Sioux

Thursday, 10 January 2013

Siouxsie And The Banshees - Cities In Dust

stolen.women.captured.hearts.o.guerreiro.sioux.leg.avi

INDIANI D'AMERICA - Lay o Lay Ale Loya - Ho bisogno di Te (Native American ~ Spiritual Music)

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Alberta
Alberta /ælˈbɜrtə/ is a province of Canada. It had a population of 3,645,257 in 2011, making it the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces. Alberta and its neighbour, Saskatchewan, were established as provinces on September 1, 1905.
Alberta is located in western Canada, bounded by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north, and the US state of Montana to the south. Alberta is one of three Canadian provinces and territories to border only a single U.S. state and is also one of only two provinces that are landlocked.
Edmonton, the capital city of Alberta, is located near the geographic centre of the province and is the primary supply and service hub for Canada's oil sands and other northern resource industries. Approximately 300 kilometres (190 mi) south of the capital is Calgary, Alberta's largest city and a major distribution and transportation hub. Calgary and Edmonton centre Alberta's two census metropolitan areas, both of which have populations exceeding 1 million.Census agglomerations in the province include Lethbridge, Red Deer, Medicine Hat, Wood Buffalo (includes Fort McMurray), Grande Prairie, Lloydminster, Okotoks, Brooks, Camrose, Cold Lake, High River, Sylvan Lake, Wetaskiwin, Strathmore, Canmore, and Lacombe. Notable tourist destinations in the province include Canmore, Sylvan Lake, Drumheller, Banff, and Jasper.

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Canada
Canada ( /ˈkænədə/) is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Spanning over 9,900,000 km² (3,800,000 sq mi), Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the longest land border in the world.
The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonial expeditions explored, and later settled, along the region's Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy; the Canada Act 1982 severed the vestiges of legal dependence on Britain.

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Iowa
Iowa (ⁱ/ˈaɪ.əwə/) is a state located in the Midwestern United States, an area often referred to as the "American Heartland". It derives its name from the Ioway people, one of the many American Indian tribes that occupied the state at the time of European exploration. Iowa was a part of the French colony of New France. After the Louisiana Purchase, settlers laid the foundation for an agriculture-based economy in the heart of the Corn Belt. Iowa is often known as the "Food Capital of the World".
In the latter half of the 20th century, Iowa's agricultural economy transitioned to a diversified economy of advanced manufacturing, processing, financial services, biotechnology, and green energy production. Iowa is the 26th most extensive and the 30th most populous of the 50 United States. Its capital and largest city is Des Moines. Iowa has been listed as one of the safest states to live in.
Iowa is bordered by the Mississippi River on the east; the Missouri River and the Big Sioux River on the west; the northern boundary is a line along 43 degrees, 30 minutes north latitude. The southern border is the Des Moines River and a not-quite-straight line along approximately 40 degrees 35 minutes north, as decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in Missouri v. Iowa after a standoff between Missouri and Iowa known as the Honey War.

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Manitoba
Manitoba ⁱ/ˌmænəˈtoʊbə/ is a Canadian prairie province. The province, with an area of 649,950 square kilometres (250,900 sq mi), has a largely continental climate because of its flat topography. Agriculture, mostly concentrated in the fertile southern and western parts of the province, is vital to the province's economy; other major industries are transportation, manufacturing, mining, forestry, energy, and tourism.
Manitoba's capital and largest city, Winnipeg, is Canada's eighth-largest Census Metropolitan Area, and home to 60 percent of the population of the province. Winnipeg is the seat of government, home to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba and the highest court in the jurisdiction, the Manitoba Court of Appeal. Four of the province's five universities, all four of its professional sports teams, and most of its cultural activities are located in Winnipeg.
Fur traders first arrived during the late 17th century. Manitoba became a province of Canada in 1870 after the Red River Rebellion. A general strike took place in Winnipeg in 1919, and the province was hit hard by the Great Depression. This led to the creation of what would become the New Democratic Party of Manitoba, one of the province's major political parties and currently in power, led by premier Greg Selinger.

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Minnesota
Minnesota (ⁱ/mɪnɨˈsoʊtə/) is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. Minnesota was carved out of the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory and admitted to the Union as the thirty-second state on May 11, 1858. Known as the "Land of 10,000 Lakes", the state's name comes from a Dakota word for "sky-tinted water". Those waters, together with forests, parks, and wilderness areas, offer residents and tourists a variety of outdoor recreational opportunities.
Minnesota is the 12th most extensive and the 21st most populous of the U.S. states. Nearly 60% of its residents live in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area (known as the "Twin Cities"), the center of transportation, business, industry and education and home to an internationally known arts community. The remainder of the state consists of western prairies now given over to intensive agriculture; deciduous forests in the southeast, now cleared, farmed and settled; and the less populated North Woods, used for mining, forestry, and recreation.

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Minnesota River
The Minnesota River is a tributary of the Mississippi River, approximately 332 miles (534 km) long, in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It drains a watershed of nearly 17,000 square miles (44,000 km²), 14,751 square miles (38,200 km²) in Minnesota and about 2,000 sq mi (5,200 km²) in South Dakota and Iowa.
It rises in southwestern Minnesota, in Big Stone Lake on the Minnesota–South Dakota border just south of the Laurentian Divide at the Traverse Gap portage. It flows southeast to Mankato, then turns northeast. It joins the Mississippi south of the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul, near the historic Fort Snelling. The valley is one of several distinct regions of Minnesota. Of Lakota language origin, the name Minnesota means "sky-tinted water or cloudy-sky water", from mní (often transcribed as "minne" or "mini") meaning "water" and sóta meaning "sky-tinted" or "cloudy sky", and, refers to the milky-brown color its waters take on when at flood stage. An illustration of the meaning of these words was shown by dropping a little milk into water. For over a century prior to the organization of the Minnesota Territory in 1849, the name St. Pierre (St. Peter) had been generally applied to the river by French and English explorers and writers. Minnesota River is shown on the 1757 edition of Mitchell Map as "Ouadebameniſsouté [Watpá Mnísota] or R. St. Peter". On June 19, 1852, acting upon a request from the Minnesota territorial legislature, the United States Congress decreed the aboriginal name for the river, Minnesota, to be the river’s official name and ordered all agencies of the federal government to use that name when referencing it.

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Montana
Montana (ⁱ/mɒnˈtænə/) is a state in the Western United States. The western third of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges. Smaller "island ranges" are found in the central third of the state, for a total of 77 named ranges that are part of the Rocky Mountains. This geographical fact is reflected in the state's name, derived from the Spanish word montaña (mountain). Montana has several nicknames, none official, including: "Big Sky Country" and "The Treasure State", and slogans that include "Land of the Shining Mountains" and more recently, "The Last Best Place". Montana is the 4th-most extensive, but the 7th-least populous and the 3rd-least densely populated of the 50 United States. The economy is primarily based on services, with ranching, wheat farming, oil and coal mining in the east, and lumber, tourism, and hard rock mining in the west. Millions of tourists annually visit Glacier National Park, the Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument, and three of the five entrances to Yellowstone National Park.

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Montana Territory
The Territory of Montana was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 28, 1864, until November 8, 1889, when it was admitted to the Union as the State of Montana.
The Montana Territory was organized out of the existing Idaho Territory by Act of Congress and signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on May 26, 1864. The areas east of the Continental Divide had been previously part of the Nebraska Territory and Dakota Territory and had been acquired by the United States in the Louisiana Purchase.
The territory also included a portion of the Idaho Territory west of the continental divide and east of the Bitterroot Range, which had been acquired by the United States in the Oregon Treaty, and originally included in the Oregon Territory. The part of the Oregon Territory that became part of Montana had been split off as part of the Washington Territory.
The boundary between the Washington Territory and Dakota Territory was the Continental Divide (as shown on the 1861 map), however the boundary between the Idaho Territory and the Montana Territory followed the Bitterroot Range north of 46°30'N (as shown on the 1864 map). Popular legend says a drunken survey party followed the wrong mountain ridge and mistakenly moved the boundary west into the Bitterroot Range.

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Nebraska
Nebraska (ⁱ/nəˈbræskə/) is a state on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States. Its state capital is Lincoln and its largest city is Omaha, on the Missouri River.
The state is crossed by many historic trails, but it was the California Gold Rush that first brought large numbers here, and it became a state in 1867. Certain landmarks still compete for the notional distinction 'Where the West Begins'.
There are wide variations between winter and summer temperatures, and violent thunderstorms and tornadoes are common. The state is characterized by treeless prairie, ideal for cattle-grazing, and it is a major producer of beef, as well as pork, maize and soybeans. Nebraska is overwhelmingly rural, as the 8th least-densely populated state of the United States.
Ethnically, the largest group are German-Americans, and the state has the biggest Czech-American population per head. During the Great Migration, many African Americans came to Omaha, and they continue to campaign for improved conditions. More recently, Native American activism has increased, with a drive for self-determination in a climate of co-operation with state officials on regional issues. It is traditionally a Republican-voting state.

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North Dakota
North Dakota (ⁱ/ˌnɔrθ dəˈkoʊtə/) is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States, along the Canadian border. The state is bordered by Manitoba and Saskatchewan to the north, Minnesota to the east, South Dakota to the south and Montana to the west. North Dakota is the 19th most extensive, but the 3rd least populous and the 4th least densely populated of the 50 United States. North Dakota was created from the northern portion of the Dakota Territory and admitted to the Union on November 2, 1889, simultaneously with South Dakota.
The state capital is Bismarck and the largest city is Fargo. The primary public universities are located in Grand Forks and Fargo. The U.S. Air Force operates air bases at Minot AFB and Grand Forks AFB.
For more than a decade, the state has had a strong economy, with unemployment lower than the national average, job and population growth, and low housing vacancies. Much of the growth has been based on development of the Bakken oil shale fields in the western part of the state, but it has also had growth in the technology and service sectors. Flooding in June 2011 has caused extensive damage to Minot and threatened Bismarck, the capital city.

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Ohio
Ohio (ⁱ/oʊˈhaɪ.oʊ/) is a state in the Midwestern United States. Ohio is the 34th most extensive, the 7th most populous, and the 10th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state's capital and largest city is Columbus.
The name "Ohio" originated from Iroquois word ohi-yo’, meaning "great river". The state, originally partitioned from the Northwest Territory, was admitted to the Union as the 17th state (and the first under the Northwest Ordinance) on March 1, 1803. Although there are conflicting narratives regarding the origin of the nickname, Ohio is historically known as the "Buckeye State" (relating to the Ohio buckeye tree) and Ohioans are also known as "Buckeyes".
The government of Ohio is composed of the executive branch, led by the Governor; the legislative branch, which comprises the Ohio General Assembly; and the judicial branch, which is led by the Supreme Court. Currently, Ohio occupies 18 seats in the United States House of Representatives. Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections.

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Powder River Country
The Powder River Country refers to an area of the Great Plains in northeastern Wyoming in the United States. The area is loosely defined between the Bighorn Mountains and the Black Hills, in the upper drainage areas of the Powder, Tongue, and Little Bighorn rivers.
During the late 1860s, the area was the scene of Red Cloud's War between the Lakota and the United States. The Lakota victory in the war resulted in the preservation of their control of the area for the next decade.
After control fell to the U.S. government in 1870s following the end of the Great Sioux War of 1876-77, the area was opened to white settlement, one of the last such areas opened for homesteading in the continental United States. In 1892, the area was the scene of the Johnson County War between land barons and European immigrants. The conflict was depicted in the 1981 movie Heaven's Gate.
In the early 20th century, the discovery of petroleum in the area led to the development of the area's oil fields.

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Republic of Lakotah
The Republic of Lakotah or Lakotah is a proposed country in North America to serve as a homeland for the Lakota.
Its boundaries would be surrounded by the borders of the United States, covering thousands of square miles in North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Wyoming, and Montana. The proposed borders are those of the 1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie between the United States government and the Lakota.
A group of Native Americans called the Lakota Freedom Delegation traveled to Washington, D.C., on 17 December 2007 and delivered a statement asserting the independence of the Lakota from the United States. The group argues that the recent declaration of independence is not a secession from the USA, but rather a reassertion of sovereignty. Their leader is Russell Means, one of the prominent members of the American Indian Movement in the late 1960s and 1970s.
The Lakota Freedom Delegation does not recognize tribal governments or presidents as recognized by the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs, sometimes referring to these groups as "stay-by-the-fort Indians".

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Santee River
The Santee River is a river in South Carolina in the United States, 143 miles (230 km) long. The Santee and its tributaries provide the principal drainage^[specify] and navigation for the central coastal plain of South Carolina, emptying into the Atlantic Ocean approximately 440 miles (708 km) from its farthest headwater on the Catawba River in North Carolina. Much of upper river is impounded as the expansive, horn-shaped Lake Marion reservoir, formed by the 8-mile (13 km)-long Santee Dam. It was built during the Great Depression of the 1930s as a Works Progress Administration (WPA) project to provide a major source of hydroelectric power for the state.
The Santee is formed in central South Carolina 25 miles (40 km) southeast of Columbia by the confluence of the Wateree and Congaree rivers. It flows southeast for 5 miles (8 km) before entering the northwest corner of Lake Marion, which stretches in a long wide arc to the southeast for approximately 30 miles (48 km) to Santee Dam. A navigable diversion canal first built in the 1970s at the southern tip of the lake connects to Lake Moultrie, a reservoir on the nearby Cooper River. The modern canal is operated by Santee Cooper as part of the larger hydroelectric project on both rivers. The dam was finished in 1941.

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Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan (ⁱ/səˈskætʃɨwən/ or /səˈskætʃɨwɑːn/) is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of 588,276 square kilometres (227,100 sq mi). Saskatchewan is bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota.
As of April 2011, the population of Saskatchewan was estimated at 1,053,960. Residents primarily live in the southern half of the province. Of the total population, 257,300 live in the province's largest city, Saskatoon, while 210,000 live in the provincial capital, Regina. Other major cities include Prince Albert, Moose Jaw, Yorkton, Swift Current and North Battleford.
Saskatchewan was first explored by Europeans in 1690 and settled in 1774, having also been inhabited for thousands of years by various indigenous groups. It became a province in 1905. Saskatchewan's current premier is Brad Wall and its lieutenant-governor is Vaughn Solomon Schofield. Its major industries are agriculture, mining, and energy. "In 1992, the federal and provincial governments signed a historic land claim agreement with Saskatchewan First Nations. Under the Agreement, the First Nations received money to buy land on the open market. As a result, about 761,000 acres have been turned into reserve land and many First Nations continue to invest their settlement dollars in urban areas", including Saskatoon.

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South Carolina
South Carolina (ⁱ/ˌsaʊθ kærəˈlaɪnə/) is a state in the Southeastern United States. It is bordered to the north by North Carolina; to the south and west by Georgia, located across the Savannah River; and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. Originally part of the Province of Carolina, the Province of South Carolina was one of the 13 colonies that declared independence from the British Crown during the American Revolution. The colony was originally named by King Charles II of England in honor of his father Charles I (Carolus being Latin for Charles). South Carolina was the 8th state to ratify the US Constitution and become a state which it did on May 23, 1788. South Carolina later became the first state to vote to secede from the Union which it did on December 20, 1860. It was readmitted to the United States on June 25, 1868.
South Carolina is the 40th most extensive and the 24th most populous of the 50 United States. South Carolina comprises 46 counties. The capital and largest city of the state is Columbia.

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South Dakota
South Dakota (ⁱ/ˌsaʊθ dəˈkoʊtə/) is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux American Indian tribes. South Dakota is the 17th most extensive, but the 5th least populous and the 5th least densely populated of the 50 United States. Once the southern portion of the Dakota Territory, South Dakota became a state on November 2, 1889. Pierre is the state capital and Sioux Falls, with a population of nearly 160,000, is South Dakota's largest city.
South Dakota is bordered by the states of North Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, Wyoming, and Montana. The state is bisected by the Missouri River, dividing South Dakota into two geographically and socially distinct halves, known to residents as "East River" and "West River". Eastern South Dakota is home to most of the state's population, and fertile soil in this area is used to grow a variety of crops. West of the Missouri, ranching is the predominant agricultural activity, and the economy is more dependent on tourism and defense spending.

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Spirit Lake Massacre
Coordinates: 43°25′N 95°06′W / 43.42°N 95.10°W / 43.42; -95.10
The Spirit Lake Massacre (March 8–12, 1857) was an attack by a Wahpetuke band of Santee Sioux on scattered Iowa frontier settlements during a severe winter. Suffering a shortage of food, the renegade chief Inkpaduta (Scarlet Point) led 14 Sioux against the settlements near Okoboji and Spirit lakes in the northwestern territory of Iowa near the Minnesota border. The Sioux killed 35-40 settlers in their scattered holdings, took four young women captive, and headed north. The youngest captive, Abbie Gardner, was kept a few months before being ransomed in early summer. It was the last Native American attack on settlers in Iowa, but the events increased tensions between the Sioux and settlers in the Minnesota Territory. Nearly 30 years after the events, in 1885 Gardner-Sharp published her memoir, History of the Spirit Lake Massacre and Captivity of Miss Abbie Gardner, whose popularity led to reprinting several editions. It was one of the last captivity narratives written of European Americans' being held by Native Americans. Gardner-Sharp sold the book at the tourist site she operated at her cabin for 30 years after buying it back in 1891. The town erected a memorial, and the state now maintains the park and Abbie Gardner Sharp home site.

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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km²) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.

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Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln ⁱ/ˈeɪbrəhæm ˈlɪŋkən/ (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. He successfully led his country through its greatest constitutional, military and moral crisis – the American Civil War – preserving the Union while ending slavery, and promoting economic and financial modernization. Reared in a poor family on the western frontier, Lincoln was mostly self-educated. He became a country lawyer, a Whig Party leader, Illinois state legislator in the 1830s, and a one-term member of the United States House of Representatives in the 1840s. After a series of debates in 1858 that gave national visibility to his opposition to the expansion of slavery, Lincoln lost a Senate race to his arch-rival Stephen A. Douglas. Lincoln, a moderate from a swing state, secured the Republican Party nomination. With almost no support in the South he swept the North and was elected president in 1860. His election was the signal for seven southern slave states to declare their secession from the Union and form the Confederate States of America. The departure of the Southerners gave Lincoln's party firm control of Congress, but no formula for compromise or reconciliation was found. And the war came.

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Algonquian languages
The Algonquian languages ( /ælˈɡɒŋkwiən/ or /ælˈɡɒŋkiən/; also Algonkian) are a subfamily of Native American languages which includes most of the languages in the Algic language family. The name of the Algonquian language family is distinguished from the orthographically similar Algonquin dialect of the Ojibwe language, which is a member of the Algonquian language family. The term "Algonquin" has been suggested to derive from the Maliseet word elakómkwik (pronounced [ɛlæˈɡomoɡwik]), "they are our relatives/allies". Most Algonquian languages are extremely endangered today, with few native speakers. A number of the languages have already become extinct.
Speakers of Algonquian languages stretch from the east coast of North America all the way to the Rocky Mountains. The proto-language from which all of the languages of the family descend, Proto-Algonquian, was spoken at least 3,000 years ago. There is no scholarly consensus as to the territory where this language was spoken. For information on the peoples speaking Algonquian languages, see Algonquian peoples.

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American Horse
Wašíčuŋ Tȟašúŋke or American Horse (1840 – December 16, 1908) was a chieftain of the Oglala Lakota during the Sioux Wars of the 1870s. He was also the nephew of the elder American Horse and son-in-law of Red Cloud. He signed treaties with the U.S. Government, fought with Crazy Horse during Red Cloud's War, toured with Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show, and advocated for education.
Son of Sitting Bear, the leader of True Oglalas, was born near the mouth of the Grand River, North Dakota. He succeeded his father as band leader and due to this valor and importance was elected one of four Shirt Wearers (along with He Dog, Crazy Horse, Young Man Afraid Of His Horses) in 1868. American Horse, nicknamed Spider, became known as one of the Oglala agency chiefs, when he joined Red Cloud in 1871. In 1881 the US Indian Agent made him the leader of the Bear People (Payaba, Tapisleca, and Kiyuksa bands). Representing his tribe, American Horse was one of the signers of a treaty between the Sioux and the United States government in 1887 in which the lands of the Sioux Reservation in the Dakota Territory was reduced by half. However, with the opposition against the treaty by over half of the Oglala, encouraged by the Ghost Dance uprising as well as the recent death of Sitting Bull, withdrew from the council and, led by Spotted Elk, prepared to make a stand against the Federal government. However they were later persuaded by American Horse to agree to the terms of the treaty and letter settled on the Pine Ridge Reservation. A more literal translation of his Lakota name (Wašíčuŋ Tȟašúŋke) is He-Has-A-White-Man's-Horse.

