- published: 04 Mar 2012
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- author: BoozeyBritainify
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- A27 road
- A34 road (England)
- Aberdeen
- Access course
- Adur (district)
- Alan Whitehead
- Aldershot
- Alton, Hampshire
- Amy Winehouse
- Ancient Britons
- Andover, Hampshire
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- Aylesbury Vale
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A27 road
The A27 is a major road in England. It runs from its junction with the A36 at Whiteparish (near Salisbury) in the county of Wiltshire. It closely parallels the south coast, where it passes through West Sussex and terminates at Pevensey (near Eastbourne and Bexhill) in East Sussex.
Between Portsmouth and Lewes, it is one of the busiest trunk roads in the UK.
Historically, for longer distance movement along the south coast, the M25 in combination with the M2, M20, M23 / A23, A3 / A3(M) and M3 has provided an attractive alternative to the actual south coast route of A259, A27 and M27. In 2002 an offpeak journey between Margate and Southampton via the M25 was 2 hours 30 minutes, and via the coastal route using the A259, A27 and M27 was 3 hours 50 minutes. The reason why the coastal route is so much slower than the M25 alternative, is largley due to a series of bottlenecks on the A27. These include Chichester, Arundel, Worthing and East of Lewes.
Proposals to improve the Chichester by-pass are on hold.
wn.com/A27_road -
Aberdeen
Coordinates: 57°09′09″N 2°06′36″W / 57.1526°N 2.1100°W / 57.1526; -2.1100
Aberdeen
i/æbərˈdiːn/ (Scots: Aiberdeen 
listen (help·info); Scottish Gaelic: Obar Dheathain [ˈopər ˈʝɛhɪn]) is Scotland's third most populous city, one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas and the United Kingdom's 29th most populous city, with an official population estimate of 220,420.
Nicknames include the Granite City, the Grey City and the Silver City with the Golden Sands. During the mid-18th to mid-20th centuries, Aberdeen's buildings incorporated locally quarried grey granite, whose mica deposits sparkle like silver. The city has a long, sandy coastline. Since the discovery of North Sea oil in the 1970s, other nicknames have been the Oil Capital of Europe or the Energy Capital of Europe. The area around Aberdeen has been settled since at least 8,000 years ago, when prehistoric villages lay around the mouths of the rivers Dee and Don.
Aberdeen received Royal Burgh status from King David I (1124–53), transforming the city economically. The city's two universities, the University of Aberdeen, founded in 1495, and The Robert Gordon University, which was awarded university status in 1992, make Aberdeen the educational centre of the north-east. The traditional industries of fishing, paper-making, shipbuilding, and textiles have been overtaken by the oil industry and Aberdeen's seaport. Aberdeen Heliport is one of the busiest commercial heliports in the world and the seaport is the largest in the north-east of Scotland.
wn.com/Aberdeen -
Adur (district)
Adur is a local government district of West Sussex, England. It is named after the River Adur and is historically part of the English county of Sussex. The council is based in Shoreham-by-Sea and the district has a population of 59,627 according to the 2001 census.
It was created on 1 April 1974 by the merger of Southwick and Shoreham urban districts and the civil parishes of Coombes, Lancing and Sompting from Worthing Rural District.
Sompting, Lancing, Shoreham-by-Sea (or Shoreham) and Southwick form a strip of settlements on the south coast, between Worthing and Brighton and Hove collectively known as the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation. Coombes is inland. Fishersgate and Kingston by Sea (also known as Kingston Buci) are also small areas in the south east of the district.
Shoreham Airport is located in the Adur district, west of Shoreham-by-Sea and just east of Lancing.
The Adur festival is held in the first two weeks of June every year.
Elections to the district council have been held every 2 years since the 2004 election, when the council changed to being elected by halves instead of by thirds. The Conservative party has had a majority on the council since the 2002 election. Following the 2012 election the council is composed of the following:
wn.com/Adur_(district) -
Aldershot
Coordinates: 51°14′49″N 0°45′35″W / 51.2470°N 0.7598°W / 51.2470; -0.7598
Aldershot is a town in the English county of Hampshire, located on heathland about 60 km (37 mi) southwest of London. The town is administered by Rushmoor Borough Council. The town has a population of 33,840, while the Aldershot Urban Area, a loose conurbation (which also includes other towns, such as Camberley, Farnborough, and Farnham) has a population of 243,344, making it the thirtieth-largest urban area in the UK
Aldershot is known for its connection with the British Army. This led to rapid growth from a small village to a Victorian town. Today, Aldershot is known as the "Home of the British Army". Aldershot is twinned with Sulechów in Poland, Meudon in France and Oberursel in Germany.
The name may have derived from the name of "Alder" trees found in the area (Alder-holt meaning copse of Alder trees), indicating that it was a wet, boggy place. Aldershot, Alreshete, dates back to an Anglo-Saxon settlement. Aldershot was included as part of the old Hundred of Crondall referred to in the Domesday Book of 1086. The map of Hampshire in the 1722 edition of William Camden's Britannia or Geographical Description of Britain and Ireland shows a symbol for habitation in Aldershot in the Crundhal (Crondall) hundred.[citation needed]
wn.com/Aldershot -
Alton, Hampshire
Coordinates: 51°08′59″N 0°58′37″W / 51.1498°N 0.9769°W / 51.1498; -0.9769
Alton is a historic market town and civil parish in the East Hampshire district of the English county of Hampshire. It had a population of 16,584 at the 1991 census and is administered by East Hampshire district council. It is located on the source of the River Wey and is the highest town in Hampshire. It also is home to Treloar College, the National Specialist college for Young Disabled People. The town is twinned with Pertuis in France, and Montecchio Maggiore in Italy. The town is famous for its connection with Sweet Fanny Adams.
The town of Alton began as a Roman settlement known as Vindomis. It was recorded in the Domesday Survey of 1086 and was notable for having the most valuable recorded market in the Domesday Book under the name Aoltone.
Jane Austen lived in the nearby village of Chawton.
A Roman road ran from Chichester to Silchester and there is evidence of a Roman posting station at Neatham near Alton, probably called Vindomis, and a ford across the River Wey. Centuries later, a Saxon settlement was established in the area and a large 7th century cemetery has been discovered during building excavations. It contained a selection of grave goods which included the Alton Buckle which is on display in the Curtis Museum, and is considered to be the finest piece of Anglo Saxon craftsmanship found in Hampshire. The buckle was found in the grave of a warrior, and has a silver-gilt body, set with garnets and glass.
wn.com/Alton,_Hampshire -
Andover, Hampshire
Coordinates: 51°13′00″N 1°28′00″W / 51.2167°N 1.4667°W / 51.2167; -1.4667
Andover ( /ˈændoʊvər/) is a town in the English county of Hampshire. The town is on the River Anton some 18.5 miles (30 km) west of the town of Basingstoke, 18.5 miles (30 km) north-west of the city of Winchester and 25 miles (40 km) north of the city of Southampton. Andover is twinned with the towns of Redon in France, Goch in Germany, and Andover, Massachusetts.
Its name is recorded in Anglo-Saxon in 955 AD as Andeferas, and is thought to be of Celtic origin: compare Welsh onn dwfr = "ash(tree) water".
Andover's first mention in history is in 950 when King Edred is recorded as having built a royal hunting lodge there. In 962 King Edgar called a meeting of the Saxon 'parliament' (the Witenagemot) at his hunting lodge near Andover.
