- published: 16 Nov 2012
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- author: NoizeIndexMusic
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- Akhmim
- Al-Fashir
- Alexandria
- Ancient Egypt
- Animal
- Arabic language
- Arish
- Aswan
- Aswan Governorate
- Asyut
- Asyut Governorate
- Bahariya Oasis
- Beheira Governorate
- Beja people
- Benha
- Beni Suef
- Bir Natrum
- Cairo
- Cairo Governorate
- Camel train
- Coptic
- Dafur
- Dakahlia Governorate
- Dakhla Oasis
- Damanhour
- Damietta
- Damietta Governorate
- Egypt
- Egypt Standard Time
- Egyptology
- El-Tor
- Faiyum
- Faiyum Governorate
- Faiyum Oasis
- Farafra, Egypt
- Gharbia Governorate
- Giza
- Giza Governorate
- Gold
- Herodotus
- Hurghada
- Ismailia Governorate
- Ismaïlia
- Ivory
- Kafr el-Sheikh
- Kharga Oasis
- Kharja
- Kobbei
- Libyan Desert
- Luxor
- Luxor Governorate
- Mallawi
- Mansoura, Egypt
- Matrouh Governorate
- Mersa Matrouh
- Minya Governorate
- Minya, Egypt
- Nile
- Nubia
- Oasis
- Old Kingdom of Egypt
- Plant
- Port Safaga
- Port Said
- Psamtik II
- Qalyubia Governorate
- Qara Oasis
- Qena
- Qena Governorate
- Red Sea Governorate
- Safaga
- Serge Sauneron
- Sharqia Governorate
- Siwa Oasis
- Sohag
- Sohag Governorate
- Spice
- Suez
- Suez Governorate
- Tanta
- Temple of Hibis
- Time zone
- Upper Egypt
- UTC+2
- Wadi Howar
- Wheat
- Zagazig
-
Akhmim
Akhmim (Arabic اخميم; from Egyptian Khent-min; Coptic Khmin) is a city in the Sohag Governorate of Upper Egypt. Referred to by the ancient Greeks as Khemmis, Chemmis and Panopolis, it is located on the east bank of the Nile, 4 miles to the northeast of Sohag.
Akhmim was known in Ancient Egypt as Ipu, Apu or Khent-min. It was the capital of the ninth (Chemmite) nome of Upper Egypt. The city is a suggested hometown for Yuya, the official of Tuthmosis IV and Amenhotep III. The ithyphallic Min (whom the Greeks identified with Pan) was worshipped here as "the strong Horus." Herodotus mentions the temple dedicated to Perseus and asserts that Chemmis was remarkable for the celebration of games in honor of that hero, after the manner of the Greeks, at which prizes were given; as a matter of fact some representations are known of Nubians and people of Punt (southern coastal Sudan and the Eritrean coast) clambering up poles before the god Min. Min was especially a god of the desert routes on the east of Egypt, and the trading tribes are likely to have gathered to his festivals for business and pleasure at Coptos (which was really near Neapolis[disambiguation needed
], Qina) even more than at Akhmim. Herodotus perhaps confused Coptos with Chemmis. Strabo mentions linen-weaving and stone-cutting as ancient industries of Panopolis, and it is not altogether a coincidence that the cemetery of Akhmim is one of the chief sources of the beautiful textiles of Roman and Christian age, that are brought from Egypt.
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Al-Fashir
Al Fashir or Al-Fashir (Arabic: الفاشر) is the capital city of North Darfur, Sudan. It is a large town in the Darfur region of northwestern Sudan, 120 miles (195 km) northeast of Nyala, Sudan. A historical caravan post, Al-Fashir is located at an elevation of about 2,400 feet (700 m). The town serves as an agricultural marketing point for the cereals and fruits grown in the surrounding region. Al-Fashir is linked by road with both Al-Junaynah and Umm Kaddadah. Late in the 18th century, Sultan 'Abd al-Rahman al-Rashed of the Fur Sultanate of Darfur founded his capital city at Al-Fashir, and the town developed around the sultan's palace grounds.
It was one of the cities Amelia Earhart visited while attempting to cross the world.
Al-Fashir has 264,734 residents (2006), increased from 2001, population (2001 est.) 178,500.
Due to the nearby Abu Shouk and Al SalamIDP camps with the influx of humanitarian aid from the United Nations as a result of the Darfur crisis, the city has experienced a significant economic and population boom. Rents and retail sales increased, including the selling of bottled water and the opening of a pizza parlor to cater to the demand from western aid workers. The number of gas stations has tripled in three years as a result of the increase in the amount of automobiles in the city. Employment opportunities also increased as the United Nations offered jobs to citizens. Economics analyst Adam Ahmed stated that the "people [of Al-Fashir] are beginning to think in a more business-minded way" to make the most of their situation.
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Alexandria
Alexandria (Arabic: الإسكندرية Al Iskandariyya, Coptic: Ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ Rakotə, Greek: Αλεξάνδρεια Alexándria, Koine Greek: Ἀλεξάνδρεια ἡ κατ' Αἴγυπτον IPA: [ɑlɛˈksɑndɾiɑ e kɑt ˈɛʝypton] "Alexandria in Egypt", Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه [eskendeˈrejːæ]) is the second-largest city of Egypt, with a population of 4.1 million, extending about 32 km (20 mi) along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country; it is also the largest city lying directly on the Mediterranean coast. It is Egypt's largest seaport, serving approximately 80% of Egypt's imports and exports. Alexandria is also an important tourist resort. It is home to the Bibliotheca Alexandrina (the new Library of Alexandria). It is an important industrial centre because of its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez.
Alexandria was founded around a small pharaonic town c. 331 BC by Alexander the Great. It remained Egypt's capital for nearly a thousand years, until the Muslim conquest of Egypt in AD 641, when a new capital was founded at Fustat (Fustat was later absorbed into Cairo). Alexandria was known because of its Lighthouse of Alexandria (Pharos), one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World; its library (the largest library in the ancient world); and the Catacombs of Kom el Shoqafa, one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages. Ongoing maritime archaeology in the harbor of Alexandria, which began in 1994, is revealing details of Alexandria both before the arrival of Alexander, when a city named Rhacotis existed there, and during the Ptolemaic dynasty.
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Arish
Arish or el-Arīsh (Arabic: العريش Al 'Arīš) is the capital and largest city (with 114,900 inhabitants as of 2002[update]) of the Egyptian governorate of North Sinai, lying on the Mediterranean coast of the Sinai peninsula, 344 kilometers (214 mi) northeast of Cairo. Al `Arīsh is distinguished by its clear blue water, widespread fruitful palmy wood on its coast, and its soft white sand. It has a marina, and many luxury hotels.
The city also has some of the faculties of Suez Canal University.
El Arish is by a big valley called the Wadi el Arish, which receives flash flood water from much of north and central Sinai.
The city grew around a Bedouin settlement near the ancient Ptolemaic Dynasty outpost of Rhinocolura. In the Middle Ages, pilgrims misidentified the site as the Sukkot of the Bible. Arīsh means "palm huts" in Arabic.
New fortifications were constructed at the original site by the Ottoman Empire in 1560. During the Napoleonic Wars, the French laid siege to the fort, which fell after 11 days on February 19, 1799. The fort was destroyed by British bombers during World War I. It was also the location of the 45th Stationary Hospital which treated casualties of the WWI Palestine campaign. The remains of those who died there were alter moved to Kantara Cemetery.
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Aswan
Aswan (
/ˌæsˈwɑːn /; Arabic: [ʔɑˈsˁwɑːn], Arabic: أسوان Aswān, Ancient Egyptian: Swenet, Coptic: ⲥⲟⲩⲁⲛ Swān, Ancient Greek: Συήνη Syene), formerly spelled Assuan, is a city in the south of Egypt, the capital of the Aswan Governorate.
Aswan is a busy market and tourist centre located just north of the Aswan Dams on the east bank of the Nile at the first cataract. The modern city has expanded and includes the formerly separate community on the island of Elephantine.
Aswan is the ancient city of Swenet, which in antiquity was the frontier town of Ancient Egypt facing the south. Swenet is supposed to have derived its name from an Egyptian goddess with the same name[citation needed]. This goddess later was identified as Eileithyia by the Greeks and Lucina by the Romans during their occupation of Ancient Egypt because of the similar association of their goddesses with childbirth, and of which the import is "the opener". The ancient name of the city also is said to be derived from the Egyptian symbol for trade.
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Aswan Governorate
Aswan Governorate (Arabic: محافظة أسوان Muḥāfaẓat Aswān) is one of the governorates of Egypt. The southernmost governorate in Upper Egypt, its capital is Aswan.
The Aswan Governorate borders Qena Governorate to the north, Red Sea Governorate to the east, New Valley Governorate to the west, and Sudan to the south. It has a population of 1,100,000 inhabitants (2001), and occupies an area of 34,608 km².
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Asyut
Asyut (Egyptian Arabic: أسيوط ʾAsyūṭ, IPA: [ʔɑsˈjuːtˤ]) is the capital of the modern Asyut Governorate in Egypt; the ancient city of the same name is situated nearby. The modern city is located at 27°11′00″N 31°10′00″E / 27.1833333°N 31.1666667°E / 27.1833333; 31.1666667, while the ancient city is at 27°10′00″N 31°08′00″E / 27.1666667°N 31.1333333°E / 27.1666667; 31.1333333.
The name of the city is derived from early Egyptian Zawty (Z3JW.TJ) (late Egyptian, Səyáwt) adopted into the Coptic as Syowt ⲥⲓⲟⲟⲩⲧ. In Graeco-Roman Egypt, it was called Lycopolis or Lykopolis (Greek: Λυκόπολις, "ἡ Λύκων πόλις"),Lycon, or Lyco.
Ancient Asyut was the capital of the Thirteenth Nome of Upper Egypt (Lycopolites Nome) around 3100 BC. It was located on the western bank of the Nile. The two most prominent gods of the Ancient Egyptian Asyut were Anubis and Wepwawet, both funerary deities.
