Mike Paradinas
Background information
Also known as	μ-Ziq, Tusken Raiders, Kid Spatula, Rude Ass Tinker, Jake Slazenger, Gary Moscheles, Frost Jockey, Mike and Rich
Born	1971 (age 40–41)
Origin	Wimbledon, London, England
Genres	Electronic, IDM, ambient techno, drum and bass, electro, jazz-funk, breakbeat
Occupations	Label owner, Musician
Years active	Late 1980s to present
Labels	Rephlex, Astralwerks, Planet Mu
Associated acts	Diesel M, Mike & Rich, Slag Boom Van Loon, Smooth Helmet
Website	www.planet-mu.com
Notable instruments
DX11, D-50, Nord Lead

Michael Paradinas (born September 26, 1971), who works primarily under the name μ-Ziq (pronounced like the word "music")^[1][2] in addition to a large number of aliases, is a British musician in the field of electronic music.

History[link]

Paradinas was born in Charing Cross and began playing keyboards during the early '80s and listened to new wave bands like The Human League and Heaven 17. He joined a few bands in the mid-'80s, then spent eight years on keyboards for the group Blue Innocence.

During this period, Paradinas had been recording on his own as well with synthesizers and a four-track recorder. In 1995, following a performance at "The Orange" in London, Blue Innocence broke up. Paradinas and the bassist, Francis Naughton, bought sequencing software and re-recorded some of Paradinas' older tracks. After the material was played for Mark Pritchard and Tom Middleton — the duo behind Global Communication, who were also the heads of Evolution Records — it was to be released; however, recording commitments later forced Pritchard and Middleton to withdraw their agreement. Fortunately for Paradinas, Richard D. James (aka Aphex Twin) had also heard the tracks and agreed to release their music on Rephlex Records under the alias μ-Ziq.

Naughton then left μ-Ziq to start Rocket Goldstar. A second album Bluff Limbo was scheduled to be released in mid-1994, though only 1000 copies were released. It was re-issued by Rephlex in 1996 after Paradinas served papers on the label.^{[citation needed]} Paradinas' first major-label release came later in 1994, after he undertook a remix project for Virgin Records. The remix EP The Auteurs Vs μ-Ziq for the britpop band the Auteurs was this project. The remixes Paradinas offered sounded nothing like the original song, a familiar practice for many experimental electronic musicians in those times.

Even though the EP was hardly a high sales category, Virgin signed Paradinas to a hefty contract and gave him his own sublabel, Planet Mu, to release his own work and develop similar-minded artists. (Paradinas later broke with Virgin and in 1998 established Planet Mu as his own independent label.) Written into his own contract was a provision for unlimited recording under different names, and during 1995 Paradinas definitely took it to task: he unveiled three aliases and released many albums in less than a year's time. The neo-electro music label Clear released his debut single as Tusken Raiders (named after the Star Wars species) early in the year. Clear also released the first Paradinas alias full-length, Jake Slazenger MakesARacket, later in 1995. Although they were still audible, the LP ignored the electro influences in favor of some synthesizer figures and the previously unheard influence of jazz-funk. Paradinas continued to release solo albums under the mentioned names as well as Gary Moscheles, and a one-time collaboration with Aphex Twin under the Mike & Rich moniker.

In 1997 Paradinas made a style change again, mixing experimental electronic music with drum'n'bass, a similar aesthetic taken in by Squarepusher and Aphex Twin. During this year he was also touring with popular musician Björk. Björk inspired the following 1999 album Royal Astronomy with its mixture of bizarre vocals, strings and breakbeat. All of his albums until 2003 were released in the USA on the more mainstream label, Astralwerks.

Paradinas is the owner of the Planet Mu label, which hosts cult favorite electronic musicians such as Venetian Snares, Capitol K, Datach'i and Luke Vibert.

Discography[link]

As μ-Ziq[link]

Albums[link]

• Tango n' Vectif (1993)
• Bluff Limbo (1994)
• In Pine Effect (1995)
• Lunatic Harness (1997)
• Royal Astronomy (1999)
• Bilious Paths (2003)
• Duntisbourne Abbots Soulmate Devastation Technique (2007)

EPs[link]

• Phi*1700 (U/V) (1994)
• The Auteurs Vs μ-Ziq (1994)
• Salsa with Mesquite (1995)
• Urmur Bile Trax Volume 1 & 2 (1997)
• My Little Beautiful (1997)
• Brace Yourself (1998)
• The Fear (1999)
• Ease Up (2005)