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Andrew Myrick
Andrew J. Myrick (May 28, 1832 – August 18, 1862), was a trader with an Indian wife who operated a store in southwest Minnesota near the Minnesota River in the late part of his life.
Myrick worked at the Lower Sioux Agency to the southeast. When another group of Indians appeared at the Lower Sioux stores on August 15, Indian Agent Thomas Galbraith wouldn't let them take any food since they didn't have any money. Payments to the Indians had not been made, partly because of delays caused by the American Civil War. When the tribesmen appealed to Myrick to allow them to take food on credit, he said, "So far as I am concerned, if they are hungry let them eat grass or their own dung." He made this retort while involved in a confrontation between Dakota tribesmen, the United States government, and other traders. His comment is considered an inciting factor in the Sioux Uprising that began shortly thereafter.
In the summer of 1862, eastern bands of Sioux Native Americans were living in a reservation along the southern bank of the Minnesota River. Two agencies were established to distribute food and other supplies to the Indians. In a meeting at the Upper Sioux Agency on August 4, the local agent for the Bureau of Indian Affairs directed food to be released^{[citation needed]} in order to alleviate hunger among a community that was dealing with food shortages. Within days, the Sioux Uprising began, leading to hundreds of deaths across southwest Minnesota. Myrick was killed on the second day of fighting at the Battle of Lower Sioux Agency as Dakota warriors took revenge at the agency settlement. When his body was found days later, it was discovered that grass had been stuffed in his mouth and stomach.^{[citation needed]}

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Assiniboine people
The Assiniboines or Assiniboins ( /əˈsɪnɨbɔɪnz/; Ojibwe: Asinaan, "stone Sioux"; also in plural Assiniboine or Assiniboin), also known as the Hohe and known by the endonym Nakota (or Nakoda or Nakona), are a Siouan Native American/First Nations people originally from the Northern Great Plains of the United States and Canada. In modern times, they have been based in present-day Saskatchewan; they have also populated parts of Alberta, southwestern Manitoba, northern Montana and western North Dakota. They were well known throughout much of the late 18th and early 19th century. Images of Assiniboine people were painted by such 19th-century artists as Karl Bodmer and George Catlin.
The Assiniboine have many similarities to the Lakota Sioux in culture and language. They are considered to have separated from the central sub-group of the Sioux nation. Scholars believe that the Assiniboine broke away from Yanktonai Dakota in the 16th century.
They are more closely linked by language to the Stoney First Nations people of Alberta. The latter two tribes speak varieties of Nakóda, a distant, but not mutually intelligible, variant of the Sioux language.

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Barbarian
Barbarian and savage are terms used to refer to a person who is perceived to be uncivilized. The word is often used either in a general reference to a member of a nation or ethnos, typically a tribal society as seen by an urban civilization either viewed as inferior, or admired as a noble savage. In idiomatic or figurative usage, a "barbarian" may also be an individual reference to a brutal, cruel, warlike, insensitive person.
The term originates from the Greek civilization, meaning "anyone who is not Greek". In ancient times, Greeks used it for the people of the Persian Empire; in the early modern period and sometimes later, they used it for the Turks, in a clearly pejorative way. Comparable notions are found in non-European civilizations. In the Roman empire, barbarian was meant as "anyone not educated in Roman ways".
The Ancient Greek word βάρβαρος (barbaros), "barbarian", was an antonym for πολίτης (politis) "citizen," from polis "city-state." The sound of barbaros onomatopoetically evokes the image of babbling (a person speaking a non-Greek language). The earliest attested form of the word is the Mycenaean Greek pa-pa-ro, written in Linear B syllabic script.

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Big Eagle
Big Eagle (Dakota: Waŋbdí Tháŋka, c. 1827-1906) was the leader of a band of Mdewakanton Dakota Sioux in Minnesota. In 1862 he and his band joined Taoyateduta and took part in a Sioux uprising. He eventually surrendered.
Waŋbdí Tháŋka, also known as Jerome Big Eagle, was born in 1827 at Black Dog village, in present-day Eagan, Minnesota. His succeeded his father, Máza Ȟóta (Grey Iron) in 1857. He along with the other chiefs and headmen went to Washington in 1858 on treaty business. In the spring of 1862, Wamditanka, Little Crow and Traveling Hail were candidates for Speaker of the Mdewakanton tribe which Traveling Hail won.
Big Eagle lead his band at the second battles of New Ulm and Fort Ridgley and also Birch Coulee and Wood Lake.
The photograph of Big Eagle was taken in Davenport during the summer of 1864. W. W. Hathaway, then the assistant commissary at Camp Kearney (the Indian Stockade, at Camp McClellen, Davenport) described the circumstances of making the File:
"I was also a personal friend of Big Eagle, the chief of the tribe confined in the pen. An amusing incident arose during the summer when I tried to get a photograph of the old chief. There was a mulatto named Jack confined with the Indians and he conspired with me to get the old brave to sit for a picture. Accordingly Big Eagle put on all his finery and paraphernalia and we went down to the studio of a photographer who had opened up his place of business down on the river road at the end of what is still known as “Hog’s Back Ridge.” Everything went well until we neared the place when Big Eagle began to remove his finery. We asked him what the trouble was and he said he would not pose unless we paid him $15" (Davenport Weekly Democrat, September 28, 1905).

wn.com/Big_Eagle
Billy Mills
William Mervin Mills or "Billy" Mills, also known as Makata Taka Hela (born June 30, 1938), is the second Native American to win an Olympic gold medal. He accomplished this feat in the 10,000 meter run at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, becoming the only American ever to win the Olympic gold in this event. His 1964 victory is considered one of the greatest of Olympic upsets. A former United States Marine, Billy Mills is a member of the Oglala Lakota (Sioux) Tribe.
William Mervin Mills was born in Pine Ridge, South Dakota, and was raised on the impoverished Pine Ridge Indian Reservation for Oglala Sioux people. He was orphaned when he was twelve years old and was raised by his grandmother. Mills took up running while attending the Haskell Institute, which is now known as Haskell Indian Nations University in Lawrence, Kansas. Both a boxer and a runner in his youth, Mills gave up boxing to focus on running.
He attended the University of Kansas on an athletic scholarship. He was named a NCAA All-America cross-country runner three times and in 1960 he won the individual title in the Big Eight cross-country championship. The University of Kansas track team won the 1959 and 1960 outdoor national championships while Mills was on the team.

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Black Elk
Heȟáka Sápa (Black Elk) (December 1863-August 19, 1950) was a famous Wičháša Wakȟáŋ (Medicine Man or Holy Man) of the Oglala Lakota (Sioux). He was Heyoka and a second cousin of Crazy Horse.
Black Elk said that during his life, he had several visions in which he learned things that would help his people. In his "great vision," at the age of nine, he said he met the spirit that guided the universe and saw a great tree that symbolized the life of the earth and of the Indian people. He did not speak of this to anyone until he was much older, but his family apparently understood he was clairvoyant after his supposed "illness".
Black Elk was involved in several battles with the U.S. cavalry. He participated, at about the age of twelve, in the Battle of Little Big Horn of 1876, and was injured in the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890.
In 1887, Black Elk traveled to England with Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show, an unpleasant experience he described in chapter 20 of Black Elk Speaks. On May 11, 1887, the troop put on a command performance for Queen Victoria, whom they called "Grandmother England." He also described being in the crowd at her Golden Jubilee. He and Red Shirt officiated Surrounded By the Enemy's funeral in London. The interment was at Brompton Cemetery.

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Buffalo Bill
William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody (February 26, 1846 – January 10, 1917) was an American soldier, bison hunter and showman. He was born in the Iowa Territory (now the U.S. state of Iowa), in Le Claire but lived several years in Canada before his family moved to the Kansas Territory. Buffalo Bill received the Medal of Honor in 1872 for service to the US Army as a scout. One of the most colorful figures of the American Old West, Buffalo Bill became famous for the shows he organized with cowboy themes, which he toured in Great Britain and Europe as well as the United States.
William Frederick Cody ("Buffalo Bill") got his nickname after the American Civil War when he had a contract to supply Kansas Pacific Railroad workers with buffalo meat. Cody earned the nickname by killing 4,280 American bison (commonly known as buffalo) in eighteen months, (1867–1868).Bill Comstock also had the nickname. Cody and Comstock competed in a buffalo-shooting match over the exclusive right to use the name, which Cody won by killing 69 bison to Comstock's 48.

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Charles Eastman
Charles Alexander Eastman (born Hakadah and later named Ohíye S’a; February 19, 1858 – January 8, 1939) was a Native American physician, writer, national lecturer, and reformer. He was of Santee Sioux and Anglo-American ancestry. Active in politics and issues on American Indian rights, he worked to improve the lives of youths, and founded 32 Native American chapters of the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA). He also helped found the Boy Scouts of America. He is considered the first Native American author to write American history from the native point of view.
Eastman was named Hakadah at his birth, the translations from Dakota to English being "pitiful last". Eastman was so named because his mother died following his birth. He was the last of five children of Wakantakawin, a mixed-race woman also known as Mary Nancy Eastman. Eastman's father, a Santee Sioux named Wak-anhdi Ota (Many Lightnings), lived on a Dakota (Santee Sioux) reservation near Redwood Falls, Minnesota.
Eastman's mother was the daughter of U.S. Army officer and illustrator Seth Eastman, and Wakháŋ Inážiŋ Wiŋ (Stands Sacred), who married in 1830. Eastman was posted to Fort Snelling, near what is now Minneapolis, and married the fifteen-year-old daughter of Cloud Man, a Dakotah (Santee Sioux) chief. Seth Eastman was reassigned from Fort Snelling in 1832, soon after the birth of Winona (meaning First-born daughter). He declared his marriage ended when he left, as was typical of many European-American men. Winona was later called Wakantakawin.

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Chaske Spencer
Chaske Spencer (pronounced Chas-Kay; born March 9, 1975) is an American actor of Native American heritage.
Spencer was born in Tahlequah, Oklahoma and grew up in Montana, Kooskia, Lapwai, and Lewiston, Idaho. His heritage includes Lakota, Nez Perce, Cherokee, Creek, French, and Dutch; he is a member of the Fort Peck Tribe, and has two younger sisters. He graduated from Clearwater Valley High School in 1994, where he went by the name James Spencer, and acted as a young teen at the Lewiston Civic Theater. Spencer went to college at Lewis Clark State College for a year before dropping out to pursue his acting career.
He struggled doing odd jobs and taking lessons from coaches like David Gideon and Ed Kovens. Then he got a role in the 2002 film Skins, which then lead to Dreamkeeper, and Into the West.
In 2009, Spencer played werewolf Sam Uley in New Moon, based on Stephenie Meyer's novel of the same name. He finished filming Eclipse in October 2009, reprising his role as Sam.
He is a recovering alcoholic and drug addict. He celebrated his one-year anniversary of being sober when he signed his contract for New Moon.

wn.com/Chaske_Spencer
Chief Tamaha
Chief Standing Moose or more commonly as Chief Tamaha (c. 1776-1864) was a Mdewakanton Sioux. Born near Winona, Minnesota, he lost an eye in an accident as a child so he was called "Tamaha" ("One eye") in the Dakota language, which the French called him "Le Borgne", or "One Eye." English picked up the name as "the One-eyed Sioux."
In 1806 and 1807, Tamaha became a friend of U.S. Army lieutenant Zebulon M. Pike and was one of the Sioux leaders who supported the United States in the War of 1812. He retained his loyalty even after his capture by the British, during which he refused to divulge information about the Americans on pain of death (a threat which turned out to be a bluff). Because of his loyalty to America, Tamaha was presented a Peace Medal and Loyalty papers by William Clarke. These papers can be seen at the Minnesota History Center. Tamaha carried these papers with him and would charge people to see them.
Tamaha was known as a powerful orator and a diplomat of unusual ability. Wearing his trademark stovepipe hat, he managed to maintain amicable relations between whites and Indians. Before the Dakota War of 1862 Chief Tamaha stood before Little Crow and advised him he not go to war against the whites. This speech can be found in Indian Heroes and Great Chieftains by Charles Eastman.Tamaha did not die in 1860, he died in 1864 after the Dakota War. According to Charles Eastman he died at Fort Pierre S.D.

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Chief War Eagle
War Eagle was born in Minnesota or Wisconsin in around 1785. His Dakota name was (Dakota: Waŋbdí Okíčhize). He had left his own tribe, the Santee, to avoid bloodshed in a fight as to who would be chief. As a young man, War Eagle spent considerable time working among the white Americans. During the War of 1812 he carried messages for the United States government, and worked among the native peoples to promote the cause of the United States against the British. He worked as a river guide on the upper Mississippi and also served as a messenger for the American Fur Company on the Missouri. After marrying in Minnesota around 1830, he was adopted into the Yankton Sioux tribe. He and his wife had four girls and three boys. By the mid-1830s, he had been elected as a chief of the tribe, and traveled to Washington, D.C. with other tribal leaders to negotiate peace treaties. War Eagle was especially proud of a silver Peace Medal given to him by President Martin Van Buren in 1837. Two of his daughters, Dawn and Blazing Cloud, married Theophile Bruguier, a trader with the American Fur Company who had also been accepted into the Yankton tribe and had traveled with them for several years. According to one tradition, Bruguier told War Eagle about a dream he had of a place where two mighty rivers joined near a high bluff. War Eagle told Bruguier he had been to that place and would show it to him. In fact, both men had likely passed by this place many times in their fur trading voyages between St. Louis, Missouri and Fort Pierre. Bruguier claimed the land near the confluence of the Big Sioux and Missouri rivers. In 1849, he built a log cabin, and with his two wives homesteaded the land and traded with the Indians. This homestead is considered the first white settlement in what would shortly become Sioux City, Iowa. In the fall of 1851 War Eagle died and was buried on top of the high bluff overlooking the confluence of the Big Sioux and Missouri. Other members of his family are also buried there, including Dawn and Blazing Cloud. Today the bluff is part of War Eagle Park in Sioux City. An impressive monument honors the great chief, and depicts him with the eagle feather bonnet and calumet/peace pipe, symbolizing his brave leadership and his love of peace. Housing projects on the east base of the bluff also bear his name.

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Crazy Horse
Crazy Horse (Lakota: Tȟašúŋke Witkó (in Standard Lakota Orthography), literally "His-Horse-Is-Crazy" or "His-Horse-Is-Spirited"; ca. 1840 – September 5, 1877) was a Native American war leader of the Oglala Lakota. He took up arms against the U.S. Federal government to fight against encroachments on the territories and way of life of the Lakota people, including leading a war party at the Battle of the Little Bighorn in June 1876.
After surrendering to U.S. troops under General Crook in 1877, Crazy Horse was fatally wounded by a military guard while allegedly resisting imprisonment at Camp Robinson in present-day Nebraska. He ranks among the most notable and iconic of Native American tribal members and has been honored by the U.S. Postal Service with a 13¢ Great Americans series postage stamp.
Sources differ on the precise year of Crazy Horse's birth, but they agree he was born between 1840 and 1845. According to a close friend, he and Crazy Horse "were both born in the same year at the same season of the year", which census records and other interviews place at about 1845.Encouraging Bear, an Oglala medicine man and spiritual adviser to the Oglala war leader, reported that Crazy Horse was born "in the year in which the band to which he belonged, the Oglala, stole One Hundred Horses, and in the fall of the year", a reference to the annual Lakota calendar or winter count. Among the Oglala winter counts, the stealing of 100 horses is noted by Cloud Shield, and possibly by American Horse and Red Horse owner, as equivalent to the year 1840-41. Oral history accounts from relatives on the Cheyenne River Reservation place his birth in the spring of 1840. On the evening of his son's death, the elder Crazy Horse told Lieutenant H. R. Lemly that his son "would soon have been thirty-seven, having been born on the South Cheyenne river in the fall of 1840".

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Ed McGaa
Ed McGaa (born Pine Ridge Indian Reservation) is a member of the Oglala Lakota, and American author.
He received his Bachelor's degree from St. John's University, earned a law degree from the University of South Dakota, and has studied under Chief Eagle Feather and Chief Fool's Crow, Sioux holy men. He participated six times in the Sun Dance ceremony.
He served in the Marines in Korea. He served as a fighter pilot in the Marine Corps in Vietnam, flying 110 combat missions, receiving 8 Air Medals and 2 Crosses of Gallantry, and was recommended for a Distinguished Flying Cross.

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Eddie Little Sky
Eddie Little Sky (August 15, 1926 — September 5, 1997), also known as Edward Little, was a Native American actor of the Oglala Sioux tribe. He had parts in 36 feature films and over 60 television shows, mainly westerns in the role of a Native American. He was one of the first Native American actors to play Indian roles and is best remembered for his performance as Black Eagle in the 1970 film A Man Called Horse.^{[citation needed]}
Little Sky was born as Edsel Wallace Little on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in Shannon County, South Dakota to Oglala Sioux parents Edsel Wallace Little, Sr. and Wileminna Colhoff. He attended the Holy Rosary Indian Mission school as a child. After leaving the United States Navy where he had served in the Pacific during World War II, he began working the rodeo circuit as a bull rider and bareback rider.^{[citation needed]}
Following his work on the film Chief Crazy Horse, Audie Murphy encouraged Little Sky to become a professional actor; thus Little Sky, along with Jay Silverheels and Chief Dan George became one of the first Native Americans to play Indian roles in films. Hollywood normally used white actors wearing black wigs and dark make-up to play the parts of Indians. His first television role was on the series The Iron Trail, and from the time onwards, Little Sky had numerous roles in many Western television series such as Gunsmoke, The Rifleman, The Virginian, Bonanza, Daniel Boone and The High Chaparral; he also played in many films such as The Light in the Forest, Paint Your Wagon, Duel at Diablo, Breakheart Pass, but he is chiefly remembered for his performance as Black Eagle in the 1970 film A Man Called Horse which starred Irish actor Richard Harris. He was also technical adviser for Soldier Blue. He played the Witch Doctor in a Gilligan's Island episode.

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Eddie Spears
Eddie Spears (born November 29, 1982) is an American actor. He is a member of the Kul Wicasa Oyate Lakota (often called "Sioux") Lower Brulé Tribe of South Dakota.
He has 5 brothers and 1 sister. His older brother Michael is also an actor.
Spears has been in the spotlight since age 10 starting with his first role in TNT's production of Geronimo. It was shot in Arizona.
According to him, his most rewarding role to date was Shane Chasing Horse in Dreamkeeper.
When he was cast for the lead in Black Cloud (2004), directed by Rick Schroder, he trained for three months with legendary boxing trainer Jimmy Gambia to perfect his boxing skills before filming started. The story is about a Navajo boxer training for the Golden Gloves with the promise of a spot at the Olympics while struggling with the secrets of his family's heritage. One of the scenes was filmed in Las Vegas during the 2003 Golden Gloves National Championship.
He attended and was a mentor at the 2nd annual HatcH audiovisual festival in Bozeman, Montana in October 2005. HatcH is a film and arts festival whose mission is to provide mentorship, education, inspiration, and recognition to the next generation of creative innovators.

wn.com/Eddie_Spears
First Nations
First Nations is a term that collectively refers to various Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis. There are currently over 630 recognized First Nations governments or bands spread across Canada, roughly half of which are in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia. The total population is nearly 700,000 people. Under the Employment Equity Act, First Nations are a "designated group", along with women, visible minorities, and persons with physical or mental disabilities. They are not defined as a visible minority under the Act or by the criteria of Statistics Canada.
The term First Nations (most often used in the plural) has come into general use for the indigenous peoples of the Americas located in what is now Canada, except for the Arctic-situated Inuit, and peoples of mixed European-First Nations ancestry called Métis. The singular, commonly used on culturally politicized reserves, is the term First Nations person (when gender-specific, First Nations man or First Nations woman). A more recent trend is for members of various nations to refer to themselves by their tribal or national identity only, e.g., "I'm Haida," or "We're Kwantlens," in recognition of the distinctiveness of First Nations ethnicities.

