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Amherst College
Amherst College is a private liberal arts college located in Amherst, Massachusetts, United States. Amherst is an exclusively undergraduate four-year institution and enrolled 1,744 students in the fall of 2009. Students choose courses from 35 major programs in an unusually open curriculum.
http://wn.com/Amherst_College -
Australia
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Australia -
Brown University
http://wn.com/Brown_University -
Calvert School
Calvert School is a kindergarten through 8th grade co-ed school in Baltimore, Maryland. The school uses a unique curriculum and has a homeschooling division which administers the curriculum shipped to families around the United States and the world. Developed in 1907, the home school curriculum grew by being advertised in the National Geographic magazine as a kindergarten program for those wishing to offer a better education to their children at the cost of five dollars.
http://wn.com/Calvert_School -
Columbia University
Columbia University in the City of New York (Columbia University) is a private research university in New York City and a member of the Ivy League. Columbia is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York, the fifth oldest in the United States, and one of the country's nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution. It was founded in 1754 as King's College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain, and is one of only three United States universities to have been founded under such authority.
http://wn.com/Columbia_University -
Cornell University
Cornell University (, {{respell|kor-) is an Ivy League university located in Ithaca, New York. It is a private land-grant university which receives funding from the State of New York for certain educational missions.
http://wn.com/Cornell_University -
England
England () is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
http://wn.com/England -
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, established in 1636 by the Massachusetts legislature. Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and the first corporation (officially The President and Fellows of Harvard College) chartered in the country.
http://wn.com/Harvard_University -
United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
http://wn.com/United_States
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Adult
An adult is a human being or living organism that is of relatively mature age, typically associated with sexual maturity and the attainment of reproductive age.
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Hugo F. Sonnenschein
http://wn.com/Hugo_F_Sonnenschein -
John Dewey
http://wn.com/John_Dewey -
Society
A society or a human society is (1) a group of people related to each other through persistent relations such as social status, roles and social networks. (2) A large social grouping that shares the same geographical territory and is subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. Human societies are characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals sharing a distinctive culture and institutions. Without an article, the term refers either to the entirety of humanity or a contextually specific subset of people.
http://wn.com/Society
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What is Curriculum? - By Chad Folkersma
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:13
- Published: 07 Dec 2010
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
Sir Ken Robinson, Creativity, Learning & the Curriculum
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:27
- Published: 21 Mar 2011
- Updated: 06 Oct 2012
Edited highlights from Sir Ken Robinson's talk at Learning Without Frontiers recorded March 16th, 2011, London.
http://wn.com/Sir_Ken_Robinson,_Creativity,_Learning_the_Curriculum
YouTube Digital Citizenship Curriculum
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:36
- Published: 06 Jul 2012
- Updated: 19 Sep 2012
An exciting initiative for students and teachers to develop digital literacy skills on YouTube and across the wider web in a few short lessons. To take part, go to www.google.com or www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/YouTube_Digital_Citizenship_Curriculum
Visual Literacy Across the Curriculum
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:46
- Published: 22 Feb 2009
- Updated: 05 Oct 2012
This movie was made to inspire teachers of all subject areas to appreciate the opportunity for learning using visual imagery in their classes. It offers questions that can be asked of the students to promote higher order thinking skills and deeper levels of comprehension. Created for all teachers of every grade level.
http://wn.com/Visual_Literacy_Across_the_Curriculum
TEDxNYED - Dan Meyer - 03/06/10
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:09
- Published: 13 Apr 2010
- Updated: 29 Sep 2012
Dan Meyer teaches high school math outside of Santa Cruz, CA, and explores the intersection of math instruction, multimedia, and inquiry-based learning. He received his Masters of Arts from the University of California at Davis in 2005 and Cable in the Classroom's Leader in Learning award in 2008. He currently works for Google as a curriculum fellow and lives with his wife in Santa Cruz, CA. About TEDx, x = independently organized event In the spirit of ideas worth spreading, TEDx is a program of local, self-organized events that bring people together to share a TED-like experience. At a TEDx event, TEDTalks video and live speakers combine to spark deep discussion and connection in a small group. These local, self-organized events are branded TEDx, where x = independently organized TED event. The TED Conference provides general guidance for the TEDx program, but individual TEDx events are self-organized.* (*Subject to certain rules and regulations)
http://wn.com/TEDxNYED_Dan_Meyer_03_06_10
An Introduction to the Montessori Math Curriculum
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:09
- Published: 13 Aug 2009
- Updated: 04 Oct 2012
This DVD provides an overview of how the Montessori approach to mathematics moves from the concrete to the abstract. The DVD covers the curriculum from age 3 through 12 and is available at www.edvid.com. It is 25 minutes in length.
