Rudyard Kipling, emigrated to India while the building was still under construction.
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Wells
Coordinates: 51°12′26″N 2°39′07″W / 51.2073°N 2.6519°W / 51.2073; -2.6519
Wells is a cathedral city and civil parish in the Mendip district of Somerset, England, on the southern edge of the Mendip Hills. Although the population recorded in the 2001 census is 10,406, it has had city status since 1205. It is the second smallest English city in terms of area and population after the City of London although, unlike the latter, Wells is not part of a larger metropolitan conurbation, and is consequently described in some sources as being England's smallest city.
The name Wells derives from the three wells dedicated to Saint Andrew, one in the market place and two within the grounds of the Bishop's Palace and cathedral. There was a small Roman settlement around the wells, but its importance grew under the Saxons when King Ine of Wessex founded a minster church in 704, around which the settlement grew. Wells became a trading centre and involved in cloth making before its involvement in both the English Civil War and the Monmouth Rebellion during the 17th century. In the 19th century, transport infrastructure improved with stations on three different railway lines.
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Weston Coyney
Coordinates: 52°59′32″N 2°05′55″W / 52.9921°N 2.0986°W / 52.9921; -2.0986
Weston Coyney is a suburb of the City of Stoke-on-Trent in Staffordshire. It lies on the south eastern edge of the city and borders the neighbouring Staffordshire Moorlands district.
Originally developed around a crossroads the area now also includes two major estates, Park Hall - developed in the 1970s, and Coalville - a 1950s estate built for the National Coal Board (NCB) to house many of its miners.
Weston Coyney is almost entirely a residential area with little industry and most of the residents work elsewhere in the city.
Weston Coyney is identified in the Domesday Book as a manor called Westone or West Town in lands belonging to Robert de Stafford and held by Ernulf de Hesding. The land was recorded as being mostly woodland but with enough arable land to require three ploughs. At some time during 13th century, during the reign of Henry III the manor of Westone had passed to the Coyney family who held the manor for several hundred years.
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Wiltshire
Wiltshire ( /ˈwɪltʃər/ or /ˈwɪltʃɪər/, formerly /ˈwɪlʃər/; or the County of Wilts) is a ceremonial county in South West England. It is landlocked and borders the counties of Dorset, Somerset, Hampshire, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire. It contains the unitary authority of Swindon and covers 3,485 km2 (1,346 square miles). The ancient county town was Wilton, but since 1930 Wiltshire County Council and its successor Wiltshire Council (from 2009) have been based at Trowbridge.
Wiltshire is characterised by its high downland and wide valleys. Salisbury Plain is famous as the location of the Stonehenge and Avebury stone circles and other ancient landmarks and as the main training area in the UK of the British Army. The city of Salisbury is notable for its mediaeval cathedral. Important country houses open to the public include Longleat, near Warminster, and the National Trust's Stourhead, near Mere.
The county, in the 9th century written as Wiltunscir, later Wiltonshire, is named after the former county town of Wilton, itself named after the river Wylye, one of eight rivers which drain the county.
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Wolstanton
Coordinates: 53°01′46″N 2°12′57″W / 53.0294°N 2.2159°W / 53.0294; -2.2159
Wolstanton is a suburban area on the outskirts of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire.
Historically, Wolstanton was a place in its own right. It is mentioned in the Domesday book where it is listed amongst the lands belonging to the King. The land consisted of work for 2 ploughs, 14 villeins, 2 bordars and a priest (who had his own plough). Woodland then was measured as being a league by a furlong. When tax had been paid (by Ælfgar before the conquest) then it was set at six pounds.
One of the village's many notable buildings is located on the corner of High Street and Nelson Street. During World War II and for some years afterwards, it was owned by the renowned Carr's Café and was daily frequented by the owners of many Stoke-on-Trent potteries who resided in the village. Ownership then passed to the District Bank (later incorporated into NatWest Bank) and subsequently Barclays Bank. Now it is known as Bank House, and is a retail outlet. A memorial plaque was unveiled there by Staffordshire Police in the summer of 2007 to commemorate the work of Henry Faulds, the fingerprint pioneer, who retired to live in the village and is buried at St Margaret's Church.
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Wolverhampton
Wolverhamptoni/ˌwʊlvərˈhæmptən/ is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England. For Eurostat purposes Walsall and Wolverhampton is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG35) and is one of five boroughs or unitary districts that comprise the "West Midlands" NUTS 2 region. In 2004, the local government district had an estimated population of 239,100. Wolverhampton is part of the West Midlands Urban Area which had a population of 2.3 million in the 2001 census which makes it part of the second largest urban area in the United Kingdom.
Historically a part of Staffordshire, and forming part of the metropolitan county of the West Midlands from 1974, the city is commonly recognised as being named after King Wulfhere, who established an abbey in 659. The original name being from Wulfereēantūn = "Wulfhere's high or principal enclosure or farm" after the Mercian King. The name Wulfrun is used to denote a later nun who established a church in the city – for example, for the Wulfrun Centre or for Wulfrun Hall.
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Worcester
The City of Worcester, commonly known as Worcester, (i/ˈwʊstər/ WUUS-tər), is a city and county town of Worcestershire in the West Midlands of England. Worcester is situated some 30 miles (48 km) southwest of Birmingham and 29 miles (47 km) north of Gloucester, and has an approximate population of 94,000 people. The River Severn runs through the middle of the city, overlooked by the twelfth-century Worcester Cathedral. The site of the final battle of the Civil War, Worcester was where Oliver Cromwell's New Model Army defeated King Charles II's Cavaliers, resulting in the English Interregnum, the ten-year period during which England and Wales became a republic. Worcester was the home of Royal Worcester Porcelain and the birthplace of the composer Sir Edward Elgar. It houses the Lea and Perrins factory where the traditional Worcestershire Sauce is made, and is home to one of the UK's fastest growing universities, the University of Worcester.
Occupation of the site of Worcester can be dated back to Neolithic times, a village surrounded by defensive ramparts having been founded on the eastern bank of the River Severn in around 400 BC. The position, which commanded a ford on the river, was used in the first century by the Romans to establish what may at first have been a fort on the military route from Glevum (Gloucester) to Viroconium (Wroxeter) but which soon developed – as the frontier of the empire was pushed westwards – into an industrial town with its own pottery kilns and iron-smelting plants.
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Worcestershire
Worcestershire (i/ˈwʊstərʃər/ WUUS-tər-shər or /ˈwʊstərʃɪər/ WUUS-tər-sheer ; abbreviated Worcs) is a non-metropolitan county in the West Midlands of England. In 1974, it merged with the neighbouring county of Herefordshire to form Hereford and Worcester. This was divided in 1998, re-establishing Worcestershire as a county. The Malvern Hills forms the east–west border between the two counties, with the exception of West Malvern in Worcestershire.
The county borders Herefordshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, West Midlands, Warwickshire and Gloucestershire. To the west, the county is bordered by the Malvern Hills and the spa town of Malvern. The southern part of the county is bordered by Gloucestershire and the northern edge of the Cotswolds; to the east is Warwickshire. There are two major rivers flowing through the county, the Severn and the Avon.
The cathedral city of Worcester is the largest settlement and administrative seat of the county, which includes the principal settlements of Bromsgrove, Stourport-on-Severn, Droitwich, Evesham, Kidderminster, Malvern, and the largest town, Redditch, and a number of smaller towns such as Pershore, Tenbury Wells and Upton upon Severn. The north of the county includes part of the industrial West Midlands conurbation while the south of the county is largely rural. The average salary is £20,300.
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Wychavon
Coordinates: 52°06′50″N 2°04′52″W / 52.114°N 2.081°W / 52.114; -2.081
Wychavon is a local government district in Worcestershire, England. Its council is based in Pershore. Other towns in the district include Droitwich Spa, Evesham and Broadway. The district extends from the south-east corner of Worcestershire north and west. The districts to the west are Malvern Hills and Worcester and to the north Wyre Forest.
The district was created under the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974. It was a merger of the boroughs of Droitwich and Evesham along with Evesham Rural District and most of Droitwich Rural District and most of Pershore Rural District.
The district's name, which was invented in 1973, contains two elements. "Wych" recalls the Saxon Kingdom of Hwicca, and "Avon" is for the River Avon.
Wychavon District Council is joint 'Council of the Year 2007', along with High Peak Borough Council. It was also featured as the 'Best Council to work for' by the Sunday Times.
The Wychavon district includes the following Civil parishes
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York
York (locali/ˈjɔːk/) is a walled city, situated at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city has a rich heritage and has provided the backdrop to major political events throughout much of its two millennia of existence. The city offers a wealth of historic attractions, of which York Minster is the most prominent, and a variety of cultural and sporting activities.
The city was founded by the Romans in 71 AD, under the name of Eboracum. It became in turn the capital of the Roman province of Britannia Inferior, and of the kingdoms of Northumbria and Jorvik. In the Middle Ages, York grew as a major wool trading centre and became the capital of the northern ecclesiastical province of the Church of England, a role it has retained.
In the 19th century York became a hub of the railway network and a confectionery manufacturing centre. In recent decades, the economy of York has moved from being dominated by its confectionery and railway-related industries to one that provides services. The University of York and health services have become major employers, whilst tourism has become an important element of the local economy.
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Adrian Lewis
Adrian Lewis (born 21 January 1985 in Stoke-on-Trent) is an English professional darts player for the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) who is the reigning two time PDC World Darts Champion. He is nicknamed Jackpot, following a visit to a casino whilst competing at the 2005 Las Vegas Desert Classic when he "won" a $72,000 jackpot but was unable to claim the money as he was under-age by US gaming laws – despite being eligible in the UK. During the early part of his career until 2007, he was a protégé of multi-world champion Phil Taylor having practised together in their home city Stoke-on-Trent and made his television debut in 2004, aged 19 at the UK Open.
Lewis had shown his potential at the age of 18 by winning the 2003 British Teenage Open and after competing at the 2003 Winmau World Masters he joined the PDC without ever qualifying or playing in the Lakeside World Championship.
Lewis reached a semi-final of the regional qualifiers for the UK Open in 2004, which provided his opportunity for a television debut at the 2004 UK Open in Bolton, where he narrowly lost his last 64 match to Dennis Harbour. His next television appearance came against his mentor Taylor at the 2004 Las Vegas Desert Classic where he went out 0–2 in the first round. He then went on to win his first match on television at the 2004 World Grand Prix beating former world champion Richie Burnett.
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Adrian Rawlins
Adrian Rawlins (born 27 March 1958) is an English actor who is probably best known for playing Arthur Kidd in The Woman in Black (1989) and James Potter in the Harry Potter films.
Rawlins was born in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire the son of Mavis (née Leese) and Edward Rawlins. Rawlins was educated at Stanfield Technical High School in Stoke-on-Trent and the Stoke VI Form College. He then went on to train in art then subsequently acting at Crewe and Alsager College, now Manchester Met.
Rawlins has appeared in several films including Wilbur Wants to Kill Himself, and also has a minor role in the Harry Potter film series as Harry Potter's father James Potter. Onstage, he has appeared in Her Naked Skin (2008, National Theatre). He played Richard Collingsworth in the 1989 TV serial The Ginger Tree, opposite Samantha Bond. He also starred in The Woman in Black which was made for television and aired at Christmas 1989.
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Alan Lake
Alan Lake (24 November 1940 – 10 October 1984) was an English actor, best known as the third husband of Diana Dors.
Lake was born in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire on 24 November 1940. He studied acting at RADA, and began to work in television roles in 1964.
He is best known as the third husband of the actress Diana Dors, whom he met on the set of the 1968 television series The Inquisitors. He was initially not keen on Dors, his reaction on finding that he would be working with her "Oh no, not Madame Tits and Lips!", but within days they had fallen in love and were married on 23 November 1968. Their stormy marriage produced a son, Jason David, born in 1969. The pair worked together in the early 1970s, on stage in plays such as Three Months Gone, in which Dors received her best critical reviews since Yield to the Night, and they also received an offer to appear together in a TV sitcom, Queenie's Castle.
In July 1970 Lake was involved in a pub brawl for which he was sentenced to eighteen months in prison later that year (his friend, the musician Leapy Lee, was sentenced to three years for stabbing the pub's relief manager), although he was released after serving a year. Lake was a keen horseman and on his release from prison Dors presented him with a mare named Sapphire. While riding the horse in 1972 he was unseated when the horse ran into the bough of a tree, and broke his back, and for a time it was thought he may spend the rest of his life in a wheelchair; In fact, he recovered and was walking again within three weeks. After leaving hospital, unable to work while he recovered, and in severe pain, he began drinking heavily. Dors said of him at this time: "alcohol had unleashed a monster, uncontrollable and frightening".
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Alton Towers
Alton Towers is a theme park and resort located in Staffordshire, England. It attracts around 2.7 million visitors per year making it the most visited theme park in the United Kingdom. Alton Towers is also the 9th most visited theme park in Europe. It is based north of the village of Alton in Staffordshire (approximately 16 miles (26 km) east of Stoke-on-Trent, and not to be confused with the town of Alton in Hampshire), in the grounds of Alton Towers, a semi-ruined gothic revival country house. The estate was a former seat of the Earls of Shrewsbury.
The resort includes the theme park as well as Alton Towers Hotel, Splash Landings Hotel, Waterpark, Spa, Extraordinary Golf and Conference Centre. It is the flagship attraction of Merlin Entertainments in the United Kingdom. Major attractions at Alton Towers include Nemesis, Oblivion, Air, Rita and Th13teen.
The park's promotional music is In the Hall of the Mountain King by Edvard Grieg.
An Iron Age fort was built on Bunbury Hill (c.1st-century BC) which is now occupied by the Alton Towers estate. In about 700 AD, the Saxon king Ceolred of Mercia built a fortress on the hill. But King Ine of Wessex besieged the site in 716 AD. The ensuing battle, which ended in stalemate, caused such a loss of life the place was called Slain Hollow (which later became the estate's oriental water garden).
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Andrew Van Buren
Andrew Van Buren is a British performer who specialises in magic, large scale illusions, juggling and plate spinning.
Master Illusionist Andrew Van Buren spent his childhood touring the world with his parents' (Fred) Van Buren and Greta’s magic and illusion show. He learned his trade in theatres and circus, on-stage, off-stage and backstage. During this time he teamed up with an Hungarian State Circus artiste who taught him the art of trick cycling, which paved the way to his becoming expert in unicycling, juggling and Europes top porcelain plate spinning Expert.
Van Buren and his team have performed before the stars at the Brit Awards in the London Arena and members of the British Royal family at World Expo in Seville, Spain. He has regularly performed with and made appear, disappear and float in mid air the cast of Coronation Street, comedian Peter Kay and Lulu. He has worked in British venues including The Royal Albert Hall and Wembley Arena in London, as well as regularly performing on international cruise ships and presenting shows in the United Arab Emirates. On 8th September 2011 Andrew presented the official opening show of the New Mitchell Arts theatre in his home area of Hanley Stoke on Trent - the first theatre he worked on as a solo performer in 1981, returning 30 years later to present one of his illusion shows as the launch of the new £4 million refit venue.
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Andy Moor (DJ)
Andy Moor (born Andrew Beardmore on January 16, 1980 in Stoke on Trent, United Kingdom) is a trance and progressive producer-DJ. He has used multiple aliases in the past (Dub Disorder, Dwight van Man, Sworn) and has been part of Indigo, Leama & Moor, Lewis & Moor, Tilt, Whiteroom, and Zoo DJs. He was voted 30th 2 years consecutively by DJ Magazine in 2005 and 2006 by dance music fans. In 2009, he was ranked 15th, named Best Trance Producer and Best Trance Track at the 2004 Trance Awards, Best Dance Record at the 2006 International Dance Music Awards, and nominated for a Grammy Award in December 2008, for his remix of Canadian artist Delerium with "Angelicus" featuring vocals from Isabel Bayrakdarian.
Andy Moor started exploring the potential of his talent early in life – at the age of 5, he could already play his first piano piece flawlessly. By age 11 his musical ability furthered to include 6 more instruments. Two years later he spun his first record and by 21 he was playing stages and concerts to thousands. Now, at the 31-year mark, Moor is considered one of the most influential figures in today’s electronic music industry.
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Anthea Turner
Anthea Millicent Turner (born 25 May 1960) is an English television presenter and media personality.
Turner was born in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire and educated there at the independent St. Dominic's High School (since demolished) in Hartshill.
Turner joined BBC Radio Stoke as a runner, eventually joining breakfast show presenter Bruno Brookes as part of his crew. The couple became romantically involved and employed Peter Powell as an agent through his management company.
Turner moved into television through Sky Channel presenting live music programmes from July 1986 to 1989. Her debut on national television was with the BBC on But First This, which led to her fronting two series for the BBC on the Saturday morning show Up2U.
The short-lived Saturday morning children's show UP2U was a flop, and is chiefly remembered for a motorcycle stunt that went wrong. Turner suffered burns and temporary hearing loss, which led to her successful lawsuit against the BBC.
She was the only non-Radio One DJ to regularly present Top of the Pops, remaining with the programme for three years.
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Arnold Bennett
Enoch Arnold Bennett (27 May 1867 – 27 March 1931) was an English writer. He is best known as a novelist, but he also worked in other fields such as journalism, propaganda and film.
Bennett was born in a modest house in Hanley in the Potteries district of Staffordshire. Hanley is one of a conurbation of six towns which joined together at the beginning of the twentieth century as Stoke-on-Trent. Enoch Bennett, his father, qualified as a solicitor in 1876, and the family were able to move to a larger house between Hanley and Burslem. Bennett was educated locally in Newcastle-under-Lyme.
Arnold was employed by his father—his duties included rent collecting. He was unhappy working for his father for little financial reward, and the theme of parental miserliness is important in his novels. In his spare time he was able to do a little journalism, but his breakthrough as a writer was to come after he had moved from the Potteries. At the age of twenty-one, he left his father's practice and went to London as a solicitor's clerk.
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Arnold Machin
Arnold Machin O.B.E., R.A. (/ˈmeɪtʃɪn/; 30 September 1911 – 9 March 1999) was a British artist, sculptor, coin and stamp designer.
Machin was born in Stoke-on-Trent in 1911. He started work at the age of 14 as an apprentice china painter at the Minton Pottery. During the Depression he learnt to sculpt at Stoke-on-Trent's Art School, which was opposite the Minton factory. In 1934 he moved to Derby, where he met his wife Patricia.
After imprisonment in the Second World War as a conscientious objector, he returned to modelling and sculpture, and created many notable ceramics which are now prized collectors' items. In 1946 he was elected an associate member of the Royal Academy, was appointed a Master of Sculpture from 1959 to 1966 and became the longest-serving member of the Academy. He was elected an Academician in 1956 and a Fellow of the Royal Society of British Sculptors. From 1951 he was a tutor at the Royal College of Art, where he entered the culture that was to bring him his most celebrated commissions.
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Arthur Berry
Arthur Berry (7 February 1925 – 4 July 1994) was an English playwright, poet, teacher and artist, born in Smallthorne, Stoke-on-Trent.
Berry was the son of a publican and grew up during the Depression. At the age of 14 he enrolled at Burslem School of Art. Despite a rebellious start there, he came under the care of Gordon Mitchell Forsyth (1879–1952), director of art education and a successful pottery designer. Berry gained a place at the Royal College of Art, as did a number of the more talented Burslem students. During his time at the Royal College the institution was evacuated from Kensington to Ambleside in the Lake District to escape the bombing of London during the Second World War. Berry, who suffered from agoraphobia, did not find the rural surroundings of Ambleside particularly to his taste.
Berry became an art teacher. He worked in London and Manchester, but as a teacher he is best known for his long association with Burslem School of Art, where he had studied. Burslem School of Art was absorbed within Stoke-on-Trent College of Art, which in turn became part of North Staffordshire Polytechnic in 1971. Berry was lecturer in painting at the polytechnic until 1985.
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Billy Bragg
Stephen William Bragg (born 20 December 1957) – known as Billy Bragg – is an English alternative rock musician and left-wing activist. His music blends elements of folk music, punk rock and protest songs, and his lyrics mostly deal with political or romantic themes. His music career has lasted more than 30 years.
Bragg was born in 1957 in Barking, Essex, the son of Dennis Frederick Austin Bragg, an assistant sales manager to a Barking cap and hat maker, and his wife, Marie Victoria D'Urso. Bragg was educated at Barking Abbey Secondary School in Barking.
In 1977, Bragg formed the punk rock/pub rock band Riff Raff, and toured London's pubs and clubs. The band released a series of singles, which did not receive wide exposure. He also worked in Guy Norris Records in Barking. Bragg became disillusioned with his music career, and in May 1981 joined the British Army as a recruit destined for the Queen's Royal Irish Hussars of the Royal Armoured Corps. After three months, he bought his way out of the army for £175 and returned home, having attended basic training but having never served in a regiment as a soldier.
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Black British
Black British is a term used to describe British people of black African descent, especially those of Afro-Caribbean background. The term has been used from the 1950s to refer to Black people from former British colonies in the West Indies (i.e. the New Commonwealth) and Africa, who are residents of the United Kingdom and consider themselves British. Others are also from former French-speaking colonies in Africa such as Senegal and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (which was Belgian), and many of the Black Africans in Britain still speak French as well as their own native languages.
The term 'black' has historically had a number of applications as a racial and political label, and may be used in a wider socio-political context, to encompass a broader range of non-European ethnic minority populations in Britain, though this is a controversial and non-standard definition.
Black British is primarily used as an official category in UK national statistics ethnicity classifications, where it is sub-divided into 'Caribbean', 'African' and 'Other Black' groups.
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Bruno Brookes
Bruno Brookes (born Trevor Neil Brookes in Stoke-on-Trent, 24 April 1959) is a British radio presenter who became prominent in the 1980s.
Brookes attended Bradwell and Seabridge High Schools. He became a disc jockey through youth club discos in his home town before he sent a successful audition tape to his local station, BBC Radio Stoke. He used to wash cars in order to raise money for buying equipment. He spent three years there before being recruited by BBC Radio 1, the national pop network, where he worked as a stand-in presenter for Steve Wright before taking over the teatime show from Peter Powell.
In addition to this show, Brookes presented a rundown of the UK Top 40 singles chart on Sunday evenings between 1986 and 1990 and between 1992 and 1995.
In 1989, Brookes moved to the weekend breakfast show, co-hosting with Liz Kershaw, and also regularly deputised for Simon Mayo on the weekday breakfast show. Three years later he moved to the weekday early breakfast slot, where he remained until he was sacked in 1995 by Trevor Dann, who said "...why is Bruno on? you know, he seems to have a charmed life, because if the view was 'we must get rid of the dinosaurs', you know we've got this behemoth striding the airwaves of dawn" in the BBC TV Documentary Blood On The Carpet: Walking With Disc Jockeys in 2001.
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Carl Cox
Carl Cox (born 29 July 1962, Barbados) is a British techno and house music DJ and producer.
Cox grew up in Oldham, Lancashire, before attending Glastonbury High Boys secondary modern school on Glastonbury Road in Morden.[citation needed] Cox began his career as a hardcore and rave DJ in the mid 1980s. One of the first gigs he played was in legendary promoters John Binton and Terry Onion's Squeeze my buttered Onions! club in Hackney, London Unconfirmed reports suggest he was coerced into swallowing an onion on stage, one of Terry's famous requests he gave to his acts. He was named the "Three Deck Wizard" after playing on three turntables simultaneously at the Second Summer of Love in 1988.[citation needed] He has performed at clubs such as The Eclipse, Edge, Shelly's, Sterns Nightclub, Heaven, Sir Henry's in Cork, Ireland and Angels and The Haçienda, as well as raves for Fantazia, Dreamscape, and Amnesia House. He now spearheads two record labels, Intec Records and 23rd Century Records. He also has his own stage every year at Ultra Music Festival called Carl Cox and Friends.
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Charles Tomlinson
Alfred Charles Tomlinson, CBE (born 8 January 1927) is a British poet and translator, and also an academic and artist. He was born and raised in Penkhull in the city of Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire.
After attending Longton High School, Tomlinson read English at Queens' College, Cambridge, where he studied with Donald Davie. After leaving university he spent a year in Liguria in Italy and then taught in a primary school. He later became Emeritus Professor of English Poetry at the University of Bristol, England. He and his wife Brenda now live in a Cotswold cottage at Ozleworth, near Wotton-under-Edge. They met as teenagers, and have two daughters and a granddaughter. He is also an artist, and In Black and White: The Graphics of Charles Tomlinson, with an introduction by Nobel prize-winner Octavio Paz, was published in 1976.
Tomlinson's first book of poetry was published in 1951, and his Collected Poems was published by the Oxford University Press in 1985, followed by the Selected Poems: 1955-1997 in 1997. His poetry has won international recognition and has received many prizes in Europe and the United States, including the 1993 Bennett Award from Hudson Review; the New Criterion Poetry Prize, 2002; the Premio Internazionale di Poesie Ennio Flaiano, 2001; and the Premio Internazionale di Poesia Attilio Bertolucci, 2004. He is an Honorary Fellow of the American Academy of the Arts and Sciences and of the Modern Language Association. Charles Tomlinson was made a CBE in 2001 for his contribution to literature. Charles Tomlinson's Selected Poems, his collections Skywriting, Metamorphoses and The Vineyard Above the Sea, amongst others, are all published by Carcanet Press. His latest collection Cracks in the Universe was published in May 2006 in Carcanet Press' Oxford Poets series.
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Charlotte Rhead
Charlotte Rhead (19 October 1885, Burslem – 6 November 1947) was an English ceramics designer active in the 1920s and the 1930s in the Potteries area of Staffordshire.
Charlotte Rhead was born into an artistic family. Her father Frederick Alfred Rhead began his career as an apprentice at Mintons where he learnt the art of pâte-sur-pâte ceramic decoration from Marc-Louis Solon. Frederick A. Rhead went on to work at a number of potteries including a failed venture of his own. Charlotte's mother Adolphine (née Hurten) also came from an artistic family. Charlotte's elder brother, Frederick Hurten Rhead, became a well-known pottery designer in the USA.
At the beginning of the twentieth century the Rhead family was living in Fenton where Charlotte and her sister Dollie studied at Fenton School of Art. Charlotte started work at Wardle and Co, a pottery in Hanley where her brother Frederick was art director before emigrating to the USA in 1902. Charlotte did not stay at the firm long but it gave her the opportunity to develop her skills as a tubeliner, which would be useful to her in her future career as a designer. In 1905 Charlotte found employment as an enameller at Keeling & Co of Burslem. She was next employed as a designer at a tile-maker, T & R Boote. In 1912 Charlotte's father was appointed art director of Wood and Sons, a firm which operated several potteries. Charlotte joined him there, taking charge of the tubeliners, and later working as a designer. Charlotte is perhaps best known for her association with Burgess and Leigh of Middleport, (their factory is still operating as at 2009, but is now known as the Burleigh Pottery,) where she worked as a designer from 1926 until 1931. In the 1930s she moved to the firm of AG Richardson in Tunstall. Their brand name was Crown Ducal.
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Clarice Cliff
Clarice Cliff (20 January 1899 - 23 October 1972) was an English ceramic industrial artist active from 1922 to 1963.
Cliff was born in Tunstall, Stoke-on-Trent, England.
The Cliff family ancestors moved to Tunstall, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire from the Eccleshall area in about 1725. When Clarice was born their home was on Meir Street on a terrace of modest houses, but Tunstall was actually a slightly better part of Stoke on Trent. Cliff's father Harry worked at the local iron foundry in Tunstall, her mother Ann took in washing to supplement the family income, and they had 7 children.
Cliff was sent to a different school from her siblings, and this perhaps prompted her more independent approach to her career, and her non-standard life style by Stoke on Trent standards. It is known that after school Cliff would visit aunts who were hand paintresses at a local pottery company, and she also made models from papier-mâché at school.
At the age of 13, Cliff started working in the pottery industry. Her first work was as a gilder, adding gold lines on ware of traditional design. Once she had mastered this she changed jobs to learn freehand painting at another potbank, at the same time studying art and sculpture at the Burslem School of Art in the evenings.
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Dave Follows
Dave Follows (1941, Stafford - 17 October 2003) was a British cartoonist. Follows' cartoons appear in newspapers, comics, and magazines all over the world. The Creature Feature is one of Follows' biggest successes.
The Creature Feature is an animal cartoon strip, and appeared weekly in the Sunday Times supplement, Funday Times for over 15 years 1990 to 2006. The Creature Feature was also syndicated in over 30 newspapers throughout the world including: Hull Daily Mail, Burton Daily Mail, Northampton Chronicle and Echo, Lincolnshire Echo, The Star in Johannesburg, Bromley Leader, Darlington Northern Echo, Bradford Telegraph and Argus, Express and Star Wolverhampton, York Evening Press, Shields Gazette, Derby Evening Telegraph, Bury Free Press, Kettering Evening Telegraph, Plymouth Western Morning News, Leicester Mercury, Sussex Express, Tunbridge Wells Courier, Edinburgh Evening News, Gloucester Citizen, Norwich Eastern Evening News and the Eastern Daily Press, Swindon Evening Advertiser, Newcastle Journal, Bournemouth Evening Echo, Swansea Evening Post, Khaleej Times (UAE), Belfast Irish News, Oxford Mail, and Scarborough Mercury.
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Dave Harold
David 'Dave' Harold (born 9 December 1966) is an English professional snooker player from Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England. He is known by the nicknames of "the Hard Man" and "the Stoke Potter" (conflating his home city's past pottery industry and his profession of potting snooker balls). He is also the first player on the television circuit to sport a plaster on his chin as a guide for his cue, which is a practise now adopted by Graeme Dott. As an amateur he played as David Harold, but since turning professional in 1991 he has been registered as Dave Harold. He has three children.
He has won one ranking title, reached two further finals and several semi-finals, and spent four seasons ranked among the top 16. Harold is renowned for both his very strong defensive play and his unusual cue-action, with which he is able to unleash a great deal of power on a shot without using backswing on the cue. Despite safety play ultimately being considered his strong point, he has compiled 112 century breaks, putting him 22nd on the all time list.Steve Davis has commented that he is not the most naturally gifted player, but makes up for this with strong tactical play. His technique and grinding play has been compared to that of Cliff Thorburn.
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David Lynn (golfer)
David Anthony Lynn (born 20 October 1973) is an English golfer.
He won the 1994 Greek Amateur Championship, where he finished eight shots ahead of David Howell. He turned professional in 1995. His professional wins are the 1997 Team Erhverv Danish Open on the Challenge Tour and the 2004 KLM Open on the European Tour. His best European Tour Order of Merit finish to date is 26th in 2004. He has featured in the top 100 on the Official World Golf Rankings.
DNP = Did not play
CUT = missed the half-way cut
"T" = tied
Green background for wins. Yellow background for top-10.
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Elijah Fenton
Elijah Fenton (1683 – 1730) was an English poet, biographer and translator.
Born in Shelton (now Stoke-on-Trent), and educated at Jesus College, Cambridge, for a time he acted as secretary to the Charles Boyle, 4th Earl of Orrery in Flanders, and was then Master of Sevenoaks Grammar School.
In 1707, Fenton published a book of poems. He later became tutor to Sir William Trumbull's son at Easthampstead Park in Berkshire and is now best known as the assistant of his neighbour, Alexander Pope, in his translation of the Odyssey, of which he 'Englished' the first, fourth, nineteenth, and twentieth books, catching the manner of his master so completely that it is hardly possible to distinguish between their work; while thus engaged he published (1723) a successful tragedy, Marianne. His later contributions to literature were a Life of John Milton, and as an editor of Edmund Waller's Poems (1729).
He died on 16th of July 1730, and is buried in the churchyard of Stoke Parish Church, Stoke-on-Trent.
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Frank Bough
Frank Bough ( /ˈbɒf/; born 15 January 1933) is a retired British television presenter who is best known as the former host of BBC sports and current affairs shows including Grandstand, Nationwide and Breakfast Time, which he fronted alongside Selina Scott.
Bough was born in Fenton, Stoke-on-Trent, England. He was educated at Oswestry Boys' High School (a Shropshire County Council secular grammar school), Oswestry, Shropshire (not to be confused with the older independent Oswestry School), and at Merton College, Oxford, reputedly being one of the last generation of undergraduates to be awarded a fourth class degree.[citation needed] He played football for the university against Cambridge, and performed his national service in the Royal Tank Regiment.
He joined the BBC as an anchorman and reporter, presenting the new Newcastle upon Tyne based Home at Six. It was known by this title very briefly before changing to North at Six and then in 1963 changing to BBC Look North (North East and Cumbria). In 1964 he began presenting the BBC Sports Review of the Year, which he would host for eighteen years. He also presented Sportsview, and in 1968 the BBC's flagship Saturday afternoon sports programme Grandstand. He was one of the BBC's football commentators for the 1966 World Cup and covered the match where North Korea infamously defeated Italy 1-0. He went on to present the early evening magazine programme, Nationwide. This made him one of the most familiar faces on British television throughout the 1970s.
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Freddie Jones
Frederick Charles "Freddie" Jones (born 12 September 1927) is an English character actor.
Jones was born in the town of Longton, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, the son of Ida Elizabeth (née Goodwin) and Charles Edward Jones. He became an actor after ten years of working as a laboratory assistant with a firm making ceramic products, when his hobby of acting took over. He was trained at the prestigious Rose Bruford College and became famous for his role as Claudius in the 1968 British television series The Caesars. He tends to play eccentric characters.
He narrated the award-winning video Sexual Encounters of the Floral Kind: Pollination. He plays the character Sandy Thomas in ITV’s soap opera Emmerdale.
He was also something of a David Lynch regular, appearing in The Elephant Man (1980), Dune (1984), Wild at Heart (1990), his short-lived TV series On The Air (1992) and the short film Hotel Room (1993).
Jones is the father of actor Toby Jones.
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Garth Crooks
Garth Anthony Crooks OBE (born 10 March 1958 in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire) is a retired English football player of Jamaican ancestry. He played principally for Stoke City and Tottenham, with whom he was a prolific goal scorer and an FA Cup winner at Wembley in 1981. Throughout his career he was an active member of the Professional Footballers' Association and was elected the first black chairman of the union. He currently works for the BBC as an expert and outspoken pundit, and presents the occasional political programme.
Crooks began his career at hometown club Stoke City, scoring 48 goals in 147 appearances. He became most famous following a high-profile transfer to Tottenham Hotspur in 1980, where he formed a successful striking partnership with Steve Archibald. With Crooks leading the line, Spurs won two FA Cups and the 1984 UEFA Cup, won against Anderlecht (he was an unused substitute in the final's second leg). Crooks is frequently credited as the first black player to score in an FA Cup final for his equalising goal in a 3–2 win over Manchester City in 1981, though this was pre-dated by Mike Trebilcock in 1966. He later went on loan to Manchester United and had spells at West Bromwich Albion and Charlton Athletic before a knee injury forced his retirement in 1990.
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Gertie Gitana
Gertie Gitana (27 December 1887 – January 1957), was a British music hall entertainer.
She was born Gertrude Mary Astbury in Shirley Street, Longport, Stoke-on-Trent. Her father was a pottery works foreman and her mother Lavinia taught at St Peter's RC school in Cobridge. When she was three, the family moved to Frederic Street in nearby Hanley.
Gitana is Spanish for (female) 'Gipsy' and she was a member of Tomlinson's 'Royal Gipsy Children' at the age of four. On account of her petite form and supposed Gipsy origins, she was sometimes billed as 'The Staffordshire Cinderella'.
She made her professional debut in 1896 at the age of eight on the stage of The Tivoli in Barrow-in-Furness. Two years later at the age of ten she had a significant billing at The Argyle in Birkenhead and her first London appearance was in 1900. At the age of 17, she topped the bill for the first time at The Ardwick Empire at Manchester and Gertie Gitana had arrived. In her prime she was reputed to have earned in excess of £100 per week and her name was always sufficient to ensure a full house.
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Gordon Banks
Gordon Banks, OBE (born 30 December 1937) is a retired English football goalkeeper. The IFFHS named Banks the second best goalkeeper of the 20th century – after Lev Yashin (1st) and ahead of Dino Zoff (3rd).
Banks was a member of the England national team that won the 1966 World Cup. In March 2004 Pelé listed Banks as one of the 125 greatest living footballers. His most famous moment occurred in the 1970 World Cup against Brazil, where he pulled off a stunning save from a goalbound header from Pelé, which is often regarded as arguably the greatest save ever. Banks' consistent performances in goal led to the re-wording of a common English idiom to "Safe as the Banks of England".
Banks, born in Sheffield, was a careful student of goalkeepers during childhood. Banks played in local colliery football as a boy and was offered an apprenticeship by Chesterfield after initially going to work as a coal bagger and then as a bricklayer on leaving school. After performances in the youth and A teams gained him promotion to the reserves, Banks was posted to Germany with the Royal Signals on National service, winning the Rhine Cup with his regimental team. On his return he was offered a full-time contract by the Chesterfield manager, Teddy Davison.
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Hanley Stafford
Hanley Stafford (born Alfred John Austin 22 September 1899 in Hanley, England, United Kingdom; died 9 September 1968, Los Angeles, California, USA). An actor principally on radio, he is remembered best for playing Lancelot Higgins on The Baby Snooks Show. He is commemorated by a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The 1940 U.S. Census records report him as living at 6200 Franklin Avenue in Hollywood with his mother Emily Austin, 60, and his sister Anne Standing, 36, his age was given as 40. He reported his 1939 income to census takers as $5,000, the equivalent of $77,641 in 2010 dollars.