During the First Intermediate Period, the rulers of "Zawty" (Khety I, Itefibi, and Khety II) were supporters of the Herakleopolitan kings, of whose domain the Nome formed the southern limits. The conflict between this Nome and the southern Nomes under the rule of the Eleventh dynasty ended with the victory of Thebes and the decline of Asyut's importance.
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Asyut Governorate
Asyut Governorate (Arabic: محافظة أسيوط Muḥāfaẓat Asyūṭ, IPA: [moˈħɑfzet ʔɑsˈjuːtˤ]) is one of the governorates of Egypt. It stretches for about 120 km along the banks of the Nile. The capital of the governorate is the city of Asyut.
The name of Asyut is derived from early Egyptian Zawty (Z3JW.TJ), late Egyptian Səyáwt into Coptic Syowt.
The governorate of Asyut includes the Ancient Egyptian tombs of Meir, and the town of Durunka, which is a pilgrimage site for many Copts who come to visit a monastery dedicated to the Virgin Mary.
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Beheira Governorate
Beheira Governorate (Arabic: محافظة البحيرة Muḥāfaẓat al Buḥaira) is a coastal governorate in Egypt. Located in the northern part of the country in the Nile Delta, its capital is Damanhur.
Beheira governorate enjoys an important strategical place, west of the Rosetta branch of the Nile. It comprises four important highways, namely the Cairo-Alexandria desert road, the Cairo agricultural road, the international road and the circular road. Beheira governorate is also home to a number of the most important Coptic monasteries in Wadi El Natrun (Scetes).
Beheira consists of 13 centres and 14 cities, and contains important industries such as cotton, chemicals, carpets, electricity and fishing.
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Benha
Banha (Arabic: بنها Banhā), also spelled Benha, is the capital of the Qalyubia Governorate in north-eastern Egypt. Egyptians call it Banha Elasal, which means "Sweet like honey"; the nomenclature originally comes from when the Prophet Muhammed sent his massage to Elmoqwqs to convert to Islam, he replied by sending him gifts; one them was Ms. Maria who was from Upper Egypt, and jar of honey. After the Prophet tasted it, he asked "Where is it from ?" They replied "from Benha" he said "God bless Benha and its sons".[citation needed]
It is located 48 km (30 mins) north of Cairo. located on the east bank of the Damietta Branch of the Nile River in the rich farmland of the southern part of the river's delta. Well-irrigated by canals leading off the Delta Barrage, a dam 30 km (20 min) upstream, the surrounding farmland produces wheat and long-staple cotton. Since ancient times, Banha has been known for the production of attar of roses, an ingredient in perfume. Today it is the center of Egypt's electronics industry. Banha is a major junction in the rail network that radiates north from Cairo and it has the 6th biggest train station in Egypt.
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Beni Suef
Beni Suef, (Egyptian Arabic: بنى سويف Baniswēf, IPA: [bænisˈweːf], Coptic: Ⲡⲁⲛⲓⲥⲱϥ Panisōf) is the capital city of the Beni Suef Governorate in Egypt.
Beni Suef is an important agricultural center, which grew from a small village at the turn of the century and now hosts a population of over 200,000. It was famous for its linen manufacturing in the Middle Ages, and continues to be heavily involved in cotton-spinning and carpet-making. It is also known for its alabaster, quarried in the nearby hills. Beni Suef is located about 115 km (71 mi) south of Cairo.[citation needed] The Meidum Pyramid and Fayum Oasis are nearby. Beni Suef is known for its large mansions, including the Ismail Mansion, owned by General Ahmed Mamdouh Ismail. Beni Suef University and the private Al Nahda University are located in Beni Suef.
Coordinates: 29°04′N 31°05′E / 29.067°N 31.083°E / 29.067; 31.083
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Cairo
Cairo ( /ˈkaɪroʊ/ KYE-roh; Arabic: القاهرة al-Qāhira, literally "The Vanquisher" or "The Conqueror"), is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in the Arab world and Africa, and the 16th largest metropolitan area in the world. Located near the Nile Delta, it was founded in the year 969 A.D. making it 1,043 years old. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life. Cairo was founded by the Fatimid dynasty in the 10th century AD.; but the land composing the present-day city was the site of national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo is also associated with Ancient Egypt due to its proximity to the ancient cities of Memphis, Giza and Fustat which are nearby to the Great Sphinx and the pyramids of Giza.
Egyptians today often refer to Cairo as Maṣr (Arabic: مصر), the Arabic pronunciation of the name for Egypt itself, emphasizing the city's continued role in Egyptian influence. Cairo has the oldest and largest film and music industries in the Arab World, as well as the world's second-oldest institution of higher learning, al-Azhar University. Many international media, businesses, and organizations have regional headquarters in the city, and the Arab League has had its headquarters in Cairo for most of its existence.
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Cairo Governorate
Cairo Governorate (Arabic: محافظة القاهرة Muḥāfaẓat al Qāhira) is the most populated of the governorates of Egypt. Its capital is the national capital of Cairo. Because it is completely urbanized, the governorate is considered a city proper, and functions as a municipality.
Parts of the governorate were separated in April 2008 to form the Helwan Governorate (reincorporated into the Cairo Governorate in April 2011).
The current Governor is Prof. Dr. Abdel-Azim Morsi Wazir Abdallah.
Coordinates: 30°02′N 31°13′E / 30.033°N 31.217°E / 30.033; 31.217
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Dakahlia Governorate
Dakahlia Governorate (Arabic: محافظة الدقهلية, Egyptian Arabic: [moˈħɑfzˤet eddæʔæhˈlejjæ]) is an Egyptian governorate lying north east of Cairo. Its area is about 3,500 km² and it has a population of about 5 million. The capital is Mansoura.
The Urology and Nephrology Center of Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine also features a renowned kidney center. Founded in 1983. Under the management of Dr. Mohamed A. Ghoneim.
Coordinates: 31°03′N 31°23′E / 31.05°N 31.383°E / 31.05; 31.383
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Dakhla Oasis
Dakhla Oasis (Arabic: الداخلة; transliteration: al-Dākhla; BGN: Al Wāḩāt ad Dākhilah), also spelt Dakhleh and known colloquially as the inner oasis, is one of the seven oases of Egypt's Western Desert (part of the Libyan Desert). Dakhla Oasis lies in the New Valley Governorate, 350 km from the Nile and between the oases of Farafra and Kharga. It measures approximately 80 km (50 mi) from east to west and 25 km (16 mi) from north to south.
The human history of this oasis started during the Pleistocene, when nomadic tribes settled sometimes there, in a time when the Sahara climate was wetter and where humans could have access to lakes and marshes. But about 6 000 years ago, the entire Sahara became drier, changing progressively into a hyper-arid desert (with less than 50 mm of rain per year). However, specialists think that nomadic hunter-gatherers began to settle almost permanently in the oasis of Dakhleh in the period of the Holocene (about 12 000 years ago), during new, but rare episodes of wetter times.
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Damanhour
Damanhour (Arabic: دمنهور Damanhūr, Egyptian: Dmỉ-n-Ḥr.w, Coptic: Ⲧⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲣ, Greek: Ἑρμοῦ πόλις μικρά Hermopolis Mikra) is a city in Lower Egypt, and the capital of the Beheira Governorate. It is located 160 km (99 mi) northwest of Cairo, and 70 km (43 mi) E.S.E. of Alexandria, in the middle of the western Nile Delta.
In Ancient Egypt, the city was the capital of Lower Egypt's 7th Nome of A-ment. It stood on the banks of a canal which connected the lake Mareotis with the Canopic or most westerly arm of the Nile. (Champollion, L'Egypte, vol. ii. p. 249). The city was dedicated to the Ancient Egyptian god Horus. In Greek and Roman times, it was called Hermopolis Mikra or Hermopolis Parva, which would also give it an association with Hermes, the Egyptian Thoth. As Hermopolis, the city attracted the notice of numerous ancient geographers, including Stephanus of Byzantium s. v., Strabo (xvii. p. 802), Ptolemy (iv. 5. § 46), and the author of the Antonine Itinerary (p. 154). It is a Roman Catholic titular see.
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Damietta
Damietta (Arabic: دمياط Dumyāṭ), also known as Damiata, or Domyat, is a port and the capital of the Damietta Governorate in Egypt. It is located at the intersection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Nile, about 200 kilometres (120 mi) north of Cairo.
In Ancient Egypt, the city was known as Tamiat, but it became less important in the Hellenic period after the construction of Alexandria.
The Abbasids used Alexandria, Damietta, Aden and Siraf as entry ports to India and the Tang Empire of China. Damietta was an important naval base during the Abbasid, Tulunid and Fatimid periods. This led to several attacks by the Byzantine Empire, most notably the sack and destruction of the city in May 853.
Damietta was again important in the 12th and 13th centuries during the time of the Crusades. In 1169, a fleet from the Kingdom of Jerusalem, with support from the Byzantine Empire, attacked the port, but it was defeated by Saladin.
During preparations for the Fifth Crusade in 1217, it was decided that Damietta should be the focus of attack. Control of Damietta meant control of the Nile, and from there the crusaders believed they would be able to conquer Egypt. From Egypt they could then attack Palestine and recapture Jerusalem. When the port was besieged and occupied by Frisian crusaders in 1219, Francis of Assisi arrived to peaceably negotiate with the Muslim ruler. The siege devastated the population of Damietta. In October 1218 reinforcements arrived including the Legate Pelagius with the English earls Ranulf of Chester, Saer of Winchester, and William Aubigny of Arundel together with Odonel Aubigny, Robert Fitzwalter, John Lacy of Chester, William Harcourt and Oliver the illegitimate son of King John. In 1221 the Crusaders attempted to march to Cairo, but were destroyed by the combination of nature and Muslim defenses.
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Damietta Governorate
Damietta Governorate (Arabic: محافظة دمياط Muḥāfaẓat Dumyāṭ) is one of the governorates of Egypt. It is located in the northeastern part of the country, and has a population of over 1 million. Its capital is the city of Damietta.