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Great Sioux Nation
The Great Sioux Nation is a general term sometimes applied to the Sioux. The Great Sioux Nation is divided into three linguistically and regionally based groups and several subgroups:

The term "Great Sioux Nation" is also sometimes applied to a hypothetical state in the western and midwestern United States, which would occupy the following recognized Indian Reservations:
The hypothetical state would also include the defunct Great Sioux reservation and other "unceded Indian territory" in four states, as well as parts of the following states:
Therefore, the theoretical Great Sioux Nation occupies only parts of the United States where Sioux tribes have some legal claim with regard to treaties with the Federal government. (See, e.g., Treaty of Fort Laramie and map of treaty land in External Links section, below.)
Historically, the Great Sioux Nation and the United States have had a turbulent relationship. The last great Indian battles, the Battle of Little Bighorn and the Wounded Knee Massacre, were fought between these two peoples.

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Illinois Jacquet
Jean-Baptiste Illinois Jacquet (October 31, 1922 - July 22, 2004) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist, best remembered for his solo on "Flying Home", critically recognized as the first R&B saxophone solo.
Although he was a pioneer of the honking tenor saxophone that became a regular feature of jazz playing and a hallmark of early rock and roll, Jacquet was a skilled and melodic improviser, both on up-tempo tunes and ballads. He doubled on the bassoon, one of only a few jazz musicians to use the instrument.
Jacquet was born to a Sioux mother and a Creole father in Broussard, Louisiana and moved to Houston, Texas, as an infant, and was raised there as one of six siblings. His father, Gilbert Jacquet, was a part-time bandleader. As a child he performed in his father's band, primarily on the alto saxophone. His older brother Russell Jacquet played trumpet and his brother Linton played drums.
At 15, Jacquet began playing with the Milton Larkin Orchestra, a Houston-area dance band. In 1939, he moved to Los Angeles, California, where he met Nat King Cole. Jacquet would sit in with the trio on occasion. In 1940, Cole introduced Jacquet to Lionel Hampton who had returned to California and was putting together a big band. Hampton wanted to hire Jacquet, but asked the young Jacquet to switch to tenor saxophone.

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Inkpaduta
Inkpaduta (Dakota: Iŋkpáduta, variously translated as "Red End," "Red Cap," or "Scarlet Point") (about 1797 – 1881 or 1882) was a war chief of the Santee Sioux during the 1857 Spirit Lake Massacre and the 1862 Dakota War against the United States Army in Minnesota and the Dakota Territory.
Inkpaduta was born in what later became the Dakota Territory shortly before the turn of the 19th century, the son of chief Wamdisapa. As a child he contracted smallpox, which killed several of his relatives and family members. The disease left him badly scarred for life. After his father was later murdered in a tribal dispute, the band moved to Iowa, near present day Fort Dodge.
Inkpaduta and his band were not included in the treaty negotiations in 1851 that transferred the land in northwestern Iowa to the United States. They refused to recognize the treaty restrictions. In 1852, a drunken white whiskey trader killed the new chief (Inkpaduta's older brother) and nine of his family; and Inkpaduta succeeded his brother as chief. He told the U.S. Army of the murders, but little was done to bring the killer, Henry Lott, to justice. The local prosecuting attorney nailed the dead chief's head to a pole over his house.^{[citation needed]}

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Ishtakhaba
Ishtakhaba (Dakota: Ištáȟba), a.k.a. Chief Sleepy Eye, was a Native American chief of the Sisseton Sioux tribe. He was chief from sometime between 1822 and 1825 until his death in 1860. According to Warren Upham, "'Sleepy Eyes died in Roberts County, South Dakota, but many years after his death his remains were disinterred and removed to Sleepy Eye, Minnesota, where they were buried under a monument erected by the citizens.'" The monument, close to the railway station, bears this inscription beneath the portrait of the chief in bas-relief sculpture: 'Ish-tak-ha-ba, Sleepy Eye, Always a Friend of the Whites. Died 1860.'"
Ishtabkhaba tried to promote peace with whites in and around the state of Minnesota. He was a signer of at least four treaties with the United States government, and met with President James Monroe in Washington, D.C. in 1824.

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Jean Nicolet
Jean Nicolet (Nicollet) de Belleborne (ca. 1598 – 1 November 1642) was a French coureur des bois noted for exploring Green Bay in what is now the U.S. state of Wisconsin.
Nicolet (Nicollet) was born in Cherbourg, Coutances, Normandie, France, the son of Thomas Nicollet who was "messenger ordinary of the King between Paris and Cherbourg", and Marguerite de la Mer. He went to Canada in accordance with Samuel Champlain's plan to train young French men as explorers and traders by having them live among native Americans.
In 1618, Nicolet came to Quebec as a clerk to train as an interpreter for the Compagnie des Marchands, a trading monopoly owned by members of the French aristocracy. As an employee, Jean Nicolet was a devoted lay member of the Roman Catholic Church and a faithful supporter of the Ancien Régime.
On his arrival in Quebec, in order that he learn their language, he was sent to live with the Algonquins on Allumette Island, a friendly First Nation settlement on the important fur trade route on the Ottawa River. Nicolet returned to Quebec in 1635, but was then directed to go to the Lake Nipissing area where he spent more than eight years among the Nipissing First Nation, running a store and trading with the various indigenous people in the area.

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John Trudell
John Trudell (born February 15, 1946) is an American author, poet, actor, musician, and former political activist. He was the spokesperson for the United Indians of All Tribes' takeover of Alcatraz beginning in 1969, broadcasting as Radio Free Alcatraz. During most of the 1970s, he served as the chairman of the American Indian Movement, based in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
After his pregnant wife, three children and mother-in-law were killed in 1979 in a fire at the home of his parents-in-law on the Shoshone-Paiute Tribes Duck Valley Indian Reservation in Nevada, Trudell turned to writing, music and film as a second career. He acted in three films in the 1990s. The documentary Trudell (2005) was made about him and his life as an activist and artist.
Trudell was born in Omaha, Nebraska on February 15, 1946, as the son of a Santee Sioux father and a Mexican mother. He grew up in small towns near the Santee Sioux Reservation in northern Nebraska near the southwest corner of South Dakota. He was educated in local schools and also in Santee Sioux culture.

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Karl Bodmer
Karl Bodmer (6 February 1809 – 30 October 1893) was a Swiss painter of the American West. He accompanied German explorer Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied from 1832 through 1834 on his Missouri River expedition. He was hired as an artist by Maximilian with the specific intent of traveling through the American West and recording images of cities, rivers, towns and people they saw along the way, including many images of Native Americans along the Missouri and that region.
In his famous book chronicling the expedition, Maximilian Prince of Wied's Travels in the Interior of North America, the Prince wrote, "I had been indisposed, as well as my huntsman, since I left Louisville, and was not in a mood properly to appreciate the fine, lofty forests of Indiana, the road through which was very bad and rough."
Karl Bodmer was born on 6 February 1809 in Zurich, Switzerland. When he was thirteen years old, his mother’s brother, Johann Jakob Meier, became Bodmer's teacher. Meier was an artist, having studied under the well-known artists Heinrich Füssli and Gabriel Lory. Young Bodmer and his older brother, Rudolf, joined their uncle on artistic travels throughout their home country.

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Kim Winona
Kim Winona (October 10, 1930 — June 23, 1978) was a Native American actress. A Sioux Native American, Winona appeared with Keith Larsen in the CBS western television series Brave Eagle during 1955-1956 season.
Born in Nebraska as Constance Elaine Mackey, Winona was 25 years old when she landed the role of Morning Star, the beautiful romantic interest of Larsen's title role of Brave Eagle on Brave Eagle. A Roy Rogers production, Brave Eagle was the first series to present events from the view of the Native Indian protagonists.
Winona gave birth to two daughters, Migan in 1962 and Michelle in 1973. She died in June 1978 at the age of 47, reportedly at her own hand.

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Lakota people
The Lakota (pronounced [laˈkˣota]; also known as Teton, Titunwan ("prairie dwellers"),Teton Sioux ("snake, or enemy") are an indigenous people of the Great Plains. They are part of a confederation of seven related Sioux tribes,the Oceti Šakowiŋ or seven council fires, and speak Lakota, one of the three major dialects of the Sioux language.
The Lakota are the western-most of the three Sioux-language groups, occupying lands in both North and South Dakota. The seven bands or "sub-tribes" of the Lakota are:
Notable persons include Tataŋka Iyotake (Sitting Bull) from the Hunkpapa band; and Tašuŋke Witko (Crazy Horse) from the Oglala band, Maȟpiya Luta (Red Cloud), Heȟaka Sapa (Black Elk), Siŋte Gleška (Spotted Tail), Billy Mills and Touch the Clouds from the Oglala band.
Siouan language speakers may have originated in the lower Mississippi River region and then migrated to or originated in the Ohio Valley. They were agriculturalists and may have been part of the Mound Builder civilization during the 9th–12th centuries CE. In the late 16th and early 17th centuries, Dakota-Lakota-Nakota speakers lived in the upper Mississippi Region in present day Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, and the Dakotas. Conflicts with Anishnaabe and Cree peoples pushed the Lakota west onto the Great Plains in the mid- to late-17th century.

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Leonard Peltier
Leonard Peltier (born September 12, 1944) is a Native American activist and member of the American Indian Movement (AIM). In 1977 he was convicted and sentenced to two consecutive terms of life imprisonment for first degree murder in the shooting of two Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents during a 1975 conflict on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation.
Peltier's indictment and conviction is the subject of the 1992 documentary Incident at Oglala, a film directed by Michael Apted. Peltier has been identified as a political prisoner by certain activist groups. Amnesty International placed his case under the "Unfair Trials" category of its Annual Report: USA 2010 , citing concerns with the fairness of the proceedings. His murder conviction has survived appeals in various courts^{[citation needed]} over the years.
In 2002 and 2003, Paul DeMain, editor of News From Indian Country, wrote that sources had told him that Peltier had said he killed the FBI agents; DeMain withdrew his support for clemency. At the trials in 2004 and 2010 of two men indicted for the murder of Anna Mae Aquash in December 1975 at the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, prosecution witnesses testified that Peltier had told them and a small group of fugitive activists, including Aquash, that he had shot the two FBI agents. Peltier issued a statement in 2004 accusing one witness of perjury for her testimony and being a sellout. The two men charged in the murder of Aquash were convicted.

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Lone Horn
Lone Horn (Lakota: Heh-won-ge-chat or 'Ha-wón-je-tah), also called One Horn (November 16, 1790–October 15, 1875), born in present day South Dakota), was chief of the Minneconjou Lakota.
Lone Horn's sons were Spotted Elk (later known as Big Foot) and Touch the Clouds, and Crazy Horse was his nephew. He participated in the signing of the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868, which reads "Heh-won-ge-chat, his x mark, Lone Horn" Old Chief Smoke (1774–1864) was Lone Horn's maternal uncle.
Lone Horn died at Bear Butte in 1875 when he was killed by a bull buffalo he had run down. After Lone Horn's death, his brother adopted Spotted Elk, who eventually became chief of the Minneconjou and was killed along with his people at the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890.
In 1832, George Catlin painted Lone Horn, at Fort Pierre, South Dakota. Back East, Caitlin wrote this description of him:
A Lakota chief, thought to be Oglala, named Lone Horn or One Horn is recorded in Lakota winter counts. In 1834, he accidentally caused the death of his only, so, consumed by sorrow, he committed suicide by attacking a buffalo bull with knife on foot and was mangled to death.

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Luther Standing Bear
Luther Standing Bear (December 1868-February 20, 1939), aka Ota Kte (meaning Plenty Kill) or Mochunozhin, was a Native American writer and actor.
He was born on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota to an Oglala Lakota family and raised in the Sioux tradition. He was educated at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School, an Indian Boarding School in Pennsylvania, where their first tactic was to separate the Indians from their tribes by allowing them to choose a new name more congenial to American standards. Thus, Plenty Kill became Luther Standing Bear. He was among one of the first groups to attend Carlisle. After graduating, he operated a dry goods store at the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota until becoming a dancer and horseback rider for Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show. From the 1910s to the 1930s, he starred in Western films, including White Oak and Cyclone of the Saddle.
According to American interpretation, he inherited the position of "chief" to the Lakota peoples. In the Lakota vernacular, "wise man" or "leader" or "speaker of the people" is probably a nearer meaning since chief has more of a "ruler" connotation, and it is not clear that "chief" is how a Lakota would refer to any Lakota people. Linguistics is problematic as many words in the Sioux language cannot be easily reduced to what a term might mean in American English. Until recently, the Sioux languages have been confined to spoken word or oral traditions that can render different meanings according to how the word is said or even pronounced.

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Mandan
The Mandan are a Native American people living in North Dakota. They are enrolled in the Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota. About half of the Mandan still reside in the area of the reservation; the rest reside around the United States and in Canada.
The Mandan historically lived along the banks of the Missouri River and two of its tributaries—the Heart and Knife Rivers—in present-day North and South Dakota. Speakers of Mandan, a Siouan language, the people developed a settled culture in contrast to that of more nomadic tribes in the Great Plains region. They established permanent villages featuring large, round, earth lodges some 40 feet (12 m) in diameter, surrounding a central plaza. While the bison was key to the daily life of the Mandan, it was supplemented by agriculture and trade.
The Mandan population was 3,600 in the early 18th century. In 1836, there were over 1,600 fullblood Mandans, but this number was estimated to have dropped to 125 by 1838. In the 1990s, 6,000 people were enrolled in the Three Affiliated Tribes.

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Medicine man
"Medicine man" or "medicine woman" are English terms used to describe traditional healers and spiritual leaders among Native American and other indigenous or aboriginal peoples. Anthropologists tend to prefer the term "shaman," a specific term for a spiritual mediator from the Tungusic peoples of Siberia.
The primary function of these "medicine elders" (who are not always male) is to secure the help of the spirit world, including the Great Spirit (Wakan Tanka in the language of the Lakota Sioux), for the benefit of the entire community.
Sometimes the help sought may be for the sake of healing disease, sometimes it may be for the sake of healing the psyche, sometimes the goal is to promote harmony between human groups or between humans & nature. So the term "medicine man/woman" is not entirely inappropriate, but it greatly oversimplifies and also skews the depiction of the people whose role in society complements that of the chief. These people are not the Native American equivalent of the Chinese "barefoot doctors", herbalists, nor of the emergency medical technicians who ride rescue vehicles.

wn.com/Medicine_man
Michael Spears
Michael Spears (born December 28, 1977) is an American actor.
Spears was born in Lower Brulé Reservation, South Dakota to Native American parents. He is a member of the Sicangu Lakota (often called "Sioux") Lower Brule Tribe of South Dakota. He grew up on the Lower Brule Sioux Reservation until he was in fifth grade.
Spears's film credits include a major role as the character Dog Star in the 2005 Steven Spielberg-produced cable mini-series, Into the West, which aired on TNT.
His debut role as the child character Otter, in the Academy-Award-winning 1990 film Dances with Wolves, also earned him national notice at thirteen years old. By the age of 17, Spears had acted in both TV and film with some gifted performers, including Kevin Costner, Jimmy Smits and Kim Delaney. His younger brother Eddie Spears is also an actor, with both movie and TV credits.
Spears is an accomplished hand drum player and singer, often performing at native American "pow-wow" gatherings and in non-tribal venues (he was the opening act for Rita Coolidge and Friends at her 2005 concert in Great Falls, Montana). Michael often travels as a celebrity speaker concentrating on inspirational and educational topics including sustainable energy, and mentors youth in South Dakota. He works with his father and brother as part of the Inter-Tribal Group, whose goal is to encourage creation of "natural" sustainable energy sources.

wn.com/Michael_Spears
Nakota
The term Nakota (or Nakoda or also Nakona) is the endonym used by the native peoples of North America who usually go by the name of Assiniboine (or Hohe), in the United States, and of Stoney, in Canada.
They are Dakotan-speaking tribes that broke away from the main branches of the Sioux nation in earlier times. They moved farther from the original territory of present-day Minnesota into the northern and northwestern regions: Montana and North Dakota of the present-day United States and Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta of present-day Canada. Later they became competitors for resources and enemies of their former language-family "allies". (In each of the dialects, nakota, dakota and lakota means "friend" or "ally".)
Historically, scholars classified the tribes belonging to the Sioux nation (or Dakota in a broad sense) into three large language groups:
The Assiniboine had separated from what would be called the Nakota grouping at an early time. Their language, called Nakota, became more distinct and unintelligible to Lakota and Dakota speakers.

wn.com/Nakota
Pony Express
The Pony Express was a fast mail service crossing the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains, and the High Sierra from St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, from April 3, 1860 to October 1861. It became the west's most direct means of east-west communication before the telegraph and was vital for tying California closely with the Union just before the American Civil War.
The Pony Express was a mail delivery system of the Leavenworth & Pike's Peak Express Company of 1849 which in 1850 became the Central Overland California and Pikes Peak Express Company. This firm was founded by William H. Russell, Alexander Majors, and William B. Waddell all of whom were notable in the freighting business.
Patee House served as the Pony Express headquarters from 1860 to 1861. It is one block away from the home of infamous outlaw Jesse James, where he was shot and killed by Robert Ford.
This original fast mail 'Pony Express' service had messages carried by horseback riders in staged relays to stations (with fresh horses and riders) across the prairies, plains, deserts, and mountains of the Western United States. During its 18 months of operation, it reduced the time for messages to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts to about ten days, with telegraphic communication covering about half the distance across the continent and mounted couriers the rest.

wn.com/Pony_Express
Red Cloud
Red Cloud (Lakota: Maȟpíya Lúta), (1822 – December 10, 1909) was a war leader and a chief of the Oglala Lakota (Sioux). He led as a chief from 1868 to 1909. One of the most capable Native American opponents the United States Army faced, he led a successful campaign in 1866–1868 known as Red Cloud's War over control of the Powder River Country in northeastern Wyoming and southern Montana.
After signing the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868), he led his people in the important transition to reservation life. Some of his US opponents mistakenly thought of him as overall chief of the Sioux. The large tribe had several major divisions and was highly decentralized. Bands among the Oglala and other divisions operated independently, even though some individual leaders such as Red Cloud were renowned as warriors and highly respected as leaders.
Red Cloud was born close to the forks of the Platte River, near the modern-day city of North Platte, Nebraska. His mother, Walks As She Thinks, was an Oglala Lakota and his father, Lone Man, was a Brulé Lakota chief. These were two of the major seven Lakota divisions.

wn.com/Red_Cloud
Russell Means
Russell Charles Means (born November 10, 1939) is an Oglala Sioux activist for the rights of Native American people. He became a prominent member of the American Indian Movement (AIM) after joining the organization in 1968, and helped organize notable events that attracted national and international media coverage. The organization split in 1993, in part over the 1975 murder of Anna Mae Aquash, the leading woman activist in AIM.
Means has been active in international issues of indigenous peoples, including working with groups in Central and South America, and with the United Nations for recognition of their rights. He has been active in politics at his native Pine Ridge Indian Reservation and at the state and national level.
Since 1992, he has acted in numerous films and released his own music CD. He published his autobiography Where White Men Fear to Tread in 1997.
Means was born in Wanblee, South Dakota, a community located in the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, to Theodora Feather and Harold "Hank" Means. He was baptized Oyate Wacinyapin, which means "works for the people" in the Lakota language. His Oglala Sioux parents met as students at an Indian boarding school.

