- published: 01 Feb 2011
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![[EGYPT] Ayman Nour, Mubarak Calls For Departure Of January 25](http://web.archive.org./web/20121229020610im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/fOBiR_YGcPI/default.jpg "EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION 2011!!! OVERTHROW THE TYRANT MUBARAK!!! NO MORE ILLUMINATI PUPPETS!!! egypt 2011 25 26 27 28 29 30 january cairo protests alexandria square parliament corrupt government nwo zionists middle east arabs revolutions uprising tunisia algeria news peaceful victory world fight puppets riots streets Muslims christians atheists democracy worldwide march masses people police fighting street killed wounded revolt")
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6th October Bridge
The 6th October Bridge (Arabic: جسر 6 أكتوبر, Kubri 6 uktubar) is an elevated highway in central Cairo, Egypt. The 20.5 kilometres (12.7 mi) bridge and causeway crosses the Nile River twice from the west bank suburbs, east through Gezira Island to Downtown Cairo, and on to connect the city to the Cairo International Airport to the east.
Its name commemorates the date of 'The Crossing' which commenced the outbreak day of the October War in 1973.
The bridge and causeway were completed in 1996, with construction taking nearly 30 years. It began in 1969 with the modest, 130 metres (430 ft)-long Phase 1, which only spanned the smaller west branch of the Nile from Gezira to Agouza (built from May 1969 to August 1972). Phase 9 completed the 20.5 kilometres (12.7 mi)-long final length in 1996. The '6th October Bridge and Flyover' runs from the Agricultural Museum in Dokki east to the Autostrade in Nasr City.
The building of the 6th October Bridge and causeway has been declared a national infrastructure project.
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Alexandria
Alexandria (Arabic: الإسكندرية Al Iskandariyya, Coptic: Ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ Rakotə, Greek: Αλεξάνδρεια Alexándria, Koine Greek: Ἀλεξάνδρεια ἡ κατ' Αἴγυπτον IPA: [ɑlɛˈksɑndɾiɑ e kɑt ˈɛʝypton] "Alexandria in Egypt", Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه [eskendeˈrejːæ]) is the second-largest city of Egypt, with a population of 4.1 million, extending about 32 km (20 mi) along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country; it is also the largest city lying directly on the Mediterranean coast. It is Egypt's largest seaport, serving approximately 80% of Egypt's imports and exports. Alexandria is also an important tourist resort. It is home to the Bibliotheca Alexandrina (the new Library of Alexandria). It is an important industrial centre because of its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez.
Alexandria was founded around a small pharaonic town c. 331 BC by Alexander the Great. It remained Egypt's capital for nearly a thousand years, until the Muslim conquest of Egypt in AD 641, when a new capital was founded at Fustat (Fustat was later absorbed into Cairo). Alexandria was known because of its Lighthouse of Alexandria (Pharos), one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World; its library (the largest library in the ancient world); and the Catacombs of Kom el Shoqafa, one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages. Ongoing maritime archaeology in the harbor of Alexandria, which began in 1994, is revealing details of Alexandria both before the arrival of Alexander, when a city named Rhacotis existed there, and during the Ptolemaic dynasty.
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Cairo
Cairo (
/ˈkaɪroʊ/ KYE-roh; Arabic: القاهرة al-Qāhira, literally "The Vanquisher" or "The Conqueror"), is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in the Arab world and Africa, and the 16th largest metropolitan area in the world. Located near the Nile Delta, it was founded in the year 969 A.D. making it 1,043 years old. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life. Cairo was founded by the Fatimid dynasty in the 10th century AD.; but the land composing the present-day city was the site of national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo is also associated with Ancient Egypt due to its proximity to the ancient cities of Memphis, Giza and Fustat which are nearby to the Great Sphinx and the pyramids of Giza.
Egyptians today often refer to Cairo as Maṣr (Arabic: مصر), the Arabic pronunciation of the name for Egypt itself, emphasizing the city's continued role in Egyptian influence. Cairo has the oldest and largest film and music industries in the Arab World, as well as the world's second-oldest institution of higher learning, al-Azhar University. Many international media, businesses, and organizations have regional headquarters in the city, and the Arab League has had its headquarters in Cairo for most of its existence.
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Egypt
Egypt
i/ˈiːdʒɪpt/ (Arabic: مصر, Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: [mɑsˤɾ] ; Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, Kīmi ; Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲏⲙⲉ, Kēme), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: جمهوريّة مصر العربيّة (help·info), is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world. Covering an area of about 1,010,000 square kilometers (390,000 sq mi), Egypt is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.
Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. The great majority of its over 81 million people live near the banks of the Nile River, in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large areas of the Sahara Desert are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.
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Geography of Egypt
Coordinates: 27°00′N 30°00′E / 27°N 30°E / 27; 30
The Geography of Egypt relates to two regions: Southwest Asia and North Africa.
Egypt has coastlines on both the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. The country borders Libya to the west, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the east, and Sudan to the south. Covering 1,001,449 km2, Egypt has a land area about the same as that of Texas and New Mexico combined, four times bigger than that of the United Kingdom, and twice as big as that of France. The longest straight-line distance in Egypt from north to south is 1,024 km, while that from east to west measures 1,240 km. More than 2,900 km of coastline on the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Suez, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea constitute Egypt's maritime boundaries.
Egypt is divided into twenty-six governorates (sometimes called provinces), which include four city governorates: Alexandria (Al Iskandariyah), Cairo (Al Qahirah), Port Said (Bur Said) and Suez. Also included are the nine governorates of Lower Egypt in the Nile Delta region, the eight governorates of Upper Egypt along the Nile River south from Cairo to Aswan, and the five frontier governorates covering Sinai and the deserts that lie west and east of the Nile.
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Sidi Bishr
Sidi Bishr (Arabic: سيدي بشر) is a neighborhood in the Montaza District of Alexandria, Egypt. Established as a summering site by the Egyptian middle class before the Revolution of 1952, it has since become one of the largest neighborhoods of the city.
The Coptic Orthodox Church of Saint Mark and Pope Peter—known locally as the Church of the Two Saints—located in Sidi Bishr, was the target of the 2011 Alexandria bombing on 1 January 2011; formerly suspected to be the work of terrorist group the Army of Islam, the Chief Prosecutor of Egypt has since accused the Interior Ministry of carrying out the bombing.
The headquarters of Montaza District are located in Sidi Bishr; the building was damaged by fire during the Revolution of 2011, as it contained a police station.
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Suez Canal
The Suez Canal (Arabic: قناة السويس Qanāt al-Sūwais), also known by the nickname "The Highway to India", is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened in November 1869 after 10 years of construction work, it allows transportation by water between Europe and Asia without navigation around Africa. The northern terminus is Port Said and the southern terminus is Port Tawfik at the city of Suez. Ismailia lies on its west bank, 3 km (1.9 mi) north of the half-way point.
When first built, the canal was 164 km (102 mi) long and 8 m (26 ft) deep. After multiple enlargements, the canal is 193.30 km (120.11 mi) long, 24 m (79 ft) deep and 205 metres (673 ft) wide as of 2010. It consists of the northern access channel of 22 km/14 mi, the canal itself of 162.25 km/100.82 mi and the southern access channel of 9 km/5.6 mi.
The canal is single lane with passing places in Ballah By-Pass and in the Great Bitter Lake. It contains no locks; seawater flows freely through the canal. In general, the canal north of the Bitter Lakes flows north in winter and south in summer. The current south of the lakes changes with the tide at Suez.
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Tahrir Square
Coordinates: 30°02′40″N 31°14′09″E / 30.044422°N 31.235696°E / 30.044422; 31.235696
Tahrir Square (Arabic: ميدان التحرير Mīdān at-Taḥrīr, IPA: [meˈdæːn ettæħˈɾiːɾ], English: Liberation Square) is a major public town square in Downtown Cairo, Egypt.
The square was originally called "Ismailia Square" (ميدان الأسماعيليّة Mīdān al-Ismā‘īliyyah), after the 19th-century ruler Khedive Ismail, who commissioned the new downtown district's 'Paris on the Nile' design. After the Egyptian Revolution of 1919 the square became widely known as Tahrir (Liberation) Square, but the square was not officially renamed until the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, which changed Egypt from a constitutional monarchy into a republic. The square was a focal point for the Egyptian Revolution of 2011.
At the centre of Tahrir Square is a large and busy traffic circle. On the north-east side is a plaza with a statue of nationalist hero Omar Makram, celebrated for his resistance against Napoleon I's invasion of Egypt, and beyond is the Omar Makram Mosque.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
wn.com/United_States
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Abbas El Fassi
Abbas El Fassi (Arabic: عباس الفاسي; born on September 18, 1940, In Berkane, Morocco) was the Prime Minister of Morocco from 19 September 2007 to 29 November 2011. El Fassi, a member of the Istiqlal Party, replaced independent Driss Jettou.
El Fassi was born in Berkane, Morocco on September 18, 1940. He served as the Minister of Housing from 1977 to 1981, Minister of Handicraft and Social Affairs from 1981 to 1985, Ambassador to Tunisia and the Arab League from 1985 to 1990, Ambassador to France from 1990 to 1994, and as Minister of Employment, Professional training, Social Development and Solidarity from 2000 to 2002. He then took up the post of Minister of State in the Jettou government from 2002 to 2007.King Mohammed VI appointed El Fassi as Prime Minister on September 19, 2007 following Istiqlal's victory in the parliamentary elections on September 7.
His government was appointed by Mohammed VI on October 15, with 33 members (not including El Fassi), including seven women. Five political parties were included in this government: Istiqlal, liberal Mouvement Populaire (MP), the Socialist Union of Popular Forces (USFP), the National Rally of Independents (RNI), and the Party of Progress and Socialism (PPS).
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Abdelaziz Bouteflika
Abdelaziz Bouteflika (Arabic pronunciation: [ʕaːbd lʕziz butfliqaː]; Arabic: عبد العزيز بوتفليقة) (born 2 March 1937) is an Algerian politician who has been the fifth President of Algeria since 1999. He presided over the end of the bloody Algerian Civil War in 2002, and he ended emergency rule in February 2011 amidst regional unrest.
He has also served as president of the United Nations General Assembly.
Abdelaziz Bouteflika was born on 2 March 1937 in Oujda, Morocco. He was the first child of his mother and the second child of his father (Fatima, his half-sister, preceded him). His father (Ahmed Bouteflika) and mother (Mansouria Ghezlaoui) originated from the region of Tlemcen. Bouteflika has three half-sisters (Fatima, Yamina, and Aïcha), as well as four brothers (Abdelghani, Mustapha, Abderahim and Saïd) and one sister (Latifa). Saïd serves as Abdelaziz Bouteflika's personal physician, and is said by some to be an important figure in Bouteflika's inner circle of advisers.
Bouteflika was raised in Oujda, where his father had emigrated as a youngster. He successively attended three schools there: "Sidi Ziane", "El Hoceinia" and the "Abdel Moumen" high-school, where he reportedly excelled academically. He was also affiliated with Kadiri Zaouia in Oujda.
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Ahmad Fathi Sorour
Ahmad Fathi Sorour (born 9 July 1932) is an Egyptian politician who was the Speaker of the People's Assembly of Egypt from 1990 until the Egyptian Revolution of 2011. Previously he served in the government as Minister of Education from 1986 to 1990.
Dr. Sorour was first elected to the People's Assembly in April 1989 was elected Speaker in November 1990. He was President of the Council of the Inter-Parliamentary Union in 1994–1997 and also served as President of the Union of African Parliaments in 1990–1991. According to Article 84 of the Egyptian Constitution, Sorour, as speaker of the People's Assembly, was first in the order of succession to become President of Egypt if the president died, became incapacitated, or resigned. Upon the resignation of Hosni Mubarak in 2011, however, the military, headed by Mohamed Hussein Tantawi, assumed control of the state.
Sorour was widely criticized for article 93 of the Egyptian Constituation "The parliament is the master of its decisions", meaning that the parliament could make its decision about membership regardless to any judicial decisions. This article caused significant concerns amidst allegations that the Egyptian parliamentary elections were repeatedly systematically rigged. Sorour continued to assert that the parliament is the competent authority to decide as to the validity of its memberships despite the widely acknowledged allegations of rigging. Following the Egyptian revolution of 2011 Sorour's parliament was dissolved and article 93 was referred for revision.