Damietta (city) is famous for its guava farms, as well as the palm trees that cover the coast from Ras El Bar in the east to Gamasa in the west. The governorate exports millions of palm trees to many countries every year, including Greece and China. Damietta also produces wheat, maize, cotton, rice, potatoes, lemon, grapes and tomatoes. It is also famous for its sweet industry, sardine packing, and Domiati cheese. Ras El Bar, one of the oldest summer resorts in Egypt, is located at the point where the The Nile meets the Mediterranean Sea.
The European Crusaders temporarily occupied the city of Damietta for two years from 1219 to 1221, during the Fifth Crusade. During the Seventh Crusade, Baibars and the Mamluks defeated the Crusaders at Damietta.
The governorate's area is 1.029 km² or about 5% of the Delta's area, and about 1% of the area of Egypt. The inhabited area is about 589.2 km². Its population – according to a 1999 census – was 953,430. The average rate of population growth is 2.09% per year.
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Egypt
Egypt
i/ˈiːdʒɪpt/ (Arabic: مصر, Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: [mɑsˤɾ] ; Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, Kīmi ; Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲏⲙⲉ, Kēme), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: جمهوريّة مصر العربيّة (help·info), is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world. Covering an area of about 1,010,000 square kilometers (390,000 sq mi), Egypt is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.
Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. The great majority of its over 81 million people live near the banks of the Nile River, in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large areas of the Sahara Desert are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.
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El-Tor
Coordinates: 28°14′30″N 33°37′20″E / 28.24167°N 33.62222°E / 28.24167; 33.62222
El-Tor (Arabic: الطور Aṭ Ṭūr), also transliterated as Al-Tur and At-Tur and known as Tur Sinai, formerly Raithu, is the capital of South Sinai Governorate of Egypt, located at the Sinai Peninsula. The name of the city comes from the Arabic name of the mountain where the prophet Moses received the tablets from God; this mountain is called Jabal Al Tor.
The El Tor strain of cholera was discovered there in 1905. It was a quarantine camp for Pilgrims returning from Hajj.
The Raithu desert is situated around El-Tor, between Saint Katherine city and the Red Sea. It is part of the Archdiocese of Mount Sinai and Raithu of the Orthodox Church of Jerusalem. The "Martyrs of Raithu" were 43 anchorites slain by Nomadic Tribes in the Romans Era of Diocletian. Christian monks fleeing persecutions had been present since the 3rd century, and the Raithu monastery (or Rutho) was commissioned in the 6th century by Byzantine emperor Justinian. The latter was proposed as a UNESCO World Heritage site on November 1st, 1994 in the Cultural category.
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Faiyum
Faiyum (Arabic: الفيوم Fayyūm, Coptic: 'Ⲫⲓⲟⲙ Phiom) is a city in Middle Egypt. Located 130 km (81 mi) southwest of Cairo, it is the capital of the modern Faiyum Governorate. The town occupies part of the ancient site of Crocodilopolis. Founded in around 4000 B.C., it is the oldest city in Egypt and one of the oldest cities in Africa .
Its name in English is also spelled as Fayum, Fayoum, Al Fayyum or El Faiyūm. Faiyum was previously officially named Madīnet el Faiyūm (Arabic for The City of Faiyum). The name Faiyum (and its spelling variations) may also refer to the Faiyum Oasis, although it is commonly used by Egyptians today to refer to the city.
The modern name of the city comes from Coptic 'Ⲫⲓⲟⲙ /Ⲡⲉⲓⲟⲙ efiom/peiom (whence the proper name Ⲡⲁⲓⲟⲙ payom), meaning the Sea or the Lake, which in turn comes from late Egyptian pA y-m of the same meaning, a reference to the nearby Lake Moeris.
Faiyum has several large bazaars, mosques, baths and a much-frequented weekly market. The canal called Bahr Yussef runs through the city, its banks lined with houses. There are two bridges over the river: one of three arches, which carries the main street and bazaar, and one of two arches, over which is built the Qaitbay mosque, that was a gift from his wife to honor the Mamluk Sultan in Fayoum. Mounds north of the city mark the site of Arsinoe, known to the ancient Greeks as Crocodilopolis, where in ancient times the sacred crocodile kept in Lake Moeris was worshipped.
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Faiyum Governorate
Faiyum Governorate (Arabic: محافظة الفيوم Muḥāfaẓat al Fayyūm) is one of the governorates of Egypt in the middle of the country. Its capital is the city of Faiyum, located about 81 mi (130 km) south west of Cairo. It has a population of 2,512,792 (2006).
The name Faiyum comes from Coptic 'Ⲫⲓⲟⲙ /Ⲡⲉⲓⲟⲙ efiom/peiom (whence the proper name Ⲡⲁⲓⲟⲙ payoum), meaning the Sea or the Lake, which in turn comes from late Egyptian pA y-m of the same meaning, a reference to the nearby Lake Moeris.
The governorate of Faiyum includes:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Coordinates: 29°21′48″N 30°44′45″E / 29.36333°N 30.74583°E / 29.36333; 30.74583
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Faiyum Oasis
The Faiyum Oasis (or Al-Fayoum Oasis, Al Fayyum Oasis, and other variations in spelling) is a depression or basin in the desert immediately to the west of the Nile south of Cairo. The extent of the basin area is estimated at between 1,270 km² (490 mi²) and 1700 km² (656 mi²). The basin floor comprises fields watered by a channel of the Nile, the Bahr Yussef, as it drains into a desert depression to the west of the Nile Valley. The Bahr Yussef veers west through a narrow neck of land north of Ihnasya, between the archaeological sites of El-Lahun and Gurob near Hawara; it then branches out, providing rich agricultural land in the Faiyum basin, draining into the large saltwater Lake Moeris (Birket Qarun). The lake was freshwater in prehistory but is today a saltwater lake. It is a source for tilapia and other fish for the local area.
Differing from typical oasis, whose fertility depends on water obtained from springs, the cultivated land in the Faiyum is formed of Nile mud brought down by the Bahr Yussef, 24 km (15 miles) in length. Between the beginning of Bahr Yussef at El-Lahun to its end at the city of Faiyum, several canals branch off to irrigate the Faiyum Governorate. The drainage water flows into Lake Moeris.
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Farafra, Egypt
The Farafra depression (Arabic: واحة الفرافرة) is the second biggest depression by size located in Western Egypt and the smallest by population, near latitude 27.06° North and longitude 27.97° East. It is located in the Western Desert of Egypt, approximately mid-way between Dakhla and Bahariya.
Farafra has an estimated 5,000 inhabitants (2002) mainly living in the town of Farafra (Arabic: مدينة الفرافرة) and is mostly inhabited by the local Bedouins. Parts of the town have complete quarters of traditional architecture, simple, smooth, unadorned, all in mud colour. Local pride has also secured endeavours to secure local culture. Also located near Farafra are the hot springs at Bir Sitta and the El-Mufid lake.
A main geographic attraction of Farafra is its White Desert (known as Sahara el Beyda, with the word sahara meaning a desert). The White Desert of Egypt is located 45 km (28 mi) north of the town of Farafra. The desert has a white, cream color and has massive chalk rock formations that have been created as a result of occasional sandstorm in the area. The Farafra desert is a typical place visited by some schools in Egypt, as a location for camping trips. The Desert was also the featured location in the music video for "Echoes" by the Klaxons.
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Gharbia Governorate
Gharbia Governorate (محافظة الغربية Muḥāfaẓat al Gharbiyya, IPA: [moˈħɑfzˤet elɣɑɾˤˈbejjɑ], English: Western Governorate) is one of the governorates of Egypt. It is located in the north of the country, south of Kafr el-Sheikh Governorate, and north of Monufia Governorate. Its capital is Tanta, which is 90 km north of Cairo, and 120 km south east of Alexandria. The largest city in Gharbia is El-Mahalla El-Kubra. The total area of Gharbia governorate is 25,400 km², making it the tenth largest governorate of Egypt.
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Giza
Giza (Coptic: ⲅⲓⲍⲁ Gee-zah, Arabic: الجيزة Al-Ğīzah), sometimes spelt Gizah, is the third largest city in Egypt. It is located on the west bank of the Nile River, some 20 km (12.43 mi) southwest of central Cairo. Along with Shubra El-Kheima, Cairo and Helwan, the four cities form the Province of Greater Cairo metropolis. The city of Giza is the capital of the Giza Governorate, and is located near the northeast border of this governorate in coordinates. It is located right on the banks of the River Nile. The city's population was 2,681,863 in the 2006 national census, while the governorate had 6,272,571 at the same census. Its large population makes it the second largest suburb in the world, tied with Incheon, South Korea and Quezon City, Philippines, second only to Yokohama, Japan.
Giza is most famous as the location of the Giza Plateau: the site of some of the most impressive ancient monuments in the world, including a complex of ancient Egyptian royal mortuary and sacred structures, including the Great Sphinx, the Great Pyramid of Giza, and a number of other large pyramids and temples. The plateau and its monuments have been recorded in the Giza Plateau Mapping Project run by Ancient Egypt Research Associates, directed by Dr. Mark Lehner. AERA's 2009 field season was recorded in a blog.
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Giza Governorate
Giza Governorate (Arabic: محافظة الجيزة Muḥāfaẓat al Ǧīza) is one of the governorates of Egypt. It is in the center of the country, situated on the west bank of the Nile River opposite Cairo. Its capital is the city of Giza. It includes a stretch of the left bank of the Nile Valley around Giza, and acquired a large stretch of desert, including Bahariya Oasis when the 6th of October Governorate was merged into it on 14 April 2011. The Giza Governorate is also home to the Great Sphinx and the Pyramids of Giza.
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Ismailia Governorate
Ismailia Governorate (Arabic: محافظة الإسماعيلية Muḥāfaẓat al-ʾIsmāʿīliyyah, IPA: [moˈħɑfzˤet elʔesmæʕeˈlejjæ]) is one of the governorates of Egypt. Located in the north-eastern part of the country, its capital is the city of Ismailia.
