Gil Kane
Gil Kane at the 1976 San Diego Comic-Con.
Born	April 6, 1926 Riga, Latvia
Died	January 31, 2000 Florida, United States
Nationality	American
Area(s)	Penciller
Pseudonym(s)	Scott Edward
Notable works	Atom Captain Marvel Detective Comics (Robin, Batgirl) Green Lantern
Awards	National Cartoonists Society Award, 1971, 1972, 1975, 1977 Shazam Award, 1971

Eli Katz (April 6, 1926 – January 31, 2000) who worked under the name Gil Kane and in one instance Scott Edward,^[1] was a comic book artist whose career spanned the 1940s to 1990s and every major comics company and character.

Kane co-created the modern-day versions of the superheroes Green Lantern and the Atom for DC Comics, and co-created Iron Fist with Roy Thomas for Marvel Comics. He was involved in such major storylines as that of The Amazing Spider-Man #96–98 (May–July 1971), which, at the behest of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, bucked the then-prevalent Comics Code Authority to depict drug abuse, and ultimately spurred an update of the Code. Kane additionally pioneered an early graphic novel prototype, His Name is...Savage, in 1968, and a seminal graphic novel, Blackmark, in 1971.

In 1997, he was inducted into both the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame and the Harvey Award Jack Kirby Hall of Fame.

Early life[link]

Gil Kane was born Eli Katz on April 6, 1926, in Latvia.^[2] Kane was born to a Jewish family that emigrated to the U.S. in 1929, settling in Brooklyn, New York City. His father was a struggling poultry merchant.^[3]

Career[link]

Beginnings[link]

Kane studied art at a vocational high school, but left school at age 15 when he saw an opportunity to to work at MLJ Comics (later Archie Comics).^[2][3] He worked there for three weeks before being fired. As Kane recalled, "Within a couple of days I got a job with Jack Binder's agency. Jack Binder had a loft on Fifth Avenue and it just looked like an internment camp. There must have been 50 or 60 guys up there, all at drawing tables. You had to account for the paper that you took". Kane began pencilling professionally there, but, "They weren't terribly happy with what I was doing. But when I was rehired by MLJ three weeks later, not only did they put me back into the production department and give me an increase, they gave me my first job, which was 'Inspector Bentley of Scotland Yard' in Pep Comics, and then they gave me a whole issue of The Shield and Dusty, one of their leading books".^[4] He would also do spot illustrations for other studios.^[3]

Silver Age[link]

During the next several years, Kane drew for about a dozen studios and publishers including Timely Comics, a predecessor of Marvel Comics, and learned from such prominent artists as Jack Kirby and Joe Simon. He interrupted his career briefly to enlist in the Army during World War II, where he served in the Pacific theater of operations.^[3] In the post-war years, on his return to comics, he used pseudonyms, including Pen Star and Gil Stack,^{[citation needed]} before settling on Gil Kane.^[3]

In the late 1950s, Kane freelanced for DC Comics. There he contributed to seminal works in what fans and historians call the Silver Age of comic books, when he illustrated a number of revitalized superhero titles (loosely based on 1940s characters) — most notably Green Lantern, for which he pencilled most of the first 75 issues, and also the Atom. Kane also drew the youthful superhero team the Teen Titans, and in the late 1960s tackled such short-lived titles such as Hawk and Dove, and the licensed-character comic Captain Action, based on the action figure. He briefly freelanced some Hulk stories in Marvel Comics' Tales to Astonish, under the pseudonym Scott Edward.

Due to financial setbacks at the time, Kane began accepting as many art assignments as possible, and with the increased workload often had to hire fellow artists to finish his rough pencil artwork.^{[citation needed]} Eschewing the Scott Edwards pseudonym, Kane freelanced in the 1960s for Tower Comics' T.H.U.N.D.E.R. Agents, a superhero/espionage title, as well as the "Tiger Boy" strip for Harvey Comics. Kane then found a home at Marvel, eventually becoming the regular penciller for The Amazing Spider-Man, succeeding John Romita, in the early 1970s, and becoming the company's preeminent cover artist through that decade, a position that helped him achieve financial stability.^{[citation needed]}

During that run, he and editor-writer Stan Lee produced in 1971 a landmark three-issue story arc in The Amazing Spider-Man #96-98) that marked the first challenge to the industry's self-regulating Comics Code Authority since its inception in 1954. The Code forbade mention of drugs, even in a negative context. However, Lee and Kane created an anti-drug storyline conceived at the behest of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, and upon not receiving Code Authority approval, Marvel published the issues without the Code seal on their covers. The comics met with such critical acclaim and high sales that the industry's self-censorship was undercut, and the Code was soon afterward revamped. Another landmark in Kane's Spider-Man run was the arc "The Night Gwen Stacy Died" in issues #121-122 (June–July 1973), in which Spider-Man's girlfriend Gwen Stacy, as well as the long-time villain Green Goblin were killed, an unusual occurrence at the time.