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Havergal Brian
Havergal Brian (born William Brian, 29 January 1876 – 28 November 1972), was a British classical composer.
Brian acquired a legendary status at the time of his rediscovery in the 1950s and 1960s for the many symphonies he had managed to write. By the end of his life he had completed 32, an unusually large number for any composer since Haydn or Mozart. More remarkably, he completed 14 of these symphonies in his 80s, and seven more in his early 90s.
He is also notable for his creative persistence in the face of almost total neglect during the greater part of his long life. Even now, none of his works can be said to be performed with any frequency, but few composers who have fallen into neglect after an early period of success have continued to produce so many serious and ambitious works so long after any chance of performance would seem to have gone for good.
William Brian (he adopted the name "Havergal" from a local family of hymn-writers) was born in Dresden, a district of Stoke-on-Trent, and was one of a very small number of composers to originate from the English working class. After attending an elementary school he had difficulty finding any congenial work, and taught himself the rudiments of music. For a time he was organist of Odd Rode Church just across the border in Cheshire. In 1895, he heard a choir rehearsing Elgar's King Olaf, attended the first performance and became a fervent enthusiast of the new music being produced by Richard Strauss and the British composers of the day. Through attending music festivals he made the lifelong friendship of his near-contemporary composer Granville Bantock (1868–1946).
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Hugh Bourne
Hugh Bourne (1772–1852) was the joint founder of Primitive Methodism, the largest offshoot of Wesleyan Methodism and, in the mid nineteenth century, an influential Protestant Christian movement in its own right.
Hugh Bourne was born on 3 April 1772 at Ford Hayes Farm, Ford Hayes Lane, Bucknall, now within the present-day boundaries of Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire.
Hugh was the son of Joseph and Ellen Bourne. In 1788, after basic training as a carpenter, Hugh moved to the nearby mining village of Bemersley (in the north-eastern fringe of the present-day Stoke-on-Trent) and was apprenticed to his uncle as a wheelwright. After ‘serving his time’ learning the trade, Hugh specialised principally in making and repairing windmill and watermill wheels.
Hugh Bourne was brought up in a religious family and from the age of seven was increasingly troubled by existential and religious questions. He lived with a rather morbid fear of being condemned to Hell and spent, as he phrased it, "twenty sorrowful years" in pursuit of salvation. Naturally, the shy young Bourne read the Bible, but it was only when his mother brought him an anthology of Christian writings in 1799 that the Christian message of salvation really began to resonate. Bourne wrote, “I believed in my heart, grace descended and Jesus Christ manifested himself unto me, my sins were taken away in an instant, and I was filled with all joy and peace in believing”.
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Imran Sherwani
Imran Sherwani (born April 9, 1962 in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire) is a former English field hockey player. He was capped 45 times for Great Britain and 49 times for England. He played club hockey for Stourport, Stone and Leek, and is now Director of Hockey at Denstone College in Staffordshire.
He was a member of the gold medal winning Great Britain and Northern Ireland squad at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. He scored two of the three goals against Germany in the 1988 final and made one of the most significant contributions to the match.
Sherwani is of Pakistani descent. His father played hockey for Pakistan and his great uncles played football for Stoke City and Port Vale. He has worked as a police officer, a newsagent and an independent financial advisor.
He was selected as one of the torchbearers for the 2012 Summer Olympics torch relay.
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Jabez Vodrey
Jabez Vodrey (1795–1861) was the first English potter west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Vodrey was born on January 14, 1795[citation needed] in Tunstall, an area in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire. This is the centuries-old centre of the English pottery industry. He is thought to be a cousin of Frederick Vodrey, who emigrated from Staffordshire to Dublin, Ireland in the late 19th century and founded an art pottery there.
In 1827, Vodrey and his wife, Sarah Nixon Vodrey, emigrated to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania United States, with another Staffordshire potter, William Frost. Vodrey and Frost operated a pottery in Pittsburgh for about two years. In 1829, Vodrey moved alone to Louisville, Kentucky, where he continued to work as a potter for the next decade. In 1839, Vodrey moved to Troy, Indiana (Perry County), on the Ohio River. There he took over the operation of the abandoned pottery of James Clews. It was not a success, as skilled labor was almost impossible to procure.
In March 1847, Vodrey came to East Liverpool, Ohio, where he found work in the area's booming pottery industry. He began in East Liverpool with the manufacture of clay smoking pipes and by 1848, had formed a partnership with William Woodward, a wealthy farmer. Together, the two men produced simple yellow ware and Rockingham Pottery. Within months, their small pottery was destroyed by fire, but the men began to rebuild the pottery with the financial backing of brothers James and John Simpson Blakely. The Blakely brothers lost their investment in the financial panic of 1857. A pencil sketch of John Simpson Blakely and his wife Jemima Fortune Blakely as well as the bankruptcy papers are conserved in the Ohio Historical Society collection. For full details on the Blakely family see margotwoodrough.com
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Jamie Cope
Jamie Cope (born 12 September 1985 in Longton, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England) is an English professional snooker player. He has reached the finals of two ranking tournaments. He has a fast, entertaining style of play (being nicknamed "Shotgun") due to his speed around the table and aggressive playing style.
Cope had an impressive record as a junior, but dropped off the Main Tour after two largely unsuccessful seasons. However, he finished top in the Challenge Tour for emerging players in the 2004/05 season, winning two of its four tournaments. This enabled him to return to the Main Tour. His stated intention in pre-season was to finish the year in the Top 48, a tough target which he technically achieved by default after Paul Hunter's illness. He reached the last 16 of the season-opening Grand Prix tournament. Later in the 2005/2006 season he reached the same stage of the Welsh Open and China Open. Those three last-16 defeats were all 5–4. During the season he claimed wins over Joe Perry, Steve Davis, John Parrott and Alan McManus.
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Jem Finer
Jem Max Finer (born 25 July 1955, Stoke-on-Trent) is an English musician, artist and composer. He was one of the founding members of The Pogues.
Finer was born in Stoke-on-Trent, England. He took a joint degree in computing and sociology at Keele University. After college he traveled Europe and spent some time working on a barge in France.[citation needed] He settled in London, where he met Shane MacGowan and Spider Stacy, with whom he founded The Pogues. He has worked in a variety of fields, including photography, film, experimental and popular music and installation.
Primarily a banjoist, he also plays other instruments, including mandola, saxophone, hurdy-gurdy and the guitar. Apart from Shane MacGowan (with whom he co-wrote several songs, including "Fairytale of New York"), Finer was the most prolific composer for the band.[citation needed]
He appeared on all the band's albums until their breakup in 1996; he was one of only three original members. During that time he also appeared on MacGowan's solo album The Snake and The Levellers' self titled release; he continued working as a musician and composer after leaving The Pogues.
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John Lightfoot
John Lightfoot (March 29, 1602 – December 6, 1675) was an English churchman, rabbinical scholar, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge and Master of St Catharine's College, Cambridge.
He was born in Stoke-on-Trent, the son of Thomas Lightfoot, vicar of Uttoxeter, Staffordshire. He was educated at Morton Green near Congleton, Cheshire, and at Christ's College, Cambridge, where he was regarded as the best orator among the undergraduates. After taking his degree he became assistant master at Repton in Derbyshire; after taking orders, he was appointed curate of Norton-under-Hales in Shropshire. There he attracted the notice of Sir Rowland Cotton, an amateur Hebraist, who made him his domestic chaplain at Bellaport. Shortly after the removal of Sir Rowland to London, Lightfoot, abandoning an intention to go abroad, accepted a charge at Stone in Staffordshire, where he continued for about two years. From Stone he removed to Hornsey, near London, for the sake of reading in the library of Sion College.
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John Madejski
Sir John Robert Madejski OBE DL (born Robert John Hurst on 28 April 1941 in Stoke-on-Trent; pronounced /məˈdeɪski/) is an English businessman, with commercial interests, spanning property, broadcast media, hotels, restaurants, publishing and football. He changed his name when his stepfather, a Polish airman during World War II, returned to Britain to marry his mother.
Madejski is the founder of the magazine which became Auto Trader and chairman of Reading F.C., as well as Chancellor of the University of Reading and Deputy Lieutenant of Berkshire. He is a benefactor to many institutions, especially in academia, education and the arts.
In the Sunday Times Rich List 2009 ranking of the wealthiest people in the UK he was placed 222nd with an estimated fortune of £250million.
Madejski was born Robert John Hurst on 28 April 1941, in Stoke-on-Trent, as a result of a wartime fling, being initially placed with a foster family. While still a baby, Hurst was moved back to his mother's home town of Reading and placed in a children's home. His mother later married a Polish Second World War airman, with Hurst eventually coming to live with them and adopting his stepfather's surname of Madejski (Hurst's biological father had started another family).
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John Rudge
John Robert Rudge (born 21 October 1944) is an English former football player and football manager. He is currently working as the director of football at Stoke City.
His playing career began at Huddersfield Town in November 1961, but he made little impact at the club and was transferred to Carlisle United in December 1967. In January 1969 he joined Torquay United, and twice finished as the club's top scorer, before he moved on to Bristol Rovers in February 1972. He helped the club to win promotion of the Third Division in 1973–74, before departing for Bournemouth in March 1975. His time on the coast was disrupted by injury, and he retired in 1977. He scored a total of 79 goals in 230 league and cup appearances in a sixteen year career in the Football League.
He managed Port Vale for a sixteen year period between 1983 to 1999, easily the longest spell in the club's history. He masterminded some of the club's most successful ever campaigns, leading them to promotion in 1985–86, 1989 and 1993–94; he also led them to the Anglo-Italian Cup final in 1996, and to victory in the Football League Trophy final in 1993. However he was sacked in January 1999, and subsequently was appointed director of football at their rivals – Stoke City.
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John Wain
John Barrington Wain (14 March 1925 – 24 May 1994) was an English poet, novelist, and critic, associated with the literary group "The Movement". For most of his life, Wain worked as a freelance journalist and author, writing and reviewing for newspapers and the radio. He seems to have married in 1947, since C. S. Lewis wrote a poem for his wedding in June of that year.
Wain was born and grew up in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, and attended St. John's College, Oxford, gaining a B.A. in 1946 and M.A. in 1950. He was a Fereday Fellow of St John's between 1946 and 1949.
He wrote his first novel Hurry on Down in 1953, a comic picaresque story about an unsettled university graduate who rejects the standards of conventional society. Other notable novels include Strike the Father Dead (1962), a tale of a jazzman's rebellion against his conventional father, and Young shoulders (1982), winner of the Whitbread Prize, the tale of a young boy dealing with the death of loved ones. Wain's use of lower-case letters in the titles of his novels indicate his non-conventional manner.
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John Wesley
John Wesley ( /ˈwɛzlɪ/; 28 June [O.S. 17 June] 1703 – 2 March 1791) was a Church of England cleric and Christian theologian. Wesley is largely credited, along with his brother Charles Wesley, as founding the Methodist movement which began when he took to open-air preaching in a similar manner to George Whitefield. In contrast to George Whitefield's Calvinism, Wesley embraced the Arminian doctrines that were dominant in the 18th-century Church of England. Methodism in both forms was a highly successful evangelical movement in the United Kingdom, which encouraged people to experience Jesus Christ personally.
Wesley's teachings, known as Wesleyanism, provided the seeds for both the modern Methodist movement, the Holiness movement, Pentecostalism, the Charismatic Movement, and Neo-charismatic churches, which encompass numerous denominations across the world. In addition, he refined Arminianism with a strong evangelical emphasis on the Reformed doctrine of justification by faith.
Wesley helped to organize and form societies of Christians throughout England, Scotland, Wales, North America and Ireland as small groups that developed intensive, personal accountability, discipleship and religious instruction among members. His great contribution was to appoint itinerant, unordained preachers who travelled widely to evangelise and care for people in the societies. Young men who acted as their assistants, known as "exhorters", emulated the twelve apostles after the ascension of Jesus.[citation needed]
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Jon Moulton
Jon Moulton (born 15 October 1950) is a British venture capitalist. He is the founder and managing partner of the private equity firm Better Capital, and is the former managing partner of the private equity firm Alchemy Partners. Moulton is best known for leading Alchemy Partners' bid to buy MG Rover from BMW in 2000, which ultimately lost out to a rival offer from the Phoenix Consortium.
Following the Installation Dinner of Mary Collis as Master of the Worshipful Company of Management Consultants at the Carpenter's Hall in October 2011, Moulton was admitted as an Honorary Freeman of the Company, in recognition of his long standing support of the Company and of outstanding service to private equity and the management consultancy industry.
Moulton is originally from Stoke-on-Trent. He was educated at Hanley High School and Lancaster University, where he took a degree in chemistry. He then trained as a chartered accountant, and joined Coopers & Lybrand in 1972. He left in 1980 to join Citicorp Venture Capital, and became managing director in London. He was managing partner of Schroder Ventures from 1985 to 1994, and after a spell at Apax Partners founded Alchemy in 1997.
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Jonathan Wilkes
Jonathan Wilkes (born 1 August 1978 in Baddeley Green, Stoke-on-Trent) is a friend of singer Robbie Williams.
Wilkes attended Holden Lane High School in Stoke-on-Trent.
Wilkes met his wife Nikki Wheeler in 1999 and they married in 2004. They have a son, Mickey.
Wilkes had ambitions to become a footballer in his teenage years, and was a part of Everton F.C's youth set-up in 1993. He went on to trials at Crewe and Chester as well as playing for Silverstone FC. He gave up football to pursue a career in show business.
In 2004 Wilkes appeared in Sky One's The Match where he captained a football match at St James' Park for a team of celebrities against a team of 'legends'.
Robbie Williams and Wilkes fronted Soccer Aid, a series of celebrity football matches in support of UNICEF.
Wilkes won the Cameron Mackintosh Young Entertainer of the Year award in 1996. He was the youngest person to star in the Blackpool Pleasure Beach end-of-pier-style show, which led to television work on BBC Choice (now BBC Three) programme Hype. He signed a three-year contract with ITV, fronting You've Been Framed, Love on a Saturday Night, and SMTV. Love on a Saturday Night was axed after just a series and a half after poor reception, and Wilkes' involvement with SMTV coincided with it being ended. Other TV credits include The Match, Soccer Aid, and All Star Cup. He also made weekly guest appearances on the ITV show Ant and Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway from February 2009.
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Josiah Wedgwood
Josiah Wedgwood (12 July 1730 – 3 January 1795) was an English potter, founder of the Wedgwood company, credited with the industrialization of the manufacture of pottery. A prominent abolitionist, Wedgwood is remembered for his "Am I Not a Man And a Brother?" anti-slavery medallion. He was a member of the Darwin–Wedgwood family. He was the grandfather of Charles Darwin and Emma Darwin.
Born in Burslem, Staffordshire, England, the twelfth and last child of Thomas Wedgwood and Margret Wedgwood (née Stringer; d. 1766), Josiah was raised within a family of English Dissenters. By the age of nine, he was proving himself to be a skilled potter. He survived a childhood bout of smallpox to serve as an apprentice potter under his eldest brother Thomas Wedgwood IV. Smallpox left Josiah with a permanently weakened knee, which made him unable to work the foot pedal of a potter's wheel. As a result, he concentrated from an early age on designing pottery and then making it etc.
In his early twenties, Wedgwood began working with the most renowned English pottery-maker of his day, Thomas Whieldon, who eventually became his business partner in 1754. He began experimenting with a wide variety of techniques, an experimentation that coincided with the burgeoning of the nearby industrial city of Manchester. Inspired, Wedgwood leased the Ivy Works in the town of Burslem. Over the course of the next decade, his experimentation (and a considerable injection of capital from his marriage to a richly-endowed distant cousin) transformed the sleepy artisan works into the first true pottery factory.
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King George V
George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 through the First World War (1914–1918) until his death in 1936.
George was a grandson of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert and the first cousin of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany. From 1877 to 1891, he served in the Royal Navy. On the death of Victoria in 1901, George's father became King Edward VII, and George was made Prince of Wales. On his father's death in 1910, he succeeded as King-Emperor of the British Empire. He was the only Emperor of India to be present at his own Delhi Durbar.
As a result of the First World War, other empires in Europe fell while his expanded to its greatest extent. In 1917, he became the first monarch of the House of Windsor, which he renamed from the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha as a result of anti-German public sentiment. His reign saw the rise of socialism, communism, fascism, Irish republicanism, and the Indian independence movement, all of which radically changed the political landscape. The Parliament Act 1911 established the supremacy of the elected House of Commons of the United Kingdom over the unelected House of Lords. In 1924 he appointed the first Labour ministry and in 1931 the Statute of Westminster recognised the dominions of the Empire as separate, independent kingdoms within the Commonwealth of Nations. He was plagued by illness throughout much of his later reign and at his death was succeeded by his eldest son, Edward VIII.
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Lemmy
Ian Fraser "Lemmy" Kilmister (born on 24 December 1945 in Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England) is an English heavy metal musician.
He is best known as bassist, vocalist, songwriter and founding and sole constant member of the rock band Motörhead as well as a member of Hawkwind. His appearance, including his friendly mutton chops, prominent facial moles, and gravelly voice, has made him a cult icon.
Lemmy was born on Christmas Eve in 1945 in Burslem, Stoke on Trent, England. When Lemmy was three months old, his father, an ex-Royal Air Force chaplain, separated from his mother. His mother and grandmother settled in Newcastle-under-Lyme, then moved on to Madeley, Staffordshire.
When Lemmy was 10, his mother married George Willis, who already had two older children from a previous marriage, Patricia and Tony, with whom Lemmy did not get along. The family moved to a farm in Benllech, Anglesey, North Wales and it was during this time that he started to show an interest in rock and roll music, girls and horses. He attended Ysgol Syr Thomas Jones school in Amlwch, where he was nicknamed Lemmy, although he is unsure why and it would later be claimed that it originated from the phrase "lemmy a quid till Friday" because of his habit of borrowing money from people to feed his addiction to fruit machines (slot machines).
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Mark Bright
Mark Abraham Bright (born 6 June 1962) is a former English footballer who is now a sports pundit and BBC London's sport presenter, as well as a coach at Crystal Palace.
He made the move from non-league Leek Town to Port Vale in 1981, where he remained for three years before he signed with Leicester City. In 1986 he transferred to Crystal Palace, where he would score 92 league goals over the next six years. Joining Sheffield Wednesday in 1992, he stayed with the club for five years before moving to Swiss side FC Sion in 1997, following a short loan stay at Millwall. He returned to England later in 1997 to play for Charlton Athletic, before he announced his retirement in 1999. A forward, he scored 167 goals in 463 league games throughout an eighteen year career in the Football League.
After a spell working in a factory and playing part-time at Leek Town, Bright moved to Port Vale in October 1981, a club that had previously released him from their youth team at the age of 16. He made his full debut in a 2–0 home win over Torquay United, two weeks after coming on as a substitute in a goalless home draw with York City on 1 May 1982. He had earned a regular first team spot by April 1984 and scored in five successive matches, which brought him to the attention of bigger clubs. Graham Barnett advised him to reject John Rudge's offer of a two year contract, and in June 1984 Bright was sold to Leicester City for £33,333. This fee was later doubled due to a top-up clause.
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Mark Meredith
Mark Joseph Meredith (born 21 August 1965 in Shelton, Stoke-on-Trent) was the second and last directly elected mayor of Stoke-on-Trent in England. An openly gay man and former amateur boxer he was elected on 5 May 2005, for the Labour Party, and defeated incumbent independent Mike Wolfe. In March 2009, Meredith was arrested on suspicion of corruption in office, but was never charged. He is now a Councillor for the Birches Head and Central Forest Park ward in Stoke-on-Trent, in addition to running his own business, Apollo Blinds.
A member of the Labour Party since 1982, Meredith held posts at various levels of the Labour Party, including time as a member of the national committee, representing the West Midlands, of the Labour Party's youth section, the Labour Party Young Socialists (LPYS) prior to its disbandment at the 1987 Labour Party Conference. He also worked for several years during this time as a youth organiser for the Militant tendency. A local businessman in the Stoke-on-Trent town of Hanley since 1991, he was selected as the Mayoral Labour candidate in December 2004, defeating four others to win the Labour nomination.
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Murdoc Niccals
The fictional character Murdoc Alphonce Niccals (born June 6, 1966) is a musician, member of the virtual band Gorillaz. He provides bass, and is the self-proclaimed leader of the band. He is voiced by Phil Cornwell.
In Rise of the Ogre it is revealed that Murdoc was dumped on his father's doorstep in childhood and went on to a very abusive childhood. It has been proposed that his many addictions and his sour attitude were due to his abusive and very bad childhood. Murdoc stated in Rise of the Ogre that everybody knew who his father was but nobody quite knew who his mother was and there are so many stories about who she is. Sebastian Jacob Niccals ("or Jacob Sebastian Niccals, depending on who's asking") was a spiteful drunk of a man who often verbally abused and exploited his sons. The local pub had a routine talent show that Murdoc was often forced to participate in so he could win his father drinking money (Murdoc once played Pinocchio, singing "I've Got No Strings"). Though he and his older sibling Hannibal never got along (he was responsible for two of the eight separate times Murdoc's nose was broken), it was through his older brother that Murdoc was introduced to his favorite bands, such as The Clash (though Murdoc found Black Sabbath on his own).
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Nick Hancock
Nick Hancock (born 25 October 1962, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire) is an English actor and television presenter. Probably TV's most well known Stoke City supporter, he hosted the sports quiz They Think It's All Over for 10 years. He also formerly presented Room 101 (1994–1999) on TV, as well as its earlier radio version (1992–1994). He has recently been interviewed by 6 Town Radio about the 40th anniversary of Stoke's 1972 League cup win.
Taking a sabbatical from show business, from 2005 he began working for a friend's mortgage brokerage. He left the position in February 2007, although no reason for his departure was made public.
Hancock grew up with three elder sisters, with father Ken, a builder. He was educated at Yarlet School in Staffordshire and Shrewsbury School and won a place at Homerton College, Cambridge. While at Cambridge, Hancock was a member of the Footlights where he first collaborated with Hugh Dennis and Steve Punt and became president in 1983 with Punt as vice president. He was also a founding member of the Homerton College Blaggards.
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Patricia Leonard
Patricia Leonard (9 March 1936 – 28 January 2010) was an English opera singer, best known for her performances in mezzo-soprano and contralto roles of the Savoy Operas with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company.
After working as a secretary, Leonard turned to singing in concerts and on the radio. She began to sing opera, first with Sadler's Wells Opera, and joined the D'Oyly Carte in 1972. There she moved up from chorister to small-role player, understudying larger roles, taking on the major mezzo-soprano role of Mad Margaret in Ruddigore in 1975. In 1977, she took over as the company's principal contralto, playing ten of these leading roles with the company until its closure in 1982. She married Michael Buchan (né Michael Fox), who joined D'Oyly Carte with her and performed frequently with her in later years.
In later years, she continued to perform in Gilbert and Sullivan operas with various opera companies and with the group Gilbert and Sullivan for All. She also returned to singing in concerts, including oratorios, opera pieces and other classical works, including in a series of The Proms evenings with the National Concert Orchestra, as well as operetta, musical theatre and music hall. She appeared on BBC broadcasts and in plays, films and commercials until about 2008 and gave singing lessons.
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Peter Coates
Peter Coates (born 13 January 1938) is a businessman and current owner of the Stoke City Football Club. He has been listed as the 25th richest person in British football. He founded Bet365 in 2000, as well as Signal Radio in 1983.
Peter Coates was born in Goldenhill, Stoke-on-Trent, the youngest of 14 children. His father was a miner and had a keen interest in football, where they regularly attended Stoke City's Victoria Ground. Coates signed for the club on amateur terms in the 1950s, but admitted he was "not quite good enough" to make it as a professional, instead he went on to play for local non-league sides Goldenhill Wanderers and Kidsgrove Athletic, he stopped playing football at the age of 23.
Coates left school at age fourteen to work in an office. He served in the Parachute Regiment for his National Service. Out of the service he rose to become a regional manager at Wimpy restaurants, before founding Stadia Catering - a catering firm specializing in servicing football grounds. His company merged with Lindley Catering, and he was the company's chair from 1968 to 2001. He also founded Signal 1 in 1983.
wn.com/Peter_Coates -
Peter Thornley
Peter Thornley (born 19 October 1946 in Stoke-on-Trent) is a British professional wrestler known as Kendo Nagasaki. He was one of the biggest draws of all time in British Wrestling, especially in the mid-1970s and the turn of the 1980s/1990s.
In November 1964 had his first professional contest against "Jumping" Jim Hussey at Willenhall Baths. Nagasaki's most notable achievement during the 60's was in March 1966 when he defeated and unmasked Count Bartelli (Crewe born Geoff Condliffe) at the Victoria Hall, Hanley. Bartelli had been Nagasaki's mentor and tag team partner (and Condliffe had been Thornley's real life trainer) until they had a storyline falling out over Nagasaki's rough tactics in the ring. During the late 1960s, Nagasaki would feud with Billy Robinson and also with a young Jean Ferre
Kendo Nagasaki finally made his ITV debut in May 1971 with a victory over Wayne Bridges. During July 1971 in what was said to be a sensational TV contest with Billy Howes, his mask came off in the heat of the battle causing confusion all around. Howes spent a great deal of effort in pounding Nagasaki's head and dragging his tight fitting mask up, almost covering Nagasaki's eyes, and tried to untie the straps holding it on, before under his relentless efforts it came loose. Howes showed little sign off actually wrestling in the end stages, and was solely intent on removing the mask, which he finally did and Nagasaki quickly left the ring covering his face.
wn.com/Peter_Thornley -
Peter Whelan
Peter Whelan (born 1931) is a British playwright.
Whelan was born and raised in Stoke-on-Trent, England. His works includes seven plays for the Royal Shakespeare Company, the first of which was Captain Swing, in 1979. Another was The Herbal Bed which ran for six months at The Duchess Theatre from April to October 1997. Important papers of his are stored in the Borthwick Institute for Archives in the Library of the University of York.
In 2008, his play The School of Night, originally produced at the RSC's The Other Place theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon, in November 1992, made its U.S. debut at the Mark Taper Forum in Los Angeles. It fictionalizes the relationships between Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, Thomas Kyd and Sir Walter Raleigh as well as the events leading up to Marlowe's death.
wn.com/Peter_Whelan -
Peter Wyngarde
Peter Paul Wyngarde (born 1928) is an English actor best known for playing the character Jason King, a bestselling novelist turned sleuth, in two British television series in the late 1960s and early 1970s: Department S (1969–1970) and Jason King (1971–1972).
wn.com/Peter_Wyngarde -
R. J. Mitchell
Reginald Joseph Mitchell CBE, FRAeS, (20 May 1895 - 11 June 1937) was a British aeronautical engineer, best known for his design of the Supermarine Spitfire.
R.J. Mitchell was born at 115 Congleton Road, Butt Lane, Kidsgrove, Staffordshire, England. After leaving Hanley High School at the age of 16 he gained an apprenticeship at Kerr Stuart & Co. of Fenton, a locomotive engineering works. At the end of his apprenticeship he worked in the drawing office at Kerr Stuart and studied engineering and mathematics at night school.
In 1917, he joined the Supermarine Aviation Works at Southampton. Advancing quickly within the company, Mitchell was appointed Chief Designer in 1919. He was made Chief Engineer in 1920 and Technical Director in 1927. He was so highly regarded that, when Vickers took over Supermarine in 1928, one of the conditions was that Mitchell stay as a designer for the next five years.
Between 1920 and 1936, Mitchell designed 24 aircraft including light aircraft, fighters and bombers. As Supermarine was primarily a seaplane manufacturer, this included a number flying boats such as the Supermarine Sea Eagle, the Supermarine Sea King, the Supermarine Walrus and Supermarine Stranraer. However, he is best remembered for his work on a series of racing aircraft, which culminated in the Supermarine S.6B, and the famous Supermarine Spitfire fighter.
wn.com/R._J._Mitchell -
Reginald H. Jones
Reginald H. Jones (11 July 1917 - 30 December 2003(2003-12-30) (aged 86)) was the chairman and CEO of General Electric from 1972 to 1981.
Jones was born in Stoke-on-Trent, England, United Kingdom.[citation needed]
After graduating from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, where he was a brother of Phi Sigma Kappa, Jones joined the GE's Business Training Course in 1939. He spent his entire career with GE. In 1968, Jones became the company's chief financial officer, and was elected senior vice-president two years later, in 1970. He attained the top spot in 1972, serving as CEO until 1981. He was awarded the Vermilye Medal in 1978.
Jones selected his successor, Jack Welch, based on the outcome of a succession contest. Jones' own account of that contest can be heard in an interview conducted with him by Prof. Gerald Zahavi (U-Albany, SUNY).[citation needed] See links below to access a portion of that interview.
Jones is best known to the public for his role in changing the relationship between business and government. As Chairman of the Business Council and co-chairman of the Business Roundtable, he was a leader in the movement to develop a constructive business-government dialogue.
wn.com/Reginald_H._Jones -
Robbie Williams
Robert Peter "Robbie" Williams (born 13 February 1974) is an English singer-songwriter, vocal coach and occasional actor. He is a member of the pop group Take That.
Williams rose to fame in the band's first run in the early- to mid-1990s. After many disagreements with the management and certain group members, Williams left the group in 1995 to launch his solo career. On 15 July 2010, it was announced he had rejoined Take That and that the group intended to release a new album in November 2010 which became the second fastest-selling album of all-time in UK chart history and the fastest-selling record of the century.
Williams has sold over 70 million records worldwide, which ranks him among the best-selling music artists worldwide. He is the best-selling British solo artist in the United Kingdom and the best selling non-Latino artist in Latin America. Six of his albums are among the top 100 biggest-selling albums in the United Kingdom. He has also been honoured with seventeen BRIT Awards—more than any other artist—and seven ECHO Awards. In 2004, he was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame after being voted as the "Greatest Artist of the 1990s."
wn.com/Robbie_Williams -
Roy Sproson
Roy Sproson (23 September 1930 – 24 January 1997) was an English footballer and football manager for Port Vale. A one-club man, he holds the all-time appearance record for Vale, making 837 starts (and 5 substitute appearances) for Vale between 1950 and 1972. This includes a run of 128 consecutive appearances between April 1954 and March 1957. He is also fourteenth on the all time Football League appearance list.
Sproson is a Port Vale legend, sticking with the club from its highest peaks in the early 1950s until the troughs of the last 1960s near the bottom of the Football League. He served under eight managers before taking the reins himself between 1974 and 1977. A relic of a bygone era when it was common for players to only play for a few clubs throughout their entire careers, his record for the club is unlikely ever to be equalled or bettered. He finished with around 350 more appearances for the club than his closest rival, and teammate of fifteen years, Harry Poole.
Roy Sproson was born above a greengrocer's shop at 3 Slater Street, Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent on 23 September 1930. Legend has it he was named for the local featherweight boxer Roy Berrisford, after his father returned home from witnessing a Berrisford victory to find his wife had given birth in his absence.
wn.com/Roy_Sproson -
Sasha (DJ)
Sasha (born Alexander Paul Coe on 4 September 1969 in Bangor, Caernarfonshire, Wales) is a Welsh DJ and record producer. Sasha began his career playing acid house dance music in the late 1980s. He partnered with fellow DJ John Digweed in 1993, touring internationally and producing a series of mixes (compilations of other artists work played in a continuous fashion).
Sasha has produced multiple UK-charting singles and has remixed tracks for artists such as Madonna and The Chemical Brothers. His remix of Felix da Housecat's "Watching Cars Go By" earned him a 2004 Grammy nomination. Sasha's remixing and production often combine electronic music genres, making it difficult for critics to pinpoint his musical style, including on his debut album of original work, Airdrawndagger.
After achieving success as a producer and DJ, Sasha worked with younger DJs and producers such as BT and James Zabiela, influencing their musical styles and techniques. His use of live audio engineering equipment helped popularise technological innovations among DJs who formerly relied on records and turntables. Despite the changing trends in electronic dance music, Sasha continues to perform in large dance venues. In 2007, he formed a record label with Renaissance Records called emFire, which is the exclusive outlet for his new music.
wn.com/Sasha_(DJ) -
Sidney Tushingham
Sidney Tushingham (1884 – 1968) was a painter and etcher who specialised in rustic scenes of villages and small town life.
He was born in Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent, England, where he started his artistic career as a china painter. He attended Burslem School of Art and progressed to the Royal College of Art. He worked as a vase painter at Royal Doulton in 1922 as he established his career as a society painter. He also became known for his etchings of pre-war Britain, Italy and Spain.
He died in Haywards Heath, West Sussex in 1968.
wn.com/Sidney_Tushingham -
Slash (musician)
Saul Hudson (born July 23, 1965), known by his stage name Slash, is a British-American musician and songwriter. He is best known as the former lead guitarist of the American hard rock band Guns N' Roses, with whom he achieved worldwide success in the late 1980s and early 1990s. During his later years with Guns N' Roses, Slash formed the side project Slash's Snakepit. He then co-founded the supergroup Velvet Revolver, which re-established him as a mainstream performer in the mid to late 2000s. In 2010, Slash released his eponymous debut solo album, featuring an all-star roster of guest musicians. His second album, Apocalyptic Love, recorded with his band, was released on May 22, 2012.
Slash has received critical acclaim as a guitarist. Time named him runner-up on their list of "The 10 Best Electric Guitar Players" in 2009, while Rolling Stone placed him at No. 65 on their list of "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time" in 2011.Guitar World ranked his solo in "November Rain" No. 6 on their list of "The 100 Greatest Guitar Solos" in 2008, and Total Guitar placed his riff in "Sweet Child o' Mine" at No. 1 on their list of "The 100 Greatest Riffs" in 2004.
wn.com/Slash_(musician) -
Stanley Matthews
Sir Stanley Matthews, CBE (1 February 1915 – 23 February 2000) was an English footballer. Often regarded as one of the greatest players of the English game, he is the only player to have been knighted while still playing, as well as being the first winner of both the European Footballer of the Year and the Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year awards. Matthews' nicknames included "The Wizard of the Dribble" and "The Magician".
A near-vegetarian teetotaller, he kept fit enough to play at the top level until he was 50 years old. He was also the oldest player ever to play in England's top football division and the oldest player ever to represent the country. He played his final competitive game in 1985, at the age of 70. Matthews was also an inaugural inductee to the English Football Hall of Fame in 2002 to honour his contribution to the English game.
He spent nineteen years with Stoke City, playing for the "Potters" from 1932 to 1947, and again from 1961 to 1965. He helped Stoke to the Second Division title in 1932–33 and 1962–63. In between his two spells at Stoke he spent fourteen years with Blackpool; where he became an FA Cup winner in 1953 (known as the Matthews Final), after he was on the losing side in the 1948 and 1951 finals. Between 1937 and 1957 he won 54 caps for England, playing in the FIFA World Cup in 1950 and 1954, and winning nine British Home Championship titles.
wn.com/Stanley_Matthews -
Stephen Malkmus
Stephen Joseph Malkmus (born May 30, 1966) is an American musician best known as the lead singer and guitarist of the alternative rock band Pavement. He currently performs with Stephen Malkmus and the Jicks.
Stephen Malkmus was born in Santa Monica, California on May 30, 1966 to Mary and Stephen Malkmus, Sr. His father was a property and casualty insurance agent. When Stephen Jr. was 8, the family moved upstate to Stockton, where he attended Carpinteria's Cate School and Lodi's Tokay High School. As a teenager, Malkmus worked various jobs, including painting house numbers on street curbs and "flipping burgers or whatever" at a country club. At age 16, he spent the night in jail after consuming alcohol, urinating in the bushes, and walking on the roofs of several residential homes. Later, he was placed on probation for underage drinking, and was also expelled from school "for going to a party in the woods where people were taking mushrooms. I didn’t take them, but some guy narc’d on me."
wn.com/Stephen_Malkmus -
Susie Cooper
Susan Vera Cooper, known as Susie Cooper (29 October 1902 – 28 July 1995) was a prolific English ceramic designer working in the Stoke-on-Trent pottery industries from the 1920s to the 1980s.
Born in Stanfields, Stoke-on-Trent, she was the youngest of seven children. From an early age she developed an interest in drawing, and began her art education by attending night classes at the Burslem School of Art. In 1922 she joined the ceramics firm A.E. Gray & Co. Ltd, partially as a means to gain entry to the Royal College of Art.
A. Edward Gray quickly discovered her talents as a painter and designer, and soon enough Susie was producing her hand-painted floral designs. In 1923 A.E. Gray launched the Gloria Lustre Range employing the technique of lustreware. In 1929, motivated by her desire to design ceramic shapes in addition to decors, she broke away with her brother-in-law Albert "Jack" Beeson to set up her own business, as Susie Cooper Potteries.