Coordinates: 30°36′N 32°17′E / 30.6°N 32.283°E / 30.6; 32.283
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Ismaïlia
Ismaïlia (Arabic: الإسماعيلية al-ʾIsmāʿīliyyah, IPA: [elʔesmæʕeˈlejjæ]) is a city in north-east Egypt. Known in Egypt as "The City of Beauty and Enchantment" Ismaïlia is situated on the west bank of the Suez Canal, it is the capital of the Ismailia Governorate. The city has a population (including surrounding rural areas) of approximately 750,000 inhabitants. It is located approximately half way between Port Said to the north and Suez to the south. The Canal widens at that point to include Lake Timsah, one of the Bitter Lakes linked by the Canal.
Ismaïlia was founded in 1863, during the construction of the Suez Canal, by Khedive Ismail the Magnificent, after whom the city is named. The head office of the Suez Canal Authority is located in Ismaïlia at the shore of Lake Timsah. It still has a large number of buildings dating from British and French involvement with the Canal. Most of these buildings are still used by Canal employees and officials.
The Muslim Brotherhood was founded in Ismaïlia by Hassan al-Banna in March 1928. An underground paramilitary wing was established in the 1940s, primarily to fight British occupation forces. In the early 1950s, Ismaïlia hosted the British Military HQ and the Civilian Administration Centre of the Canal Zone. British suppression of an uprising by rebellious Egyptian police there on 25 January 1952 was a key event leading to the overthrow of King Farouk I later that year and the Egyptian Revolution that followed. British forces pulled out of Ismaïlia in 1954.
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Kafr el-Sheikh
Kafr el-Sheikh (Arabic: كفر الشيخ Kafr al Šayḫ) is the capital of Kafr el-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, about 134 km north of Cairo, in the Nile Delta of lower Egypt. As of November 2006, the town had a population of 147,380 inhabitants.
Kafr el-Sheikh is the home to various factories including a rice mill factory, a poultry forage factory and a sugar beet factory.
Coordinates: 31°06′42″N 30°56′45″E / 31.11167°N 30.94583°E / 31.11167; 30.94583
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Libyan Desert
The Libyan Desert covers an area of approximately 1,100,000 km2, it extends approximately 1100 km from east to west, and 1,000 km from north to south, in about the shape of a rectangle. Like most of the Sahara, this desert is primarily sand and hamada or stony plain.
Sand plains, dunes, ridges and some depressions (basins) typify the endorheic region, with no rivers draining into or out of the desert. The Gilf Kebir plateau reaches an altitude of just over 1000 m, and along with the nearby massif of Jebel Uweinat is an exception to the uninterrupted territory of basement rocks covered by layers of horizontally bedded sediments, forming a massive sand plain, low plateaus and dunes.
The desert features a striking diversity of landscapes including mountains such as Jebel Uweinat (1980 m), the Gilf Kebir plateau, and sand seas (see below). The Libyan Desert is barely populated apart from the modern settlements at oases of the lower Cyrenaica region in southeastern Libya. The indigenous population is Berber. In most of Upper Egypt, the desert is close to the Nile River, with a seasonal flood plain only a few kilometers wide between river and desert.
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Luxor Governorate
Luxor Governorate (Arabic: محافظة الأقصر Muḥāfaẓat al-Aqṣur) has been one of Egypt's governorates since 7 December 2009, when ousted President Hosni Mubarak announced its separation from Qena Governorate. It is located 635 km south of Cairo. It is currently the smallest governorate in Egypt, spanning approximately 5 km from north to south, and 1.5 km from east to west, and lies in Upper Egypt along the Nile. The city of Luxor is the capital of the Luxor governorate. President Mubarak called on the same date for a study to be made with a view to extending the boundaries of the governorate to include the neighbouring towns of Armant and Esna. The national day is the 7th of December, commemorating the establishment of the governorate.
The emblem of Luxor represents the bust of Tutankhamen on board of an Ancient Egyptian canoe boat, cruising in the Nile, with an obelisk and the sun light in the background.
The governorate's total area is 2409.68 km2, representing 0.24% of the country's area.
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Mallawi
Mallawi is a town in Egypt, located in the governorate of Minya.
Situated in a farm area, the town produces textiles and handicrafts.
The total area of the city is about 3 acres (12,000 m2). The southern limit is Allah Mansion (possibly a religious structure?), the northern limit is a television transmitter, the eastern border is the Nile, and the western boundary is Dirotiah Lake. The city contains many ancient Egyptian artifacts.
Coordinates: 27°44′N 30°50′E / 27.733°N 30.833°E / 27.733; 30.833
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Mansoura, Egypt
Mansoura (Arabic: المنصورة Al Manṣūra, IPA: [elmɑnˈsˤuːɾɑ]) is a city in Egypt, with a population of 480,494. It is the capital of the Dakahlia Governorate.
Mansoura in Arabic means 'victorious'. The city is named after the Egyptian victory over Louis IX of France during the Seventh Crusade.
Mansoura lies on the east bank of the Damietta branch of the Nile, in the Delta region. Mansoura is about 120 km northeast of Cairo. Across from the city, on the opposite bank of the Nile, is the town of Talkha.
Mansoura was established in 1219 by Saladin's nephew, Abu-Bakr Malik ibn al-Adil I (their phater also known as Saphadin) of the Ayyubid dynasty. After the Egyptians defeated the Crusaders during the Seventh Crusade, it was named Mansoura (aka. "The Victorious").
In the Seventh Crusade, the Capetians were defeated and put to flight; between fifteen and thirty thousand of their men fell on the battlefield. Louis IX of France was captured in the main Battle of Mansoura, and confined in the house of Ibrahim ben Lokman, secretary of the sultan, and under the guard of the eunuch Sobih.. The king's brother was imprisoned in the same house. The sultan provided for their sustenance. The house of Ibrahim ben Lokman is now the only museum in Mansoura. It is open to the public and houses articles that used to belong to the French monarch, including his personal thirteenth century toilet.
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Matrouh Governorate
Matrouh Governorate (Arabic: محافظة مطروح Muḥāfaẓat Maṭrūḥ) is one of the governorates of Egypt. Located in the north-western part of the country, it borders Libya. Its capital is Marsa Matrouh.
The interior of the Matrouh Governorate is part of the Libyan Desert, including the Siwa Oasis, in antiquity known for its shrine to Ammon. In the center of the Governorate is the Qattara Depression, descending to 133 metres below sea level.
Marsa Matrouh is the ancient Paraetonium. It was the westernmost city of Aegyptus as defined in the Hellenistic period. The city of Apis, some 18 km to the west of Paraetonium, marked the boundary to Libycus Nomus, and Sallum, or more precisely the Halfaya Pass, marked the boundary to Marmarica proper.
Matrouh Governorate contains many historical sites related to World War II. The latter include El Alamein, which comprises cemeteries of fallen soldiers from Axis and Allied forces. An estimated 16 million mines, planted by the Europeans during the world wars, still hinder development of most of the governorate, and are constantly being removed.
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Mersa Matrouh
Marsa Matrouh (Arabic: مرسى مطروح Marsā Maṭroūḥ) is a Mediterranean seaport and the capital of the Matrouh Governorate in Egypt. It is 240 km (150 mi) west of Alexandria and 222 km from Sallum, on the main highway from the Nile Delta to the Libyan border. Another highway leads south from the town, toward the Western Desert and the oases of Siwa and Bahariya.
During Ancient Egyptian times and during the reign of Alexander The Great, the city was known as Amunia. In Ptolemaic and Byzantine times it was known as Paraitonion (Παραιτόνιον), and in Roman times, as Paraetonium.
Marsa Matrouh is a major Egyptian tourist resort and serves as a getaway resort for Europeans as well as Cairenes eager to flee the capital in the sweltering summer months. It is served by Marsa Matrouh Airport. The city is known for its white soft sands and calm transparent waters; the bay is protected from the high seas by a series of rocks forming a natural breakwater, with a small opening to allow access for light vessels.
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Minya Governorate
Minya Governorate (Arabic: محافظة المنيا Muḥāfaẓat al Minyā, Egyptian Arabic: [moˈħɑfzˤet elˈmenjæ]) is one of the governorates of Upper Egypt. The name originates from the chief city of the governorate, originally known in Sahidic Coptic as Tmoone (ⲧⲙⲟⲟⲛⲉ) and in Bohairic as Thmonē (ⲑⲙⲟⲛⲏ), meaning “the residence”, in reference to a monastery formerly in the area. The name may also originate from the city's name in Egyptian Men'at Khufu.
Little is known today about Minya Governorate compared to its great wealth of important archaeological sites. Its remarkable history, including Ancient Egyptian, Hellenistic, Roman and Arab periods, has not yet received the full attention of scholars.
Dehnet, Fraser Tombs, Sharuna, and Zawyet el-Maiyitin comprise monuments dating back to the Old Kingdom.
The village of Bani Hasan al Shurruq houses 390 rock-cut decorated tombs and chapels from the Middle Kingdom (2000–1580 B.C., especially the sixteenth dynasty). The Speos Artemidos is nearby, and hosts temples built by Queen Hatshepsut.
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Minya, Egypt
Minya (Arabic: المنيا Al Minyā, Egyptian Arabic: [elˈmenjæ]) is the capital of Minya Governorate in Upper Egypt. It is located approximately 245 km (152 mi) south of Cairo on the western bank of the Nile River, which flows north through the city. The name of the city is derived from its Ancient Egyptian name Men'at Khufu meaning the nursing city of Khufu, linking it to the Pharoah Khufu or Cheops, founder of the Great Pyramid at Giza.
The name Minya may also have originated from the city's name in Sahidic Coptic Tmoone (f ⲧⲙⲟⲟⲛⲉ) and in Bohairic Thmonē (ⲑⲙⲟⲛⲏ), meaning "the residence", in reference to an early monastery formerly in the area. It is the city where the Codex Tchacos was discovered.