As Tusken Raiders / Rude Ass Tinker[link]

• Bantha Trax (1995)
• Bantha Trax Vol. 2 (1999)
• The Motorbike Track (1999)
• Imperial Break (2001)

As Jake Slazenger[link]

• Makesaracket (1995)
• Megaphonk (1995)
• Nautilus (1996)
• Das Ist Ein Groovybeat, Ja (1996)
• Pewter Dragon (2006)

As Kid Spatula[link]

• Spatula Freak (1995)
• Full Sunken Breaks (2000)
• Meast (2004)

Frost Jockey[link]

• Burgundy Trax Vol 1 (2000)
• Burgundy Trax Vol 2 (2000)

As Gary Moscheles[link]

• Shaped to Make Your Life Easier (1996)

Collaborations[link]

Diesel M (with Marco Jerrentrup)[link]

• M for Multiple (1993)
• M for Mangoes (1995)

Mike & Rich (with Richard D. James aka Aphex Twin)[link]

• Expert Knob Twiddlers (1996)

Slag Boom Van Loon (with Jochem Paap aka Speedy J)[link]

• Slag Boom Van Loon (1998)
• So Soon (2001)

External links[link]

• μ-Ziq interview- Perfect Sound Forever
• Mike Paradinas Interview at BarcodeZine
• Michael Paradinas Interview at ElectronicMusic.com
• Junkmedia: μ-Ziq | An interview with μ-Ziq
• Mike Paradinas RBMA video lecture session
• Complete Mike Paradinas discography
• WATMM fan site free downloads of live Mike Paradinas performances, interviews, and radio appearances
• Discogs: Mike Paradinas
• The Milk Factory: Paradinas Album Reviews
• Planet Mu record label

References[link]

Aphex Twin
In Turin, Italy in March 2007.
Background information
Birth name	Richard David James
Born	(1971-08-18) 18 August 1971 (age 40) Limerick, Ireland
Origin	Lanner, Cornwall, United Kingdom
Genres	Electronic, ambient, IDM, acid techno
Occupations	Musician, composer, remixer
Instruments	Synthesizers, piano, electronics, harpsichord, organ, percussion, laptop, softsynth, turntables, drum machine, guitar, bass guitar, computer, sequencer, sampler
Years active	1985–present
Labels	Warp Records Sire Records Rephlex Records
Associated acts	Universal Indicator, Mike & Rich

Richard David James (born 18 August 1971), best known under the pseudonym Aphex Twin, is a British electronic musician and composer. He founded the record label Rephlex Records in 1991 with Grant Wilson-Claridge. He was described by The Guardian as "the most inventive and influential figure in contemporary electronic music."^[1]

Aphex Twin has also recorded music under the aliases AFX, Blue Calx, Bradley Strider, Caustic Window, DJ Smojphace, GAK, Martin Tressider, Polygon Window, Power-Pill, Prichard D. Jams, Q-Chastic, Tahnaiya Russell, The Dice Man, Soit-P.P., and speculatively The Tuss.

Aphex Twin has released recordings on Rephlex, Warp, R&S, Sire, Mighty Force, Rabbit City, and Men Records.

History[link]

Early years[link]

Richard David James was born to Welsh parents Lorna and Derek James in St. Munchin's Limerick Regional Maternity Hospital, Ireland. He grew up in Lanner, Cornwall, enjoying, along with two older sisters, a "very happy" childhood during which they, according to James, "were pretty much left to do what [they] wanted."^[2] He "liked growing up there, being cut off from the city and the rest of the world".^[3] James attended Redruth School, located in Redruth, Cornwall.^[4]

According to musician Benjamin Middleton, James started producing music at the age of 12.^[5] As a teenager he was a disc jockey at the Shire Horse Inn in St Ives, with Tom Middleton at the Bowgie Inn in Crantock, and also along the numerous beaches around Cornwall. James studied for a National Diploma in Engineering from 1988 to 1990 (aged 16 to 18) at Cornwall College. Talking about his studies, James has said that "music and electronics went hand in hand."^[6] James graduated from college; according to an engineering lecturer, however, he often had his headphones on during practical lessons, "no doubt thinking through the mixes he'd be working on later".^[7]

Early career: early 1990s[link]

In 1989 James met and befriended Grant Wilson-Claridge when working as a DJ on alternate weeks at the Bowgie pub, near Newquay in Cornwall. Wilson-Claridge was intrigued by James's sets and was surprised to discover that James was playing tapes of his own music.