Of more importance was the baptism, in 994 of a Viking king named Olaf (allied with Danish king Sweyn Forkbeard). The identity of that man was either Olav Trygvason or Olof Skötkonung. The baptism was part of a deal with King Ethelred II of England (“The Unready”) whereby he stopped ravaging England and returned home. Olav Tryggvason became king of Norway in 995 and tried to convert his country to Christianity before his death in battle in 1000. Olof Skötkonung was already king of Sweden and became its first Christian king and began c. 995 to mint Sweden's first coins with the help of English expertise.
wn.com/Andover,_Hampshire -
Armagh
Coordinates: 54°21′00″N 6°39′17″W / 54.3499°N 6.6546°W / 54.3499; -6.6546
Armagh ( /ɑrˈmɑː/ ar-MAH; from Irish: Ard Mhacha meaning "Macha's height" [aɾˠd̪ˠ ˈwaxə]) is a large settlement in Northern Ireland, and the county town of County Armagh. It is a site of historical importance for both Celtic paganism and Christianity and is the seat, for both the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of Ireland, of the Archbishop of Armagh. In 1995, Armagh city was twinned with Razgrad, Bulgaria.
Although classed as a medium-sized town, Armagh was granted city status by Queen Elizabeth II in 1994. Its population of 14,590 (2001 Census) makes it the least-populated city in both Northern Ireland and on the island of Ireland and the fourth smallest in the United Kingdom.
Eamhain Mhacha (or Navan Fort) at the city's edge, is believed to have been used as an ancient pagan ritual or ceremonial site. According to Irish mythology it was once the capital of Ulster, until it was abandoned during the 1st century. The site was named after the goddess Macha, and as the settlement grew on the hills nearby, it was also named after the goddess — Ard Mhacha means "Macha's height". This name was later anglicised as Ardmagh, which eventually became Armagh.
wn.com/Armagh -
Arun
Arun is a local government district in West Sussex, England. It contains the towns of Arundel, Bognor Regis and Littlehampton, and takes its name from the River Arun, which runs through the centre of the district.
Arun was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, merging the Urban Districts of Bognor Regis and Littlehampton, the municipal borough of Arundel and parts of Chichester and Worthing Rural Districts.
Arun District Council is a non-metropolitan district council formed of 56 councillors from across the following 26 wards:
The council has been under the control of the Conservative Party since its first election in 1973. The last elections to the council were held on 5 May 2011, the results of which are shown below:
The following 31 civil parishes are located within the district:
Arun District occupies the central southern area of West Sussex, and is bordered by Chichester District to the west, Horsham District to the north and Worthing borough and Adur District to the east. The district is bisected by the River Arun, and is divided between a broad rural area in the north of the district that contains Arundel and a host of small villages, part of which sits within the South Downs National Park, and an urban coastal strip that includes Bognor Regis and Littlehampton.
wn.com/Arun -
Ashford (borough)
The Borough of Ashford is a local government district and borough in Kent, England. Its council is based in the town of Ashford.
The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the borough of Tenterden with Ashford urban district, and the East Ashford, West Ashford and Tenterden Rural Districts. In size it is the largest council in Kent.
Although a large part of the Borough is still mainly rural, that around Ashford is undergoing a complete change, since it is fast becoming an industrial and commercial centre. The corridor caused by the M20 motorway and High Speed 1 and its railway station have led to much hitherto agricultural land being turned to other uses.
In 1801, the population of Ashford and Willesborough was 2,600; in 1861 this had more than tripled to 8,800; by 1901 12,808 and in 1961 the figure was 28,000. The census, for the wider Borough of Ashford, in 1991 showed the total number of persons as 92,331 and by 2001 it had risen to 102,661. Kent County Council's mid year estimated population, for 2004 is 107,700 showing substantial continued growth in the size of the town, the most growth in Kent. The County Council's population forecasts for 2011 and 2016 are 119,600 and 129,000 giving an increase of 25.2% since 2001. Ashford Borough Council predicts that the growth will continue to rise to 141,100 by the year 2021.
wn.com/Ashford_(borough) -
Ashurst, Hampshire
Coordinates: 50°53′41″N 1°31′00″W / 50.894817°N 1.5166846°W / 50.894817; -1.5166846
Ashurst is a village in the New Forest district of Hampshire, England, which together with Colbury hamlet makes the parish of Ashurst and Colbury. Ashurst is on the A35 road near the Southampton conurbation. According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 2,011. The parish is on the edge of the designated New Forest National Park area. The village has a campsite, some shops and a railway station. The parish is bounded to the west by Netley Marsh parish and the Bartley Water, to the north by the A326 road and Totton and Eling, and to the south by Denny Lodge parish in the New Forest.
Ashurst is close to the City of Southampton and is often considered an exurb of it, a large percentage of its population being commuters.
Millvina Dean, the last survivor of the sinking of RMS Titanic, was living in Ashurt at the time of her death in May 2009 at the age of 97.
There are three pubs called 'The Happy Cheese', 'The Forest Inn' and 'The New Forest Hotel'. There used to be a pub by the name of the Angry cheese, The Angry Cheese was opposite the Happy cheese, on the other side of the road, but this was destroyed by a fire sometime before 1989. The Forest Inn closed in June 2010 after the business went into liquidation. It reopened on 12 November 2010 under new management following total refurbishment.
wn.com/Ashurst,_Hampshire -
Aylesbury Vale
The Aylesbury Vale (or Vale of Aylesbury) is a large area of flat land mostly in Buckinghamshire, England. Its boundary is marked by Milton Keynes to the north, Leighton Buzzard and the Chiltern Hills to the east and south, Thame to the south and Bicester and Brackley to the west.
The vale is named after Aylesbury, the county town of Buckinghamshire. Two other towns lie within the vale and they are Winslow and Buckingham.
The bed of the vale is largely made up of clay that was formed at the end of the ice age. Also at this time the vast underground reserves of water that make the water table higher than average in the Vale of Aylesbury were created.
In the 2001 UK census the population of Aylesbury Vale was 165,748, representing an increase since 1991 of 18,600 people. About half of those live in the county town Aylesbury.
Today the area is a local government district of northern Buckinghamshire, administered by Aylesbury Vale District Council. This district was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the boroughs of Aylesbury and Buckingham, Aylesbury Rural District, Buckingham Rural District, Wing Rural District and part of Winslow Rural District. The district offices are based in Aylesbury. The district council's logo includes the historical figure of John Hampden
wn.com/Aylesbury_Vale -
Bangor, Gwynedd
Coordinates: 53°13′41″N 4°07′41″W / 53.228°N 4.128°W / 53.228; -4.128
Bangor is a city in Gwynedd unitary authority, north west Wales, and one of the smallest cities in Britain. It is a university city with a population of 13,725 at the 2001 census, not including around 10,000 students at Bangor University. It is one of only six places classed as a city in Wales, although it is only the 36th largest urban area by population. According to the 2001 census, 46.6% of the non-student resident population speak Welsh, which is low for Gwynedd but despite this, the language keeps a high profile in town. Bangor has been called "The Athens of Wales".