With writer Roy Thomas, Kane helped revise the Marvel Comics version of Captain Marvel, and revamped a preexisting character as Adam Warlock. Kane and Thomas co-created the martial arts superhero Iron Fist, and Morbius the Living Vampire.

Gerry Conway, Kane's collaborator on the death-of-Gwen-Stacy storyline and elsewhere, described Kane in 2009 as

...a marvelous draftsman and an idiosyncratic storyteller. I quickly learned that working with him Marvel-style (that's when a writer gives the artist a plot and the artist breaks down the story, panel by panel and page by page) could sometimes result in lopsided storytelling; the first two-thirds of a story would be leisurely paced, and the last third would be hellbent-for-leather as Gil tried to make up for loose storytelling in the first half [sic]. So after doing a few stories with him in my usual loosely plotted style, I began giving him tighter plots, indicating where the story had to be by such-and-such a page. He seemed to prefer this, and I'm generally happier with the later stories we did together than the first few.^[5]

Pioneering new formats[link]

Kane's side projects include two long works that he conceived, plotted and illustrated, with scripting by Archie Goodwin (writing under the pseudonym of Robert Franklin): His Name is... Savage (Adventure House Press, 1968), a self-published, 40-page, magazine-format comics novel; and Blackmark (1971), a science fiction/sword-and-sorcery paperback published by Bantam Books. Some historians^{[citation needed]} consider the latter, sold in bookstores and related outlets rather than newsstands, as arguably the first American graphic novel, a term not in general use at the time; the back-cover blurb of the 30th-anniversary edition (ISBN 1-56097-456-7) calls it, retroactively, "the very first American graphic novel." Whether or not this is so, Blackmark is, objectively, a 119-page story of comic-book art, with captions and word balloons, published in a traditional book format. It is also the first with an original heroic-adventure character, conceived expressly for this form.

Sometime in the late 1960s, Kane temporarily acquired the publishing rights to Robert E. Howard's pulp magazine barbarian, Conan, with the intent of reviving the character in a magazine format, à la Savage.^{[citation needed]} However, he was unable to gain financing for the project, and the rights reverted to the Howard estate. When Marvel Comics licensed the character in 1970, writer Roy Thomas initially considered having either Kane or John Buscema draw the comic book, and Kane actively campaigned for the assignment,^{[citation needed]} but editor Lee considered Kane too valuable as the company's premiere cover artist to allow him to devote large amounts of time to a commercially uncertain project.^{[citation needed]} Kane would later provide art for the Conan comic book, which by then was one of Marvel's hits.

Later career[link]

During the 1970s and 1980s, Kane did character designs for various Hanna-Barbera^[6] and Ruby-Spears^{[citation needed]} animated TV series. In 1977, he created the newspaper comic strip Star Hawks with writer Ron Goulart. The daily strip, which ran through 1981,^[7] was known for its experimental use of a two-tier format during the first years. In the early 1980s, he shared regular art duties on Superman with Curt Swan, and also contributed to the 1988 Superman animated TV series.^[6] In 1989 Kane illustrated a comic-book adaptation of Richard Wagner's mythological opera epic The Ring of the Nibelung.^[7]

Death and legacy[link]

He remained active as an artist until his death on January 31, 2000, in Miami, Florida from complications of lymphoma.^[2] He was survived by his second wife, Elaine;^[8][9] children Scott, Eric and Beverly; and two granddaughters.^[2] His final home, where he was buried, was Aventura, Florida.

An homage to Kane and to writer John Broome appears in In Darkest Night, a novelization of the Justice League animated series. The book refers to the Kane/Broome Institute for Space Studies in Coast City. In the Superman The Animated Series episode "In Brightest Day", Gil's Resturantie is named for him.^{[citation needed]} The Broome Kane Galaxy in Green Lantern: Emerald Knights is named for him and John Broome.