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Ahmed Aboul Gheit
Ahmed Aboul-Gheit (Arabic: أحمد أبو الغيط, also: Abu al-Ghayt, Abu El Gheyt, etc.) (born June 12, 1942) is an Egyptian diplomat who was the Foreign Minister of Egypt from 11 July 2004 to 6 March 2011, since the government of Ahmed Nazif took office. Aboul-Gheit previously served as Egypt's ambassador to the United Nations. In December 2005 he began mediating the Chad-Sudan conflict. He was succeeded by ICJ judge Nabil Elaraby in March 2011, following the overthrow of President Hosni Mubarak.
Born at Heliopolis in Cairo, Aboul Gheit was originally from the city of Port Saeed. He started his career as Third Secretary in the Embassy of Cyprus and moved into being the First Secretary for Egypt's Ambassador in the United Nations, Political Consultant in the Egyptian Embassy in Russia in 1984, and moved into being the Ambassador of Egypt in Rome, Macedonia and San Marino, and by 1999 he was the head of Egypt's permanent delegation in the United Nations.
Regarding the Pope Benedict XVI Islam controversy, he said "this was a very unfortunate statement and it is a statement that shows that there is a lack of understanding of real Islam. And because of this we are hopeful that such statements and such positions would not be stated in order to not allow tension and distrust and recriminations to brew between the Muslim as well as the west."
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Ahmed Ezz
Ahmed Ezz (born in 1959) is an Egyptian businessman and one-time politician, the owner of Ezz Steel and the former chairman of Egypt's national assembly's budget committee. He is also a former senior member of the ruling National Democratic Party of Egypt (NDP) and has been described as "a confidant of the president’s son Gamal Mubarak, and two other former ministers."
In 1982, Ezz graduated from Cairo University with a degree in Civil Engineering. He has been elected twice as the head of the Iron and Steel Arab Union. Prior to his work in organized labor, Ezz was a parliamentary member representing the districts of Sadat-Monouf-Sers al-Liyan from Monofuyia from the year 2000 to 2011, and also the Chairman of the Planning and Budget Committee of the People's Assembly of Egypt as a member of the National Democratic Party. (According to Al Jazeera, he resigned from the NDP on 29 January 2011.)
Prior to the revolution, opposition parties, other parliamentarians, and groups accused Ezz of monopolizing the steel industry in Egypt by holding more than 60 percent of the market share, describing it as an act that is backed up by the government when the dominant share of monopoly was raised from 35 percent to 65 percent, an act that was described by the active parliamentarian Aboul Ezz Al Hariri as "enhancing the proliferation of monopolies rather than fighting them". The groups mentioned are even blaming him of increasing the steel prices of as much as 70 percent. In response Ezz has told reporters that a competition law "would at least provide a legal framework preventing everyone from making accusations".
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Ahmed Nazif
Ahmed Nazif (Arabic: أحمد نظيف, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [ˈæħmæd nɑˈzˤiːf]) (born July 8, 1952 in Alexandria) served as the Prime Minister of Egypt from 14 July 2004 to 29 January 2011, when his cabinet was dismissed by President Hosni Mubarak in light of a popular uprising that led to the Egyptian Revolution of 2011. Nazif was Acting President of Egypt from 5 March to 15 April 2010, when President Mubarak delegated his authorities to Nazif while undergoing surgery in Germany.
President Hosni Mubarak invited him to form the new government on 9 July 2004. Prime Minister Nazif was sworn in together with fourteen new cabinet ministers on 14 July 2004. He received immediate parliamentary backing through a formal vote of confidence. He was the youngest serving prime minister of Egypt since the founding of the Republic and the second youngest prime minister in the history of modern Egypt. His cabinet was known to be mainly composed of technocrats and well educated neo-liberals.
Having come to power replacing outgoing Prime Minister Atef Obeid who resigned at an emergency cabinet meeting, prompting the collapse of the four-year-old 34-member cabinet, pressure to undergo reforms was ripe. Nazif had served as the Minister for Communications and Information Technology in the Obeid Government. Before that, Nazif was a professor in the Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University.
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Ahmed Shafik
Ahmed Mohamed Shafik (Arabic: أحمد محمد شفيق, IPA: [ˈæħmæd mæˈħæmmæd ʃæˈfiːʔ]; born November 1941)[citation needed] is an Egyptian politician and candidate for the presidency of Egypt. He was a senior commander in the Egyptian Air Force and later served as Prime Minister of Egypt from the 31st of January 2011 to the 3rd of March 2011, a period of 33 days.
After a career as a fighter pilot, and squadron, wing and base commander, Shafik was the Commander of the Egyptian Air Force from 1996 to 2002, reaching the rank of air marshal. Thereafter he served in the government as Minister of Civil Aviation from 2002 to 2011.
He was appointed as Prime Minister by President Hosni Mubarak on January 31, 2011 in response to the 2011 Egyptian Revolution, making him the last Prime Minister to serve as part of Mubarak's administration. He remained in office for only one month, resigning on March 3, 2011, one day after a contentious talk show confrontation in which he was accused by a prominent Egyptian novelist of being a Mubarak regime holdover.
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Ali Abdullah Saleh
Ali Abdullah Saleh (Arabic: علي عبدالله صالح; born 21 March 1942) is a Yemeni politician who was President of Yemen from 1990 to 2012. Saleh previously served as President of the Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) from 1978 until 1990; upon the unification of North Yemen and South Yemen in 1990, he became President of Yemen.
After more than 33 years in power, Saleh signed the Gulf Cooperation Council agreement in November 2011, paving the way for his vice president to become acting president until February 21, 2012; at that point the vice president would be elected to the presidency. On January 22, 2012, the Yemeni parliament passed a law that granted Saleh immunity from being prosecuted and he left Yemen for treatment in the United States. Saleh stepped down and formally ceded power to his deputy Abd Rabbuh Mansur Al-Hadi at the Presidential Palace on 27 February 2012.
Saleh was born in the town of Bait el-Ahmar, in the Al-Ahmar family of the small Sanhan tribe, a tribe whose territories lie some 20 kilometers southeast of the capital Sana'a (the Al-Ahmar family of Sanhan is often falsely confounded with the same-named ruling family of the Hashid tribal confederacy, a confederacy to which the Sanhan tribe belongs). Saleh is a Zaydi Shia Muslim. He is a "non-Hashimi" Zaydi (not a direct descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad's grandfather), and would not have been eligible to rule under the Zaydi Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen that ruled the country until 1962.
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Ali Salman
Ali Salman (Arabic: علي سلمان) is the president of the Al-Wefaq political society in Bahrain. He is a Twelver Shi'a cleric educated in Qom. In January 1995 the Bahraini government forcibly exiled him to Dubai for leading a popular campaign demanding the reinstatement of the constitution and the restoration of parliament during the 1990s Uprising. From there he made his way to London and sought asylum. He continued opposition activities from London, where he was associated with the Bahrain Freedom Movement. Salman returned to Bahrain in March 2001 in a general amnesty as part of a set of political reforms announced by King Hamad.
Within Al Wefaq he is considered the 'moderate' public face of the organization, and has opposed the more confrontational approach with the authorities of other leaders.
Ali Salman originally studied in Qom, a major centre of Iranian theological thinking in Iran. He is a Twelver Shiite who originally followed the quietest teachings of Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Abul-Qassim al-Khoei, the spiritual leader of much of the Shia world until his death in 1992. Following death of his original Marja’, Salman has not felt compelled to speak publicly about his new Marja’. However, in a private interview he claimed that he now tended to rely on the rulings of Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Ali al-Husayni al-Sistani.
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Amr Moussa
Amr Moussa (Arabic: عمرو محمد موسى, IPA: [ˈʕɑmɾe mæˈħæmmæd ˈmuːsæ]; born 3 October 1936) is an Egyptian politician and diplomat who was the Secretary-General of the Arab League, a 22-member forum representing Arab states, from 1 June 2001 until 1 June 2011. Previously he served in the government of Egypt as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1991 to 2001.
He was born on 3 October 1936 in Cairo, Egypt, the son of former parliamentarian Muhammad Moussa. His father also had a son named Pierre during his studies in France in the 1920s. However, Moussa's half-brother Pierre is only a French citizen and has no ties to Egypt.
Moussa finished his education after earning a degree in law from Cairo University in 1957.
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Asmaa Mahfouz
Asmaa Mahfouz (Arabic: أسماء محفوظ, pronounced [ʔæsˈmæːʔ mɑħˈfuːz, ˈʔæsmæ-], born 1 February 1985) is an Egyptian activist and one of the founders of the April 6 Youth Movement. She has been credited by journalist Mona Eltahawy and others with helping to spark mass uprising through her video blog posted one week before the start of the 2011 Egyptian revolution. She is a prominent member of Egypt's Coalition of the Youth of the Revolution and one of the leaders of the Egyptian revolution.
In 2011, she was one of five recipients of the "Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought" awarded for contributions to "historic changes in the Arab world." The other joint recipients were Ahmed al-Senussi, Razan Zaitouneh, Ali Farzat and Mohamed Bouazizi of the Arab Spring.
Arabian Business placed Mahfouz at #381 on its list of the World's 500 Most Influential Arabs.
Born in 1985 in Egypt, Asmaa graduated from Cairo University with a BA in Business Administration. She would later join several other young Egyptian in founding the April 6 Youth Movement. She currently works for a computer company.
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Ayman Nour
Ayman Abd El Aziz Nour (Arabic: أيمن عبد العزيز نور, IPA: [ˈʔæjmæn ʕæbdelˈʕaziːz ˈnuːɾ]; born 5 December 1964) is an Egyptian politician, a former member of the Egyptian Parliament, founder of the El Ghad party and chairman of the Ghad El-Thawra Party.
Ayaman Nour was the first man to ever compete against former President Hosni Mubarak for the presidency of Egypt in 2005. Shortly after placing a distant second, in what are widely believed to have been corrupt elections, he was imprisoned by Hosni Mubarak under allegations of "forgery" which have been widely criticized to have been politically motivated and corrupt charges. Nour was released on "health grounds" on February 18, 2009 only a few months before he would have competed his prison sentence. Following the fall of Mubarak in the 2011 Revolution, Nour stated his intention to run for the vacant presidency.
Nour was stripped of his parliamentary immunity and arrested on January 29, 2005. He was charged with forging PAs (Powers of Attorney) to secure the formation of the el-Ghad party. Nour vehemently denied the charges (from prison).
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Bothaina Kamel
Bothaina Kamel (Arabic: بثينة كامل) (born in Cairo, April 18, 1962) is an Egyptian television anchor, activist, and politician. A long time pro-democracy advocate, her professional career has been marked by repeated conflict with authorities. In June 2011 she announced her candidacy for the Egyptian presidency, although she did not receive enough signatures to make the ballot.
Kamel hosted a popular Egyptian radio program called "Nightime Confessions" from 1992 to 1998. She later worked as a new presenter for Egyptian state television, and hosted a show called "Please Understand Me" on the Saudi Arabian-owned Orbit satellite TV network. In each assignment, she eventually encountered official resistance: "Confessions" was cancelled after outcries by religious conservatives; she took a leave of absence from Egyptian state television rather than participate in propaganda surrounding the 2005 elections; and "Understand Me" was taken off the air by the Saudi producers when they became concerned that its coverage of the 2011 Egyptian revolution would implicate Saudi interests.
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Burhan Ghalioun
Burhan Ghalioun (Arabic: برهان غليون) (born 11 February 1945), is a French Syrian political scientist and a professor of political sociology at the Université de Paris III Sorbonne University in Paris, and the chairman of the Syrian opposition Transitional National Council. He was named chairman on 29 August 2011. He is the author of numerous books, dealing which sociological and political issues of the Islamic world, mostly written in Arabic, several of which have been translated into French.
Several Syrian opposition groups see the Paris-based intellectual Burhan Ghalioun as a consensus figure capable of heading a unified opposition coalition or council. Accordingly, Dr. Ghalioun has been named a member of the Syrian Nation Council (SNC), a political body originally formed in 2005 and revived in 2011 to represent Syria by Syrian opposition during the 2011 Syrian uprising. However, there is no consensus over Ghalioun’s straddling of local and foreign platforms of dissent.