wn.com/Russell_Means
Sitting Bull
Sitting Bull (Lakota: Tȟatȟáŋka Íyotake in Standard Lakota Orthography, also nicknamed Slon-he or "Slow"; c. 1831 – December 15, 1890) was a Hunkpapa Lakota Sioux holy man who led his people as a tribal chief during years of resistance to United States government policies. Born near the Grand River in Dakota Territory, he was killed by Indian agency police on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation during an attempt to arrest him and prevent him from supporting the Ghost Dance movement.
He had a premonition of defeating the cavalry, which motivated his Native American people to a major victory at the Battle of the Little Bighorn against Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer and the 7th Cavalry on June 25, 1876. Months after the battle, Sitting Bull and his group left the United States to Wood Mountain, Saskatchewan, where he remained until 1881, at which time he surrendered to U.S. forces. A small remnant of his band under Chief Waŋblí Ǧí decided to stay at Wood Mountain. After his return to the United States, he briefly toured as a performer in Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show, earning $50 a week.

wn.com/Sitting_Bull
Spotted Tail
Siŋté Glešká (pronounced gleh-shka, Spotted Tail) (1823 - 1881) was a Brulé Lakota tribal chief. Although a great warrior in his youth, and having taken part in the Grattan massacre, he declined to participate in Red Cloud's War. He had become convinced of the futility of opposing the white incursions into his homeland; he became a statesman, speaking for peace and defending the rights of his tribe.
He made several trips to Washington, D.C in the 1870s to represent his people, and was noted for his interest in bringing education to the Sioux.
Spotted Tail was born about 1823 in the White River country west of the Missouri River in present-day South Dakota. During the previous 40 years, the Lakota or Teton Sioux had moved from present-day Minnesota and eastern South Dakota to areas west of the Missouri. They had differentiated into several sub-tribes or bands, including the Saône, Brulé and Oglala. During this time the people adopted the use of horses and expanded their range in hunting the buffalo across their wide grazing patterns. Spotted Tail's father, Cunka or Tangle Hair, was from the Saône band, and his mother, Walks-with-the-Pipe, was a Brulé. He was given the birth name of Jumping Buffalo.

wn.com/Spotted_Tail
Touch the Clouds
Touch the Clouds (Lakota: Maȟpíya Ičáȟtagya or Maȟpíya Íyapat’o) (c. 1838 – September 5, 1905) was a chief of the Minneconjou Teton Lakota (also known as Sioux) known for his bravery and skill in battle, physical strength and for his diplomacy in counsel. The youngest son of Lone Horn, he was brother to Spotted Elk, Frog, and Roman Nose. There is evidence suggesting that he was a cousin to Crazy Horse.
When Touch the Clouds's Wakpokinyan band split in the mid 1870s, the band traveled to the Cheyenne River Agency. He assumed the leadership of the band in 1875 after the death of his father, and retained leadership during the initial period of the Great Sioux War of 1876-77. After the Battle of the Little Bighorn, he took the band north, eventually surrendering at the Spotted Tail Agency, where he enlisted in the Indian Scouts. However, not long after being present at the death of Crazy Horse, Touch the Clouds transferred with his band back to the Cheyenne River Agency.
Touch the Clouds became one of the new leaders of the Minneconjou at the Cheyenne River Agency in 1881, keeping his position until his death on September 5, 1905. Upon his death his son, Amos Charging First, took over as the new chief.

wn.com/Touch_the_Clouds
Wanata
Wa-na-ta (Dakota: Wánataŋ which translates as One who charges, or Charger) was a chief of the Yanktonai, a tribe of the Dakota. He was born around 1795. The Yanktonai were located near the St. Peter River, which is today known as the Minnesota River, in present day Minnesota. The Yanktonai were said to have a population between five and six thousand individuals with 1,300 warriors. Wanata was a very influential chief, as evidenced by his ability to lead his tribes’1,300 warriors into battle.
At age 18, Wanata was accustomed to the ways of war and fought under his father Red Thunder (then the chief of the Yanktonai) against the Americans in the War of 1812. Wanata was recruited by British Colonel Robert Dickson whom convinced him to join him in battle at Sandusky. During this battle, Wanata charged Fort Sandusky and was wounded, but earned himself the nickname “Charger.”
After the war Wanata sided with the Americans and even helped influence trade on the Missouri River. He was murdered by his own tribesmen who were upset with his leadership in 1848.

wn.com/Wanata
Warren Upham
Warren Upham (1850 – 1934) was a geologist, archaeologist, and librarian who is best known for his studies of glacial Lake Agassiz. Upham worked as a geologist in New Hampshire before moving in 1879 to Minnesota to study the resources and glacial geology of that state. Upham's first major report on Lake Agassiz was published in 1890 by the Geological Survey of Canada, but the main product of his many years of study ("The Glacial Lake Agassiz") was published in 1895 as Monograph 25 of the U.S. Geological Survey's monograph series.
Upham graduated from Dartmouth College in 1871 and worked under Minnesota state geologist Newton H. Winchell. The Minnesota Historical Society published his landmark 735-page volume on place name origins, Minnesota Geographic Names: Their Origin and Historic Significance in 1920.

wn.com/Warren_Upham
Williams and Ree
Bruce Williams and Terry Ree, often billed as "The Indian and the White Guy", are a pair of American comedians. Since the late 1960s, they have performed throughout the United States.
Williams and Ree first met in 1968 at Black Hills State University in Spearfish, South Dakota, as members of a band who filled time between songs with comedy sketches. Their humor soon became more popular than their music. Much of the duo's banter plays upon the stereotypes held of Native-Americans.
Williams and Ree have performed with the likes of Garth Brooks, The Oak Ridge Boys and Tim McGraw, and have made many television appearances on The Nashville Network. Their comedy albums include "The Best of Williams and Ree", "Taking Reservations" and "Way Up Norsk". They also made two independent films in South Dakota, "Williams and Ree, The Movie" and "Totem Ree-Call".
Williams and Ree currently perform throughout the United States and Canada at Indian casinos and fairs. They are the regular hosts of the Craven Country Jamboree in Craven, Saskatchewan and Country Thunder festivals in Wisconsin and Arizona. They are also regulars at the Norsk Hostfest in Minot, ND.

wn.com/Williams_and_Ree

Native American The Sioux

Native American pictures of the Sioux and Native American Sioux flute song...

published: 27 Oct 2007

author: kinichpacal23

Shawnee Sioux War Dance

To learn more about our Father and only Saviour YHWH, or to contact Quiet Buck, a Minister...

published: 24 Jan 2011

author: MinisterQuietBuck

Sioux Indian Traditional Song - AIM

On September 13, 2007 the United Nations General Assembly adopted the "Declaration on the ...

published: 25 Dec 2010

author: ne033x

Mariee Sioux - buried in teeth

From the Album - Faces in the rocks...

published: 30 Jun 2009

author: Dave Saunders

Mariee Sioux-Wild Eyes

Mariee Sioux's "Wild Eyes" from 'Faces in the Rocks'....

published: 31 Mar 2009

author: Ursamare

Sioux Traditional

This is for my Lakota friend About my friend WI WAMBLI Minneconjou Lakota near the Cherry ...

published: 28 Jun 2007

author: dan1991DE

Two Tongues-Mariee Sioux

From her album 'Faces in the Rocks'....

published: 31 Mar 2009

author: Ursamare

Siouxsie And The Banshees - Cities In Dust

A montage of Siouxsie and The Banshees pictures and artworks from Austrian artist Gustav K...

published: 02 Aug 2011

author: pulpfiction267

stolen.women.captured.hearts.o.guerreiro.sioux.leg.avi

Veja mais em: classicmovies4you.wordpress.com Sinopse: A história de uma moça branca , Sar...

published: 19 Jan 2012

author: ClassicMovies4Y

Mariee Sioux

Excerpt of Mariee Sioux Performing on "Destination Talkshow." Nevada City, California. Feb...

published: 20 Feb 2007

author: grassrootsrecordco

INDIANI D'AMERICA - Lay o Lay Ale Loya - Ho bisogno di Te (Native American ~ Spiritual Music)

O Grande Spirito, la cui voce sento nei venti ed il cui respiro dà vita a tutto il mondo, ...

published: 30 Jan 2008

author: Sorayaluna72

Siouxsie - Into A Swan

Amazing video directed by Harvey & Carolyn of the first ever solo single by Siouxsie...

published: 19 May 2008

author: w14wizard

Siouxsie Sioux - Mantaray

mantaray into a swan siouxsie sioux...

published: 25 Oct 2007

author: aschenputtel85

Siouxsie Sioux - About To Happen

Artist - Siouxsie Sioux Song Name - About To Happen Album Name - Mantaray...

published: 30 Nov 2007

author: kcirish

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photo: AP / Menahem Kahana

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu gestures as he addresses the weekly cabinet meeting in Jerusalem

Netanyahu takes on the world in Israeli election campaign

The Star

08 Jan 2013

JERUSALEM (Reuters) - It's Bibi against the world on a campaign trail that took the combative Israeli prime minister to a Jewish settlement on Tuesday. Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu attends the weekly cabinet meeting in Jerusalem December 9, 2012. REUTERS/Ammar Awad ... Tweaking his message to match the locality, Netanyahu said ... The danger comes from Iran, which is building nuclear weapons." ... CHEMICAL WEAPONS ... ....(size: 3.8Kb)

photo: AP / Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

This artist rendering released Monday Jan. 7,2013 by Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics shows the different types of planets in our Milky Way galaxy detected by NASA’s Kepler spacecraft.

Our Galaxy May Host Billions of Earth-Size Planets – Study

Novosti

08 Jan 2013

MOSCOW, January 8 (RIA Novosti) – At least 17 billion Earth-size planets may inhabit the Milky Way galaxy, SPACE.com reported citing a new study by US astronomers ... That translates to a minimum of 17 billion planets as there are about 100 billion stars in the Milky Way ... Over a hundred of candidates have been confirmed as planets so far, NASA said....(size: 1.7Kb)

photo: AP / Channi Anand

An Indian army soldier patrols near the line of control, the line that divides Kashmir between India and Pakistan, after a reported cease-fire violation, in Mendhar, Poonch district, about 210 kilometers (131 miles) from Jammu, India, Wednesday, Jan. 9, 2013.

India lashes out at Pakistan after deadly Kashmir encounter

The Star

09 Jan 2013

JAMMU, India (Reuters) - India slammed arch-rival Pakistan on Wednesday over a fire fight in the disputed territory of Kashmir in which two of its soldiers were killed, and said the mutilation of one of the bodies was "inhuman". India's Defence Minister A.K. Antony waits to speak at a plenary session of the 11th International Institute of Strategic Studies (IISS) Asia Security Summit ... REUTERS/Tim Chong ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)

photo: AP / Richard Drew

New York City firefighters remove an injured passenger of the Seastreak Wall Street ferry, in New York, Wednesday, Jan. 9, 2013.

New York Ferry Crash: More Than 50 Injured

Skynews

09 Jan 2013

A commuter ferry has crashed into the dockside in Lower Manhattan in New York during the morning rush hour, injuring between 30 and 50 people.. The Seastreak Ferry, which provides daily services from Atlantic Highlands in New Jersey, struck Pier 11 in the East River not far from Wall Street at about 8.45am ET (1.45pm GMT).. Officials say at least two of the passengers were in a critical condition, one with confirmed head injuries. ... ....(size: 4.5Kb)

photo: US Army / Sgt. Christopher Bonebrake

File - U.S. Army Pfc. Caesar Pimentel, an infantryman attached to 3rd Platoon, Company B, 1st Battalion, 187th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), the security forces element for Provincial Reconstruction Team Paktiya, keeps a watchful eye on his surroundings in the Sayed Karem District market, Afghanistan, Dec. 20, 2012.

War and Any 'Vanity' Necessary

WorldNews.com

07 Jan 2013

Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. When Congress granted President Lyndon B. Johnson absolute powers to "take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression," Congress could have also included "all necessary vanities." The 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which greatly escalated a foreign imperial war in Vietnam, added fuel to the bonfires of vanity....(size: 5.2Kb)

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Imperial Group Selects Carsforsale.com to Develop Dealer Marketing Solutions

Yahoo Daily News

10 Jan 2013

Carsforsale.com has developed the online image, through web design, graphic design and web development, to increase its brand visibility, website traffic and build new customer relationships for Sioux Falls, South Dakota’s car dealership, Imperial Group ... Imperial Group is located in Sioux Falls, SD with close proximity to Minnesota and Iowa....(size: 2.5Kb)

Carsforsale.com Announces New Dealer: Zak Motors, LLC

Yahoo Daily News

10 Jan 2013

Sioux Falls, SD (PRWEB) January 09, 2013 Lyndhurst, New Jersey’s Zak Motors, LLC has recently teamed up with Carsforsale.com to launch their new custom dealer website ... About Zak Motors, LLC.. Zak Motors, LLC is located in Lyndhurst, NJ and is a used car dealer of cars, trucks and SUV’s ... Carsforsale.com, created in 1999 and headquartered in Sioux Falls, SD, is one of the fastest growing and most popular auto classified websites ... ### ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)

LETU to Host Missions Emphasis Week Jan. 28-Feb. 1 (9 Jan 2013) (LeTourneau University)

noodls

10 Jan 2013

(Source. LeTourneau University) LETU to Host Missions Emphasis Week Jan ... 1 ... Monday (featuring Jay Moon of Sioux Falls Seminary), Wednesday (featuring David Long of One Mission Society) and Friday (featuring Mwangaza Children's Choir of Uganda)....(size: 1.5Kb)

Proposed Statewide Texting & Driving Ban

MSNBC

10 Jan 2013

As the 2013 legislative sessions begins a topic we see returning for discussion is a texting and driving ban ... A statewide proposed law comes at the heels of four other cities in South Dakota (Huron, Sioux Falls, Watertown, and Brookings) banning texting and driving ... Rick Miller of the South Dakota Highway Patrol ... Advertise . AdChoices. Advertise . AdChoices ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)

Tulsa World City Hall reporter Brian Barber dies at 39

Tulsa World

10 Jan 2013

After a long struggle with heart failure and complications caused by anti-rejection drugs related to two heart transplants, Tulsa World City Hall reporter Brian Barber died Wednesday evening. He was 39. Services are pending with Moore's Southlawn Funeral Home ... He loved his City Hall beat ... While a student, he interned at the Sioux Falls (S.D.) Argus Leader, the Omaha (Neb.) World-Herald and The Freedom Forum in Washington, D.C ... ....(size: 10.9Kb)

3 separate homicide cases proceed in South Dakota

San Francisco Chronicle

09 Jan 2013

SIOUX FALLS, S.D ... Sioux Falls, Rapid City and Peever ... Marrufo at a Rapid City hotel and 50-year-old Cresencio Conde-Vargas in his Sioux Falls home....(size: 0.8Kb)

South Dakota prison escapee recaptured

MSNBC

09 Jan 2013

A man who escaped from the Huron jail early Tuesday has been found in in Sioux Falls. Sioux Falls police Sgt ... Tuesday ... Advertise . AdChoices. Advertise . AdChoices. Advertise . AdChoices ... ....(size: 1.4Kb)

Review of handful of reservation deaths completed

Fresno Bee

09 Jan 2013

SIOUX FALLS, S.D. -- The U.S ... Attorney Brendan Johnson says. Oglala Sioux tribal officials asked federal authorities to reopen investigations into 60 deaths dating from the 1960s to the present ... AIM was started in the late 1960s to protest the U.S ... ....(size: 1.4Kb)

Carsforsale.com Announces New Dealer: Spokane Pre-Owned Autos

Yahoo Daily News

09 Jan 2013

Sioux Falls, SD (PRWEB) January 08, 2013 Spokane Pre-Owned Autos has recently teamed up with Carsforsale.com to launch their new custom dealer website ... About Spokane Pre-Owned Autos. ... Their new website can be found at http.//www.spokanepreownedautos.com/. About Carsforsale.com.. Carsforsale.com created in 1999 and headquartered in Sioux Falls, SD, is one of the fastest growing and most popular auto classified websites ... ### ... 605-306-3370 ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)

>Carsforsale.com Announces New Dealer: Spokane Pre-Owned Autos

Seattle Post

09 Jan 2013

Carsforsale.com has teamed up with Spokane Pre-Owned Autos to launch a new dealer website, mobile site, dealership inventory listings and a platform of additional marketing tools. Sioux Falls, SD (PRWEB) January 08, 2013 ... About Spokane Pre-Owned Autos. ... About Carsforsale.com.. Carsforsale.com created in 1999 and headquartered in Sioux Falls, SD, is one of the fastest growing and most popular auto classified websites ... ###....(size: 2.1Kb)

New Dealership Website for Cramer Automotive Built by Carsforsale.com

Yahoo Daily News

09 Jan 2013

Sioux Falls, SD (PRWEB) January 08, 2013 Carsforsale.com dealer website designers are proud to launch an automotive website for Cramer Automotive in Fort Wayne, Indiana. This website features cars, trucks and SUV inventory for sale in an easy to navigate format ... About Cramer Automotive. ... Carsforsale.com created in 1999 and headquartered in Sioux Falls, SD, is one of the fastest growing and most popular auto classified websites ... ### ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)

Carsforsale.com Team Releases a New Website for Lipsey Automotive Group, LLC

Yahoo Daily News

09 Jan 2013

Savannah, Georgia’s, Lipsey Automotive Group, LLC announces the launch of a new company website by Carsforsale.com. Sioux Falls, SD (PRWEB) January 08, 2013 The team at Carsforsale.com is happy to announce the launch of Lipsey Automotive Group, LLC's new website ... About Carsforsale.com.. Carsforsale.com created in 1999 and headquartered in Sioux Falls, SD, is one of the fast growing and most popular auto classified websites ... ### ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)

Mooresville, NC Dealer Mundy's Auto Sales Announces New Website

Yahoo Daily News

09 Jan 2013

Sioux Falls, SD (PRWEB) January 09, 2013 Carsforsale.com dealer website designers are proud to launch an automotive website for Mundy's Auto Sales in Mooresville, NC ... Mundy's Auto Sales is located in Mooresville, NC on Highway 21 ... Carsforsale.com is located in Sioux Falls, South Dakota and offers one of the most affordable advertising solutions for auto dealers with pricing as low as $99 for complete inventory listings ... ### ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)

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This article is about the ethnic group. For other uses, see Sioux (disambiguation).

Not to be confused with Sault (disambiguation).

Sioux
Očhéthi Šakówiŋ
Total population

Sitting Bull, a Hunkpapa Lakota chief and holy man, circa 1885.
150,000+^[1]^[2]
Regions with significant populations
United States (SD, MN, NE, MT, ND), Canada (MB, SK, AB)
Languages
Sioux, English, French
Religion
Christianity (incl. syncretistic forms), Midewiwin
Related ethnic groups
Assiniboine, Stoney (Nakoda), and other Siouan peoples

The Sioux ( /ˈsuː/) are Native American and First Nations people in North America. The term can refer to any ethnic group within the Great Sioux Nation or any of the nation's many language dialects. The Sioux comprise three major divisions based on Siouan dialect and subculture:

Isáŋyathi or Isáŋathi ("Knife," originating from the name of a lake in present-day Minnesota): residing in the extreme east of the Dakotas, Minnesota and northern Iowa, and are often referred to as the Santee or Eastern Dakota.

Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋ and Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋna ("Village-at-the-end" and "little village-at-the-end"): residing in the Minnesota River area, they are considered to be the middle Sioux, and are often referred to as the Yankton and the Yanktonai, or, collectively, as the Wičhíyena (endonym) or the Western Dakota (and have been erroneously classified as “Nakota”^[3]) .

Thítȟuŋwaŋ or Teton (uncertain, perhaps "Dwellers on the Prairie"; this name is archaic among the natives, who prefer to call themselves Lakȟóta^[4]): the westernmost Sioux, known for their hunting and warrior culture, are often referred to as the Lakota.

Today, the Sioux maintain many separate tribal governments scattered across several reservations, communities, and reserves in the Dakotas, Nebraska, Minnesota, and Montana in the United States; and Manitoba and southern Saskatchewan in Canada.