Awards[link]

Kane received numerous awards over the years, including the 1971, 1972, and 1975 National Cartoonists Society Awards for Best Story Comic Book, and the group's Story Comic Strip Award for 1977 for Star Hawks. He also received the comic book industry's Shazam Award for Special Recognition in 1971 "for Blackmark, his paperback comics novel". Kane was named to both the Eisner Award Hall of Fame and the Harvey Award Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1997.^{[citation needed]}

Bibliography[link]

DC[link]

• Action Comics (Superman) #539-541, 544-546, 551-554 (1983–84), 642 (4-pages only) (1989), 715 (1995); (Green Lantern) #601-605 (1988)
• All-Star Western #3-4, 6, 8 (1970–71)
• Atari Force #3, 5 (1982–83)
• Atom #1-37 (1962–68)
• Batman #208 (1969)
• Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight #24-26 (1991–92)
• Blue Beetle #22 (1988)
• Captain Action #2-5 (1968–69)
• DC Challenge #4 (1986)
• DC Comics Presents (Rex the Wonder Dog) #35 (1981); (Superman & Shazam!) Annual #3 (1984)
• Detective Comics (Batman & Robin) #371, 374 (1968); (Elongated Man) #368, 370, 372-373 (1967–68); (Batgirl) #384-385, 388-389, 392-393, 396, 401, 406-407 (1969–71); (Robin) #390-391, 394, 398-399, 402-403 (1969–70); (Catwoman) #520 (1982)
• Doomsday Annual #1 (1995)
• Flash #195, 197-199 (1970)
• Forbidden Tales of Dark Mansion #13 (1973)
• Green Lantern, vol. 2, #1-61, 68-75 (1960–70), #156 (1982); (Green Lantern Corps) #177 (1984)
• Green Lantern Corps #223-224 (1988)
• Hawk and the Dove #3-5 (1968–69)
• House of Mystery #180, 184, 196 (1969–71); 253 (1977), 300 (1982)
• Justice League of America #200 (6-pages only)(1982)
• Legends of the DC Universe (Green Lantern & Atom) #28-29 (2000)
• Metal Men #30-31 (1968)
• Plastic Man #1 (1966)
• Power of Shazam! #14, 19 (this issue along with Joe Staton) (1996)
• Ring of the Nibelung #1-4 (miniseries) (1989–90)
• Secret Origins (Blue Beetle) #2; (Midnight) #28 (1986–88)
• Showcase (Green Lantern) #22-24; (Atom) #34-36 (1959–62)
• Static #31 (1996)
• Star Spangled War Stories #169 (1973)
• Strange Adventures (Adam Strange) #222 (1970)
• Superman, vol. 1, (Fabulous World of Krypton) #367, 375; (Superman 2021) #372 (1982)
• Superman, vol. 2, #99, 101-103 (1995)
• Superman: Blood of My Ancestors (along with John Buscema) (2003, posthumous)
• Superman: Distant Fires (1998)
• Superman: The Wedding Album (among other artists) (1996)
• Superman Special (annual series) #1-2 (1983–84)
• Sword of the Atom #1-4 (miniseries) (1983)
• Tales of the Green Lantern Corps Annual #1 (1985)
• Talos of the Wilderness Sea (1986)
• Teen Titans #19, 22-24 (1969)
• Time Warp #2 (1979)
• Vigilante #12-13 (1984)
• Weird Mystery Tales #10 (1974)
• Weird Western Tales #15, 20 (1972–73)
• Witching Hour #12 (1970)
• World's Finest Comics (Green Arrow & Black Canary) #282-283; (Shazam!) #282 (1982)

Marvel[link]