The origins of the city date back to the founding of a monastic establishment on the site of Bangor Cathedral by the Celtic saint Deiniol in the early 6th century AD. The name 'Bangor' itself is an old Welsh word for a type of fenced-in enclosure, such as was originally surrounded the cathedral site. The present cathedral is a somewhat more recent building and has been extensively modified throughout the centuries.
wn.com/Bangor,_Gwynedd -
Bargate (ward)
Coordinates: 50°54′N 1°24′W / 50.90°N 1.40°W / 50.90; -1.40
Bargate Ward is an Electoral Ward in the Unitary Authority of Southampton, England. It covers Southampton City Centre, and stretches as far as Ocean Village and St Mary's to the east, and West Quay and The Polygon to the west. Bargate Ward had only 11,833 residents in 2001, the lowest figure for any of the Southampton wards.
The ward takes its name from the Bargate, the northern gate of the old City Walls which still stands today, and is bounded by (clockwise from West) Freemantle Ward, Bevois Ward, Peartree Ward and Woolstoon Ward.
Under the Boundary Committee Review recommendations, implemented in 2002, Bargate Ward was reduced in size to deal with rapid population growth. In 1999 there had been 12,714 registered voters, and this figure was expected to rise to 14,025 by 2004. The boundary changes resulted in almost a quarter of its electorate being shifted to Bevois and Freemantle wards, making the adjusted electorate 9,746 in 1999, with a projected 10,801 in 2004.
wn.com/Bargate_(ward) -
Basingstoke
Coordinates: 51°16′00″N 1°05′15″W / 51.2667°N 1.0876°W / 51.2667; -1.0876
Basingstoke is a town in northeast Hampshire, in south central England. It lies across a valley at the source of the River Loddon. It is 48 miles (77 km) southwest of London, 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Southampton, 16 miles (26 km) southwest of Reading and 19 miles (31 km) northeast of the county town, Winchester. In 2008 it had an estimated population of 82,913. It is part of the borough of Basingstoke and Deane and part of the parliamentary constituency of Basingstoke. Basingstoke is often nicknamed "Doughnut City" or "Roundabout City" because of the number of roundabouts.
Often mistaken for a new town, Basingstoke is an old market town expanded in the 1960s as part of a tripartite agreement between London County Council, Hampshire County Council and Basingstoke Borough Council. It was developed rapidly, along with Andover and Tadley, to accommodate part of the London 'overspill' as perceived under the Greater London Plan, 1944. Basingstoke market was mentioned in the Domesday Book and Basingstoke remained a small market town until the 1950s. It still has a regular market, but is now bigger than Hampshire County Council's definition of a market town.
wn.com/Basingstoke -
Bassett Green
Coordinates: 50°56′N 1°23′W / 50.94°N 1.39°W / 50.94; -1.39
Bassett Green is a suburb of Southampton, which has grown from the original small village of Basset. It remains part of the electoral ward of Bassett. The area is mainly residential, with a mixture of Herbert Collins-designed houses and recent council built estates known as the Flowers Estate (or Flower Roads) and the Leaside Way Estate. Within Bassett Green are a community centre (on Honeysuckle Road), Bassett Green Primary School and Southampton Crematorium, as well as several of the University of Southampton's halls of residence.
Neighbouring areas are Bassett to the west, North Stoneham to the north, Swaythling to the east & southeast, and Highfield to the southwest.
Bassett Green is divided between two parishes: North Stoneham & Bassett and Swaythling.
A family named 'Basset' is known to have lived in South Stoneham in the 15th century and the place name may be from their name. The area broadly occupied by Bassett today was known as Stoneham Common, shown on the 1791 map by Thomas Milne on which 'Bassets Lane' also appears (without any associated village). The village of Bassett appears on a 1810 map, located roughly where Bassett Green Village is today. In the late 18th century it grew as a retreat for rich people outside (and away from civic responsibilities in) the borough of Southampton. By the time of the Ordnance Survey of 1897, Basset had been renamed Bassett Green (with a double 't'), whilst a more westerly area (west of Bassett Wood) was identified as Bassett.
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Bassett, Southampton
Coordinates: 50°56′N 1°25′W / 50.94°N 1.41°W / 50.94; -1.41
Bassett is a suburb and electoral ward of the City of Southampton, England. The suburb lies to the north of the city centre and is largely residential, including the University of Southampton's Glen Eyre Halls of residence complex, which houses around 2,100 students. Bassett gives its name to part of the A33 arterial road which links the city centre to the M3, described by Pevsner & Lloyd as "part of the splendid tree-lined route into Southampton from Winchester, London and the north".
Bassett Ward comprises Bassett, Bassett Green and Lordswood. It had a population of 13,139 as of the 2001 Census.
A family named 'Basset' is known to have lived in South Stoneham in the 15th century, and the place name may be from their name. The area broadly occupied by Bassett today was known as Stoneham Common, shown on the 1791 map by Thomas Milne on which 'Bassets Lane' also appears (without any associated village). The village of Bassett appears on a 1810 map, located roughly where Bassett Green Village is today. In the late 18th century it grew as a retreat for rich people outside (and away from civic responsibilities in) the borough of Southampton. By the time of the Ordnance Survey of 1897, Basset had been renamed Bassett Green (with a double 't'), and a more westerly area (west of Bassett Wood) was identified as Bassett.
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Bath, Somerset
Coordinates: 51°23′N 2°22′W / 51.38°N 2.36°W / 51.38; -2.36
Bath ( /ˈbɑːθ/ or /ˈbæθ/) is a city in the ceremonial county of Somerset in the south west of England. It is situated 97 miles (156 km) west of London and 13 miles (21 km) south-east of Bristol. The population of the city is 83,992. It was granted city status by Royal Charter by Queen Elizabeth I in 1590, and was made a county borough in 1889 which gave it administrative independence from its county, Somerset. The city became part of Avon when that county was created in 1974. Since 1996, when Avon was abolished, Bath has been the principal centre of the unitary authority of Bath and North East Somerset (B&NES).
The city was first established as a spa with the Latin name, Aquae Sulis ("the waters of Sulis") by the Romans in AD 43, although verbal tradition suggests that Bath was known before then. They built baths and a temple on the surrounding hills of Bath in the valley of the River Avon around hot springs.Edgar was crowned king of England at Bath Abbey in 973. Much later, it became popular as a spa town during the Georgian era, which led to a major expansion that left a heritage of exemplary Georgian architecture crafted from Bath Stone.
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Battle of Agincourt
Coordinates: 50°27′49″N 2°08′30″E / 50.46361°N 2.14167°E / 50.46361; 2.14167
The Battle of Agincourt was a major English victory against a numerically superior French army in the Hundred Years' War. The battle occurred on Friday, 25 October 1415 (Saint Crispin's Day), near modern-day Azincourt, in northern France.Henry V's victory crippled France and started a new period in the war, during which, first, Henry married the French king's daughter and, second, his son, Henry VI, was made heir to the throne of France (although Henry VI later failed to capitalise on his father's battlefield success).
Henry V led his troops into battle and participated in hand-to-hand fighting. The French king of the time, Charles VI, did not command the French army himself as he suffered from severe, repeating illnesses and moderate mental incapacitation. Instead, the French were commanded by Constable Charles d'Albret and various prominent French noblemen of the Armagnac party.
The battle is notable for the use of the English longbow, which Henry used in very large numbers, with English and Welsh archers forming most of his army. The battle is also the centrepiece of the play Henry V, by William Shakespeare.