Susie worked for many other pottery firms over the next several decades, including Wedgwood. In 1940 she was awarded the Royal Designer for Industry by the Royal Society of Arts, and in 1979 she received an OBE. By all accounts Elizabeth, The Queen Mother was an admirer of her work.
wn.com/Susie_Cooper -
Ted Hankey
Edward "Ted" Hankey (born 20 February 1968 in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire) is an English darts player who is a two-time World Professional Darts Champion. His nickname is The Count and his walk on music is Be On Your Way by DJ Zany.. He plays for the Professional Darts Corporation
In the 2000 BDO World Darts Championship, he whitewashed Ronnie Baxter 6–0 in the final, winning the match with a spectacular 170 checkout – the highest three-dart finish achievable. The final lasted only 46 minutes, the shortest in the tournament's history. In the semi-final v Chris Mason, he scored a championship record 22 x 180s in a match. (The next highest are 15 and 14, which he also holds, in matches v Tony O'Shea in the final and Martin Adams in the semi-finals respectively, both in 2009.) He also scored a record 48 x 180s during the 2000 tournament. Hankey reached the final again in 2001, but lost to John Walton 6–2. After this Hankey went through a fairly barren spell at the Lakeside and did not reach another major final or World Championship semi-final until his victory in the 2009 BDO World Championships.
wn.com/Ted_Hankey -
This Is Seb Clarke
This Is Seb Clarke or (TISC) are a twelve piece soul-punk ensemble from Stoke-On-Trent, North Staffordshire. Their line-up plays Hammond organ, piano, bass, drums, lead guitar, rhythm guitar and has a brass section. The group are named after their frontman and principal songwriter, Sebastian Clarke.
Playing soulful ballads with an acoustic guitar and blues harp. A tour of acoustic tents at numerous festivals culminated in a performance at T in the Park in 2004. Later that year, the line-up expanded to incorporate a bass player and drummer, but this trio rapidly grew into the twelve-piece. The band sound was getting faster, louder and more energetic and soon developed into a curious blend of Northern Soul and punk.[citation needed]
As a nod towards old Northern soul posters, 19960s Stax album cover designs and Spinal Tap, the band had begun to advertise itself, with tongue firmly in cheek, as “This Is Seb Clarke”.[citation needed] This, in due course, lead to the name. The band embarked on a UK tour, played a sell out gig at the London venue, The Borderline, as well as a performance at Guilfest, which found them vote the second best band at the festival by BBC Radio 2, after Blondie and before The Stranglers.[citation needed]
wn.com/This_Is_Seb_Clarke -
Thomas Minton
Thomas Minton (1765 – 1836) was an English potter. He founded Thomas Minton & Sons in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, which grew into a major ceramic manufacturing company with an international reputation.
He established his pottery factory in Stoke-upon-Trent in 1793 producing earthenware and from 1798 bone china. His products were standard domestic tableware in blue transfer printed or painted earthenware and china, including the ever-popular willow pattern, and fine ornamental chinaware.
wn.com/Thomas_Minton
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Police drug test bar drinkers in Stoke on Trent
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:39
- Updated: 15 Dec 2012
Police drug test bar drinkers in Stoke on Trent
http://wn.com/Police_drug_test_bar_drinkers_in_Stoke_on_Trent
Festive Packs: Stoke City's Geoff Cameron's home visits in Stoke-on-Trent 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:29
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
Volunteers have been handing out festive rescue packs across Stoke-on-Trent courtesy of the Co-operative, Britannia and Stoke City FC. Here, Annabelle chats to George and Dave from the Co-operative who were helping to hand out the packs.
http://wn.com/Festive_Packs_Stoke_City's_Geoff_Cameron's_home_visits_in_Stoke-on-Trent_1
Volunteers have been handing out festive rescue packs across Stoke-on-Trent courtesy of the Co-operative, Britannia and Stoke City FC. Here, Annabelle chats to George and Dave from the Co-operative who were helping to hand out the packs.
- published: 18 Dec 2012
- views: 131
- author: 6TownsRadio
Stairlifts Stoke on Trent 01782 630999
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:47
- Updated: 19 Dec 2012
www.castlecomfortstairlifts.co.uk Stairlifts Stoke on Trent Stairlifts throughout North Staffordshire and South Cheshire. This is a Brooks Stairlift installation in Stoke on Trent not far from Hanley Park, recently fitted and demonstrated by Keith from Castle Comfort Stairlifts Ltd. http The stairlift showroom can be found on your satnav by typing in ST5 8BW and you can make an arrangement to view static models and a working stairlift on the stairs. Just call 01782 630999 and our friendly staff will help you out. We are arguably the regions favourite mobility shop and one of the nations best value stairlifts suppliers. www.youtube.com Stoke on Trent Stairlifts Stairlifts Stoke on Trent
http://wn.com/Stairlifts_Stoke_on_Trent_01782_630999
www.castlecomfortstairlifts.co.uk Stairlifts Stoke on Trent Stairlifts throughout North Staffordshire and South Cheshire. This is a Brooks Stairlift installation in Stoke on Trent not far from Hanley Park, recently fitted and demonstrated by Keith from Castle Comfort Stairlifts Ltd. http The stairlift showroom can be found on your satnav by typing in ST5 8BW and you can make an arrangement to view static models and a working stairlift on the stairs. Just call 01782 630999 and our friendly staff will help you out. We are arguably the regions favourite mobility shop and one of the nations best value stairlifts suppliers. www.youtube.com Stoke on Trent Stairlifts Stairlifts Stoke on Trent
- published: 23 Jun 2012
- views: 8284
- author: stairliftking
John Lewis Stoke-on-Trent Snowman Parody Advert
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:26
- Updated: 20 Dec 2012
There's no John Lewis in Stoke-on-Trent, so what is a snowman meant to do?! Thanks to Brooklyn-Rose for use of her cover of The Power Of Love. www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/John_Lewis_Stoke-on-Trent_Snowman_Parody_Advert
There's no John Lewis in Stoke-on-Trent, so what is a snowman meant to do?! Thanks to Brooklyn-Rose for use of her cover of The Power Of Love. www.youtube.com
- published: 29 Nov 2012
- views: 10678
- author: SignalRadio
Stoke-on-Trent Dick and Dom
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:56
- Updated: 21 Dec 2012
The Cat sings a song about Stoke on Trent
http://wn.com/Stoke-on-Trent_Dick_and_Dom
Making Royal Collection English fine bone china in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:49
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
Watch skilled English craftsmen produce commemorative china for The Royal Collection, Buckingham Palace. All Royal Collection commemorative china, including the official range to mark the Diamond Jubilee of HM Queen Elizabeth II is traditionally made by hand in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire -- the heart of the English 'Potteries' using skilled methods that have remained largely unchanged in over 250 years. See the complete range at www.royalcollectionshop.co.uk
http://wn.com/Making_Royal_Collection_English_fine_bone_china_in_Stoke-on-Trent,_Staffordshire,_England
Watch skilled English craftsmen produce commemorative china for The Royal Collection, Buckingham Palace. All Royal Collection commemorative china, including the official range to mark the Diamond Jubilee of HM Queen Elizabeth II is traditionally made by hand in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire -- the heart of the English 'Potteries' using skilled methods that have remained largely unchanged in over 250 years. See the complete range at www.royalcollectionshop.co.uk
- published: 25 Jun 2012
- views: 6977
- author: TheRoyalChannel
COMMUNITY PARADE Olympic Torch Stoke on Trent
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:04
- Updated: 26 Jun 2012
http://wn.com/COMMUNITY_PARADE_Olympic_Torch_Stoke_on_Trent
Oxy-Acetylene gas welding
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:27
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
This instructional video details the setting up and safety considerations required when using Oxy-Acetylene gas welding equipment. If you require any further information about this or any other engineering training requirement, please e-mail a request for information to info@stokecoll.ac.uk.
http://wn.com/Oxy-Acetylene_gas_welding
This instructional video details the setting up and safety considerations required when using Oxy-Acetylene gas welding equipment. If you require any further information about this or any other engineering training requirement, please e-mail a request for information to info@stokecoll.ac.uk.
- published: 14 Apr 2010
- views: 37718
- author: StokeonTrentCollege
TRUCKS AT STOKE ON TRENT SEPTEMBER 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:08
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
BUY DVD NOW PMP FILMS www.pmpfilms.com the world's largest range of transport hobby films. See website for list, shop, links, blog etc
http://wn.com/TRUCKS_AT_STOKE_ON_TRENT_SEPTEMBER_2011
BUY DVD NOW PMP FILMS www.pmpfilms.com the world's largest range of transport hobby films. See website for list, shop, links, blog etc
- published: 10 Sep 2011
- views: 4339
- author: DaveSpencer32
Tour of Britain 2012, Stage 5 (Pt 6), Stoke-on-Trent (13 September 2012)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:18
- Updated: 10 Dec 2012
Marc de Maar wins Stage 5 of the Tour of Britain in a time of 3hr30m26s as Leigh Howard reclaims the overall lead. *Part 6 of 9* Tour of Britain presented by Love Cycling. www.youtube.com IG Gold Jersey, General Classification after Stage 5: 1) Leigh Howard, Orica - GreenEDGE, 20:38:35 2) Boy Van Poppel, UnitedHealthcare, + 0.7 3) Sep Vanmarcke, Garmin - Sharp, + 0.17 4) Nathan Haas, Garmin - Sharp, + 0.23 5) Christian Knees, Sky Procycling, + 0.24 6) Jonathan Tiernan-Locke, Endura Racing, st 7) Damiano Caruso, Liquigas - Cannondale, st 8) Christopher Jones, UnitedHealthcare, + 0.34 9) Bartosz Huzarski, Team NetApp, + 2.2 10) David Lelay, Saur Sojasun, st
http://wn.com/Tour_of_Britain_2012,_Stage_5_Pt_6,_Stoke-on-Trent_13_September_2012
Marc de Maar wins Stage 5 of the Tour of Britain in a time of 3hr30m26s as Leigh Howard reclaims the overall lead. *Part 6 of 9* Tour of Britain presented by Love Cycling. www.youtube.com IG Gold Jersey, General Classification after Stage 5: 1) Leigh Howard, Orica - GreenEDGE, 20:38:35 2) Boy Van Poppel, UnitedHealthcare, + 0.7 3) Sep Vanmarcke, Garmin - Sharp, + 0.17 4) Nathan Haas, Garmin - Sharp, + 0.23 5) Christian Knees, Sky Procycling, + 0.24 6) Jonathan Tiernan-Locke, Endura Racing, st 7) Damiano Caruso, Liquigas - Cannondale, st 8) Christopher Jones, UnitedHealthcare, + 0.34 9) Bartosz Huzarski, Team NetApp, + 2.2 10) David Lelay, Saur Sojasun, st
- published: 13 Sep 2012
- views: 1037
- author: LoveCyclingTV
Police Enforcement Day in Stoke-on-Trent
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:57
- Updated: 01 Nov 2012
Sixteen people have so far been arrested by police in a targeted enforcement day at addresses across the north of Stoke-on-Trent. Today's (6 October 2011) activities formed part of a pre-planned operation targeting specific addresses of those believed to involved in drug-related crime and serious acquisitive crime.
http://wn.com/Police_Enforcement_Day_in_Stoke-on-Trent
Sixteen people have so far been arrested by police in a targeted enforcement day at addresses across the north of Stoke-on-Trent. Today's (6 October 2011) activities formed part of a pre-planned operation targeting specific addresses of those believed to involved in drug-related crime and serious acquisitive crime.
- published: 06 Oct 2011
- views: 6603
- author: staffordshirepolice
BUSES AT HANLEY STOKE ON TRENT NOVEMBER 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:20
- Updated: 21 Apr 2012
BUY DVD NOW www.pmpfilms.com PMP FILMS www.pmpfilms.com the world's largest range of transport hobby films, see website for shop, list, links, blog etc
http://wn.com/BUSES_AT_HANLEY_STOKE_ON_TRENT_NOVEMBER_2011
BUY DVD NOW www.pmpfilms.com PMP FILMS www.pmpfilms.com the world's largest range of transport hobby films, see website for shop, list, links, blog etc
- published: 13 Nov 2011
- views: 2663
- author: DaveSpencer32
A tour of Stoke-on-Trent
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:08
- Updated: 21 Dec 2012
I made this whilst bored on a summer evening in 2007. My plan was to visit all the towns which make up Stoke-on-Trent in one continuous drive.
http://wn.com/A_tour_of_Stoke-on-Trent
I made this whilst bored on a summer evening in 2007. My plan was to visit all the towns which make up Stoke-on-Trent in one continuous drive.
- published: 06 Aug 2007
- views: 65645
- author: kimmynizzle
Slash Solo/Godfather Theme at Stoke on Trent 24/07/2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:55
- Updated: 12 Dec 2012
Go to 2:48 for the Godfather theme
http://wn.com/Slash_Solo_Godfather_Theme_at_Stoke_on_Trent_24_07_2011
Lidice Shall Live - Stoke-on-Trent September 6th 1942
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:34
- Updated: 26 Sep 2012
The launch of the "Lidice Shall Live" campaign as reported by Movietone at the time. The launch took place barely three months after the atrocity in Lidice. Barnett Stross made the defiant remark that "Lidice Shall Live" in direct response to Hitler's proclamation that Lidice should "Die Forever". As an arbitrary reprisal for the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich the mining village of Lidice was systematically removed without trace from the surface of the earth. Stross's campaign attracted the mineworkers and other workers in Stoke-on-Trent and, from its base in the potteries, began to spread nationally, then internationally. After the war the equivalent of £1m had been raised to assist in the rebuild of a "new" Lidice. Stross's stamp is everywhere in today's Lidice: the gallery, the rose garden, Barnett Stross Alley. Sir Barnett Stross was granted Freedon of the Lidice in 1957. Theartbay Gallery, based in Fenton, Stoke-on-Trent, runs the UK Children's Fine Art Competition to celebrate the rebirth of Lidice and to endow children with the best of values. It contributes to The International Children's Exhibition of Fine Arts, the largest fine art competition for children in the world, which regularly receives over 25000 entries from over 70 different countries. Find out now at Theartbay Gallery and www.ukchildrensartcompetition.org.uk
http://wn.com/Lidice_Shall_Live_Stoke-on-Trent_September_6th_1942
The launch of the "Lidice Shall Live" campaign as reported by Movietone at the time. The launch took place barely three months after the atrocity in Lidice. Barnett Stross made the defiant remark that "Lidice Shall Live" in direct response to Hitler's proclamation that Lidice should "Die Forever". As an arbitrary reprisal for the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich the mining village of Lidice was systematically removed without trace from the surface of the earth. Stross's campaign attracted the mineworkers and other workers in Stoke-on-Trent and, from its base in the potteries, began to spread nationally, then internationally. After the war the equivalent of £1m had been raised to assist in the rebuild of a "new" Lidice. Stross's stamp is everywhere in today's Lidice: the gallery, the rose garden, Barnett Stross Alley. Sir Barnett Stross was granted Freedon of the Lidice in 1957. Theartbay Gallery, based in Fenton, Stoke-on-Trent, runs the UK Children's Fine Art Competition to celebrate the rebirth of Lidice and to endow children with the best of values. It contributes to The International Children's Exhibition of Fine Arts, the largest fine art competition for children in the world, which regularly receives over 25000 entries from over 70 different countries. Find out now at Theartbay Gallery and www.ukchildrensartcompetition.org.uk
- published: 05 Sep 2011
- views: 3395
- author: Theartbay
SLASH feat. Myles Kennedy - Back from Cali / Rocket Queen (Victoria Hall in Stoke On Trent, 2011)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:03
- Updated: 15 Dec 2012
Recorded at the Victoria Hall in Stoke On Trent on July 24th, 2011. Tuneage: "Back from Cali" is the second single and fourth track from Slash's self-titled 2010 solo album. It is one of the two songs on the album to feature Alter Bridge frontman Myles Kennedy on lead vocals. "Rocket Queen" is the closing song of American hard rock band Guns N' Roses' debut studio album Appetite for Destruction. 1987 Slash -- lead guitar Myles Kennedy -- lead vocals, Bobby Schneck -- rhythm guitar, backing vocals Todd Kerns -- bass, backing vocals Brent Fitz -- drums. Slash's latest solo album Apocalyptic Love comes out May 22. It's his first to feature his current touring band, which includes Winnipeg drummer Brent Fitz and Saskatchewan bassist Todd Kerns, formerly of Age of Electric. THIS WILL BE AWESOME! Slash: Featuring Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators Apocalyptic Love Tour Dates: 5/7 — Orlando, Fla.--Hard Rock Live 5/9 — Jacksonville, Fla. — Florida Theatre 5/10 — Biloxi, Miss. — Hard Rock Hotel & Casino -- Hard Rock Live 5/12 — Kansas City, Miss. — Liberty Memorial Park (Rockfest) 5/13 — Boone, Iowa — Central Iowa Expo (Lazerfest) 5/14 — Minneapolis, Minn. — The Brick 5/16 — Madison, Wisc. — Orpheum Theater 5/17 — Grand Rapids, Mich. --Orbit Room 5/19 — Columbus, Ohio — Crew Stadium (Rock On The Range) 5/20 — Camden, NJ — Susquehanna Bank Center (MMR*B*Q 2012) 5/22 — New York, NY — Irving Plaza (Album Release Show) 5/25 — Pryor, Okla. — Fever Music Festival Grounds (Rocklahoma) 5 ...
http://wn.com/SLASH_feat_Myles_Kennedy_Back_from_Cali_Rocket_Queen_Victoria_Hall_in_Stoke_On_Trent,_2011
Recorded at the Victoria Hall in Stoke On Trent on July 24th, 2011. Tuneage: "Back from Cali" is the second single and fourth track from Slash's self-titled 2010 solo album. It is one of the two songs on the album to feature Alter Bridge frontman Myles Kennedy on lead vocals. "Rocket Queen" is the closing song of American hard rock band Guns N' Roses' debut studio album Appetite for Destruction. 1987 Slash -- lead guitar Myles Kennedy -- lead vocals, Bobby Schneck -- rhythm guitar, backing vocals Todd Kerns -- bass, backing vocals Brent Fitz -- drums. Slash's latest solo album Apocalyptic Love comes out May 22. It's his first to feature his current touring band, which includes Winnipeg drummer Brent Fitz and Saskatchewan bassist Todd Kerns, formerly of Age of Electric. THIS WILL BE AWESOME! Slash: Featuring Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators Apocalyptic Love Tour Dates: 5/7 — Orlando, Fla.--Hard Rock Live 5/9 — Jacksonville, Fla. — Florida Theatre 5/10 — Biloxi, Miss. — Hard Rock Hotel & Casino -- Hard Rock Live 5/12 — Kansas City, Miss. — Liberty Memorial Park (Rockfest) 5/13 — Boone, Iowa — Central Iowa Expo (Lazerfest) 5/14 — Minneapolis, Minn. — The Brick 5/16 — Madison, Wisc. — Orpheum Theater 5/17 — Grand Rapids, Mich. --Orbit Room 5/19 — Columbus, Ohio — Crew Stadium (Rock On The Range) 5/20 — Camden, NJ — Susquehanna Bank Center (MMR*B*Q 2012) 5/22 — New York, NY — Irving Plaza (Album Release Show) 5/25 — Pryor, Okla. — Fever Music Festival Grounds (Rocklahoma) 5 ...
- published: 09 May 2012
- views: 3899
- author: 07smyle
Driving On The M6 Motorway From J15 Stoke-on-Trent To J16 Crewe, Cheshire East, England
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:02
- Updated: 21 Dec 2012
Driving at night on the M6 motorway from junction 15 (A500 Stoke-on-Trent Newcastle-under-Lyme) to junction 16 (A500 Nantwich Crewe), Cheshire East, England Videoed on Friday,10th February 2012 Playlist:www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Driving_On_The_M6_Motorway_From_J15_Stoke-on-Trent_To_J16_Crewe,_Cheshire_East,_England
Driving at night on the M6 motorway from junction 15 (A500 Stoke-on-Trent Newcastle-under-Lyme) to junction 16 (A500 Nantwich Crewe), Cheshire East, England Videoed on Friday,10th February 2012 Playlist:www.youtube.com
- published: 03 Mar 2012
- views: 2211
- author: Mike Fairman
Stoke On Trent Station Onboard
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:11
- Updated: 11 Feb 2012
This video was shot from a London Midland London to Crewe service and shows the train arriving and departing from Stoke On Trent Station. The platform you see is the Southbound one.
http://wn.com/Stoke_On_Trent_Station_Onboard
This video was shot from a London Midland London to Crewe service and shows the train arriving and departing from Stoke On Trent Station. The platform you see is the Southbound one.
- published: 25 Sep 2011
- views: 813
- author: g4shf
DJ Sasha @ Shelleys Laserdome Longton,Stoke on Trent,Feb 1991
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 76:58
- Updated: 11 Dec 2012
The Legendary Dj Sasha recorded live from Shelleys Laserdome Longton Stoke on Trent in February 1991
http://wn.com/DJ_Sasha_@_Shelleys_Laserdome_Longton,Stoke_on_Trent,Feb_1991
The Legendary Dj Sasha recorded live from Shelleys Laserdome Longton Stoke on Trent in February 1991
- published: 09 Nov 2011
- views: 8256
- author: chris72d
Trains At Stoke-On-Trent (7th November 2011)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:12
- Updated: 05 Jul 2012
Trains At Stoke-On-Trent features Virgin Trains, London Midland, East Midlands Trains Northern Rail and Cross Country Trains with the WCML's Rail Head Treatment Train worked by 66187 and 66124 Virgin Trains Class 390 Pendolinos arrive and depart working London Euston to Manchester Piccadilly services, London Midland Class 350 Desiros arrive and depart working London Euston to Crewe Via Northampton services, Northern Rail working Stoke-On-Trent To Manchester Piccadilly stopping services with Class 323, East Midlands Trains Class 153 DMUs working Crewe to Derby services and Cross Country Trains Class 220 or 221 arrive and depart with the Manchester Piccadilly to Bristol Temple Meads, The south West and Bournemouth Services, filmed 7th November 2011
http://wn.com/Trains_At_Stoke-On-Trent_7th_November_2011
Trains At Stoke-On-Trent features Virgin Trains, London Midland, East Midlands Trains Northern Rail and Cross Country Trains with the WCML's Rail Head Treatment Train worked by 66187 and 66124 Virgin Trains Class 390 Pendolinos arrive and depart working London Euston to Manchester Piccadilly services, London Midland Class 350 Desiros arrive and depart working London Euston to Crewe Via Northampton services, Northern Rail working Stoke-On-Trent To Manchester Piccadilly stopping services with Class 323, East Midlands Trains Class 153 DMUs working Crewe to Derby services and Cross Country Trains Class 220 or 221 arrive and depart with the Manchester Piccadilly to Bristol Temple Meads, The south West and Bournemouth Services, filmed 7th November 2011
- published: 01 Dec 2011
- views: 948
- author: Sim0nTrains
Stoke-On-Trent
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:18
- Updated: 02 Sep 2012
Stoke-On-Trent in Staffordshire is a city in the midlands - it is seen as not very nice place to live - although according to a recent BBC survey, it is the most close-nit community in the UK. These clips of Stoke attempt to make the city look better.
http://wn.com/Stoke-On-Trent
Stoke-On-Trent in Staffordshire is a city in the midlands - it is seen as not very nice place to live - although according to a recent BBC survey, it is the most close-nit community in the UK. These clips of Stoke attempt to make the city look better.
- published: 06 Dec 2008
- views: 11759
- author: su001915
Stoke on Trent Bikers Charity 32nd annual Toy Run 2009
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:11
- Updated: 08 May 2012
Stoke on Trent Bikers Charity 32nd annual Toy Run.. took place (Sunday 13th December). its all for charity. Here are some riders who supported the charity. All the run caught on video phone as it made it's way from Holden Bridge towards Hanley town centre.
http://wn.com/Stoke_on_Trent_Bikers_Charity_32nd_annual_Toy_Run_2009
Stoke on Trent Bikers Charity 32nd annual Toy Run.. took place (Sunday 13th December). its all for charity. Here are some riders who supported the charity. All the run caught on video phone as it made it's way from Holden Bridge towards Hanley town centre.
- published: 13 Dec 2009
- views: 3791
- author: advancedbiker
8. Discharge, Protest & Survive - Stoke On Trent '83
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:04
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
Title It
http://wn.com/8_Discharge,_Protest_Survive_Stoke_On_Trent_'83
photo: AP / Fahd al-Bakoush
20 Dec 2012
official said on Wednesday. The official, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said Eric Boswell, the assistant secretary for diplomatic security; one of his deputies, Charlene Lamb; and an unnamed official in the Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs were asked to step down because of the inquiry panel's report, which did not fault Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in connection with the attack....(size: 5.4Kb)
photo: AP / Carolyn Kaster
20 Dec 2012
Obama held a White House news conference on Wednesday to announce that Vice President Joe Biden will lead an interagency effort to craft new gun policies ... Biden and other cabinet members planned to meet with law enforcement leaders from across the country to discuss policy ideas on Thursday, a White House official said ... “I don’t think I’ve been on vacation,” he said ... The NRA is holding a press conference on Friday on the issue....(size: 6.1Kb)
photo: AP / Alfred de Montesquiou
21 Dec 2012
UNITED NATIONS -- The U.N. Security Council on Thursday authorized military action to wrest northern Mali from the control of al-Qaida-linked extremists, but it demanded progress first on political reconciliation, elections and training African troops and police ... Instead, it set out benchmarks to be met before the start of offensive operations, starting with progress on a political roadmap to restore constitutional order ... U.N ... On Nov ... ....(size: 3.1Kb)
photo: AP / Pablo Martinez Monsivais
19 Dec 2012
Obama also called an ardently pro-gun senator who has shifted his position on firearms laws since Friday's carnage in Connecticut and has begun meeting top cabinet officials to consider his options, his spokesman Jay Carney said ... Carney said that Obama is "actively supportive" of an effort by Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein to write a bill early next year to reintroduce a ban on assault weapons that expired in 2004....(size: 4.9Kb)
photo: AP / Mohammad Hannon
19 Dec 2012
US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has said she accepts the findings of an independent panel that faulted the State Department over the deadly September attack on the US mission in Benghazi, Libya. An inquiry into the attack on the US mission, which saw the US ambassador and three other US citizens killed, found that the State Department security arrangements there were "grossly inadequate" ... Featured on Al Jazeera....(size: 19.2Kb)
BBC News
15 Dec 2012
noodls
10 Dec 2012
The Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) is today issuing its findings from an investigation into the police response to Israr Ellahi, who died in Stoke-on-Trent following a violent incident in June 2010 ... At an inquest at Stoke Crown Court today a narrative verdict was recorded ... Investigators considered Staffordshire Police first aid training and force guidance on hate crime....(size: 3.6Kb)
BBC News
28 Nov 2012
Children's centres, residential care and support to get people into work in Stoke-on-Trent could all be affected as the city council looks to save £21m next year ... Some £56m has already been cut from Stoke-on-Trent City Council's budgets since the government's Comprehensive Spending Review in 2010, so making further cuts will be much more difficult....(size: 4.1Kb)
BBC News
13 Nov 2012
Stoke-on-Trent City Council's move from the town centre "will definitely kill Stoke", a councillor has said ... But independent councillor Randy Conteh said businesses in Stoke were "very, very concerned" about the loss of trade from council staff ... "My biggest concern about moving the civic offices and the staff to Hanley is the negative and detrimental effect that will have on Stoke town....(size: 2.3Kb)
BBC News
09 Nov 2012
Could a bid to set up a ceramics skills academy in Stoke-on-Trent encourage more young people to take up a career in pottery?. For centuries, Stoke-on-Trent was has been known as a ceramics heartland, with more than 2,000 bottle ovens and kilns firing millions of pottery products ... Mr Dudson said there was increasing interest in UK manufacturing which companies in Stoke-on-Trent were benefiting from....(size: 4.8Kb)
BBC News
09 Nov 2012
With local government facing huge funding reductions, David Nath spent a year filming Stoke-on-Trent City Council as it tried to implement cuts and collect £20m it was owed in unpaid tax ... Stoke-on-Trent council expects to cut £119m from the city over the next four years, but Mr van de Laarschot points out that even if it gets back all its outstanding council tax it will not solve all its problems....(size: 5.5Kb)
BBC News
01 Nov 2012
A man from Stoke-on-Trent has pleaded guilty to murdering a toddler in the city ... on 27 January....(size: 0.5Kb)
BBC News
29 Oct 2012
A 12-year-old boy has suffered serious facial injuries in a crash in Stoke-on-Trent in which six other people were also injured ... Meir Heath at about 21.20 GMT on Sunday....(size: 0.9Kb)
BBC News
21 Oct 2012
BBC News
16 Oct 2012
From the building of a new bus station to the laying of foundations for the £40m Central Business District, the look of Stoke-on-Trent city centre is rapidly changing ... "As I drive around I'm seeing cranes and building work and that's exactly the position I want to be in, to show people that we are in a rush to bring much needed houses and jobs to Stoke-on-Trent."....(size: 6.0Kb)
BBC News
10 Oct 2012
Yahoo Daily News
10 Oct 2012
Private Investigators Stoke on Trent have announced their services to help trace debtors that are costing the country millions of pounds. (PRWEB UK) 9 October 2012 Stoke-on-Trent City Council recently announced they would write off £7.5m in unpaid debts, but have now added that debts will be reinstated if the debtors can be traced ... A spokesperson from Private Investigators Stoke on Trent said. ... Private Investigators Stoke-on-Trent....(size: 8.1Kb)
Insurance Newsnet
05 Oct 2012
For other uses, see Stoke-on-Trent (disambiguation).
| Stoke-on-Trent | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — City and Unitary Authority area — | |||
| City of Stoke-on-Trent | |||
 |
|||
|
|||
| Nickname(s): "Stoke", "The Potteries", "the city of five towns" | |||
| Motto: Vis Unita Fortior (united strength is stronger) | |||
 |
|||
| Coordinates: 53°00′00″N 2°11′00″W / 53.00000°N 2.18333°W / 53.00000; -2.18333 | |||
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom | ||
| Constituent country | England | ||
| Region | West Midlands | ||
| Ceremonial county | Staffordshire | ||
| Admin HQ | Stoke-upon-Trent | ||
| Incorporated as the County Borough of Stoke-on-Trent | 1910 | ||
| Granted City Status | 1925[1] | ||
| Made Unitary Authority | 1997 | ||
| Named for | Component town Stoke-upon-Trent | ||
| Government[2][3][4] | |||
| • Type | Unitary authority | ||
| • Lord Mayor | Terry Follows | ||
| • Leader of the City Council | Mohammed Pervez | ||
| • Chief Executive | John van de Laarschot | ||
| • Council Control | Labour | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 35.81 sq mi (92.74 km2) | ||
| Highest elevation | 700 ft (200 m) | ||
| Lowest elevation | 350 ft (110 m) | ||
| Population (2001 Census, 2007 Population Estimates)[5][6] | |||
| • Total | 239,700 | ||
| • Density | 6,640/sq mi (2,565/km2) | ||
| • Ethnicity | 92.5% White 4.4% S.Asian 0.9% Black 1.3% Mixed Race |
||
| • Religion | 74.7% Christian 3.2% Muslim 0.8% Other 21.3% None/Not stated |
||
| Time zone | Greenwich Mean Time (UTC±0) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | British Summer Time (UTC+1) | ||
| Postcode | ST | ||
| Area code(s) | 01782 | ||
| Twin cities | |||
| • Erlangen[7] | Germany | ||
| Website | www.stoke.gov.uk | ||
Stoke-on-Trent ( pronunciation (help·info); often abbreviated to Stoke), also called The Potteries is a city in Staffordshire, England, which forms a linear conurbation stretching for 12 miles (19 km), with an area of 36 square miles (93 km2). Together with the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Stoke forms The Potteries Urban Area. This, together with the rural Staffordshire Moorlands area, forms North Staffordshire, which in 2001 had a population of 457,165.
The conurbation continues to be polycentric, having been formed by a federation of six separate towns and numerous villages in the early-20th century. The settlement from which the federated town (it was not a city until 1925) took its name was Stoke-upon-Trent, where the administration and chief mainline railway station were located. After the union, Hanley emerged as the primary commercial centre in the city, despite the efforts of its rival, Burslem. The three other component towns are Tunstall, Longton and Fenton.
Stoke-on-Trent is considered to be the home of the pottery industry in England and is commonly known as The Potteries. Formerly a primarily industrial conurbation, it is now a centre for service industries and distribution centres.
Contents |
History[link]
Toponymy[link]
The name Stoke is taken from the town of Stoke-upon-Trent, the original ancient parish, with other settlements being chapelries.[8] Stoke derives from the Old English stoc, a word that at first meant little more than place, but which subsequently gained more specific – but divergent – connotations. These variant meanings included dairy farm, secondary or dependent place or farm, summer pasture, crossing place, meeting place and place of worship. It is not known which of these was intended here, and all are feasible. The most frequently suggested interpretations derive from a crossing point on the Roman road that ran from present-day Derby to Chesterton or the early presence of a church, said to have been founded in 670 AD. Because Stoke was such a common name for a settlement, some kind of distinguishing affix was usually added later, in this case the name of the river.
The motto of Stoke-on-Trent is Vis Unita Fortior which can be translated as: United Strength is Stronger, or Strength United is the More Powerful, or A United Force is Stronger.[9]
Administration[link]
See also: Federation of Stoke-on-Trent
An early proposal for a federation took place in 1888, when an amendment was raised to the Local Government Bill which would have made the six towns into districts within a county of “Staffordshire Potteries”. It was not until 1 April 1910 that the “Six Towns” were brought together. The county borough of Hanley, the municipal boroughs of Burslem, Longton, and Stoke, together with the urban districts of Tunstall and Fenton now formed a single county borough of Stoke-on-Trent.[10] The combined borough took the name “town of Stoke”.
In 1919, the borough proposed to expand further and annexe the neighbouring borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme and the Wolstanton United Urban District, both to the west of Stoke. This never took place, due to strong objections from Newcastle Corporation.[11] A further attempt was made in 1930, with the promotion of the Stoke-on-Trent Extension Bill.[12] Ultimately, Wolstanton was added to Newcastle-under-Lyme instead in 1932. Although attempts to take Newcastle, Wolstanton and Kidsgrove (north of Tunstall) were never successful, the borough did expand in 1922, taking in Smallthorne Urban District and parts of other parishes from Stoke upon Trent Rural District. The borough was officially granted city status in 1925, with a Lord Mayor from 1928. When the county borough of Stoke-on-Trent initially applied for city status in 1925, citing its importance as the centre of the pottery industry, it was refused by the Home Office as it had less than 300,000 inhabitants. The decision was overturned, however, when a direct approach was made to King George V who agreed that the borough ought to be a city. The public announcement of the elevation to a city was made by the King during a visit to Stoke on 4 June 1925.[13]
The city's county borough status was abolished in 1974, and it became a non-metropolitan district of Staffordshire. Its status as a local government unitary authority was restored as Stoke-on-Trent City Council on 1 April 1997 whilst remaining part of the ceremonial county of Staffordshire. For Eurostat purposes, it is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG23).
Industry[link]
Pottery[link]
Since the 17th century, the area has been almost exclusively known for its industrial-scale pottery manufacturing.[14] Companies such as Royal Doulton, Dudson Ltd, Spode (founded by Josiah Spode), Wedgwood (founded by Josiah Wedgwood) and Minton (founded by Thomas Minton) were established and based there. The local abundance of coal and clay suitable for earthenware production led to the early (initially limited) development of the local pottery industry. The construction of the Trent and Mersey Canal enabled the import of china clay from Cornwall together with other materials and facilitated the production of creamware and bone china.
File:Dudson Ware.jpg
Colorado Boullions Regina and teapots, vitrified tableware by Dudson Brothers Ltd., as exhibited by artists in London's Pimlico Road, 2003
Other production centres in Britain, Europe and worldwide had a considerable lead in the production of high quality wares. Methodical and highly-detailed research and experimentation, carried out over many years, nurtured the development of artistic talent throughout the local community and raised the profile of Staffordshire Potteries. This was spearheaded by one man, Josiah Wedgwood, and later by other local potters such as Thomas Whieldon, along with scientists and engineers. With the industry came a large number of notable ceramic artists including Clarice Cliff, Susie Cooper, Charlotte Rhead, Frederick Hurten Rhead and Jabez Vodrey.
Coal mining[link]
North Staffordshire was a centre for coal mining. The first reports of coal mining in the area come from the 13th century.[15] The Potteries Coalfield (part of the North Staffordshire Coalfield) covers 100 square miles (300 km2).[15]
Striking coal miners in the Hanley and Longton area ignited the nationwide 1842 General Strike and its associated Pottery Riots.[16]
When coal mining was nationalised in 1947, about 20,000 men worked in the industry in Stoke on Trent. Notable Collieries included Hanley Deep Pit, Trentham Superpit (formerly Hem Heath and Florence Collieries), Fenton Glebe, Silverdale, Victoria, Chatterley Whitfield and Wolstanton.[15] The industry developed greatly, and new investments in mining projects were planned within the City boundaries as recently as the 1990s.[17] However, 1994 saw the last pit to close as the Trentham Superpit was shut.[18]
The Stoke mining industry set several national and international records. Wolstanton Colliery, when modernised, had the deepest mining shafts in Europe at 3,197 ft.[19] In 1933, Chatterley Whitfield Colliery became the first Colliery in the country to mine one million tons of coal. In the 1980s Florence Colliery in Longton repeatedly set regional and national production records; in 1992 the combined Trentham Superpit (Hem Heath and Florence) was the first mine in Europe to produce 2.5 million saleable tonnes of coal.
