A television reporter holding a microphone.

A journalist collects and distributes news and other information. A journalist's work is referred to as journalism.

A reporter is a type of journalist who researches, writes, and reports on information to be presented in mass media, including print media (newspapers and magazines), electronic media (television, radio, documentary film), and digital media (such as online journalism). Reporters cultivate sources, conduct interviews, engage in research, and make reports. The information-gathering part of a journalist's job is sometimes called "reporting," in contrast to the production part of the job such as writing articles. Reporters may split their time between working in a newsroom and going out to witness events or interview people. Reporters may be assigned a specific beat or area of coverage.

Depending on the context, the term journalist may include various types of editors, editorial writers, columnists, and visual journalists, such as photojournalists (journalists who use the medium of photography).

Journalism has developed a variety of ethics and standards. While objectivity and a lack of bias are often considered important, some types of journalism, such as advocacy journalism, intentionally adopt a non-objective viewpoint.

Salaries and job outlook[link]

The Henry W. Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Georgia has conducted its Annual Survey of Journalism and Mass Communication Graduates since 1997. According to its 2009 survey, the median salary earned by holders of either bachelor's or master's degrees in journalism and mass communication from colleges and universities in the United States (including Puerto Rico) entering the full-time job market in 2009 with $30,000. This was the same amount as in 2006, 2007, and 2008.^[1]

According to the Occupational Outlook Handbook of the United States Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics, "employment of news analysts, reporters, and correspondents is expected to decline 6 percent between 2008 and 2018."^[2] The Occupational Outlook Handbook report that the median annual wage for news analysts, reporters, and correspondents in the United States was $34,850 in May 2008, with the middle 50 percent earning between $25,760 and $52,160, and the bottom and top 10 percent earning less than $20,180 and more than $77,480, respectively. Median annual wages for reporters and correspondents were $33,430 in "newspaper, periodical, book, and directory publishing" and $37,710 in "radio and television broadcasting."^[2]

Journalistic freedom[link]

Journalists may expose themselves to danger, particularly when reporting in areas of armed conflict or in states that do not respect the freedom of the press. Organizations such as the Committee to Protect Journalists and Reporters Without Borders publish reports on press freedom and advocate for journalistic freedom. As of November 2011, the Committee to Protect Journalists reports that, 887 journalists have been killed worldwide since 1992 by murder (71 percent), crossfire or combat (17 percent), or on dangerous assignment (12 percent). The "ten deadliest countries" for journalists since 1992 have been Iraq (151 deaths), Philippines (72), United States (61), Algeria (60), Russia (52), Colombia (43), Pakistan (41), Somalia (35), India (27), and Mexico (27).^[3]

The Committee to Protect Journalists also reports that as of December 1, 2010, 145 journalists are jailed worldwide for journalistic activities. The countries with the ten countries largest number of currently-imprisoned journalists are China (34 imprisoned), Iran (34), Eritrea (17), Burma (13), Uzbekistan (six), Vietnam (five), Cuba (four), Ethiopia (four), Turkey (four), and Sudan (three).^[4]

See also[link]

Journalism portal

• Critic
• War correspondent
• 24-hour television news channels
• 24-hour news cycle
• Broadcast journalism
• Electronic field production (EFP)
• Electronic news-gathering (ENG)
• List of ITV journalists and newsreaders
• Local news
• News broadcasting
• News presenter
• News program
• Newsroom
• Outside broadcasting
• Student newspaper

Notes[link]

Further reading[link]

• Fowler, Nathaniel Clark. (1913). The Handbook of Journalism: All about Newspaper Work.--Facts and Information of Vital Moment to the Journalist and to All who Would Enter this Calling. New York: Sully and Kleinteich.
• Huffman, James L. (2003). A Yankee in Meiji Japan: The Crusading Journalist. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. 10-ISBN 0-7425-2621-6; 13-ISBN 978-0-7425-2621-1
• Randall, David. (2000). The Universal Journalist. Sterling Virginia: Pluto Press. 10-ISBN 0-7453-1641-7; 13-ISBN 978-0-7453-1641-3; OCLC 43481682
• Stone, Ejijah Melville. (1921) Fifty Years a Journalist. New York: Doubleday, Page and Company. OCLC 1520155
• Woods, Donald. (1981). Asking for Trouble: Autobiography of a Banned Journalist. New York: Atheneum. 10-ISBN 0-689-11159-2; 13-ISBN 978-0-689-11159-4; OCLC 6864121

External links[link]

Look up journalist in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Journalists

• Society of Professional Journalists

Javed Akhtar
Born	(1945-01-17) 17 January 1945 (age 67)[1] Gwalior state, British India
Occupation	Lyricist, poet, scriptwriter
Nationality	Indian
Subjects	Love, philosophy
Spouse(s)	Honey Irani (divorced) Shabana Azmi
Children	Farhan Akhtar Zoya Akhtar
Influences Majaz, Jan Nisar Akhtar
Influenced Urdu poetry
www.javedakhtar.com