http://wn.com/An_Introduction_to_the_Montessori_Math_Curriculum
Heidi Hayes Jacobs - What is Curriculum Mapping
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:21
- Published: 03 Apr 2012
- Updated: 27 Sep 2012
First in a series of student-produced video interviews with Heidi Hayes Jacobs by West Chester East Senior Class President Matt Young.
http://wn.com/Heidi_Hayes_Jacobs_What_is_Curriculum_Mapping
emergent curriculum
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:10
- Published: 25 Mar 2009
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
An overview of emergent curriculum, what it is, how it works, etc.
http://wn.com/emergent_curriculum
Canibus - Curriculum 101
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:46
- Published: 02 Jul 2009
- Updated: 08 Aug 2012
Mic Club: The Curriculum ©2002 Mic Club
http://wn.com/Canibus_Curriculum_101
Google Earth - Curriculum Development Workshop
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 156:38
- Published: 06 Jan 2011
- Updated: 28 Sep 2012
Ken Shelton presents a workshop on ways to use Google Earth in your curriculum. Ken teaches middle school in Los Angeles Unified School District. This video covers amazing techniques and inspiration for using the Google Earth application to enhance your curriculum and engage students in learning for almost any topic.
http://wn.com/Google_Earth_Curriculum_Development_Workshop
Como hacer un Curriculum Vitae exitoso en 5 minutos
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:46
- Published: 13 Nov 2007
- Updated: 06 Oct 2012
Gisela Gilges nos enseña a diseñar un Curriculum Vitae exitoso en tan sólo 5 minutos para presentar en empresas y oportunidades de empleo.
http://wn.com/Como_hacer_un_Curriculum_Vitae_exitoso_en_5_minutos
Home School Curriculum: Geography : Teaching Method for Home Schooling
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:59
- Published: 22 Feb 2008
- Updated: 28 Aug 2012
Learn about teaching methods for home schooling with expert tips from an experienced teacher and home school authority in this free homeschooling video clip. Expert: Jennifer Miller Bio: Tony and Jennifer Miller live in northern New Hampshire with their four children. Tony works from home as a computer systems engineer. Filmmaker: Bryan Powers
http://wn.com/Home_School_Curriculum_Geography_Teaching_Method_for_Home_Schooling
Designing Integrated Curriculum
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:20
- Published: 20 Apr 2010
- Updated: 31 Aug 2012
Learn about one team's process for developing an integrated forensic project that meets state standards of various subject areas' curriculum units.
http://wn.com/Designing_Integrated_Curriculum
Curriculum for Excellence 1: Latest developments
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:50
- Published: 02 Dec 2009
- Updated: 06 Jun 2012
What really happened on Fiona Hyslop's last day.
http://wn.com/Curriculum_for_Excellence_1_Latest_developments
The National Curriculum Review
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:19
- Published: 18 Jan 2011
- Updated: 12 Jun 2012
On 20 January 2011 Michael Gove, the Secretary of State for Education, announced a review of the primary and secondary National Curriculum in England. Watch this short film where members of the Advisory Committee and Expert Panel share their views on the importance of the review. You can find details of the aims, objectives and rationale for the review, as well as other related documents, on the Department's website www.education.gov.uk .
http://wn.com/The_National_Curriculum_Review
Graeme Anthony CVIV - Intro
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:03
- Published: 24 Aug 2010
- Updated: 05 Oct 2012
Please note that I am now permanently employed but this CVIV video has been made public in the hope that it inspires others to demonstrate their natural creativity and secure work. Graeme Anthony CVIV - Skills Email - graeme.anthony [at] hotmail.co.uk Twitter - twitter.com Blog - commsanarchy.wordpress.com Credits: Created and produced by Graeme Anthony. Directed and filmed by Daniel Burdett from Heavyweight Media - www.thisisheavy.co.uk
http://wn.com/Graeme_Anthony_CVIV_Intro
Mobile Think Tank - Curriculum Development Workshop
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 114:39
- Published: 21 Dec 2010
- Updated: 23 Sep 2012
Digital Media Center 's Mobile Think Tank Curriculum Development Workshop focused on using mobile devices in education. Topics covered included Mind Mapping and mobile apps, Skype to bring well known experts into the classroom, Poll Anywhere to easily get feedback using SMS, and Blackboard Learn for mobile devices. Workshop was led by Michelle Pacansky-Brock.