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Battle of Jutland
Coordinates: 56°42′N 5°52′E / 56.7°N 5.867°E / 56.7; 5.867
The Battle of Jutland (German: Skagerrakschlacht) was a naval battle by the British Royal Navy's Grand Fleet (which included ships and individual personnel from the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Canadian Navy) against the Imperial German Navy's High Seas Fleet during the First World War. The battle was fought on 31 May and 1 June 1916 in the North Sea near Jutland, Denmark. It was the largest naval battle and the only full-scale clash of battleships in the war. It was only the third-ever fleet action between steel battleships, following the smaller but more decisive battles of the Yellow Sea (1904) and Tsushima (1905) during the Russo-Japanese War.
The High Seas Fleet was commanded by Vice-Admiral Reinhard Scheer, and the Grand Fleet by Admiral Sir John Jellicoe. The German fleet's intention was to lure out, trap, and destroy a portion of the Grand Fleet, as the German naval force was insufficient to successfully engage the entire British fleet. This formed part of a larger strategy to break the British blockade of Germany and to allow German mercantile shipping to operate. Meanwhile, the Royal Navy pursued a strategy to engage and destroy the High Seas Fleet, or keep the German force contained and away from Britain's own shipping lanes.
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Beaulieu River
The Beaulieu River ( /ˈbjuːli/), formerly known as the River Exe, is a small river flowing south through the New Forest in the county of Hampshire in southern England. The river is some 12 miles (19 km) long, of which the last 4 miles (6.4 km) are tidal. Unusually, the entire river, including its bed, is owned by Lord Montagu of Beaulieu.
The Beaulieu River rises near Lyndhurst in the centre of the New Forest, and flows south-easterly across the forest heaths to the village of Beaulieu. At Beaulieu the river becomes tidal and once drove a tide mill in the village. Below Beaulieu the tidal river continues to flow through the forest, passing the village of Bucklers Hard and entering the sea through the Solent.
The tidal river below Beaulieu village is navigable to small craft. Bucklers Hard was once a significant shipbuilding centre, building many wooden sailing ships, both merchant and naval and including Nelson's Agamemnon.
The name "Beaulieu" is French, meaning "beautiful place".
The earlier name, "Exe", is Brythonic, deriving from an original Ancient British word '*Iska', which is also at the root of other Exe and Esk river-names in England, and also the Usk in Wales (Wysg in Welsh). Its root meaning may be "fish" or "fish-place", as it seems to be cognate with the Latin "pisces" and Greek "ichthus", as well as English "fish".
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Belfast
Coordinates: 54°35′49″N 5°55′48″W / 54.597°N 5.930°W / 54.597; -5.930
Belfast (from Irish: Béal Feirste, meaning "mouth of the shoal") is the capital of and largest city in Northern Ireland. By population, it is the fourteenth largest city in the United Kingdom and second largest on the island of Ireland. It is the seat of the devolved government and legislative Northern Ireland Assembly. The city of Belfast has a population of 267,500 and lies at the heart of the Belfast urban area, which has a population of 579,276. The Larger Urban Zone, as defined by the European Union, has a total population 641,638. Belfast was granted city status in 1888.
Historically, Belfast has been a centre for the Irish linen industry (earning the nickname "Linenopolis"), tobacco production, rope-making and shipbuilding: the city's main shipbuilders, Harland and Wolff, which built the well-known RMS Titanic, propelled Belfast on to the global stage in the early 20th century as the biggest and most productive shipyard in the world. Belfast played a key role in the Industrial Revolution, establishing its place as a global industrial centre until the latter half of the 20th century. Industrialisation and the inward migration it brought made Belfast, if briefly, the biggest city in Ireland at the turn of the 20th century and the city's industrial and economic success was cited by Ulster unionist opponents of Home Rule as a reason why Ireland should shun devolution and later why Ulster in particular would fight to resist it.
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Berkshire
Berkshire ( /ˈbɑrkʃər/ or /ˈbɑrkʃɪər/, abbreviated Berks) is both a ceremonial county and a historic county of England. The administrative county of Berkshire including the Berkshire County Council were abolished in 1998. The county is often referred to as the Royal County of Berkshire because of the presence of the royal residence of Windsor Castle in the county; this usage, which dates to the 19th century at least, was recognised by the Queen in 1957, and letters patent issued confirming this in 1974.
The ceremonial county has the same boundaries as the former administrative county, but historically the county was not co-terminous with this. The county borders the counties of Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Surrey, Wiltshire and Hampshire. Historically the county included several towns to the northwest of the county (including Abingdon, Didcot and Wantage) that were moved into Oxfordshire in 1974 boundary changes. At the same time the town of Slough was moved into Berkshire from Buckinghamshire.
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Bevois
Coordinates: 50°55′10″N 1°23′36″W / 50.9194°N 1.3932°W / 50.9194; -1.3932
Bevois ( /ˈbiːvɨs/) is an Electoral Ward in the Unitary Authority of Southampton, England comprising the suburbs Bevois Valley, Nicholstown and Northam, with a population of 13,621.
The ward is bounded by (clockwise from north) Portswood Ward, Bitterne Park Ward, Peartree Ward, Bargate Ward and Freemantle Ward.
The ward is part of the Southampton Test constituency.
The ward was created by the Boundary Committee Review in 2002 out of parts of the old St Lukes Ward and Bargate Ward to the south. The name change was proposed by Southampton City Council and the Liberal Democrats, the latter arguing that “the conversion of St Lukes Church to a Sikh temple has removed the sole surviving landmark bearing the former ward name," and that the new name better reflected local community ties.
In contrast with St Lukes, the name Bevois has a strong attachment to the area, which contains landmarks such as Bevois Town Primary School and Church, and Bevois Castle Pub and Hotel. These landmarks, like the area, gleaned their names from the legend of Bevis of Hampton, who was said to have thrown up the mound of dirt that became Bevois Mount to obstruct the Danes in their endeavours to cross the River Itchen.
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Bevois Valley
Coordinates: 50°55′10″N 1°23′36″W / 50.9194°N 1.3932°W / 50.9194; -1.3932
Bevois Valley is an inner city area of Southampton, England within Bevois Electoral Ward, and includes areas called Bevois Town & Bevois Mount. The area lies south of and adjoins Portswood and is within easy walking distance of the city centre. It follows the line of the original valley of the River Itchen, and as such the land is primarily clays and shingles.
It is home to a primary school (Bevois Town Primary School), a church (Bevois Town Church) and two Gurdwaras. The nearest train station is St Denys railway station. It has recently been the recipient of EU money for improvement.
Although it is further from the University of Southampton than Portswood it is a popular location for students (possibly due to the proximity of Southampton Solent University), though there is a higher proportion of permanent residents. It is home to Clowns Wine Bar and Jesters Nightclub, which are two very popular student destinations on a night out. There are many takeaways and venues catering for students and locals. Along with Portswood it is also increasingly seen as home to Southampton's burgeoning music scene, with many venues now offering regular live music and opportunities for local musicians as well as nationally and internationally acclaimed acts.
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Birmingham
Birmingham (i/ˈbɜrmɪŋəm/ BUR-ming-əm, locally /ˈbɜrmɪŋɡəm/ BUR-ming-gəm) is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. It is the most populous British city outside the capital London, with a population of 1,036,900 (2010 estimate), and lies at the heart of the West Midlands conurbation, the second most populous urban area in the United Kingdom with a population of 2,284,093 (2001 census). Birmingham's metropolitan area is also the United Kingdom's second most populous with a population of 3,683,000.