Ghalion published a pamphlet, "A Manifesto for Democracy," in the late 1970s; it argued that state power in the Arab world had become the enemy of society and called for the implementation of democratic reforms. Ghalioun, who is director of the Centre d'Etudes sur l'Orient Contemporain (CEOC) in Paris and a professor of political sociology at the Université de Paris III (Sorbonne Nouvelle), made these statements when then President Hafez Assad was consolidating power and faced opposition at home, and with Syria engaged in a conflict in Lebanon.
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Condoleezza Rice
Condoleezza Rice ( /ˌkɒndəˈliːzə/; born November 14, 1954) is an American political scientist and diplomat. She served as the 66th United States Secretary of State, and was the second person to hold that office in the administration of President George W. Bush. Rice was the first female African-American secretary of state, as well as the second African American (after Colin Powell), and the second woman (after Madeleine Albright). Rice was President Bush's National Security Advisor during his first term, making her the first woman to serve in that position. Before joining the Bush administration, she was a professor of political science at Stanford University where she served as Provost from 1993 to 1999. Rice also served on the National Security Council as the Soviet and East European Affairs Advisor to President George H.W. Bush during the dissolution of the Soviet Union and German reunification.
Following her confirmation as Secretary of State, Rice pioneered the policy of Transformational Diplomacy, with a focus on democracy in the Greater Middle East. Her emphasis on supporting democratically elected governments faced challenges as Hamas captured a popular majority in Palestinian elections, and influential countries including Saudi Arabia and Egypt maintained authoritarian systems with U.S. support. While Secretary of State, she chaired the Millennium Challenge Corporation's board of directors.
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Egyptian Tank Man
During the protests of Egyptian Revolution of 2011, an anonymous young Egyptian man became famous for his act of stopping the advance of an armored police vehicle, that was shooting water on the protestors in Al-Qasr Al-Aini Street in Cairo.
Video and pictures were taken showing him running to stop an armored police vehicle spraying water on the demonstrators, which he succeeded to stop its advance for few moments. The famous video of the situation, was taken by a journalist named Mostafa Fathi of Radio Horreyyetna (Our Freedom), in Egypt. He shot the video from the balcony of his office in the building overlooking Al-Qasr Al-Aini Street. It is worth mentioning that this street leads to the Tahrir Square. The pictures taken of the situation, and spread widely, was taken by a press photographer named Tarek Wajeh of Al Masry Al Youm newspaper, in Egypt. A picture of the Egyptian Tank Man was also featured in France 24's observer network.
The Western media compared him to the Chinese Tank Man during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.
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Egyptians
Egyptians (Egyptian Arabic: مَصريين IPA: [mɑsˤɾejˈjiːn]; Arabic: مِصريّون miṣriyūn) are the inhabitants and citizens of Egypt sharing a common culture and a dialect of Arabic.
Egyptian identity is closely tied to geography. The population of Egypt is concentrated in the lower Nile Valley, the small strip of cultivable land stretching from the First Cataract to the Mediterranean and enclosed by desert both to the east and to the west. This unique geography has been the basis of the development of Egyptian society since antiquity. If regarded as a single ethnic group, the Egyptian people constitute one of the world's largest.
The daily language of the Egyptians is the local variety of Arabic, known as Egyptian Arabic or Masri, Also a sizable minority of Egyptian speak Sa'idi Arabic in Upper Egypt. Egyptians are predominantly adherents of Sunni Islam with a Shia minority and a significant proportion who follow native Sufi orders. A sizable minority of Egyptians belong to the Coptic Orthodox Church, whose liturgical language, Coptic, is the last stage of the indigenous Egyptian language.
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Essam Sharaf
Essam Abdel-Aziz Sharaf (Arabic: عصام عبد العزيز شرف, IPA: [ʕeˈsˤɑːm ʕæbdelʕæˈziːz ʃɑɾˤɑf]; born 1952) is an Egyptian academic who was the Prime Minister of Egypt from 3 March 2011 to 7 December 2011. He served as Minister of Transportation from 2004 to 2005.
Sharaf was born in the Egyptian city of Giza in 1952. After receiving his B.Sc. in civil engineering from Cairo University in 1975, he went to Purdue University where he continued his studies, receiving his M.Sc. Engg in 1980 and his Ph.D. in 1984.
Sharaf took a post as a visiting assistant professor at Purdue in 1984 before becoming assistant professor of Highway and Traffic Engineering at the University of Cairo the following year. In 1990, he was an assistant professor in Civil Engineering at King Saud University in Saudi Arabia. He returned to the University of Cairo in 1991, becoming a professor of Highway Engineering in 1996 while working as senior advisor for the Transportation & Aviation department in Zuhair Fayez Partnership (ZFP) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Sharaf was the senior adviser to the Egyptian Minister of Transport in 1999 and the Senior Technical Adviser to the municipality of Al Ain in the UAE in 2003.
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Gamal Mubarak
Gamal Al Din Mohammed Hosni Ei Sayed Mubarak (Arabic: جمال الدين محمد حسنى سيد مبارك, IPA: [ɡæˈmæːl edˈdiːn mæˈħæmmæd ˈħosni ˈsæjjed moˈbɑːɾˤɑk]), (born on December 27, 1963), is the younger of the two sons of ousted Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and former First Lady Suzanne Mubarak. In contrast to his older brother Alaa, Gamal had pursued an active public profile and was starting to wield some influence on political life in the country before the revolution of early 2011.
Prior to the revolution, Gamal was the deputy secretary-general of the then-ruling and now-dissolved National Democratic Party, and head of its influential policies committee.
For his early education, he attended St. George's College, Cairo before entering the American University in Cairo. He graduated with a Business Degree from the university and he claims he also earned an MBA from the school.[citation needed] He began his professional life working for Bank of America. He worked primarily in the field of investment banking.
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Hamdeen Sabahi
Hamdeen Sabahi (Arabic: حمدين صباحي, IPA: [ħæmˈdeːn sˤɑbˈbɑːħi]) (born 5 July 1954) the leader of the Dignity Party and a former member of parliament. An opposition leader during the Anwar Sadat and Hosni Mubarak eras, Sabahi was jailed 17 times during their presidencies for political dissidence. He was an immediate supporter and participant of the 2011 Egyptian revolution. Sabahi entered the 2012 Egyptian presidential race in which he finished third place with 21.5% of the vote trailing the second place winner Ahmed Shafiq by a margin of 700,000 votes.
A well known opposition figure, Sabahi ascribes to Nasserism and in 1996 he founded the Nasserist Karama (Dignity) Party. Sabahi ran as an independent and not as the Dignity Party's candidate. One of the few secular figures without any ties to the regime of Hosni Mubarak, Sabahi has attracted the support of several leading Nasserists. Sabahi is running under the slogan "one of us" which highlights his strong ties with the working class and advocates his socialist aspirations. Sabahi also gained the support of prominent Egyptian figures including writer and political activist Alaa Al Aswany and director and film-writer Khaled Youssef.
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Hasan Mushaima
Hasan Mushaima (Arabic: حسن مشيمع) is an opposition leader in Bahrain and the secretary-general of the Haq Movement, an important opposition party in Bahrain. He is campaigning for more democratic rights in Bahrain. Before forming Haq, he was a founding member of Al Wefaq and a leading figure in the 1994 uprising in Bahrain.
The Bahraini government has placed Mushaima under arrest several times, twice arresting him during the 1994 uprising. He was later jailed from March 1995 to September 1995 and again from January 1996 till February 2001. Mushaima was re-arrested in February 2007 and jailed for one day, and then was arrested and imprisoned again from January 2009 to April 2009.
In 2010 Mushaima traveled to Great Britain to be treated for lung cancer.
Mushaima announced plans to return to Bahrain during the protests in February 2011, but authorities detained him in Lebanon while en route, possibly at the request of the Bahraini government. Mushaima finally did return to Bahrain on Saturday, February 26, 2011. On that day, he was described by the Associated Press as being "welcomed like a rock star," by protestors in Pearl Square. On 7th March, 2011, Mushaima alongside with Abdulwahab Hussain, the leader of Wafa movement and Saeed Alshehabi the leader of the Bahrain Freedom Movement, formed the " Alliance for the Republic " (Arabic:التحالف من أجل الجمهورية), because of their belief that the Bahraini regime lost legitimacy after the harsh crackdown on protesters using heavy weapons. One months after protests, the Gulf Cooperation Council sent 1,500+ PSF troops (1,000 Saudi, some Qatari troops and 500 Emirati policemen) to crush the popular uprising there and also sent the Kuwaiti Navy to stop any aid to the protesters by sea. After the protesters were kicked from the Pearl Roundabout, many known rights activists operating in Bahrain were arrested, including Mushaima.
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Hisham Bastawisy
Hisham Mohammed Osman Bastawisy is an Egyptian judge and the vice president of the Egyptian Court of Cassation. He was one of the leaders of the Egyptian opposition before and during the 2011 Egyptian revolution. He is running for the Egyptian presidential election, 2012 as a Tagammu nominee.
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Hosni Mubarak
Muhammad Hosni El Sayed Mubarak (Arabic: محمد حسني السيد مبارك, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [mæˈħæmːæd ˈħosni ˈsæjjed moˈbɑːɾˤɑk], Muḥammad Ḥusnī Sayyid Mubārak; born 4 May 1928) is a former Egyptian politician and military commander. He served as the fourth President of Egypt from 1981 to 2011.
Mubarak was appointed Vice President of Egypt in 1975, and assumed the presidency on 14 October 1981, following the assassination of President Anwar El Sadat. His almost thirty-year presidency made him Egypt's longest-serving ruler since Muhammad Ali Pasha. Before he entered politics, Mubarak was a career officer in the Egyptian Air Force, serving as its commander from 1972 to 1975 and rising to the rank of air chief marshal.
Mubarak was ousted after 18 days of demonstrations during the 2011 Egyptian revolution when, on 11 February, Vice President Omar Suleiman announced that Mubarak had resigned as president and transferred authority to the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces. On 13 April, a prosecutor[which?] ordered Mubarak and both his sons to be detained for 15 days of questioning about allegations of corruption and abuse of power. He was then ordered to stand trial on charges of premeditated murder of peaceful protestors during the revolution. These trials officially began on 3 August 2011. Egypt’s military prosecutors then also proclaimed that they are investigating Mubarak's role in the assassination of his predecessor Anwar Sadat.
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Hussein Salem
Hussein Salem (Arabic: حسين سالم), is an Egyptian-Spanish businessman, co-owner of the East Mediterranean Gas Company (EMG), and ally and advisor to former president Hosni Mubarak. He is also the chairman and CEO of HKS Group, a hospitality company that operates Maritim Jolie Ville Resort in Sharm El Sheikh. He has been described as "one of the most secretive businessmen in Egypt", a mogul, and Mubarak's close confidant.
Salem fled Egypt during the Egyptian revolution of 2011 on February 3. A warrant for his arrest was issued by the International Criminal Police (Interpol) in May, 2011. He was later arrested at his home in La Moraleja, Madrid, Spain on June 14. Salem is currently under investigation for corruption, on charges he bribed Mubarak and his family to gain a monopoly on the sale of gas to Israel, and for squandering public funds by selling Egyptian natural gas to Israel at below market prices. Salem's trial in Egypt began on August 3, 2011.
Salem was born on November 11, 1933 in the Khalifa neighborhood of Cairo's Muqattam district. Records of the Egyptian Administrative Control Authority indicate, however, that he was born in the Helwan suburb of Cairo, although al-Ahram Weekly states the latter location was actually Salem's father's birthplace. His father, Kamal el-Din, worked as a school teacher, but died of typhoid during Salem's childhood. Afterward, his family moved to an apartment in the Korba area of Cairo's Heliopolis district.
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Israa Abdel Fattah
Esraa Abdel Fatah (Arabic: إسراء عبد الفتاح, IPA: [ʔesˈɾˤɑːʔ ʕæbdelfætˈtæːħ, ˈʔesɾˤɑ-]; also called Facebook Girl; born 1978) is an Egyptian internet activist and blogger.
Esraa worked as a human resources administrator, when she co-founded April 6 Youth Movement Egypt in 2008, a Facebook group that was made to support the workers in El-Mahalla El-Kubra, an industrial town, who were planning to strike on April 6. This group gradually became a popular political movement.