Today the mines are all closed, though the scars of mining still remain on the landscape. Slag heaps are still visible on the skyline, now covered with flora and fauna. The Chatterly Whitfield site reopened as a museum two years after its closure in 1976. The museum closed in 1991 and the site became a local nature reserve. It was declared a Scheduled Ancient Monument by English Heritage in 1993.[20][21] The abandoned subterranean mines are inaccessible, though they still add complications to many building projects and occasionally cause minor tremors, detectable only by specialised equipment.[22]
The Phoenix Trust, an independent not-for-profit foundation, is campaigning to turn Stoke-on-Trent and the wider North Staffordshire Coalfield into a World Heritage Site due to its historic economic significance, its leading role in the industrial revolution, and as the birthplace of Primitive Methodism.[23]
Steel[link]
The iron and steel industries occupied important roles in the development of the city, both before and after federation. Especially notable were those mills located in the valley at Goldendale and Shelton below the hill towns of Tunstall, Burslem and Hanley. Shelton Steelworks' production of steel ended in 1978—instead of producing crude steel, they concentrated on rolling steel billet which was transported from Scunthorpe by rail. The rolling plant finally closed in 2002.[24] From 1864 to 1927 Stoke housed the repair shops of the North Staffordshire Railway[25] and was the home of independent railway locomotive manufacturers Kerr Stuart & Co. Ltd. from 1881 to 1930.[26]
Shelton Steel Works and the mining operations were heavily involved in the World War II industrial effort. Central to the RAF's success was the Supermarine Spitfire designed by Reginald Mitchell who, whilst born at 115 Congleton Road in the nearby village of Butt Lane, had his apprenticeship at Kerr Stuart & Co. Ltd's railway works.[27]
Other[link]
The Michelin tyre company also has a presence in Stoke-on-Trent, and in the 1920s built their first UK plant in the city. In the 1980s nearly 9,000 workers were employed at the plant; in the early 2010s about 1,200 worked there.[citation needed]
Geography[link]
Stoke-on-Trent is situated about half-way between Manchester and Birmingham[28] and adjoins the town and borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme, which is administered separately and is situated to the west. To the east is the Peak District, which includes part of the Staffordshire Moorlands District, as well as parts of Derbyshire, Greater Manchester and West and South Yorkshire.
For Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG23) and is one of four counties or unitary districts that compose the "Shropshire and Staffordshire" NUTS 2 region.
Stoke-on-Trent is often known as "the city of five towns", because of the name given to it by local novelist Arnold Bennett. In his novels, Bennett used mostly recognisable aliases for five of the six towns (although he called Stoke "Knype"). However, Bennett said that he believed "Five Towns" was more euphonious than "Six Towns", so he omitted Fenton (now sometimes referred to as "the forgotten town").
As it is a city made up of multiple towns, the city forms a conurbation (although in this case the conurbation is bigger than Stoke itself, because the urban area of Stoke is now continuous with that of administratively-separate Newcastle).
The six towns run in a rough line from north to south along the A50 road – Tunstall, Burslem, Hanley, Stoke, Fenton and Longton. Although the city is named after the original town of Stoke, and the City Council offices are located there, the city centre is usually regarded as being in Hanley, which had earlier developed into a major commercial centre.
Suburbs[link]
As well as the Six Towns, there are numerous suburbs including Abbey Hulton, Adderley Green, Baddeley Green, Bentilee, Birches Head, Blurton, Bucknall, Bradeley, Chell, Cliffe Vale, Etruria, Fegg Hayes, Hartshill, Heron Cross, Meir, Meir Park, Meir Hay, Middleport, Milton, Norton le Moors, Penkhull, Shelton, Smallthorne, Sneyd Green, Trentham, Trent Vale and Weston Coyney.
Climate[link]
Stoke-on-Trent, as with all of the United Kingdom, experiences a temperate maritime climate, lacking in weather extremes. The local area is relatively elevated, resulting in cooler temperatures year round compared to the nearby Cheshire plain; although on calm, clear nights this is often reversed as cold air drainage causes a temperature inversion to occur. As such, the Stoke-on-Trent and Newcastle area are generally not susceptible to severe frosts. The nearest Met Office weather station is Keele University, about four miles west of the city centre.
The absolute high temperature is 32.9 °C (91.2 °F),[29] recorded in August 1990, although more typically the average warmest day of the year should be 27.0 °C (80.6 °F).[30] In total, just under six days should report a temperature of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) or above.[31]
The absolute minimum temperature stands at -13.3 °C (8.1 °F),[32] recorded during January 1963. In an average year, a total of 48.3 air frosts will be registered.
Rainfall averages around 785 mm a year,[33] with 1 mm or more falling on just over 139 days.[34] All averages refer to the 1971–2000 observation period.
| Climate data for Keele, elevation 179m, 1971–2000, extremes 1960– | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.3 (55.9) |
15.4 (59.7) |
20.6 (69.1) |
23.7 (74.7) |
25.9 (78.6) |
30.0 (86.0) |
31.3 (88.3) |
32.9 (91.2) |
26.2 (79.2) |
21.8 (71.2) |
17.3 (63.1) |
14.4 (57.9) |
32.9 (91.2) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 5.7 (42.3) |
6.1 (43.0) |
8.6 (47.5) |
11.2 (52.2) |
14.8 (58.6) |
17.1 (62.8) |
19.7 (67.5) |
19.4 (66.9) |
16.3 (61.3) |
12.5 (54.5) |
8.5 (47.3) |
6.5 (43.7) |
12.20 (53.96) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 0.6 (33.1) |
0.6 (33.1) |
2.2 (36.0) |
3.6 (38.5) |
6.4 (43.5) |
9.1 (48.4) |
11.4 (52.5) |
11.3 (52.3) |
9.2 (48.6) |
6.4 (43.5) |
3.1 (37.6) |
1.4 (34.5) |
5.44 (41.80) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −13.3 (8.1) |
−10 (14) |
−9.4 (15.1) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
1.4 (34.5) |
5.2 (41.4) |
4.6 (40.3) |
1.1 (34.0) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
−7 (19) |
−12.5 (9.5) |
−13.3 (8.1) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 74.06 (2.9157) |
51.81 (2.0398) |
62.65 (2.4665) |
55.58 (2.1882) |
60.79 (2.3933) |
69.77 (2.7469) |
54.66 (2.152) |
70.94 (2.7929) |
68.59 (2.7004) |
77.39 (3.0469) |
78.04 (3.0724) |
77.46 (3.0496) |
783.3 (30.839) |
| Source: KNMI[35] | |||||||||||||
Demographics[link]
Based on the 2001 census, the total population of the city is 240,636 in 103,196 households.[36] This was a decline of 3.5% since 1991.[37] 51.3% of the population is female.[38] 96.3% of the population of Stoke-on-Trent were born in the UK.[39] 94.8% of the population identified themselves as white, 2.6% as Asian British Pakistani, 0.5% Asian British Indian and 0.3% as Black Afro Caribbean.[39] Regarding religion, 74.7% described themselves as Christian, 3.2% Muslim and 13.4% had no religion.[39] In the same census, 19.9% were identified as under 15; 21.0% were over 60. The average age of residents was 38½.[38] A total of 24.2% of non-pensioner households were recorded as having no working adults.[40]
Main sights[link]
File:Potteries museum & art gallery.JPG
Potteries Museum & Art Gallery.
The city's world-class ceramics collection is housed in the Potteries Museum & Art Gallery in Hanley. Etruria Industrial Museum on the Caldon Canal, and Gladstone Pottery Museum in a former potbank in Longton are dedicated to the city's industrial heritage. Ceramica in Burslem used to be an interactive ceramics museum, but it closed in 2011 due to council funding cuts.
Most of the major pottery companies based in Stoke-on-Trent have factory shops and visitor centres. The £10-million Wedgwood Museum visitor centre opened in the firm's factory in Barlaston in October 2008. The Dudson Centre in Hanley is a museum of the family ceramics business that's partly housed in a Grade II listed bottle kiln. It is also a volunteer centre. Burleigh in Middleport is the world's oldest working Victorian pottery. There are also smaller factory shops, such as Royal Stafford in Burslem, Moorcroft in Cobridge and Emma Bridgewater in Hanley. And there are ambitious plans to open the huge Chatterley Whitfield Colliery as a mining museum, since it has been given Ancient Monument status.
The Elizabethan Ford Green Hall is a 17th Century farmhouse which is now a historic house museum in Smallthorne.
Many local people consider Trentham Gardens to be in Stoke-on-Trent but it is actually in the Borough of Stafford. It is just south of the city and a £100 million refurbishment was completed in 2005. Next door is Trentham Monkey Forest, which houses 140 Barbary Macaques in a 60-acre (240,000 m2) enclosure that visitors can walk through.
The Alton Towers Resort is 10 miles (16 km) east of Stoke-on-Trent and is one of the United Kingdom's best known attractions. The Waterworld indoor swimming complex on Festival Park near Hanley is also a significant children's attraction.
Each of the six towns in Stoke-on-Trent has at least one park. At nine hectares, Burslem Park is one of the largest registered Victorian parks in the UK.[41] Park Hall Country Park in Weston Coyney is a National Nature Reserve, and its sandstone canyons are a Site of Special Scientific Interest.[42] Hartshill Park in Stoke is also a nature reserve, and Bucknall Park is home to the City Farm. Westport Lake in Longport is the largest body of water in Stoke-on-Trent[43] and has a nature reserve.
Economy[link]
North Staffordshire is a world centre for fine ceramics—a skilled design trade has existed in the area since at least the 12th century. But in the late 1980s and 1990s Stoke-on-Trent was hit hard by the general decline in the British manufacturing sector. Numerous factories, steelworks, collieries, and potteries were closed, including the renowned Shelton Bar steelworks. This resulted in a sharp rise in unemployment in the 'high-skilled but low-paid' workforce. However, by 2004 the unemployment rate had recovered to almost the same as in the wider West Midlands.
The pottery firm Wedgwood and its subsidiary Royal Doulton are based in nearby Barlaston, although much production now takes place in the firm's Indonesian factory. Portmeirion is based in Stoke town, and now owns the Spode and Royal Worcester ceramics brands. Ceramics firm Emma Bridgewater is based in Hanley; Burleigh Pottery is in Middleport; Wade Ceramics is in Etruria; Moorcroft and Royal Stafford are based in Burslem; Aynsley China is in Longton, and is one of the last remaining manufacturers of bone china in the city. Fine china manufacturer Dudson have premises in Hanley and Burslem. Churchill China have their main factory in Tunstall, while hotelware manufacturer Steelite is based in Middleport.
About 9,000 firms are based in the city. Amongst the more notable are bet365,[44] founded by local businessman and Stoke City chairman Peter Coates;[45] and Phones4U, a large retailer of mobile phones started by John Caudwell.[46]
The Michelin tyre company has a complex in the city which houses its commercial head office, training centre and a truck tyre re-treading facility. Sainsbury's supermarket and The Co-operative Pharmacy have large warehouses in the city. Vodafone has a large call centre on Festival Park and the UK subsidisary of the lubricant manufacturer Fuchs Petrolub has its head office at its factory in Hanley. There is a steel foundry owned by Goodwin Steel Castings Ltd in Joiner's Square. Premier Foods make Mr Kipling slices and Cherry Bakewells in Trent Vale. The Co-operative Travel had its head office in Burslem, before it merged with Thomas Cook in 2010.
Stoke-on-Trent City Council is the city's largest single employer.[47] Another major employer is the University Hospital of North Staffordshire, with over 7,000 staff.[48]
KPMG's Competitive Alternatives 2004 report declared Stoke-on-Trent to be the most cost-effective place to set up a new UK business.[49] The city currently has the advantage of offering affordable business property, while being surrounded by a belt of affluent areas such as The Peak District, Stone, south Cheshire, and having excellent road links via the A500 and nearby M6 and rail links.
Tourism to the city was kick-started by the National Garden Festival in 1986, and is now sustained by the many pottery factory-shops and tours, and by the improved canal network.
The main shopping centre is the Potteries Shopping Centre in Hanley, which has 561,000 sq ft (52,100 m2) of retail space with 87 units including a Debenhams anchor store, (formerly Lewis's) and major stores for Next, New Look, Monsoon, Gap, HMV, River Island, H. Samuel, La Senza, Disney Store and Primark. Marks & Spencer, BHS and T.K. Maxx have stores in Hanley. A new shopping centre on the site of Hanley's current bus station is due to open in 2015.[50] The other five towns of the city all have their own smaller town centres. Festival Park is a large retail and business park in Etruria, built on the former Garden Festival site. There are also retail parks in Tunstall, Fenton and Longton. A new retail park is being built in Longton.[51]
Other notable business people from the city include Reginald H. Jones (Chairman of General Electric), venture capitalist Jon Moulton, and John Madejski (chairman of Reading F.C. and former owner of Auto Trader).[52]
Night-time industry has boomed in recent years, with Hanley becoming increasingly popular for its nightclubs, theatres, pubs, bars and restaurants.
Government[link]
The city is covered by three House of Commons constituencies: Stoke-on-Trent North, Stoke-on-Trent Central and Stoke-on-Trent South.[53] All three have returned Labour MPs without interruption since their creation in 1950. The city is within the West Midlands European Parliament constituency.
Mayoral system[link]
The city was only one of twelve English districts with elected mayors to use the mayor and council manager system rather than the mayor and cabinet system,[54] although it was removed following a local referendum on 23 October 2008.
A local referendum approved a directly elected mayor system on 3 May 2002 by 28,601 votes to 20,578 (turnout of 27.8%).[55]
Mike Wolfe, an independent candidate, became the first directly elected mayor after an election on 17 October 2002, narrowly beating Labour Party candidate George Stevenson by just 300 votes.[56] The elected Mayor from 5 May 2005 to 5 June 2009 was Mark Meredith (Labour Party).[57] The 2005 election was notable because about 10% of the ballot papers were either spoiled or ineligible.[58] Meredith's election platform included a pledge to have another referendum on the post of elected mayor.[59] This was scheduled for May 2007 and passed in favour of retaining the current political system.
On 23 October 2008, voters returned to the polls to choose between modifying the system (to Mayor and Cabinet) or abolishing the position of elected Mayor. Votes were 21,231 for abolition and 14,592 for modification on a turnout of 19.23%.[60]
Leader and Cabinet system[link]
Following a city-wide referendum abolishing the position of elected mayor, a Leader and Cabinet system was adopted on 5 June 2009. The Leader of the Council is elected by councillors. Each cabinet member makes the decisions on their portfolio area and explains the decisions at the monthly cabinet meetings.[61]
The current Leader of the Council is Cllr Mohammed Pervez who is also leader of the City's Labour Group, the majority group on the council.
Lord Mayor[link]
The position of Lord Mayor is largely ceremonial. The title of Lord Mayor was first conferred on the City of Stoke-on-Trent by King George V on 10 July 1928. The role of Lord Mayor is decided upon by a vote amongst the elected councillors; the candidates are also selected from the councillors. The current Lord Mayor is Councillor Terry Follows.[dated info][62]
Council[link]
In May 2011 the electoral map of the city changed. From a council of 60 members representing 20 wards with three councillors each, the size of the council was reduced to 44 councillors representing 37 wards (31 single member wards, five two-member wards and one three-member ward).[63] The change followed a 2008 report by the Stoke-on-Trent Governance Commission to the Secretary of State for Local Government that was highly crtitical of the political system then in use in the city.[64][65]
The political composition of Stoke-on-Trent city council as of 2011 is as follows:
| Party | Councillors[63] |
|---|---|
| Labour | 34 |
| Independent | 7 |
| Conservative | 2 |
| Unaffiliated | 1 |
Public services[link]
The city's acute hospital is the University Hospital of North Staffordshire. It comprises two sites: the Royal Infirmary and the City General. The hospital is being re-built on the City General site which is located on London Road, the A34.
The city's primary care trust, NHS Stoke-on-Trent, manages Haywood Hospital in Burslem (which prodives intermediate care), and Longton Cottage Hospital (which provides inpatient and outpatient clinics). North Staffordshire Combined Healthcare is the trust providing mental health services locally, based at Harplands Hospital in Penkhull and Bucknall Hospital.
Policing in Stoke-on-Trent is provided by Staffordshire Police, which has police stations in Hanley, Bucknall, Burslem, Longton, Stoke and Tunstall. Stoke-on-Trent Crown Court and County Court share a building in Hanley. There is a Magistrates' Court in Fenton.
Statutory emergency fire and rescue service is provided by the Staffordshire Fire and Rescue Service, which has fire stations in Hanley, Longton, Burslem and Sandyford.
Severn Trent manages Stoke-on-Trent's drinking and waste water.
The city's main library is the City Central Library in Hanley, which is also home to the city's archives. The city council operates eight smaller libraries throughout the city. The council also operates sixteen children's centres, nine local service centres and five “one stop shops” for council services.
Religion[link]
File:Bourneh.jpg
Hugh Bourne, founder of Primitive Methodism
Stoke-on-Trent does not have a cathedral, but the city's main civic church is Stoke Minster.
Primitive Methodism was founded by Hugh Bourne, a native of Stoke-on-Trent, at a public gathering in the nearby village of Mow Cop. He originally followed the Wesleyan form of Methodism but in 1801 he reformed the Methodist service by conducting it outside. He founded the first chapel in Tunstall with his brother in 1811.[66] He promoted Sunday schools as a method of improving children's education, advocated the equal treatment of women and men, and was involved in the temperance movement. It was from the Primitive Methodists that many early trade unions found their early leaders.[67] Also of note is John Lightfoot, a 17th century churchman and rabbinical scholar.
The city's first purpose-built mosque is due to be completed in 2012.[68] The city's only synagogue closed in 2006, and was replaced with a smaller one in nearby Newcastle-under-Lyme.[69]
Transport[link]
Major roads[link]
Stoke-on-Trent is linked to the nearby M6 motorway at junctions 15 and 16 by the A500. Locally the A500 is known as the D road,[70] as its loop between the two motorway junctions, along with the straight section of the M6 between the junctions, resembles the shape of a capital letter D. Additionally, the number 500 expressed in Roman numerals is D. The A50 cuts through the city, providing an east-west link between the M6 and M1 motorways. Improvements to the road network have led to the construction of product distribution centres in the area.[71]
Rail[link]
Stoke-on-Trent railway station is a mainline station on the Stafford-Manchester Line (part of the West Coast Main Line between Manchester and London) and the Crewe-Derby Line. Virgin Pendolino train 390029 is named after Stoke-on-Trent. Other railway stations in the city include Longport and Longton. Etruria station was closed in September 2005.
Bus[link]
Local public transportation is provided almost exclusively by bus. Bus services are mainly operated by Potteries Motor Traction, now owned by FirstGroup under the name First Potteries. There are also several smaller companies operating bus services in the city. There are central bus stations in Hanley and Longton. National Express operate long distance coach services from Hanley Bus Station. As part of the city's regeneration, a new bus station is being built in Hanley, allowing the current one to be demolished, making room for further redevelopment. In 2011, new low cost coach operator Gorilla Bus started serving Hanley, giving new direct services to Liverpool, Manchester Airport, Knutsford and East Midlands Airport.[72]
Canals[link]
File:Stoke on trent canals.jpg
Canal on New Leek Road.
The city is served by the Trent and Mersey Canal, which sees traffic of some 10,000 boats a year. Additionally, the Caldon Canal branches off from the Trent and Mersey Canal at Etruria, within the city boundaries, going to Froghall with one branch going to Leek. Numerous improvements to the canal system have recently been made.[timeframe?]
Cycling[link]
As of November 2009 there are 77 miles (124 km) of new National Cycle Network off-road bicycle paths through the city,[citation needed] connecting to the national long-distance paths which were completed in 2005. Together with those in Newcastle-under-Lyme, there are now over 100 miles (160 km) of cycle paths in the urban conurbation.[citation needed] A further £10-million of funding has now been secured for the city's cycling network, to be spent in 2009–2011 through Cycling England's support for Stoke as a Cycling City.[73]
Education[link]
Higher education[link]
There are four higher education institutions in the local area, the two further education colleges being City of Stoke-on-Trent Sixth Form College and Stoke-on-Trent College. Formerly of Fenton, now located in a newly built structure on Leek Road, the Sixth Form college provides A-level teaching for around 1,800 students. Stoke-on-Trent College is much larger and less specialised, offering apprenticeships and adult education, and has a main campus (Cauldon Campus) in Shelton, and a secondary campus in Burslem.
The city is also home to Staffordshire University (formerly North Staffordshire Polytechnic), with its main site in Shelton, near Stoke-on-Trent railway station. It gained its university status in 1992 as one of the post-1992 universities. Keele University School of Medicine uses facilities at the University Hospital of North Staffordshire in Hartshill. Keele University itself was founded as the University College of North Staffordshire in 1949 with major involvement by Stoke-on-Trent City Council, and is located in the nearby village of Keele.
Secondary education[link]
See also: List of schools in Stoke-on-Trent
The city currently has fourteen secondary schools: Birches Head High, the Discovery Academy (with sites in Penkhull and Longton), Haywood High, Holden Lane High, Ormiston Horizon Academy, Ormiston Sir Stanley Matthews Academy, Sandon High, St Peter's Academy (with sites in Penkhull and Bucknall), St. Joseph's College, St. Margaret Ward Catholic College, St. Thomas More Catholic College, the Co-operative Academy, Thistley Hough High and Trentham High.
A major re-structure of Stoke-on-Trent's high school system was proposed in 2007.[74] As part of these plans several established secondary schools closed or merged including Longton High School (closed 2010),[75] Mitchell High and Edensor High (merged to form The Discovery Academy),[76] St. Peter's CE High School and Berry Hill High (merged to form St Peter's Academy).[77]
Potters' Holidays[link]
One of the legacies of the pottery industry was Stoke's own version of the Wakes week. Although better known in industrial Lancashire, the Stoke week is known locally as the Potters' Holidays[78] or Potters' Fortnight and occurred the last week in June, the first week in July and another week in August. This gave what appeared to be strange school holidays—with the summer term having a two-week break at the end of June, then children returning to school for three weeks before taking a five-week summer holiday. This observance has disappeared from the local schools, due to decreased emphasis on traditional industries.
Sport[link]
Football[link]
Stoke-on-Trent is home to two professional Football League teams, and is one of the smaller cities in England that boasts two league clubs. The club bearing the area's name is Stoke City, who were formed in 1863 and are the second-oldest professional football club in England. They currently play at the Britannia Stadium in Trentham, which has been their home since 1997 when they relocated from the Victoria Ground in Stoke after 119 years. They were among the twelve founding members of the Football League in 1888, but did not win their first (and, to date, only) major trophy until 1972, when they lifted the Football League Cup. In 1985, they were relegated from the First Division and began a 23-year exile from the top flight of English football which did not end until they won promotion in 2008, by which time the First Division had become the Premier League. Stoke City reached the final of the F.A. Cup for the first time in 2011 but were defeated by Manchester City. Arguably the club's most famous player of all time was Stanley Matthews, who is perhaps the best known sportsperson from the city. He played football for Stoke City and Blackpool where he played in what became known as the Matthews Final. He also managed Port Vale from 1965 to 1968. He was the first active footballer to receive a Knighthood. The "wizard of dribble", as he became known, made 54 appearances for his country, scoring 11 times. There are two statues of Matthews in the city: one in Hanley, and one at the Britannia Stadium.
The city's other professional football club are Port Vale, who were formed in 1876 and play at Vale Park in the Burslem area. Previous stadiums include the Athletic Ground in Cobridge (1886–1913), and The Old Recreation Ground in Hanley (1913–1950). They joined the Football League in 1892 but were forced to resign in 1907 due to financial problems, only to return in 1919. Their highest league position came in 1931 when they finished fifth in the Football League Second Division. Unlike Stoke City, their local rivals in the Potteries derby, they have never played top division football. They currently play in League Two (fourth tier). Individuals of note include John Rudge (who managed the club for 16 years from 1983–1999), and Roy Sproson (who made a record 837 appearances for the club from 1950 until 1972, and was later their manager).
In the past there existed Dresden United, a club which was disestablished before the city was federated; amateur clubs Meir KA and Eastwood Hanley operated between 1972–2010, and 1946–1997 respectively. Smallthorne based Norton United still compete in the North West Counties Football League, as do Hanley Town in the Staffordshire County Senior League.
Other sports teams[link]
The city speedway team are the Stoke Potters. Speedway was staged at the Greyhound Stadium in Sun Street, Hanley intermittently between 1929 and 1939. In 1947 the Potters were part of the post war boom rising from Division Three of the National League to Division Two before closing in the early-1950s. The Potters were revived in 1960 and they raced in the Provincial League until the end of 1963 when the stadium was closed and the site redeveloped. Speedway was revived at Loomer Road in Newcastle-under-Lyme, initially as Chesterton, before it reverted to the Stoke name. For many years the Potters raced in the Premier League, the sports second division but as of November 2010 have dropped a division and in 2011 will race in the National League.
The ski race team based at the artificial ski slope in Festival Park compete in national Snowsport England and international FIS Fédération Internationale de Ski events.
The city has a number of amateur sports clubs, including rugby union and cricket, the latter competing in the North Staffs and South Cheshire Cricket League. The cricket ground in Longton is one of the venues used by Staffordshire County Cricket Club. As well as the Longton club, Meir Heath Cricket Club are also active, though the County Ground and the Michelin Ground are no longer used for cricket.
Stoke Spitfires was the name of the city's American football team. The team eventually folded in 1992 after a record of 35-34-1. In 1994 the Staffordshire Surge was formed and played their matches in and around Stoke-on-Trent. Currently the team play at Longton Rugby Club in Division One North of the British American Football League.
Individual sports persons[link]
The city has a sporting Hall of Fame, opened in 2011 to honour sporting legends from the city. As of March 2011, it holds four names. Stanley Matthews and Phil Taylor, legends of football and darts respectively, were the first names to be inducted into the Hall of Fame.[81] They were quickly followed by Port Vale legend Roy Sproson, and England's World Cup winning goalkeeper Gordon Banks (who spent five years with Stoke City).[82]
Phil Taylor has won the World Championship a record 15 times, winning the championship in both the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) and British Darts Organisation (BDO). Current double PDC World Champion Adrian Lewis and two-time BDO World Champion Ted Hankey are also from the Stoke area. Other well-known players from or based in Stoke include Chris Mason and Andy Hamilton.
World champion squash player, Great Britain and England international Angela Smith, was born in the city and was largely responsible for the ladies' game going open. She is regarded as one the most famous players of British squash.[83] Wicket-keeper Bob Taylor, who played for Derbyshire and England was born and still lives in the area. He represented England 58 times and still holds the world record for the most number of dismissals in the first class game (1649). In golf, Trenthams' David Lynn, the golfer, (born 1973) was the KLM Open Champion of 2004.[84]
Other notable sports people from the area include footballers turned BBC pundits Mark Bright and Garth Crooks; tennis player Andrew Foster; snooker players Dave Harold and Jamie Cope; field hockey player Imran Sherwani; cycling world-record holder Tommy Godwin and wrestler Peter Thornley (better known as Kendo Nagasaki).
Culture and arts[link]
Visual Art[link]
The major art gallery is The Potteries Museum & Art Gallery, located in Hanley. It contains a collection of fine ceramics, a rotating programme of exhibitions and a permanent collection. In 2010, it became one of the permanent homes of the Staffordshire Hoard, the most important collection of Anglo-Saxon gold yet found.
The city's Cultural Quarter in Hanley contains the Potteries Museum & Art Gallery, the Regent Theatre and the Victoria Hall. There are also smaller elements, including the independent Dazed Gallery[85] and the subsidised student-run gallery AirSpace.[86] The Artbay Gallery in Fenton[87] has a contemporary range of original works as well as limited editions. It is also the home of many of North Staffordshire's most renowned painters, including "The Potteries Lowry" aka Sid Kirkham, Vicky Mount, Dale Bowen, Kelvin Evans and Harry Davies.
Edwardian School of Art in Burslem has been refurbished with £1.2 million, and is now run without a public subsidy. The Hothouse Centre for Ceramic Design, and the Roslyn Works complex of craft studios operate in Longton. Also based in Burslem is the Barewall Gallery,[88] which has a large collection of work by local artists including mixed media artists Rachel Grant and Nicholas Hudson Paine; painters Paine Proffitt, Rob Pointon, Ivan Taylor, David Brammeld, Saw Law Webb; and in ceramics, fine artist Philip Hardaker and local potters Hannah Belfield and Kevin Millward and Alex Shimwell.
Stoke-on-Trent is the birthplace of several artists including Arthur Berry (also a novelist, playwright & poet), Arnold Machin (sculptor, coin & stamp designer) and Sidney Tushingham, A.R.E.
Theatre[link]
The city's main theatre is the 1,603-person capacity Regent Theatre, which is in Hanley. Nearby is the main concert hall, the Victoria Hall. The purpose-built theatre-in-the-round New Vic Theatre is just outside the city's boundary in Newcastle-under-Lyme. The Victorian Kings Hall in Stoke town hall is used for smaller events. In Burslem, the Queens Theatre has been refurbished and restored at private expense. The Stoke-on-Trent Repertory Theatre is based in Stoke and puts on amateur productions. The previously city council-run Mitchell Memorial Theatre, based in Hanley, completed its £4.3m refurbishment in 2011 and is now known as the Mitchell Arts Centre. It is named in honour of one of the city's most famous sons, Reginald Mitchell, designer of the legendary World War II fighter plane, the Spitfire.
Cinema[link]
There is an Odeon multiplex cinema on Festival Park. The independent volunteer-run art-house cinema, The Stoke-on-Trent Film Theatre, is located very near the railway station, and shows art-house and subtitled films, as well as films that have finished their run in larger cinemas.[89]
Literature[link]
Through the works of Arnold Bennett, described by some as the greatest realist writer of the 20th century,[90] the “Six Towns” were sometimes known as the “Five Towns”.[91] In his novels, Bennett wrote about local events in the 19th century[92] and consistently changed all proper names and associations, thus Hanley became Hanbridge and Burslem became Bursley.[93][94][95] It is thought that Bennett chose to write about five towns, rather than six, because he refused to acknowledge Fenton as a proper town.[citation needed] The “Six Towns” were not federated until 1910 when Fenton was still relatively new; it was also the smallest in terms of population and area. Bennett also changed the name of the local newspaper from The Sentinel to The Signal, an identity that was subsequently adopted by the city's commercial radio station.[96]
Other notable contributors to literature include Elijah Fenton (poet), Peter Whelan (playwright), John Wain (poet, critic and scholar), Pauline Stainer (poet) and Charles Tomlinson (poet, graphic artist, translator, editor and critic).
Media[link]
The city's main daily newspaper is The Sentinel, based in Etruria. BBC Radio Stoke was launched in 1968, the third BBC local radio station to begin broadcasting. Local commercial radio stations include the Signal 1 and Signal 2 along with a Christian community radio station called Cross Rhythms City Radio. Max FM broadcast nationally from Stoke-on-Trent. Community Radio Station 6 Towns Radio is based in Burslem, having been formed in 2010. The United Christian Broadcasters UK headquarters and broadcasting centre for national TV and radio programming is also based in Stoke-on-Trent, with sites in Hanchurch and Hanley.
Television news is covered by Birmingham-based BBC Midlands Today, and ITV Central. Stoke-on-Trent is to be part in the second wave of UK cities after 2012 to get its own local TV Station. Startup costs will be shared with the BBC but the station is expected to pay its own way with advertising.[97][98]
The city enjoys a considerable on-line presence. The Pits n Pots website was launched in October 2008 as a site to discuss local news. Tunstall and Burslem are served by the MyTunstall website. The wider potteries area is served by The Potteries website, which includes a number of articles and historical materials. These sites are in addition to the council, tourism board, local museum websites and those dedicated to different communities across the city.
Famous entertainers[link]
Stoke has been the birthplace of many actors, including Hugh Dancy who has been in Black Hawk Down,[99] Freddie Jones,[100] Alan Lake (widower of Diana Dors),[101] Adrian Rawlins,[102] Hanley Stafford (American radio actor, born Alfred John Austin in Hanley), Jonathan Wilkes[103] and Neil Morrissey, star of Men Behaving Badly.[104] Hollyoaks actress Rachel Shenton is also from the area.[105]
Several nationally recognised TV presenters have been born in the area including Frank Bough, who presented Nationwide and Breakfast Time; Anthea Turner from Blue Peter; and Nick Hancock, who chaired the comedy quiz show They Think It's All Over and was host on Room 101.[106] Bruno Brookes, the former BBC Radio 1 disc jockey, hosted the station's breakfast show and presented Top of the Pops.[107] Master illusionist Andrew Van Buren was born in the area and is still based there, although he is more often found performing out of the country.[108] Vocalist Carl De Marco was born in the area, and also studied at Stoke-On-Trent City Performing Arts College Burslem.
Music[link]
Stoke has a vibrant music scene. The Golden Torch, a local nightclub, became the centre of the Northern soul scene in the early 1970s.[109] Shelley's Laserdome nightclub in Longton played a pivotal role in the house and rave scene of the late 1980s and early 1990s, helping launch the career of Sasha and featuring regular appearances from Carl Cox, until it was eventually shut down by Staffordshire Police.[110] The Void, a Hanley nightclub, developed a sister relationship with Sankey's Soap in Manchester, helping the latter to revive its fortunes during the late 1990s via the promotion of a club night called Golden.[111]
There are three venues in the city that host regular touring bands: Victoria Hall, The Sugarmill and The Underground.
Robbie Williams is perhaps the most famous pop star to hail from the city. Many of his songs refer to Stoke-on-Trent, either directly or indirectly. These include "It's Only Us", "Burslem Normals", "The 80's" and the spoken introduction to his duet with Jonathan Wilkes of the song "Me and My Shadow". The song "Angels" was partly inspired by the golden angel at Burslem Town Hall.[112]
Slash, renowned guitarist for Guns N' Roses and Velvet Revolver was born in Hampstead, but his father was originally from the Potteries, and he spent a few of his early childhood years in Stoke before moving to Los Angeles. He did not meet the British side of his family until 1992 when Guns N' Roses played Wembley Stadium. Slash has recalled in numerous interviews and his autobiography that his Stoke relatives drank all of the bands considerable rider: "I witnessed one of my uncles, my cousin, and my grandfather, on his very first trip to London from Stoke, down every drop of liquor in our dressing room. Consumed in full, our booze rider in those days would have killed anyone but us."[113][114][115][116]
The Legendary Lonnie is a rock 'n' roll guitarist and local celebrity who played with Screaming Lord Sutch in the 1970s. He is well remembered in the area for his Radio Stoke show Sunday Best, and for standing as a Monster Raving Loony Party candidate. In Spring 2010 he started getting airplay on a New York radio station for his 1994 song “Knock Me Down, Pick Me Up”. This led to the song being released for mp3 download in the USA and the UK.[117][118]
Other notable individuals and groups from the area include Andy Moor who is a DJ and producer,[119] Havergal Brian who composed 32 symphonies and five operas,[120] Gertie Gitana (music hall star and singer),[121] Lemmy, the founder of the rock band Motörhead,[122][123][124] Patricia Leonard (singer/contralto),[125] Jem Finer (banjoist, The Pogues),[126] Broken Bones and Discharge (punk band).[127] Post-hardcore band Spy Versus Spy came from Stoke-On-Trent. Experimental musician Phil Todd, best known for his Ashtray Navigations project, grew up in Madeley. Other bands to hail from the city include: This Is Seb Clarke (soul-punk), Agent Blue (alternative rock), Epilogue (prog rock), Exhibit A (alternative metal), The Title (indie), Ghost Trains (alternative acoustic) and indie-soul band Tommy Turbo & The Turbervilles.
In October 2007, Stoke-on-Trent City Council introduced a new theme tune – "Moving Forwards Together". It was described by the council as "part of our drive to help us move the city forward and create a better Stoke-on-Trent for people to live, learn, work and enjoy".[128]
Murdoc Niccals, a member of the fictional group Gorillaz with the role of bass guitarist is (in his constructed biography) said to have been born in Stoke-on-Trent.[129] Indie rocker Stephen Malkmus mentions Stoke-on-Trent in "Pink India", released on his self-titled solo album, singing that the song's protagonist, Mortimer, is a "rook" in The Great Game, who "came from Stoke-on-Trent." Billy Bragg also mentions Stoke-on-Trent as one of the places that the character in his song "Rotting On Remand" is sent to.
Peter Wyngarde, as the title character of Jason King, makes a quip about a "knicker salesman from Stoke-on-Trent" in the episode "Flamingos only fly on Tuesdays".[130] The cat in Dick and Dom in da Bungalow once sang a song about Stoke-on-Trent.[131]
The up-and-coming indie band All The Young also hail from Stoke.
Food[link]
Staffordshire Oatcakes (very different from the Scottish version and traditionally made in corner-shop style oatcake bakeries) are a much-loved local culinary speciality, though fame has yet to travel far outside Staffordshire, Derbyshire and Cheshire. They remain popular although are no longer the cheap alternative to bread. Oatcakes can be eaten cold or hot with any sweet or savoury fillings. Lobby, a stew not unlike Lancashire hotpot, is still made by local people.