Name origins [link]

The name "Sioux" is an abbreviated form of Nadouessioux borrowed into Canadian French from Nadoüessioüak from the early Odawa exonym: naadowesiwag "Sioux".^[5] Jean Nicolet recorded the use in 1640.^[6] The Proto-Algonquian form *na·towe·wa, meaning "Northern Iroquoian", has reflexes in several daughter languages that refer to a small rattlesnake (massasauga, Sistrurus).^[7] This information was interpreted by some that the Odawa borrowing was an insult. However, this Proto-Algonquian term most likely was ultimately derived from a form *-a·towe·, meaning simply "to speak a foreign language".^[5] - which would make it similar to the etymology of the Greek "Barbarian". Later this was extended in meaning in some Algonquian languages to refer to the massasauga. Thus, contrary to many accounts, the old Odawa word naadowesiwag did not equate the Sioux with snakes. This is not confirmed though, since usage over the previous decades has led to this term having negative connotations to those tribes to which it refers. This would explain why many tribes have rejected this term as an exonym.

Some of the tribes have formally or informally adopted traditional names: the Rosebud Sioux Tribe is also known as the Sičháŋǧu Oyáte, and the Oglala often use the name Oglála Lakȟóta Oyáte, rather than the English "Oglala Sioux Tribe" or OST. The alternative English spelling of Ogallala is considered improper.^[6].

Očhéthi Šakówiŋ [link]

The historical Sioux referred to the Great Sioux Nation as the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ (pronounced [oˈtʃʰetʰi ʃaˈkowĩ]), meaning "Seven Council Fires". Each fire was a symbol of an oyate (people or nation). The seven nations that comprise the Sioux are: Bdewákaŋthuŋwaŋ (Mdewakanton), Waȟpéthuŋwaŋ (Wahpeton), Waȟpékhute (Wahpekute), Sisíthuŋwaŋ (Sisseton), the Iháŋkthuŋwaŋ (Yankton), Iháŋkthuŋwaŋna (Yanktonai), and the Thítȟuŋwaŋ (Teton or Lakota).^[6] The Seven Council Fires would assemble each summer to hold council, renew kinships, decide tribal matters, and participate in the Sun Dance.^[8] The seven divisions would select four leaders known as Wičháša Yatápika from among the leaders of each division.^[8] Being one of the four leaders was considered the highest honor for a leader; however, the annual gathering meant the majority of tribal administration was cared for by the usual leaders of each division. The last meeting of the Seven Council Fires was in 1850.^[8]

Today the Teton, Santee, and Ihantowan/Ihanktowana are usually known, respectively, as the Lakota, Eastern Dakota, or Western Dakota.^[4]^[6] In any of the three main dialects, "Lakota" or "Dakota" translate to mean "friend," or more properly, "ally." Usage of Lakota or Dakota may then refer to the alliance that once bound the Great Sioux Nation.

History [link]

First contacts with Europeans [link]

The Dakota are first recorded to have resided at the source of the Mississippi River during the seventeenth century.^[9] By 1700 some had migrated to present-day South Dakota.^[10] Late in the 17th century, the Dakota entered into an alliance with French merchants.^[11] The French were trying to gain advantage in the struggle for the North American fur trade against the English, who had recently established the Hudson's Bay Company.

Relationship with French Traders [link]

The Sioux and French first met when the French were trying to get more tribes on their side against the British Forces. This was the first contact between these particular Sioux tribes and White traders. The Sioux and the French traded many things in peace, until the French started trading with the Sioux's rival tribes. This sparked a lot of unrest and the trading ceased. The first recorded meeting between these two was 1640. Eventually the Sioux were forced down to Mississippi at one point during the war with the French who were much stronger as a whole army.^{[citation needed]}

Dakota War of 1862 [link]

Main article: Dakota War of 1862

Siege of New Ulm, August 19, 1862.

Drawing of the mass hanging of Dakota in Mankato, Minnesota

By 1862, shortly after a failed crop the year before and a winter starvation, the federal payment was late. The local traders would not issue any more credit to the Santee and one trader, Andrew Myrick, went so far as to say, "If they're hungry, let them eat grass."^[12] On August 17, 1862 the Dakota War began when a few Santee men murdered a white farmer and most of his family. They inspired further attacks on white settlements along the Minnesota River. The Santee attacked the trading post. Later settlers found Myrick among the dead with his mouth stuffed full of grass.^[13]

On November 5, 1862 in Minnesota, in courts-martial, 303 Santee Sioux were found guilty of rape and murder of hundreds of American settlers. They were sentenced to be hanged. No attorneys or witness were allowed as a defense for the accused, and many were convicted in less than five minutes of court time with the judge.^[14] President Abraham Lincoln commuted the death sentence of 284 of the warriors, while signing off on the execution of 38 Santee men by hanging on December 26, 1862 in Mankato, Minnesota. It was the largest mass-execution in U.S. history.^[15]

Afterwards, the US suspended treaty annuities to the Dakota for four years and awarded the money to the white victims and their families. The men remanded by order of President Lincoln were sent to a prison in Iowa, where more than half died.^[14]

During and after the revolt, many Santee and their kin fled Minnesota and Eastern Dakota to Canada, or settled in the James River Valley in a short-lived reservation before being forced to move to Crow Creek Reservation on the east bank of the Missouri.^[14] A few joined the Yanktonai and moved further west to join with the Lakota bands to continue their struggle against the United States military.^[14]

Others were able to remain in Minnesota and the east, in small reservations existing into the 21st century, including Sisseton-Wahpeton, Flandreau, and Devils Lake (Spirit Lake or Fort Totten) Reservations in the Dakotas. Some ended up in Nebraska, where the Santee Sioux Tribe today has a reservation on the south bank of the Missouri.

Those who fled to Canada now have descendants residing on nine small Dakota Reserves, five of which are located in Manitoba (Sioux Valley, Long Plain, Dakota Tipi, Birdtail Creek, and Oak Lake [Pipestone]) and the remaining four (Standing Buffalo, Moose Woods [White Cap], Round Plain [Wahpeton], and Wood Mountain) in Saskatchewan.

Red Cloud's War [link]

Main article: Red Cloud's War

Red Cloud's War (also referred to as the Bozeman War) was an armed conflict between the Lakota and the United States in the Wyoming Territory and the Montana Territory from 1866 to 1868. The war was fought over control of the Powder River Country in north central Wyoming.

The war is named after Red Cloud, a prominent Sioux chief who led the war against the United States following encroachment into the area by the U.S. military. The war ended with the Treaty of Fort Laramie. The Sioux victory in the war led to their temporarily preserving their control of the Powder River country.^[16]

Great Sioux War of 1876-77 [link]

Main article: Great Sioux War of 1876-77

The Great Sioux War comprised a series of battles between the Lakota and allied tribes such as the Cheyenne against the United States military. The earliest engagement was the Battle of Powder River, and the final battle was the Wolf Mountain. Included are the Battle of the Rosebud, Battle of the Little Bighorn, Battle of Warbonnet Creek, Battle of Slim Buttes, Battle of Cedar Creek, and the Dull Knife Fight. The Great Sioux War of 1876-77 was also known as the Black Hills War, and was centered around the Lakota tribes of the Sioux, although several Native Americans believe that the primary target of the United States military was the Northern Cheyenne tribe. The series of battles occurred in Montana territory, Dakota territory, and Wyoming territory, and resulted in a victory for the United States military.

Wounded Knee Massacre [link]

Main article: Wounded Knee Massacre

Mass grave for the dead Lakota after massacre of Wounded Knee.

The massacre at Wounded Knee Creek was the last major armed conflict between the Lakota and the United States. It was described as a "massacre" by General Nelson A. Miles in a letter to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs.^[17]

On December 29, 1890, five hundred troops of the U.S. 7th Cavalry, supported by four Hotchkiss guns (a lightweight artillery piece capable of rapid fire), surrounded an encampment of the Lakota bands of the Miniconjou and Hunkpapa ^[18] with orders to escort them to the railroad for transport to Omaha, Nebraska.

By the time it was over, 25 troopers and more than 150 Lakota Sioux lay dead, including men, women, and children. The first shot (that started this Massacre) between the Sioux and the US was shot, but no one really knows who shot it, and how it was shot; accident or on purpose.Some of the soldiers are believed to have been the victims of "friendly fire" because the shooting took place at point-blank range in chaotic conditions.^[19] Around 150 Lakota are believed to have fled the chaos, many of whom may have died from hypothermia.^{[citation needed]}

Culture [link]

Marriage [link]

In the Sioux community, people usually marry between 12-15 years old. Before you get married, you are not allowed to be alone with your bride. The couple would meet in front of the woman's parents's teepee, where a blanket would be put over the two and there, you could talk in private (when in public.)Woman and men are perceived to have equal power and decision making. The men are usually chiefs of politics, war leaders or warriors. The woman are in charge food, the house and other items. The older woman were actually very respected in the community.^[20]

Reserves and First Nations [link]

Traditional location of Sioux tribes prior to 1770 (dark green) and their current reservations (orange)

File:Great Sioux reservation in 1888.png

Great Sioux Reservation, 1888; est. by Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)

Later in the 19th century, the railroads hired hunters to exterminate the buffalo herds, the Indians' primary food supply. The Santee and Lakota were forced to accept white-defined reservations in exchange for the rest of their lands, and domestic cattle and corn in exchange for buffalo. They became dependent upon annual federal payments guaranteed by treaty.

In Minnesota, the treaties of Traverse des Sioux and Mendota in 1851 left the Sioux with a reservation twenty miles (32 km) wide on each side of the Minnesota River. Today, one half of all enrolled Sioux in the United States live off the reservation. Enrolled members in any of the Sioux tribes in the United States are required to have ancestry that is at least 1/4 degree Sioux (the equivalent to one grandparent).^[21]

In Canada, the Canadian government recognizes the tribal community as First Nations. The land holdings of the these First Nations are called Indian Reserves.

Modern reservations, reserves, and communities of the Sioux [link]

Reserve/Reservation	Community	Bands residing	Location
Fort Peck Indian Reservation	Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes	Hunkpapa, Upper Yanktonai (Pabaksa), Sisseton, Wahpeton, and the Hudesabina (Red Bottom), Wadopabina (Canoe Paddler), Wadopahnatonwan (Canoe Paddlerrs Who Live on the Prairie), Sahiyaiyeskabi (Plains Cree-Speakers), Inyantonwanbina (Stone People) and Fat Horse Band of the Assiniboine	Montana, USA
Spirit Lake Reservation _{(Formerly Devil's Lake Reservation)}	Spirit Lake Tribe _{(Mni Wakan Oyate)}	Wahpeton, Sisseton, Upper Yanktonai	North Dakota, USA
Standing Rock Indian Reservation	Standing Rock Sioux Tribe	Upper Yanktonai, Hunkpapa	North Dakota, South Dakota, USA
Lake Traverse Indian Reservation	Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate	Sisseton, Wahpeton	South Dakota, USA
Flandreau Indian Reservation	Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe	Mdewakanton, Wahpekute, Wahpeton	South Dakota, USA
Cheyenne River Indian Reservation	Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe	Minneconjou, Blackfoot, Two Kettle, Sans Arc	South Dakota, USA
Crow Creek Indian Reservation	Crow Creek Sioux Tribe	Lower Yanktonai	South Dakota, USA
Lower Brule Indian Reservation	Lower Brule Sioux Tribe	Brulé	South Dakota, USA
Yankton Sioux Indian Reservation	Yankton Sioux Tribe	Yankton	South Dakota, USA
Pine Ridge Indian Reservation	Oglala Lakota	Oglala, few Brulé	South Dakota, USA
Rosebud Indian Reservation	Rosebud Sioux Tribe (also as Sicangu Lakota or Upper Brulé Sioux Nation) _{(Sičháŋǧu Oyate)}	Sićangu (Brulé), few Oglala	South Dakota, USA
Upper Sioux Indian Reservation	Upper Sioux Community _{(Pejuhutazizi Oyate)}	Mdewakanton, Sisseton, Wahpeton	Minnesota, USA
Lower Sioux Indian Reservation	Lower Sioux Indian Community	Mdewakanton, Wahpekute	Minnesota, USA
Shakopee-Mdewakanton Indian Reservation _{(Formerly Prior Lake Indian Reservation)}	Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community	Mdewakanton, Wahpekute	Minnesota, USA
Prairie Island Indian Community	Prairie Island Indian Community	Mdewakanton, Wahpekute	Minnesota, USA
Santee Indian Reservation	Santee Sioux Nation	Mdewakanton, Wahpekute	Nebraska, USA
Sioux Valley Dakota Nation Reserve, Fishing Station 62A Reserve*	Sioux Valley First Nation	Sisseton, Mdewakanton, Wahpeton, Wahpekute	Manitoba, Canada
Dakota Plains Indian Reserve 6A	Dakota Plains Wahpeton First Nation	Wahpeton, Sisseton	Manitoba, Canada
Dakota Tipi 1 Reserve	Dakota Tipi First Nation	Wahpeton	Manitoba, Canada
Birdtail Creek 57 Reserve, Birdtail Hay Lands 57A Reserve, Fishing Station 62A Reserve*	Birdtail Sioux First Nation	Mdewakanton, Wahpekute, Yanktonai	Manitoba, Canada
Canupawakpa Dakota First Nation Reserve, Oak Lake 59A Reserve, Fishing Station 62A Reserve*	Canupawakpa Dakota Nation	Wahpekute, Wahpeton, Yanktonai	Manitoba, Canada
Standing Buffalo 78 Reserve	Standing Buffalo Dakota First Nation	Sisseton, Wahpeton	Saskatchewan, Canada
Whitecap Reserve	Whitecap Dakota First Nation	Wahpeton, Sisseton	Saskatchewan, Canada
	Dakota Plains Wahpeton First Nation	Wahpeton	Saskatchewan, Canada
Wood Mountain 160 Reserve, Treaty Four Reserve Grounds Indian Reservation 77*	Wood Mountain	Hunkpapa	Saskatchewan, Canada

^[6]

* Reserves shared with other First Nations

20th century activism [link]

Wounded Knee incident [link]

Main article: Wounded Knee incident

Beginning in the late 1960s, young Native Americans began to agitate for improved conditions, respect for their civil rights, and better programs in education and economic development. Dramatic protests were conceived, such as the occupation of Alcatraz Island in California.

The Wounded Knee incident began February 27, 1973 when the town of Wounded Knee, South Dakota was seized by followers of the American Indian Movement. The occupiers controlled the town for 71 days while various state and federal law enforcement agencies such as the F.B.I. and the United States Marshals Service laid siege. Two members of A.I.M. were killed by gunfire during the incident.

Republic of Lakotah [link]

Main article: Republic of Lakotah

The Lakotah Freedom Delegation, a group of controversial Native American activists, declared on December 19, 2007 the Lakotah were withdrawing from all treaties signed with the United States to regain sovereignty over their nation. One of the activists, Russell Means, claims that the action is legal and cites Natural, International and U.S. law.^[22] The group considers Lakotah to be a sovereign nation, although as yet the state is generally unrecognized. The proposed borders reclaim thousands of square kilometres of North and South Dakota, Wyoming, Nebraska and Montana.^[23]

Political organization [link]

Ogalala Lakota Tipi

The historical political organization was based on individual participation and the cooperation of many to sustain the tribe’s way of life. Leaders were chosen based upon noble birth and demonstrations of chiefly virtues, such as bravery, fortitude, generosity, and wisdom.^[8]

Political leaders were members of the Načá Omníčiye society and decided matters of tribal hunts, camp movements, whether to make war or peace with their neighbors, or any other community action.^[24]

Societies were similar to fraternities; men joined to raise their position in the tribe. Societies were composed of smaller clans and varied in number among the seven divisions.^[8] There were two types of societies: Akíčhita, for the younger men, and Načá, for elders and former leaders.^[8]

Akíčhita (Warrior) societies existed to train warriors, hunters, and to police the community.^[24] There were many smaller Akíčhita societies, including the Kit-Fox, Strong Heart, Elk, and so on.^[24]

Leaders in the Načá societies, per Načá Omníčiye, were the tribal elders and leaders. They elected seven to ten men, depending on the division, each referred to as Wičháša Itȟáŋčhaŋ ("chief man"). Each Wičháša Itȟáŋčhaŋ interpreted and enforced the decisions of the Načá.^[24]

The Wičháša Itȟáŋčhaŋ would elect two to four Shirt Wearers, who were the voice of the society. They settled quarrels among families and also foreign nations.^[8] Shirt Wearers were often young men from families with hereditary claims of leadership. However, men with obscure parents who displayed outstanding leaderships skills and had earned the respect of the community might also be elected. Crazy Horse is an example of a common-born "Shirt Wearer".^[8]

A Wakíčhuŋza ("Pipe Holder") ranked below the "Shirt Wearers". The Pipe Holders regulated peace ceremonies, selected camp locations, and supervised the Akíčhita societies during buffalo hunts.^[24]

Linguistics [link]

Main articles: Sioux language, Lakota language, and Dakota language

Chief Bone Necklace an Oglala Lakota from the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation (1899)

The Sioux comprise three closely related language groups:

Eastern Dakota (a.k.a. Santee-Sisseton or Dakhóta)
- Santee (Isáŋyáthi: Bdewákhathuŋwaŋ, Waȟpékhute)
- Sisseton (Sisíthuŋwaŋ, Waȟpéthuŋwaŋ)
Western Dakota (a.k.a. Yankton-Yanktonai or Dakȟóta)
- Yankton (Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋ)
- Yanktonai (Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋna)
Lakota (a.k.a. Lakȟóta, Teton, Teton Sioux)

The earlier linguistic three-way division of the Sioux language identified Lakota, Dakota, and Nakota as dialects of a single language, where Lakota = Teton, Dakota = Santee-Sisseton and Nakota = Yankton-Yanktonai.^[7] However, the latest studies ^[4]^[25] show that Yankton-Yanktonai never used the autonym Nakhóta, but pronounced their name roughly the same as the Santee (i.e. Dakȟóta).

These later studies identify Assiniboine and Stoney as two separate languages, with Sioux being the third language. Sioux has three similar dialects: Lakota, Western Dakota (Yankton-Yanktonai) and Eastern Dakota (Santee-Sisseton). Assiniboine and Stoney speakers refer to themselves as Nakhóta or Nakhóda^[4] (cf. Nakota).

The term Dakota has also been applied by anthropologists and governmental departments to refer to all Sioux groups, resulting in names such as Teton Dakota, Santee Dakota, etc. This was mainly because of the misrepresented translation of the Ottawa word from which Sioux is derived.^[8] they usually lived in ti-pis such as shown in the picture, that they would all set up together as a tribe.

Modern geographic divisions [link]

Funeral scaffold of a Sioux chief (Karl Bodmer)

The Sioux maintain many separate tribal governments scattered across several reservations and communities in North America: in the Dakotas, Minnesota, Nebraska, and Montana in the United States; and in Manitoba, southern Saskatchewan and Alberta in Canada.

The earliest known European record of the Sioux identified them in Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin.^[7] After the introduction of the horse in the early 18th century, the Sioux dominated larger areas of land—from present day Central Canada to the Platte River, from Minnesota to the Yellowstone River, including the Powder River country.^[24]

Santee (Isáŋyathi or Eastern Dakota)[link]

The Santee migrated north and westward from the Southeast United States, first into Ohio, then to Minnesota. Some came up from the Santee River and Lake Marion, area of South Carolina. The Santee River was named after them, and some of their ancestors' ancient earthwork mounds have survived along the portion of the dammed-up river that forms Lake Marion. In the past, they were a Woodland people who thrived on hunting, fishing and subsistence farming.