• Amazing Spider-Man #89-92; 96-105; 120-124; 150; Annual #10 (1970–75), Annual #24 (1990)
• Astonishing Tales (Ka-Zar) #11,15 (1972)
• Captain America #145 (along with John Romita, Sr) (1972)
• Captain Marvel #17-21 (1969–70)
• Conan the Barbarian #17-18 (1972); #127-134 (1981–82)
• Creatures on the Loose (Gullivar Jones) #16-17 (1972)
• Daredevil #141, 146-148, 151 (1977–78)
• Deadly Hands of Kung Fu (Sons of the Tiger) #23 (1976)
• Fear (Morbius) #12 (1973)
• Ghost Rider #21 (1976)
• Giant-Size Conan #1-4 (1974–75)
• Inhumans #5-7 (1976)
• John Carter, Warlord of Mars #1-10 (1977–78)
• Journey into Mystery, vol. 2, #1-2 (1972)
• Jungle Action, vol. 2 (Black Panther) #9 (1974)
• Marvel Comics Presents (Two-Gun Kid) #116 (1992)
• Marvel Fanfare (Mowgli) #9-11 (1983)
• Marvel: Heroes & Legends #2 (1997)
• Marvel Premiere (Adam Warlock) #1-2; (Iron Fist) #15 (1972–74)
• Marvel Preview (Blackmark) #17 (1979)
• Marvel Team-Up (Spider-Man team-ups) #4-6, 13-14, 16-19, 23 (1972–74)
• Marvel Two-in-One (The Thing team-ups) #1-2 (1974)
• Micronauts #38, 40-45 (1982)
• Monsters Unleashed #3 (1973)
• Savage Sword of Conan #8, 47, 63-65, 67, 85-86 (1975–83)
• Savage Tales (Conan) #4 (along with Neal Adams) (1974)
• Scarlet Spider #1 (1995)
• Spider-Man #63 (1995)
• Tales of Suspense (Captain America) #88-91 (1967)
• Tales to Astonish (Hulk) #89-91 (1967)
• Thor #318 (1982)
• Vampire Tales (Morbius) #5 (1974)
• Warlock #1-5 (1972–73)
• Web of Spider-Man Annual #6 (1990)
• Werewolf by Night #11-12 (1975)
• What If? (Avengers) #3, (Spider-Man) #24 (1977–80)

Footnotes[link]

References[link]

• Afterword, Blackmark 30th Anniversary Edition (Fantagraphics Books, 2002) ISBN 1-56097-456-7
• Comic Art Grafix Gallery: Gil Kane
• Secret Identities

Further reading[link]

• Herman, Daniel, Gil Kane: The Art of the Comics (Hermes Press, Neshannock, Pennsylvania, 2001), ISBN 0-9710311-1-8 (hardcover), ISBN 0-9710311-2-6 (trade paperback)
• Herman, Daniel,Gil Kane Art and Interviews (Hermes Press, Neshannock, Pennsylvania, 2002), ISBN 0-9710311-6-9, ISBN 978-0-9710311-6-6

External links[link]

Biography portal

• Radford, Bill. "Influence of Master Comic Illustrator Will Not Be Erased", The Gazette Colorado Springs, Colorado, February 13, 2000. Archive.org archive.
• Schenk, Ramon. "Gil Kane Index". Archived from the original on September 20, 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20050920075707/http://www.ramonschenk.nl/gilkane/gilkanechecklist.htm. 

Paul Newman
Circa 1950s
Born	Paul Leonard Newman (1925-01-26)January 26, 1925 Shaker Heights, Ohio
Died	September 26, 2008(2008-09-26) (aged 83) Westport, Connecticut
Cause of death	Lung cancer
Residence	Westport, Connecticut
Education	Shaker Heights High School
Alma mater	Kenyon College (B.A.), Ohio University
Occupation	Actor, director, entrepreneur
Years active	1951-2008
Known for	Founder of Newman's Own
Home town	Shaker Heights, Ohio
Political party	Democrat
Spouse	Jackie Witte (1949-1958; divorced) Joanne Woodward (1958-2008; his death)
Children	Scott Newman (1950–1978) Shauna Newman (b.1951) Jack Newman (b.1953) Nell Newman (b.1959) Melanie Newman (b.1960) Melissa Newman (b.1961)
Awards	Academy Award in 1986 Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences Golden Globe Award BAFTA Award Screen Actors Guild Award Cannes Film Festival Award Emmy Award

Paul Leonard Newman (January 26, 1925 – September 26, 2008)^[1] was an American actor, film director, entrepreneur, humanitarian, professional racing driver, auto racing team owner, and auto racing enthusiast. He won numerous awards, including an Academy Award for best actor for his performance in the 1986 Martin Scorsese film The Color of Money and eight other nominations,^[2] three Golden Globe Awards, a BAFTA Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, a Cannes Film Festival Award, an Emmy award, and many honorary awards. He also won several national championships as a driver in Sports Car Club of America road racing, and his race teams won several championships in open wheel IndyCar racing.