http://wn.com/Mobile_Think_Tank_Curriculum_Development_Workshop
Curriculum vitae
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:04
- Published: 20 Jan 2008
- Updated: 04 Oct 2012
animation from Czech animator Pavel Koutský, 1986
http://wn.com/Curriculum_vitae
Homeschool Curriculum - 5 Mistakes to Avoid When Choosing
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:33
- Published: 22 Mar 2010
- Updated: 30 Sep 2012
Are you looking for the best homeschool curriculum? Here are 5 mistakes you want to avoid when choosing a homeschooling curriculum. For more information, download my free ebook, 7 Secrets to Finding the Best Home School Curriculum: www.successful-homeschooling.com
http://wn.com/Homeschool_Curriculum_5_Mistakes_to_Avoid_When_Choosing
Curriculum for Excellence 4: Glow
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:20
- Published: 30 Jan 2010
- Updated: 23 May 2012
Fiona Hyslop rolls out "Glow" across Scotland and Mike Russell finally prepares to take charge of Curriculum for Excellence
http://wn.com/Curriculum_for_Excellence_4_Glow
Como hacer un Curriculum Vitae en Word
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:57
- Published: 04 Mar 2012
- Updated: 06 Oct 2012
En Word 2007 podemos hacer un Curriculum Vitae de forma rapida, simple y sencilla, con las plantillas que trae el programa. Como usar Word www.thenacoosweb.com
http://wn.com/Como_hacer_un_Curriculum_Vitae_en_Word
A Living Curriculum
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:01
- Published: 28 Jul 2009
- Updated: 29 May 2012
As we enter the 21st Century will the traditional curriculum sustain us? The need for a new way of thinking is becoming more prevalent, a human-centred curriculum that nourishes each child and develops a lifelong love of learning. One based on constructivist principles, that also embraces human centredness and values.
http://wn.com/A_Living_Curriculum
Curriculum for Excellence 2: Assessment
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:19
- Published: 13 Dec 2009
- Updated: 06 Jun 2012
A rare insight into how Fiona Hyslop's office worked with Learning Teaching Scotland to get us where we are in terms of assessment.
http://wn.com/Curriculum_for_Excellence_2_Assessment
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US Coastguard / Petty Officer 2nd Class Patrick Kelley.
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US Coastguard / Petty Officer 3rd Class Cory J. Mendenhall.
US Coastguard / Petty Officer 3rd Class Cory J. Mendenhall.
US Coastguard / Petty Officer 2nd Class Zac Crawford, U.S. Coast Guard.
US Coastguard / Petty Officer 2nd Class Zac Crawford, U.S. Coast Guard.
US Coastguard / Petty Officer 2nd Class Zac Crawford, U.S. Coast Guard.
US Coastguard / Petty Officer 2nd Class Zac Crawford, U.S. Coast Guard.
US Coastguard / Petty Officer 2nd Class Zac Crawford, U.S. Coast Guard.
US Coastguard / Petty Officer 2nd Class Zac Crawford, U.S. Coast Guard.