Migrations of Anishinaabe/Chippewa (Ojibwe) people from the east in the 17th and 18th centuries, with muskets supplied by the French and British, pushed the Dakota further into Minnesota and west and southward. The US gave the name "Dakota Territory" to the northern expanse west of the Mississippi River and up to its headwaters.^[7]

Iháŋkthuŋwaŋ-Iháŋkthuŋwaŋna (Yankton-Yanktonai or Western Dakota)[link]

The Iháŋkthuŋwaŋ-Iháŋkthuŋwaŋna, also known by the anglicized spelling Yankton (Iháŋkthuŋwaŋ: "End village") and Yanktonai (Iháŋkthuŋwaŋna: "Little end village") divisions consist of two bands or two of the seven council fires. According to Nasunatanka and Matononpa in 1880, the Yanktonai are divided into two sub-groups known as the Upper Yanktonai and the Lower Yanktonai (Hunkpatina).^[7]

They were involved in quarrying pipestone. The Yankton-Yanktonai moved into northern Minnesota. In the 18th century, they were recorded as living in the Mankato region of Minnesota.^[26]

Lakota (Teton or Thítȟuŋwaŋ)[link]

Main article: Lakota people

The Sioux likely obtained horses sometime during the seventeenth century (although some historians date the arrival of horses in South Dakota to 1720, and credit the Cheyenne with introducing horse culture to the Lakota). The Teton (Lakota) division of the Sioux emerged as a result of this introduction. Dominating the northern Great Plains with their light cavalry, the western Sioux quickly expanded their territory further to the Rocky Mountains (which they call Heska, "white mountains"). The Lakota once subsisted on the buffalo hunt, and on corn. They acquired corn mostly through trade with the eastern Sioux and their linguistic cousins, the Mandan and Hidatsa along the Missouri.^[7]

Ethnic divisions [link]

Dakota, Nakota and Lakota historic distribution

Womendress of the Sioux

Baby sling of the Sioux

The Sioux are divided into three ethnic groups, the larger of which are divided into sub-groups, and further branched into bands.

The Santee live on reservations, reserves, and communities in Minnesota, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and Canada.

Most of the Yanktons live on the Yankton Reservation in southeastern South Dakota. Some Yankton live on the Lower Brule Indian Reservation and Crow Creek Reservation. The Yanktonai are divided into Lower Yanktonai, who occupy the Crow Creek Reservation; and Upper Yanktonai, who live in the northern part of Standing Rock Reservation, on the Spirit Lake Reservation in central North Dakota, and in the eastern half of the Fort Peck Reservation in northeastern Montana. In addition, they reside at several Canadian reserves, including Birdtail, Oak Lake, and Moose Woods.^[4]

The Lakota are the westernmost of the three groups, occupying lands in both North and South Dakota.

Today, many Sioux also live outside their reservations.

Santee division (Eastern Dakota) (Isáŋyathi)^[4]
- Mdewakantonwan (Bdewékhaŋthuŋwaŋ "Spirit Lake Village")^[4]
  
  notable persons: Taoyateduta
- Sisseton (Sisíthuŋwaŋ, perhaps meaning "Fishing Grounds Village")
- Wahpekute (Waȟpékhute, "Leaf Archers")^[4]
  
  notable persons: Inkpaduta
- Wahpetonwan (Waȟpéthuŋwaŋ, "Leaf Village")^[4]

Yankton-Yanktonai division (Western Dakota) (Wičhíyena)
- Yankton (Iháŋkthuŋwaŋ, "End Village")^[4]
- Yanktonai (Iháŋkthuŋwaŋna, "Little End Village")^[4]
  - Upper Yanktonai
  - Unkpatina^[27] or Lower Yanktonai
  notable persons: Wanata, Chief War Eagle

Teton division (Lakota) (Thítȟuŋwaŋ,^[4] perhaps meaning "Dwellers on the Prairie"):
- Oglála (perhaps meaning "Those Who Scatter Their Own")
  
  notable persons: Crazy Horse, Red Cloud, Black Elk and Billy Mills (Olympian)
- Hunkpapa (Húŋkpapȟa,^[4] meaning "Those who Camp by the Door" or "Wanderers")
  
  notable persons: Sitting Bull
- Sihasapa (Sihásapa, "Blackfoot Sioux,"^[4] not to be confused with the Algonquian-speaking Blackfeet)
- Minniconjou (Mnikȟówožu, "Those who Plant by Water")^[4]
  
  notable persons: Lone Horn, Touch the Clouds
- Brulé (French translation of Sičháŋǧu, "Burned Thigh")^[4]
- Sans Arcs (French translation of Itázipčho, "Those Without Bows")^[4]
- Two Kettles (Oóhenupa, "Two Boilings")^[4]

In popular media [link]

Video clip of a dance performed by a Sioux tribe from Buffalo Bill's Wild West show. This is part of a group of films constituting the first appearance of Native Americans in motion pictures

The Richard Harris film A Man Called Horse and its two sequels depicts Sioux customs and histories.
The HBO movie Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee depicts the relocation and reservations of the people from the Sioux perspective, based on the book by Dee Brown.
The films Dances with Wolves and Thunderheart contain depictions of the Sioux People.
"Elegy to the Sioux," a poem by Norman Dubie
The mini-series Into the West depicts the Sioux, specifically the Lakota, during some of first ventures of the "white men" into the Great Plains and the Rocky Mountains.
The novel A Death for Beauty depicts the Lakota Sioux and their battles with the U.S. Cavalry during the Civil War.
The Film Hidalgo depicts the events of Frank Hopkins, a rider for the United States Army, who was at the Wounded Knee Massacre as he wrestles with his Sioux heritage.
Aaron Huey's TED presentation "America's Native Prisoners of War." - Sept. 2010^[28]

Diane Sawyer Takes an In-Depth look at the Young Dreamers and Survivors of the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, Fighting Against Decades of Neglect Airing Friday, October 14, 2011 on ABC

Famous Sioux [link]

Historical [link]

Chiefs Red Cloud and American Horse (1891)

Siŋté Gleśká (Spotted Tail) — Brulé chief who resisted joining Red Cloud's War
Thaóyate Dúta (Little Crow) — Chief famous for role in the Dakota War of 1862
Tȟatȟáŋka Íyotake (Sitting Bull) — Chief famous for role in the Battle of Little Bighorn
Tȟašúŋke Witkó (Crazy Horse) — Famous for leadership and courage in battle
Maȟpíya Ičáȟtagye (Touch the Clouds) - Famous for his legendary strength and size, a great warrior
Maȟpíya Lúta (Red Cloud) — Chief famous for role in Red Cloud's War
Tȟašúŋke Kȟokípȟapi (Young Man Afraid Of His Horses) — Oglala chief who participated in Red Cloud's War
Ištáȟba (Sleepy Eye) — Chief of the Sisseton band in the mid-19th century; signed four treaties^[29]
Heȟáka Sápa (Black Elk) — Lakota holy man, source of Black Elk Speaks and other books
Tȟáȟča Hušté (Lame Deer) — Lakota holy man, carried traditional knowledge into modern era
Ohíyes’a (Charles Eastman) — Author, physician and reformer
Colonel Gregory "Pappy" Boyington — World War II Fighter Ace and Medal of Honor recipient; 1/4 Sioux
Waŋbdí Tháŋka (Big Eagle) - Mdewakanton Dakota chief who narrated his account of the Dakota War of 1862
Tamaha (One Eye) - Mdewekanton Dakota chief who supported the United States in the War of 1812.
Iŋkpáduta (Scarlet Point) - Waȟpékhute Dakota chief famous for his indomitable opposition to US forces (he took part in all the Sioux Wars from the 1857 Spirit Lake Massacre to the Battle of Little Bighorn, and fought until he died)
Xunka Kuciyedano (Low Dog), Oglala chief who fought with Sitting Bull at the Little Bighorn
Charging Thunder (1877-1929), Blackfoot Sioux chief who was one of the first Pony Express riders and part of Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show in 1903, but remained in England when the show left for America.

Contemporary [link]

Woodrow Keeble, Medal of Honor recipient.

Robert "Tree" Cody, Native American flutist (Dakota)
Elizabeth Cook-Lynn, activist, academic, and writer
Mary Crow Dog, writer and activist
Vine Deloria, Jr., activist and essayist
Indigenous, blues band (Nakota)
Illinois Jacquet, jazz saxophonist (half Sioux and half African American)
Eddie Little Sky, actor (Oglala)
Russell Means, activist (Oglala)
Ed McGaa, author, (Oglala) CPT US Marine Corp F-4 Phantom Fighter Pilot
Billy Mills, only American ever to win the 10,000 meters at the Olympics (1964) – Oglala
Eddie Spears, actor (Lakota Sioux Lower Brule)
Michael Spears, actor (Lakota Sioux Lower Brule)
Terry Ree, comedian
John Trudell, activist, poet, actor (Dakota)
Floyd Red Crow Westerman, singer and actor (Dakota)
Kim Winona (1930–1978), actress
Leonard Peltier, activist, imprisoned for allegedly killing two FBI agents in 1975
Woodrow Keeble, (Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate) first Sioux Medal of Honor recipient for his valor during the Korean War
Luther Standing Bear, Sioux author, actor, and rights activist
J. Medicine Hat, Comedian, and hypnotist.
Chaske Spencer, actor
Waziyatawin (a.k.a. Angela Wilson), author, professor, and activist (from the Upper Sioux Community/Pezihutazizi)

Legacy [link]

A Manitoba Historical Plaque was erected at the Spruce Woods Provincial Park by the province to commemorate Assiniboin (Nakota) First Nation's role in Manitoba's heritage.^[30]

Gallery [link]

Joseph Bird Head
John Grass.jpg

Chief John Grass
Dakota
Little-Wound-Oglala-1877.jpg

Chief Little Wound
Lakota, Oglala
Chief Two Strike
Lakota, Brule
YoungManAfraidofHisHorses.jpg

Young Man Afraid of His Horses
Spotted Tail
Brule
Touch the Clouds 1877a.gif

Touch The Clouds
Miniconjou
Wahktageli ("Gallant Warrior"),^[31] a Yankton Sioux chief (Karl Bodmer)
Sitting Bull
(Tȟatȟáŋka Íyotake)
Hunkpapa Lakota
1885

References [link]

^ "United States Census Data" (PDF). http://www.census.gov/statab/www/sa04aian.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-11.
^ "Ethnologue Report for Lakota". http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=lkt. Retrieved 2007-08-11.
^ for a report on the long-established blunder of misnaming as “Nakota”, the Yankton and the Yanktonai, see the article Nakota
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Ullrich, Jan (2008). New Lakota Dictionary (Incorporating the Dakota Dialects of Yankton-Yanktonai and Santee-Sisseton). Lakota Language Consortium. pp. 1–2. ISBN 0-9761082-9-1.
^ ^a ^b "Sioux". Dictionary.com. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/sioux. Retrieved 2007-09-05.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Johnson, Michael (2000). The Tribes of the Sioux Nation. Osprey Publishing Oxford. ISBN 1-85532-878-X.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Riggs, Stephen R. (1893). Dakota Grammar, Texts, and Ethnography. Washington Government Printing Office, Ross & Haines, Inc.. ISBN 0-87018-052-5.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Hassrick, Royal B.; Dorothy Maxwell, Cile M. Bach (1964). The Sioux: Life and Customs of a Warrior Society. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-0607-7.
^ Hyde, George E. (1984), Red Cloud's Folk: A History of the Oglala Sioux Indians, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, p. 3, ISBN 0-8061-1520-3
^ Johnson, Michael; Smith, Jonathan (2000), Tribes of the Sioux Nation, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, p. 3, ISBN 1-85532-878-X
^ van Houten, Gerry (1991), Corporate Canada An Historical Outline, Toronto: Progress Books, pp. 6–7, ISBN 0-919396-54-2
^ Dillon, Richard (1993). North American Indian Wars. City: Booksales. p. 126. ISBN 1-55521-951-9.
^ Steil, Mark; Tim Post (2002-09-26). "Let them eat grass". Minnesota Public Radio. http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/200209/23_steilm_1862-m/part2.shtml. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d War for the Plains. Time-Life Books. 1994. ISBN 0-8094-9445-0.
^ Steil, Mark; Tim Post (2002-09-26). "Execution and expulsion". Minnesota Public Radio. http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/200209/23_steilm_1862-m/part5.shtml. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
^ *Brown, Dee (1970). Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, ch. 6. Bantam Books. ISBN 0-553-11979-6.
^ Letter: General Nelson A. Miles to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, March 13, 1917.
^ Liggett, Lorie (1998). "Wounded Knee Massacre - An Introduction". Bowling Green State University. http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/WKIntro.html. Retrieved 2007-03-02.
^ Strom, Karen (1995). "The Massacre at Wounded Knee". Karen Strom. http://www.hanksville.org/daniel/lakota/Wounded_Knee.html.
^ "Lakota and Dakota Sioux Fact Sheet.". http://www.bigorrin.org/sioux_kids.htm. Retrieved Web. 17 Apr. 2012.
^ "Enrollment Ordinance". http://www.tribalresourcecenter.org/ccfolder/sisseton_wahpeton_codeoflaw2.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-11.
^ Descendants of Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse break away from US, Agence France-Presse news
^ Bill Harlan (21 December 2007). "Lakota group secedes from U.S.". Rapid City Journal. http://www.rapidcityjournal.com/articles/2007/12/21/news/local/doc476a99630633e335271152.txt. Retrieved 2007-12-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Mails, Thomas E. (1973). Dog Soldiers, Bear Men, and Buffalo Women: A Study of the Societies and Cults of the Plains Indians. Prentice-Hall, Inc.. ISBN 0-13-217216-X.
^ Parks, D. R.; DeMallie, R. J. (1992). "Sioux, Assiniboine, and Stoney Dialects: a Classification". Anthropological Linguistics 34 (1-4).
^ OneRoad, Amos E.; Alanson Skinner (2003). Being Dakota: Tales and Traditions of the Sisseton and Wahpeton. Minnesota Historical Society. ISBN 0-87351-453-X.
^ not to be confused with the Oglala thiyóšpaye bearing the same name, "Unkpatila", the most famous member of which was Crazy Horse
^ http://www.ted.com/talks/aaron_huey.html
^ Upham, Warren (2001). Minnesota Place Names, A Geographical Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition. Saint Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society. p. 75. ISBN 0-87351-396-7.
^ Manitoba Plaque
^ [1]

External links [link]

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Myths And Legends Of The Sioux
Native American Heritage Association NAHA - Native American Heritage Association Charity Organization
A compressed History of the Sioux TED talk by photographer Aaron Huey

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Mariee Sioux

Background information
Birth name	Mariee Sioux Sobonya
Born	February 4, 1985 Humboldt County, California
Origin	Nevada City, California
Genres	Folk, psych folk
Occupations	Singer, songwriter, musician
Instruments	Acoustic guitar
Years active	2006–present
Labels	Grass Roots Records, Almost Musique
Website	http://www.myspace.com/marieesioux/
Notable instruments
Acoustic guitar, Native American flute, mandolin

Mariee Sioux (born February 4, 1985) is an American folk singer-songwriter. Her father Gary Sobonya is a mandolin player of Polish and Hungarian descent, and her mother Felicia is of Spanish, Paiute, and Indigenous Mexican descent.

1 Biography
2 Gift for the End
3 Discography
4 References
5 External links

Biography [link]

She grew up in Nevada City, California,^[1]^[2] where she wrote verses since she was a young child. At 17 she traveled to Patagonia to volunteer at a school for indigenous children where she taught herself to play the guitar,^[1] and in 2006 she debuted her first self-released album A Bundled Bundle of Bundles. A year later in 2007 she released her first studio album Faces in the Rocks which featured her delicate acoustic guitar music alongside the Native American flute by Gentle Thunder, and mandolin played by her father Gary Sobonya.^[2]^[3] The album had a Native American theme to it, filled with references to nature and the Native American people. Since the debut of her first album, she has drawn comparisons from Joanna Newsom to Joni Mitchell, and she has toured through North America and Europe, often alongside fellow folk singer Alela Diane.^[2]^[3]

She released a cover version of The Cure's "Lovesong", on the Manimal Vinyl tribute record to The Cure, entitled Perfect As Cats.

[edit] Gift for the End

Gift for the End, Mariee Sioux’s new album, draws its benevolent psychedelia from many sources. crisscrossed paths lead through California-folk like Joni Mitchell, Neil Young, Kate Wolf, and Joanna Newsom, but also the likes of Linda Perhacs, Nick Drake and other UK psych folk staples.

Gift for the End was recorded between April 2010 and August 2011 in Placerville’s Moonsoon Studios and in the Nevada City’s Sun Dial studios. Mariee Sioux added intricate vocal melodies to her traditional guitar picking, combining classic folk instruments with less conventional ones, allowing a wider personal and emotional exploration. As compared to the consistency and uniformity of her debut album, (Faces in the Rocks), "Gift for the End" offers a large variety of sounds, universes and themes. The exploration of Native themes synonymous with Mariee Sioux (ie: the use of traditional native flute in "Faces in the Rocks") are far more discreet in Gift for the End.

The guest musicians, for the most part, are close friends and family members, and add subtle washes of color and tone over the steady finger-picking and clear, fragile vocals of Mariee Sioux. Gift for the End was produced and arranged by Mariee's partner Sean Kae, who treats the traditional folk instruments with psychedelic effects while blending in analog synths, electric guitar, and layers upon layers of vocal harmonies. With little percussion present on the record, that which is used is sparing and low in the mix. Mariee's finger-picking instead keeps the time steadily throughout the record. Vocal harmonies abound in this record, sometimes many at once.

Electric guitar blends with silver flute and synthesized flute ("Tule"), delicate strokes of Wurlitzer and silver flute create the feeling of live and intimate performance ("Icarus Eye"), warm piano, classic lyrics and layered harmonies mesh ("Old Magic"), new age washes of analog synthesizer and Mellotron unfold in landscapes ("White Fanged Foreverness"), loose, abstract country western percussion with flanged chord organ support toothy electric guitar riffs ("Twin Song"), arpeggiating synths and mandolin create reminders of English psyche-folk landscapes ("Homeopathic") Doubled vocals and male harmonies accompany light piano trills and organs ("Ghost in my Heart") and simple, galloping percussion underpins surreal lyricism and simple, catchy melodies ("Swimming Through Stone").

Released in Europe March 5, 2012 on Almost Musique Released in US April 2012 on Whale Watch Records

Discography [link]

Pray Me A Shadow (self released, 2004)
A Bundled Bundle of Bundles (self released, 2006)
Faces in the Rocks (Grass Roots Records, 2007)
Two Tongues At One Time/Buried In Teeth 7" (Grass Roots Records, 2007)
Gift for the End (Almost Musique Records, 2012)
Bonnie & Mariee (Spiritual Pajamas, 2012)^[4]

References [link]

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Mariee Sioux

Mariee Sioux on Whale Watch Records
Mariee Sioux Official Myspace Page
Mariee Sioux Lastfm Page
live video February, 12th 2009 Rouen, France
acoustic session for Europe and co Rouen, France
Mariee Sioux on Almost Musique
Official Tumblr

Persondata
Name	Sioux, Mariee
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	February 4, 1985
Place of birth	Humboldt County, California
Date of death
Place of death

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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariee_Sioux

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

This article is about the rock singer and lead vocalist for the Banshees. For the Korean-American alternative folk singer, see Susie Suh.

Siouxsie Sioux
Siouxsie performing in 1980
Background information
Birth name	Susan Janet Ballion
Born	(1957-05-27) 27 May 1957 (age 55) London, England
Genres	Post-punk, New Wave, gothic rock, alternative rock, punk rock
Occupations	Musician, songwriter, singer, producer
Instruments	Vocals, guitar, piano, bass, percussion
Years active	1976–present
Labels	Polydor, Geffen, Sioux, W14
Associated acts	Siouxsie and the Banshees, The Creatures
Website	www.siouxsie.com

Siouxsie Sioux (/ˈsuːziː suː/ born Susan Janet Ballion; 27 May 1957) is an English singer-songwriter. She is best known as the lead singer of rock band Siouxsie and the Banshees (1976–1996) and of its splinter group The Creatures (1981–2005). The Banshees produced eleven studio albums and a string of hit singles including "Hong Kong Garden", "Happy House", "Peek-a-Boo" and "Kiss Them for Me". With The Creatures, Siouxsie recorded four studio albums and the hit single "Right Now".