Newman was a co-founder of Newman's Own, a food company from which Newman donated all post-tax profits and royalties to charity.^[3] As of July 2011, these donations exceeded $300 million.^[3]

Early life[link]

Newman was born in Shaker Heights (a suburb of Cleveland). He was the son of Theresa (née Fetzer or Fetsko; Slovak: Terézia Fecková)^[4][5] and Arthur Sigmund Newman, who ran a profitable sporting goods store.^[6][7][8] His father was Jewish (Paul's paternal grandparents, Simon Newman and Hannah Cohn, were immigrants from Hungary and Poland).^[7][9] His mother, who practiced Christian Science, was born to a Slovak Roman Catholic family at Humenné, Ptičie (formerly Pticsie) in the former Kingdom of Hungary, Austria–Hungary (now Humenné in Slovakia).^[5][10] Newman had no religion as an adult, but described himself as a Jew, stating that "it's more of a challenge".^[11] Newman's mother worked in his father's store, while raising Paul and his brother, Arthur, who later became a producer and production manager.^[12]

Newman showed an early interest in the theater, which his mother encouraged. At the age of seven, he made his acting debut, playing the court jester in a school production of Robin Hood. Graduating from Shaker Heights High School in 1943, he briefly attended Ohio University in Athens, Ohio, where he was initiated into the Phi Kappa Tau fraternity.^[12]

Military service[link]

Navy portrait of Newman

Newman served in the United States Navy in World War II in the Pacific theater.^[12] Newman enrolled in the Navy V-12 program at Ohio University, hoping to be accepted for pilot training, but was dropped when it was discovered he was color blind.^[12][13] He was sent instead to boot camp and then received further training as a radioman and gunner. Qualifying as a rear-seat radioman and gunner in torpedo bombers, in 1944, Aviation Radioman Third Class Newman was sent to Barber's Point, Hawaii. He was subsequently assigned to Pacific-based replacement torpedo squadrons (VT-98, VT-99, and VT-100). These torpedo squadrons were responsible primarily for training replacement pilots and combat air crewmen, placing particular importance on carrier landings.^[13]

He later flew from aircraft carriers as a turret gunner in an Avenger torpedo bomber. As a radioman-gunner, he served aboard the USS Bunker Hill during the Battle of Okinawa in the spring of 1945. He was ordered to the ship with a draft of replacements shortly before the Okinawa campaign, but his life was spared because he was held back after his pilot developed an ear infection. The men who remained in his detail were killed in action.^[14]

After the war, he completed his Bachelor of Arts degree in English and Speech at Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio in 1949.^[12][15] Newman later attended the Yale School of Drama for one year before moving to New York City to study under Lee Strasberg at the Actors Studio.^[12]

Oscar Levant wrote that Newman initially was hesitant to leave New York for Hollywood: "Too close to the cake," he reported him saying, "Also, no place to study."^[16]

Career[link]

Early work and mainstream success[link]

Newman arrived in New York City in 1951 with his first wife Jackie Witte, taking up residence in the St. George section of Staten Island.^[17] He made his Broadway theater debut in the original production of William Inge's Picnic with Kim Stanley in 1953 and appeared in the original Broadway production of The Desperate Hours in 1955. In 1959, he was in the original Broadway production of Sweet Bird of Youth with Geraldine Page and three years later starred with Page in the film version.

During this time Newman started acting in television. He had his first credited TV or film appearance with a small but notable part in a 1952 episode of the science fiction TV series Tales of Tomorrow entitled "Ice from Space".^[18] In the mid-1950s, he appeared twice on CBS's Appointment with Adventure anthology series.

In February 1954, Newman appeared in a screen test with James Dean, directed by Gjon Mili, for East of Eden (1955). Newman was testing for the role of Aron Trask, Dean for the role of Aron's fraternal twin brother Cal. Dean won his part, but Newman lost out to Richard Davalos. In the same year, Newman co-starred with Eva Marie Saint and Frank Sinatra in a live —and color —television broadcast of Our Town, a musical adaptation of Thornton Wilder's stage play. Newman was a last-minute replacement for James Dean.^[19] In 2003, Newman acted in a remake of Our Town, this time in the role of the stage manager.