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AP / Harry Cabluck![College Ten, Each of the colleges has its own, distinctive architectural style and a resident faculty provost, who is the nominal head of his or her college.[55] An incoming first-year student will take a mandatory](http://web.archive.org./web/20121006231232im_/http://cdn9.wn.com/pd/87/d1/3270029ab5e793bc2843fc49db90_small.jpg "College Ten, Each of the colleges has its own, distinctive architectural style and a resident faculty provost, who is the nominal head of his or her college.[55] An incoming first-year student will take a mandatory")
Creative Commons / Szyslak![Oakes College each of the colleges has its own, distinctive architectural style and a resident faculty provost, who is the nominal head of his or her college.[55] An incoming first-year student will take a mandatory](http://web.archive.org./web/20121006231232im_/http://cdn9.wn.com/pd/89/b3/b0efde7753945192aba25cad4722_small.jpg "Oakes College each of the colleges has its own, distinctive architectural style and a resident faculty provost, who is the nominal head of his or her college.[55] An incoming first-year student will take a mandatory")
Creative Commons / Szyslak
![College Ten, Each of the colleges has its own, distinctive architectural style and a resident faculty provost, who is the nominal head of his or her college.[55] An incoming first-year student will take a mandatory](http://web.archive.org./web/20121006231232/http://cdn3.wn.com/pd/87/d1/3270029ab5e793bc2843fc49db90_medium.jpg "College Ten, Each of the colleges has its own, distinctive architectural style and a resident faculty provost, who is the nominal head of his or her college.[55] An incoming first-year student will take a mandatory")
![Oakes College each of the colleges has its own, distinctive architectural style and a resident faculty provost, who is the nominal head of his or her college.[55] An incoming first-year student will take a mandatory](http://web.archive.org./web/20121006231232/http://cdn3.wn.com/pd/89/b3/b0efde7753945192aba25cad4722_medium.jpg "Oakes College each of the colleges has its own, distinctive architectural style and a resident faculty provost, who is the nominal head of his or her college.[55] An incoming first-year student will take a mandatory")
Photo: DOD / Public Domain
04 Oct 2012
In Afghanistan, the US military has tried training sessions, embedded cultural advisers, recommended reading lists, and even a video game designed to school American troops in local custom. But 11...
Photo: AP / Peter Dejong
03 Oct 2012
Champions League-Klassiker in Amsterdam. Ajax empfing am zweiten Spieltag der Könisklasse das „Weiße Ballett“ aus Madrid. Am Ende siegten die Königlichen mit 4:1. Von Heik Kölsch Mehr zu : ...
Photo: AP / Kirsty Wigglesworth
06 Oct 2012
AFP - Radical Islamist preacher Abu Hamza and four other terror suspects were on their way from Britain to the United States on Saturday after a court rejected their last-ditch court bid to block...
Photo: AP / Charlie Neibergall
04 Oct 2012
DENVER -- In the first presidential debate of the fall campaign, Mitt Romney defended himself Wednesday night against charges from President Barack Obama that his tax-cut plan would favor the wealthy....
Photo: AP
04 Oct 2012
TURKEY doesn't want war with Syria but it's determined to protect its borders and its people, the country's prime minister declared Thursday. Turkey's Prime Minister Recep Tayyip...
Photo: AP / Gerry Broome
06 Oct 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling The day after learning about Classical Greek Civilization, it was no surprise that most students only recalled nude males competing in the Olympics, the...
Photo: DOD / Public Domain
02 Oct 2012
During a recent visit to the United States, I was asked by intellectuals and journalists: Were we misled, during the Arab awakening, into thinking that Muslims could actually embrace democratic...
The Business Review
‘This is what business has been looking for,’ Mark Cuban says Dallas Business Journal by Bill Hethcock, Staff Writer Date: Friday, October 5, 2012, 5:00am CDT - Last Modified: Thursday, October 4, 2012, 3:43pm CDT...(size: 12.7Kb)
PR Newswire
, Oct. 4, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- In a historic transition, trustees of Criswell College voted to approve a recommendation to expand the school's current college curriculum to a university model and to consider adding a residential campus during its trustee meeting, Oct. 4....(size: 4.2Kb)
All Africa
[Vanguard]Governor Babatunde Raji...(size: 0.2Kb)
CBC
The governments of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut have joined forces to create a mandatory curriculum for high school students to learn the legacy and history of residential schools. “We all need to realize this very, very key point: that residential schools are not aboriginal history, this...(size: 2.6Kb)
The Examiner
Advertisement In 2010, Jennifer Keeton, then a student at Augusta State University, was pursuing a degree in Counseling when she was faced with the quandary of being required to counsel homosexuals and transgendered persons. Her reason for refusing to counsel was her religious belief that disagrees...(size: 8.5Kb)
Comprehensive curriculum first of its kind in Canada (Government of the Northwest Territories)
02 Oct 2012
noodls
Oct 22012 YELLOWKNIFE (October 2, 2012) - A comprehensive curriculum on Residential Schools was launched today at the start of a three day information session for teachers from the Northwest Territories and Nunavut. Launched by the Honourable Jackson Lafferty, Minister of Education, Culture and...(size: 9.8Kb)
The Guardian
Karen Eslea introduces the Youth Navigators programme, which challenges young people to learn about and through visual art Youth Navigators discussing artworks at the Turner Contemporary. Photograph: Turner Contemporary...(size: 6.5Kb)
The Daily Telegraph
Private schools will be given new powers to drop the controversial “nappy curriculum” for under-fives under new plans, it was announced today. Independent schools have been given new freedom to drop the Early Years Foundation Stage framework. Photo: ALAMY...(size: 13.6Kb)
noodls
02/10/2012 12:00:00 Teachers from more than 300 Hampshire schools attended a special conference organised by Hampshire County Council to examine developments to the national curriculum. Keynote speaker at the conference was Tim Oates, chair of the Expert Panel advising the Government on the national...(size: 4.3Kb)
Splash Media U, GILD Team to Bring Standardized Social Media Curriculum to Higher Education Partners ...