A medium-sized market town during the medieval period, Birmingham grew to international prominence in the 18th century at the heart of the Midlands Enlightenment and subsequent Industrial Revolution, which saw the town at the forefront of worldwide developments in science, technology and economic organisation, producing a series of innovations that laid many of the foundations of modern industrial society. By 1791 it was being hailed as "the first manufacturing town in the world". Birmingham's distinctive economic profile, with thousands of small workshops practising a wide variety of specialised and highly-skilled trades, encouraged exceptional levels of creativity and innovation and provided a diverse and resilient economic base for industrial prosperity that was to last into the final quarter of the 20th century. Its resulting high level of social mobility also fostered a culture of broad-based political radicalism, that under leaders from Thomas Attwood to Joseph Chamberlain was to give it a political influence unparalleled in Britain outside London and a pivotal role in the development of British democracy.
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Bishop's Waltham
Coordinates: 50°57′13″N 1°12′42″W / 50.9536°N 1.2118°W / 50.9536; -1.2118
Bishop's Waltham is a small town in Hampshire, England situated at the head of the River Hamble. It is home to the ruins of Bishop's Waltham Palace, an English Heritage monument.
The town's name comprises three parts 'walt' - forest; 'ham' - settlement'; and 'Bishop's'. It started off as a Saxon village, and steadily grew to become one of Hampshire's largest villages, despite being burnt to the ground by Danes in 1001 AD. By the time of the Domesday book (1086 AD), it had a population of around 450. In 904, it was given by the king to the Bishop of Winchester. In 1136 Henry de Blois, a later bishop built the now-ruined Bishop's Waltham Palace. It was destroyed on the orders of Oliver Cromwell during the English Civil war. Much of the old Palace is still in the town. Apart from the ruins, which are open to the public, material from the Palace was used as building materials in town buildings still standing to this day.
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Bitterne
Coordinates: 50°54′48″N 1°21′42″W / 50.9133°N 1.3616°W / 50.9133; -1.3616
Bitterne is an eastern suburb and Electoral Ward of Southampton, England.
Bitterne derives its name not from the similarly named bird, the Bittern (as some believe) but from the bend in the River Itchen; the Old English words byht and ærn together mean "house near a bend", most likely a reference to Bitterne Manor House. A reference from the late 11th century spells the name Byterne.
Bitterne Ward comprises the suburbs of Bitterne and Thornhill, and had a population of 14,384 as of the 2001 Census. The ward borders Sholing Ward and Harefield Ward to the west and north.
The focal point of Bitterne today is the former location of Bitterne Village (and is still occasionally referred to by that name), but the village is predated by the settlement at Bitterne Manor, the site of the original Roman settlement of Clausentum, the forerunner of today's City of Southampton.
Bitterne is not mentioned in the Domesday Book but first appears in a late 11th century entry in the Bishop of Winchester's register as Byterne. This is, however, a reference to Bitterne Manor, not to the settlement known as Bitterne today.
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Bitterne Manor
Coordinates: 50°55′06″N 1°22′56″W / 50.9183°N 1.3822°W / 50.9183; -1.3822
Bitterne Manor is a suburb of Southampton surrounding the manor house of the same name.
Bitterne Manor is the site of the original Roman settlement of Clausentum, the forerunner to today's City of Southampton.
The manor house has existed from Norman times and possibly earlier, and was built from the stones of Clausentum. The house was used by the Bishop of Winchester, who travelled from manor to manor with his court throughout each year. The manor house also operated as a farm, and was surrounded by parkland.Bitterne Park today, though, is a built-up area.
With its easy access to the River Itchen and the navigation to Winchester, Bitterne Manor was used by the bishops as a distribution centre for wine and salt, which was panned in the river.
Arrangements were made to determine the exact boundaries between the manor and the Abbey lands at Hound and Netley in January 1246. This boundary remained in place until the mid 19th century, and was used in part as the subsequent boundary between the Itchen Urban District Council and Bitterne Parish Council.
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Bitterne Park
Coordinates: 50°55′26″N 1°22′18″W / 50.9238°N 1.3718°W / 50.9238; -1.3718
Bitterne Park is a suburb and Electoral Ward of Southampton, England, on the Eastern bank of the River Itchen, built on sloping parkland which once formed part of Bitterne Manor.
Bitterne Park Ward includes the suburbs of Bitterne Park, Bitterne Manor, Midanbury and Townhill Park, and had a population of 13,276 as of the 2001 Census. The ward is bounded by Bevois, Portswood and Swaythling wards across the River Itchen to the west, and Harefield and Peartree wards to the east.
The National Liberal Land Company purchased the land that is now Bitterne Park in 1882, and began developing it for residential purposes. An iron bridge was constructed across the Itchen to St Denys, thus improving access and vastly increasing the value of the land.
The area is largely residential, with Bitterne Park Triangle (sometimes shortened to 'Bitterne Triangle' or simply 'The Triangle') as its focal point. A number of shops cluster around The Triangle.
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Blackpool
Blackpooli/ˈblækpuːl/ is a borough, seaside town, and unitary authority area of Lancashire, in North West England. It is situated along England's west coast by the Irish Sea, between the Ribble and Wyre estuaries, 17.5 miles (28.2 km) northwest of Preston, 27 miles (43 km) north of Liverpool, 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Bolton and 40 miles (64 km) northwest of Manchester. It has an estimated population of 140,000, making it the third most populous settlement in North West England after Manchester and Liverpool, and a population density that makes it the fourth most densely populated borough of England and Wales outside Greater London.
Throughout the Middle Ages and Early Modern period, Blackpool was a coastal hamlet in Lancashire's Hundred of Amounderness, and remained such until the mid-18th century when it became fashionable in England to travel to the coast during the summer to bathe in sea water to improve well-being. In 1781, visitors attracted to Blackpool's 7-mile (11 km) sandy beach were able to use a newly built private road, built by Thomas Clifton and Sir Henry Hoghton. Stagecoaches began running to Blackpool from Manchester in the same year, and from Halifax in 1782. In the early 19th century, Henry Banks and his son-in-law John Cocker erected new buildings in Blackpool such that its population grew from less than 500 in 1801 to over 2,500 in 1851. St John's Church in Blackpool was consecrated in 1821.
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Bordon
Coordinates: 51°06′45″N 0°51′51″W / 51.11238°N 0.86425°W / 51.11238; -0.86425
Bordon is a town in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England. It lies 5.4 miles (8.7 km) southeast of Alton and forms a part of the civil parish of Whitehill, the adjoining village. Both settlements are on the A325 road and close to the A3 road between London and Portsmouth. Bordon is twinned with Condé-sur-Vire in Normandy, France.
The town has several shops but no central shopping district, such as a high street; the town was historically an army camp on a former toll road to Farnham, not a market-town like the nearby towns of Petersfield, Alton and Farnham. The town has a range of facilities including three of supermarkets, various takeaways, and amenities such as two petrol stations. Also located within the town is Mill Chase Community Technology College, a comprehensive school designated a community technology college. It also doubles as a leisure centre. The town also benefits from The Phoenix, a community theatre and arts centre. The Phoenix also provides Adult learning classes for leisure learners and adults with learning disabilities, as well as Kids Drama, Youth Theatre and Art classes.
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Borough of Halton
Halton is a local government district in North West England, with borough status and administered by a unitary authority. It was created in 1974 as a district of Cheshire, and became a unitary authority area on 1 April 1998. It consists of the towns of Widnes and Runcorn and the civil parishes of Hale, Daresbury, Moore, Preston Brook, Halebank and Sandymoor. The district borders Merseyside, Warrington and Cheshire West and Chester. The borough straddles the River Mersey - the area to the north (including Widnes) is historically part of Lancashire, that to the south (including Runcorn) part of Cheshire.