Stoke Pride[link]
Stoke Pride is the city's annual pride march that has been running since 2005, although it was not officially called Stoke Pride until 2008. It is a celebration of the city's LGBT community and attracts visitors from elsewhere. There were talks about such an event in 2003, but the idea was faced by opposition from the local BNP councillors and their supporters.[132] Originally held in Hanley, the event has been held at Northwood Park since 2009.
Dialect[link]
Main article: Potteries dialect
The Potteries has a distinctive local dialect. Whilst it contains many non-standard words (e.g. nesh meaning “soft, tender, or to easily get cold”;[133] and slat meaning “to throw”[133]), the best known word is duck, which is used as a greeting to either men or women. It is believed to be derived from the Saxon word ducas, used to indicate respect; in Middle English this became duc or duk, which denotes a leader; in turn, it became the title Duke and the Old French word ducheé, which indicates the territory ruled by a Duke.[133]
Another common variation on the standard English dialect is the use of the word shug for sugar. This is usually used as a term of endearment when closing a sentence, as in “Ta Shug” (thank you, sugar).
A local cartoon called May un Mar Lady, published in the newspaper The Sentinel and written in Potteries dialect, first appeared on 8 July 1986 and ran for over 20 years.[134] Since the death of cartoonist Dave Follows in 2003, the full twenty-year run (7,000) of May un Mar Lady strips are being republished in The Sentinel as May un Mar Lady Revisited, keeping the dialect alive for another twenty years.
Alan Povey's Owd Grandad Piggott stories which have aired on BBC Radio Stoke for a number of years are recited in the Potteries dialect by the author.[135]
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- ^ "Motörhead Chronology". Official Motörhead site. http://www.imotorhead.com/index2.htm. Retrieved 9 February 2007.
- ^ Stone, David (27 August 2001). "Patricia Leonard". WHO WAS WHO IN THE D'OYLY CARTE OPERA COMPANY (1875–1982). http://math.boisestate.edu/gas/whowaswho/L/LeonardPatricia.htm. Retrieved 20 May 2007.
- ^ "Jem Finer (Jeremy Max Finer)". http://www.pogues.com/PastPogues/JFiner/JFiner.html. Retrieved 20 May 2007.
- ^ "History". http://www.discharge.co.uk/history.html. Retrieved 20 May 2007.
- ^ "Stoke-on-Trent City Council theme tune". Archived from the original on 28 October 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071028032359/http://www.stoke.gov.uk/ccm/content/cc/stoke-on-trent-city-council-theme-tune.en. Retrieved 26 October 2007.
- ^ "Murdoc Is Reborn (and other tales)". Gorillaz Official Fan Site. 7 June 2006. http://fans.gorillaz.com/news0656.php. Retrieved 20 May 2007.
- ^ Flamingos Only Fly on Tuesdays "Jason King" (1971)
- ^ "Dick and Dom in Da Bungalow". CBBC. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=12epwE7Wroc. Retrieved 20 May 2007.
- ^ "Gays to show their Pride in a city with nine BNP councillors". Hope Not Hate. http://www.hopenothate.org.uk/news/article/978/Gays-to-show-their-Pride-in-a-city-with-nine-BNP-councillors. Retrieved 4 January 2009.
- ^ a b c "Voices – The history of the Potteries dialect". BBC Stoke & Staffordshire. British Broadcasting Corporation. http://www.bbc.co.uk/stoke/voices2005/features/steve_birks.shtml. Retrieved 14 May 2007.
- ^ "FOLLOWS AT THE FESTIVAL". The Sentinel (Staffordshire Sentinel Newspapers Ltd). 19 April 2007. http://www.thisisthesentinel.co.uk/displayNode.jsp?nodeId=158338&command=displayContent&sourceNode=158321&contentPK=17135845&moduleName=InternalSearch&formname=sidebarsearch. Retrieved 14 May 2007.
- ^ "Dave Follows – tributes to the cartoonists' cartoonist". BBC Stoke & Staffordshire. British Broadcasting Corporation. October 2003. http://www.bbc.co.uk/stoke/news/2003/10/dave_follows.shtml. Retrieved 14 May 2007.
External links[link]
- The Potteries The history of the North Staffordshire Potteries
- Creative Stoke creativestoke.org.uk
- Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent Archive Service staffordshire.gov.uk
- The People's Archive Chronicling the changing face of North Staffordshire
Local Media[link]
- Local Information from The Sentinel newspaper
- Local Information from the BBC
- Local Information from StaffsLive a website run by Staffordshire University journalism students
- Local Information from Pits n Pots on-line newspaper
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 |
|||
| Personal information | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Full name | Geoffrey Scott Cameron | ||
| Date of birth | (1985-07-11) July 11, 1985 (age 26) | ||
| Place of birth | Attleboro, Massachusetts, United States | ||
| Height | 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) | ||
| Playing position | Defender, Midfielder | ||
| Club information | |||
| Current club | Houston Dynamo | ||
| Number | 20 | ||
| Youth career | |||
| 2004–2005 | West Virginia Mountaineers | ||
| 2006–2007 | Rhode Island Rams | ||
| Senior career* | |||
| Years | Team | Apps† | (Gls)† |
| 2005–2007 | Rhode Island Stingrays | 33 | (8) |
| 2008– | Houston Dynamo | 111 | (11) |
| National team‡ | |||
| 2010– | United States | 3 | (0) |
| * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of May 24, 2012. † Appearances (Goals). |
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Geoffrey Scott "Geoff" Cameron (born July 11, 1985 in Attleboro, Massachusetts) is an American soccer player who currently plays for Houston Dynamo in Major League Soccer. A versatile player who is currently featured as center back who can also play as defensive and attacking midfielder. His combination of aerial ability, man marking and composure on the ball have led to a call-up to the U.S. national team.[1]
Contents |
Career[link]
Youth and college[link]
Cameron played his youth soccer for Bayside FC and attended Attleboro High School and Providence Country Day for high school before choosing West Virginia University for college. After making 28 starts in two seasons at West Virginia, Cameron transferred to the University of Rhode Island for his junior and senior years. Cameron was an immediate starter and helped URI beat Rutgers in the 2006 NCAA tournament, scoring in a shootout. As a senior in 2007, Cameron was named Midfielder of the Year in the Atlantic 10 Conference and was a first-team all-Mid Atlantic Region selection.
During his college years, Cameron also played for Rhode Island Stingrays in the USL Premier Development League.
Professional[link]
Cameron was drafted by the Houston Dynamo in the third round (42nd overall) in the 2008 MLS SuperDraft. He made his professional debut on March 29, 2008, coming on as a sub in a loss against the New England Revolution. In his first home appearance, on April 6, he scored a last-minute goal to help the Dynamo to a 3-3 tie with FC Dallas. He became a regular substitute and sometimes starter for the Dynamo by mid-season. On October 31, 2008 it was announced that Cameron was a finalist along with Sean Franklin and Kheli Dube for MLS Rookie of the Year.[2] Cameron was selected for the 2009 MLS All-Star Game in Sandy, Utah, and he played all 90 minutes in the 1-1 draw with Everton of the English Premier League. Cameron was also named in the MLS Best XI for the 2009 season. During the 2010 season, Cameron suffered a knee injury that kept him out for half of the season. He returned in August, and scored a 70th minute header from a free kick by Brad Davis against DC United in the Dynamo's 3-1 win on September 25 in RFK Stadium.
In 2011, Cameron was named to the MLS All Star team and played in the All Star Game against Manchester United.
International[link]
Cameron received his first call up to train with the senior US national team in January, 2009, but he was injured during the first week and was unable to play in the team's friendly against Sweden. He participated again in training with the USMNT in Carson, California in January, 2010, leading up to a friendly match against Honduras. Cameron did not play in that match, but he was again called into camp for the February 24, 2010 game against El Salvador in Tampa, Florida. He appeared as a substitute in the 86th minute for Robbie Rogers, recording his first cap for the USMNT, nearly scoring on a blazing strike that narrowly went over the bar. In December 2011, Cameron was called up to coach Jürgen Klinsmann's camp. On January 21, 2012, he went 90 minutes in a friendly against Venezuela.
Honors[link]
Individual[link]
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ Creditor, Avi. "Preseason MLS Power Rankings: Defending champ Galaxy on top". Sports Illustrated.
- ^ "MLS announces finalists for 2008 awards". Soccer By Ives. http://www.soccerbyives.net/soccer_by_ives/2008/10/mls-announces-f.html. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
External links[link]
- MLS player profile
- Geoff Cameron at National-Football-Teams.com
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Cameron, Geoff |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American soccer player |
| Date of birth | July 11, 1985 |
| Place of birth | Attleboro, Massachusetts, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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| Myles Kennedy | |
|---|---|
 Myles Kennedy performing with Alter Bridge in Barcelona in 2008. |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Myles Richard Bass |
| Born | (1969-11-27) November 27, 1969 (age 42) Boston, Massachusetts, United States |
| Origin | Spokane, Washington, United States |
| Genres | Alternative metal, blues rock, hard rock, heavy metal, jazz, post-grunge |
| Occupations | Musician, singer-songwriter |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, keyboards, piano, bass, trumpet, violin |
| Years active | 1988–2002, 2004–present |
| Labels | Epic, Wind-up, Universal Republic, Roadrunner, EMI |
| Associated acts | Alter Bridge, Slash, The Mayfield Four, Citizen Swing, Cosmic Dust |
Myles Richard Kennedy (born Myles Richard Bass; November 27, 1969) is an American musician and singer-songwriter best known as the lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the rock band Alter Bridge, and as the lead vocalist in Slash's current solo project. A former guitar instructor originally from the Spokane, Washington area, Kennedy is known for his ability as both a guitarist and a vocalist, possessing a tenor vocal range that spans four octaves.[1] He has worked as a session musician and songwriter, making both studio and live appearances with several artists over the years and having been involved with several projects throughout his career. Most notably, Kennedy rehearsed and collaborated with former members of Led Zeppelin for an unreleased project featuring Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, and Jason Bonham in 2008.[2] More recently, he has become known for his several collaborations with Slash, starting with his vocal contributions to two songs on Slash's self-titled debut solo album, which featured many other guest musicians.
Kennedy was raised in Spokane, Washington, where he attended Spokane Falls Community College to study music theory. He began his music career in 1990 as the lead guitarist of the instrumental jazz ensemble Cosmic Dust, with which he released one studio album. His second band, Citizen Swing, released two studio albums before disbanding in 1995. He then founded and became the lead vocalist and lead guitarist of the Spokane-based rock band The Mayfield Four in 1996, releasing two studio albums with the band, Fallout (1998) and Second Skin (2001). While he was in the band, he made a cameo appearance in Rock Star, a film starring Mark Wahlberg and Jennifer Aniston.[3] The Mayfield Four disbanded a year later in 2002. After declining an offer to audition as the lead vocalist of Velvet Revolver, he was asked to join Alter Bridge by then-former members of Creed. He has released three studio albums with Alter Bridge: One Day Remains (2004), Blackbird (2007), and AB III (2010), which debuted at #17 on the Billboard 200.[4] Kennedy has been touring since 2010, switching between tours with his two main projects, Alter Bridge and Slash. He also has a solo album with a tentative 2012 release,[5] as well as Slash's second solo album, Apocalyptic Love, on which Kennedy will appear as the sole lead singer as a member of the band "Slash featuring Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators."[6]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Kennedy was born as Myles Richard Bass on November 27, 1969 in Boston, Massachusetts, and subsequently lived in Northern Idaho. As a child, he moved to Spokane, Washington, where he grew up in a Christian family on a farm.[7] His father, Richard Bass, died when he was four years old and his mother subsequently went on to marry a minister,[8] and the family took the surname Kennedy.[9] Kennedy attended Mead High School and, finding musical inspiration from Led Zeppelin, Marvin Gaye, and Stevie Wonder, began playing trumpet at the age of ten and guitar at fifteen, copying the playing style of Jimmy Page. He found his singing voice by listening to his parents' Marvin Gaye and Stevie Wonder records, and also states that he was influenced by Robert Plant. He played guitar in the school's jazz band and trumpet in the school's marching band. He also spent some time playing in a local heavy metal band called Bittersweet with some of his fellow classmates. After graduating in 1988, he enrolled in Spokane Falls Community College to study music.[7]
Career[link]
Bands[link]
Cosmic Dust and Citizen Swing: 1990–1995[link]
Main articles: Cosmic Dust (band) and Citizen Swing
Upon graduating from high school in 1988, Kennedy enrolled in a Commercial Music/Jazz Studies program at Spokane Falls Community College. Using the skills he learned from this course, in 1990 he began playing guitar for a jazz group called the Cosmic Dust Fusion Band, which was formed by keyboardist Jim Templeton in 1980. Kennedy's guitar work with Cosmic Dust was very advanced; using his knowledge of jazz theory in conjunction with his advanced technical abilities, interweaving difficult techniques such as chord changes on impulse and precise shredding with rock music, he became a well-respected guitarist among local musicians.[10] Cosmic Dust's first album, Journey, was released in 1991. The album was well-received by critics. In 1993, the song "Spiritus" was awarded the Washington State Artist Trust Grant for $5,000.[11]
After the release of Journey, Kennedy left Cosmic Dust to begin working on a new band that would become Citizen Swing, for which Kennedy provided both lead vocals and lead guitar. They were described as "a band that combined the sounds of funk, soul, R&B, blues and alternative into a unique and cohesive sound" and as "Stevie Ray Vaughn[sic] meets Stevie Wonder and then some."[12] They released their first album, Cure Me with the Groove, in 1993. This album featured Kennedy (who helped produce the album), rhythm guitarist Craig Johnson, bassist Dave Turner (also of Cosmic Dust), drummer/percussionist Mike Tschirgi, and trumpeter Geoff Miller.[13] Citizen Swing's second and final album was called Deep Down and was released in 1995. The band disbanded the same year. All the music and lyrics on that album were written by Kennedy.[7] Journey, Cure Me with the Groove, and Deep Down are all very rare albums and are highly sought after by fans.
The Mayfield Four: 1996–2002[link]
Main article: The Mayfield Four
In 1995, Kennedy started teaching guitar in a store called Rock City Music.[14] By August 1996, he became the lead vocalist and lead guitarist of The Mayfield Four, a rock band he formed with his childhood friends Zia Uddin, Marty Meisner, and Craig Johnson (also of Citizen Swing).[15] They signed a contract with Epic Records thanks to a critically acclaimed demo called Thirty Two Point Five Hours that the band recorded in 1996, followed by a live extended play called Motion in 1997. The Mayfield Four's debut album, Fallout, was supported with a fifteen-month tour with bands such as Creed, Big Wreck, and Stabbing Westward. The album was praised by critics, but it failed to chart, and ultimately became the only album by the band to feature rhythm guitarist Craig Johnson, who was fired from the band due to undisclosed reasons.[16][17]
Following the Fallout tour, Kennedy made an appearance in the 2001 drama film Rock Star starring Mark Wahlberg and Jennifer Aniston. He said that he got a call from his manager telling him that the filmmakers needed someone who could sing high and that his name was suggested. On the set of the film, he met Wahlberg along with Zakk Wylde and Jason Bonham, who also appeared in the movie alongside several other notable musicians. Kennedy was the only actor in the movie whose actual singing voice was used.[3] In the movie, directly paralleling a scene at the beginning of the film, Kennedy's character (Mike, also known as "Thor") is noticed by Wahlberg's character, Chris "Izzy" Cole, the lead singer of Thor's favorite band, Steel Dragon. Izzy pulls Thor onstage and sings the rest of the song with him, eventually telling him to finish the rest of the band's concert. The film was met with mostly mixed reviews, garnering a 52% "Rotten" score on Rotten Tomatoes.[18]
The Mayfield Four's second and final album, Second Skin, was released in June 2001.[17] Kennedy has since said that it is one of the most personal records he has made.[19] The album has been critically acclaimed and Kennedy has commented on how it and Fallout are much more popular now than when they were released.[20]
Though popular, The Mayfield Four never garnered enough exposure to break into the mainstream. In 2002, the future of the band began to look unlikely, and Kennedy began recording new music, which he described as "Daniel Lanois meets Massive Attack."[21] The band went on hiatus that year, and would ultimately disband. In an interview with Pulse Weekly in 2004, Kennedy said that it was because he was "burned out with the whole rock industry at that point."[22] However, three previously unreleased songs appeared on a fan-run Myspace page dedicated to and approved by The Mayfield Four in early 2010, causing rumors of a possible reunion to begin circulating. However, when asked about this during an interview, Kennedy replied that he does not see it happening.[20]
Alter Bridge: 2003–present[link]
Main article: Alter Bridge
Kennedy is best known as the lead vocalist and guitarist of the American hard rock band Alter Bridge.[23] The band's origins lie in late 2003 when Kennedy was contacted by then-former Creed guitarist Mark Tremonti, who was interested in having Kennedy lay down vocal tracks for some songs he had recently written. Tremonti and drummer Scott Phillips had reunited with former bassist Brian Marshall who had left Creed in 2000 to form a new band. Alter Bridge, taking its name from an actual bridge that used to be located near Tremonti's home in Detroit, was officially formed in January 2004. Coinciding with the official announcement of Alter Bridge's formation was an announcement regarding their debut album, One Day Remains, along with the release of that album's lead single, "Open Your Eyes."[24][25] One Day Remains was released in 2004 on Wind-up Records. It received generally mixed to negative reviews and was certified Gold by the RIAA.[26] Two other singles were released: "Find the Real" and "Broken Wings." One Day Remains is the only album by a band with Kennedy as an official member that does not feature his guitar playing.
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Following a successful tour in support of the album, Alter Bridge announced plans for a second release. The album, Blackbird, was released in 2007 on Universal Republic to mostly positive reviews.[27] Unlike One Day Remains, which was largely written by Tremonti, Blackbird featured Kennedy's guitar playing as well as more of his songwriting contributions. Alter Bridge toured in support of Blackbird throughout 2007 and 2008, recording a concert film titled Live from Amsterdam and releasing it in 2009 via Amazon.com. It would later be released in stores in early 2011 after several delays.[28]
Alter Bridge took a temporary break in early 2009 with its members working on other projects, but the band continued writing music throughout the year. The band regrouped later that year to begin work on their third album, AB III, which was released in 2010 on Roadrunner Records worldwide, except for North America where the album was self-released on Alter Bridge Recordings via EMI.[29] For the album, Kennedy chose to write lyrics based on his own personal experiences with faith and believing. As such, it is lyrically the band's darkest album,[30] with Kennedy calling it the most personal album he had made since The Mayfield Four's Second Skin. AB III has received critical acclaim.[31][32][33] A second concert film, Live at Wembley, was released on March 26, 2012.[34]
Having joined Alter Bridge primarily as lead vocalist, Kennedy began to play rhythm guitar during live performances following the release of One Day Remains. He has since played rhythm guitar on the band's subsequent studio releases, and also played lead tracks on a number of songs and during live performances.[35]
Unrealized projects[link]
Velvet Revolver audition offer: 2002–2003[link]
After The Mayfield Four's unforeseen breakup, and due to a hearing disorder called tinnitus that he developed because of listening to music that he was recording at earsplitting volumes, Kennedy fell into depression in 2002. He said about music, "I can't do it any more. My ears won't let me."[36] He said that he had grown "disillusioned with music and the music business," so he took a musical hiatus and went back to teaching guitar.[37] However, in 2002, he was contacted by former Guns N' Roses guitarist Slash, who was looking for a vocalist for a band he was forming (Velvet Revolver), but Kennedy declined the offer.[36] Other sources state that Kennedy had sent in a demo tape but still ultimately declined an invitation to audition after being approached by Matt Sorum.[38] Kennedy recalls, "They had reached out to me in 2002 when they were just getting together. They had sent me a demo tape, and I kind of sat on it for a month, and I didn't really follow up on it."[37]
Working with Led Zeppelin members: 2008–2009[link]
I was just flattered beyond all belief to be in the same room with those guys. I mean, everything I ever learned about rock, I learned from Led Zeppelin. Just being near Jimmy Page was unbelievable.
“
”
—Myles Kennedy, on his experiences with Led Zeppelin.[39]
Kennedy's name received a great amount of press coverage in late 2008 regarding a rumor that he was going to be joining Led Zeppelin, although it later turned out to be an audition for a different project featuring members of Led Zeppelin. After Led Zeppelin's one-off reunion in 2007, guitarist Jimmy Page and bassist John Paul Jones reportedly felt as if Led Zeppelin "still had something to offer."[40] As reported by BBC News, Page and Jones were in the studio with Jason Bonham writing and recording new material that was reportedly going to be used for a new Led Zeppelin album. However, according to Bonham, singer Robert Plant was not involved in the recording sessions.[41] Page, Jones, and Bonham were auditioning new singers to replace Plant on tour as a result,[42] and according to several sources, Myles Kennedy was the leading candidate for Plant's replacement.[43][44][45] Plant responded to this by confirming that he would not be involved with the reunion and that if Page, Jones, and Bonham find another singer, the resulting band would not be Led Zeppelin.[46]
The rumors continued when it was reported that Page, Jones, and Bonham had attended an Alter Bridge concert.[47] It was also supposedly confirmed by Twisted Sister frontman Dee Snider, who said that Page, Jones, and Bonham were offering Kennedy to join Led Zeppelin in order to persuade Plant to reconsider.[48] Alter Bridge guitarist Mark Tremonti also addressed the rumors, saying that Kennedy "deserves" to play with Led Zeppelin.[49] Kennedy remained silent about the rumors for the most part until January 2009. He denied that he would be performing with or fronting a group with them, saying, "I am not singing in Led Zeppelin or any offshoot of Led Zeppelin, but I did have a great opportunity and it was something that I'm very grateful for. But Alter Bridge will go on, and that's that."[2] He later confirmed, however, that he had actually written songs and rehearsed with Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, and Jason Bonham. He also said that it was Bonham who "got the ball rolling" since the two had met on the set of the 2001 film Rock Star.[50] It is unconfirmed if the songs he wrote with Page, Jones, and Bonham will ever be released.
Solo work and collaborations[link]
Solo career: 2009–present[link]
In early 2009, Kennedy announced a solo side project. He described the material as "dreamy" and "[not] aggressive," saving those songs for Alter Bridge. He also said, "It's more singer/songwriter based. I will say it's going to be interesting."[51] He later posted on his Myspace page that he is working with some "great people" and that he has details coming at a future date.[52] Slash announced via Facebook on February 1, 2010 that he would be appearing on Kennedy's solo record, and Kennedy confirmed this via Myspace.[53] Kennedy had originally hoped that his album would be released in early 2010, digitally first and then on CD, but he has since put its release on hold.[54] However, he recently said that he is still too busy to release the album as he states that he would like to tour to promote it, but he wants to release it on December 21, 2012 as a joke, although a firm release date has not yet been announced.[39]
When asked if the record would be a departure from his previous work, he replied that it is different and again referred to the singer-songwriter approach that would be featured on it and that it would not be a hard rock album. He also said that "it was maybe the most difficult thing I've ever done in the sense that I didn't have a band."[54] He also said that the music is very intimate and that it features piano as well.[39] In an interview with Guitarist UK magazine, he said that some of the songs will feature jazz, blues, and R&B influences, while others still "get quite atmospheric and ethereal," comparing the sound to Daniel Lanois and Massive Attack, while assuring fans that the rock style will still be present.[55] In the same Guitarist interview, he confirmed the titles of three songs that will appear on his record: "The Light of Day," "Complicated Man," and "The Bar Fly."[55] Most recently, he confirmed that another song will be titled "Love Rain Down." He said in an interview with CraveOnline that "Love Rain Down" differs from anything else he has ever written.[5] It is unknown if this album has anything to do with the project he was working on in 2002.
Kennedy has performed two solo benefit concerts: one hosted by Paul Reed Smith and PRS Guitars to benefit cancer patients,[56] and another to benefit abused children. The latter was called Bofest 2009 and was headlined by Kennedy on October 17, 2009.[57]
Collaborations with Slash: 2009–present[link]
Main article: Slash (musician)
Kennedy has become very well known for his collaborations with current Velvet Revolver and former Guns N' Roses lead guitarist Slash. In late 2009, it was reported that they would be working together on Slash's self-titled debut solo album.[58] Slash later confirmed that Kennedy was chosen to sing and co-write the final song, "Starlight," on his album. Other musicians who appeared on the album include Ozzy Osbourne, Adam Levine of Maroon 5, Dave Grohl of the Foo Fighters, Kid Rock, and Chris Cornell of Soundgarden.[59] Then, according to MusicRadar, Slash asked Kennedy to co-write and sing another song, "Back from Cali," which was added to the album at the last minute, making him the only musician to appear on more than one song on the album's standard track listing.[60] The album was released in April 2010.[61]
On February 3, 2010, Slash announced that Kennedy would be the lead vocalist for his band on tour.[62] On tour, Kennedy performed a number of songs found throughout Slash's catalog.[63] Slash and Kennedy were also the supporting act on Ozzy Osbourne's tour in 2010.[64][65] The other members of Slash's band are rhythm guitarist Bobby Schneck, bassist Todd Kerns (formerly of Age of Electric), and drummer Brent Fitz (formerly of Theory of a Deadman).[66] In late 2010, Kennedy and Slash appeared on That Metal Show, a talk show on VH1 Classic.[67] On November 14, 2011, Slash released a concert film and live album titled Made in Stoke 24/7/11 featuring Kennedy and the rest of his band.[68]
Slash's second solo album will again feature Myles Kennedy, this time as the sole vocalist. It was also announced that band mates Bobby Schneck, Todd Kerns, and Brent Fitz, along with Slash, would complete the lineup for the album.[69] In an interview with MusicRadar, Slash confirmed that it would be less of an actual solo album and more of a collaboration album with Kennedy, and that he was not sure if the album will be billed to Slash or a new name entirely.[70] As of December 2011, three songs had been recorded: "Halo," "Standing in the Sun," and "Bad Rain." Slash has described the new music as "very heavy."[71] The album will be released on May 22, 2012. A behind-the-scenes video was also released with this announcement.[72] Titled Apocalyptic Love, the album will be billed to "Slash featuring Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators", featuring Kennedy, Kerns, and Fitz as members of Slash's band. The band performed the album in its entirety on April 11, 2012, at the Revolver Golden God Awards.[6] The first single, "You're a Lie," was released to rock radio on February 27, 2012; a 30-second preview of the song was released online.[73] Kennedy has reportedly said that some of the lyrics on the album are about his earlier experiences with drugs.[74] On April 14, 2012, Kennedy performed three Guns N' Roses songs with four of the original members of the band during their Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction in Axl Rose's absence.[75]
Other session work: 2001–present[link]
Kennedy is well further known for his work as a session musician and songwriter, having collaborated with several artists. In 2001, he appeared on the album Striped Suit: Lo-Fi by the jazz-rock band Mulligan, playing guitar solos on the songs "Faron" and "Make It Three." In that same year, he provided backing vocals to the song "Breakthrough" by Big Wreck from The Pleasure and the Greed.[76] He also worked with the Spokane based nu-metal band Five Foot Thick on their 2003 album Blood Puddle, providing backing vocals to the song "Ducked Out." In 2005, he sang the chorus of "Nameless Faceless" by Fozzy with Fozzy frontman Chris Jericho from their album All That Remains. In 2008, he sang a duet with Sevendust lead vocalist Lajon Witherspoon on Sevendust's song "Sorrow" from Chapter VII: Hope & Sorrow.[77] Also in 2008, Kennedy made a guest appearance on Mark Tremonti's guitar instructional DVD The Sound & the Story, to which Kennedy provided an in-depth lesson on how to play his guitar solo on the Alter Bridge song "Blackbird."[78] In 2009, he appeared on Slash's self-titled album, co-writing and singing lead vocals on the songs "Back from Cali" and "Starlight."[79] In addition, he has made live appearances with Sevendust and Gov't Mule.[80] In 2011 it was announced that he will appear on a planned tribute album to Tommy Bolin.[81] Further details were announced in January 2012 that the album would be called Great Gypsy Soul. It was released on March 27, 2012, on 429 Records, and Kennedy appeared on a song called "Dreamer" with Nels Cline of Wilco. Other contributors include Steve Lukather, Joe Bonamassa, Peter Frampton, and Glenn Hughes.[82]
Style and influences[link]
Kennedy is influenced by a wide range of artists of several genres. His earliest influence was Led Zeppelin,[7] although he drew his singing influences from jazz, blues, rhythm and blues, and soul artists when he discovered Stevie Wonder and Marvin Gaye albums in his parents' record collection.[7] He said that he owned Stevie Wonder's 1982 compilation album Stevie Wonder's Original Musiquarium I, which was one of his earliest inspirations as a singer. From there, he discovered Songs in the Key of Life, which he has since stated is one of his favorite albums, and today cites Stevie Wonder as a major influence on his singing. He has also cited other jazz players John Coltrane, Al Green, Mike Stern, Miles Davis, Otis Redding, Frank Gambale, Pat Metheny, Lyle Mays, and Curtis Mayfield as early influences.[7][83][84] He also loves blues music.[85] Additional influences include Guns N' Roses, U2, AC/DC, Mastodon, and Radiohead.[86]
Singing style[link]
Kennedy's favorite singers include Jeff Buckley, Robert Plant, Bon Scott, Chris Whitley, and k.d. lang.[87] He has stated on several occasions that Jeff Buckley was, and is, a major influence on him as a singer. When asked to describe his vocal style, he said, "I wanted to fuse together my favorite elements of rock and soul singers into something I could call my own. The inflections of Stevie Wonder with the soaring qualities of someone like Buckley." He states that Buckley's "emotional intensity" was one of the most inspirational things for him when it came to singing, and that it made him accept and embrace the fact that he is a tenor.[87] He often performs Buckley's famous cover of "Hallelujah" (originally by Leonard Cohen) during acoustic performances.[88] At one point, he received lessons from Ron Anderson,[89] a bel canto vocal coach who has worked with a wide range of singers, including Axl Rose, Shania Twain, Enrique Iglesias, Chris Cornell, Ozzy Osbourne, Eddie Vedder, Kelly Clarkson, and several others.[90] When asked about his number one secret when it came to singing, Kennedy replied, "Dig deep into your soul and sing as if your life depends on it. Leave your mark. People react to emotion more than technique."[87] Kennedy, who possesses a four-octave vocal range,[1] has been praised for his ability as a singer. Velvet Revolver guitarist Slash, whose touring band consists of Kennedy, has called him "f**king amazing," calling his style "surreal."[91] About Kennedy's ability to recreate Guns N' Roses songs on tour, Slash said, "Myles is fucking amazing. It's very surreal how he handles the stuff he sings. I'm doing GN'R songs I've never done solo before, and Myles manages to own them without changing the style or trajectory of the song. Which is a fantastic f**king ability."[91] Kennedy is often compared to Soundgarden vocalist Chris Cornell.[92]
Guitar playing[link]
Kennedy, a former guitar instructor, is also recognized as an accomplished guitarist. He began learning how to play the guitar by listening to Led Zeppelin records and mimicking Jimmy Page's guitar parts.[7] He said in an interview, "I started off strictly as a lead guitar player. When I first started playing 25 years ago, that was all I’d do is sit in my room and learn solos." He also recalled being inspired by Eddie Van Halen: "When I was in my early teens, I heard 'Eruption' one day and was like, 'That is the most incredible thing I’ve ever heard,' and I begged my mother to give me an advance on my allowance for the next month and go buy that record."[83] Over the next few years, and throughout the 1990s, Kennedy played primarily lead guitar. His early work with Cosmic Dust and Citizen Swing featured a jazz-influenced rock flavor, combining several advanced techniques used in jazz.[10] He would later join Alter Bridge primarily as a lead vocalist, but began playing rhythm guitar on the band's first tour. Mark Tremonti said, "We knew Myles was an amazing singer, that’s why we hired him. What we found out when we toured the first record was that he’s also an incredibly gifted guitar player and songwriter, as well as a vocalist."[93] In an interview with Ultimate Guitar Archive, Tremonti said:
| “ | I remember walking up to my bedroom one night when he was practicing down in the room. The first time I knew he could play guitar well was when I was walking by his room and I heard all this jazz going on and I thought it was a CD. And I stepped in and there he is blazing away on just this ridiculous jazzy, jazzy stuff. And he’d kind of hidden it from me because I think he just didn’t want to step on my toes. He knew we had called because of his voice and not because of his guitar playing and then that guitar playing kind of became our secret weapon.[94] | ” |
Kennedy played rhythm guitar on Blackbird and has since played co-lead on several Alter Bridge tracks.[35] In an article about Kennedy as a guitarist on Lemon Squeezings, writer Steve Sauer noted his dexterity and steady rhythm playing.[95] Doug Clark, a writer for The Spokesman-Review and one of Kennedy's former guitar students, wrote that "his six-string skills are pyrotechnically brilliant."[14] Kennedy notes that his job as a guitar player, especially recently with Alter Bridge, is to add texture and colors to the music.[35]
Lyrics and themes[link]
In addition, Kennedy is the primary lyricist of Alter Bridge and his previous band, The Mayfield Four. His lyrics, which are usually fairly straightforward stylistically, often touch on dark subjects such as death and addiction. On Alter Bridge's first two albums (the lyrics of the former were primarily written by Tremonti, however), the lyrics are about "hope and perseverance in the face of adversity." However, he has been known to write darker lyrics, as heard most notably on Alter Bridge's third album, AB III, which is a loose concept album based on his own personal struggles with faith and spirituality.[30] Similarly, the lyrical themes of The Mayfield Four's second album, Second Skin, touch on struggling with love and substance abuse.[96] Second Skin is also the only album to feature lyrics written by Kennedy that contain profanity.[85]
Personal life[link]
Kennedy currently resides in Spokane, Washington with his wife, Selena, whom he married on May 27, 2003.[8][7] He is diagnosed with tinnitus.[36]
According to Alter Bridge lead guitarist Mark Tremonti, Kennedy is an atheist,[97] although in an article titled Losing My Religion from a November 2010 issue of Kerrang! magazine, Kennedy said he places himself "somewhere in the middle" between being an atheist and a Christian.[98] In an interview on the Blairing Out with Eric Blair Show at NAMM 2009, Kennedy mentioned that despite being raised in a Christian household, he is not a religious person and he does not believe in any organized religion.[2] In an interview with CraveOnline, he said: "I would consider myself a part of the growing segment of people who question authority and scrutinize concepts that no longer seem as logical as they once did. [...] I don't find peace in the same concepts that many hold as truth. Believe me, I tried. It's not like I didn't spend most of my life submersed in the bosom of doctrine or dogma."[5]
Kennedy has been identified as an avid reader and he says that he especially enjoys the work of John Irving, describing Irving's A Prayer for Owen Meany as one of his favorite novels.[99] He has also cited Effortless Mastery by Kenny Werner as one of his favorites.[100] When asked about his hobbies, he replied: "I guess I have been pretty fortunate since I have turned what was a hobby into a living. Music pretty much consumes me. If I’m not writing, performing or listening I am probably trying to learn more about its history. I’m kind of a geek at the end of the day."[89]
Discography[link]
Main article: Myles Kennedy discography
See also: Alter Bridge discography
| Year | Artist | Album |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | Cosmic Dust | Journey |
| 1993 | Citizen Swing | Cure Me with the Groove |
| 1995 | Deep Down | |
| 1997 | The Mayfield Four | Motion |
| 1998 | Fallout | |
| 2001 | Second Skin | |
| 2004 | Alter Bridge | One Day Remains |
| 2007 | Blackbird | |
| 2010 | AB III | |
| 2012 | Slash | Apocalyptic Love |
Filmography[link]
| Films | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| 2001 | Rock Star | Mike | Cameo |
| Television appearances | |||
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2005 | WWE Raw[101] | Himself | 1 episode; guest appearance |
References[link]
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- ^ a b Linda Laban. "Myles Kennedy Recaptures Youth for Movie Cameo". ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=105184&page=1.
- ^ "Alter Bridge Album & Song Chart History". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/artist/alter-bridge/chart-history/620698#/artist/alter-bridge/chart-history/620698.
- ^ a b c Johnny Firecloud (February 2, 2011). "Myles Kennedy of Alter Bridge". CraveOnline. http://www.craveonline.com/entertainment/music/article/myles-kennedy-of-alter-bridge-122817.
- ^ a b Kory Grow (February 16, 2012). "Slash Announces New Album, ‘Apocalyptic Love,’ and Reveals Cover Art". Revolver. http://www.revolvermag.com/news/slash-announces-new-album-apocalyptic-love-and-reveals-cover-art.html.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Julia Plummer (January 4, 2008). "Myles Kennedy Biography". Myles-Kennedy.com. http://www.myles-kennedy.com/index_files/biography.htm. Retrieved 2010.
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- ^ "ALTER BRIDGE: Entire New Album Available For Streaming". Blabbermouth.net. October 9, 2007. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=82449. Retrieved 2010.
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- ^ "AB III to Hit Stores in USA November 9th Featuring Hit Single "Isolation"". Alter Bridge's blog. October 6, 2010. http://www.alterbridge.com/html/2010/10/06/ab-iii-to-hit-stores-in-usa-november-9th-featuring-hit-single-%E2%80%9Cisolation%E2%80%9D/. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
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- ^ "Alter Bridge Storm the Charts with "AB III"". Muen magazine. November 10, 2010. http://www.muenmagazine.net/2010/11/alter-bridge-storm-the-charts-with-ab-iii/.