She was arrested by Egyptian security in 2008. The detained Facebook Girl drew the attention of few Egyptian newspapers challenging by this the state's censorship policy, turning her into an overnight symbol for resistance and resilience against corruption and injustice.
After two weeks in prison she was released. She made a brief public statement renouncing political activism for good.
Esraa Abdel Fattah reappeared again during the January 2011 nationwide protests in Egypt, that called for the end of Hosni Mubarak's regime. She was active on the internet, and also on the ground, updating Al Jazeera TV with the latest news related to the opposition.
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Kamal Abbas
Kamal Abbas (Arabic: كمال عباس) is General Coordinator of the Center for Trade Unions and Workers Services (CTUWS), an activist group for independent unions in Egypt. Involved in activism for over 20 years, Abbas has been active in mobilizing worker support during the Egyptian revolution of 2011 and its aftermath. His approach emphasizes peaceful strikes and rallies accompanied by demands for better wages and working conditions, as well as more regular elections for union officials, and an independent union system.
He began his work by organizing a strike at a steel plant in Helwan, Egypt in 1989, for which he was arrested, tortured, and fired. That incident led to his starting the CTUWS and advocating for workers' rights throughout Egypt. Abbas' relationship with Mubarak's regime was tense and marked by conflicts with the government and multiple arrests. The Los Angeles Times called Abbas "a major annoyance to the troubled regime of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak," and "passionate, methodical and accustomed to police surveillance."
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Kamal Ganzouri
Kamal Ganzouri (Arabic: كمال الجنزورى, IPA: [kæˈmæːl elɡænˈzuːɾi]) (born 12 January 1933) is an Egyptian economist who has been Prime Minister of Egypt since 7 December 2011. He previously served as Prime Minister from 1996 to 1999. He came to power in 1996 succeeding Atef Sedki, and was in turn succeeded by Atef Ebeid in 1999. He was branded Minister of the Poor and the Opposition Minister because of his way of dealing with limited income people and the opposition. Before becoming Prime Minister, Ganzouri served as Minister of Planning and International Cooperation. On 24 November 2011, Egypt's military rulers appointed him as Prime Minister. He was sworn in and took office on 7 December 2011.
Kamal Ganzouri was born on 12 January 1933 in Garwan, a town in Bagor city in Monofia. He obtained a PhD at University of Michigan, United States and began teaching at Egyptian universities and training institutes in 1959.
He had served as a board member of the Sadat Academy for Administrative Sciences from 1962 to 1967 and became economic adviser to the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa in 1968. He was an adviser to the President Anwar Sadat. He was also a member of the National Specialized Councils of production, education and services. In 1974, he became undersecretary Of Planning Minister and kept this until 1975. He was appointed as Governor of the New Valley State in 1976 and then became Governor of the Bani Suef State in 1977 but resigned after just six months.
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Kamal Khalil
Kamal Khalil (Arabic: كمال خليل, IPA: [kæˈmæːl xæˈliːl]) is an Egyptian engineer and labour activist. He is a leading member of the Revolutionary Socialists, a representative of the Workers Democratic Party and the founder and director of the Center for Socialist Studies in Cairo. He is a critic of the social democrats, youth parties and the Muslim Brotherhood in the post-Mubarak Egypt. He advocates more workers' unity, particularly in regions such as El-Mahalla El-Kubra, which has in the past been a center of industrial struggle by textile workers. Khalil has said Egypt's workers must create independent trade unions and a political party to represent them: "No party will represent the workers other than the workers' party itself." Prior to the Egyptian Revolution in 2011, Khalil had been arrested many times. In 2003 he was arrested by the State Security Investigations Service (SSI) and placed in solitary confinement for his role in the anti-war movement, causing the Stop the War Coalition in Britain to demonstrate outside the Egyptian Embassy in London.
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Khaled Ali
Khaled Ali (also spelled Khaled Aly; Arabic: خالد على, IPA: [ˈxæːled ˈʕæli]) (born February 26, 1972) is a prominent Egyptian lawyer and activist. He is known for his advocacy for reform of government and private sector corruption and for promoting social justice and labor rights. Ali is the former head of the Egyptian Center for Economic and Social Rights (ECESR) and co-founder of the Front for Defending Egypt's Protesters and the Hisham Mubarak Law Center (HMLC). He has been called a "legendary anti-corruption crusader" and "Egypt’s best-known counselor and defender of independent unions and worker protests." He won the “Egyptian Corruption Fighter” award in 2011.
He has been involved in several prominent court cases against the government, including a 2001 ruling that gave syndicates more freedoms, a 2010 case he won that mandated a higher minimum wage for workers, and a case leading to the nationalization of three large companies that had been privatized.
Ali was an activist before, during, and after the 2011 Egyptian Revolution. He has been involved in worker strikes before and since the downfall of Mubarak's regime, and been an active supporter of the role of workers in the revolution and the labor mobilization that took place during it. He has denounced violent acts by the police and military, and has represented revolutionaries and the families of those killed in court. In February 2011, Ali was detained in a raid by Egyptian security forces on the HMLC. He is against the rule of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces and supports postponing the drafting of a new constitution until after the 2012 election.
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Libyan civil war
The Libyan civil war (also referred to as the Libyan revolution), was an armed conflict in the North African state of Libya, fought between forces loyal to Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and those seeking to oust his government. The war was preceded by protests in Benghazi beginning on Tuesday, 15 February 2011, which led to clashes with security forces that fired on the crowd. The protests escalated into a rebellion that spread across the country, with the forces opposing Gaddafi establishing an interim governing body, the National Transitional Council.
The United Nations Security Council passed an initial resolution on 26 February, freezing the assets of Gaddafi and his inner circle and restricting their travel, and referred the matter to the International Criminal Court for investigation. In early March, Gaddafi's forces rallied, pushed eastwards and re-took several coastal cities before attacking Benghazi. A further U.N. resolution authorised member states to establish and enforce a no-fly zone over Libya, and to use "all necessary measures" to prevent attacks on civilians. The Gaddafi government then announced a ceasefire, but failed to uphold it, though it then accused rebels of violating the ceasefire when they continued to fight as well. Throughout the conflict, rebels rejected government offers of a ceasefire and efforts by the African Union to end the fighting because the plans set forth did not include the removal of Gaddafi.
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Mahmoud Jibril
Mahmoud Jibril el-Warfally (Arabic: محمود جبريل الورفلي), also transcribed Jabril or Jebril or Gebril, (born 28 May 1952) is a Libyan politician who served as the interim Prime Minister of Libya for seven and a half months during the Libyan civil war, chairing the executive board of the National Transitional Council from 5 March to 23 October 2011. He also served as the Head of International Affairs.
Toward the end of the conflict, Jibril was increasingly referred to by foreign governments and in media as the interim prime minister of Libya rather than as the chairman of the executive board, the title used to describe him on the NTC's website, but it was unclear whether this was an official title or simply referred to his position as the provisional council's head of government. Jibril's government was recognized as the "sole legitimate representative" of Libya by the majority of UN states including France, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, Iran and Qatar.
Jibril graduated in Economics and Political Science from Cairo University in 1975, then earned a master's degree in political science in 1980 and a doctorate in political science in 1985, both from the University of Pittsburgh. He taught strategic planning at Pittsburgh for several years.
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Maikel Nabil Sanad
Maikel Nabil Sanad (also transcribed as Michael Egyptian Arabic: مايكل نبيل سند, IPA: [ˈmɑjkel næˈbiːl ˈsænæd]; born in 1985 in Asyut), a political activist and blogger. In April 2009 he founded the No to Compulsory Military Service movement. He declared his conscientious objection, demanding to be exempted from military service. Instead, he was arrested on 12 November 2010 by military police but was released two days later, and finally exempted from service on medical grounds. Sanad participated actively in the Egyptian revolution, highlighting the fact that Egypt has effectively been ruled by the military for six decades. He was arrested on 4 February by military police and claims to be tortured, but released 27 hours later. He was arrested in his home in the Ain Shams neighbourhood in Cairo at about 10 PM on 28 March 2011 by military police. He was only able to call his brother the next day to inform him of his arrest. Sanad was sentenced to three years' imprisonment on charges of "insulting the military" in his post "The Army and The People Were Never One Hand" on maikelnabil.com by the 10th of Ramadan military court in Nasr City near Cairo on 10 April. He also claims that' before this, he was imprisoned in a special punishment cell at El Marg prison, which did not allow him any sunlight, in addition, his cell mates threatened him. Sanad demanded a doctor, as he suffers from unstable blood pressure and needs regular medication and medical attention. Maikel Nabil has been on hunger strike since August 23, 2011.
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Mohab Mamish
Vice Admiral Mohab Mamish (Arabic: مهاب مميش) (born 1948) is the Commander in Chief of the Egyptian Navy.
Mohab Mamish was born on August 6th, 1948. He graduated from the Egyptian Naval Academy in 1971. He received a fellowship from the Nasser Military Academy. He has received additional military training in the United Kingdom (1980), the United States of America (1983, 1992, 1995, 1998, 2004), the United Arab Emirates (1987-1989), China (1992), Greece (1999), and France (2002).
He has received many medals, including the medal of long and Meritorious Service, of Longevity, of Duty, of the 6th of October, of the Egyptian Navy, of the 20th Anniversary of the July Revolution, of the 25th of April, of October Warriors, of Superior Service, 23rd of July 50th Anniversary, and the Silver Jubilee of Saini Liberation.
He is married, with two daughters.
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Mohamed Bouazizi
Mohamed Bouazizi (29 March 1984 – 4 January 2011; Arabic: محمد البوعزيزي) was a Tunisian street vendor who set himself on fire on 17 December 2010, in protest of the confiscation of his wares and the harassment and humiliation that he reported was inflicted on him by a municipal official and her aides. His act became a catalyst for the Tunisian Revolution and the wider Arab Spring, inciting demonstrations and riots throughout Tunisia in protest of social and political issues in the country. The public's anger and violence intensified following Bouazizi's death, leading then-President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali to step down on 14 January 2011, after 23 years in power.
The success of the Tunisian protests inspired protests in several other Arab countries, plus several non-Arab countries. The protests included several men who emulated Bouazizi's act of self-immolation, in an attempt to bring an end to their own autocratic governments. Those men and Bouazizi were hailed by some Arab commentators as "heroic martyrs of a new Middle Eastern revolution."
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Mohamed ElBaradei
Mohamed Mustafa ElBaradei (Arabic: محمد مصطفى البرادعى, Muḥammad Muṣṭafā al-Barādʿī, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [mæˈħæmmæd mosˈtˤɑfɑ (ʔe)lbæˈɾædʕi]; born June 17, 1942) is an Egyptian law scholar and diplomat. He was the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), an intergovernmental organization under the auspices of the United Nations, from December 1997 to November 2009. ElBaradei and the IAEA were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005. ElBaradei was also an important figure in the 2011 Egyptian revolution which ousted the Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak.
ElBaradei was born and raised in Cairo, Egypt. He was one of five children of Mostafa ElBaradei, an attorney who headed the Egyptian Bar Association and often found himself at odds with the regime of President Gamal Abdel Nasser. ElBaradei's father was also a supporter of democratic rights in Egypt, supporting a free press and an independent judiciary.
ElBaradei is married to Aida El-Kachef, an early-childhood teacher. They have two children: a daughter, Laila, who is a lawyer living in London; and a son, Mostafa, who is an IT manager living in Cairo. They also have one granddaughter, Maya.
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Mohamed Kamel Amr
Mohamed Kamel Amr (Arabic: محمد کامل عمرو, b. Dec. 1, 1942) is an Egyptian diplomat who is the current Foreign Minister of Egypt in Essam Sharaf's government since 18 July 2011.
The appointment of Amr, who has worked for the World Bank since leaving the Foreign Ministry, was part of a cabinet reshuffle demanded by protesters camped out in central Cairo.
August 1982- September 1987:
· Counselor, Egyptian Mission to the United Nations, New York.
· Representative of the Egypt on the United Nations Security Council (1983-1984).
September 1987- January 1989:
· Counselor , Responsible for Multilateral Diplomacy and Organizations, Cabinet of Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Cairo , Egypt.
January 1989- December 1993:
· Minister Plenipotentiary , Embassy of Egypt in Washington DC.
January 1993- September 1995:
· Deputy Assistant Foreign Minister For African Organizations.