Although Halton dates back to the 12th century (and beyond) when land on both sides of the river belonged to the Barony of Halton, the origin of the District Council was the outcome of the local government commission's suggested reforms of England, in 1969, the Redcliffe-Maud Report. This proposed to create metropolitan counties constituted of Metropolitan District Councils in the most urbanised parts of England. The model was that of the London Boroughs and Greater London Council formed in 1964. South Lancashire and North Cheshire were two of these and two new Metropolitan Counties were to be formed around Liverpool (as 'Merseyside' county) and Manchester/Salford (as 'Greater Manchester' county.) however, the towns of Widnes and Runcorn (and the County Borough of Warrington) which lay between these were reluctant to join either. The Commission agreed that the Halton group and Warrington were to become District Councils within Cheshire, as they were detached from Lancashire by the two new Metropolitan Counties controlling the territory to the north. However, the Metropolitan Counties ceased as local government units (along with the GLC) in 1984 and any remaining powers were devolved to the constituent Metropolitan Districts which cooperated over joint police authorities and fire services.
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Bracknell Forest
Coordinates: 51°25′01″N 0°44′49″W / 51.417°N 0.7469°W / 51.417; -0.7469
Bracknell Forest is one of six unitary authorities within Berkshire in southern England. It covers the two towns of Bracknell and Sandhurst as well as surrounding villages including Crowthorne and Binfield. It also includes the areas of North Ascot, Warfield and Winkfield. Parts of the borough border neighbouring boroughs such as Wokingham Borough Council and the Royal Borough of Windsor & Maidenhead. The south of the borough also borders onto Hampshire and Surrey.
Bracknell Forest was formed on 1 April 1974, as the non-metropolitan district of Bracknell. The district took on the territory of the former Easthampstead Rural District (in which the Bracknell new town had been developed). It changed its name in May 1988, at the same time as it was granted borough status.
On 1 April 1998, Berkshire County Council was abolished, as a consequence of the Banham Review, and Bracknell Forest Borough Council became a unitary authority. From 2008, references to 'borough' were phased out in favour of simply Bracknell Forest Council.
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Bradford
Coordinates: 53°48′00″N 1°45′07″W / 53.8000°N 1.75206°W / 53.8000; -1.75206
Bradford (i/ˈbrædfəd/) lies at the heart of the City of Bradford, a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, in Northern England. It is situated in the foothills of the Pennines, 8.6 miles (13.8 km) west of Leeds, and 16 miles (25.7 km) northwest of Wakefield. Bradford became a municipal borough in 1847, and received its charter as a city in 1897. Following local government reform in 1974, city status was bestowed upon the wider metropolitan borough.
Bradford has a population of 293,717, making it the fourteenth-most populous settlement in the United Kingdom. Bradford forms part of the West Yorkshire Urban Area conurbation which in 2001 had a population of 1.5 million and is part of the Leeds-Bradford Larger Urban Zone (LUZ), the third largest in the UK after London and Manchester, with an estimated population in the 2004 Urban Audit of 2.4 million.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Bradford rose to prominence during the 19th century as an international centre of textile manufacture, particularly wool. It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and amongst the earliest industrialised settlements, rapidly becoming the "wool capital of the world". The area's access to a supply of coal, iron ore and soft water facilitated the growth of Bradford's manufacturing base, which, as textile manufacture grew, led to an explosion in population and was a stimulus to civic investment; Bradford has fine Victorian architecture including the grand Italianate City Hall.
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Brighton and Hove
Brighton and Hove is a unitary authority area and city on the south coast of England. It is England's most populous seaside resort. The major part of the city consists of Brighton, with around 155,000 people of the total population of 251,000. Consequently, people usually refer to the city as just "Brighton". Brighton and Hove's urban area has a population of over 450,000 people. The city is famous for its history as a seaside town, and more recently for its reputation of having a large gay community. The city is also famous for its football team, Brighton & Hove Albion FC (commonly known as just "Brighton" or "Albion"). They currently play in the Football League Championship at the Amex Stadium, opened in 2011.
In 1997, the two large towns of Brighton and Hove were joined to form the unitary authority of Brighton and Hove, which was granted city status by Queen Elizabeth II as part of the millennium celebrations in 2000.
Brighton and Hove forms part of the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation, the 12th largest conurbation in the United Kingdom. Along this area of the south coast, there is little or no gap of countryside between these large towns and city. Directly to the west is Southwick and then Shoreham-by-Sea, and a short distance to the east are Peacehaven and Newhaven. The city, district and urban areas of Brighton and Hove have the biggest populations in the South East England region.
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Bristol
Bristoli/ˈbrɪstəl/ is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, with an estimated population of 433,100 for the unitary authority in 2009, and a surrounding Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) with an estimated 1,070,000 residents in 2007. It is England's sixth and the United Kingdom's eighth most populous city, one of the group of English Core Cities and the most populous city in South West England.
Historically within Gloucestershire, the city received a Royal Charter in 1155 and was granted County status in 1373. From the 13th century, for half a millennium, it ranked amongst the top three English cities after London, alongside York and Norwich, on the basis of tax receipts, until the rapid rise of Liverpool, Birmingham and Manchester during the Industrial Revolution in the latter part of the 18th century. It borders the counties of Somerset and Gloucestershire, and is also located near the historic cities of Bath to the south east and Gloucester to the north. The city is built around the River Avon, and it also has a short coastline on the Severn Estuary, which flows into the Bristol Channel.
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Busan
Busan (Officially Busan Metropolitan City), formerly spelled Pusan (Korean pronunciation: [pusan]) is South Korea's second largest metropolis after Seoul, with a population of around 3.6 million. The Metropolitan area (includes adjacent cities of Gimhae and Yangsan) population is 4,399,515 as of 2010. It is the largest port city in South Korea and the world's fifth busiest seaports by cargo tonnage. The city is located on the southeasternmost tip of the Korean peninsula. The most densely built up areas of the city are situated in a number of narrow valleys between the Nakdong River and Suyeong River, with mountains separating some of the districts. Administratively, it is designated as a Metropolitan City. The Busan metropolitan area is divided into 15 major administrative districts and a single county.
Busan was the host city of the 2002 Asian Games and APEC 2005 Korea. It was also one of the host cities for the 2002 FIFA World Cup, and is a center for international conventions in Korea. On November 14, 2005, the city officially announced its bid to host the 2020 Summer Olympics Games. After Pyeongchang's successful bid for the 2018 Winter Olympics, the city is considering its bid to host the 2024 or 2028 Summer Olympics.
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Cambridge
The city of Cambridge (i/ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/ KAYM-brij) is a university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire, England. It lies in East Anglia, on the River Cam, about 50 miles (80 km) north of London. According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, its population was 108,863 (including 22,153 students), and was estimated to be 125,717 in mid-2010. There is archaeological evidence of settlement in the area in bronze age and Roman times, and under Viking rule Cambridge became an important trading centre. The first town charters were granted in the 12th century, although city status was not conferred until 1951.
Cambridge is most widely known as the home of the University of Cambridge, founded in 1209 and consistently ranked one of the top five universities in the world. The university includes the renowned Cavendish Laboratory, King's College Chapel, and the Cambridge University Library. The Cambridge skyline is dominated by the last two buildings, along with the chimney of Addenbrooke's Hospital in the far south of the city and St John's College Chapel tower.