- ^ "Alter Bridge Wembley DVD Release Dates Announced". Fret 12. January 4, 2012. http://fret12.tumblr.com/post/15302733110/between-the-frets-01-04-12.
- ^ a b c "Myles Kennedy (Alter Bridge, Slash) interview". MusicRadar. July 13, 2010. http://www.musicradar.com/guitarist/myles-kennedy-alter-bridge-slash-interview-260683/3.
- ^ a b c Doug Clark (November 26, 2002). "Dream called, but musician couldn't hear it". The Spokesman-Review. http://themayfieldfour.net/article-112602.html. Retrieved 2010.
- ^ a b Joe Bosso (November 30, 2010). "Interview: Myles Kennedy talks Alter Bridge, Slash and Led Zeppelin". MusicRadar. http://www.musicradar.com/news/guitars/interview-myles-kennedy-talks-alter-bridge-slash-and-led-zeppelin-314959/2.
- ^ "SLASH, MYLES KENNEDY Interviewed In London". Blabbermouth.net. June 25, 2010. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=142121. Retrieved 2010.
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- ^ "Report: ROBERT PLANT Says No To LED ZEPPELIN World Tour". Blabbermouth.net. March 2, 2008. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=92017. Retrieved 2010.
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- ^ Tibi Puiu (October 10, 2008). "Led Zeppelin to reform with Myles Kennedy on deck?". ZME Music. http://www.zmemusic.com/feature/news/led-zeppelin-to-reform-with-myles-kennedy-on-deck/. Retrieved 2010.
- ^ Dave Parrack (October 13, 2008). "Led Zeppelin To Tour With Myles Kennedy Instead Of Robert Plant?". EveryJoe.com. http://everyjoe.com/entertainment/led-zeppelin-to-tour-with-myles-kennedy-instead-of-robert-plant/. Retrieved 2010.
- ^ "ROBERT PLANT Comments On Proposed LED ZEPPELIN Tour Without Him". Blabbermouth.net. November 26, 2008. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=109660. Retrieved 2010.
- ^ Steve Sauer (November 10, 2008). "Source: Page, Jones, Bonham watch Alter Bridge in London; DVD filming postponed". LedZeppelinNews.com. http://www.ledzeppelinnews.com/2008/11/source-page-jones-bonham-watch-alter.html. Retrieved 2010.
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- ^ Joe Bosso (November 10, 2008). "Mark Tremonti says Myles Kennedy "deserves" Zeppelin gig". MusicRadar. http://www.musicradar.com/news/guitars/mark-tremonti-says-myles-kennedy-deserves-zeppelin-gig-180623.
- ^ Steve Sauer (December 16, 2009). "Exclusive interview: Myles Kennedy thrilled to have written with Zeppelin members". LedZeppelinNews.com. http://www.ledzeppelinnews.com/2009/12/exclusive-interview-myles-kennedy.html. Retrieved 2010.
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- ^ Myles Kennedy (February 2, 2010). "Still in the Womb". Kennedy's blog. http://blogs.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=blog.view&friendId=308017636&blogId=528108246. Retrieved 2010.
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- ^ a b Guitarist magazine, Jan 2010 edition
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- ^ Slash (November 4, 2009). "Slash updates fans on Twitter". Twitter. http://twitter.com/Slash/status/5435755287. Retrieved 2010.
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- ^ "ALTER BRIDGE's MYLES KENNEDY Talks About Collaboration With SLASH". Blabbermouth.net. June 5, 2010. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=141122. Retrieved 2010.
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- ^ "MYLES KENNEDY Will Continue Touring With SLASH Throughout 2011". Blabbermouth.net. September 22, 2010. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=146474. Retrieved 2010.
- ^ "SLASH Announces Lineup Change In His Touring Band". Blabbermouth.net. March 26, 2010. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=137491.
- ^ "VH1 Classic's Original Hit Series 'That Metal Show' is Back for a Sixth Season Complete With a Heavy Roster of Rock Icons". The Futon Critic. October 4, 2010. http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2010/10/04/vh1-classics-original-hit-series-that-metal-show-is-back-for-a-sixth-season-complete-with-a-heavy-roster-of-rock-icons-134515/20101004vh1classic01/.
- ^ "SLASH: 'Made In Stoke - 24/7/11' Concert DVD and Blu-Ray Due In November". Blabbermouth.net. September 7, 2011. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=162942.
- ^ "SLASH's Next Album To Feature MYLES KENNEDY Handling All Vocals". Blabbermouth.net. November 21, 2010. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=149727. Retrieved 2010.
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- ^ Bryan Wawzenek (February 7, 2012). "Slash’s New Album Due May 22". Gibson Guitars. http://www.gibson.com/en-us/Lifestyle/News/slash-solo-release-0206-2012/.
- ^ "Slash Previews New Song ‘You’re a Lie’". Loudwire.com. February 23, 2012. http://loudwire.com/slash-previews-new-song-youre-a-lie/.
- ^ "November 23, 2011". Contactmusic. http://www.contactmusic.com/news/myles-kennedy-took-drugs-to-aid-songwriting-skills_1264860.
- ^ Jordan Zakarin (April 16, 2012). "Guns N' Roses Perform at Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction with Myles Kennedy in Axl Rose's Absence". Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/guns-n-roses-perform-rock-and-roll-hall-of-fame-myles-kennedy-axl-rose-312396.
- ^ "The Pleasure and the Greed". Atlantic Records. http://www.cduniverse.com/productinfo.asp?pid=1873054.
- ^ "Myles Kennedy > Credits". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/myles-kennedy-p321662/credits.
- ^ "MARK TREMONTI – The Sound and The Story – Guitar Instruction / Documentary DVD". Fret12. http://fret12.music44.com/F12/product/MTDVD.
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- ^ "Aerosmith, Deep Purple, Alter Bridge Members To Guest On Tommy Bolin Tribute Album". Roadrunnerrecords.com. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=154453. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
- ^ "Tommy Bolin Tribute Album Includes Peter Frampton, Derek Trucks, Warren Haynes, Brad Whitford, Steve Lukather and More". VVN Music. January 18, 2012. http://www.vintagevinylnews.com/2012/01/tommy-bolin-tribute-album-includes.html.
- ^ a b Rick Landers (January 27, 2011). "Myles Kennedy Interview: PRS Guitars, Alter Bridge and Slash". Guitar International. http://guitarinternational.com/2011/01/27/myles-kennedy-talks-prs-guitars-alter-bridge-and-slash/.
- ^ "Myles Kennedy Interview 5-07-10 Part 2". Myles-Kennedy.com. May 7, 2010. http://www.myles-kennedy.com/index_files/interview2010part2.htm.
- ^ a b "Interview with Myles Kennedy of Alter Bridge". Music Equals Life. http://www.musicequalslife.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=14:interview-with-myles-kennedy-of-alter-bridge&catid=1:interviews&Itemid=6.
- ^ "Alter Bridge - Myles Kennedy". http://www.alterbridge.com/band/myles-kennedy.aspx.
- ^ a b c "Myles Kennedy’s Top Secrets". Jaime Vendera. http://www.jaimevendera.com/myleskennedyi.html.
- ^ Brian Christopher (December 24, 2008). "Myles Kennedy, Hallelujah". Music-Live-Reviews. WKBT-DT. http://music.blogs.wkbt.com/News-Channel-8/La-Crosse-WI/Music-Live-Reviews/myles-kennedy-hallelujah/12/24/2008.
- ^ a b Lupe Galvan. "Myles Kennedy Interview with Lupe Galvan". Myles-Kennedy.com. http://www.myles-kennedy.com/index_files/Mylesinterview2.htm.
- ^ "Official Ron Anderson website". Ronandersonvocals.com. http://ronandersonvocals.com/www.ronandersonvocals.com/RON_ANDERSON.html. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
- ^ a b "SLASH Says Singer MYLES KENNEDY Is 'F**king Amazing'". Blabbermouth.net. September 14, 2010. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=146026. Retrieved 2010.
- ^ Tim Grierson. "Alter Bridge on About.com". About.com. http://rock.about.com/od/alterbridge/p/Alter.htm.
- ^ "Universal Republic Community". Universal Republic. http://www.universalrepublic.com/community/artist/bio.aspx?mid=329395.
- ^ "Mark Tremonti: 'I Always Want To Create Music And Do The Best I Can'". Ultimate Guitar Archive. November 28, 2008. http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/interviews/interviews/mark_tremonti_i_always_want_to_create_music_and_do_the_best_i_can.html.
- ^ Steve Sauer (November 11, 2008). "Myles Kennedy holds his own on guitar". Lemon Squeezings. http://www.ledzeppelinnews.com/2008/11/myles-kennedy-holds-his-own-on-guitar.html.
- ^ JP Stroman (January 28, 2010). "Under the radar: Mayfield Four album retains edge, punch". The Cavalier Daily. http://www.cavalierdaily.com/2010/01/28/under-the-radar-mayfield-four-album-retains-edge-punch/.
- ^ Jonathan Geddes (October 14, 2010). "MUSIC: An Altered image". Evening Times. http://www.eveningtimes.co.uk/times-out/music-clubs/music-an-altered-image-1.1061576.
- ^ "Losing My Religion: Alter Bridge Frontman Myles Kennedy Tackles Life's Big Questions on New Album AB III". Kerrang! (Kerrang!) (November 2010): 7–8. 2010.
- ^ "Myles Kennedy of Alter Bridge Talks "Field of Dreams," Solo Record and "AB III"". Artistdirect. October 11, 2010. http://www.artistdirect.com/entertainment-news/article/myles-kennedy-of-alter-bridge-talks-ab-iii-slash-and-john-irving/7680874.
- ^ Rick Florino (April 10, 2012). "Reading List: Myles Kennedy of Alter Bridge and Slash & The Conspirators". Artistdirect. http://www.artistdirect.com/entertainment-news/article/reading-list-myles-kennedy-of-alter-bridge-and-slash-the-conspirators/10036795.
- ^ "WWE RAW RESULTS". August 29, 2005. http://www.obsessedwithwrestling.com/results/raw/050829.php.
External links[link]
- Official
- Official Alter Bridge website
- Myles Kennedy on Myspace
- Myles Kennedy on Twitter
- Myles Kennedy on Facebook
- Myles Kennedy at the Internet Movie Database
- Unofficial
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| Persondata | |
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| Name | Kennedy, Myles |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | November 27, 1969 |
| Place of birth | Boston, Massachusetts,United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Myles_Kennedy
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myles_Kennedy
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other uses, see Queen Victoria (disambiguation).
| Queen Victoria | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Victoria wearing her small diamond crown Photograph by Alexander Bassano, 1882 |
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| Reign | 20 June 1837 – 22 January 1901 |
| Coronation | 28 June 1838 |
| Predecessor | William IV |
| Successor | Edward VII |
| Prime Ministers | See list |
|
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| Reign | 1 May 1876 – 22 January 1901 |
| Imperial Durbar | 1 January 1877 |
| Predecessor | Title created |
| Successor | Edward VII |
| Viceroys | See list |
| Consort | Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha |
| Issue | |
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| Full name | |
| Alexandrina Victoria | |
| House | House of Hanover |
| Father | Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn |
| Mother | Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld |
| Born | (1819-05-24)24 May 1819 Kensington Palace, London |
| Died | 22 January 1901(1901-01-22) (aged 81) Osborne House, Isle of Wight |
| Burial | 4 February 1901 Frogmore, Windsor |
| Signature |  |
Queen Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was the monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. From 1 May 1876, she used the additional title of Empress of India.
Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III. Both the Duke of Kent and the King died in 1820, and Victoria was raised under close supervision by her German-born mother Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. She inherited the throne at the age of 18, after her father's three elder brothers had all died without surviving legitimate issue. The United Kingdom was already an established constitutional monarchy, in which the Sovereign held relatively few direct political powers. Privately, she attempted to influence government policy and ministerial appointments. Publicly, she became a national icon, and was identified with strict standards of personal morality.
She married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840. Their nine children and 26 of their 34 grandchildren who survived childhood married into royal and noble families across the continent, tying them together and earning her the nickname "the grandmother of Europe". After Albert's death in 1861, Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances. As a result of her seclusion, republicanism temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign, her popularity recovered. Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration.
Her reign of 63 years and 7 months, which is longer than that of any other British monarch and the longest of any female monarch in history, is known as the Victorian era. It was a period of industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military change within the United Kingdom, and was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire. She was the last British monarch of the House of Hanover; her son and successor Edward VII belonged to the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the line of his father.
Contents |
Birth and family[link]
Victoria's father was Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of the reigning King of the United Kingdom, George III. Until 1817, Edward's niece, Princess Charlotte of Wales, was the only legitimate grandchild of George III. Her death in 1817 precipitated a succession crisis in the United Kingdom that brought pressure on the Duke of Kent (and his unmarried brother) to marry and have children. In 1818, he married Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, a German princess whose brother Leopold was the widower of Princess Charlotte. The Duke and Duchess of Kent's only child, Victoria, was born at 4.15 am on 24 May 1819 at Kensington Palace in London.[1]
She was christened privately by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Charles Manners-Sutton, on 24 June 1819 in the Cupola Room at Kensington Palace.[2] She was baptised Alexandrina, after one of her godparents, Emperor Alexander I of Russia, and Victoria after her mother. Additional names proposed by her parents—Georgina (or Georgiana), Charlotte and Augusta—were dropped on the instructions of the Duke's elder brother, the Prince Regent (later George IV).[3]
At birth, Victoria was fifth in the line of succession after her father and his three older brothers: the Prince Regent, the Duke of York, and the Duke of Clarence (later William IV).[4] The Prince Regent was estranged from his wife and the Duchess of York was 52 years old, so the two eldest brothers were unlikely to have any further children. The Dukes of Kent and Clarence married on the same day 12 months before Victoria's birth, but both of Clarence's daughters (born in 1819 and 1820 respectively) died as infants. Victoria's grandfather and father died in 1820, within a week of each other, and the Duke of York died in 1827. On the death of her uncle George IV in 1830, Victoria became heiress presumptive to her next surviving uncle, William IV. The Regency Act 1830 made special provision for the Duchess of Kent to act as regent in case William died while Victoria was still a minor.[5] King William distrusted the Duchess's capacity to be regent, and in 1836 declared in her presence that he wanted to live until Victoria's 18th birthday, so that a regency could be avoided.[6]
Heiress presumptive[link]
Victoria later described her childhood as "rather melancholy".[7] Her mother was extremely protective, and Victoria was raised largely isolated from other children under the so called "Kensington System", an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess and her ambitious and domineering comptroller, Sir John Conroy, who was rumoured to be the Duchess's lover.[8] The system prevented the princess from meeting people whom her mother and Conroy deemed undesirable (including most of her father's family), and was designed to render her weak and dependent upon them.[9] The Duchess avoided the court because she was scandalised by the presence of the King's bastard children,[10] and perhaps prompted the emergence of Victorian morality by insisting that her daughter avoid any appearance of sexual impropriety.[11] Victoria shared a bedroom with her mother every night, studied with private tutors to a regular timetable, and spent her play hours with her dolls and her King Charles spaniel, Dash.[12] Her lessons included French, German, Italian, and Latin,[13] but she spoke only English at home.[14]
In 1830, the Duchess of Kent and Conroy took Victoria across the centre of England to visit the Malvern Hills, stopping at towns and great country houses along the way.[15] Similar journeys to other parts of England and Wales were taken in 1832, 1833, 1834 and 1835. To King William's annoyance, Victoria was enthusiastically welcomed in each of the stops.[16] William compared the journeys to royal progresses and was concerned that they portrayed Victoria as his rival rather than his heiress presumptive.[17] Victoria disliked the trips; the constant round of public appearances made her tired and ill, and there was little time for her to rest.[18] She objected on the grounds of the King's disapproval, but her mother dismissed his complaints as motivated by jealousy, and forced Victoria to continue the tours.[19] At Ramsgate in October 1835, Victoria contracted a severe fever, which Conroy initially dismissed as a childish pretence.[20] While Victoria was ill, Conroy and the Duchess unsuccessfully badgered her to make Conroy her private secretary.[21] As a teenager, Victoria resisted persistent attempts by her mother and Conroy to appoint him to her staff.[22] Once Queen, she banned him from her presence, but he remained in her mother's household.[23]
By 1836, the Duchess's brother, Leopold, who had been King of the Belgians since 1831, hoped to marry his niece to his nephew, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.[24] Leopold, Victoria's mother, and Albert's father (Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha) were siblings. Leopold arranged for Victoria's mother to invite her Coburg relatives to visit her in May 1836, with the purpose of introducing Victoria to Albert.[25] William IV, however, disapproved of any match with the Coburgs, and instead favoured the suit of Prince Alexander of the Netherlands, second son of the Prince of Orange.[26] Victoria was aware of the various matrimonial plans and critically appraised a parade of eligible princes.[27] According to her diary, she enjoyed Albert's company from the beginning. After the visit she wrote, "[Albert] is extremely handsome; his hair is about the same colour as mine; his eyes are large and blue, and he has a beautiful nose and a very sweet mouth with fine teeth; but the charm of his countenance is his expression, which is most delightful."[28] Alexander, on the other hand, was "very plain".[29]
Victoria wrote to her uncle Leopold, whom Victoria considered her "best and kindest adviser",[30] to thank him "for the prospect of great happiness you have contributed to give me, in the person of dear Albert ... He possesses every quality that could be desired to render me perfectly happy. He is so sensible, so kind, and so good, and so amiable too. He has besides the most pleasing and delightful exterior and appearance you can possibly see."[31] However at 17, Victoria, though interested in Albert, was not yet ready to marry. The parties did not undertake a formal engagement, but assumed that the match would take place in due time.[32]
Early reign[link]
Victoria turned 18 on 24 May 1837, and a regency was avoided. On 20 June 1837, William IV died at the age of 71, and Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom. In her diary she wrote, "I was awoke at 6 o'clock by Mamma, who told me the Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Conyngham were here and wished to see me. I got out of bed and went into my sitting-room (only in my dressing gown) and alone, and saw them. Lord Conyngham then acquainted me that my poor Uncle, the King, was no more, and had expired at 12 minutes past 2 this morning, and consequently that I am Queen."[33] Official documents prepared on the first day of her reign described her as Alexandrina Victoria, but the first name was withdrawn at her own wish and not used again.[34]
Since 1714, Britain had shared a monarch with Hanover in Germany, but under Salic law women were excluded from the Hanoverian succession. While Victoria inherited all the British dominions, Hanover passed instead to her father's younger brother, her unpopular uncle the Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, who became King Ernest Augustus I of Hanover. He was her heir presumptive until she married and had a child.[35]
At the time of her accession, the government was led by the Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne, who at once became a powerful influence on the politically inexperienced Queen, who relied on him for advice.[36] Charles Greville supposed that the widowed and childless Melbourne was "passionately fond of her as he might be of his daughter if he had one", and Victoria probably saw him as a father figure.[37] Her coronation took place on 28 June 1838, and she became the first sovereign to take up residence at Buckingham Palace.[38] She inherited the revenues of the duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall, and was granted a civil list of £385,000 per year. Financially prudent, she paid off her father's debts.[39]
At the start of her reign Victoria was popular,[40] but her reputation suffered in an 1839 court intrigue when one of her mother's ladies-in-waiting, Lady Flora Hastings, developed an abdominal growth that was widely rumoured to be an out-of-wedlock pregnancy by Sir John Conroy.[41] Victoria believed the rumours.[42] She hated Conroy, and despised "that odious Lady Flora",[43] because she had conspired with Conroy and the Duchess of Kent in the Kensington System.[44] At first, Lady Flora refused to submit to a naked medical examination, until in mid-February she eventually agreed, and was found to be a virgin.[45] Conroy, the Hastings family and the opposition Tories organised a press campaign implicating the Queen in the spreading of false rumours about Lady Flora.[46] When Lady Flora died in July, the post-mortem revealed a large tumour on her liver that had distended her abdomen.[47] At public appearances, Victoria was hissed and jeered as "Mrs. Melbourne".[48]
In 1839, Melbourne resigned after Radicals and Tories (both of whom Victoria detested) voted against a Bill to suspend the constitution of Jamaica. The Bill removed political power from plantation owners who were resisting measures associated with the abolition of slavery.[49] The Queen commissioned a Tory, Sir Robert Peel, to form a new ministry. At the time, it was customary for the prime minister to appoint members of the Royal Household, who were usually his political allies and their spouses. Many of the Queen's Ladies of the Bedchamber were wives of Whigs, and Peel expected to replace them with wives of Tories. In what became known as the bedchamber crisis, Victoria, advised by Melbourne, objected to their removal. Peel refused to govern under the restrictions imposed by the Queen, and consequently resigned his commission, allowing Melbourne to return to office.[50]
Marriage[link]
Though queen, as an unmarried young woman Victoria was required by social convention to live with her mother, despite their differences over the Kensington System and her mother's continued reliance on Conroy.[51] Her mother was consigned to a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace, and Victoria often refused to meet her.[52] When Victoria complained to Melbourne that her mother's close proximity promised "torment for many years", Melbourne sympathised but said it could be avoided by marriage, which Victoria called a "schocking [sic] alternative".[53] She showed interest in Albert's education for the future role he would have to play as her husband, but she resisted attempts to rush her into wedlock.[54]
Victoria continued to praise Albert following his second visit in October 1839. Albert and Victoria felt mutual affection and the Queen proposed to him on 15 October 1839, just five days after he had arrived at Windsor.[55] They were married on 10 February 1840, in the Chapel Royal of St. James's Palace, London. Victoria was besotted. She spent the evening after their wedding lying down with a headache, but wrote ecstatically in her diary:
I NEVER, NEVER spent such an evening!!! MY DEAREST DEAREST DEAR Albert ... his excessive love & affection gave me feelings of heavenly love & happiness I never could have hoped to have felt before! He clasped me in his arms, & we kissed each other again & again! His beauty, his sweetness & gentleness – really how can I ever be thankful enough to have such a Husband! ... to be called by names of tenderness, I have never yet heard used to me before – was bliss beyond belief! Oh! This was the happiest day of my life![56]
Albert became an important political adviser as well as the Queen's companion, replacing Lord Melbourne as the dominant, influential figure in the first half of her life.[57] Victoria's mother was evicted from the palace, to Ingestre House in Belgrave Square. After the death of Princess Augusta in 1840, Victoria's mother was given both Clarence and Frogmore Houses.[58] Through Albert's mediation, relations between mother and daughter slowly improved.[59]
During Victoria's first pregnancy in 1840, in the first few months of the marriage, 18-year-old Edward Oxford attempted to assassinate her while she was riding in a carriage with Prince Albert on her way to visit her mother. Oxford fired twice, but both bullets missed. He was tried for high treason and found guilty, but was acquitted on the grounds of insanity.[60] In the immediate aftermath of the attack, Victoria's popularity soared, mitigating residual discontent over the Hastings affair and the bedchamber crisis.[61] Her daughter, also named Victoria, was born on 21 November 1840. The Queen hated being pregnant,[62] viewed breast-feeding with disgust,[63] and thought newborn babies were ugly.[64] Nevertheless, she and Albert had a further eight children.
Victoria's household was largely run by her childhood governess, Baroness Louise Lehzen from Hanover. Lehzen had been a formative influence on Victoria,[65] and had supported her against the Kensington System.[66] Albert, however, thought Lehzen was incompetent, and that her mismanagement threatened the health of his daughter. After a furious row between Victoria and Albert over the issue, Lehzen was pensioned off, and Victoria's close relationship with her ended.[67]
1842–1860[link]
On 29 May 1842, Victoria was riding in a carriage along The Mall, London, when John Francis aimed a pistol at her but did not fire; he escaped. The following day, Victoria drove the same route, though faster and with a greater escort, in a deliberate attempt to provoke Francis to take a second aim and catch him in the act. As expected, Francis shot at her, but he was seized by plain clothes policemen, and convicted of high treason. On 3 July, two days after Francis's death sentence was commuted to transportation for life, John William Bean also fired a pistol at the Queen, but it was loaded only with paper and tobacco.[69] Edward Oxford felt that the attempts were encouraged by his acquittal in 1840. Bean was sentenced to 18 months in jail.[70] In a similar attack in 1849, unemployed Irishman William Hamilton fired a powder-filled pistol at Victoria's carriage as it passed along Constitution Hill, London.[71] In 1850, the Queen did sustain injury when she was assaulted by a possibly insane ex-army officer, Robert Pate. As Victoria was riding in a carriage, Pate struck her with his cane, crushing her bonnet and bruising her face. Both Hamilton and Pate were sentenced to seven years' transportation.[72]
Melbourne's support in the House of Commons weakened through the early years of Victoria's reign, and in the 1841 general election the Whigs were defeated. Peel became prime minister, and the Ladies of the Bedchamber most associated with the Whigs were replaced.[73]
In 1845, Ireland was hit by a potato blight.[74] In the next four years over a million Irish people died and another million emigrated in what became known as the Great Famine.[75] In Ireland, Victoria was labelled "The Famine Queen".[76][77] She personally donated £2,000 to famine relief, more than any other individual donor,[78] and also supported the Maynooth Grant to a Roman Catholic seminary in Ireland, despite Protestant opposition.[79] The story that she donated only £5 in aid to the Irish, and on the same day gave the same amount to Battersea Dogs Home, was a myth generated towards the end of the 19th century.[80]
By 1846, Peel's ministry faced a crisis involving the repeal of the Corn Laws. Many Tories—by then known also as Conservatives—were opposed to the repeal, but Peel, some Tories (the "Peelites"), most Whigs and Victoria supported it. Peel resigned in 1846, after the repeal narrowly passed, and was replaced by Lord John Russell.[81]
| Victoria's British Prime Ministers | |
| Year | Prime Minister (party) |
| 1835 | Viscount Melbourne (Whig) |
| 1841 | Sir Robert Peel (Conservative) |
| 1846 | Earl Russell (W) |
| 1852 (Feb.) | Earl of Derby (C) |
| 1852 (Dec.) | Earl of Aberdeen (Peelite) |
| 1855 | Viscount Palmerston (Liberal) |
| 1858 | Earl of Derby (C) |
| 1859 | Viscount Palmerston (L) |
| 1865 | Earl Russell (L) |
| 1866 | Earl of Derby (C) |
| 1868 (Feb.) | Benjamin Disraeli (C) |
| 1868 (Dec.) | William Gladstone (L) |
| 1874 | Benjamin Disraeli (C) |
| 1880 | William Gladstone (L) |
| 1885 | Marquess of Salisbury (C) |
| 1886 (Feb.) | William Gladstone (L) |
| 1886 (July) | Marquess of Salisbury (C) |
| 1892 | William Gladstone (L) |
| 1894 | Earl of Rosebery (L) |
| 1895 | Marquess of Salisbury (C) |
| See also List of British Prime Ministers and, for her British and Imperial premiers, List of Prime Ministers of Queen Victoria |
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Internationally, Victoria took a keen interest in the improvement of relations between France and Britain.[82] She made and hosted several visits between the British royal family and the House of Orleans, who were related by marriage through the Coburgs. In 1843 and 1845, she and Albert stayed with King Louis Philippe I at château d'Eu in Normandy; she was the first British or English monarch to visit a French one since the meeting of Henry VIII of England and Francis I of France on the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520.[83] When Louis Philippe made a reciprocal trip in 1844, he became the first French king to visit a British sovereign.[84] Louis Philippe was deposed in the revolutions of 1848, and fled to exile in England.[85] At the height of a revolutionary scare in the United Kingdom in April 1848, Victoria and her family left London for the greater safety of Osborne House,[86] a private estate on the Isle of Wight that they had purchased in 1845 and redeveloped.[87] Demonstrations by Chartists and Irish nationalists failed to attract widespread support, and the scare died down without any major disturbances.[88] Victoria's first visit to Ireland in 1849 was a public relations success, but it had no lasting impact or effect on the growth of Irish nationalism.[89]
Russell's ministry, though Whig, was not favoured by the Queen.[90] She found particularly offensive the Foreign Secretary, Lord Palmerston, who often acted without consulting the Cabinet, the Prime Minister, or the Queen.[91] Victoria complained to Russell that Palmerston sent official dispatches to foreign leaders without her knowledge, but Palmerston was retained in office and continued to act on his own initiative, despite her repeated remonstrances. It was only in 1851 that Palmerston was removed after he announced the British government's approval of President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte's coup in France without consulting the Prime Minister.[92] The following year, President Bonaparte was declared Emperor Napoleon III, by which time Russell's administration had been replaced by a short-lived minority government led by Lord Derby.
In 1853, Victoria gave birth to her eighth child, Leopold, with the aid of the new anaesthetic, chloroform. Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child, Beatrice, despite opposition from members of the clergy, who considered it against biblical teaching, and members of the medical profession, who thought it dangerous.[93] Victoria may have suffered from post-natal depression after many of her pregnancies.[94] Letters from Albert to Victoria intermittently complain of her loss of self-control. For example, about a month after Leopold's birth Albert complained in a letter to Victoria about her "continuance of hysterics" over a "miserable trifle".[95]
In early 1855, the government of Lord Aberdeen, who had replaced Derby, fell amidst recriminations over the poor management of British troops in the Crimean War. Victoria approached both Derby and Russell to form a ministry, but neither had sufficient support, and Victoria was forced to appoint Palmerston as prime minister.[96]
Napoleon III, since the Crimean War Britain's closest ally,[94] visited London in April 1855, and from 17 to 28 August the same year Victoria and Albert returned the visit.[97] Napoleon III met the couple at Dunkirk and accompanied them to Paris. They visited the Exposition Universelle (a successor to Albert's 1851 brainchild the Great Exhibition) and Napoleon I's tomb at Les Invalides (to which his remains had only been returned in 1840), and were guests of honour at a 1,200-guest ball at the Palace of Versailles.[98]
On 14 January 1858, an Italian refugee from Britain called Orsini attempted to assassinate Napoleon III with a bomb made in England.[99] The ensuing diplomatic crisis destabilised the government, and Palmerston resigned. Derby was reinstated as prime minister.[100] Victoria and Albert attended the opening of a new basin at the French military port of Cherbourg on 5 August 1858, in an attempt by Napoleon III to reassure Britain that his military preparations were directed elsewhere. On her return Victoria wrote to Derby reprimanding him for the poor state of the Royal Navy in comparison to the French one.[101] Derby's ministry did not last long, and in June 1859 Victoria recalled Palmerston to office.[102]
Eleven days after Orsini's assassination attempt in France, Victoria's eldest daughter married Prince Frederick William of Prussia in London. They had been betrothed since September 1855, when Princess Victoria was 14-years-old; the marriage was delayed by the Queen and Prince Albert until the bride was 17.[103] The Queen and Albert hoped that their daughter and son-in-law would be a liberalising influence in the enlarging Prussian state.[104] Victoria felt "sick at heart" to see her daughter leave England for Germany; "It really makes me shudder", she wrote to Princess Victoria in one of her frequent letters, "when I look round to all your sweet, happy, unconscious sisters, and think I must give them up too – one by one."[105] Almost exactly a year later, Princess Victoria gave birth to the Queen's first grandchild: Wilhelm.
Widowhood[link]
In March 1861, Victoria's mother died, with Victoria at her side. Through reading her mother's papers, Victoria discovered that her mother had loved her deeply;[106] she was heart-broken, and blamed Conroy and Lehzen for "wickedly" estranging her from her mother.[107] To relieve his wife during her intense and deep grief,[108] Albert took on most of her duties, despite being ill himself with chronic stomach trouble.[109] In August, Victoria and Albert visited their son, the Prince of Wales, who was attending army manoeuvres near Dublin, and spent a few days holiday in Killarney. In November, Albert was made aware of gossip that his son had slept with an actress in Ireland.[110] Appalled, Albert travelled to Cambridge, where his son was studying, to confront him.[111] By the beginning of December, Albert was very unwell.[112] He was diagnosed with typhoid fever by William Jenner, and died on 14 December 1861. Victoria was devastated.[113] She blamed her husband's death on worry over the Prince of Wales's philandering. He had been "killed by that dreadful business", she said.[114] She entered a state of mourning and wore black for the remainder of her life. She avoided public appearances, and rarely set foot in London in the following years.[115] Her seclusion earned her the name "widow of Windsor".[116]
Victoria's self-imposed isolation from the public diminished the popularity of the monarchy, and encouraged the growth of the republican movement.[117] She did undertake her official government duties, yet chose to remain secluded in her royal residences—Windsor Castle, Osborne House, and the private estate in Scotland that she and Albert had acquired in 1847, Balmoral Castle. In March 1864, a protester stuck a notice on the railings of Buckingham Palace that announced "these commanding premises to be let or sold in consequence of the late occupant's declining business".[118] Her uncle Leopold wrote to her advising her to appear in public. She agreed to visit the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at Kensington and take a drive through London in an open carriage.[119]
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Through the 1860s, Victoria relied increasingly on a manservant from Scotland, John Brown.[120] Slanderous rumours of a romantic connection and even a secret marriage appeared in print, and the Queen was referred to as "Mrs Brown".[121] The story of their relationship was the subject of the 1997 movie Mrs. Brown. A painting by Sir Edwin Landseer depicting the Queen with Brown was exhibited at the Royal Academy, and Victoria published a book, Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands, which featured Brown prominently and in which the Queen praised him highly.[122]
Palmerston died in 1865, and after a brief ministry led by Russell, Derby returned to power. In 1866, Victoria attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time since Albert's death.[123] The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 which doubled the electorate by extending the franchise to many urban working men,[124] though she was not in favour of votes for women.[125] Derby resigned in 1868, to be replaced by Benjamin Disraeli, who charmed Victoria. "Everyone likes flattery," he said, "and when you come to royalty you should lay it on with a trowel."[126] With the phrase "we authors, Ma'am", he complimented her.[127] Disraeli's ministry only lasted a matter of months, and at the end of the year his Liberal rival, William Ewart Gladstone, was appointed prime minister. Victoria found Gladstone's demeanour far less appealing; he spoke to her, she was supposed to have complained, as though she was "a public meeting rather than a woman".[128]
In 1870, republican sentiment in Britain, fed by the Queen's seclusion, was boosted after the establishment of the Third French Republic.[129] A republican rally in Trafalgar Square demanded Victoria's removal, and Radical MPs spoke against her.[130] In August and September 1871, she was seriously ill with an abscess in her arm, which Joseph Lister successfully lanced and treated with his new anti-septic carbolic acid spray.[131] In late November 1871, at the height of the republican movement, the Prince of Wales contracted typhoid fever, the disease that was believed to have killed his father, and Victoria was fearful her son would die.[132] As the tenth anniversary of her husband's death approached, her son's condition grew no better, and Victoria's distress continued.[133] To general rejoicing, he pulled through.[134] Mother and son attended a public parade through London and a grand service of thanksgiving in St Paul's Cathedral on 27 February 1872, and republican feeling subsided.[135]
On the last day of February 1872, two days after the thanksgiving service, 17-year-old Arthur O'Connor (great-nephew of Irish MP Feargus O'Connor) waved an unloaded pistol at Victoria's open carriage as it drove through the gates of Buckingham Palace. Brown, who was attending the Queen, grabbed him and O'Connor was later sentenced to 12 months' imprisonment.[136] As a result of the incident, Victoria's popularity recovered further.[137]
Empress of India[link]
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After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides.[138] She wrote of "her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war",[139] and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state "should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration".[140] At her behest, a reference threatening the "undermining of native religions and customs" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.[140]
In the 1874 general election, Disraeli was returned to power. He passed the Public Worship Regulation Act 1874, which removed Catholic rituals from the Anglican liturgy and which Victoria strongly supported.[141] She preferred short, simple services, and personally considered herself more aligned with the presbyterian Church of Scotland than the episcopal Church of England.[142] He also pushed the Royal Titles Act 1876 through Parliament, so that Victoria took the title "Empress of India" from 1 May 1876.[143] The new title was proclaimed at the Delhi Durbar of 1 January 1877.[144]
On 14 December 1878, the anniversary of Albert's death, Victoria's second daughter Alice, who had married Louis of Hesse, died of diphtheria in Darmstadt. Victoria noted the coincidence of the dates as "almost incredible and most mysterious".[145] In May 1879, she became a great-grandmother (on the birth of Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen) and passed her "poor old 60th birthday". She felt "aged" by "the loss of my beloved child".[146]
Between April 1877 and February 1878, she threatened five times to abdicate while pressuring Disraeli to act against Russia during the Russo-Turkish War, but her threats had no impact on the events or their conclusion with the Congress of Berlin.[147] Disraeli's expansionist foreign policy, which Victoria endorsed, led to conflicts such as the Anglo-Zulu War and the Second Anglo-Afghan War. "If we are to maintain our position as a first-rate Power", she wrote, "we must … be Prepared for attacks and wars, somewhere or other, CONTINUALLY."[148] Victoria saw the expansion of the British Empire as civilising and benign, protecting native peoples from more aggressive powers or cruel rulers: "It is not in our custom to annexe countries", she said, "unless we are obliged & forced to do so."[149] To Victoria's dismay, Disraeli lost the 1880 general election, and Gladstone returned as prime minister.[150] When Disraeli died the following year, she was blinded by "fast falling tears",[151] and erected a memorial tablet "placed by his grateful Sovereign and Friend, Victoria R.I."[152]
Later years[link]
On 2 March 1882, Roderick Maclean, a disgruntled poet apparently offended by Victoria's refusal to accept one of his poems,[153] shot at the Queen as her carriage left Windsor railway station. Two schoolboys from Eton College struck him with their umbrellas, until he was hustled away by a policeman.[154] Victoria was outraged when he was found not guilty by reason of insanity,[155] but was so pleased by the many expressions of loyalty after the attack that she said it was "worth being shot at—to see how much one is loved".[156]
On 17 March 1883, she fell down some stairs at Windsor, which left her lame until July; she never fully recovered and was plagued with rheumatism thereafter.[157] Brown died 10 days after her accident, and to the consternation of her private secretary, Sir Henry Ponsonby, Victoria began work on a eulogistic biography of Brown.[158] Ponsonby and Randall Davidson, Dean of Windsor, who had both seen early drafts, advised Victoria against publication, on the grounds that it would stoke the rumours of a love affair.[159] The manuscript was destroyed.[160] In early 1884, Victoria did publish More Leaves from a Journal of a Life in the Highlands, a sequel to her earlier book, which she dedicated to her "devoted personal attendant and faithful friend John Brown".[161] On the day after the first anniversary of Brown's death, Victoria was informed by telegram that her youngest son, Leopold, had died in Cannes. He was "the dearest of my dear sons", she lamented.[162] The following month, Victoria's youngest child, Beatrice, met and fell in love with Prince Henry of Battenberg at the wedding of Victoria's granddaughter Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine to Henry's brother Prince Louis of Battenberg. Beatrice and Henry planned to marry, but Victoria opposed the match at first, wishing to keep Beatrice at home to act as her companion. After a year, she was won around to the marriage by Henry and Beatrice's promise to remain living with and attending her.[163]
Victoria was pleased when Gladstone resigned in 1885 after his budget was defeated.[164] She thought his government was "the worst I have ever had", and blamed him for the death of General Gordon at Khartoum.[165] Gladstone was replaced by Lord Salisbury. Salisbury's government only lasted a few months, however, and Victoria was forced to recall Gladstone, whom she referred to as a "half crazy & really in many ways ridiculous old man".[166] Gladstone attempted to pass a bill granting Ireland home rule, but to Victoria's glee it was defeated.[167] In the ensuing election, Gladstone's party lost to Salisbury's and the government switched hands again.