Minya is dubbed by the locals "Bride of Upper Egypt", in reference to its strategic location in Middle Egypt as a vital link between the north and the south of Egypt. Minya has one of the highest concentration of Christian Coptic population in Egypt (approximately 50% of total population). It is the home city of the Minia University, Suzanne Mubarak Center for Arts, the new Minya Museum, and the regional North of Upper Egypt Radio and TV.
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Port Safaga
Port Safaga, also known as Bur Safaga and Safaga (Arabic: سفاجا), is a town in Egypt, on the coast of the Red Sea, located 53 km (33 mi) south of Hurghada. This small port is also a tourist area that consists of several bungalows and rest houses, including the Safaga Hotel, with a capacity of 48 rooms (126 beds).
Having numerous phosphate mines, it is regarded as the phosphates export center. A paved road of 164 km (102 mi) connects Safaga to Qena of Upper Egypt.
Safaga is a marine port connected by a regular cruise shuttle service line. The port town was founded between 282 BC and 268 BC, originally called Philotera by the Greek Egyptian Pharaoh Ptolemy II Philadelphus, who named the town in honor of his deceased sister. Safaga City is considered one of the most important therapeutic tourist centres, as special medical researches have proved the potential of attracting international tourism to Safaga.
The resort is reputable for its unpolluted atmosphere, black sand-dunes and mineral springs which have acquired specific characteristics for remedy of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.
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Port Said
Port Said (Arabic: بورسعيد Būr Sa'īd) is a city that lies in north east Egypt extending about 30 kilometres (19 mi) along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, north of the Suez Canal, with an approximate population of 603,787 (2010). The city was established in 1859 during the building of the Suez Canal.
Port Said has been ranked the first among the Egyptian cities according to the Human Development Index in 2009 and 2010, the economic base of the city is fishing and industries, like chemicals, processed food, and cigarettes. Port Said is also an important harbour for exports of Egyptian products like cotton and rice, but also a fueling station for ships that pass through the Suez Canal. It thrives on being a duty-free port, as well as a tourist resort especially during summer. It is home to the Lighthouse of Port Said (the first building in the world built from reinforced concrete).
There are numerous old houses with grand balconies on all floors, giving the city a distinctive look. Port Said's twin city is Port Fuad, which lies on the eastern bank of the canal. The two cities coexist, to the extent that there hardly is any town centre in Port Fuad. The cities are connected by free ferries running all through the day, and together they form a metropolitan area with over a million residents that extends both on the African and the Asian sides of the Suez Canal.
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Qalyubia Governorate
Qalyubia Governorate (Arabic: محافظة القليوبية Muḥāfaẓa al Qalyūbīya) is one of the governorates of Egypt. Located in Lower Egypt, it is situated north of Cairo in the Nile Delta region. Its capital is Banha.
Banha and several other settlements blend into the neighboring Cairo Governorate; as a result, Qalyubia is generally considered to form part of the Greater Cairo metropolitan area (along with Cairo Governorate and Giza Governorate).
Cities in the Qalyubia Governorate include:
Qalyubia is known for its agricultural production of crops, fruits and vegetables. The most important of these crops include maize, cotton, wheat, citrus fruits, bananas, oranges and apricots.
Qalyubia is also the leading Egyptian governorate in the production of chicken and eggs.
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Qena
Qena (Arabic: قنا Qinā, Egyptian Arabic: [ˈʔenæ], locally: [ˈɡena]) is a city in Upper Egypt, and the capital of the Qena Governorate. Situated on the east bank of the Nile, it was known as Kaine during the Greco-Roman period and as Cainepolis in antiquity.
This provincial capital is located about 57 miles from El Balyana and 39 miles north of Luxor. It is most famous for its proximity to the ruins of Dendara. It owes its modern prosperity to the opening of the Wadi Qena towards the Red Sea, which is a major traffic route between Upper Egypt and the Red Sea. Tourists traveling between Luxor and the Red Sea will assuredly pass through this city since there is only one good road connection. Qena is noted for its pottery, in particular the porous water.
In addition to its Ancient Egyptian heritage as the city of Cainepolis. Qena has a considerable Islamic heritage and a famous mosque. The Maghrebi Abd el-Rahim settled in Qena upon his return from Mecca and founded a Sufi center here. Upon his death in 1195, the mosque was built above his tomb and became a place of pilgrimage. There is a huge modern mosque of Sheikh el-Qenawi in the main square which attests to his importance.
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Qena Governorate
Qena Governorate (Arabic: محافظة قنا Muḥāfaẓat Qinā) is one of the governorates of Egypt. Located in the southern part of the country, it covers a stretch of the Nile valley. Its capital is the city of Qena.
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Safaga
Port Safaga, also known as Bur Safaga and Safaga (Arabic: سفاجا), is a town in Egypt, on the coast of the Red Sea, located 53 km (33 mi) south of Hurghada. This small port is also a tourist area that consists of several bungalows and rest houses, including the Safaga Hotel, with a capacity of 48 rooms (126 beds).
Having numerous phosphate mines, it is regarded as the phosphates export center. A paved road of 164 km (102 mi) connects Safaga to Qena of Upper Egypt.
Safaga is a marine port connected by a regular cruise shuttle service line. The port town was founded between 282 BC and 268 BC, originally called Philotera by the Greek Egyptian Pharaoh Ptolemy II Philadelphus, who named the town in honor of his deceased sister. Safaga City is considered one of the most important therapeutic tourist centres, as special medical researches have proved the potential of attracting international tourism to Safaga.
The resort is reputable for its unpolluted atmosphere, black sand-dunes and mineral springs which have acquired specific characteristics for remedy of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.
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Sharqia Governorate
Al Sharqia Governorate (Arabic: محافظة الشرقية Muḥāfaẓa aš Šarqīya, English: Eastern Governorate) is one of the governorates of Egypt. Located in the northern part of the country, its capital is the city of Zagazig.
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Siwa Oasis
The Siwa Oasis (Siwi: Isiwan; Arabic: واحة سيوة Wāḥat Sīwah, IPA: [ˈwæːħet ˈsiːwæ]) is an oasis in Egypt, located between the Qattara Depression and the Egyptian Sand Sea in the Libyan Desert, nearly 50 km (30 mi) east of the Libyan border, and 560 km (348 mi) from Cairo. About 80 km (50 mi) in length and 20 km (12 mi) wide, Siwa Oasis is one of Egypt's most isolated settlements, with 23,000 people, mostly ethnic Berbers who speak a distinct language of the Berber family known as Siwi. Its fame lies primarily in its ancient role as the home to an oracle of Amon, the ruins of which are a popular tourist attraction which gave the oasis its ancient name Ammonium. Historically, it is part of Ancient Libya. Its modern name Siwa, first attested in the 15th century (earlier Arab geographers termed it Santariyyah), is of uncertain origin. Basset links it to a Berber tribal name swh attested further west in the early Islamic period, while Ilahiane, following Chafik, links it to the Tashelhiyt Berber word asiwan, a type of prey bird, and hence to Amon-Ra, one of whose symbols was the falcon.
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Sohag
Sohag (Arabic: سوهاج Sawhāǧ, Sa'idi Arabic: [suːhaːdʒ] (
listen), Egyptian Arabic: [soˈhæːɡ]), also known as Sawhāj, Suhag and Suhaj, is a city in Egypt that lies on the west bank of the Nile. It has been the capital of Sohag Governorate since 1960. Prior to that, the capital was the city of Girga and the name of the governorate was Girga Governorate. It also included Esna Governorate (nowadays Qena Governorate)
Until the 19th century there was only a village located in the area. In 1960, the capital of the province of Sohag Girga transferred to this location and the city was renamed accordingly.
It is unclear how long this site has been inhabited. There are several mummies here that date to Roman times, the village. In Coptic times, there was a community of monks living at the White Monastery in the area.
The 10th of April is the national day of the governorate to celebrate the victory of the Egyptian national resistance troops on the French troops in Johaina Battle in 1799.
Sohag lies on the western bank of the Nile on a fertile agricultural plain, approximately 6 kilometers southwest of Akhmim. In addition, the city includes two islands, Karaman-ez-Zahur Island, which is larger and uninhabited, and ez-Zahur Island (جزيرة الزهور, Ǧazīrat az-Zuhur, "Flower Island") which has some homes.
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Sohag Governorate
Sohag Governorate (Arabic: محافظة سوهاج Muḥāfaẓat Sawhāǧ) is one of the governorates of Egypt. It is located in the southern part of the country (Upper Egypt), and covers a stretch of the Nile Valley. Since 1960, its capital has been the city of Sohag. Prior to that, the capital was the city of Girga and the name of the governorate was Girga Governorate.
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Suez
Suez (Arabic: السويس as Suwais, Egyptian Arabic: [esseˈweːs]) is a seaport city (population ca. 497,000) in north-eastern Egypt, located on the north coast of the Gulf of Suez (a branch of the Red Sea), near the southern terminus of the Suez Canal, having the same boundaries as Suez governorate. It has three harbors, Adabya, Ain Sokhna and Port Tawfiq, and extensive port facilities. Together they form a metropolitan area. Railway lines and highways connect the city with Cairo, Port Said, and Ismailia. Suez has a petrochemical plant, and its oil refineries have pipelines carrying the finished product to Cairo.
In the 7th-century CE a town named "Kolzum" stood just north of the site of present-day Suez and served as eastern terminus of a canal built by Amr ibn al-'As linking the Nile River and the Red Sea. Kolzum's trade fell following the closure of the canal in 770 by the second Abbasid caliph al-Mansur to prevent his enemies in Arabia from accessing supplies from Egypt and the lands north of it. Nonetheless, the town benefited from the trade that remained between Egypt and Arabia. By 780 al-Mansur's successor al-Mahdi restored part of the canal. The Qarmatians led by Hasan ibn Ahmad defeated a Fatimid army headed by Gawhar al-Siqilli at Kolzum in 971 and thereby captured the town. Following his defeat in Cairo by al-Siqilli at the end of that year, Hasan and his forces retreated to Arabia via Kolzum. Suez was situated nearby and served as a source of drinking water for Kolzum according to Arab traveler al-Muqaddasi who visited in 986.