She has also sung with artists such as Morrissey^[1] and John Cale.^[2] In the mid 2000s, she began a solo career and released MantaRay in 2007.

Siouxsie is considered to be "one of the most influential British singers of the rock era".^[3] Her songs have been covered by Jeff Buckley,^[4] Tricky,^[5] Massive Attack,^[6] and LCD Soundsystem.^[7] Her records have also been praised by a wide range of other artists including PJ Harvey^[8] and TV on the Radio.^[9]

In 2011, she was awarded for Outstanding Contribution To Music at the Q Awards^[10] and in 2012, at the Ivor Novello Awards, she received the "Inspiration Award".^[11]

1 Biography
2 Influence on other artists
3 Musical genre
4 Personal life
5 Discography
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links

Biography [link]

Early life (1957–76)[link]

Siouxsie was born Susan Janet Ballion on 27 May 1957 at Guy's Hospital in Southwark, Central London, England.^[12] She was the youngest of three children; ten years separate her from her elder brother and sister. Her two elder siblings were born while the family was based in the Belgian Congo.^[12] Her parents met in that colony and stayed working there for a few years. Her mother, Betty, was a bilingual English secretary and her father was a Belgian Walloon bacteriologist who milked venom from snakes. In the late 1950s, before Siouxsie's birth, the family transferred to England. The Ballions resided in Chislehurst, a suburb in south-east London. Her father died prematurely due to cirrhosis of the liver when Siouxsie was 14 years old. This had an adverse effect on her health. She survived a life-threatening bout of ulcerative colitis, which she would later say "completely demystified the body" for her.^[13]

During her adolescence, she was a self-described "loner,"^[14] who enjoyed listening to the music of male outsiders: David Bowie, Lou Reed, Marc Bolan, Bryan Ferry of Roxy Music and Iggy Pop of The Stooges. She went out with other young people who were interested in the same kind of music and glam fashion.

At 17, she left school. It was during this period that she began frequenting the local gay discos where most of her sister's friends used to go.^[15] She introduced her own friends to that scene. In November 1975, a new young group called the Sex Pistols performed at the local art college in Chislehurst. Siouxsie didn't attend, but one of her friends told her how their singer threatened the string of students present at that gig. He added that they sounded like the Stooges. In February 1976, Siouxsie and her friend Steven Severin went to see the Pistols play in the capital. After chatting with members of the band, Siouxsie and Steven decided to follow them regularly.^[16] In the following months, journalist Caroline Coon coined the term "Bromley Contingent" to describe this group of eccentric teenagers devoted to the Sex Pistols.^[17]

Siouxsie became well known in the London club scene for her glam, fetish and bondage attire, which were later notable of punk fashion^[14] She would also later epitomise goth style with her signature cat-eye makeup, deep red lipstick, spiky dyed-black hair, and black clothing.^[14]

In early September 1976, the Bromley Contingent followed the Pistols to France, where Siouxsie was beaten up for wearing a black armband with a swastika on it. She claimed her intent was to shock the bourgeoisie, not to make a political statement.^[18] She would later write the songs "Metal Postcard (Mittageisen)" (in memory of the anti-Nazi artist John Heartfield) and the single "Israel".^[19]

Following the adage of DIY and the idea that the people in the audience could be the people on stage, Siouxsie and Severin decided to form a band. When a support slot for the 100 Club Punk Festival organised by Malcolm McLaren opened up, they decided to try their chance, although at that time they did not know how to play any songs. On 20 September 1976, they improvised music as Siouxsie recited poems and prayers she had memorised. The performance lasted twenty minutes.

For critic Jon Savage, Siouxsie was "unlike any female singer before or since, commanding yet aloof, entirely modern."^[20] She opened a new era for women in music as Viv Albertine from The Slits would later comment:

"Siouxsie just appeared fully made, fully in control, utterly confident. It totally blew me away. There she was doing something that I dared to dream but she took it and did it and it wiped the rest of the festival for me, that was it. I can't even remember everything else about it except that one performance."^[21]

One of Siouxsie's first public appearances was with the Sex Pistols on Bill Grundy's television show, on Thames Television in December 1976. Standing next to the band, Siouxsie made fun of the presenter when he asked her how she was doing. She responded : "I've always wanted to meet you, Bill". Grundy, who was drunk, suggested a meeting after the show. That directly provoked a reaction of Pistols guitarist Steve Jones who pronounced a series of rude words never heard before on access prime time television.^[22] This episode created a media furore with front covers of several tabloids, including the Daily Mirror with the title: "Siouxsie's A Punk Shocker". This event had a major impact on the Pistols' subsequent career and within a week, they became a household name.

Not liking the clichés put forward by the press, Siouxsie distanced herself from that scene and stopped seeing the Pistols. She decided to focus all her energy on her own band: The Banshees.^[23]

Siouxsie and the Banshees (1977–96)[link]

Main article: Siouxsie and the Banshees

In 1977, Siouxsie began touring in England with Severin on bass guitar as Siouxsie and the Banshees. One year later, their first single, "Hong Kong Garden," reached the top 10 in the UK.^[24] With its oriental-inflected xylophone motif, it was depicted by critics as "a bright, vivid narrative, something like snapshots from the window of a speeding Japanese train, power charged by the most original, intoxicating guitar playing heard in a long, long time."^[25]

Their first album, 1978's The Scream, was described by Nick Kent in the NME in the following terms:^[26] "The band sounds like some unique hybrid of The Velvet Underground mated with much of the ingenuity of Tago Mago-era Can, if any parallel can be drawn." At the end of the article, he added this remark: "Certainly, the traditional three-piece sound has never been used in a more unorthodox fashion with such stunning results." The Scream was later hailed by the NME as one of the best debut albums of all time with Patti Smith's Horses.^[27] Join Hands followed in 1979.

The 1980 album Kaleidoscope marked a change of musical direction with the arrival of John McGeoch, considered "one of the most innovative and influential guitarists of the past thirty years".^[28] The hit single "Happy House" was qualified as "great pop" with "liquid guitar"^[29] and other songs like "Red Light" were layered with electronic sounds. Kaleidoscope widened Siouxsie's audience, reaching the top 5 in the UK charts. Juju followed in 1981, reaching number 7; the singles "Spellbound" and "Arabian Knights" were described as "pop marvels" by the Guardian.^[30] During recording sessions for Juju, Siouxsie and drummer Budgie formed a percussion-oriented side project called The Creatures, inspired by the stripped-down sound of vocal and drum tracks. The first record from the duo was the EP Wild Things.

Main article: The Creatures

In 1982, the British press greeted the Siouxsie and the Banshees' album A Kiss in the Dreamhouse enthusiastically.^[31] Richard Cook in the NME finished his review with "I promise. This music will take your breath away." ^[32]

In 1983, Siouxsie went to Hawaii to record The Creatures' first album Feast, which included the hit-single "Miss the Girl". During the summer, Siouxsie and Budgie hit again the charts with "Right Now", a song from Mel Tormé's repertoire; the Creatures re-orchestrated it with brass arrangements.^[33] Then with the Banshees and guitarist Robert Smith of The Cure, she covered The Beatles' "Dear Prudence", reaching number three on the UK Singles Chart.^[34] Two albums followed with Smith: Nocturne, recorded live in London and Hyæna in 1984. 1986's Tinderbox and the 1987 covers album Through the Looking Glass both reached the top 15 in the UK.^[35]

In 1988, the single "Peek-a-Boo" marked a musical departure from her previous work: it anticipated hip hop-inspired rock with the use of samples. The song was praised by the NME as "oriental marching band hip hop with farting horns and catchy accordion"^[36] and hailed by the Melody Maker as "a brightly unexpected mixture of black steel and pop disturbance."^[37] The Peepshow album was considered by critics to be the Banshees' most successful album in years.^[38]

Siouxsie then temporarily reformed the Creatures with Budgie and went to Spain to record Boomerang. In his review, Simon Reynolds said that it was her "most inventive and invigorated music since A Kiss in the Dreamhouse.".^[39]

In 1991 with the dance-oriented "Kiss Them for Me" single, she used South Asian instrumentation which had become popular in the UK club scene with the growth of bhangra.^[40]^[41] Indian Tabla player Talvin Singh (who would later be Björk's percussionist on her 1993's Debut album) took part in the session and provided vocals for the bridge. With Kiss Them for Me, the singer scored a hit on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 peaking at number 23.^[42] After the release of Superstition that received enthusiastic reviews,^[43] she co-headlined the first Lollapalooza tour, further increasing her American following.

Siouxsie at the first Lollapalooza in Irvine, California, 1991

In 1992, the Banshees recorded the single "Face to Face" and began a hiatus of a few years. The last Banshees studio album, The Rapture, was released in 1995. After the accompanying tour, the Banshees announced their split during a press conference called "20 minutes into 20 years".^[44]

The Creatures and collaborations (1993–2003)[link]

In the mid-1990s, Siouxsie started to make one-off collaborations with other artists.

Suede invited her at a benefit concert for Red Hot Organization. She delivered with guitarist Bernard Butler a version of Lou Reed's "Carolyne Says" : Spin reviewed it as "haughty and stately".^[45]

Morrissey, ex-leader of The Smiths, recorded a duet with Siouxsie in 1994. They both sang on the single "Interlude", a track that was initially performed by Timi Yuro, a female torch singer of the 1960s. "Interlude" was released under the banner of "Morrissey and Siouxsie".

In 1995, she released the song "The Lighthouse" on the French producer Hector Zazou's album Chansons des mers froides which translates to Songs from the Cold Seas. Siouxsie and Zazou adapted the poem "Flannan Isle" by English poet Wilfred Wilson Gibson.

In February 1998, former Velvet Underground member John Cale invited her at a festival called "With a Little Help From My Friends" that took place at the Paradiso in Amsterdam. The concert was shown on Dutch national television and featured an unreleased composition of Sioux, "Murdering Mouth" sung in duet with Cale.^[46] The collaboration between the two artists worked so well that they decided to tour the USA during the summer, performing "Murdering Mouth" and Cale's "Gun" together.

The following year, Siouxsie and Budgie released the first Creatures album since the split of the Banshees. Anima Animus was described by The Times as "hypnotic and inventive".^[47] Also in 1999, the Creatures collaborated with Marc Almond on the track "Threat Of Love."

In 2002, she was rated the number seven female rock artist by Q magazine in 2002.^[48] Universal put out shortly after The Best of Siouxsie and the Banshees as the first re-issue of her back catalogue.

In 2003, Siouxsie was featured on the track "Cish Cash" by Basement Jaxx. The album Kish Kash won Best Electronic/Dance Album at the Grammy Awards.^[49] Siouxsie then released the last Creatures album, Hai! which was in part recorded in Japan. Peter Wratts wrote in Time Out: "Her voice is the dominant instrument here, snaking and curling around the bouncing drumming backdrop, elegiac and inhuman as she chants, purrs and whispers her way around the album." He termed the record a "spine-tingling achievement."^[50]

Solo career (2004–present)[link]

Siouxsie at the Saturday Night Fiber, Madrid 2008

In 2004, she toured for the first time as a solo act combining Banshees and Creatures songs. A live DVD called Dreamshow recorded the last concert, in London, September 2004, performed with the Millennia Ensemble. Released in August 2005, this DVD reached the number one position in the UK music DVD charts.^[51]

Her first solo album MantaRay was released in September 2007. Pitchfork Media wrote "She really is pop" before finishing the review by declaring "It's a success."^[52] Mojo magazine stated "a thirst for sonic adventure radiates from each track".^[53]

In 2008, Siouxsie performed vocals for the track "Careless Love" on the The Edge of Love soundtrack by composer Angelo Badalamenti, frequent collaborator with director David Lynch. She sang on the title "Careless Love". She later performed another Badalamenti number "Who Will Take My Dreams Away" at the annual edition of the World Soundtrack Awards.^[54]

After a year of touring, the singer played the last show of her tour in London in September. A live DVD of this performance called Finale: The Last Mantaray And More Show was released in 2009.

In October 2011, Siouxsie announced that there was "plenty more new material to come",^[10] including a new album.^[55]

Influence on other artists [link]

“	Her voice is, in its own right, the common thread through all of it. There is no one who sings like that. And I think there are a lot of people who were influenced by it, but even if you try and sing like her, you can’t do that. You can’t throw your voice like that. You can’t throw harmony like that. That is a very distinct voice. Her technique is a thread between the really far-out stuff and opera and pop music. It’s distinct. It’s all her own.	”
	— Dave Sitek of TV on the Radio, ^[56]

Siouxsie's influence on modern music has been considerable.^[3]^[14]

Siouxsie had a strong impact on two trip-hop acts. Tricky covered the 1983's proto trip-hop "Tattoo" to open his second album Nearly God^[57] and Massive Attack sampled "Metal Postcard" on their song "Superpredators (Metal Postcard)" for the soundtrack to the film The Jackal.^[58]

Other acts also covered Siouxsie's songs. Jeff Buckley, who took inspiration in various female singers, performed live "Killing Time", composed by Siouxsie and Budgie in 1989 for the Creatures album Boomerang: Buckley first sang it in 1992 for radio WFMU.^[59]^[60] LCD Soundsystem recorded a cover of "Slowdive" for the B-side of "Disco Infiltrator": their version was also released on Introns.^[61] Santigold based one of her tracks on the music of "Red Light" : "'My Superman' is an interpolation of a Siouxsie Sioux song, 'Red Light'".^[62] In 2003, The Beta Band sampled "Painted Bird" and changed the title in "Liquid Bird" on their Heroes to Zeros album.^[63] Red Hot Chili Peppers performed "Christine" at the V2001 festival and introduced it to their British audience as "your national anthem".^[64] Lo-fi songwriter Jeremy Jay revisited "Lunar Camel" on his debut Airwalker EP. Indie folk group DeVotchKa covered the ballad "The Last Beat of My Heart" on the suggestion of Arcade Fire singer, Win Butler; it was released on the Curse Your Little Heart EP.^[65]

Siouxsie has also been hailed by other critically acclaimed groups. Morrissey, previously of The Smiths said that "Siouxsie and the Banshees were excellent. They were one of the great groups of the late 70s, early 80s".^[66] He also stated of modern groups in 1994: "None of them are as good as Siouxsie and the Banshees at full pelt. That's not dusty nostalgia, that's fact." ^[67] Another ex-member of The Smiths, Johnny Marr mentioned that he rated very high guitarist John McGeoch for his work on Siouxsie's single "Spellbound". Marr qualified it as "clever" with "really good picky thing going on which is very un-rock'n'roll."^[68] Radiohead also cited McGeoch-era Siouxsie records when mentioning the recording of "There There".^[69]

Siouxsie has influenced other bands ranging from contemporaries U2^[70] and The Cure^[71] to later acts like The Jesus and Mary Chain,^[72] Jane's Addiction^[73] and TV on the Radio.^[74] U2 Frontman Bono named her as model in the band's 2006 autobiography U2 by U2. He was inspired by her way of singing.^[70] With his band, he selected "Christine" for a compilation made for Mojo's readers.^[75] U2 guitarist The Edge also was the presenter of an award given to Siouxsie at a Mojo ceremony in 2005.^[76]^[77] The Cure's Robert Smith declared in 2003: "Siouxsie and The Banshees and Wire were the two bands I really admired. They meant something."^[71] He also pinpointed what the Join Hands tour brought him musically. "On stage that first night with the Banshees, I was blown away by how powerful I felt playing that kind of music. It was so different to what we were doing with The Cure. Before that, I'd wanted us to be like The Buzzcocks or Elvis Costello, the punk Beatles. Being a Banshee really changed my attitude to what I was doing."^[78] For his record The Head on the Door in 1985, he stated : "It reminds me of the Kaleidoscope album, the idea of having lots of different sounding things, different colors".^[79] Dave Navarro of Jane's Addiction once made a parallel between his band and the Banshees: "there are so many similar threads: melody, use of sound, attitude, sex-appeal. I always saw Jane's Addiction as the masculine Siouxsie & the Banshees."^[73] From a younger generation, Dave Sitek of TV on the Radio mentioned the poppiest songs of Siouxsie for the arrangements: "I've always tried to make a song that begins like "Kiss Them for Me". I think songs like "I Was a Lover" or "Wash the Day away" came from that element of surprise mode where all of a sudden this giant drum comes in and you're like, what the fuck?! That record was the first one where I was like, okay, even my friends're going to fall for this. I feel like that transition into that record was a relief for me. Really beautiful music was always considered too weird by the normal kids and that was the first example where I thought, we've got them, they're hooked! I watched people dance to that song, people who had never heard of any of the music that I listened to, they heard that music in a club and went crazy.^[74]

Siouxsie has also been hailed by female singers. PJ Harvey selected Anima Animus album by Siouxsie's second band The Creatures, in her top ten favourite albums of the year 1999.^[80] Garbage's singer, Shirley Manson cited her as an influence : "I learned how to sing listening to The Scream and Kaleidoscope."^[81] The singer of Garbage also mentioned that Siouxsie embodied everything she wanted to be as a young woman.^[82] Gossip cited her as one of their influences for their 2009's Music For Men.^[83] Ana Matronic of Scissor Sisters named Sioux as a source of inspiration and the Banshees as her favourite band.^[84]

Electronica singer Santigold has said :

I keep a Rolodex of the women that vocally inspire me. There aren't that many, but she's definitely one of them. I remember one of the first times I heard "Red Light" it was at a party, and I remember going up to the DJ and being like, "Who's this?". It was that good. I kind of stopped and was like... wow. There's not a tremendous amount of women who are bold and forward thinking as artists. I feel like her music, at the time especially, was pretty unique in the way that it sort of matched her style. The freedom of experimenting with this dark place that doesn't have a place often in modern music.^[62]

Musical genre [link]

Garbage's singer Shirley Manson said:

“	(In 1981), the press began to describe them as a goth band. I never thought of them as goth. Goth has never been particularly angry, just a little dismayed. It had a weak, submissive side to it. Siouxsie & The Banshees always had a real edge to what they did. There was so much articulated spite, humour, politics with a small 'p' there that I never felt they went down that simple, gloomy path. People try to pass them off as a goth band because they find them dangerous and don't understand them. Today, I can see and hear the Banshees' influence all over the place.	”
	— Garbage's singer, Shirley Manson, ^[85]

Personal life [link]

Sioux married Budgie in May 1991. The following year, they moved to the southwest of France.^[86]

In an interview with The Sunday Times in August 2007, she announced that she and Budgie had divorced.^[87] In an interview with The Independent, she said, "I've never particularly said I'm hetero or I'm a lesbian. I know there are people who are definitely one way, but not really me. I suppose if I am attracted to men then they usually have more feminine qualities."^[88]

Discography [link]

For her works with Siouxsie and the Banshees, see Siouxsie and the Banshees discography.

For her works with The Creatures, see The Creatures discography.