Golden Jubilee[link]
File:Queen Victoria and Abdul Karim.jpg
Queen Victoria and the Munshi, Abdul Karim
In 1887, the British Empire celebrated Victoria's Golden Jubilee. Victoria marked the fiftieth anniversary of her accession on 20 June with a banquet to which 50 kings and princes were invited. The following day, she participated in a procession that, in the words of Mark Twain, "stretched to the limit of sight in both directions" and attended a thanksgiving service in Westminster Abbey.[168] By this time, Victoria was once again extremely popular.[169] Two days later on 23 June,[170] she engaged two Indian Muslims as waiters, one of whom was Abdul Karim. He was soon promoted to "Munshi": teaching her Hindi-Urdu, and acting as a clerk.[171] Her family and retainers were appalled, and accused Abdul Karim of spying for the Muslim Patriotic League, and biasing the Queen against the Hindus.[172] Equerry Frederick Ponsonby (the son of Sir Henry) discovered that the Munshi had lied about his parentage, and reported to Lord Elgin, Viceroy of India, "the Munshi occupies very much the same position as John Brown used to do."[173] Victoria dismissed their complaints as racial prejudice.[174] Abdul Karim remained in her service until he returned to India with a pension on her death.[175]
Victoria's eldest daughter became Empress consort of Germany in 1888, but she was widowed within the year, and Victoria's grandchild Wilhelm became German Emperor as Wilhelm II. Under Wilhelm, Victoria and Albert's hopes of a liberal Germany were not fulfilled. He believed in autocracy. Victoria thought he had "little heart or Zartgefühl [tact] – and ... his conscience & intelligence have been completely wharped [sic]".[176]
Gladstone returned to power aged over 82 after the 1892 general election. Victoria objected when Gladstone proposed appointing the Radical MP Henry Labouchere to the Cabinet, and so Gladstone agreed not to appoint him.[177] In 1894, Gladstone retired and, without consulting the outgoing prime minister, Victoria appointed Lord Rosebery as prime minister.[178] His government was weak, and the following year Lord Salisbury replaced him. Salisbury remained prime minister for the remainder of Victoria's reign.[179]
Diamond Jubilee[link]
On 23 September 1896, Victoria surpassed her grandfather George III as the longest-reigning monarch in English, Scottish, and British history. The Queen requested that any special celebrations be delayed until 1897, to coincide with her Diamond Jubilee,[180] which was made a festival of the British Empire at the suggestion of Colonial Secretary Joseph Chamberlain.[181]
The prime ministers of all the self-governing dominions were invited, and the Queen's Diamond Jubilee procession through London included troops from all over the empire. The parade paused for an open-air service of thanksgiving held outside St Paul's Cathedral, throughout which Victoria sat in her open carriage. The celebration was marked by great outpourings of affection for the septuagenarian Queen.[182]
Victoria visited mainland Europe regularly for holidays. In 1889, during a stay in Biarritz, she became the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain when she crossed the border for a brief visit.[183] By April 1900, the Boer War was so unpopular in mainland Europe that her annual trip to France seemed inadvisable. Instead, the Queen went to Ireland for the first time since 1861, in part to acknowledge the contribution of Irish regiments to the South African war.[184] In July, her second son Alfred ("Affie") died; "Oh, God! My poor darling Affie gone too", she wrote in her journal. "It is a horrible year, nothing but sadness & horrors of one kind & another."[185]
Death and succession[link]
Following a custom she maintained throughout her widowhood, Victoria spent the Christmas of 1900 at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. Rheumatism in her legs had rendered her lame, and her eyesight was clouded by cataracts.[186] Through early January, she felt "weak and unwell",[187] and by mid-January she was "drowsy ... dazed, [and] confused".[188] She died on Tuesday 22 January 1901 at half past six in the evening, at the age of 81.[189] Her son and successor King Edward VII, and her eldest grandson, Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany, were at her deathbed.[190]
In 1897, Victoria had written instructions for her funeral, which was to be military as befitting a soldier's daughter and the head of the army,[94] and white instead of black.[191] On 25 January, Edward VII, the Kaiser and Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught, helped lift her into the coffin.[192] She was dressed in a white dress and her wedding veil.[193] An array of mementos commemorating her extended family, friends and servants were laid in the coffin with her, at her request, by her doctor and dressers. One of Albert's dressing gowns was placed by her side, with a plaster cast of his hand, while a lock of John Brown's hair, along with a picture of him, were placed in her left hand concealed from the view of the family by a carefully positioned bunch of flowers.[94][194] Items of jewellery placed on Victoria included the wedding ring of John Brown's mother, given to her by Brown in 1883.[94] Her funeral was held on Saturday 2 February in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, and after two days of lying-in-state, she was interred beside Prince Albert in Frogmore Mausoleum at Windsor Great Park. As she was laid to rest at the mausoleum, it began to snow.[195]
Victoria is the longest-reigning British monarch and the longest-reigning queen regnant in world history; she reigned for a total of 63 years, seven months and two days. She was the last monarch of Britain from the House of Hanover. Her son and heir Edward VII belonged to her husband's House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
Legacy[link]
See also: Cultural depictions of Queen Victoria
According to one of her biographers, Giles St Aubyn, Victoria wrote an average of 2500 words a day during her adult life.[199] From July 1832 until just before her death, she kept a detailed journal, which eventually encompassed 122 volumes.[200] After Victoria's death, her youngest daughter, Princess Beatrice, was appointed her literary executor. Beatrice transcribed and edited the diaries covering Victoria's accession onwards, and burned the originals in the process.[201] Despite this destruction, much of the diaries still exist. In addition to Beatrice's edited copy, Lord Esher transcribed the volumes from 1832 to 1861 before Beatrice destroyed them.[202] Part of Victoria's extensive correspondence has been published in volumes edited by A. C. Benson, Hector Bolitho, George Earle Buckle, Lord Esher, Roger Fulford, and Richard Hough among others.[203]
Victoria was physically unprepossessing—she was stout, dowdy and no more than five feet tall—but she succeeded in projecting a grand image.[204] She experienced unpopularity during the first years of her widowhood, but was well liked during the 1880s and 1890s, when she embodied the empire as a benevolent matriarchal figure.[205] Only after the release of her diary and letters did the extent of her political influence become known to the wider public.[94][206] Biographies of Victoria written before much of the primary material became available, such as Lytton Strachey's Queen Victoria of 1921, are now considered out of date.[207] The biographies written by Elizabeth Longford and Cecil Woodham-Smith, in 1964 and 1972 respectively, are still widely admired.[208] They, and others, conclude that as a person Victoria was emotional, obstinate, honest, and straight-talking.[209]
Through Victoria's reign, the gradual establishment of a modern constitutional monarchy in Britain continued. Reforms of the voting system increased the power of the House of Commons at the expense of the House of Lords and the monarch.[210] In 1867, Walter Bagehot wrote that the monarch only retained "the right to be consulted, the right to encourage, and the right to warn".[211] As Victoria's monarchy became more symbolic than political, it placed a strong emphasis on morality and family values, in contrast to the sexual, financial and personal scandals that had been associated with previous members of the House of Hanover and which had discredited the monarchy. The concept of the "family monarchy", with which the burgeoning middle classes could identify, was solidified.[212]
Victoria's links with Europe's royal families earned her the nickname "the grandmother of Europe".[213] Victoria and Albert had 42 grandchildren, of whom 34 survived to adulthood. Their descendants include Elizabeth II, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Harald V of Norway, Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, Margrethe II of Denmark, Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofía of Spain.
One of Victoria's children, her youngest son, Leopold, was affected by the blood-clotting disease haemophilia B and two of her five daughters, Alice and Beatrice, were carriers. Royal haemophiliacs descended from Victoria included her great-grandsons, Tsarevich Alexei of Russia, Alfonso, Prince of Asturias, and Infante Gonzalo of Spain.[214] The presence of the disease in Victoria's descendants, but not in her ancestors, led to modern speculation that her true father was not the Duke of Kent but a haemophiliac.[215] There is no documentary evidence of a haemophiliac in connection with Victoria's mother, and as male carriers always suffer the disease, even if such a man had existed he would have been seriously ill.[216] It is more likely that the mutation arose spontaneously because Victoria's father was old at the time of her conception and haemophilia arises more frequently in the children of older fathers.[217] Spontaneous mutations account for about 30% of cases.[218]
Around the world, places and memorials are dedicated to her, especially in the Commonwealth nations. Places named after her, include the capital of the Seychelles, Africa's largest lake, Victoria Falls, the capitals of British Columbia (Victoria) and Saskatchewan (Regina), and two Australian states (Victoria and Queensland).
The Victoria Cross was introduced in 1856 to reward acts of valour during the Crimean War, and it remains the highest British, Canadian, Australian, and New Zealand award for bravery. Victoria Day is a Canadian statutory holiday and a local public holiday in parts of Scotland celebrated on the last Monday before or on 24 May (Queen Victoria's birthday).
Titles, styles, and arms[link]
Titles and styles[link]
- 24 May 1819 – 20 June 1837: Her Royal Highness Princess Alexandrina Victoria of Kent
- 20 June 1837 – 22 January 1901: Her Majesty The Queen
- 1 May 1876 – 22 January 1901: Her Imperial Majesty The Queen-Empress
At the end of her reign, the Queen's full style and title were: "Her Majesty Victoria, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen, Defender of the Faith, Empress of India."[219]
Arms[link]
Main article: Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom
Before her accession, Victoria received no grant of arms. As she could not succeed to the throne of Hanover, her arms as Sovereign did not carry the Hanoverian symbols that were used by her predecessors. Her arms have been borne by all of her successors on the throne, including the present Queen.
Outside Scotland, the shield of Victoria's coat of arms—also used on her Royal Standard—was: Quarterly: I and IV, Gules, three lions passant guardant in pale Or (for England); II, Or, a lion rampant within a double tressure flory-counter-flory Gules (for Scotland); III, Azure, a harp Or stringed Argent (for Ireland). Within Scotland, the first and fourth quarters are occupied by the Scottish lion, and the second by the English lions. The Lion and the Unicorn supporters also differ between Scotland and the rest of the United Kingdom.[220]
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Issue[link]
See also: Grandchildren of Victoria and Albert and Royal descendants of Queen Victoria and King Christian IX
| Name | Birth | Death | Spouse (years of birth & death) and children[219][221] |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Princess Victoria, Princess Royal |
184021 November 1840 |
19015 August 1901 |
Married 1858, Prussian Crown Prince Frederick, later Frederick III, German Emperor and King of Prussia (1831–1888); 4 sons, 4 daughters (including Wilhelm II, German Emperor and Sophia, Queen of Greece) |
| The Prince Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII |
18419 November 1841 |
19106 May 1910 |
Married 1863, Princess Alexandra of Denmark (1844–1925); 3 sons, 3 daughters (including King George V and Maud, Queen of Norway) |
| The Princess Alice | 184325 April 1843 |
187814 December 1878 |
Married 1862, Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (1837–1892); 2 sons, 5 daughters (including Alexandra, Empress of Russia) |
| The Prince Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duke of Edinburgh; Admiral of the Fleet |
18446 August 1844 |
190031 July 1900 |
Married 1874, Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (1853–1920); 2 sons (1 still-born), 4 daughters (including Marie, Queen of Romania) |
| The Princess Helena | 184625 May 1846 |
19239 June 1923 |
Married 1866, Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (1831–1917); 4 sons (1 still-born), 2 daughters |
| The Princess Louise | 184818 March 1848 |
19393 December 1939 |
Married 1871, John Douglas Sutherland Campbell (1845–1914), Marquess of Lorne, later 9th Duke of Argyll, also Governor-General of Canada (1878–83); no issue |
| The Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn; Field Marshal, Governor General of Canada (1911–1916) |
18501 May 1850 |
194216 January 1942 |
Married 1879, Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia (1860–1917); 1 son, 2 daughters |
| The Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany |
18537 April 1853 |
188428 March 1884 |
Married 1882, Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1861–1922); 1 son, 1 daughter |
| The Princess Beatrice | 185714 April 1857 |
1944 26 October 1944 |
Married 1885, Prince Henry of Battenberg (1858–1896); 3 sons, 1 daughter (including Victoria Eugenie, Queen of Spain) |
Ancestry[link]
| Ancestors of Queen Victoria | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Notes and references[link]
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 3–12; Strachey, pp. 1–17; Woodham-Smith, pp. 15–29
- ^ Her godparents were Emperor Alexander I of Russia (represented by her uncle the Duke of York), her uncle the Prince Regent, her aunt Queen Charlotte of Württemberg (represented by Victoria's aunt Princess Augusta) and Victoria's maternal grandmother the Dowager Duchess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (represented by Victoria's aunt Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh).
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 12–13; Longford, p. 23; Woodham-Smith, pp. 34–35
- ^ Longford, p. 24
- ^ Hibbert, p. 31; St Aubyn, p. 26; Woodham-Smith, p. 81
- ^ Hibbert, p. 46; Longford, p. 54; St Aubyn, p. 50; Waller, p. 344; Woodham-Smith, p. 126
- ^ Hibbert, p. 19; Marshall, p. 25
- ^ Hibbert, p. 27; Longford, pp. 35–38, 118–119; St Aubyn, pp. 21–22; Woodham-Smith, pp. 70–72. The rumours were false in the opinion of these biographers.
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 27–28; Waller, pp. 341–342; Woodham-Smith, pp. 63–65
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 32–33; Longford, pp. 38–39, 55; Marshall, p. 19
- ^ Lacey, Robert (2006) Great Tales from English History, Volume 3, London: Little, Brown, and Company, ISBN 0-316-11459-6, pp. 133–136
- ^ Waller, pp. 338–341; Woodham-Smith, pp. 68–69, 91
- ^ Hibbert, p. 18; Longford, p. 31; Woodham-Smith, pp. 74–75
- ^ Longford, p. 31; Woodham-Smith, p. 75
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 34–35
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 35–39; Woodham-Smith, pp. 88–89, 102
- ^ Hibbert, p. 36; Woodham-Smith, pp. 89–90
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 35–40; Woodham-Smith, pp. 92, 102
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 38–39; Longford, p. 47; Woodham-Smith, pp. 101–102
- ^ Hibbert, p. 42; Woodham-Smith, p. 105
- ^ Hibbert, p. 42; Longford, pp. 47–48; Marshall, p. 21
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 42, 50; Woodham-Smith, p. 135
- ^ Marshall, p. 46; St Aubyn, p. 67; Waller, p. 353
- ^ Longford, pp. 29, 51; Waller, p. 363; Weintraub, pp. 43–49
- ^ Longford, p. 51; Weintraub, pp. 43–49
- ^ Longford, pp. 51–52; St Aubyn, p. 43; Weintraub, pp. 43–49; Woodham-Smith, p. 117
- ^ Weintraub, pp. 43–49
- ^ Victoria quoted in Weintraub, p. 49 and Marshall, p. 27
- ^ Victoria quoted in Hibbert, p. 99; St Aubyn, p. 43; Weintraub, p. 49 and Woodham-Smith, p. 119
- ^ Victoria's journal, October 1835, quoted in St Aubyn, p. 36 and Woodham-Smith, p. 104
- ^ Hibbert, p. 102; Marshall, p. 60; Waller, p. 363; Weintraub, p. 51; Woodham-Smith, p. 122
- ^ Waller, pp. 363–364; Weintraub, pp. 53, 58, 64, and 65
- ^ St Aubyn, pp. 55–57; Woodham-Smith, p. 138
- ^ Woodham-Smith, p. 140
- ^ Packard, pp. 14–15
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 66–69; St Aubyn, p. 76; Woodham-Smith, pp. 143–147
- ^ Greville quoted in Hibbert, p. 67; Longford, p. 70 and Woodham-Smith, p. 143–144
- ^ St Aubyn, p. 69; Waller, p. 353
- ^ Hibbert, p. 58; Longford, pp. 73–74; Woodham-Smith, p. 152
- ^ Marshall, p. 42; St Aubyn, pp. 63, 96
- ^ Marshall, p. 47; Waller, p. 356; Woodham-Smith, pp. 164–166
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 77–78; Longford, p. 97; St Aubyn, p. 97; Waller, p. 357; Woodham-Smith, p. 164
- ^ Victoria's journal, 25 April 1838, quoted in Woodham-Smith, p. 162
- ^ St Aubyn, p. 96; Woodham-Smith, pp. 162, 165
- ^ Hibbert, p. 79; Longford, p. 98; St Aubyn, p. 99; Woodham-Smith, p. 167
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 80–81; Longford, pp. 102–103; St Aubyn, pp. 101–102
- ^ Longford, p. 122; Marshall, p. 57; St Aubyn, p. 104; Woodham-Smith, p. 180
- ^ Hibbert, p. 83; Longford, pp. 120–121; Marshall, p. 57; St Aubyn, p. 105; Waller, p. 358
- ^ St Aubyn, p. 107; Woodham-Smith, p. 169
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 94–96; Marshall, pp. 53–57; St Aubyn, pp. 109–112; Waller, pp. 359–361; Woodham-Smith, pp. 170–174
- ^ Longford, p. 84; Marshall, p. 52
- ^ Longford, p. 72; Waller, p. 353
- ^ Woodham-Smith, p. 175
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 103–104; Marshall, pp. 60–66; Weintraub, p. 62
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 107–110; St Aubyn, pp. 129–132; Weintraub, pp. 77–81; Woodham-Smith, pp. 182–184, 187
- ^ Hibbert, p. 123; Longford, p. 143; Woodham-Smith, p. 205
- ^ St Aubyn, p. 151
- ^ Hibbert, p. 265, Woodham-Smith, p. 256
- ^ Marshall, p. 152; St Aubyn, pp. 174–175; Woodham-Smith, p. 412
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 421–422; St Aubyn, pp. 160–161
- ^ Woodham-Smith, p. 213
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 130; Longford, p. 154; Marshall, p. 122; St Aubyn, p. 159; Woodham-Smith, p. 220
- ^ Hibbert, p. 149; St Aubyn, p. 169
- ^ Hibbert, p. 149; Longford, p. 154; Marshall, p. 123; Waller, p. 377
- ^ Woodham-Smith, p. 100
- ^ Longford, p. 56; St Aubyn, p. 29
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 150–156; Marshall, p. 87; St Aubyn, pp. 171–173; Woodham-Smith, pp. 230–232
- ^ Queen Victoria and the Princess Royal, Royal Collection, http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/eGallery/object.asp?searchText=2931317%2Ec&x=5&y=15&object=2931317c&row=0&detail=about, retrieved 30 July 2010
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 422–423; St Aubyn, pp. 162–163
- ^ Hibbert, p. 423; St Aubyn, p. 163
- ^ Longford, p. 192
- ^ St Aubyn, p. 164
- ^ Marshall, pp. 95–101; St Aubyn, pp. 153–155; Woodham-Smith, pp. 221–222
- ^ Woodham-Smith, p. 281
- ^ Longford, p. 359
- ^ The title of Maud Gonne's 1900 article upon Queen Victoria's visit to Ireland
- ^ "Famine Queen row in Irish port", BBC News, 15 April 2003, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/2951395.stm, retrieved 9 April 2010
- ^ Kinealy, Christine, Private Responses to the Famine, University College Cork, http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/Private_Responses_to_the_Famine3344361812, retrieved 27 October 2010
- ^ Longford, p. 181
- ^ Kenny, Mary (2009) Crown and Shamrock: Love and Hate Between Ireland and the British Monarchy, Dublin: New Island, ISBN 1-905494-98-X
- ^ St Aubyn, p. 215
- ^ St Aubyn, p. 238
- ^ Longford, pp. 175, 187; St Aubyn, pp. 238, 241; Woodham-Smith, pp. 242, 250
- ^ Woodham-Smith, p. 248
- ^ Hibbert, p. 198; Longford, p. 194; St Aubyn, p. 243; Woodham-Smith, pp. 282–284
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 201–202; Marshall, p. 139; St Aubyn, pp. 222–223; Woodham-Smith, pp. 287–290
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 161–164; Marshall, p. 129; St Aubyn, pp. 186–190; Woodham-Smith, pp. 274–276
- ^ Longford, pp. 196–197; St Aubyn, p. 223; Woodham-Smith, pp. 287–290
- ^ Longford, p. 191; Woodham-Smith, p. 297
- ^ St Aubyn, p. 216
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 196–198; St Aubyn, p. 244; Woodham-Smith, pp. 298–307
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 204–209; Marshall, pp. 108–109; St Aubyn, pp. 244–254; Woodham-Smith, pp. 298–307
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 216–217; St Aubyn, pp. 257–258
- ^ a b c d e f g Matthew, H. C. G.; Reynolds, K. D. (2004; online edition October 2009) "Victoria (1819–1901)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/36652, retrieved 18 October 2010 (subscription required for online access)
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 217–220; Woodham-Smith, pp. 328–331
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 227–228; Longford, pp. 245–246; St Aubyn, p. 297; Woodham-Smith, pp. 354–355
- ^ Woodham-Smith, pp. 357–360
- ^ 1855 visit of Queen Victoria, Château de Versailles, http://en.chateauversailles.fr/history/the-significant-dates/most-important-dates/1855-visit-of-queen-victoria, retrieved 9 March 2011
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 241–242; Longford, pp. 280–281; St Aubyn, p. 304; Woodham-Smith, p. 391
- ^ Hibbert, p. 242; Longford, p. 281; Marshall, p. 117
- ^ Napoleon III Receiving Queen Victoria at Cherbourg, 5 August 1858, National Maritime Museum, http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=BHC0637, retrieved 9 March 2011
- ^ Hibbert, p. 255; Marshall, p. 117
- ^ Longford, pp. 259–260; Weintraub, pp. 326 ff.
- ^ Longford, p. 263; Weintraub, pp. 326, 330
- ^ Hibbert, p. 244
- ^ Hibbert, p. 267; Longford, pp. 118, 290; St Aubyn, p. 319; Woodham-Smith, p. 412
- ^ Hibbert, p. 267; Marshall, p. 152; Woodham-Smith, p. 412
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 265–267; St Aubyn, p. 318; Woodham-Smith, pp. 412–413
- ^ Waller, p. 393; Weintraub, p. 401
- ^ Hibbert, p. 274; Longford, p. 293; St Aubyn, p. 324; Woodham-Smith, p. 417
- ^ Longford, p. 293; Marshall, p. 153; Strachey, p. 214
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 276–279; St Aubyn, p. 325; Woodham-Smith, pp. 422–423
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 280–292; Marshall, p. 154
- ^ Hibbert, p. 299; St Aubyn, p. 346
- ^ St Aubyn, p. 343
- ^ e.g. Strachey, p. 306
- ^ Marshall, pp. 170–172; St Aubyn, p. 385
- ^ Hibbert, p. 310; Longford, p. 321; St Aubyn, pp. 343–344; Waller, p. 404
- ^ Hibbert, p. 310; Longford, p. 322
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 323–324; Marshall, pp. 168–169; St Aubyn, p. 356–362
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 321–322; Longford, pp. 327–328; Marshall, p. 170
- ^ Hibbert, p. 329; St Aubyn, pp. 361–362
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 311–312; Longford, p. 347; St Aubyn, p. 369
- ^ St Aubyn, pp. 374–375
- ^ Marshall, p. 199; Strachey, p. 299
- ^ Hibbert, p. 318; Longford, p. 401; St Aubyn, p. 427; Strachey, p. 254
- ^ Buckle, George Earle; Monypenny, W. F. (1910–20) The Life of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield, vol. 5, p. 49, quoted in Strachey, p. 243
- ^ Hibbert, p. 320; Strachey, pp. 246–247
- ^ Longford, p. 381; St Aubyn, pp. 385–386; Strachey, p. 248
- ^ St Aubyn, pp. 385–386; Strachey, pp. 248–250
- ^ Longford, p. 385
- ^ Hibbert, p. 343
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 343–344; Longford, p. 389; Marshall, p. 173
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 344–345
- ^ Hibbert, p. 345; Longford, pp. 390–391; Marshall, p. 176; St Aubyn, p. 388
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 426–427; St Aubyn, pp. 388–389
- ^ Hibbert, p. 427; Marshall, p. 176; St Aubyn, p. 389
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 249–250; Woodham-Smith, pp. 384–385
- ^ Woodham-Smith, p. 386
- ^ a b Hibbert, p. 251; Woodham-Smith, p. 386
- ^ Hibbert, p. 361; Longford, p. 402; Marshall, pp. 180–184; Waller, p. 423
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 295–296; Waller, p. 423
- ^ Hibbert, p. 361; Longford, pp. 405–406; Marshall, p. 184; St Aubyn, p. 434; Waller, p. 426
- ^ Waller, p. 427
- ^ Victoria's diary and letters quoted in Longford, p. 425
- ^ Victoria quoted in Longford, p. 426
- ^ Longford, pp. 412–413
- ^ Longford, p. 426
- ^ Longford, p. 411
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 367–368; Longford, p. 429; Marshall, p. 186; St Aubyn, pp. 442–444; Waller, pp. 428–429
- ^ Letter from Victoria to Montagu Corry, 1st Baron Rowton, quoted in Hibbert, p. 369
- ^ Longford, p. 437
- ^ Hibbert, p. 420; St Aubyn, p. 422
- ^ Hibbert, p. 420; St Aubyn, p. 421
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 420–421; St Aubyn, p. 422; Strachey, p. 278
- ^ Hibbert, p. 427; Longford, p. 446; St Aubyn, p. 421
- ^ Longford, pp. 451–452
- ^ Longford, p. 454; St Aubyn, p. 425; Hibbert, p. 443
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 443–444; St Aubyn, pp. 425–426
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 443–444; Longford, p. 455
- ^ Hibbert, p. 444; St Aubyn, p. 424; Waller, p. 413
- ^ Longford, p. 461
- ^ Longford, pp. 477–478
- ^ Hibbert, p. 373; St Aubyn, p. 458
- ^ Waller, p. 433; see also Hibbert, pp. 370–371 and Marshall, pp. 191–193
- ^ Hibbert, p. 373; Longford, p. 484
- ^ Hibbert, p. 374; Longford, p. 491; Marshall, p. 196; St Aubyn, pp. 460–461
- ^ Queen Victoria, Royal Household, http://www.royal.gov.uk/HMTheQueen/TheQueenandspecialanniversaries/HistoryofJubilees/QueenVictoria.aspx, retrieved 26 February 2011
- ^ Marshall, pp. 210–211; St Aubyn, pp. 491–493
- ^ Longford, p. 502
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 447–448; Longford, p. 508; St Aubyn, p. 502; Waller, p. 441
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 448–449
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 449–451
- ^ Hibbert, p. 447; Longford, p. 539; St Aubyn, p. 503; Waller, p. 442
- ^ Hibbert, p. 454
- ^ Hibbert, p. 382
- ^ Hibbert, p. 375; Longford, p. 519
- ^ Hibbert, p. 376; Longford, p. 530; St Aubyn, p. 515
- ^ Hibbert, p. 377
- ^ Hibbert, p. 456
- ^ Longford, p. 546; St Aubyn, pp. 545–546
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 457–458; Marshall, pp. 206–207, 211; St Aubyn, pp. 546–548
- ^ Hibbert, p. 436; St Aubyn, p. 508
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 437–438; Longford, pp. 554–555; St Aubyn, p. 555
- ^ Longford, p. 558
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 464–466, 488–489; Strachey, p. 308; Waller, p. 442
- ^ Victoria's journal, 1 January 1901, quoted in Hibbert, p. 492; Longford, p. 559 and St Aubyn, p. 592
- ^ Her personal physician Sir James Reid, quoted in Hibbert, p. 492
- ^ Longford, p. 562
- ^ Longford, p. 561; St Aubyn, p. 598
- ^ Hibbert, p. 497; Longford, p. 563
- ^ St Aubyn, p. 598
- ^ Longford, p. 563
- ^ Hibbert, p. 498
- ^ Longford, p. 565; St Aubyn, p. 600
- ^ Fulford, Roger (1967) "Victoria", Collier's Encyclopedia, United States: Crowell, Collier and Macmillan Inc., vol. 23, p. 127
- ^ Ashley, Mike (1998) British Monarchs, London: Robinson, ISBN 1-84119-096-9, p. 690
- ^ Example from a letter written by lady-in-waiting Marie Mallet née Adeane, quoted in Hibbert, p. 471
- ^ Hibbert, p. xv; St Aubyn, p. 340
- ^ St Aubyn, p. 30; Woodham-Smith, p. 87
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 503–504; St Aubyn, p. 30; Woodham-Smith, pp. 88, 436–437
- ^ Hibbert, p. 503
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 503–504; St Aubyn, p. 624
- ^ Hibbert, pp. 61–62; Longford, pp. 89, 253; St Aubyn, pp. 48, 63–64
- ^ Marshall, p. 210; Waller, pp. 419, 434–435, 443
- ^ Waller, p. 439
- ^ St Aubyn, p. 624
- ^ Hibbert, p. 504; St Aubyn, p. 623
- ^ e.g. Hibbert, p. 352; Strachey, p. 304; Woodham-Smith, p. 431
- ^ Waller, p. 429
- ^ Bagehot, Walter (1867) The English Constitution, London:Chapman and Hall, p. 103
- ^ St Aubyn, pp. 602–603; Strachey, pp. 303–304; Waller, pp. 366, 372, 434
- ^ Erickson, Carolly (1997) Her Little Majesty: The Life of Queen Victoria, New York: Simon & Schuster, ISBN 0-7432-3657-2
- ^ Rogaev, Evgeny I. et al. (2009) "Genotype Analysis Identifies the Cause of the 'Royal Disease'", Science, vol. 326, no. 5954, p. 817, doi:10.1126/science.1180660, retrieved 13 October 2010
- ^ Potts and Potts, pp. 55–65, quoted in Hibbert p. 217; Packard, pp. 42–43
- ^ Jones, Steve (1996) In the Blood, BBC documentary
- ^ McKusick, Victor A. (1965) "The Royal Hemophilia", Scientific American, vol. 213, p. 91; Jones, Steve (1993) The Language of the Genes, London: HarperCollins, ISBN 0-00-255020-2, p. 69; Jones, Steve (1996) In The Blood: God, Genes and Destiny, London: HarperCollins, ISBN 0-00-255511-5, p. 270; Rushton, Alan R. (2008) Royal Maladies: Inherited Diseases in the Royal Houses of Europe, Victoria, British Columbia: Trafford, ISBN 1-4251-6810-8, pp. 31–32
- ^ Hemophilia B (Factor IX), National Hemophilia Foundation, http://www.hemophilia.org/NHFWeb/MainPgs/MainNHF.aspx?menuid=181&contentid=46&rptname=bleeding, retrieved 20 June 2010
- ^ a b Whitaker's Almanack (1900) Facsimile Reprint 1998, London: Stationery Office, ISBN 0-11-702247-0, p. 86
- ^ Patterson, Stephen (1996) Royal Insignia, London: Merrell Holberton, ISBN 978-1-85894-025-0
- ^ Whitaker's Almanack (1993) Concise Edition, London: J. Whitaker and Sons, ISBN 0-85021-232-4, pp. 134–136
Bibliography[link]
- Hibbert, Christopher (2000) Queen Victoria: A Personal History, London: HarperCollins, ISBN 0-00-638843-4
- Longford, Elizabeth (1964) Victoria R.I., London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, ISBN 0-297-17001-5
- Marshall, Dorothy (1972) The Life and Times of Queen Victoria, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, ISBN 0-297-83166-6 [1992 reprint]
- Packard, Jerrold M. (1998) Victoria's Daughters, New York: St. Martin's Press, ISBN 0-312-24496-7
- Potts, D. M.; Potts, W. T. W. (1995) Queen Victoria's Gene: Haemophilia and the Royal Family, Stroud: Alan Sutton, ISBN 0-7509-1199-9
- St Aubyn, Giles (1991) Queen Victoria: A Portrait, London: Sinclair-Stevenson, ISBN 1-85619-086-2
- Strachey, Lytton (1921) Queen Victoria, London: Chatto and Windus online edition
- Waller, Maureen (2006) Sovereign Ladies: The Six Reigning Queens of England, London: John Murray, ISBN 0-7195-6628-2
- Weintraub, Stanley (1997) Albert: Uncrowned King, London: John Murray, ISBN 0-7195-5756-9
- Woodham-Smith, Cecil (1972) Queen Victoria: Her Life and Times 1819–1861, London: Hamish Hamilton, ISBN 0-241-02200-2
Published primary sources[link]
- Benson, A.C.; Esher, Viscount (editors, 1907) The Letters of Queen Victoria: A Selection of Her Majesty's Correspondence Between the Years 1837 and 1861, London: John Murray online edition
- Bolitho, Hector (editor, 1938) Letters of Queen Victoria from the Archives of the House of Brandenburg-Prussia, London: Thornton Butterworth
- Buckle, George Earle (editor, 1926) The Letters of Queen Victoria, 2nd Series 1862–1885, London: John Murray
- Buckle, George Earle (editor, 1930) The Letters of Queen Victoria, 3rd Series 1886–1901, London: John Murray
- Connell, Brian (1962) Regina v. Palmerston: The Correspondence between Queen Victoria and her Foreign and Prime Minister, 1837–1865, London: Evans Brothers
- Duff, David (editor, 1968) Victoria in the Highlands: The Personal Journal of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, London: Muller
- Dyson, Hope; Tennyson, Charles (editors, 1969) Dear and Honoured Lady: The Correspondence between Queen Victoria and Alfred Tennyson, London: Macmillan
- Esher, Viscount (editor, 1912) The Girlhood of Queen Victoria: A Selection from Her Majesty's Diaries, 1832–40, London: John Murray online edition; vol 2 online
- Fulford, Roger (editor, 1964) Dearest Child: Letters Between Queen Victoria and the Princess Royal, 1858–61, London: Evans Brothers
- Fulford, Roger (editor, 1968) Dearest Mama: Letters Between Queen Victoria and the Crown Princess of Prussia, 1861–64, London: Evans Brothers
- Fulford, Roger (editor, 1971) Beloved Mama: Private Correspondence of Queen Victoria and the German Crown Princess, 1878–85, London: Evans Brothers
- Fulford, Roger (editor, 1971) Your Dear Letter: Private Correspondence of Queen Victoria and the Crown Princess of Prussia, 1863–71, London: Evans Brothers
- Fulford, Roger (editor, 1976) Darling Child: Private Correspondence of Queen Victoria and the German Crown Princess of Prussia, 1871–78, London: Evans Brothers
- Hibbert, Christopher (editor, 1984) Queen Victoria in Her Letters and Journals, London: John Murray, ISBN 0-7195-4107-7
- Hough, Richard (editor, 1975) Advice to a Grand-daughter: Letters from Queen Victoria to Princess Victoria of Hesse, London: Heinemann, ISBN 0-434-34861-9
- Jagow, Kurt (editor, 1938) Letters of the Prince Consort 1831–61, London: John Murray
- Mortimer, Raymond (editor, 1961) Queen Victoria: Leaves from a Journal, New York: Farrar, Straus & Cudahy
- Ponsonby, Sir Frederick (editor, 1930) Letters of the Empress Frederick, London: Macmillan
- Ramm, Agatha (editor, 1990) Beloved and Darling Child: Last Letters between Queen Victoria and Her Eldest Daughter, 1886–1901, Stroud: Sutton Publishing, ISBN 978-0-86299-880-6
- Victoria, Queen (1868) Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands from 1848 to 1861, London: Smith, Elder online edition
- Victoria, Queen (1884) More Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands from 1862 to 1882, London: Smith, Elder
Further reading[link]
- Arnstein, Walter L. (2003) Queen Victoria, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 978-0-333-63806-4
- Gardiner, Juliet (1997) Queen Victoria, London: Collins and Brown, ISBN 978-1-85585-469-7
- Weintraub, Stanley (1987) Victoria: Biography of a Queen, London: HarperCollins, ISBN 978-0-04-923084-2
External links[link]
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Wikisource has original works written by or about: |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Queen Victoria |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Queen Victoria |
- Footage of Queen Victoria's Funeral, 1901
- Works by Queen Victoria at archive.org
- The Death of Queen Victoria Original reports from The Times
- Archival material relating to Queen Victoria listed at the UK National Register of Archives
- Historical Images related to Victoria at English Heritage
- Portraits of Queen Victoria at the National Portrait Gallery, London
- Queen Victoria's journals
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Queen Victoria
Cadet branch of the House of Welf
Born: 24 May 1819 Died: 22 January 1901 |
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| Regnal titles | ||
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| Preceded by William IV |
Queen of the United Kingdom 20 June 1837 – 22 January 1901 |
Succeeded by Edward VII |
| Vacant
Title last held by
Bahadur Shah IIas Mughal emperor |
Empress of India 1 May 1876 – 22 January 1901 |
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| British royalty | ||
| Preceded by Prince William, Duke of Clarence |
Heir to the throne as heiress presumptive 26 June 1830 – 20 June 1837 |
Succeeded by Ernest Augustus I of Hanover |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Queen Victoria |
| Alternative names | Alexandrina Victoria |
| Short description | Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837, and the first Empress of India from 1 May 1876, until her death on 22 January 1901. The period centred on her reign is known as the Victorian era. |
| Date of birth | 24 May 1819 |
| Place of birth | Kensington Palace, London, England |
| Date of death | 22 January 1901 |
| Place of death | Osborne House, Isle of Wight, England |
http://wn.com/Queen_Victoria
Related pages:
http://de.wn.com/Victoria (Vereinigtes Königreich)
http://es.wn.com/Victoria del Reino Unido
http://ru.wn.com/Виктория (королева Великобритании)
http://cs.wn.com/Viktorie (britská královna)
http://pt.wn.com/Vitória do Reino Unido
http://pl.wn.com/Wiktoria Hanowerska
http://hi.wn.com/विक्टोरिया
http://it.wn.com/Vittoria del Regno Unito
http://id.wn.com/Victoria dari Britania Raya
http://nl.wn.com/Victoria van het Verenigd Koninkrijk
http://fr.wn.com/Victoria du Royaume-Uni
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Victoria
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Not to be confused with Sasha (deejay).
| Alexander Paul Coe | |
|---|---|
 Sasha at a performance with Lee Burridge on 27 April 2006 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Alexander Paul Coe |
| Also known as | DJ Sasha |
| Born | (1969-09-04) 4 September 1969 (age 42) |
| Origin | Bangor, Caernarfonshire, Wales, United Kingdom |
| Genres | House[1], Progressive House |
| Occupations | Disc jockey, Record producer |
| Years active | 1989–present |
| Labels | Global Underground, Deconstruction, Boxed, Ministry of Sound, emFire |
| Associated acts | Sasha & John Digweed, BT |
| Website | djsasha.com |
Sasha (born Alexander Paul Coe[2] on 4 September 1969 in Bangor, Caernarfonshire, Wales) is a Welsh DJ and record producer. Sasha began his career playing acid house dance music in the late 1980s. He partnered with fellow DJ John Digweed in 1993, touring internationally and producing a series of mixes (compilations of other artists work played in a continuous fashion).[3]
Sasha has produced multiple UK-charting singles[4] and has remixed tracks for artists such as Madonna and The Chemical Brothers. His remix of Felix da Housecat's "Watching Cars Go By" earned him a 2004 Grammy nomination. Sasha's remixing and production often combine electronic music genres, making it difficult for critics to pinpoint his musical style,[5] including on his debut album of original work, Airdrawndagger.[6]
After achieving success as a producer and DJ, Sasha worked with younger DJs and producers such as BT and James Zabiela, influencing their musical styles and techniques. His use of live audio engineering equipment helped popularise technological innovations among DJs who formerly relied on records and turntables.[7] Despite the changing trends in electronic dance music, Sasha continues to perform in large dance venues.[8] In 2007, he formed a record label with Renaissance Records called emFire, which is the exclusive outlet for his new music.