His first movie for Hollywood was The Silver Chalice (1954). The film was a box office failure and the actor would later acknowledge his disdain for it.^[20] In 1956, Newman garnered much attention and acclaim with Somebody Up There Likes Me as boxer Rocky Graziano. By 1958, he was one of the hottest new stars in Hollywood. Later that year, he starred in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958), opposite Elizabeth Taylor. The film was a box office smash and Newman garnered his first Academy Award nomination. Also in 1958, Newman starred in The Long, Hot Summer with Joanne Woodward, whom he met on the set. He won best actor at the 1958 Cannes Film Festival for this film.

Major films[link]

Newman was one of the few actors who successfully made the transition from 1950s cinema to that of the 1960s and 1970s. His rebellious persona translated well to a subsequent generation. Newman starred in Exodus (1960), The Hustler (1961), Hud (1963), Harper (1966), Hombre (1967), Cool Hand Luke (1967), The Towering Inferno (1974), Slap Shot (1977), and The Verdict (1982). He teamed with fellow actor Robert Redford and director George Roy Hill for Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) and The Sting (1973).

He appeared with his wife, Joanne Woodward, in the feature films The Long, Hot Summer (1958), Rally 'Round the Flag, Boys!, (1958), From the Terrace (1960), Paris Blues (1961), A New Kind of Love (1963), Winning (1969), WUSA (1970), The Drowning Pool (1975), Harry & Son (1984), and Mr. and Mrs. Bridge (1990). They both also starred in the HBO miniseries Empire Falls, but did not have any scenes together.

in The Hustler with Piper Laurie

In addition to starring in and directing Harry & Son, Newman also directed four feature films (in which he did not act) starring Woodward. They were Rachel, Rachel (1968), based on Margaret Laurence's A Jest of God, the screen version of the Pulitzer Prize-winning play The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds (1972), the television screen version of the Pulitzer Prize-winning play The Shadow Box (1980), and a screen version of Tennessee Williams' The Glass Menagerie (1987).

Twenty-five years after The Hustler, Newman reprised his role of "Fast" Eddie Felson in the Martin Scorsese-directed The Color of Money (1986), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor. He told a television interviewer that winning an Oscar at the age of 62 deprived him of his fantasy of formally being presented with it in extreme old age.^{[citation needed]}

Last works[link]

In 2003, he appeared in a Broadway revival of Wilder's Our Town, receiving his first Tony Award nomination for his performance. PBS and the cable network Showtime aired a taping of the production, and Newman was nominated for an Emmy Award^[21] for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or TV Movie.

His last screen appearance was as a conflicted mob boss in the 2002 film Road to Perdition opposite Tom Hanks, although he continued to provide voice work for films.

In 2005 at age 80, Newman was profiled alongside Robert Redford as part of the Sundance Channel's TV series Iconoclasts.^[22]

In 2006, in keeping with his strong interest in car racing, he provided the voice of Doc Hudson, a retired anthropomorphic race car in Disney/Pixar's Cars - this was his final performance for a major feature film.

Similarly, he served as narrator for the 2007 film Dale, about the life of the legendary NASCAR driver Dale Earnhardt, which turned out to be Newman's final film performance in any form. Newman also provided the narration for the film documentary The Meerkats, which was released in 2008.

Retirement from acting[link]

Newman announced that he would entirely retire from acting on May 25, 2007. He stated that he did not feel he could continue acting at the level he wanted to. "You start to lose your memory, you start to lose your confidence, you start to lose your invention. So I think that's pretty much a closed book for me."^[23]

Philanthropy[link]

Newman in 2007

With writer A. E. Hotchner, Newman founded Newman's Own, a line of food products, in 1982. The brand started with salad dressing, and has expanded to include pasta sauce, lemonade, popcorn, salsa, and wine, among other things. Newman established a policy that all proceeds, after taxes, would be donated to charity. As of 2010, the franchise has donated in excess of $300 million.^[3] He co-wrote a memoir about the subject with Hotchner, Shameless Exploitation in Pursuit of the Common Good. Among other awards, Newman's Own co-sponsors the PEN/Newman's Own First Amendment Award, a $25,000 reward designed to recognize those who protect the First Amendment as it applies to the written word.^[24]