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Suez Governorate
Suez Governorate (Arabic: محافظة السويس Muḥāfaẓa as Suwais) is one of the governorates of Egypt. It is located in the north-eastern part of the country and is coterminous with the city of Suez. It is situated north of the Gulf of Suez.
There are five ports in the Suez Governorate; namely El-Sokhna port, Tewfiq port, Adabeya port, petrol basin port, and El-Atka fishing port.
Natural resources in the Suez Governorate include limestone, clay, coal, petroleum, marble, and lime.
The chief exports of Suez are papayas.
In 1975, the Suez Public Free Zone was established. It is divided between two main locations:
Coordinates: 29°59′N 32°33′E / 29.983°N 32.55°E / 29.983; 32.55
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Tanta
Tanta (Arabic: طنطا Ṭanṭā) is a city in Egypt. It is the country's fifth largest populated area, with an estimated 429,000 inhabitants (2008). Tanta is located 94 km (58 mi) north of Cairo and 130 km (81 mi) southeast of Alexandria. The capital of the Gharbia Governorate, it is a centre for the cotton-ginning industry and the main railroad hub of the Nile Delta.
Tanta is known for its sweets, eaten during the mulid (Arabic: المولد) festivals. The main streets are Al- Bahr(algeish) Street, Al-Galaa Street, Al-Nahaas Street, Hassan Radwan Street, Alnady street and Saeed Street. Tanta has cotton ginning factories and textile industries, and is also a university town (Tanta University since 1972)and an institute attached to the El-Azhar University in Cairo as well as the seat of a Metropolitan of the Coptic Church. This city comes to life in late October at the end of the cotton harvest. About two million people from around the Delta and other parts of the Arab world come for the Moulid of Sayid Ahmed el-Badawi, which is an eight day celebration. The moulid is centered around the Mosque and Tomb of Sayid Ahmed el Badawi. El Badawi was the founder of one of Egypt's largest Sufi orders called Badawiya. He was born in Morocco, but emigrated to Arabia. He was sent to Tanta in 1234 as a representative of the order from Iraq. He was given permission to start a new order in Tanta and it soon flourished. His tomb was destroyed in the mid-nineteenth century but another was built and is the center of the festival. During the festival many sugar-coated nuts called 'hubb el Azziz' ('seeds of the Beloved Prophet') are eaten. They have been considered a delicacy since ancient times. The Museum of Tanta contains collections from the present day back to Pharaonic times.
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Zagazig
Zagazig (Arabic: الزقازيق Az Zaqāzīq, colloquial [zaʔaziːʔ] or [zaɡaziːɡ]) is a town in Lower Egypt. Situated in the eastern part of the Nile delta, it is the capital of the governorate of Sharqia.
As of 1999, its population was approximately 279,000. It is built on a branch of the Fresh Water or Ismaïlia Canal and on al-Muˤizz Canal (the ancient Tanitic channel of the Nile), and is 47 miles by rail north-northeast of Cairo. Situated on the Nile Delta in the midst of a fertile district, Zagazig is a centre of the cotton and grain trade of Egypt. It has large cotton factories and used to have offices of numerous European merchants.
It is located on the Muweis Canal and is the chief center of the corn and cotton trade. There is a small museum called the Orabi Museum that contains some interesting archaeological exhibits.
Zagazig University, one of the largest universities in Egypt, is also located in the city, with colleges in different fields of science and arts. Also there is a branch for Al-Azhar University, the largest Islamic university in the world.
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Ahmad Fakhri
Ahmad Fakhry(أحمد فخريArabic) (1905 – 1973) was an Egyptian archaeologist who worked in the Western desert of Egypt (including in 1940 dig at El Haiz, and then at Siwa), and also in the necropolis at Dahshur.
wn.com/Ahmad_Fakhri -
Herodotus
Herodotus ( /hɨˈrɒdətəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἡρόδοτος Hēródotos) was an ancient Greek historian who was born in Halicarnassus, Caria (modern day Bodrum, Turkey) and lived in the fifth century BC (circa 484 – 425 BC). He has been called the "Father of History", and was the first historian known to collect his materials systematically, test their accuracy to a certain extent and arrange them in a well-constructed and vivid narrative.The Histories—his masterpiece and the only work he is known to have produced—is a record of his "inquiry" (or ἱστορία historía, a word that passed into Latin and acquired its modern meaning of "history"), being an investigation of the origins of the Greco-Persian Wars and including a wealth of geographical and ethnographical information. Although some of his stories were fanciful, he claimed he was reporting only what had been told to him. Little is known of his personal history.
The Histories, otherwise known as The Researches or The Inquiries, were divided by later Alexandrian editors into nine books, named after the nine Muses: the "Muse of History", Clio, representing the first book, then Euterpe, Thaleia, Melpomene, Terpsichore, Erato, Polymnia, Ourania and Calliope for books 2 to 9, respectively. At its simplest and broadest level of meaning, The Histories is structured as a dynastic history of four Persian kings:
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Noize Index - Al Kharga
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:26
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
Usually when I smoke hookah, I make guitar songs influenced by middle eastern culture. I will continue to share these songs with you under my Guitar Work playlist. These will be uploads in between my main monthly music releases! Sit back, enjoy your hookah and jam out to this guitar medley I created. I will get my hands on better recording equipment very soon! You can also find some links below! - Noize Network - Gaming - www.youtube.com Promotion - www.youtube.com Vlogging - www.youtube.com - Noize Index - Facebook - www.facebook.com SoundCloud - www.soundcloud.com YouTube - www.youtube.com Twitter - www.twitter.com Thanks for watching and come back again!
http://wn.com/Noize_Index_Al_Kharga
Usually when I smoke hookah, I make guitar songs influenced by middle eastern culture. I will continue to share these songs with you under my Guitar Work playlist. These will be uploads in between my main monthly music releases! Sit back, enjoy your hookah and jam out to this guitar medley I created. I will get my hands on better recording equipment very soon! You can also find some links below! - Noize Network - Gaming - www.youtube.com Promotion - www.youtube.com Vlogging - www.youtube.com - Noize Index - Facebook - www.facebook.com SoundCloud - www.soundcloud.com YouTube - www.youtube.com Twitter - www.twitter.com Thanks for watching and come back again!
Kharga Hotel and Oasis Egypt
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:26
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
www.TravelsWithSheila.com One night at the beautiful Solymar Kharga Hotel, completely empty except for eight people, before heading out of the Western Desert (escorted by local police for safety reasons), back to Luxor and from there, a plane to Cairo. A stop to buy boxes of Kharga's renowned dates. According to our guide, Luxor doesn't have good dates and his friends put in requests for boxes of dates. Nearing the outskirts of Luxor, more stops for both the guide and driver to stock up on produce, fresh from the fields. Those tomatoes certainly looked luscious!
http://wn.com/Kharga_Hotel_and_Oasis_Egypt
www.TravelsWithSheila.com One night at the beautiful Solymar Kharga Hotel, completely empty except for eight people, before heading out of the Western Desert (escorted by local police for safety reasons), back to Luxor and from there, a plane to Cairo. A stop to buy boxes of Kharga's renowned dates. According to our guide, Luxor doesn't have good dates and his friends put in requests for boxes of dates. Nearing the outskirts of Luxor, more stops for both the guide and driver to stock up on produce, fresh from the fields. Those tomatoes certainly looked luscious!
- published: 30 Mar 2012
- views: 78
- author: travelswithsheila
AHY 223 lazar hlm kharga
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 30:07
- Updated: 20 May 2012
http://wn.com/AHY_223_lazar_hlm_kharga
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 1
- author: ArabicLogosTV
Kotomoto Ya Kharga Men Bab El Hamam كوتو موتو يا خارجة من باب الحمام
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:50
- Updated: 22 Oct 2012
Kotomoto Ya Kharga Men Bab El Hamam كوتو موتو يا خارجة من باب الحمام
http://wn.com/Kotomoto_Ya_Kharga_Men_Bab_El_Hamam_كوتو_موتو_يا_خارجة_من_باب_الحمام
Kotomoto Ya Kharga Men Bab El Hamam كوتو موتو يا خارجة من باب الحمام
- published: 22 Oct 2012
- views: 22
- author: omar1980TV
Kharga Oasis 1 EGYPT western desert
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:20
- Updated: 04 Jun 2012
http://wn.com/Kharga_Oasis_1_EGYPT_western_desert
- published: 17 May 2011
- views: 500
- author: TribeExpeditions
Abou Meharak Kharga Oct12
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:58
- Updated: 22 Oct 2012
http://wn.com/Abou_Meharak_Kharga_Oct12
- published: 17 Oct 2012
- views: 66
- author: TheMOUUNA
Abou.Meharak-Kharga Oct 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:39
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
http://wn.com/AbouMeharak-Kharga_Oct_2012
- published: 17 Oct 2012
- views: 17
- author: TheMOUUNA
Mashed - Desafíos: (2) Kharga Temple; Copper, Silver & Gold.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:47
- Updated: 09 Sep 2012
Twitter: twitter.com Os traigo el segundo vídeo de la serie de carreras de Mashed. De momento no habrá multiplayer de este juego, porque me da muchos problemas y acaba petando si intento grabar. Trabajaré para solucionarlo.
http://wn.com/Mashed_Desafíos_2_Kharga_Temple;_Copper,_Silver_Gold
Twitter: twitter.com Os traigo el segundo vídeo de la serie de carreras de Mashed. De momento no habrá multiplayer de este juego, porque me da muchos problemas y acaba petando si intento grabar. Trabajaré para solucionarlo.