Solo album [link]

Year	Album details	Peak chart positions
Year	Album details	UK ^[89]	FRA ^[90]
2007	MantaRay Release date: 10 September 2007 Label: Universal Records	39	132

Solo singles [link]

Year	Single	Peak positions	Album
Year	Single	UK ^[91]	Album
2007	"Into a Swan"	59	MantaRay
2007	"Here Comes That Day"	103
2008	"About to Happen"	154

Featured singles [link]

Year	Single	Artist	Peak positions	Album
Year	Single	Artist	UK ^[92]	Album
1994	"Interlude"	Morrissey & Siouxsie	25	Non-album song

DVD [link]

2005 Dreamshow #1 UK
2009 Finale: The Last Mantaray and More Show #4 UK

Collaborations with other artists [link]

in studio [link]

Morrissey: "Interlude" (single recorded in duet) (1994)
Hector Zazou: "The Lighthouse" (song recorded as guest on the Chansons des mers froides Songs from the Cold Seas album) (1995)
Marc Almond: "Threat of Love" (song recorded in duet for the Open All Night album) (1999)
Basement Jaxx: "Cish Cash" (song recorded as guest on the Kish Kash album) (2003)
Angelo Badalamenti: "Careless Love" (song recorded as guest for The Edge of Love film soundtrack) (2008)

live [link]

Suede : "Carolyne Says" (written by Lou Reed, performed on 30 July 1993 at a "Red Hot & AIDS Benefit" concert)^[93]
John Cale : "Murdering Mouth" (unreleased Siouxsie's song), (duet performed several times live in 1998, first in Amsterdam, 25-2-98 and many other times during their collaborative summer US'tour)

Film appearances of songs include The Punk Rock Movie (Don Letts, 1977); Jubilee (Derek Jarman, 1977); Out of Bounds (Richard Tuggle, 1986); Batman Returns (Tim Burton,1992); Showgirls (Paul Verhoeven, 1995); The Craft (Andrew Fleming, 1996); Grosse Pointe Blank (George Armitage, 1997); The Filth and the Fury (Julien Temple, 2000); 24 Hour Party People (Michael Winterbottom, 2002); Marie Antoinette (Sofia Coppola, 2006); Monster House (Gil Kenan, 2006); Notes on a Scandal (Richard Eyre, 2006); Doomsday (Neil Marshall, 2008)

Notes [link]

^ Morrissey & Siouxsie released the single "Interlude" on August 1994 on EMI Records in Europe.
^ Siouxsie and John Cale in duet. "Murdering Mouth". Amsterdam, Paradiso (With the Metropole Orchestra). 25 February 1998. "Murdering Mouth" is an unreleased Sioux song.
^ ^a ^b Stone, Doug. "Siouxsie'biography" Allmusicguide.com. "One of the most influential British females in rock"
^ Untiedundone.com archives Jeff Buckley covered "Killing Time" at the radio WFMU Studios, East Orange, NJ, 10.11.92. "Killing Time" is a Siouxsie song from The Creatures' Boomerang album
^ "Moon-palace.de" Tricky Web Site. Tricky covered Siouxsie's "Tattoo" ; it's the opening track of his second album Nearly God
^ "Inflightdata.com" Massive Attack site Massive Attack sampled & covered "Metal Postcard" (from 1978's The Scream album) in 1997 on the film soundtrack The Jackal
^ "Introns 2006" jacksonfreepress.com. LCD Soundsystem covered Slowdive" (from 1982's A Kiss In The Dreamhouse) on this Introns cd
^ "7th January 2000 PJ selects her Top 10 Albums of 1999". Pjharvey.net. 7 January 2000. PJ Harvey cited Anima Animus of Siouxsie/The Creatures amongst her favourite albums of 1999 - Artist / Album Title : Bonnie Prince Billy I See a Darkness, Yat-Kha Dalai Beldiri, Tricky with DJ Muggs & Grease Juxtapose, The Rachel’s Selenography, Various Book of Life Soundtrack, The Creatures Anima Animus, Guided By Voices Do The Collapse, The Black Heart Procession Eponymous, Billy Bragg & Wilco Mermaid Avenue, The Kamkars Kani Sepi
^ "Icon: Siouxsie", The Fader Magazine, The Icon Issue 67, April/May 2010. Page 71: Dave Sitek (David Andrew Sitek) TV on the Radio. "I've always tried to make a song that begins like "Kiss Them for Me". I think songs like "I Was a Lover" or "Wash the Day away" came from that element of surprise mode where all of a sudden this giant drum comes in and you're like, what the fuck?! That record was the first one where I was like, okay, even my friends who don't know who The Cure or Sonic Youth are, they're going to fall for this. I feel like that transition into that record was a relief for me. Really beautiful music was always considered too weird by the normal kids and that was the first example where I thought, we've got them, they're hooked! I watched people dance to that song, people who had never heard of any of the music that I listened to, they heard that music in a club and went crazy.
^ ^a ^b Siouxsie Sioux: 'There plenty more new material to come from me'. Qthemusic.com". 25.10.11. Retrieved 2-11-11.
^ "The Ivor Novello Awards". NME. 17 May 2012. http://www.nme.com/news/adele/63846. Retrieved 18-5-2012.
^ ^a ^b Johns, Brian. P.8
^ Paytress, Mark
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d William Show. "In at the Deep End". Word (September 2005).
^ Paytress, Mark. P.23
^ Paytress, Mark. P.30
^ Paytress, Mark. P.42
^ Paytress, p. 32
^ Paytress, p. 104
^ Savage, Jon. Spin. June 1986. Page 66
^ Queens of British Pop. BBC One. Air Date : 1 April 2009.
^ "Sex Pistols on Bill Grundy's 'Today' show most requested clip". NME.com. 28 July 2008. http://www.nme.com/news/sex-pistols/38482. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
^ Paytress, Mark. pp 47-48
^ Johns, Brian. p. 94
^ Rambali, Paul. "Hong Kong Garden" review. NME. 19 August 1978.
^ Kent, Nick. "Bansheed! What's in an image?". NME. 26 August 1978.
^ Watson, Don. "Siouxsie's Sombrero Bolero". NME. 15 December 1984. "After Patti Smith's ‘Horses’, ‘The Scream’ is the best debut LP of all time. Was it 1978 or ten years on? From the underwater claustrophobia of its cover, through the fractured monochrome scenarios to the morbid fascination of ‘Switch’s’ final flickers, its poetry in sound and splinters."
^ Simpson, Dave (12 March 2004). Obituary - John McGeoch: Innovative and influential guitarist of the post-punk era. http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/2004/mar/12/guardianobituaries.artsobituaries.
^ Paulo Hewitt (26 July 1980). "Siouxsie's sketches". Melody Maker. Rock's Backpages (subscription required). http://rocksbackpages.com/article.html?ArticleID=15540. Retrieved 2-1-2012.
^ Petridis, Alexis. "The Guardian, 1000 albums to hear before you die". Guardian.co.uk.21 November 2007. "Perennial masters of brooding suspense, the Banshees honed their trademark aloof art-rock to its hardest and darkest pitch on Juju. With their musical alchemy at its peak and Siouxie at her most imperious, pop marvels such as Spellbound and Arabian Knights were poised, peerless exercises in magic realism that you could dance to."
^ Sutherland, Steve. "Awakening Dreams" [A Kiss in the Dreamhouse review]. Melody Maker. 6 November 1982. "The Banshees achieve an awesome, effective new pop without so much as a theory or qualm." "Dreamhouse" is an intoxicating achievement."
^ Cook, Richard. "A Kiss in the Dreamhouse"review. NME. 6 November 1982.
^ "Right Now" was remastered in 1997 for The Bestiary of the Creatures
^ Paytress, pp 137, 143
^ Johns, Brian. p. 95
^ Quantick, David. "Peek-A-Boo" review. NME. 23 July 1988.
^ Mathur, Paul. "Born Again Savages". Melody Maker. 9 July 1988.
^ Cooper, Mark. "Peepshow" review. Q Magazine. September 1988. "Peepshow takes place in some distorted fairground of the mind where weird and wonderful shapes loom."
^ Reynolds, Simon. "Boomerang" review. Melody Maker. 11 November 1989.
^ Ken Hunt. "Bhangra and Giddha". allmusic.com. http://www.allmusic.com/explore/essay/bhangra-and-giddha-t633. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
^ John Bush. "Talvin Singh". allmusic.com. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/talvin-singh-p125628/biography. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
^ "Billboard page with the Siouxsie and the Banshees us singles chart positions" Allmusicguide.com
^ Southwell, Tim. "Superstition" review. NME, 15 June 1991. "With the delicious 'Kiss Them for Me' gracing the Gallup Top 40 with a touch of real class, the release of Siouxsie and the Banshees' 10th studio LP could not have come at a better time. 'Superstition' is a giant of a record, casting a sinister shadow over the listener in true Banshee style."
^ "Split In The Dreamhouse". Melody Maker. 13 April 1996.
^ Craven, Art. "Suede The Grand London 12 July 1993". Spin. October 1993. page 112
^ Siouxsie and John Cale. "Murdering Mouth". Amsterdam, Paradiso (With the Metropole Orchestra). 25 February 1998
^ "Anima Animus" review. The Times. 2 February 1999.
^ "100 Women Who Rock The World" Q magazine. January 2002
^ "47th Annual Grammy Awards Winners". Billboard. 13 February 2005. Best Electronic/Dance Album: "Kish Kash," Basement Jaxx (XL Recordings/Astralwerks
^ Wratts, Peter. "Hai!" review. Time Out. "Her voice is the dominant instrument here, snaking and curling around the bouncing drumming backdrop, elegiac and inhuman as she chants, purrs and whispers her way around the album. The centrepiece is the tense, sensual, whirl of 'Tourniquet', a spellbinding nine minutes around which the rest of the album hangs, awed but not unbowed but it is presence. 'Landlocked/ wind and bind/you grind and grind', growls Siouxsie with a seductive sneer. It's a virile, sultry salute to lust and bondage, and will cure anybody of their hangover. A spine-tingling achievement."
^ "Siouxsie Number One in UK Music DVD chart". The Creatures Web Site. 30 August 2005. "Dreamshow" Siouxsie Number One in UK Music DVD Chart
^ Abebe, Nitsuh. "Mantaray" review Pitchforkmedia. 4 September 2007.
^ "Mantaray" review. Mojo. September 2007, p. 102
^ Siouxsie Sioux and Angelo Badalamenti. "Who will take my dreams away" Gent, the World Soundtrack Awards 2008
^ "PLUS!: In The Studio with". Mojo. January 2012. Issue 218.
^ "Icon: Siouxsie", The Fader Magazine, The Icon Issue 67, April/May 2010. Page 66
^ "moon-palace.de" Tricky web Site. Tricky covered "Tattoo" for the opening track of his second album Nearly God in 1996
^ "Inflightdata.com" Massive Attack sampled & covered "Metal Postcard" in 1997 on the film soundtrack The Jackal
^ "Untiedundone.com" archives Buckley's version of "Killing Time" performed at the radio WFMU Studios, East Orange, NJ, 10.11.92 "Killing Time" is a Siouxsie/The Creatures song from the Creatures's Boomerang album
^ "JeffBuckley-fr.net" list of songs covered by Jeff Buckley including "Killing Time" composed by Siouxsie for The Creatures.
^ "jacksonfreepress.com" LCD Soundsystem covered Slowdive on this Itrons CD
^ ^a ^b "Icon: Siouxsie", The Fader Magazine, The Icon Issue 67, April/May 2010. Page 73
^ Lapatine, Scott. "Earlash". April 2004. "EL: On previous albums you’ve used some left-field samples as a jumping off point to do something new and original. JM: Yeah, we’ve got Siouxsie and the Banshees on this record. It was Robin’s idea." "Liquid Bird" featured a sample of Siouxsie and the Banshees's "Painted Bird" from the album A Kiss in the Dreamhouse.
^ "Saunalahti.fi" (Red Hot Chilli Peppers'site). setlist of the Red Hot Chilli Peppers' concert performing "Christine" at the V2001 festival
^ "DeVotchka". laphil.com. April 2007. http://www.laphil.com/philpedia/artist-detail.cfm?id=3144. Retrieved 1 December 2011. "The Curse Your Little Heart EP showcases the band's versatility, reinterpreting tracks by the Velvet Underground, Frank Sinatra, Siouxsie and the Banshees, and others, in addition to taking on one of their own older songs. Could the band itself even have predicted what would transpire from the Arcade Fire's Win Butler's suggestion to the band that they take on 'Last Beat of My Heart?' The end result is the center-piece of the EP, a grand and soaring take on the song; a testament to the band's true unique ability to transform nearly anything via a sound only DeVotchka can create, and perhaps a look at the epic nature of where the band's own recordings may move in the future."
^ Blade, Richard. "KROQ interview" Morrissey-solo. air date: 6 July 1997.
^ Maconie, Stuart. "Hello Cruel World". Q Magazine. April 1994. "Weren't The Smiths supposed to be the reaction of beauty and charm after the snarling negativity of punk? Yes, they were beauty and charm but if you listen to songs like Sweet And Tender Hooligan... well, I don't like The Smiths being categorised as folk music. It wasn't like that. The appearances were extremely, expressively violent. And I wouldn't have had it any other way. But if you study modern groups, those who gain press coverage and chart action, most of them aren't actually as good as The Angelic Upstarts, aren't as exciting as Sham 69. None of them are as good as Siouxsie And The Banshees at full pelt. That's not dusty nostalgia, that's fact. Most modern groups as far as I can see are Creedence Clearwater Revival."
^ Mitchell, Pete. "Spellbound : the story of John McGeoch" BBC2. February 2008. About McGeoch's contribution of the single "Spellbound", Marr states: "It's so clever. He's got this really good picky thing going on which is very un-rock'n'roll and this actual tune he's playing is really quite mysterious." Radio 2’s Pete Mitchell talks to Howard Devoto, Siouxsie Sioux and Johnny Marr among others, as he shines a light on the life of this unsung guitar hero.
^ "Radiohead Official Biography - Capitol Canada". MuchMcapitolmusic.ca. http://web.archive.org/web/20060629064700/http://www.capitolmusic.ca/artist_page.asp?artist_id=1154. Retrieved 10-2-2012. "Colin Greenwood remembers: "The first single we're releasing is actually the longest song on the record. ("There There"). It was all recorded live in Oxford. We all got excited at the end because Nigel was trying to get Jonny to play like John McGeoch in Siouxsie And The Banshees. All the old farts in the band were in seventh heaven."
^ ^a ^b McCormick, Neil (ed), (2006). U2 by U2. HarperCollins Publishers, pp. 56, 58 and 96
^ ^a ^b Paytress, (interview of Robert Smith by Alexis Petridis), p. 95
^ "Jim Reid Duration: 1 hour". BBC Radio 6. Sunday 4 March 2012. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01cyrh9. Retrieved 28-5-12. "Jim Reid of The Jesus and Mary Chain plays some of his favourite records, including tracks by Pink Floyd, Siouxsie & the Banshees, The Monkees and Muddy Waters"
^ ^a ^b Paytress, p. 199
^ ^a ^b "Icon: Siouxsie", The Fader Magazine, The Icon Issue 67, April/May 2010. Page 74
^ U2 Wanderer U2'Compilation for Mojo featuring "Christine"
^ Mojo Awards 2005 Mojo Icon Award 2005 : Siouxsie Sioux presented by The Edge
^ The Creatures - Siouxsie Sioux Official Website. Archived News: Mojo Icon Award 17.06.05. Last night Siouxsie lifted the Icon Award and the Mojo Honours Awards. The award was given to her by U2's The Edge who cited Siouxsie as a big influence on Bono and U2 before handing over the Award. Retrieved 17 May 2007
^ Paytress, (Interview of Robert Smith by Alexis Petridis), p. 96
^ Sutherland, Steve. "A Suitable Case for Treatment". Melody Maker. 17 August 1985.
^ "7th January 2000 PJ selects her Top 10 Albums of 1999" Pjharvey.net. 7 January 2000. Artist Album Title : Bonnie Prince Billy I See a Darkness, Yat-Kha Dalai Beldiri, Tricky with DJ Muggs & Grease Juxtapose, The Rachel’s Selenography, Various Book of Life Soundtrack, The Creatures Anima Animus, Guided By Voices Do The Collapse, The Black Heart Procession Eponymous, Billy Bragg & Wilco Mermaid Avenue, The Kamkars Kani Sepi
^ Paytress, (foreword by Shirley Manson), p. 9
^ Simpson, Dave. "Rebellious Jukebox". "Garbage's Shirley Manson reveals what rings her bell". Melody Maker. 28 March 1998. 2 Siouxsie & the Banshees "The Scream". Primal Howl from the psychotic darklands of seventies punk. "Siouxsie embodied everything I wanted to be when I was a freaky adolescent. She was really articulate and string; there's so much power in songs like 'Jigsaw Feeling'. Siouxsie was my first schoolgirl crush. I always wanted black hair and black eyebrows but I couldn't have been further from that whole look because I was ginger! I still listen to 'The Scream' to this day and it's amazing."
^ Fitzmaurice, Larry. "Gossip Q&A" Spin.com. 28 April 2009. "What bands influenced the new album's sound? Everything from the Birthday Party to house music and Siouxsie and the Banshees."
^ Ellis, James. "Ana Matronic". Metro.co.uk. Monday, February 2, 2004. Ana Matronic from Scissor Sisters talked about her favourite band Siouxsie & the Banshees. "My big inspiration as far as music was concerned has always been rather scary women: Annie Lennox, Siouxsie Sioux - The Banshees were probably my favourite band ever - Debbie Harry, Lydia Lunch, Patti Smith. I dig the women who scare people."
^ Paytress, Mark. (Foreword by Manson, Shirley). "the Siouxsie & The Banshees the authorised Biography. Sanctuary 2003, p. 9
^ Paytress, Mark. Siouxsie & the banshees, The Authorized Biography. Sancturary 2003, p. 207
^ Cairns, Dan.Siouxsie Sioux is back in bloom. The Sunday Times. 26 August 2007
^ Eyre, Hermione. "The Punk Icon". The Independent. Retrieved 1 September 2007.
^ "Chart Stats - Siouxsie". chartstats.com. http://www.chartstats.com/artistinfo.php?id=11378. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
^ "lescharts.com - French charts portal". Hung Medien. http://www.lescharts.com/search.asp?cat=a&search=Siouxsie. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
^ "Chart Log UK: DJ S - The System of Life". The Official Charts Company. http://www.zobbel.de/cluk/CLUK_S.HTM. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
^ "Chart Stats - Morrissey and Siouxsie". chartstats.com. http://www.chartstats.com/artistinfo.php?id=7163. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
^ "Carolyne Says" London July 1993 Siouxsie with Bernard Butler from Suede introduced by Brett Anderson

References [link]

Paytress, Mark. Siouxsie & the Banshees: The Authorised Biography. Sanctuary, 2003. ISBN 1-86074-375-7
Johns, Brian. Entranced : the Siouxsie and the Banshees story. Omnibus Press, 1989. ISBN 0-7119-1773-b

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Siouxsie Sioux

Official site
The Banshees & Other Creatures U.K. A comprehensive website with an array of information.
Untiedundone A site with several articles and interviews from 1977.
Siouxsie on Myspace
Siouxsie Sioux at the Internet Movie Database

v t e Siouxsie Sioux

Studio album	MantaRay

Singles	"Interlude" "Into a Swan" "Here Comes That Day" "About to Happen"

Video/DVD	Dreamshow Finale: The Last Mantaray and More Show

Related articles	Siouxsie and the Banshees The Creatures Bromley Contingent

Siouxsie and the Banshees

Budgie
Steven Severin
Siouxsie Sioux

Studio albums

Live albums

Compilation albums

Once Upon a Time: The Singles
Twice Upon a Time: The Singles
The Best of Siouxsie and the Banshees
Downside Up
Gold
Voices on the Air: The Peel Sessions
20th Century Masters The Millennium Collection

EPs

The Thorn
The Peel Sessions (1987)
The Peel Sessions (1989)

Singles

Concert videos

Promotional films
and compilations

The Best of Siouxsie & the Banshees

Articles	Discography Personnel

Bands	Bromley Contingent Magazine The Cure The Creatures The Glove The Armoury Show

Albums	Feast Blue Sunshine Boomerang Anima Animus Hai! MantaRay

Songs	"Like an Animal" "Punish Me with Kisses" "Standing There" "Fury Eyes" "Into a Swan" "About to Happen" "Here Comes That Day"

v t e The Creatures

Siouxsie Sioux Budgie

Studio albums	Feast Boomerang Anima Animus Hai!

Compilations	A Bestiary Of Hybrids U.S. Retrace

EPs	Wild Things Eraser Cut Something Old Something New Something Borrowed Now Buy Zulu

Singles	"Miss the Girl" "Right Now" "Standing There" "Fury Eyes" "2nd Floor" "Say" "Prettiest Thing" "Godzilla!"

Live albums	Zulu Sequins in the Sun Utrecht Tivoli 06/03/90

Related articles	Discography Siouxsie and the Banshees Siouxsie

Persondata
Name	Sioux, Siouxsie
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	27 May 1957
Place of birth	London, England
Date of death
Place of death

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