Contents |
Early years[link]
Sasha was born in Bangor, Wales on September 4, 1969, but spent most of his youth with his mother in the Welsh town of Sandycroft, Flintshire, North Wales. Sasha's mother, taught French at Hawarden High School. Sasha's early musical taste was primarily Top 40 pop music like The The and The Police.[9] After an "idyllic childhood", he passed the entrance exam for Epsom College at age 17.[9] However, he did not like Epsom and left before completing his Advanced Level (an academic qualification in England, Wales and Northern Ireland). Instead of continuing his schooling, Sasha moved to Bangor to live with his father and stepmother. Sasha's stepmother forced him to take piano lessons which, although he disliked them at the time, Sasha ultimately found to be beneficial to his music career.[10]
Sasha became aware of electronic dance music in 1988 at The Haçienda, a Manchester dance venue.[11] Drawn to the rough sound of acid house music and the rebellious attitude he associated with it, he visited Manchester weekly and soon moved to nearby Disley.[12] Sasha purchased many acid house records and began to teach himself how to mix. A local DJ at a club Sasha frequented announced that he was looking for other DJs to travel with him on a regional tour. Sasha volunteered and made his first live appearance in nearby Stockport. Sasha recalled of his debut, "I'd never even touched a Technics: I thought the pitch control was the volume, I didn't even know where to plug my headphones in! I'm sure I was absolutely horrendous."[10]
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Featuring vocalist Sam Mollison, "Magic" reached #32 on the UK Singles Chart. It was remixed by artists such as John Digweed and Way Out West.
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Sasha soon found himself in debt due to low-paying performances and the many records he bought.[11] To finance his record collection, he performed at illegal warehouse raves in the Blackburn and Blackpool areas. With the assistance of another local DJ, Jon DaSilva, Sasha secured work at The Haçienda, where he learned key mixing (matching melodic keys) from DaSilva and refined his ability to beatmatch (to synchronize the beats of two simultaneously playing records). Though he enjoyed playing at The Haçienda, in 1990 Sasha left for a club called Shelley's Laserdrome in Stoke-on-Trent.[11] There, he established part of his signature sound by mixing euphoric Acid House music with Italian piano house and emotional a cappellas.[10] Because of his increased popularity and visibility at Shelley's, Mixmag featured Sasha on its first cover, under the headline "SASHA MANIA - THE FIRST DJ PINUP?".[12] While continuing to DJ, Sasha began to produce several of his own dance tracks. This, he later noted, was contrary to the career paths of many successful DJs, for whom it was more common to start out as producers.[13] Upon signing a recording contract, he also set up an entire recording studio at the same time, which led to a "painful learning curve" at the outset.[13] He released his first single, "Appolonia", under the name BM:Ex with producer Tom Frederikse on Union City Recordings. After DJing at Shelley's for several years, Sasha left his position because of increasing gang violence in and around the club. As a result of his growing reputation, Sasha was offered work in several London and Australian clubs.[11] He accepted, instead, a spot in the DJ rotation at Renaissance a club night started by Geoff Oakes at Venue 44 in Mansfield, England.
Later in 1993, Sasha produced "Together", his first single under the name Sasha. "Together", which he produced with Danny Campbell for Pete Tong's FFRR, peaked on the UK Singles Chart at #57. With this success, Sasha began a series of records for Deconstruction Records with the singles "Higher Ground" and "Magic" (for which Digweed produced a remix) and The Qat Collection with Frederikse and vocalist Sam Mollison.[14]
Digweed era[link]
Main article: Sasha & John Digweed
In early 1993, Sasha partnered with fellow Renaissance DJ John Digweed.[3] Sasha and Digweed honed their DJing skills, often performing in tandem and focusing on track selection and technical mixing abilities. Renaissance was pleased with their performances, and had the duo compile the triple-CD mix album Renaissance - The Mix Collection, releasing it on the club's own Renaissance Records label.[11] The album featured tracks from such artists as Leftfield, Fluke, and 2 Bad Mice, and original productions and remixes from Sasha and Digweed. The Mix Collection was released soon after Sasha's departure from Renaissance in April 1994. Following his success at Renaissance, Sasha was again featured on Mixmag with the tagline "SON OF GOD?", though he resented the accolade.[15] After touring together for two years, the duo became "true superstars"[3] with the release of their double CD Northern Exposure on mega-label Ministry of Sound. Around this time, Sasha began a recurring mentorship and partnership with fellow producer BT with the album Ima.[11] As well as providing guidance for BT, Sasha produced a "euphoric" and "introspective" 42-minute rendition of the album which formed the centrepiece of the UK release and appeared as a "bonus" second disc on the US release.[16] He continued to advance his own production work by pairing with vocalist Maria Nayler to produce the single "Be as One", which reached #17 on the UK singles chart.[17]
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Sasha's progressive trance track "Xpander" from the Xpander EP marked his first collaboration with co-producer Charlie May.
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In 1997, Ministry of Sound released Northern Exposure 2, Sasha and Digweed's next double-CD entry in their Northern Exposure series. To support the album, the duo toured internationally, and in the process helped to define the sound of trance music in the late 1990s.[3] After extensive touring, Digweed and Sasha took up residency at New York City's famous Twilo nightclub, where they would DJ for the entire night.[18] In 1998, the two released separate mix albums on the Boxed label, as part of the Global Underground series: Digweed's Global Underground 006: Sydney, and Sasha's Global Underground 009: San Francisco, which drew from his experience touring on the West Coast of the United States. Both DJs formed their own record labels that year: Sasha created Excession Records and Digweed started Bedrock Records. Excession released fewer than ten records, the last in 1998; the experience, however, led Sasha to found the management agency "Excession: The Agency LTD." Excession remains a booking agency for many DJs, including Hybrid, Nick Warren, and Steve Lawler.[19]
Sasha reached a more mainstream audience with his remixes of Madonna's "Ray of Light" and GusGus's "Purple" for those artists' single releases. His success in pop music led him to score the music for the PlayStation video game Wipeout 3.[20] In 1999, Sasha and Digweed reunited in the studio to record their third edition in the Northern Exposure series, Northern Exposure: Expeditions.[3] In addition to mixing and DJing, Sasha joined Charlie May of Spooky to produce the Xpander EP,[21] the title track of which many clubbers still view as "one of the greatest trance tracks of all time".[22] He used the title track as a centerpiece for Global Underground 013: Ibiza, his second Global Underground release. Sasha continued his collaborations with BT on the track "Ride", which was released as a single on Yoshitoshi Records and on BT's Movement in Still Life. Soon after, he worked with Underworld's Darren Emerson on the single "Scorchio", Sasha's first charting single in four years. In between touring and producing original material, Sasha and Digweed released the mix album Communicate in 2000, prompting them to temporarily leave their Twilo residency for a promotional tour of the United States. Communicate had mixed reviews: Spin stated that despite a "few stellar moments, [Communicate] is ultimately a let-down". LAUNCHcast, too, described Communicate as "boring and lackluster...stalled in a monochrome world of dead beats".[23]
During the late 1990s, the increased popularity and visibility of "superstar DJs" led to the creation of superclubs such as Liverpool's Cream and Sheffield's Gatecrasher. By 2003, however, electronic dance music clubs languished. The Guardian's pop critic, Alexis Petridis, attributed the "terminal decline" of dance music to its over-commercialisation by big-name DJs, such as Sasha, and to their demands for increased fees for performances.[24] Though dance music had been declared "dead" by many in the dance industry, Sasha continued to tour—despite the closing of many superclubs, including his resident club Twilo in May 2001.[25]
Delta Heavy Tour[link]
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Sasha's collaboration with Junkie XL, "Breezer", was one of Sasha's tracks of choice during the Delta Heavy Tour.
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After the closing of Twilo, Sasha and Digweed embarked on their ambitious Delta Heavy Tour of the United States in 2002. Featuring veteran tour producer Kevin Lyman and opening act Jimmy Van M,[26] the tour covered 31 cities and played to 85,000 people.[27] The appearances, complete with laser shows and video production, were more akin to rock concerts than to typical DJ events.[26] This development was new to the DJing scene, and compelled other DJs to host similar concerts.[28] A DVD of performance highlights, interviews, and behind-the-scenes footage was released as Sasha & John Digweed present Delta Heavy by System Recordings.[26] Ben Turner, creator of the DanceStar awards, retrospectively described the Delta Heavy tour as "a landmark moment for electronic music".[26] Though the duo of Sasha and Digweed never explicitly split up, demanding schedules and frequent independent touring prevented any substantial collaboration for a long period after Delta Heavy.[3]
Post-Digweed[link]
During the latter half of 2002, Sasha collaborated with big beat artist Junkie XL on the single "Breezer".[29][30] Junkie XL, along with Charlie May, also assisted Sasha on his second album of original material, Airdrawndagger.[31] Airdrawndagger took several years to produce due to Sasha's desire for the album to be "as near to perfection as possible."[32] That March, Sasha suffered a perforated eardrum in a traffic accident, further delaying the album's production. Though the accident temporarily impaired his hearing, he drew inspiration for the album from his ordeal. Airdrawndagger was finally released, in August 2002, to much fanfare. However, the album was "received with a lot of head scratching", according to Sasha, which he attributed to its unexpected mix of genres. The album did not feature the heavier "club sound" of Sasha's previous mix albums, bearing a closer resemblance to ambient music.[33] Airdrawndagger generally received favorable reviews,[34] though critics noted that it was not as consistent and well produced as his DJ mixes. Sasha himself described it as "a selfish, slightly self-indulgent record", though he maintains that he is "happy with it to this day".[35] Some critics, however, called it "sleepy"; E!Online described it as being "more in league with Yanni than Moby".[36] To encourage listeners' interest, Sasha held an amateur remix contest for the album's first single, "Wavy Gravy".[37] Due to the contest's success, Sasha released all the tracks from Airdrawndagger on his website, so that fans could download and create their own versions.[38]
After the release of Airdrawndagger, Sasha took the young DJ James Zabiela "under his wing". He introduced Zabiela to the CDJ1000 turntable, and signed Zabiela to the Excession talent agency.[39] The two toured the United States together, which extended Sasha's influence to already-popular American DJs such as Kimball Collins.[15]
In 2004, Sasha signed with Global Underground to produce another mix album. However, he found the process of creating a standard mix album unrewarding,[40] and decided to apply his production and DJing skills to a mix compilation that resembled a "real" album—that is, one featuring original material.[9] Sasha's next studio album, Involver, was "a fusion of mix album and production record", consisting entirely of Sasha's reworkings of tracks by other artists.[17] "I tried to take all the separate sounds to all the tracks [and recombine them]", he later explained, "and it allowed me to mix the tracks together on a much deeper level."[41] He accomplished this by sequencing the album using Ableton Live[42] and Logic Pro.[40] Ableton Live is a music loop-based software package that Sasha uses to engineer tracks in real-time, whereas he used Logic Pro primarily for premeditated edits to audio tracks.
In 2005, Sasha produced his next mix album, Fundacion NYC, based on his nights DJing in New York at the Crobar club. Fundacion NYC received positive reviews for its originality, though JIVE Magazine found it "too complicated for the ear".[43] Sasha is pleased with the album, and plans to make a series of Fundacion albums.[44] The next year, Sasha released 10,000 copies of a June 2006 DJ set for sale using Instant Live, making him the first DJ to use Instant Live's licensing and publishing services.[45] In August 2007, Sasha announced the formation of his record label, Emfire, which will be the exclusive outlet for his new material in both vinyl and digital formats.[46] Its first release was"COMA", a collaborative track by a group of the same name which features Sasha, Barry Jamieson, Charlie May, and Duncan Forbes.[46] While continuing to regularly DJ, Sasha began work on another Involver mix and the next Fundacion mix.[47] Sasha's Invol2ver was released in September 2008.[48]
Back with Digweed[link]
Though frequent performing kept them apart for several years, Sasha and Digweed announced that they would reunite for a few Australian performances.[49] In November 2006, the duo performed at several venues, including Sydney, Brisbane, and Melbourne as well as numerous tour dates throughout 2007.[8] In 2008, Sasha and Digweed kicked off an American tour with a performance at the Winter Music Conference.[50] The duo played at mainly larger venues on the weekends and smaller (750-1000 people) shows on weekdays.[50] Sasha described their music as "driving and dark" with "a little throwback of Twilo sounds".[50] The duo now perform together annually at the Winter Music Conference.
Sasha runs a music studio and lives in New York City, and maintains a house in London.[33] He brings his wife with him on his frequent tours.[27] Sasha finds the constant touring to be physically tiring, though he also feels that he thrives on it.[51] While fans may regard Sasha to be a DJ "hero", he is uneasy with fame; Sasha considers himself "shy at heart" and is typically uncomfortable discussing his personal life.[41] He has mentioned on numerous occasions that he is so busy with DJing and production that he rarely has any free time. However, he enjoys watching football, cooking, and sampling the cuisine of the countries he visits.[52] The movie "New Emissions of Light & Sound" won the Best Original Score at the X-Dance Film Festival. The score was made up of new and previously unreleased tracks.[53]
Musical genres[link]
Influenced by the early sound of The Haçienda, Sasha began his career playing records of the rough, danceable genre of acid house. By the early 1990s, he had moved towards a more dark European house music style, though by the time of his Shelley's residency he had begun to experiment more with American house. His tastes further developed as he moved to Renaissance, and he began to incorporate the pop-based sounds of Moby, Spooky, and Leftfield. Sasha's second Digweed collaboration, 1997's Northern Exposure, was described as "epic house",[11] and subsequent releases featured the spacey and atmospheric trance house sound of artists such as Sven Väth, Matt Darey, Tilt, and Armin Van Buuren. A rhythmic and bassy progressive house influence distinguished his Xpander EP and the mix albums of the late 1990s.[54] At the time, Sasha's music rotation included records by artists such as Space Manoeuvres, BT, and Breeder, and Sander Kleinenberg's single "My Lexicon".
With the 2000 album Communicate, the duo's work moved towards a deeper and darker house music sound. The album featured tracks by Morel, Mainline, and Jimmy Van M. The focus shifted from the melodic themes of previous releases in favour of a stronger emphasis on the bassline.[54] The Delta Heavy Tour and Airdrawndagger marked a dramatic shift in style, and reflected the influences of relaxed ambient and breakbeat music on Sasha's work. These influences inspired the album's strong melodies, occasional breakbeat loops, and limited use of percussion. Involver was primarily a fusion of the musical style of house and ambient breakbeat music characterised by UNKLE and Lostep. With 2005's Fundacion, Sasha's style was mostly progressive house and electro-house music, with work by James Holden, Tiefschwarz, and Swayzak.[5] With his success in progressive house, Sasha has commented that he feels people try to "pigeon-hole" him into playing that genre. Rather than calling it progressive house, Sasha considers his most recent material to be between house, trance, and breaks,[55] though he has stated that he prefers not to associate himself with a specific genre of music.
Techniques and technology[link]
File:Sasha3.jpg
Sasha performing using Ableton Live
Sasha attributes his success to his technical skill and ability to "connect with his dancers".[15] During performances, he balances new and experimental material, while ensuring that "the party is still rockin".[27] His spontaneity carries over to studio work; he typically has only a vague idea of the track listing when beginning work on a new mix album.[56] Because of this, his albums never turn out quite as he expects.[56] Sasha is known for applying new music technologies to both his studio and live work. Both Sasha and Digweed used Pro Tools on Macintosh computers when mixing their compilation albums, and used turntables and records during live performances. For their remixes, however, they used an Atari ST—an obsolete personal computer from the early 1990s—with Notator, a music sequencer used for arranging audio tracks.[57] For more recent albums such as Fundacion NYC, Sasha used Ableton Live for sequencing, partially because of Pro Tools' higher price.[52] In live performances up to the late 1990s, Sasha performed exclusively using records. Before he started using the CDJ1000, a "turntable" used for CDs, he had his digital music specially cut to acetate records before each tour.[35] Once he integrated CDs into his live act, Sasha operated CDJ1000s with Allen & Heath mixers and FireworX.[33] While he is now known for heavily utilizing audio technologies, Sasha was one of the last DJs to begin using CDs in live performance.
Sasha began DJing with Ableton Live in his live act as well, using it in tandem with turntables. Having explored its functionality, Sasha found that he could perform entirely through Ableton Live. He then co-developed the Maven controller, which he uses as a physical interface to the Live software.[28][56] (DJing with a mouse alone, he has said, is "not going to look right or feel right".)[13] Fundacion NYC was the first album on which he regularly used the Maven controller.[58] During DJ sets, clubbers often believe Sasha is playing new, unheard remixes; in fact, he is often playing modifications of tracks created in Ableton.[42] Sasha most often uses the built-in Ableton plugins, preferring their superior stability and performance over third party plugins.[56] For the first public performance of Involver material, he used a PowerBook running Ableton,[59] but has since shifted to a setup that includes an iMac G5 and Ableton Live.[42] Despite Sasha's insistence that Ableton Live allows for greater creativity and spontaneity, "vinyl purists" have accused him of taking much of the challenge and mystique out of DJing by using software in performances.[7]
The Internet has affected how Sasha obtains and uses tracks for performance. While he once hunted through record shops for new records on a regular basis, Sasha now regularly receives new tracks from producers and labels via the Internet.[28] These tracks, which number in the hundreds each week, are edited by Sasha and others for use in his live DJ sets.[28] He still buys hundreds of records on vinyl, which are then recorded and converted into music files prior to being edited in Ableton by his team of engineers.
Popularity and honors[link]
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Sasha was nominated for a Grammy Award for his remix of Felix da Housecat's "Watching Cars Go By".
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He has been voted among the top ten DJs in the world by readers of DJMag every year since 1997, placing first in 2000.[60] At the annual Winter Music Conference, Sasha has won the "Best Techno/Trance 12" award (1999) for the Xpander EP, and "Best CD Compilation" awards for Global Underground: Ibiza (1999, 2000) and Involver (2004).[61] He was also nominated in the categories "Best European DJ" (2004) and "Best Remixer".[62] At the 1999 Ericsson Muzik Awards, he received an award for "Outstanding Contributions to Dance Music".[60] Sasha was nominated as the top DJ in his genre every year since 2000 in the DJ Awards, but did not win. However, in 2008, he was selected as the best DJ in the progressive house category.
In 2005, the Grammy committee debated whether Involver was eligible for nomination as Best Electronic/Dance Album. The Recording Academy decided that the album was eligible, but Involver did not receive a nomination.[63] Sasha did receive a Grammy nomination for his remix of Felix da Housecat's "Watching Cars Go By", which was featured on Involver.
Selected discography[link]
Main article: Sasha (DJ) discography
- Albums
- 1994: The Qat Collection (Deconstruction Records)
- 2002: Airdrawndagger (Kinetic Records, BMG) (UK Albums Chart #18, Billboard 200 #157, Billboard Top Electronic Albums #5)
- DJ Mixes/Compilations
- 1994: Renaissance - The Mix Collection with John Digweed (Renaissance Records)
- 1996: Northern Exposure with John Digweed (Ministry of Sound, Ultra Records)
- 1997: Northern Exposure 2 with John Digweed (Ministry of Sound, Ultra Records)
- 1998: Global Underground 009: San Francisco (Boxed)
- 1999: Northern Exposure: Expeditions with John Digweed (INCredible, Ultra Records)
- 1999: Global Underground 013: Ibiza (Boxed)
- 2000: Communicate with John Digweed (INCredible, Kinetic Records) (Billboard 200 #149)[64]
- 2004: Involver (Global Underground Ltd.) (UK #61, Billboard 200 #200, Billboard Electronic #1)
- 2005: Fundacion NYC (Global Underground Ltd.) (Billboard Electronic #4)
- 2006: Avalon Los Angeles CA 24/06/06 (Instant Live)
- 2008: The emFire Collection: Mixed, Unmixed & Remixed (emFire, Ultra Records, Style Records)
- 2008: Invol2ver (Global Underground Ltd.)
- 2012: Invol<3r (Ministry Of Sound.)
- DVD
- 2006: Sasha & John Digweed present Delta Heavy with John Digweed (System Recordings)
Notes and references[link]
- ^ Sounds, DJ. "Interview: Sasha In Ibiza". Pioneer DJ Sounds. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C12mtyq-bC0. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
- ^ The nickname Sasha is a common diminutive version of the name Alexander.
- ^ a b c d e f Birchmeier, Jason. "Sasha + John Digweed biography". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p214634. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ "Chart Stats: Sasha". Chartstats.com. http://www.chartstats.com/artistinfo.php?id=6999. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ a b Jones, Simon (19 May 2006). "Sasha - Fundacion: NYC". Progressive-Sounds. Archived from the original on 19 May 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060519125710/http://www.progressive-sounds.com/features/Sasha-Fundacion-NYC.asp. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ Jones, Simon (3 July 2002). "Sasha "Airdrawndagger"". Progressive-Sounds. Archived from the original on 4 June 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060604004245/http://www.progressive-sounds.com/Music-Reviews/sasha-airdrawndagger.asp. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ a b James, Colin. "Sasha: No rest for the world's last 'rock-star deejay'". Prefix Magazine. Archived from the original on 2006-12-20. http://web.archive.org/web/20061220050232/http://www.prefixmag.com/features/S/Sasha/173?PHPSESSID=0f6747f4babfba208991c16206516b76. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ a b "Sasha tour dates (navigate to "Tour Dates")". Djsasha.com. http://www.djsasha.com/. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ a b c "Sasha speaks". BBC Wales. http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/northwest/features/djsasha.shtml. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ a b c "Sasha profile". SoundRevolt. Archived from the original on 2006-12-14. http://web.archive.org/web/20061214231128/http://www.soundrevolt.com/artists-97-en.html. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ a b c d e f g Dresden, Dave (7 July 1997). "Interview with Sasha". DJ Times. Reprinted at about.com. http://dancemusic.about.com/cs/interviews/a/IntSashaDave.htm. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ a b "Sasha - Standing the Test of Time". Resident Advisor. 18 October 2004. Archived from the original on 4 February 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20050204102420/http://www.residentadvisor.net/feature_view.asp?ID=509. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ a b c Preve, Francis (September 2004), "Spotlight: Remix summit: The avant-art of Sasha and Josh Gabriel", Keyboard 30 (9): 38–41, ISSN 0730-0158
- ^ "Sasha". Discogs. Archived from the original on 27 April 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060427063941/http://www.discogs.com/artist/Sasha. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ a b c Brewster, Bill (2000). Last Night a DJ Saved My Life. Grove Press. p. 389. ISBN 0-8021-3688-5.
- ^ Bidder, Sean (1999). The Rough Guide to House Music. Rough Guides. p. 43. ISBN 1-85828-432-5.
- ^ a b Prato, Greg. "Sasha biography". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p290892. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ Drever, Andrew (5 December 2002). "Come in, spinner". The Age, reprinted at Djsasha.com. Archived from the original on 1 November 2004. http://web.archive.org/web/20041101214415/http://www.djsasha.com/interviews.php?nid=61. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ "Record Labels: Excession". Resident Advisor. Archived from the original on 9 February 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20050209140740/http://www.residentadvisor.net/label_view.asp?id=40. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ "Scoring with Sasha: Interview with Rockstar Games and Psygnosis". DJMixed.com. Archived from the original on 28 April 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060428002932/http://www.djmixed.com/djmixed/newsandfeatures/article.cfm?Article_ID=1029. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ Cooper, Sean. "Spooky biography". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p41708. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ Snoman, Rick (2004). Dance Music Manual: Toys, Tools, and Techniques. Focus Press. p. 142. ISBN 0-240-51915-9.
- ^ Micallef, Ken (7 December 2000). "Communicate". LAUNCHcast. Archived from the original on 29 November 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20051129202659/http://music.yahoo.com/read/review/12030996. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ Petridis, Alexis (21 August 2003). "Cynical, exploitative and banking on ecstasy to mask the rip-off". The Guardian. http://arts.guardian.co.uk/critic/feature/0,,1026502,00.html. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ Gillan, Audrey (21 August 2003). "Super DJs forced off the dancefloor". The Guardian. http://arts.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,,1026308,00.html. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ a b c d Jones, Simon (7 February 2006). "Sasha & John Digweed - Delta Heavy: A DVD Documentary". Progressive-Sounds. Archived from the original on 27 April 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060427040709/http://www.progressive-sounds.com/features/sasha-digweed-delta-heavy-dvd.asp. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ a b c Juarez, Vanessa (3 February 2006). "DJ Sasha on Dance Music's Glowstick Culture". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 27 April 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060427033247/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11151564/site/newsweek/. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ a b c d "Sasha". Progressive-Sounds. February 2006. Archived from the original on 18 May 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060518023015/http://www.progressive-sounds.com/artists/Sasha/Sasha-interview-2-2006.asp. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ Jones, Simon (4 January 2003). "Junkie XL "Beauty Never Fades / Breezer"". Progressive-Sounds. Archived from the original on 16 May 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060516052155/http://www.progressive-sounds.com/Music-Reviews/junkie-xl-beauty-never-fades-breezer.asp. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ "Beauty Never Fades/Breezer". Discogs. Archived from the original on 10 January 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060110000517/http://www.discogs.com/release/84496. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ Swan, Glenn. "Airdrawndagger review". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/album/r598381. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ Jones, Simon (December 2001). "BT interview". Progressive-Sounds. Archived from the original on 14 May 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060514181027/http://www.progressive-sounds.com/artists/BT/BT-interview-12-2001.asp. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ a b c McGeachin, Nick (24 September 2004). "Sasha: His Life, The Music & Neil Young?". Virgin Megamagazine. Archived from the original on 27 January 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060127234924/http://www.virginmegamagazine.com/default.asp?aid=C5B. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ "Airdrawndagger by Sasha". Metacritic. Archived from the original on 5 December 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20051205083907/http://www.metacritic.com/music/artists/sasha/airdrawndagger. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ a b Harrington, Richard (31 March 2006). "Master Manipulator Keeps It Spinning". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/30/AR2006033000587.html. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ "Review of Airdrawndagger". E!Online. Archived from the original on 16 December 2004. http://web.archive.org/web/20041216070839/http://www.eonline.com/Reviews/Facts/Music/RevID/0,1107,2755,00.html. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ "Wavy Gravy Remix contest winner announced". Djsasha.com. Archived from the original on 10 October 2003. http://web.archive.org/web/20031010094320/http://www.djsasha.com/news_detail.php?nid=fbd79376. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ "Sasha's Freedom of Airdrawndagger". Resident Advisor. 24 February 2003. http://www.residentadvisor.net/news.asp?ID=2981. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ Davis, DJ Zak. "James Zabiela - Alive Review". About.com. Archived from the original on 6 May 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060506192116/http://dancemusic.about.com/od/reviews/fr/JZabielaAlive.htm. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ a b Romero, Dennis (24 June 2004). "Building a Better DJ". Los Angeles CityBeat. Archived from the original on 31 December 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20051231090100/http://www.lacitybeat.com/article.php?id=1018&IssueNum=55. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ a b Reeves, Mosi (7 October 2004). "Don't Speak: A man of few words, dance music hero Sasha talks with his hands". Houston Press. Archived from the original on 15 September 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20050915224045/http://www.houstonpress.com/Issues/2004-10-07/music/music2.html. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ a b c Schaal, Tilmann. "DJ Sasha: Crossfade into the Digital Domain". Apple.com. http://www.apple.com/pro/profiles/sasha/. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ Jewels (22 June 2006). "Sasha - Fundacion". JIVE Magazine. http://www.jivemagazine.com/review.php?rid=1103&rtid=2. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ McCarthy, Zel (31 May 2005). "One More Time: Interview with Sasha". Groovetickets.com. Archived from the original on 19 November 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20051119072006/http://www.groovetickets.com/bz_art_new.asp?DID=857. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ Paoletta, Michael (24 May 2006). "Sasha Plans Live DJ Mixes". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1002574682. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ a b "Sasha launches new Empire label". 365mag. 22 August 2007. http://www.365mag.com/index.php?pg=news&recnum=4093&Title=Sasha+launches+new+Emfire+label+on+365Mag+International+Music+Magazine. Retrieved 2007-09-13.
- ^ Woodcock, Clare. "Interviews: Sasha". 4clubbers.net. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070928125136/http://www.4clubbers.net/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=572. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ Jones, Simon (29 July 2008). "Sasha - Invol2ver". Progressive-Sounds. http://www.progressive-sounds.com/features/Sasha-Invol2ver.asp. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
- ^ Jones, Simon (10 August 2006). "John Digweed Interview". Progressive-Sounds. http://www.progressive-sounds.com/artists/John-Digweed/John-Digweed-interview-8-2006.asp. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ a b c Bilen, Andrew (24 July 2008). "An interview with Sasha and John Digweed". Progressive-Sounds. http://www.progressive-sounds.com/Artists/Sasha-and-John-Digweed/A-2008-interview-with-Sasha-and-John-Digweed.asp. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
- ^ Skrufff, Jonty (2 July 2005). "Sasha's Secret Of Superstar DJ Success". Trackitdown.net. Archived from the original on 30 August 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20050830012411/www.trackitdown.net/news/1053.html. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ a b Schoenbohm, Kevin; Jules Mari (31 August 2006). "SASHA". Djfix.com. Archived from the original on 17 February 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060217012808/http://www.djfix.com/interviews/show/9/SASHA. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ Slomowicz, Ron (23 May 2008). "Sasha - 2008 Interview - Sasha and Digweed 2008 Spring Tour". dancemusic.com. http://dancemusic.about.com/od/remixersproducers/a/SashaDigweed2k8_2.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-23.
- ^ a b Nathan Brackett, ed. (2004). Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th Edition ed.). Fireside. p. 718. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
- ^ "DJ/Producer Sasha Interview". Kidzworld. Archived from the original on 28 December 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20051228175551/http://www.kidzworld.com/site/p2584.htm. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ a b c d Blue, Ben. "Sasha - Fundacion NYC Interview". Archived from the original on 1 May 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060501230744/http://dancemusic.about.com/od/remixersproducers/a/SashaFundInt.htm. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ Gerrish, Bruce (2001). Remix: The Electronic Music Explosion. ArtistPro. pp. 65, 127–133.
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- ^ "DJ Sasha talks Macs and Ableton". Macworld. 26 June 2006. http://www.macworld.co.uk/news/index.cfm?NewsID=15061&Page=1&pagePos=2. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ a b "Sasha tops DJ poll". BBC News. 20 November 2000. Archived from the original on 3 December 2002. http://web.archive.org/web/20021203104312/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/1032306.stm. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ "WMC 1999 IDMA Winners". Winter Music Conference. Archived from the original on 3 May 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060503122113/http://www.wintermusicconference.com/win99.htm. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ "Winners for the 20th Annual International Dance Music Awards". Winter Music Conference. Archived from the original on 23 April 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060423055249/http://www.wintermusicconference.com/idmanominees.htm. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ Romero, Dennis (17 February 2005). "In a Grammy Groove". Los Angeles CityBeat. Archived from the original on 25 May 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060525203848/http://www.lacitybeat.com/article.php?id=1679&IssueNum=89. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ "Billboard Artist Chart History". Billboard. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070929130730/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/retrieve_chart_history.do?model.chartFormatGroupName=Albums&model.vnuArtistId=260825&model.vnuAlbumId=629201. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Sasha (DJ) |
- Sasha's Official Website
- Sasha's Fan Website
- Sasha discography at MusicBrainz
- Sasha at Allmusic
- Sasha discography at Discogs
- Sasha Tracklisting archive
| Awards and achievements | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Paul Oakenfold |
DJ Magazine Number 1 DJ 2000 |
Succeeded by John Digweed |
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Alexander Coe |
| Alternative names | Sasha (stage name) |
| Short description | Popular disc jockey of electronic music |
| Date of birth | 4 September 1969 |
| Place of birth | Hawarden, Wales |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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Wiki Summary
Stoke-on-Trent ( pronunciation (help·info); often abbreviated to Stoke), also called The Potteries is a city in Staffordshire, England, which forms a linear conurbation stretching for 12 miles (19 km), with an area of 36 square miles (93 km2). Together with the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Stoke forms The Potteries Urban Area. This, together with the rural Staffordshire Moorlands area, forms North Staffordshire, which in 2001 had a population of 457,165.
The conurbation continues to be polycentric, having been formed by a federation of six separate towns and numerous villages in the early-20th century. The settlement from which the federated town (it was not a city until 1925) took its name was Stoke-upon-Trent, where the administration and chief mainline railway station were located. After the union, Hanley emerged as the primary commercial centre in the city, despite the efforts of its rival, Burslem. The three other component towns are Tunstall, Longton and Fenton.
Stoke-on-Trent is considered to be the home of the pottery industry in England and is commonly known as The Potteries. Formerly a primarily industrial conurbation, it is now a centre for service industries and distribution centres.