- published: 15 Jun 2012
- views: 19
- author: lechugator9
- published: 09 Jul 2012
- views: 16
- author: Shu Sakizu
Mashed Fully Loaded - Angel Peak, Kharga Temple & Neustein.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:39
- Updated: 10 Sep 2012
Twitter: twitter.com Aquí os traigo una versión mejorada de este juegazo. Aún así no sé seguro si lo continuaré porque me da muchos problemas (este archivo ocupaba 11 GB originalmente)
http://wn.com/Mashed_Fully_Loaded_Angel_Peak,_Kharga_Temple_Neustein
Twitter: twitter.com Aquí os traigo una versión mejorada de este juegazo. Aún así no sé seguro si lo continuaré porque me da muchos problemas (este archivo ocupaba 11 GB originalmente)
- published: 02 Jul 2012
- views: 22
- author: lechugator9
Kharga Oasis 2 Egypt western desert
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:25
- Updated: 11 Jan 2012
http://wn.com/Kharga_Oasis_2_Egypt_western_desert
- published: 17 May 2011
- views: 289
- author: TribeExpeditions
HIbis temple , Kharga Oasis
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:41
- Updated: 20 Aug 2012
http://wn.com/HIbis_temple_,_Kharga_Oasis
- published: 05 Jul 2011
- views: 80
- author: zamalektiger
"Kharga Oasis" Wwatling's photos around Kharga, Egypt (sol y mar pioneer kharga oasis)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:06
- Updated: 16 Feb 2012
Preview of Wwatling's blog at TravelPod. Read the full blog here: www.travelpod.com This blog preview was made by TravelPod using the TripAdvisor™ TripWow slideshow creator. Learn more about these videos: www.travelpod.com
http://wn.com/Kharga_Oasis_Wwatling's_photos_around_Kharga,_Egypt_sol_y_mar_pioneer_kharga_oasis
Preview of Wwatling's blog at TravelPod. Read the full blog here: www.travelpod.com This blog preview was made by TravelPod using the TripAdvisor™ TripWow slideshow creator. Learn more about these videos: www.travelpod.com
- published: 25 Feb 2011
- views: 210
- author: TripAdvisorTRIPWOW2
TeleMed 1st visit to Kharga
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:53
- Updated: 16 Oct 2012
TeleMed setup an e-clinic for consultlive at el Kharga
http://wn.com/TeleMed_1st_visit_to_Kharga
TeleMed setup an e-clinic for consultlive at el Kharga
- published: 14 Jul 2011
- views: 26
- author: Moemen Mostafa
- published: 07 May 2012
- views: 108
- author: loveandrain1306
Mashed závody na Andělské hoře a Chrámu Kharga
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 27:40
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
První video na PC. Ukázeme vám hru MASHED. LIKE a KOMENT. Já jsem v červeným a Sporťák ve žlutým autě. já jsem často nadával za rudocha viz.VIDEO
http://wn.com/Mashed_závody_na_Andělské_hoře_a_Chrámu_Kharga
První video na PC. Ukázeme vám hru MASHED. LIKE a KOMENT. Já jsem v červeným a Sporťák ve žlutým autě. já jsem často nadával za rudocha viz.VIDEO
- published: 12 Nov 2012
- views: 4
- author: AkcnakaSportak
Mashed (PS2) - 02/13 - Kharga Temple
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:25
- Updated: 06 Oct 2012
VGgameplay speed and blast their way through the awesome Mashed on PS2 and XBOX. Gameplay and commentary by Princescyther and Raiko101.
http://wn.com/Mashed_PS2_02_13_Kharga_Temple
VGgameplay speed and blast their way through the awesome Mashed on PS2 and XBOX. Gameplay and commentary by Princescyther and Raiko101.
- published: 26 Jul 2008
- views: 23095
- author: VGgameplay
Viaje al Oásis de Kharga y Dakhla 1 autor Ptahmés. - copia.wmv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:01
- Updated: 01 Aug 2012
Sinópsis fotografica de los viajes de otras personas.
http://wn.com/Viaje_al_Oásis_de_Kharga_y_Dakhla_1_autor_Ptahmés_copiawmv
Sinópsis fotografica de los viajes de otras personas.
- published: 25 Mar 2012
- views: 52
- author: nacheenko
Egypte Part 4 : Kharga Oasis - Aswan - Nile boattrip to Numibian village (14:43)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:43
- Updated: 07 Nov 2012
Egypte Part 4 : After a night in the Kharga Oasis we left for Aswan where we took a boattrip on the Nile to a Numibian village, went to the local school and had dinner in the restaurant. (14:43) Paul Pesie - Bergen (NH)
http://wn.com/Egypte_Part_4_Kharga_Oasis_Aswan_Nile_boattrip_to_Numibian_village_1443
Egypte Part 4 : After a night in the Kharga Oasis we left for Aswan where we took a boattrip on the Nile to a Numibian village, went to the local school and had dinner in the restaurant. (14:43) Paul Pesie - Bergen (NH)
- published: 01 May 2011
- views: 106
- author: Paul Pesie
Descent to Kharga.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:18
- Updated: 13 Nov 2011
Also known as descent to hell.
http://wn.com/Descent_to_Kharga
Also known as descent to hell.
- published: 13 Nov 2011
- views: 5
- author: TheOnlyGippo
sajan, dilla, kharga and dalla.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:02
- Updated: 21 Oct 2011
its a really nice song from the new album of rajesh payal rai-kamana
http://wn.com/sajan,_dilla,_kharga_and_dalla
its a really nice song from the new album of rajesh payal rai-kamana
- published: 31 Aug 2010
- views: 407
- author: sajan tamang
Wedding Parade In Al-Kharga
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:38
- Updated: 19 Jul 2010
A wedding party (in vehicles) drives by us in Al-Kharga, Egypt.
http://wn.com/Wedding_Parade_In_Al-Kharga
A wedding party (in vehicles) drives by us in Al-Kharga, Egypt.
- published: 06 Nov 2006
- views: 578
- author: deus2479
kharga Museum .wmv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:49
- Updated: 19 Apr 2012
http://wn.com/kharga_Museum_wmv
- published: 24 Jan 2012
- views: 11
- author: hishamelsebai
photo: AP / Sepahnews
27 Nov 2012
WASHINGTON -- The drone wars are here. While President Obama ponders new legal and moral guidelines to govern America's growing use of armed robot aircraft, the world outside the White House is engaged in a revolutionary frenzy of building, arming and flying killer drones ... More than 50 countries operate surveillance drones and, increasingly, are fitting them with weapons. The U.S ... spy drone was shot down last December ... On Oct ... 988 miles ... ....(size: 8.4Kb)
photo: AP / Jerome Delay
27 Nov 2012
M23 rebels controlling the eastern city of Goma in the DR Congo have said they are not about to withdraw as demanded by regional leaders. The rebels said on Tuesday there were still in charge of Goma, just hours after General Aronda Nyakairima, the head of the Ugandan military, was quoted by the Reuters news agency as saying that their leader, Sultani Makenga, had told him he would pull out of Goma and Sake ... 276 Source. ... Share ... News ... ;">....(size: 17.7Kb)
photo: UN / Jan Golinski
27 Nov 2012
Doha conference is warned that climate models do not yet take account of methane in thawing permafrost. Frozen ground in Siberia. Permafrost covers nearly a quarter of the northern hemisphere. Photograph. Francis Latreille/Corbis. The United Nations sounded a stark warning on the threat to the climate from methane in the thawing permafrost as governments met for the second day of climate change negotiations in Doha, Qatar ... ....(size: 5.3Kb)
photo: UN / Rick Bajornas
28 Nov 2012
By Victor Kotsev. Thursday is shaping up as a big day in Palestinian history. Exactly 65 years after the United Nations resolution partitioning British Mandatory Palestine was adopted (and rejected at the time by the Arabs), the General Assembly will vote on Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas's proposal for non-member state status for Palestine within the borders of the period between the 1948 and the 1967 wars ... Â. Palestinian horizon....(size: 16.8Kb)
photo: AP / SANA
28 Nov 2012
Nov. 28, 2012. A Syrian soldier, right, and citizens gather at an alley that was destroyed by two cars bombs in a suburb of Damascus, Syria.AP. BEIRUT – Twin car bombs ripped through a Damascus suburb Wednesday, killing at least 34 people and leaving dozens critically wounded, according to state media and hospital officials. The state news agency, SANA, said two cars packed with explosives detonated at 6.45 Wednesday morning....(size: 2.9Kb)
Newstrack India
24 Nov 2012
Tweet. Los Angeles, Nov 24 (IANS) Iconic show designer Christian Louboutin recently launched his own beauty line, but insists he is careful about his business ventures ... Read More. Sadar Bazar . Sarsehri ... Hargolal ... Kharga Canteen ... ) .. ). ... . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 2.1Kb)
Newstrack India
22 Nov 2012
Tweet. Moscow, Nov 22 (IANS/RIA Novosti) An underground casino in downtown Moscow has been shut down in a special operation, the police said Thursday ... The casino had special poker tables, four roulette tables, and 34 gaming machines," a police press statement said ... ??IANS/RIA Novosti ... Hargolal ... Kharga Canteen ... ) .. ). ... . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 2.7Kb)
Newstrack India
21 Nov 2012
Tweet. London, Nov 21 (IANS) Selena Gomez has been named the new global style icon of sports giant Adidas Neo label and the singer?actress says she will also be involved with the design process ... femalefirst.co.uk quoted Gomez as saying ... Read More ... Kharga Canteen ... ) .. ). ... . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 2.4Kb)
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
07 Nov 2012
DAB'IYA, EGYPT -- Along a narrow, leafy road just past a small domed mosque is an electric pole with a handwritten sign showing the path to the country home of the poet Abdel-rahman Elabnoudy. The sign reads Aya and Nour, the names of his daughters ... Hopes of reconnecting with friends were dashed when he learned that the police had rounded them up for their communist allegiances and sent them to the remote desert prison in Kharga ... ....(size: 13.4Kb)
Newstrack India
05 Nov 2012