September 1995 – December 1997:
· Ambassador of Egypt to the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
· Representative of Egypt to the Organization of Islamic Conference.
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Mohamed Morsi
Dr. Mohamed Morsi (Arabic: محمد مرسى عيسى العياط, IPA: [mæˈħæmmæd ˈmoɾsi ˈʕiːsæ l.ʕɑjˈjɑːtˤ]) is an Egyptian politician who has been Chairman of the Freedom and Justice Party (FJP), a political party that was founded by the Muslim Brotherhood after the 2011 Egyptian revolution, since April 30, 2011. He is standing as the FJP's candidate for the May–June 2012 presidential election. From 2000 to 2005, he was a Member of Parliament.
Morsi received a Bachelor's and Master's Degree in Engineering from Cairo University in 1975 and 1978. He received his Ph.D. in Engineering from the University of Southern California in 1982. He was an Assistant Professor at California State University, Northridge from 1982 to 1985. In 1985 he went back to Egypt to teach at Zagazig University. His children were born in California and are U.S. citizens.
Morsi served as a Member of Parliament from 2000 to 2005; he was elected as an independent candidate because the Brotherhood was technically barred from running candidates for office under President Hosni Mubarak. He was a member of the Guidance Office of the Muslim Brotherhood until the foundation of the Freedom and Justice Party in 2011, at which point he was elected by the MB's Guidance Office to be the first president of the new party.
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Mohammed Nabbous
Mohamed "Mo" Nabbous (محمد نبوس ; 27 February 1983 – 19 March 2011) was a Libyan information technologist, blogger, businessperson and civilian journalist who created and founded Libya Al Hurra TV.
In the wake of the 2011 Libyan civil war, Nabbous founded Libya Alhurra TV, the first independent broadcast news organization since Gaddafi took power in Libya. Libya AlHurra TV was established in Benghazi, Libya on 19 February 2011 and started broadcasting online when Nabbous established a two-way satellite connection in the wake of a complete Internet blackout imposed by the Gaddafi regime subsequent to the 17 February protests.
Nabbous was shot by a Pro-Gaddafi sniper and killed on 19 March 2011 while reporting on attempts by government forces to fight revolutionaries and attack civilians in Benghazi. In the hours following the death of Nabbous, UN Coalition planes entered Libyan airspace to enforce a No-Fly Zone approved by the UN Security Council along with a Resolution authorizing "all necessary measures" to protect civilians against Gaddafi forces. In the last weeks of his life, Nabbous focused on bringing international attention to the humanitarian crisis unfolding in Libya. His death was widely reported by CNN and various media outlets. Prior to the establishment of Libya Al Hurra TV, Nabbous operated a number of businesses in Benghazi City.
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Mona Seif
Mona Seif (Arabic: منى سيف, IPA: [ˈmonæ ˈseːf]) is a female Egyptian activist, known for her use of social media, her role in the 2011 Egyptian revolution, and her continued push against military trials for civilian protesters.
Seif grew up in a family of activists, and activism was a constant topic of discussion in Mona's childhood. Her father, Ahmad Seif, is a human rights attorney who was imprisoned five years. During his detention, he was tortured. Her mother, Laila Soueif, is also an activist and a mathematics professor. She helped organize demonstrations against the Mubarak regime over the decades before his downfall. Her mother is "known on the streets as brash and courageous, and has on numerous occasions faced down baton-wielding policemen with nothing but her scolding, scathing, booming voice and steely eyes". Mona's brother Alaa co-created the Egyptian blog aggregator Manalaa and in 2005 began to document abuses by the Mubarak regime. Alaa was arrested at a demonstration in 2006 and imprisoned for 45 days, during which Mona and jis wife Manal helped organize an online campaign to free him. Mona's younger sister, Sanaa, is also involved in organizing protests.
wn.com/Mona_Seif -
Muammar Gaddafi
Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi (Arabic: معمر محمد أبو منيار القذافي) (June 1942 – 20 October 2011), commonly known as Muammar Gaddafi /ˈmoʊ.əmɑr ɡəˈdɑːfi/ (Arabic: مُعَمَّر القَذَّافِي Muʿammar al-Qaḏḏāfī audio (help·info)) or Colonel Gaddafi, was the official ruler of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then the "Brother Leader" of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011. Gaddafi seized power in a bloodless military coup in 1969 and served as the country's head of state until 1977, when he stepped down from his official executive role as Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council of Libya, and claimed subsequently to be merely a symbolic figurehead. He styled himself as "Leader of the Revolution"; in 2008 a meeting of traditional African rulers bestowed on him the title "King of Kings". A leading advocate for a United States of Africa, he served as Chairperson of the African Union (AU) from 2 February 2009 to 31 January 2010.
Gaddafi replaced the Libyan Constitution of 1951 with laws based on the political ideology he had formulated, which he called the Third International Theory and published in The Green Book. After establishing the Jamahiriya (جماهيرية, "state of the masses") system in 1977, he officially stepped down from power and after that time held a largely symbolic role within the country's official governance structure. Rising oil prices and extraction in Libya led to increasing revenues. By exporting as much oil per capita as Saudi Arabia and through various welfare programs, Libya achieved the highest living standards in Africa; Libya remained debt-free.
wn.com/Muammar_Gaddafi -
Mustafa Abdul Jalil
Mustafa Abdul Jalil or Abdul-Jalil (Arabic: مصطفى عبد الجليل, also transcribed Abdul-Jelil, Abd-al-Jalil,Abdel-Jalil, Abdeljalil or Abdu Al Jeleil) (born 1952) is the Chairman of the National Transitional Council of Libya, and as such serves as head of state in Libya's caretaker government which was formed as a result of the 2011 Libyan civil war. He is also a spokesman for the city of Bayda.
From 2007 to 2011, Abdul Jalil was Minister of Justice (officially, the Secretary of the General People's Committee of Justice) under Colonel Muammar Gaddafi. He has been noted in some news media for his stance against various human rights violations in Libya, although others express a different view and accuse him, for example, of intransigence during the appeal by the Bulgarian nurses (that sentence was later converted to life imprisonment and the nurses were eventually released). During the civil war, Abdul Jalil was identified as the Chairman of the National Transitional Council based in Benghazi, although this position was contested by others in the uprising due to his past direct participation in Gaddafi's government as Minister of Justice for four years until 2011.}
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Nawara Negm
Nawara Negm (نوارة نجم, IPA: [nɑwˈwɑːɾˤɑ ˈneɡm]) (born in Cairo in 1973) is an Egyptian journalist, blogger and human rights activist based in Cairo, Egypt. Daughter of the leftist poet Ahmed Fouad Negm and Islamist thinker and journalist Safinaz Kazem, she obtained her BA in English Language from the Faculty of Arts, Ain Shams University and has since worked for the Egyptian Nile Television Network (NTN) as a translator and news editor.
In 2009 she published her first book, Esh A'rrih ('A Nest on the Wind'; Egyptian Arabic: عش عالريح, IPA: [ʕeʃ.ʃe ʕæɾˈɾiːħ, ʕælˈ-]), a collection of articles, and in the same year she co-authored a book written exclusively by women writers under the title of Ana Ontha (I'm Female; Arabic: أنا أنثى).
Since her first year in university, from 1992 to 1993, Negm apprenticed as a journalist for Al-Sahabab, a monthly magazine issued by Al-Ahram Publishing House, then she moved to the English-language Al-Ahram Weekly, issued also by Al-Ahram. She worked as an apprentice for Nesf Al-Donia, a weekly women's magazine also printed by Al-Ahram. Sanaa Al-Bissy, the then editor-in-chief of the magazine decided to hire her but Ibrahim Nafie, ex-CEO of Al-Ahram, refused, saying that "she will be tenured when she ceases to be the daughter of Safinaz Kazem and Ahmed Fouad Negm".
wn.com/Nawara_Negm -
Omar Suleiman
Omar Suleiman (Arabic: عمر سليمان, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [ˈʕomɑɾˤ seleˈmæːn]; born 2 July 1936) is a former Egyptian army general, politician, diplomat, and intelligence officer. A leading figure in Egypt's intelligence system beginning in 1986, Suleiman was appointed to the long-vacant Vice Presidency by then-President Hosni Mubarak on 29 January 2011. On 11 February 2011, Suleiman announced Mubarak's resignation and ceased being Vice President; governing power was transferred to the Armed Forces Supreme Council, of which Suleiman is not a member. A new head of intelligence services was appointed by the ruling Supreme Council. Suleiman withdrew from the political scene and did not appear in public after announcing Mubarak's resignation.
Millions of Egyptian citizens involved in the Egyptian Revolution of 2011 opposed Suleiman or Mubarak remaining in power without elections taking place. Human rights groups tied Suleiman’s career to a regime marked by widespread human rights abuses, and asserted that many Egyptians "see Suleiman as Mubarak II." Torture victims and human rights groups charged that Suleiman oversaw the systematic use of torture on detainees and that in at least one instance he personally tortured a detainee during his career in intelligence. In response to the 2011 protests, Suleiman blamed foreign influence and appealed to protestors to go home.
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Saad Eddin Ibrahim
Saad Eddin Ibrahim (Arabic: سعد الدين إبراهيم, IPA: [ˈsæʕd edˈdiːn ebɾˤɑˈhiːm]) (born 3 December, 1938 in Bedeen, Mansoura, Egypt) is an Egyptian American sociologist and author. He is one of Egypt's leading human rights and democracy activists, and a strong critic of former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak.
Ibrahim is credited for playing a leading role in the revival of Egypt's contemporary research-based civil society movement. For most of his professional career Saad Eddin Ibrahim was a professor of sociology at the American University in Cairo. He is the founder of both the Ibn Khaldun Center for Development Studies in Cairo and the Arab Organization for Human Rights. He is married to Barbara Lethem Ibrahim, director of the Gerhart Center for Civic Engagement and Philanthropy in Cairo. He is on the Board of Advisors to the Project on Middle East Democracy. The Ibrahims have two children, Randa and Amir Ibrahim. Randa has two kids Lara and Seif, and Amir has Adam and Gebriel.
Well before his confrontations with the Egyptian government in the early 2000s, Ibrahim had become a controversial figure in Egypt. He reversed his earlier criticism of Anwar Sadat for his peace initiative with Israel. He gained the respect of Egypt's human rights and civil society community for championing different causes, including Copts, Bahá'ís. and other minorities at a time of rising sectarian tensions.
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Sameh Naguib
Sameh Naguib (Arabic: سامح نجيب, IPA: [ˈsæːmeħ næˈɡiːb]) is an Egyptian sociologist at the American University in Cairo, a socialist activist and a leading member of the Trotskyist organization the Revolutionary Socialists. In 2006 he described Hezbollah's defeat of the Israeli Defense Force in the Lebanon War as "a very important victory for the anti-war movement worldwide", claiming it prevented or delayed US and Israeli plans to attack Iran and Syria. Naguib has also criticized others on the far-left of not differentiating between Islamic organizations such as al-Qaeda - whom he labels a network of "individual terrorists", Hamas and Hezbollah - "national liberation movements", and the Muslim Brotherhood - "reformist mass movements". In 2007, Naguib was a speaker at the fifth Cairo Anti-war Conference, which he used as a platform to condemn former President Hosni Mubarak and pointed to Egypt's striking workers as a way forward for the movement:
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Sami Hafez Anan
General Sami Hafez Anan or Enan (Arabic: سامى حافظ عنان, IPA: [ˈsæːmi ˈħɑːfezˤ ʕæˈnæːn, -ʕeˈnæːn]; born 1948) is the Chief of Staff of the Egyptian Armed Forces. From 1990 to 1992 he was the Egyptian Defence Attaché to Morocco. More recently he served as the Commander of the Egyptian Air Defence Forces from 2001 to 2005. He serves as Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces.
When the 2011 Egyptian Revolution began in January 2011, Anan was in Washington "for a week of meetings with senior American officers". Cutting his visit short, he returned to Egypt on 28 January. As the commander of an army of 468,000 troops, he was considered likely to play a crucial role in the political uncertainty surrounding the protests. On 1 February 2011, the UK's Channel 4 News reported that the United States was pressing for Anan to play a role in coordinating interim arrangements for government in Egypt after Hosni Mubarak.