02 Oct 2012
Yahoo Daily News
Joint venture between Splash Media, LP and the Global Institute for Language and Literacy Development, L.L.C., is designed to educate students using real-life examples of how social media marketing actually works for businesses of all sizes. Dallas (PRWEB) October 02, 2012 Splash Media U, the online...(size: 8.4Kb)
Not to be confused with Curriculum vitae.
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This article needs attention from an expert on the subject. Please add a reason or a talk parameter to this template to explain the issue with the article. WikiProject Education may be able to help recruit an expert. (February 2009) |
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See also Syllabus.
In formal education, a curriculum (
/kəˈrɪkjʉləm/; plural: curricula /kəˈrɪkjʉlə/ or curriculums) is the set of courses, and their content, offered at a school or university. As an idea, curriculum stems from the Latin word for race course, referring to the course of deeds and experiences through which children grow to become mature adults. A curriculum is prescriptive, and is based on a more general syllabus which merely specifies what topics must be understood and to what level to achieve a particular grade or standard. Curriculum has numerous definitions, which can be slightly confusing. In its broadest sense a curriculum may refer to all courses offered at a school. This is particularly true of schools at the university level, where the diversity of a curriculum might be an attractive point to a potential student.
A curriculum may also refer to a defined and prescribed course of studies, which students must fulfill in order to pass a certain level of education. For example, an elementary school might discuss how its curriculum, or its entire sum of lessons and teachings, is designed to improve national testing scores or help students learn the basics. An individual teacher might also refer to his or her curriculum, meaning all the subjects that will be taught during a school year.
On the other hand, a high school might refer to a curriculum as the courses required in order to receive one’s diploma. They might also refer to curriculum in exactly the same way as the elementary school, and use curriculum to mean both individual courses needed to pass, and the overall offering of courses, which help prepare a student for life after high school.
Contents |
Historical conception[link]
In The Curriculum,[1] the first textbook published on the subject, in 1918, John Franklin Bobbitt said that curriculum, as an idea, has its roots in the Latin word for race-course, explaining the curriculum as the course of deeds and experiences through which children become the adults they should be, for success in adult society. Furthermore, the curriculum encompasses the entire scope of formative deed and experience occurring in and out of school, and not only experiences occurring in school; experiences that are unplanned and undirected, and experiences intentionally directed for the purposeful formation of adult members of society. (cf. image at right.)
To Bobbitt, the curriculum is a social engineering arena. Per his cultural presumptions and social definitions, his curricular formulation has two notable features: (i) that scientific experts would best be qualified to and justified in designing curricula based upon their expert knowledge of what qualities are desirable in adult members of society, and which experiences would generate said qualities; and (ii) curriculum defined as the deeds-experiences the student ought to have to become the adult he or she ought to become.
Hence, he defined the curriculum as an ideal, rather than as the concrete reality of the deeds and experiences that form people to who and what they are.
Contemporary views of curriculum reject these features of Bobbitt's postulates, but retain the basis of curriculum as the course of experience(s) that forms human beings into persons. Personal formation via curricula is studied at the personal level and at the group level, i.e. cultures and societies (e.g. professional formation, academic discipline via historical experience). The formation of a group is reciprocal, with the formation of its individual participants.