Javed Akhtar (born 17 January 1945) is a poet, lyricist and scriptwriter from India. Akhtar is a main stream writer and some of his most successful work was carried out in the late 1970s and 1980s with Salim Khan as half of the script-writing duo credited as Salim-Javed. Akhtar continues to be a prominent figure in Bollywood and is one of the most popular and sought-after lyricists.^{[citation needed]}

Early life[link]

He was born as Jadoo Akhtar in Gwalior, (Madhya Pradesh) to Jan Nisar Akhtar, a Bollywood film songwriter and Urdu poet, and singer Safia Akhtar, a teacher and writer.^[1] His original name was Jadoo, taken from a line in a poem written by his father: "Lamba, lamba kisi jadoo ka fasana hoga". He was given the official name of Javed since it was the closest to the word jadoo.^[2] Amongst his family members who are poets are the Urdu poet Majaz (maternal uncle), and his grandfather, Muztar Khairabadi, and Maulana Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi, a noted philosopher, poet and religious scholar of the nineteenth century. Akhtar's younger brother, Salman Akhtar, is a psychoanalyst practicing in the United States.

Having lost his mother while very young, Akhtar's early years were spent in Lucknow, Aligarh and Mumbai, mostly with relatives. He studied in Colvin Taluqdars' College in Lucknow and the Minto Circle where he completed his matriculation from Aligarh Muslim University. After matriculation, Akhtar acquired a B.A. from Saifiya College in Bhopal. A gifted debater in college, he won the Rotary Club Prize frequently.

Career[link]

Akhtar arrived in Mumbai on 4 October 1964. In his early years living in Mumbai, he managed to write the dialogue for a minor film for Rs. 100. Occasionally, he used to work as an assistant. He got a job as a scriptwriter on Yakeen which flopped. Akhtar then joined with his friend Salim Khan to develop the story for Adhikar. Salim-Javed were hired by G. P. Sippy's Sippy Films as resident screenwriters and produced the screenplays for successful films like Andaz, Seeta Aur Geeta, Sholay and Don.

Akhtar used to write his scripts in Urdu, which were then written out in Hindi by his assistant. Another assistant would type out a one line summary in English. His association with Salim Khan lasted until 1980. After this Akhtar wrote some scripts on his own, but mostly moved into writing lyrics for films, in which he achieved success.

Akhtar has also attempted more serious Urdu poetry aside from writing lyrics for movies. A major set of his works were compiled in Tarkash, which was also rendered into audio in his voice. Singers such as late Jagjit Singh and late Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan have sung some of his non-movie poetry.

Javed Akhtar was also a judge alongside Anu Malik, Kailash Kher and Sonali Bendre on India's singer hunt Indian Idol 4. He is also on the advisory board of the Asian Academy of Film & Television.

Personal life[link]

Akhtar was born a Muslim, but later became an Atheist as he stated in his speech "Spirituality, Halo or Hoax".^[3][4] Akhtar was married to Honey Irani, a script-writer for Hindi films, with whom he had two children Farhan Akhtar and Zoya Akhtar, both film directors and actors. The father and son duo have worked together in films such as Dil Chahta Hai, Lakshya, Rock On!! and Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara along with Zoya. His son Farhan is married to Adhuna Akhtar, a hair stylist.^[5]

After Javed's divorce with Irani, he married actress Shabana Azmi, the daughter of another Urdu poet, Kaifi Azmi.

Awards[link]

Javed Akhtar was awarded the Padma Shri award by the Government of India in 1999 and received the Padma Bhushan in 2007. Akhtar has also won the Filmfare Award fourteen times, seven times for Best Script, and eight times for Best Lyrics for "Ek Ladki Ko Dekha..." in 1942-A Love Story, "Ghar Se Nikalte Hi..." for Papa Kahte Hain, "Sandese Aate Hain...." for Border, "Panchhi Nadiyan Pawan Ke Jhonke..." for Refugee, "Radha Kaise Na Jale" for Lagaan, "Kal Ho Na Ho" for Kal Ho Na Ho, "Tere Liye..." for Veer-Zaara and "Jashn-e-Bahara" for Jodhaa Akbar.

Akhtar has won the National Award five times. In 1996 he won for Best Lyricist for the film Saaz and in 1997 he won the National Award for Border. He again won the National Award in 1998 for Godmother. In 2000 he again won the National Award for the song "Panchhi Nadiyan Pawan Ke Jonke..." from the film Refugee and in 2001 for "Radha Kaise Na Jale" from Lagaan.

He has won the 1995 and 1997 Screen Videocon Awards. He also won first Zee Award for Best Lyricist for "Sandese Aate Hain" from the film Border. He was awarded a Videocon Screen award as well as a Lux Zee Cine award for "Panchhi Nadiyan Pawan Ke Jhonke..." for Refugee.

In 2001 Akhtar received the "National Integration Award" from the All India Anti-Terrorist Association and the Avadh Ratan from the U.P. Government. He also won the 2003 Hakim Khan Sur Sammaan Award from the Maharana Mewar Foundation, Udaipur.