James' first release was the 12-inch EP Analogue Bubblebath on Mighty Force Records in 1991. It was first released under the moniker Aphex Twin, later changed to AFX. The track "En Trance to Exit" was made in collaboration with Tom Middleton, also known as Schizophrenia.^[8] The EP got on the playlist of Kiss FM, an influential London radio station, which helped the release to become a success.^[9]

In 1991, James and Wilson-Claridge founded Rephlex Records to promote "innovation in the dynamics of Acid — a much-loved and -misunderstood genre of house music forgotten by some and indeed new to others, especially in Britain."^[10]

Between 1991 and 1993, James released two Analogue Bubblebath EPs as AFX, and an EP under Bradley Strider, Bradley's Beat. James moved to London to take an electronics course at Kingston Polytechnic, but at the time admitted to David Toop that his "electronics studies were already slipping away as a career in the techno business took precedence." After quitting his course, James remained in London and released a number of albums and EPs on Warp Records and other labels under many aliases including AFX, Polygon Window, and Power-Pill. A number of James' tracks (released under the aliases Blue Calx, The Dice Man, and others) appeared on various compilations. Local legend has it that James lived on the roundabout in Elephant and Castle, South London during his early years in the capital - in fact he lived in a nearby disused bank.^[2][11]

Gaining success: 1992–1995[link]

	"Ageispolis" noicon Sample of "Ageispolis" from the album Selected Ambient Works 85-92.
Problems listening to this file? See media help.

	"Ventolin (Video Version)" noicon Sample of "Ventolin (Video Version)" from the album ...I Care Because You Do.
Problems listening to this file? See media help.

The first full-length Aphex Twin album, Selected Ambient Works 85–92, was released in 1992 on R&S Records. It received high ratings and praise from critics. John Bush of Allmusic described it as a "watershed of ambient music".^[12] In 2002, Rolling Stone wrote of the album: "Aphex Twin expanded way beyond the ambient music of Brian Eno by fusing lush soundscapes with oceanic beats and bass lines."^[13] Pitchfork Media's review called it, "among the most interesting music ever created with a keyboard and a computer."^[14] Critics also noted that the songs were recorded on cassette and that the sound quality was "relatively poor".

In 1992, he also released the EPs Xylem Tube EP and Digeridoo (first played by DJ Colin Faver on London's Kiss FM) as Aphex Twin, as Power-Pill the Pac-Man EP based on the arcade game Pac-Man, and two of his four Caustic Window EPs. "Digeridoo" reached #55 in the UK Singles Chart, and was later described as foreshadowing drum and bass by Rolling Stone.^[15] "Digeridoo" was recorded initially for the benefit of FIZZ-BOMB (at the Shire Horse, St Ives, Cornwall). These early releases came out on Rephlex Records, Mighty Force of Exeter, and R&S Records of Belgium.^[16]

In 1993, James released Analogue Bubblebath 3. He also released a single titled "On"; his second Bradley Strider EP, Bradley's Robot; two more Caustic Window EPs; and his first releases on Warp Records, Surfing on Sine Waves and "Quoth" under the alias Polygon Window.

Warp Records pressed and released a follow-up to Selected Ambient Works 85-92, Selected Ambient Works Volume II in 1994. The sound was much less beat and melody-driven than the previous volume. All of the track names were described with pie chart symbols, each of which was meant to be paired with a corresponding image in the album jacket, with exception for one song, which was named "Blue Calx". To decipher song titles, listeners had to compare the length of each track with the size of each pie chart symbol. For example, the first title, which is often labelled cliffs, is realised by pairing the first symbol with the first image, which is that of a rocky cliffside.^[17] James claimed in The Wire magazine and other media that these songs were inspired by lucid dreams and synaesthesia. Other releases are a fourth Analogue Bubblebath; GAK, derived from early demos sent to Warp Records; and Classics, a compilation album that includes "Digeridoo" and the Xylem Tube EP.

For his 1995 release, ...I Care Because You Do, James used an image of his face for the album cover, a motif that would continue on many of his later records. The album was a compilation of songs composed between 1990 and 1994 and represented a mish-mash of Aphex Twin's various music styles. This was James's last record of the 1990s to use mostly analogue synthesizers. He commissioned Western classical-music composer Philip Glass to create an orchestral version of one of the songs from this album, "Icct Hedral", which appeared on the Donkey Rhubarb EP.^[18]

Jungle, DSP, and laptops: 1995–1999[link]

In 1995 (primarily with Hangable Auto Bulb, a near anagram of Analogue Bubblebath), James began releasing more material composed on computers, combining a jungle sound with nostalgic childhood themes and computer-generated acid lines.