Although it formally appeared in Bobbitt's definition, curriculum as a course of formative experience also pervades John Dewey's work (who disagreed with Bobbitt on important matters). Although Bobbitt's and Dewey's idealistic understanding of "curriculum" is different from current, restricted uses of the word, curriculum writers and researchers generally share it as common, substantive understanding of curriculum.[2][3]
Curriculum in formal schooling[link]
In formal education or schooling (cf. education), a curriculum is the set of courses, course work, and content offered at a school or university. A curriculum may be partly or entirely determined by an external, authoritative body (i.e. the National Curriculum for England in English schools). In the U.S., each state, with the individual school districts, establishes the curricula taught.[4] Each state, however, builds its curriculum with great participation of national[5] academic subject groups selected by the United States Department of Education, e.g. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM)[6] for mathematical instruction. In Australia each state's Education Department establishes curricula with plans for a National Curriculum in 2011. UNESCO's International Bureau of Education[7] has the primary mission of studying curricula and their implementation worldwide.
Curriculum[8] means two things: (i) the range of courses from which students choose what subject matters to study, and (ii) a specific learning program. In the latter case, the curriculum collectively describes the teaching, learning, and assessment materials available for a given course of study.
Currently, a spiral curriculum is promoted as allowing students to revisit a subject matter's content at the different levels of development of the subject matter being studied. The constructivist approach, of the tycoil curriculum, proposes that children learn best via active engagement with the educational environment, i.e. discovery learning.
Crucial to the curriculum is the definition of the course objectives that usually are expressed as learning outcomes' and normally include the program's assessment strategy. These outcomes and assessments are grouped as units (or modules), and, therefore, the curriculum comprises a collection of such units, each, in turn, comprising a specialised, specific part of the curriculum. So, a typical curriculum includes communications, numeracy, information technology, and social skills units, with specific, specialized teaching of each.
Many educational institutions are currently trying to balance two opposing forces. On the one hand, some believe students should have a common knowledge foundation, often in the form of a core curriculum; on the other hand, others want students to be able to pursue their own educational interests, often through early specialty in a major, however, other times through the free choice of courses. This tension has received a large amount of coverage due to Harvard University's reorganization of its core requirements.
An essential feature of curriculum design, seen in every college catalog and at every other level of schooling, is the identification of prerequisites for each course. These prerequisites can be satisfied by taking particular courses, and in some cases by examination, or by other means, such as work experience. In general, more advanced courses in any subject require some foundation in basic courses, but some coursework requires study in other departments, as in the sequence of math classes required for a physics major, or the language requirements for students preparing in literature, music, or scientific research. A more detailed curriculum design must deal with prerequisites within a course for each topic taken up. This in turn leads to the problems of course organization and scheduling once the dependencies between topics are known.
|core curriculum}}
In education, a core curriculum is a curriculum, or course of study, which is deemed central and usually made mandatory for all students of a school or school system. However, this is not always the case. For example, a school might mandate a music appreciation class, but students may opt out if they take a performing musical class, such as orchestra, band, chorus, etc. Core curricula are often instituted, at the primary and secondary levels, by school boards, Departments of Education, or other administrative agencies charged with overseeing education.
In primary and secondary education[link]
In the United States, the Common Core State Standards Initiative promulgates a core curriculum for states to adopt and optionally expand upon. This coordination is intended to make it possible to use more of the same textbooks across states, and to move toward a more uniform minimum level of educational attainment. In 2009-10, states were given the incentive to adopt the standards with the possibility of competitive funds from the federal Race to the Top program.
In higher education[link]
At the undergraduate level, individual college and university administrations and faculties sometimes mandate core curricula, especially in the liberal arts. But because of increasing specialization and depth in the student's major field of study, a typical core curriculum in higher education mandates a far smaller proportion of a student's course work than a high school or elementary school core curriculum prescribes.
Amongst the best known and most expansive core curricula programs at leading American colleges are that of Columbia College at Columbia University, as well as the University of Chicago's. Both can take up to two years to complete without advanced standing, and are designed to foster critical skills in a broad range of academic disciplines, including: the social sciences, humanities, physical and biological sciences, mathematics, writing and foreign languages.