One beneficiary of his philanthropy is the Hole in the Wall Gang Camp, a residential summer camp for seriously ill children, which is located in Ashford, Connecticut. Newman co-founded the camp in 1988; it was named after the gang in his film Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969). Newman's college fraternity, Phi Kappa Tau, adopted Hole in the Wall as their "national philanthropy" in 1995. One camp has expanded to become several Hole in the Wall Camps in the U.S., Ireland, France, and Israel. The camps serve 13,000 children every year, free of charge.^[3]

In June 1999, Newman donated $250,000 to Catholic Relief Services to aid refugees in Kosovo.^[25]

On June 1, 2007, Kenyon College announced that Newman had donated $10 million to the school to establish a scholarship fund as part of the college's current $230 million fund-raising campaign. Newman and Woodward were honorary co-chairs of a previous campaign.^[26]

Newman was one of the founders of the Committee Encouraging Corporate Philanthropy (CECP), a membership organization of CEOs and corporate chairpersons committed to raising the level and quality of global corporate philanthropy. Founded in 1999 by Newman and a few leading CEOs, CECP has grown to include more than 175 members and, through annual executive convenings, extensive benchmarking research, and best practice publications, leads the business community in developing sustainable and strategic community partnerships through philanthropy.^[27]

Newman was named the Most Generous Celebrity of 2008 by Givingback.org. He contributed $20,857,000 for the year of 2008 to the Newman's Own Foundation, which distributes funds to a variety of charities.^[28]

Upon Newman's death, the Italian newspaper (a "semi-official" paper of the Holy See) L'Osservatore Romano published a notice lauding Newman's philanthropy. It also commented that "Newman was a generous heart, an actor of a dignity and style rare in Hollywood quarters."^[29]

Marriages and family[link]

Newman and his wife Joanne Woodward in 1960

Newman was married to Jackie Witte^[12] from 1949 to 1958. They had two daughters (Susan Kendall born in 1953 and Stephanie)^[12] and a son, Scott, who died in November 1978 from a drug overdose.^[30] He appeared in films including Breakheart Pass, The Towering Inferno and the 1977 film Fraternity Row. Paul Newman started the Scott Newman Center for drug abuse prevention in memory of his son.^[31] Susan is a documentary filmmaker and philanthropist and has Broadway and screen credits, including a starring role as one of four Beatles fans in I Wanna Hold Your Hand (1978), and also a small role opposite her father in Slap Shot. She also received an Emmy nomination as co-producer of his telefilm, The Shadow Box.

Newman met actress Joanne Woodward in 1953. Shortly after filming The Long, Hot Summer, in 1957 he divorced Witte. He married Woodward early in 1958. They remained married for fifty years until his death in 2008.^[32] They had three daughters: Elinor "Nell" Teresa (b. 1959), Melissa "Lissy" Stewart (b. 1961), and Claire "Clea" Olivia (b. 1965). Newman directed Nell (using the stage name Nell Potts) alongside her mother in the films Rachel, Rachel and The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds.

The Newmans lived away from the Hollywood environment, making their home in Westport, Connecticut. Newman was well known for his devotion to his wife and family. When asked once about infidelity, he famously quipped, "Why go out for a hamburger when you have steak at home?"^[33]

Political activism[link]

Newman at a political rally for Eugene McCarthy in 1968

For his support of Eugene McCarthy in 1968 (and effective use of television commercials in California) and his opposition to the War in Vietnam, Newman was placed nineteenth on Richard Nixon's enemies list,^[34] which Newman claimed was his greatest accomplishment.

Consistent with his work for liberal causes, Newman publicly supported Ned Lamont's candidacy in the 2006 Connecticut Democratic Primary against Senator Joe Lieberman, and was even rumored as a candidate himself, until Lamont emerged as a credible alternative. He donated to Chris Dodd's presidential campaign.^[35]

He attended the first Earth Day event in Manhattan on April 22, 1970. Newman was also a vocal supporter of gay rights.^[36]

Newman was concerned over global warming and supported nuclear energy development as a solution.^[37]

Auto racing[link]