Tweet. Los Angeles, Nov 5 (IANS) Singer Taylor Swift dumped boyfriend Conor Kennedy because she thought he was bad for her career. Conor, son of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and late Mary Nancy Richardson, belongs to the famous Kennedy political family ... "He's trying to forget about Taylor ... Read More ... Kharga Canteen ... ) .. ). ... . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 2.6Kb)
Newstrack India
04 Nov 2012
Newstrack India
04 Nov 2012
Tweet. London, November 4 (ANI). Prince Harry, who will take on the Taliban on Christmas Day, will join his family's celebrations in a Skype video call from war-torn Afghanistan ... "The family are very anxious for Harry ... He also spent Christmas there in 2007. (ANI) ... Kharga Canteen ... ) .. ). ... . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 2.5Kb)
Newstrack India
30 Oct 2012
Tweet. Los Angeles, Oct 30 (IANS) Supermodel Miranda Kerr has been voted as the sexiest woman on the earth. The poll was conducted by men's magazine Esquire, reports thesun.co.uk ... Read More. Sadar Bazar . Sarsehri ... Kharga Canteen ... ) .. ). ... . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 2.2Kb)
Newstrack India
03 Oct 2012
Tweet. Ankara, Oct 4 (IANS) Turkey Wednesday attacked targets in Syria after Syrian shells killed five people in a Turkish border town. Syrian shells hit a house around 4 p.m ... Ten others were wounded, Xinhua reported ... Read More ... Kharga Canteen ... ) .. ). ... . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 2.5Kb)
photo: WN / Imran Nissar
26 Sep 2012
New Delhi, September 26.. The Indian Army will hold its largest war game ever when top commanders from all key formations will gather at Pune this week to validate its latest pro-active war fighting concepts aimed at traditional rivals, Pakistan and China ... 1. The 2011 summer exercise Vijayee Bhava was held in the Rajasthan desert in May by the Ambala-based 2 Kharga Corps, one of the three offensive strike formations of the Army....(size: 4.5Kb)
Newstrack India
21 Sep 2012
Tweet. Rio de Janeiro, Sep 21 (IANS) Former Portugal star Deco is set to return from more than six weeks on the sidelines when Fluminense take on Nautico in Brazil's Serie A championship Saturday ... Read More. Brazil . Sadar Bazar ... Kharga Canteen ... ) .. ). ... . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 2.4Kb)
Newstrack India
19 Sep 2012
Tweet. Beijing, Sep 19 (IANS) The US directly or indirectly sides with China's opponents in disputes China has with its neighbours, said a state-run Chinese daily Wednesday. An article in the Op-Ed section of Global Times said that Washington's "attitude still remains vague" on the dispute between China and Japan over Diaoyu islands. "But it is obvious that Washington is not so impartial between China and Japan ... Japan ... Kharga Canteen ... ....(size: 3.5Kb)
Newstrack India
15 Sep 2012
Tweet. London, Sept 15 (ANI). Prince William is so furious with the French magazine that published topless pictures of his wife Kate while they were on a holiday in France, that he called in lawyers to sue the publication ... A royal source said that William has been saddened by the pictures and it was something he wanted to prevent ... Kharga Canteen ... ) .. ). ... . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 2.8Kb)
For the poetic style with the same name, see Kharja.
| Kharga الخارجة Kharja |
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 Kharga
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| Coordinates: 25°26′56″N 30°32′24″E / 25.44889°N 30.54°E / 25.44889; 30.54 | |
| Country | Egypt |
| Governorate | New Valley |
| Time zone | EST (UTC+2) |
El-Kharga' (Arabic: الخارجة al-Ḫāriǧa), also known as Al-Kharijah, (meaning the outer oasis) is the southernmost of Egypt's five western oases. It is located in the Libyan Desert, about 200 km to the west of the Nile valley, and is some 150 km long. It is located in and is the capital of New Valley Governorate.[1] This oasis, which was known as the 'Southern Oasis' to the Ancient Egyptians, is the largest of the oases in the Libyan desert of Egypt and "consists of a depression about 160km long and from 20km to 80km wide."[2] Its population is over 100,000.
Contents |
Overview[link]
Kharga is the most modernized of Egypt's western oases. The main town is a highly functional town with all modern facilities, and virtually nothing left of old architecture. Although framed by the oasis, there is no oasis feeling to it; unlike all other oases in this part of Egypt. There are extensive thorn palm, acacia, buffalo thorn and jujube forests in the oasis surrounding the modern town of Kharga. Many remnant wildlife species inhabit this region.
Darb el-Arbain caravan route[link]
The Darb el-Arbain trade route, passing through Kharga in the south and Asyut in the north, was a long caravan route running north-south between Middle Egypt and the Sudan. It was used from as early as the Old Kingdom of Egypt for the transport and trade of gold, ivory, spices, wheat, animals and plants.[3] The maximum extent of the Darb el-Arbain was northward from Kobbei, 25 miles north of al-Fashir, passing through the desert, through Bir Natrum and Wadi Howar, and ending in Egypt.[4]
All the oases have always been crossroads of caravan routes converging from the barren desert. In the case of Kharga, this is made particularly evident by the presence of a chain of fortresses that the Romans built to protect the Darb el-Arbain. The forts vary for size and function, some being just small outposts, some guarding large settlements complete with cultivation. Some were installed where earlier settlements already existed, while others were probably founded anew. All of them are made of mud bricks, but some also contain small stone temples with inscribed walls.
Described by Herodotus as a road "traversed ... in forty days," the Darb el-Arbain became by his time an important land route facilitating trade between Nubia and Egypt.[5] For this reason, it is sometimes referred to as the Forty Days Road.[6]
As part of a caravan proceeding to Dafur, the English explorer W.G. Browne paused for several days at Kharga, leaving with the rest of the group 7 June 1793. At the time a Gindi was stationed at Kharga, "belonging to Ibrahim-bey-el-kebir, to whom those villages appertain; and to [this official] is entrusted the management of what relates to the caravan during the time of its stay there."[7]
Demographics[link]
Native Khargans belong to the related Beja ethnic group. They speak their own Afro-Asiatic language, though Arabic is the dominant tongue.
Transportation[link]
A regular bus service connects the oasis to the other Western oases and to the rest of Egypt. A railway line Kharga - Qena (Nile Valley) - Port Safaga (Red Sea) has been in service since 1996.
Archaeological sites[link]
The Temple of Hibis is a Saite-era temple founded by Psamtik II, which was erected largely ca. 500 BC. It is located about 2 kilometres north of modern Kharga, in a palm-grove.[8] There is a second 1st millennium BC temple in the southern most part of the oasis at Dush.[9] An ancient Christian cemetery at Al-Bagawat also functioned at Kharga Oasis from the 3rd to the 7th century AD. It is one of the earliest and best preserved Christian cemeteries in the ancient world.
The first list of sites is due to Ahmad Fakhri but serious archaeological work was initiated by IFAO's director Serge Sauneron only in 1976.
- Sites
-
- (with wikimedia image sub-categories under "Category:Kharga Oasis" of external link below)
- Ain el-Beleida (Roman)
- Ain el-Labakha (Roman)
- Ain Manawir (Persian, Roman)
- Ain Shams el-Din (Coptic church)
- Ain el-Tarakwa (Roman)
- Ain Tauleib (Roman)
- Deir Mustafa Kashef (Coptic monastery)
- Deir el-Munira (Roman)
- Gabbanat el-Bagawat - Coptic cemetery
- Gebel el-Teir (Rock inscriptions starting from prehistoric times)
- El-Nadura (Roman)
- Qasr el-Dabashiya (Roman)
- Qasr Dush (Greco-Roman)
- Qasr el-Ghweita (Late Period)
- Qasr el-Gibb (Roman)
- Qasr el-Zayyan (Greco-Roman)
- Sumeira (Roman)
- Temple of Hibis (Persian - c. 500s BCE.)
- Umm el-Dabadib (Roman)
- Umm Mawagir (Middle Kingdom, 2nd Intermediate Period)
Further reading[link]
- Dunand, Françoise; Ibrahim, Bahgat Ahmed; Hussein, Magdi (2008) (in French). Le matériel archéologique et les restes humains de la nécropole d'Aïn el-Labakha (oasis de Kharga). Cybèle. ISBN 978-2-915840-07-0.
Notes[link]
- ^ Ball, J. 1900. Kharga Oasis: its topography and geology. Survey Department, Public Works Ministry, Geological Survey Report 1899, Part II. Cairo: National Printing Department, 116 pp.
- ^ Introduction to Kharga Oasis
- ^ Jobbins, Jenny. "The 40 days' nightmare," in Al-Ahram, 13–19 November 2003, Issue No. 664. Published in Cairo, Egypt.
- ^ Burr, J. Millard and Robert O. Collins, Darfur: The Long Road to Disaster, Markus Wiener Publishers: Princeton, 2006, ISBN 1-55876-405-4, pp. 6-7.
- ^ Smith, Dr. Stuart Tyson. Nubia: History, University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Anthropology, <http://www.anth.ucsb.edu/faculty/stsmith/research/nubia_history.html>. Retrieved January 21, 2009.
- ^ Richardson, Dan; (1991). EGYPT: the Rough Guide. Harrap Colombus Ltd, Kent. Page ii.
- ^ Browne, Travels in Africa, Egypt and Syria, from the years 1792 to 1798 (London, 1799), pp. 185
- ^ "Egyptian Monuments: Hibis", accessed 28 November 2008
- ^ "New Persian temple found at Kharga" Egyptology News 22 February 2007, accessed 28 November 2008
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kharga Oasis |
- Wilford, John Noble (6 September 2010) "Desert Roads Lead to Discovery in Egypt" The New York Times
- Information on the forts and archaeological work
- Travel guide
- (German) Khārga on Wikivoyage
Coordinates: 25°26′18″N 30°33′30″E / 25.43833°N 30.55833°E / 25.43833; 30.55833
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharga_Oasis
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