As the protests built momentum into their second week, there was considerable speculation whether Enan, on one hand, was "'too close to Mubarak to stay,' [per ...] Gawdat Bahgat, a professor at National Defense University in Washington who has worked extensively with Egyptian officers attending the school," or, on the other, "a trusted partner. Retired Army Lt. Gen. R. Steven Whitcomb, who oversaw joint exercises with the Egyptian military while stationed in the Middle East, invited Enan and his wife to his home at Fort McPherson in Atlanta for a private dinner in 2007. According to Whitcomb, Enan complained about the effect that budget cuts were having on the military as the Mubarak administration dealt with political and economic problems."
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Samir Rifai
Samir Zaid al-Rifai (Arabic: سمير زيد الرفاعي) (born July 1, 1966) is a Jordanian politician of Palestinian descent, who was Prime Minister of Jordan from 14 December 2009 to 1 February 2011. He was replaced by Marouf al-Bakhit by the king Abdullah II, following weeks of protests in the country. He is the son of former Prime Minister Zaid al-Rifai and grandson of Samir al-Rifai.
Rifai was born in to a prominent Palestinian family hailing from Safed in Northern Palestine. He took admission in Harvard University in 1984 and received his bachelor's degree in Middle East Studies in 1988, Samir Rifai began his career working in the Royal Court in 1988, He obtained his master's degree in International Relations from Cambridge University in 1989. In 1999 he was appointed Secretary General of the Royal Hashemite Court where he oversaw the implementation of an integrated program for restructuring the administrative and financial affairs office, also took over the Information Office and the Public Relations Department of King Abdullah II. In 2003, he was appointed Minister of the Hashemite Royal Court to represent the fundamental link between the King and the Government. In April 2005, Rifai was appointed adviser to the King, and continued in that position until the end of 2005.
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UAE Five
The UAE Five are five United Arab Emirati activists who were imprisoned from April to November 2011 on charges of insulting President Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Vice President Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan of the United Arab Emirates. The five arrested activists were Nasser bin Ghaith, an Emirati economist and lecturer at the Abu Dhabi branch of the Paris-Sorbonne University; Ahmed Mansoor, who signed a pro-democracy petition; and online activists Fahad Salim Dalk, Hassan Ali al-Khamis and Ahmed Abdul Khaleq.
Inspired by the growing momentum of the pro-democracy Arab Spring, Emirati activists began to be more vocal in their opposition to the UAE government in early 2011. Bin Ghaith, an "outspoken economics professor", was arrested on 11 April for his call for "democratic and economic reforms". Mansoor, an engineer, blogger, and member of Human Rights Watch, was arrested the same day for signing a petition in favor of an elected parliament, and Dalk, al-Khamis, and Khaleq were detained for their online activities before the end of the month. Following their arrests, UAE government-controlled media reported that the five were "religious extremists" and Iranian foreign agents.
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Wael Abbas
Wael Abbas (Arabic: وائل عباس, IPA: [ˈwæːʔel ʕæbˈbæːs]) (born on November 14, 1974 in Egypt) is an internationally renowned Egyptian journalist, blogger, and human rights activist, who blogs at Misr Digital (Egyptian Awareness). He reported an incident of mob harassment of women, and broadcast several videos of police brutality. His actions led to the conviction of police for torture, but he has been harassed by the Egyptian government, and his accounts with YouTube and Yahoo were closed. YouTube has since restored his account and most of his videos. Facebook had deleted Wael's account but it has since been restored.
In September 2007, his YouTube account was shut down. All the videos he had sent to YouTube were no longer available. They included videos of police brutality, voting irregularities and anti-government protests. About 12 or 13 were of violence in police stations. He was shocked by YouTube's decision.
Yahoo had shut down two of his email accounts, accusing him of being a spammer.
wn.com/Wael_Abbas -
Wael Ghonim
Wael Ghonim (Arabic: وائل غنيم, IPA: [ˈwæːʔel ɣoˈneːm]; other transliterations include: Ghoneim, Ghonaim) (born 23 December 1980 in Cairo, Egypt) is an Internet activist and computer engineer with an interest in social entrepreneurship.
In 2011, he became an international figure and energized pro-democracy demonstrations in Egypt after his emotional interview following 11 days of secret incarceration by Egyptian police—during which he was interrogated regarding his work as the administrator of the Facebook page, "We are all Khaled Saeed", which helped spark the revolution. The TIME magazine added him in its "Time 100" list of 100 most influential people of 2011.
Wael Ghonim was born to a middle-class family on 23 December 1980 in Cairo, Egypt and grew up in Abha, Saudi Arabia until he was 13 years old, then he moved back to live in Cairo. In January 2010, Wael was promoted to Head of Marketing at Google in the Middle East & North Africa and moved to Dubai, the United Arab Emirates.
He earned a BS in computer engineering from Cairo University in 2004 and an MBA, with honors, in marketing and finance from the American University in Cairo in 2007.[citation needed]
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Wael Khalil
Wael Khalil (Arabic: وائل خليل) is an Egyptian political activist known for his criticism of the Mubarak regime, his activity during the 2011 Egyptian revolution, and his blog WaELK.net which covers government, activism and sports.
Khalil is a software engineer by trade. On the 5 September 1996 Wael married Dr. Lamia Bulbul. On the second November 1998, they had their first son Ahmed Wael (Doda). Wael has one sister Azza khalil.
Wael Khalil joined the Revolutionary Socialists in 1992 but left them in 2011 after Hosni Mubarak resignation by few weeks. Khalil began his activism in 2000 as part of the Egyptian anti-war and anti-globalisation movement. He believes that political reform is rooted in the anti-war and Palestine solidarity movements. He also believes that dictatorship leads to imperialism.
He was a protester from the Egyptian opposition movement Kefaya. He also co-founded the 20 March Popular Campaign for Change.
In 2006 he criticized Egyptian police after at Sudanese refugees were killed at a squatter camp in Cairo. He said, "When you kill little babies, things have changed...We will try you, and you won't be able to travel abroad again."
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Wikipedia Persondata
wn.com/Wikipedia_Persondata -
Zakaria Azmi
Zakaria Azmi is the former chief of presidential staff in Egypt.
Zakaria Azmi was the National Democratic Party's (NDP) deputy for el-Zeitoun district in eastern Cairo and chief of the presidential staff. He had joined the NDP following its establishment in 1978, was elected to the People's Assembly in 1987 and appointed chief of the presidential staff in 1989. Azmi was one of the army officers who supported late Egyptian president Anwar el-Sadat in his conflict with Nasserist rivals in 1971. This earned him the post of manager of the office of the presidential chief of staff in 1975.
He became more involved in politics when he was elected in 1979 as deputy chairman of the Cairo Municipal Council. His overtly critical approach in People's Assembly debates led many observers to dub him "the representative of the NDP opposition wing in parliament". Azmi spoke against the terms of US economic grants to Egypt, corruption in city councils and pollution in Cairo. For example, in May 1997, Azmi was involved in a confrontation with Mohamed Abul-Enein, a businessman appointed by President Mubarak to parliament. The showdown was described by newspapers as "a confrontation between money and power". Newspapers also said that Azmi had "become a parliamentary phenomenon". Azmi was promoted to the NDP's secretariat-general in 1993.
wn.com/Zakaria_Azmi
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Ayman Nour calls for Mubarak to LEAVE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:52
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
Ayman Abd El Amin Nour is an Egyptian politician and former member of the Egyptian parliament. He held a Press Conference on #Jan25 about the recent upheavals in Egypt. This is what was said.
http://wn.com/Ayman_Nour_calls_for_Mubarak_to_LEAVE
Ayman Abd El Amin Nour is an Egyptian politician and former member of the Egyptian parliament. He held a Press Conference on #Jan25 about the recent upheavals in Egypt. This is what was said.
Ayman Nour- ايمن نور
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 44:16
- Updated: 16 Jul 2012
السياسي المصري المعارض أيمن نور يروي للزميل جوزيف عيساوي في هذه الحلقة من " قريب جداً" يوميات السجن. كما يتوقع في حلقة صوّرة قبل انتفاضة ٢٥ يناير، سيناريوهات منها ثورة شعبية تقود إلى فوضى، أو حكم عسكري لفترة أنتقالية، و وحذّرمن أن ثقافة المصرين والجيش ليست ثقافة تركيا المدنية. نور تحدث أيضاً عن والده عضو مجلس الشعب في عهد الرئيس السادات وحكاية المادة الدستورية التي " تلاعبت" بتاريخ مصر. In this episode of "Very Close", Ayman Nour, member of the Egyptian opposition, talks about his political detention in jail. In this episode shot before the revolution of January 25th, he showcases several scenarios including a national uproar leading to total chaos, and a transitory period military reign. Nour also does a comparison between the Egyptians and the army's culture and Turkey's civil rights culture. Nour also talks about his father, member of the People's Council under the Sadate mandate, and the Constitutional clause that caused a big turmoil in the history of Egypt. Very Close # 362
http://wn.com/Ayman_Nour_ايمن_نور
السياسي المصري المعارض أيمن نور يروي للزميل جوزيف عيساوي في هذه الحلقة من " قريب جداً" يوميات السجن. كما يتوقع في حلقة صوّرة قبل انتفاضة ٢٥ يناير، سيناريوهات منها ثورة شعبية تقود إلى فوضى، أو حكم عسكري لفترة أنتقالية، و وحذّرمن أن ثقافة المصرين والجيش ليست ثقافة تركيا المدنية. نور تحدث أيضاً عن والده عضو مجلس الشعب في عهد الرئيس السادات وحكاية المادة الدستورية التي " تلاعبت" بتاريخ مصر. In this episode of "Very Close", Ayman Nour, member of the Egyptian opposition, talks about his political detention in jail. In this episode shot before the revolution of January 25th, he showcases several scenarios including a national uproar leading to total chaos, and a transitory period military reign. Nour also does a comparison between the Egyptians and the army's culture and Turkey's civil rights culture. Nour also talks about his father, member of the People's Council under the Sadate mandate, and the Constitutional clause that caused a big turmoil in the history of Egypt. Very Close # 362
- published: 14 Feb 2011
- views: 517
- author: alhurra
Bahraini, Egyptian activists & politicians meet
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:36
- Updated: 11 Oct 2012
Sheikh Ali Salman, the Secretary General of the Bahraini Al Wefaq National Islamic society met with Egyptian politicians from across the spectrum including former presidential candidate Ayman Nour to discuss the latest developments and possible solutions to bring an end to the unrest in Bahrain. Follow our Facebook on: www.facebook.com Follow our Twitter on: twitter.com
http://wn.com/Bahraini,_Egyptian_activists_politicians_meet_
Sheikh Ali Salman, the Secretary General of the Bahraini Al Wefaq National Islamic society met with Egyptian politicians from across the spectrum including former presidential candidate Ayman Nour to discuss the latest developments and possible solutions to bring an end to the unrest in Bahrain. Follow our Facebook on: www.facebook.com Follow our Twitter on: twitter.com
- published: 09 Oct 2012
- views: 813
- author: PressTVGlobalNews
Ayman Nour & The Helicopter
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:13
- Updated: 10 Mar 2012
http://wn.com/Ayman_Nour_The_Helicopter
Egypt releases opposition leader Ayman Nour - 19 Feb 09
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:16
- Updated: 18 Jul 2012
Ayman Nour, the Egyptian opposition leader, jailed after challenging Hosni Mubarak, the Egyptian president, in 2005 elections, was unexpectedly freed on Wednesday. Critics say the move may have come as a result of direct pressure from the new administration of Barack Obama, the US president. Jamal Elshayyal reports.
http://wn.com/Egypt_releases_opposition_leader_Ayman_Nour_19_Feb_09
Ayman Nour, the Egyptian opposition leader, jailed after challenging Hosni Mubarak, the Egyptian president, in 2005 elections, was unexpectedly freed on Wednesday. Critics say the move may have come as a result of direct pressure from the new administration of Barack Obama, the US president. Jamal Elshayyal reports.