In 1999, the University of Chicago announced plans to reduce and modify the content of its core curriculum, including lowering the number of required courses from 21 to 15 and offering a wider range of content. When The New York Times, The Economist, and other major news outlets picked up this story, the University became the focal point of a national debate on education. The National Association of Scholars released a statement saying, "It is truly depressing to observe a steady abandonment of the University of Chicago's once imposing undergraduate core curriculum, which for so long stood as the benchmark of content and rigor among American academic institutions.[9] Simultaneously, however, a set of university administrators, notably then-President Hugo Sonnenschein, argued that reducing the core curriculum had become both a financial and educational imperative, as the university was struggling to attract a commensurate volume of applicants to its undergraduate division compared to peer schools as a result of what was perceived by the pro-change camp as a reaction by “the average eighteen year old” to the expanse of the collegiate core.
Further, as core curricula began to be diminished over the course of the twentieth century at many American schools, several smaller institutions became famous for embracing a core curriculum that covers nearly the student’s entire undergraduate education, often utilizing classic texts of the western canon to teach all subjects including science. St. John’s College in the United States is one example of this approach. Concordia University, Irvine (California) has also implemented a similar classical core curriculum starting in the Fall of 2010
Distribution requirements[link]
Some colleges opt for the middle ground of the continuum between specified and unspecified curricula by using a system of distribution requirements. In such a system, students are required to take courses in particular fields of learning, but are free to choose specific courses within those fields.
Open curriculum[link]
Other institutions have largely done away with core requirements in their entirety, as in the student-driven course selections of Cornell University. Brown University offers the "New Curriculum, designed in 1969, that allows students to take courses without concern for any requirements except those in their chosen concentrations (aka majors). Amherst College requires that students take one of a list of first-year seminars, but has no required classes or distribution requirements.
These types of approaches respect college students right to choose what courses they take. The unofficial slogan for Brown's New Curriculum is "it's your tuition and your education: do what you like". In this vein it is certainly possible for students to graduate without taking college-level science or math courses, or to take only science or math courses
Sample curricula[link]
- Art
- Computing studies
- Design technology
- English
- Family and Consumer Science
- Home economics
- Languages
- Mathematics
- Military education
- Physical education
- Political education
- Public speaking
- Religious education
- Science
- Sexual education
- Social studies
- Study skills
- Technology
- Vocational education
See also[link]
 |
Look up curriculum in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
- Academic advising
- Calvert School
- Course Atlas (education)
- Course catalog (education)
- CSCOPE
- Curriculum studies
- Description of a career (DOAC)
- Europass
- Extracurricular activity
- Family and Consumer Science
- Hidden curriculum and the specific book The Hidden Curriculum
- Lesson
- Lesson plan
- Open source curriculum
- Pedagogy
- Structure of the disciplines
References[link]
Notes[link]
- ^ Bobbitt, John Franklin. The Curriculum. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1918.
- ^ Jackson, Philip W. "Conceptions of Curriculum and Curriculum Specialists." In Handbook of Research on Curriculum: A Project of the American Educational Research Association, edited by Philip W. Jackson, 3-40. New York: Macmillan Pub. Co., 1992.
- ^ Pinar, William F., William M. Reynolds, Patrick Slattery, and Peter M. Taubman. Understanding Curriculum: An Introduction to the Study of Historical and Contemporary Curriculum Discourses. New York: Peter Lang, 1995.
- ^ National Education Standards...They're Back! (article)
- ^ Diane Ravitch, National Standards in American Education A Citizen's Guide (book)
- ^ nctm.org
- ^ ibe.unesco.org
- ^ Kelly, A.V. (2009) The Curriculum: theory and practice 6th Ed
- ^ [1][dead link]
Sources[link]
http://wn.com/Curriculum
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Curriculum
http://cs.wn.com/Kurikulum
http://id.wn.com/Kurikulum
http://es.wn.com/Currículo (educación)
http://ru.wn.com/Федеральный базисный учебный план для образовательных учреждений Российской Федерации
http://nl.wn.com/Curriculum
http://de.wn.com/Curriculum (Pädagogik)
http://hi.wn.com/पाठ्यक्रम (करिकुलम)
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curriculum
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