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Canberra
Canberra ( /ˈkænbᵊrə/ or /ˈkænbɛrə/) is the capital city of Australia. With a population of 358,000, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall. The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), 280 km (170 mi) south-west of Sydney, and 660 km (410 mi) north-east of Melbourne. A resident of Canberra is known as a "Canberran".
The site of Canberra was selected for the location of the nation's capital in 1908 as a compromise between rivals Sydney and Melbourne, Australia's two largest cities. It is unusual among Australian cities, being an entirely planned city. Following an international contest for the city's design, a blueprint by the Chicago architects Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin was selected and construction commenced in 1913. The Griffins' plan featured geometric motifs such as circles, hexagons and triangles, and was centred around axes aligned with significant topographical landmarks in the Australian Capital Territory.
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Capital South Coast
Power FM redirects here and refers to the former UK radio station. For the Australian radio station network of the same name, see Power FM Network. For the English-language broadcaster based in the Canary Islands see Power FM Canary Islands. For the Christian rock station in Dallas, Texas USA, see KVRK-FM.
Capital South Coast is a regional radio station station based in South Hampshire, England, UK, and is part of the nine-station Capital radio network owned by Global Radio. The station broadcasts on 103.2 MHz FM. The station's studios are in Segensworth, near Fareham in Hampshire, along with Heart South Coast and Gold Radio (Hampshire). Capital also broadcasts on DAB Digital Radio, online and via Smartphone application.
Radio Victory launched as the first local radio service in the South of England in 1975, transmitting to a small area around Portsmouth. The licence was re-advertised by the Independent Broadcasting Authority The extended license, now to include Southampton and Winchester, was won by Ocean Sound Ltd. Radio Victory ceased operations in June 1986, a couple of weeks earlier than the expiry date of its franchise, with a test transmission informing listeners of the closure.
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Cardiff
Cardiff (i/ˈkɑrdɪf/; Welsh: Caerdydd (info) Welsh pronunciation: [kairˈdiːð, kaˑɨrˈdɨːð]) is the capital and largest city in Wales and the 10th largest city in the United Kingdom. The city is Wales' chief commercial centre, the base for most national cultural and sporting institutions, the Welsh national media, and the seat of the National Assembly for Wales. The unitary authority area's mid 2010 population was estimated to be 341,054, while the population of the Larger Urban Zone was estimated at 861,400 in 2009. Cardiff is a significant tourism centre and the most popular visitor destination in Wales with 18.3 million visitors in 2010. In 2011, Cardiff was ranked 6th in the world in National Geographic's alternative tourist destinations.
The city of Cardiff is the county town of the historic county of Glamorgan (and later South Glamorgan). Cardiff is part of the Eurocities network of the largest European cities. The Cardiff Urban Area covers a slightly larger area outside of the county boundary, and includes the towns of Dinas Powys and Penarth. A small town until the early 19th century, its prominence as a major port for the transport of coal following the arrival of industry in the region contributed to its rise as a major city.
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Cardiff Docks
Cardiff Docks is a port in south Cardiff, Wales. At its peak, the port was one of the largest dock systems in the world with a total quayage of almost 11 km (6.8 mi). Once the main port for the export of South Wales coal, the Port of Cardiff remains active in the import and export of containers, steel, forest products and dry and liquid bulks.
Following the development of the coal found in the Cynon and Rhondda valley's and Merthyr area of South Wales, the export of both coal and iron products required a sea connection to the Bristol Channel if economic volumes of product were to be created.
In 1794, the Glamorganshire Canal was completed, linking the then small town of Cardiff with Merthyr, and in 1798 a basin was built, connecting the canal to the sea. By the 1830s, Cardiff became the pre-eminent iron-exporting port, shipping almost half of British overseas iron exports; between 1840 and 1870, the volume of coal exports increased from 44,350 to 2.219 million tonnes.
Increasing agitation for proper dock facilities led Cardiff's foremost landowner, John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute, to promote the construction of the (West) Bute Dock, designed by Admiral William Henry Smyth and opened in October 1839. Just two years later, the Taff Vale Railway was opened, following much the same route as the canal.
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Central Bedfordshire
Central Bedfordshire is a unitary authority in the ceremonial county of Bedfordshire, England. It was created from the merger of Bedfordshire County Council, Mid Bedfordshire and South Bedfordshire on 1 April 2009. The unitary council provides over a hundred services to 120,000 homes and over a quarter of a million people.
Since 1974, Bedfordshire had been governed as a shire county, mostly under the control of Bedfordshire County Council. It was divided into three local government districts, Bedford Borough, Mid Bedfordshire, and South Bedfordshire. Luton Borough became a unitary authority in 1997.
In 2006 the Department for Communities and Local Government considered reorganising Bedfordshire's administrative structure as part of the 2009 structural changes to local government in England. The four proposals considered were:
On 6 March 2008 the DCLG decided to implement Proposal 2. This meant that from 1 April 2009 there would be three unitary authorities in Bedfordshire: Bedford, Luton and the new Central Bedfordshire. Bedfordshire County Council initially challenged this decision in the High Court, but on 4 April 2008 it was announced the Judicial Review in the High Court had been unsuccessful, and the County Council declared they would not be appealing the decision.
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Chartwell Green
Coordinates: 50°56′N 1°21′W / 50.93°N 1.35°W / 50.93; -1.35
Chartwell Green is a suburb of Southampton, England, although it falls outside of the formal city boundary. Instead, Chartwell Green is part of the West End parish, within the Borough of Eastleigh.
The main parade of shops in Chartwell Green is sometimes referred to as Townhill Farm, after the nearby Townhill Park House. The Townhill Farm Community Centre was built in 1991 and comprises an entrance foyer, toilets, a main hall with adjacent store room, a committee room and adjacent kitchen, and a café area overlooking a patio and garden. The building is owned by Southampton City Council and is on a 125-year lease; until 2006, it was managed by Eastleigh Borough Council but then this task was transferred to West End Parish Council.
The bulk of Chartwell Green was built in the late 1980s, and comes under the postal code of SO18 3xx.
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Cherwell (district)
Cherwell (usually /ˈtʃɜrwɛl/ CHUR-well) is a local government district in northern Oxfordshire, England. The district takes its name from the River Cherwell, which drains south through the region to flow into the River Thames at Oxford.
Towns in Cherwell include Banbury and Bicester. Kidlington is a contender for largest village in England.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, by a merger of the municipal borough of Banbury, Bicester urban district, Banbury Rural District and Ploughley Rural District.
The Castle Quay Shopping Centre in Banbury and Bicester Village Outlet Centre make the Cherwell District an attractive place to shop for those in South Northamptonshire, West Oxfordshire and South Warwickshire where facilities are more limited.
Cherwell district has one of the country's highest recycling rates at over 40% (2005). The district used to have a recycling rate of just 9%. This changed with the introduction of the blue box scheme for recycling paper, which has since grown to include plastic, cardboard and cans. Kidlington has its own freecycling group.
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Chester
Coordinates: 53°11′33″N 2°53′30″W / 53.1926°N 2.8918°W / 53.1926; -2.8918
Chester ( /ˈtʃɛstər/ CHESS-tər), is a city in Cheshire, England. Lying on the River Dee, close to the border with Wales, it is home to 80,121 inhabitants, and is the largest and most populous settlement of the wider unitary authority area of Cheshire West and Chester, which had a population of 328,100 according to the 2001 Census. Chester was granted city status in 1541.