- published: 19 Feb 2009
- views: 11400
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Ayman Nour - Commentary and Call for Solidarity After April 6 Protests
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:01
- Updated: 25 Aug 2010
Ayman Nour gives a chilling account of the events that transpired at the Al Ghad Headquarters on April 6, 2010. He describes the brutality by Egyptian State security forces as he joined his eldest son, Noor Ayman Nour and hundreds of other young Egyptian activists in a peaceful demonstration calling for Constitutional reform and other basic human rights in Egypt. Nour vows to, "Spread the message far and wide, both nationally, and internationally: We will fight for the rights of our children, not only my child (who was arrested and sustained injuries), but for all those young people who were injured yesterday".
http://wn.com/Ayman_Nour_Commentary_and_Call_for_Solidarity_After_April_6_Protests
Ayman Nour gives a chilling account of the events that transpired at the Al Ghad Headquarters on April 6, 2010. He describes the brutality by Egyptian State security forces as he joined his eldest son, Noor Ayman Nour and hundreds of other young Egyptian activists in a peaceful demonstration calling for Constitutional reform and other basic human rights in Egypt. Nour vows to, "Spread the message far and wide, both nationally, and internationally: We will fight for the rights of our children, not only my child (who was arrested and sustained injuries), but for all those young people who were injured yesterday".
- published: 08 Apr 2010
- views: 1421
- author: TheMunchkinMann
[EGYPT] Ayman Nour, Mubarak Calls For Departure Of January 25
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:51
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION 2011!!! OVERTHROW THE TYRANT MUBARAK!!! NO MORE ILLUMINATI PUPPETS!!! egypt 2011 25 26 27 28 29 30 january cairo protests alexandria square parliament corrupt government nwo zionists middle east arabs revolutions uprising tunisia algeria news peaceful victory world fight puppets riots streets Muslims christians atheists democracy worldwide march masses people police fighting street killed wounded revolt
http://wn.com/_EGYPT_Ayman_Nour,_Mubarak_Calls_For_Departure_Of_January_25
EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION 2011!!! OVERTHROW THE TYRANT MUBARAK!!! NO MORE ILLUMINATI PUPPETS!!! egypt 2011 25 26 27 28 29 30 january cairo protests alexandria square parliament corrupt government nwo zionists middle east arabs revolutions uprising tunisia algeria news peaceful victory world fight puppets riots streets Muslims christians atheists democracy worldwide march masses people police fighting street killed wounded revolt
- published: 27 Jan 2011
- views: 2526
- author: ReadTheQuran4Peace
Noor Ayman Nour, the son of Ayman Nour describes being arrested on April 6, 2010
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:58
- Updated: 02 Mar 2012
Noor Ayman Nour, the son of Ayman Nour desecribes being arrested briefly during April 6 peaceful demonstrations
http://wn.com/Noor_Ayman_Nour,_the_son_of_Ayman_Nour_describes_being_arrested_on_April_6,_2010
Noor Ayman Nour, the son of Ayman Nour desecribes being arrested briefly during April 6 peaceful demonstrations
- published: 08 Apr 2010
- views: 3946
- author: TheMunchkinMann
Ascites. prof. Ayman Menessy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 68:51
- Updated: 26 Dec 2012
Ascites. prof. Ayman Menessy
http://wn.com/Ascites_prof_Ayman_Menessy
Inside Egypt's Opposition - Ayman Nour
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:49
- Updated: 07 Apr 2012
25 July 2005 - Egypt's burgeoning pro-democracy movements prepare for battle with president Hosni Mubarak ahead of September's election.
http://wn.com/Inside_Egypt's_Opposition_Ayman_Nour
25 July 2005 - Egypt's burgeoning pro-democracy movements prepare for battle with president Hosni Mubarak ahead of September's election.
- published: 21 Nov 2008
- views: 3277
- author: travisgfox
Ayman Nour and his son chant against Mubarak
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:04
- Updated: 23 Jun 2011
During the April 13th protest, opposition leader Dr.Ayman Nour has chanted against Mubarak. The protest was organized by Kefaya, Al-Ghad, Al-Karama, and April 6th youth. It was meant to challenge the brutalization that occurred on April 6th.
http://wn.com/Ayman_Nour_and_his_son_chant_against_Mubarak
During the April 13th protest, opposition leader Dr.Ayman Nour has chanted against Mubarak. The protest was organized by Kefaya, Al-Ghad, Al-Karama, and April 6th youth. It was meant to challenge the brutalization that occurred on April 6th.
- published: 14 Apr 2010
- views: 2179
- author: EgyptDailyDigest
Ayman Nour
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:58
- Updated: 25 May 2012
Free Ayman nour
http://wn.com/Ayman_Nour
Aida & Yasser Al Swery 2011 - "Gana el hawa" (improvisation)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:53
- Updated: 27 Dec 2012
Aida & Yasser Al Swery - "Gana el hawa" (improvisation) www.aida.ge www.aida.ge II International Festival "Tariq El Nougoum". Gala-Show. Moscow, Russia, May, 14, 2011 Organizers: NOUR (Egypt-Russia) www.nour-orientaldance.com Yasser Al Swery (Syria-Egypt) www.yasser-alswery.com Karima (RUSSIA) www.karima.ru
http://wn.com/Aida_Yasser_Al_Swery_2011_Gana_el_hawa_improvisation
Aida & Yasser Al Swery - "Gana el hawa" (improvisation) www.aida.ge www.aida.ge II International Festival "Tariq El Nougoum". Gala-Show. Moscow, Russia, May, 14, 2011 Organizers: NOUR (Egypt-Russia) www.nour-orientaldance.com Yasser Al Swery (Syria-Egypt) www.yasser-alswery.com Karima (RUSSIA) www.karima.ru
- published: 22 Nov 2012
- views: 975
- author: Zviadi Arziani
Medicolegal Aspects Prof Ayman Karkar
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 44:20
- Updated: 26 Dec 2012
Medicolegal Aspects Prof Ayman Karkar
http://wn.com/Medicolegal_Aspects_Prof_Ayman_Karkar
Salt toxicity in HD patientsprof Esam Nour Al Din
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 31:01
- Updated: 27 Dec 2012
Salt toxicity in HD patientsprof Esam Nour Al Din
http://wn.com/Salt_toxicity_in_HD_patientsprof_Esam_Nour_Al_Din
Hemodialysis adequacy Dr Ayman Maher Nagib MD UNC Mansoura
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 45:30
- Updated: 26 Dec 2012
Hemodialysis adequacy Dr Ayman Maher Nagib MD UNC Mansoura
http://wn.com/Hemodialysis_adequacy_Dr_Ayman_Maher_Nagib_MD_UNC_Mansoura
Hemodialysis adequacy Dr Ayman Maher Nagib MD UNC Mansoura
- published: 22 Oct 2012
- views: 24
- author: mansvu
Vascular Access Nephrology Perspectives Prof Ayman Karkar
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 57:07
- Updated: 26 Dec 2012
Vascular Access Nephrology Perspectives Prof Ayman Karkar
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Vascular Access Nephrology Perspectives Prof Ayman Karkar
- published: 22 Oct 2012
- views: 34
- author: mansvu
FMF and renal amyloidosis prof Ayman Refaie, Mansoura UNC
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 21:17
- Updated: 26 Dec 2012
FMF and renal amyloidosis prof Ayman Refaie, Mansoura UNC
http://wn.com/FMF_and_renal_amyloidosis_prof_Ayman_Refaie,_Mansoura_UNC
FMF and renal amyloidosis prof Ayman Refaie, Mansoura UNC
- published: 16 Oct 2012
- views: 30
- author: mansvu
Ayman Nour
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:41
- Updated: 01 Jun 2012
Free Ayman Nour created by masriya0awyyy
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Rheumatological Complications Of Hemodialysis Prof Essam Nour Eldin AinShams University
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 72:38
- Updated: 26 Dec 2012
Rheumatological Complications Of Hemodialysis Prof Essam Nour Eldin AinShams University
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Rheumatological Complications Of Hemodialysis Prof Essam Nour Eldin AinShams University
- published: 22 Oct 2012
- views: 17
- author: mansvu
Talking about Dr Ayman Nour.mp4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:29
- Updated: 21 Aug 2012
Talking about Dr Ayman Nour.mp4
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Free Ayman Nour
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:23
- Updated: 25 May 2012
Free Ayman Nour Get Involved to Free Ayman Nour freeaymannour.org we will not forget you NOUR !!
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Free Ayman Nour Get Involved to Free Ayman Nour freeaymannour.org we will not forget you NOUR !!
- published: 21 May 2007
- views: 1899
- author: freeegypt
Interview With Noor Ayman Noor, pt. 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:38
- Updated: 05 Jul 2012
An interview with Noor Ayman Noor, one of the leaders of a movement dedicated to ending military trials for Egyptian civilians, and securing the release of thousands jailed by the army since the country's police force retreated from the streets during last year's revolution.
http://wn.com/Interview_With_Noor_Ayman_Noor,_pt_1
An interview with Noor Ayman Noor, one of the leaders of a movement dedicated to ending military trials for Egyptian civilians, and securing the release of thousands jailed by the army since the country's police force retreated from the streets during last year's revolution.