Filmography[link]

As scriptwriter[link]

Movies written as part of the Salim-Javed team are marked as such.

• Haathi Mere Saathi, 1971 (Salim-Javed)
• Seeta Aur Geeta, 1972 (Salim-Javed)
• Yaadon Ki Baaraat, 1973 (Salim-Javed)
• Zanjeer, 1973 (Salim-Javed)
• Majboor, 1974 (Salim-Javed)
• Deewar, 1975 (Salim-Javed)
• Sholay, 1975 (Salim-Javed)
• Immaan Dharam, 1977 (Salim-Javed)
• Chacha Bhatija, 1977 (Salim-Javed)
• Manushulu Chesina Dongalu (Telugu film), 1977 (Salim-Javed)
• Trishul, 1978 (Salim-Javed)
• Don, 1978 (Salim-Javed)
• Yugandhar (Telugu remake of Don), 1979 (Salim-Javed)
• Kaala Patthar, 1979 (Salim-Javed)
• Dostana, 1980 (Salim-Javed)
• Shaan, 1980 (Salim-Javed)
• Kranti, 1981 (Salim-Javed)
• Shakti, 1982 (Salim-Javed)
• Duniya, 1984, story, screenplay, and dialogue
• Mashaal, 1984 (Javed Akhtar)
• Saagar, 1985 (Javed Akhtar)
• Meri Jung, 1985 (Javed Akhtar)
• Mr. India, 1987 (Salim-Javed)
• Main Azaad Hoon, 1989,Story
• Roop Ki Rani Choron Ka Raja (1993), story, screenplay, and dialogue
• Don: The Chase Begins Again (Salim-Javed: based on original script), 2006
• Zanjeer (Hindi & Telugu film), 2013 (Salim-Javed)

He has been awarded the Filmfare Best Lyricist Award 8 times.

As lyricist[link]

See also[link]

Poetry portal

• Salim-Javed
• Urdu
• List of Urdu-language poets

References[link]

• Chopra, Anupama, Sholay - The Making Of A Classic (Penguin Books) 2000 ISBN 0-14-029970-X

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Javed Akhtar

• Javed Akhtar Songs, Poetry, Biography
• Javed Akhtar at Kavita Kosh (Hindi)
• Javed Akhtar at the Internet Movie Database
• BBC's Noel Thompson interviews JavedAkhtar on 4 September 2006
• JavedAkhtar.com

Adam Buxton and Joe Cornish are British comedy performers known together as Adam and Joe. They are best known for presenting Adam and Joe on BBC 6 Music, and The Adam and Joe Show on Channel 4 from 1996 to 2001.

History[link]

Adam and Joe began working on comedy material during their time at Westminster School together, where they created numerous amateur films along with their friend Louis Theroux. Some of these films were submitted to Channel 4's home video showcase Takeover TV in 1994 and led to Adam hosting that show in 1995.^[1]

Together they hosted The Adam and Joe Show on Channel 4 from 1996 - 2001. They won the Royal Television Society Best Newcomers Award in 1998, published The Adam and Joe Book in 1999, and presented BBC Three's coverage of the Glastonbury Festival in 2000 and 2002. Other spin-off projects included Adam & Joe's Fourmative Years in 1998 and Adam and Joe's American Animation Adventure in 2001.^[2]

They directed pop promos for Frank Black and Gorky's Zygotic Mynci, as well as appearing in two Surf washing powder commercials, in which they comically set upon Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen and Keith Harris and Orville.^[3]

In 2003, Buxton and Cornish presented Adam and Joe Go Tokyo, a Tokyo-based magazine show covering Japanese pop culture for BBC Three and BBC One.^[4] The same year they began hosting a show on UK radio station Xfm, filling in for Ricky Gervais on Saturday afternoons. When Gervais left the station they took over permanently, and continued to present the Saturday morning show, until Summer 2006. The best parts of these shows were condensed into a series of twenty podcasts.

Bizarrely, their most-repeated^{[citation needed]} is their 2001 E4 series Shock Video, in which the duo provide an often totally irrelevant comic commentary on soft-core porn clips from around the world.

From August 2006 until October 2007, they hosted the monthly "Coca-Cola New Music Podcast", which showcased unsigned bands from around Europe, presented in a similar style to their Xfm shows.

They sometimes write a column for The Idler, a yearly literary magazine.^[5]

Present[link]

Adam and Joe began presenting the BBC 6 Music Saturday morning show in October 2007.

Features on the show include 'Song Wars', where they both compose original compositions based on a common theme. Listeners then vote for which song they think is the best.

'Text the Nation' is another regular feature where listeners provide anecdotes based on a theme or question set by Adam and Joe. Themes have included 'Childhood Misconceptions' and 'Horror Film Ideas'. The 'Text the Nation' feature was also instrumental in the uncovering and subsequent popularisation of the Stephen! call and response.

Their show won a Broadcasting Press Guild Award in 2008 for best radio programme of the year.^[6]

References[link]