James's early adoption of software synthesizers predated the later popularity of using computers to make music. In the mid-to-late 1990s, his music gradually gained more mainstream appeal, as he released Richard D. James Album and Expert Knob Twiddlers (a collaboration with fellow dance producer µ-ziq) in 1996, "Come to Daddy" in 1997 (#36 on UK charts) and "Windowlicker" in 1999 (#16 on UK charts). Two pop songs that heavily use Digital Signal Processing (DSP) techniques, "Come to Daddy" and "Windowlicker" were shown on MTV and became cover features for music magazines such as NME. The videos for both singles were directed by British artist Chris Cunningham and caused controversy on release because of their disturbing images and themes.

In 1998, Aphex Twin's track "[rhubarb]" (from Selected Ambient Works Volume II) appeared as part of the BBC's digital widescreen test transmission, which was on loop for many months as the service was introduced across the UK.^[19]

Prepared piano, laptops, and more DSP: 2000–2003[link]

In 2001 Aphex Twin released drukqs, a two-CD album that featured computer controlled piano songs influenced by Erik Satie and John Cage. Many of the tracks' names are written in the Cornish language (i.e., 'jynweythek' translatable as 'machinemusic'). Also included were abrasive, fast, and meticulously programmed computer-made songs. Rolling Stone described the piano songs as "aimlessly pretty".^[20] Some reviewers concluded that drukqs was released as a contract breaker with Warp Records—a credible guess, as James's next big release was released on his own Rephlex label. James claimed to interviewers he had accidentally left an MP3 player labelled "Aphex Twin—unreleased tracks" on a plane, containing a large set of new songs, and rushed the album release to preempt an Internet leak.^[21] He also released a short EP titled 2 Remixes By AFX the same year as Drukqs. It featured two remixes, the originals being from 808 State and DJ Pierre. In addition, there is one untitled third track that consists of an SSTV image, which consists of mostly of high-pitched sounds, which can be decoded to a viewable image by proper software such as MultiMode (for Macintosh) or MMSSTV (for Windows).

Synthesizers and drum machines: 2004–present[link]

In late 2004, rumours of James's return to an acid techno-based sound were realised with the Analord series, an 11-part series of EPs with 42 total tracks, averaging 2–4 tracks per EP. The series was created by playing and sequencing analogue and digital electronic music equipment such as synthesizers and drum machines. The series was recorded on magnetic tape and then later pressed on vinyl.

James was meticulous about the whole process of recording, mastering, and pressing. James has said Rephlex Records was strict on quality control, trying out various pressing-plant companies until they felt it sounded perfect. To James's ears, vinyl or tape is better than digital, as no two copies are the same. However, label co-owner Grant Wilson-Claridge convinced James to release a CD compilation, Chosen Lords, which included 10 selected tracks from the Analord series. For the Analord series James used his collection of vintage synthesizer and drum machines, some of which were quite rare by that time. Some of the record inserts have pictures of rare synthesizers like the Synton Fenix, and the notoriously difficult-to-program Roland MC-4 sequencer, as well as the legendary Roland TB-303.

In 2007 media reports indicated that Aphex Twin was recording under a new alias called The Tuss. Rephlex Records has denied that Aphex Twin is The Tuss, but Aphex Twin fans and the media have ignored Rephlex's denial and The Tuss is treated as yet another Aphex Twin project;^[22][23] further evidence being provided by the fact that all Tuss tracks are published in the BMI Repertoire under the name JAMES RICHARD DAVID.^[24]

Some of Aphex Twin's music was featured in the award winning documentary about the atrocities of shark finning, Sharkwater.

In March 2009 Steve Beckett of Warp Records announced a new album for a possible release but the album never materialised.^[25] However, 20 more tracks were added to the Analord series in December 2009, only available through download from the Rephlex Records website.

In an October 2010 interview with British magazine Another Man, James stated that he had completed 6 albums, one of which was a remake of the unreleased Melodies from Mars, originally produced around the time of Richard D. James Album.^[26] In June 2011, he spoke to Spanish magazine EL PAIS. When asked about the 6 albums, he answered 'More than 10 or 11 are already compiled, and many more songs are orphans.' He also revealed that a new album 'will show in a while' and that the reason there has been so long since his last album was that he was waiting for a divorce from his wife.^[27]

Background details[link]