- published: 02 Jul 2012
- views: 138
- author: rpmackey
photo: US Navy / HMC Josh Ives
27 Dec 2012
Imperial adventures are nothing new in the Middle East. Neither is their glorification, as Peter O’Toole’s pained Lawrence of Arabia eternally reminds us. But for a decade or so now, things have been heating up, as if to coincide with climate change and fears of declining petroleum reserves ... The Belly for Belligerence? ... The question loomed over beltway intelligentsia like an ephemeral Gordian knot ... We’re All Hawks Now ... While George W ... ....(size: 9.3Kb)
photo: WN / Janice Sabnal
27 Dec 2012
Washington. Six people, including two young children, were left dead in weather-related accidents, as winter snowstorms complicated travel for many Americans in the Midwest and Northeast on Wednesday. Snow totals in parts of Indiana ranged from 6 to 12 inches, CNN reported. About 350 snowploughs were clearing roads throughout the city. New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo told residents they should avoid nonessential travel ... IANS ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)
photo: AP / Ben Curtis
28 Dec 2012
The president of Central African Republic (CAR) has urgently called on France and other foreign powers to help his government fend off rebels who are quickly seizing territory and approaching the capital. Speaking to crowds in Bangui, a city of some 600,000, Francois Bozize on Thursday pleaded with foreign powers to do what they could. He pointed in particular to France, Central African Republic's former colonial ruler ... 516 Share ... News ... ....(size: 19.5Kb)
photo: AP / K.M.Chaudary
27 Dec 2012
Large crowds of Pakistan People's Party (PPP) supporters are gathering to mark the fifth anniversary of the murder of ex-Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto. Ms Bhutto died in a gun and bomb attack during her 2007 election campaign. Hundreds of thousands of people have set up camp near the Bhutto family's ancestral home in Sindh province ... He cannot contest an election until his 25th birthday. Show of strength ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)
photo: AP / Khalil Hamra, File
26 Dec 2012
Cairo • The official approval of Egypt’s disputed, Islamist-backed constitution Tuesday held out little hope of stabilizing the country after two years of turmoil and Islamist President Mohammed Morsi may now face a more immediate crisis with the economy falling deeper into distress ... Join the Discussion. The battle over the constitution left Egypt deeply polarized at a time when the government is increasingly cash-strapped ... The U.S ... " ... ....(size: 5.7Kb)
The Examiner
26 Dec 2012
Egypt just wrapped up the second round of voting on a controversial Constitution drafted by a parliament dominated by different Islamist parties. Although Egypt's main opposition parties; namely the Constitution Party lead by Mr ... Ayman Nour have called on President Mohamed Morsi to delay such vote until all political parties could participate in drafting such Constitution, the vote went ahead and took place in two rounds ... While Mr ... Mr ... ....(size: 7.5Kb)
Xinhua
23 Dec 2012
• Initial results of constitutional referendum showed 63.5% of voters approving new constitution. • Some analysts expected this result predicting "a deep crisis" unless a reconciliation is reached ... Ayman Nour, head of liberal Ghad al-Thawra Party, said that despite his rejection of the draft constitution, the result must be respected after all ... But we will still continue our struggle to amend the disputed articles," Nour told Xinhua ... 分享....(size: 6.0Kb)
New Straits/Business Times
12 Dec 2012
CAIRO. Most Egyptian judges rejected any role Tuesday in overseeing the country’s constitutional referendum, a move likely to cast further doubt on the legitimacy of the disputed charter ... . ... . ... . ... Cracks in the opposition’s unity first appeared last weekend when one of its leading figures, veteran opposition politician Ayman Nour, accepted an invitation by Morsi to attend a “national dialogue” meeting ... ....(size: 8.2Kb)
Newsday
11 Dec 2012
Photos. CAIRO - (AP) -- Masked gunmen attacked opposition protesters camped out at 's Tahrir Square early on Tuesday, firing birdshot at them and wounding nine people, security officials said ... Cracks in the opposition's unity first appeared last weekend when one of its leading figures, veteran opposition politician Ayman Nour, accepted an invitation by Morsi to attend a "national dialogue" meeting ... The decree went into effect on Monday....(size: 3.6Kb)
The Independent
11 Dec 2012
Masked gunmen attacked opposition protesters camped out at Cairo's Tahrir Square early today, firing birdshot at them and wounding nine people, security officials said ... The Islamists have threatened to storm the complex ... Cracks in the opposition's unity first appeared last weekend when one of its leading figures, veteran opposition politician Ayman Nour, accepted an invitation by Morsi to attend a "national dialogue" meeting....(size: 3.1Kb)
Sacramento Bee
11 Dec 2012
CAIRO -- Masked gunmen attacked opposition protesters camped out at Cairo's Tahrir Square early on Tuesday, firing birdshots at them and wounding nine people, security officials said ... Cracks in the opposition's unity first appeared last weekend when one of its leading figures, veteran opposition politician Ayman Nour, accepted an invitation by Morsi to attend a "national dialogue" meeting ... The decree went into effect on Monday....(size: 3.1Kb)
Star Tribune
11 Dec 2012
CAIRO - Masked gunmen attacked opposition protesters camped out at Cairo's Tahrir Square early on Tuesday, firing birdshots at them and wounding nine people, security officials said ... Cracks in the opposition's unity first appeared last weekend when one of its leading figures, veteran opposition politician Ayman Nour, accepted an invitation by Morsi to attend a "national dialogue" meeting ... ....(size: 3.2Kb)
Khaleej Times
11 Dec 2012
CAIRO ' Masked gunmen attacked opposition protesters camped out at Cairo’s Tahrir Square early on Tuesday, firing birdshots at them and wounding nine people, security officials said ... Cracks in the opposition’s unity first appeared last weekend when one of its leading figures, veteran opposition politician Ayman Nour, accepted an invitation by Mursi to attend a “national dialogue” meeting ... . ....(size: 3.2Kb)
Newsday
11 Dec 2012
Photos ... The protesters were beginning to gather just hours after masked assailants set upon opposition protesters staging a sit-in at Tahrir Square, firing birdshot and swinging knives and sticks, according to security officials ... Cracks in the opposition's unity first appeared last weekend when one of its leading figures, veteran opposition politician Ayman Nour, accepted an invitation by Morsi to attend a "national dialogue" meeting ... ....(size: 4.7Kb)
CBC
11 Dec 2012
Masked gunmen attacked opposition protesters camped out at Cairo's Tahrir Square early Tuesday, firing birdshot at them and wounding nine people, security officials said ... The Islamists have threatened to storm the complex ... Cracks in the opposition's unity first appeared last weekend when one of its leading figures, veteran opposition politician Ayman Nour, accepted an invitation by Morsi to attend a "national dialogue" meeting ... ....(size: 4.0Kb)
The Independent
11 Dec 2012
At least 11 protesters were wounded in the pre-dawn attack, according to a Health Ministry spokesman quoted by the official MENA news agency ... The latest spate of violence in Egypt has divided the country into two camps ... Cracks in the opposition's unity first appeared last weekend when one of its leading figures, veteran opposition politician Ayman Nour, accepted an invitation by Morsi to attend a "national dialogue" meeting....(size: 4.0Kb)
Seattle Post
11 Dec 2012
The protesters were beginning to gather just hours after masked assailants set upon opposition protesters staging a sit-in at Tahrir Square, firing birdshot and swinging knives and sticks, according to security officials ... Cracks in the opposition's unity first appeared last weekend when one of its leading figures, veteran opposition politician Ayman Nour, accepted an invitation by Morsi to attend a "national dialogue" meeting ... ....(size: 4.0Kb)
WPXI
11 Dec 2012
Thousands of opponents and supporters of Egypt's Islamist president staged rival rallies in the nation's capital Tuesday, four days ahead a nationwide referendum on a contentious draft constitution ... "They don't want Islam." ... Cracks in the opposition's unity first appeared last weekend when one of its leading figures, veteran opposition politician Ayman Nour, accepted an invitation by Morsi to attend a "national dialogue" meeting ... ....(size: 5.3Kb)
 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2010) |
| Ayman Nour أيمن نور |
|
|---|---|
 |
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| Member of the Majilis Al-Sha’ab | |
| In office 1995–2005 |
|
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1964-12-05) 5 December 1964 (age 47) El Mansoura, Egypt |
| Political party | Ghad El-Thawra Party |
| Alma mater | Mansoura University |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Ayman Abd El Aziz Nour (Arabic: أيمن عبد العزيز نور, IPA: [ˈʔæjmæn ʕæbdelˈʕaziːz ˈnuːɾ]; born 5 December 1964) is an Egyptian politician, a former member of the Egyptian Parliament, founder of the El Ghad party and chairman of the Ghad El-Thawra Party.
Ayaman Nour was the first man to ever compete against former President Hosni Mubarak for the presidency of Egypt in 2005. Shortly after placing a distant second, in what are widely believed to have been corrupt elections, he was imprisoned by Hosni Mubarak under allegations of "forgery" which have been widely criticized to have been politically motivated and corrupt charges. Nour was released on "health grounds" on February 18, 2009 only a few months before he would have competed his prison sentence.[1] Following the fall of Mubarak in the 2011 Revolution, Nour stated his intention to run for the vacant presidency.[2]
Contents |
Background[link]
Nour was stripped of his parliamentary immunity and arrested on January 29, 2005. He was charged with forging PAs (Powers of Attorney) to secure the formation of the el-Ghad party. Nour vehemently denied the charges (from prison).
The arrest, occurring in an election year, was widely criticized by governments around the world as a step backwards for Egyptian democracy. Few seem to regard the charges as legitimate. Nour remained active despite his imprisonment, using the opportunity to write critical articles and make his case and cause better known.
In February 2005, Condoleezza Rice abruptly postponed a visit to Egypt, reflecting U.S. displeasure at the jailing of Nour, who was reported to have been brutally interrogated.[3] That same month, the government announced the following month that it would open elections to multiple candidates.
In March 2005, following a strong intervention in Cairo by a group of Members of the European Parliament led by Vice-President Edward McMillan-Scott (UK, Conservative), Nour was freed and began a campaign for the Egyptian presidency.[4]
Nour was the first runner-up in the 2005 presidential election with 7% of the vote according to government figures and estimated at 13% by independent observers, although no independent observers were allowed to monitor the elections.
On December 24, 2005 he was sentenced to five years in jail. Though diabetic, Nour engaged in a two-weeks long hunger strike to protest his trial.[5]
Nour's verdict and sentencing made global headlines and were the first item of news on most international news broadcasts, including the BBC.
On the day of Nour's guilty verdict and sentencing, the White House Press Secretary released the following statement denouncing the government's action:[6]
The United States is deeply troubled by the conviction today of Egyptian politician Ayman Nour by an Egyptian court. The conviction of Mr. Nour, the runner-up in Egypt's 2005 presidential elections, calls into question Egypt's commitment to democracy, freedom, and the rule of law. We are also disturbed by reports that Mr. Nour's health has seriously declined due to the hunger strike on which he has embarked in protest of the conditions of his trial and detention. The United States calls upon the Egyptian government to act under the laws of Egypt in the spirit of its professed desire for increased political openness and dialogue within Egyptian society, and out of humanitarian concern, to release Mr. Nour from detention.
In February 2006, Rice visited Hosni Mubarak yet never spoke Nour's name publicly. When asked about him at a news conference, she referred to his situation as one of Egypt's setbacks. Days later, Mubarak told a government newspaper that Rice "didn't bring up difficult issues or ask to change anything." From prison, Nour stated "I pay the price when [Rice] speaks [of me], and I pay the price when she doesn't," Nour said. "But what's happening to me now is a message to everybody."[7]
In June 2007 President Bush, speaking at a conference of dissidents in the Czech Republic, revisited the issue of Ayman Nour, saying:[8]
There are many dissidents who couldn't join us because they are being unjustly imprisoned or held under house arrest. I look forward to the day when a conference like this one include Alexander Kozulin of Belarus, Aung San Suu Kyi of Burma, Oscar Elias Biscet of Cuba, Father Nguyen Van Ly of Vietnam, Ayman Nour of Egypt. (Applause.) The daughter of one of these political prisoners is in this room. I would like to say to her, and all the families: I thank you for your courage. I pray for your comfort and strength. And I call for the immediate and unconditional release of your loved ones. ... I have asked Secretary Rice to send a directive to every U.S. ambassador in an un-free nation: Seek out and meet with activists for democracy. Seek out those who demand human rights.
Nour was released on health grounds on 18 February 2009.[1] It has been alleged that his release from prison was due to U.S. President Obama demanding his release as a condition to meet with Mubarak.[9]
See also[link]
- Asmaa Mahfouz
- Kefaya
- Tomorrow Party
- Ghad El-Thawra Party
- Saad Eddin Ibrahim
- Nonviolent resistance
- 2011 Egyptian revolution
Notes[link]
- ^ a b "Egypt's Nour released from jail". BBC News. BBC. 18 February 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7897703.stm. Retrieved 18 February 2009.
- ^ "Ruling Egypt After Mubarak: Presidential Contenders Emerge". TIME. February 12, 2011. http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2048789,00.html.
- ^ Kessler, Glen Rice Drops Plans for Visit to Egypt Washington Post February 26, 2005; Retrieved March 15, 2007
- ^ Williams, Daniel Egypt Frees An Aspiring Candidate Presidential Hopeful Is Released on Bail The Washington Post March 13, 2005; Retrieved March 20, 2007
- ^ Former Egyptian Presidential Candidate Sentenced to 5 Years Hard Labor Voice of America December 24, 2005
- ^ "Statement on Conviction of Egyptian Politician Ayman Nour". U.S. National Archives. 2005-12-24. http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2005/12/20051224-1.html. Retrieved 2009-06-06.
- ^ Spolar, Christine Egypt reformer feels iron hand of the law Chicago Tribune (IL); 03/06/2006, Retrieved March 20, 2007
- ^ "President Bush Visits Prague, Czech Republic, Discusses Freedom". U.S. National Archives. 2007-06-05. http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2007/06/20070605-8.html. Retrieved 2009-06-06.
- ^ Macleod, Scott (February 19, 2009). "Egypt Frees a Dissident: A Gesture for Obama?". TIME. http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1880767,00.html.
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ayman Nour |
- Petition to free Ayman Nour
- "Ghad El-Thawra" website
- Dissident Watch Profile
- Human Rights watch: Ayman Nur Trial Badly Flawed; Judge Jails Opposition Leader, Others, Without Explanation
- Egypt's Nur says government wants him to die in jail
- Ayman Nour Released: New Impetus for Egypt's Opposition? (Qantara.de)
- Interview with Ayman Nour: "I Won't Wait for the Regime to Give Me Its Blessings!"
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Nour, Ayman |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Egyptian politician |
| Date of birth | December 5, 1964 |
| Place of birth | El Mansoura, Egypt |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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Ayman Abd El Aziz Nour (Arabic: أيمن عبد العزيز نور, IPA: [ˈʔæjmæn ʕæbdelˈʕaziːz ˈnuːɾ]; born 5 December 1964) is an Egyptian politician, a former member of the Egyptian Parliament, founder of the El Ghad party and chairman of the Ghad El-Thawra Party.
Ayaman Nour was the first man to ever compete against former President Hosni Mubarak for the presidency of Egypt in 2005. Shortly after placing a distant second, in what are widely believed to have been corrupt elections, he was imprisoned by Hosni Mubarak under allegations of "forgery" which have been widely criticized to have been politically motivated and corrupt charges. Nour was released on "health grounds" on February 18, 2009 only a few months before he would have competed his prison sentence. Following the fall of Mubarak in the 2011 Revolution, Nour stated his intention to run for the vacant presidency.
Nour was stripped of his parliamentary immunity and arrested on January 29, 2005. He was charged with forging PAs (Powers of Attorney) to secure the formation of the el-Ghad party. Nour vehemently denied the charges (from prison).