A Newman Lola race car

Newman was an avid auto racing enthusiast, and first became interested in motorsports ("the first thing that I ever found I had any grace in") while training at the Watkins Glen Racing School for the filming of Winning, a 1969 film. Because of his love and passion for racing, Newman agreed in 1971 to star in and to host his first television special, Once Upon a Wheel, on the history of auto racing. It was produced and directed by David Winters, who co-owned a number of racing cars with Newman.^[38][39] Newman's first professional event as a racer was in 1972, in Thompson, Connecticut, and he was a frequent competitor in Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) events for the rest of the decade, eventually winning four national championships. He later drove in the 1979 24 Hours of Le Mans in Dick Barbour's Porsche 935 and finished in second place.^[40] Newman reunited with Barbour in 2000 to compete in the Petit Le Mans.^[41]

From the mid-1970s to the early 1990s, he drove for the Bob Sharp Racing team, racing mainly Datsuns (later rebranded as Nissans) in the Trans-Am Series. He became closely associated with the brand during the 1980s, even appearing in commercials for them. At the age of 70 years and 8 days, he became the oldest driver to be part of a winning team in a major sanctioned race,^[42] winning in his class at the 1995 24 Hours of Daytona.^[43] Among his last races were the Baja 1000 in 2004 and the 24 Hours of Daytona once again in 2005.^[44]

Newman initially owned his own racing team, which competed in the Can-Am series, but later co-founded Newman/Haas Racing with Carl Haas, a Champ Car team, in 1983. The 1996 racing season was chronicled in the IMAX film Super Speedway, which Newman narrated. He was also a partner in the Atlantic Championship team Newman Wachs Racing. Newman owned a NASCAR Winston Cup car, before selling it to Penske Racing, where it now serves as the #12 car.

Newman was posthumously inducted into the SCCA Hall of Fame at the national convention in Las Vegas, Nevada on February 21, 2009.^[45]

Illness and death[link]

Newman was scheduled to make his professional stage directing debut with the Westport Country Playhouse's 2008 production of John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men, but he stepped down on May 23, 2008, citing health issues.^[46]

In June 2008, it was widely reported that Newman, a former chain smoker, had been diagnosed with lung cancer and was receiving treatment at Sloan-Kettering hospital in New York City.^[47] Photographs taken of Newman in May and June showed him looking gaunt.^{[citation needed]} Writer A. E. Hotchner, who partnered with Newman to start the Newman's Own company in the 1980s, told the Associated Press that Newman told him about the disease about eighteen months prior to the interview.^[48] Newman's spokesman told the press that the star was "doing nicely," but neither confirmed nor denied that he had cancer.^[49] In August, after reportedly finishing chemotherapy, Newman told his family he wished to die at home.

Newman died on September 26, 2008, aged 83, surrounded by his family and close friends.^[50][51] His remains were cremated after a private funeral service near his home in Westport.^[52]

Filmography, awards, and nominations[link]

As actor[link]

As director or producer[link]

Additional awards and honors[link]

In addition to the awards Newman won for specific roles, he received an honorary Academy Award in 1986 for his "many and memorable and compelling screen performances" and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award for his charity work in 1994.

He received the Golden Globe New Star of the Year — Actor award for The Silver Chalice (1957), the Henrietta Award World Film Favorite — Male in 1964 and 1966 and the Cecil B. DeMille Award for Lifetime Achievement in 1984.

Newman won Best Actor at the Cannes Film Festival for The Long, Hot Summer and the Silver Bear at the Berlin Film Festival for Nobody's Fool.

In 1968, Newman was named "Man of the Year" by Harvard University's performance group, the Hasty Pudding Theatricals.

Newman Day has been celebrated at Kenyon College, Bates College, Princeton University, and other American colleges since the 1970s. In 2004, Newman requested that Princeton University disassociate the event from his name, due to the fact that he did not endorse the behaviors, citing his creation of the Scott Newman Centre in 1980, which is "dedicated to the prevention of substance abuse through education".^[55]

Posthumously, Newman was inducted into the Connecticut Hall of Fame, and was honored with a 37-acre (150,000 m²) nature preserve in Westport named in his honor. He was also honored by the United States House of Representatives following his death.

Published work[link]

• Newman, Paul; Hotchner, A.E. Newman's Own Cookbook. Simon & Schuster, 1998. ISBN 0-684-84832-5.
• Newman, Paul; Hotchner, A.E. Shameless Exploitation in Pursuit of the Common Good. Doubleday Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0-385-50802-6.

See also[link]

• List of select Jewish racing drivers

Notes[link]