Chester was founded as a "castrum" or Roman fort with the name Deva Victrix in the year 79 by the Roman Legio II Adiutrix during the reign of the Emperor Vespasian. Chester's four main roads, Eastgate, Northgate, Watergate and Bridge, follow routes laid out at this time – almost 2,000 years ago. One of the three main Roman army bases, Deva later became a major settlement in the Roman province of Britannia. After the Romans left in the 5th century, the Saxons fortified the town against the Danes and gave Chester its name. The patron saint of Chester, Werburgh, is buried in Chester Cathedral.
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Chichester
Coordinates: 50°50′11″N 0°46′45″W / 50.83652°N 0.77918°W / 50.83652; -0.77918
Chichester ( /ˈtʃɪtʃɨstə/; Sussex dialect: Chiddester /ˈtʃɪdɨstə/) is a cathedral city in West Sussex, within the historic County of Sussex, South-East England. It has a long history as a settlement; its Roman past and its subsequent importance in Anglo-Saxon times are only its beginnings. It is the seat of a bishopric, with a 12th century cathedral, and is home to some of the oldest churches and buildings in Great Britain.
Chichester today is a local government stronghold, with three levels of government being administered there. It is also a transport hub, and the centre for culture in the region, with a Festival theatre and two art galleries. Nearby Chichester Harbour, together with the South Downs and the city walls, provide opportunities for outdoor pursuits.
The area around Chichester is believed to have played significant part during the Roman Invasion of A.D 43, as confirmed by evidence of military storage structures in the area of the nearby Fishbourne Roman Palace. The city centre stands on the foundations of the Romano-British city of Noviomagus Reginorum, capital of the Civitas Reginorum. The Roman road of Stane Street, connecting the city with London, started at the east gate, while the Chichester to Silchester road started from the north gate. The plan of the city is inherited from the Romans: the North, South, East and West shopping streets radiate from the central market cross dating from medieval times.
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Chiltern (district)
Chiltern is one of four local government districts of Buckinghamshire in south central England. It is named after the Chiltern Hills on which the region sits.
The main towns in the district are Amersham and Chesham. It was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the Chesham Urban District and Amersham Rural District (which entirely surrounded it).
The parishes that make up Chiltern District are:
See also the list of civil parishes in Buckinghamshire
As of April 2011, it was as follows
Along with the Aylesbury Vale district, Chiltern contains no motorways except for a very small section of the M25 in the south-eastern corner. The major roads through the district are the A413 and the A404, the two meeting in Amersham. Railways services are provided by Chiltern Railways and London Underground's Metropolitan line. The Great Central Main Line carried traffic between London and Manchester until 1966, the section to Aylesbury is all that remains, being termed the London to Aylesbury Line. The only major station in the district is Amersham. Chesham is served exclusively by the Underground - it is the furthest tube station out of central London.
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City of Lancaster
The City of Lancaster ( /ˈlæŋkəstər/), is a local government district of Lancashire, England, with the status of a city and non-metropolitan district. It is named after its largest settlement, Lancaster, but covers a far larger area which includes the towns of Morecambe, Heysham, and Carnforth, as well as outlying villages, farms and rural hinterland. The city has a population of 133,914, and an area of 222 square miles (575 km2).
The current city boundaries were set as part of the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, and cover an amalgamation of five former local government districts—the municipal boroughs of Lancaster and Morecambe and Heysham, together with the Carnforth Urban District and rural districts of Lancaster and Lunesdale, all from the administrative county of Lancashire.
The higher tier of local government is Lancashire County Council. At a lower level, there are many parish councils. There is a List of civil parishes in the district.
The district comprises two parliamentary constituencies: Lancaster and Fleetwood and Morecambe and Lunesdale. In the 2010 General Election both seats were won by the Conservatives.
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City of Leeds
Coordinates: 53°47′59″N 1°32′57″W / 53.79972°N 1.54917°W / 53.79972; -1.54917 The City of Leeds is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England, governed by Leeds City Council, with the status of a city and metropolitan borough. The metropolitan district includes Leeds and the towns of Farsley, Garforth, Guiseley, Horsforth, Morley, Otley, Pudsey, Rothwell, Wetherby and Yeadon. It has a population of 798,800 (2010 est.) and is the second largest local government district in England by population; and the second largest metropolitan district by area.
The current city boundaries were set on 1 April 1974 by the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, as part a reform of local government in England. The city is a merger of eleven former local government districts; the unitary City and County Borough of Leeds combined with the municipal boroughs of Morley and Pudsey, the urban districts of Aireborough, Garforth, Horsforth, Otley and Rothwell, and parts of the rural districts of Tadcaster, Wharfedale and Wetherby from the West Riding of Yorkshire.
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City of London
The City of London is an area in central London, England. In the medieval period it constituted most of London, but the conurbation has grown far beyond it. As the City’s boundaries have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages, it is now only a tiny part of the metropolis, though it remains a notable part of central London, holds city status in its own right, and is a separate ceremonial county.
It is often referred to as the City (often written on maps as "City") or the Square Mile, as it is just over one square mile (1.12 sq mi/2.90 km2) in area. These terms are also often used as metonyms for the United Kingdom's financial services industry, which continues a notable history of being based in the City.
The term London now refers to a much larger conurbation roughly corresponding to Greater London, a local government area which includes 32 London boroughs including the City of Westminster as well as the City of London. The local authority for the City, the City of London Corporation, is unique in the United Kingdom, and has some unusual responsibilities for a local authority in Britain, such as being the police authority for the City. It also has responsibilities and ownerships beyond the City's boundaries. The Corporation is headed by the Lord Mayor of the City of London, an office separate from (and much older than) the Mayor of London.
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City of St Albans
The City of St Albans /sɨnt ˈɔːlbənz/, also known as the City and District of St Albans or District of St Albans, is a local government district, in Hertfordshire, England. It was created in 1974 and since then has held the status of non-metropolitan district and city. The local authority is St Albans City Council. It has routes to the M1 motorway via the A414 road (formerly the M10 motorway), and rail routes to London St Pancras and Watford via St Albans City railway station and St Albans Abbey railway station respectively.
The district includes St Albans (population c. 58,000), Harpenden (population c. 27,600), the parishes of Colney Heath, Harpenden Rural, London Colney, Redbourn, St Michael's, St Stephen's (including the villages of Chiswell Green and Bricket Wood), Sandridge and Wheathampstead. Nearby places outside the district include Hatfield to the east, Welwyn Garden City to the northeast, Luton and Dunstable to the northwest, Hemel Hempstead to the west, Watford to the southwest and Borehamwood to the south.
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City of Westminster
The City of Westminsteri/ˈwɛstmɪnstə/ is a London borough occupying much of the central area of London, England, including most of the West End. It is located to the west of and adjoining the ancient City of London, directly to the east of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, and its southern boundary is the River Thames. It is an Inner London borough and was created in 1965 when Greater London was established. At its creation Westminster was awarded city status, which had been previously held by the smaller Metropolitan Borough of Westminster. Aside from a number of large parks and open spaces, the population density of the district is high. Many sites commonly associated with London are located in the borough, including Buckingham Palace, the Houses of Parliament, and 10 Downing Street. The borough is divided into a number of localities including the ancient political district of Westminster around the Palace of Westminster; the shopping areas around Oxford Street, Regent Street, Piccadilly and Bond Street; and the night time entertainment district of Soho. Much of the borough is residential, and in 2008 it was estimated to have a population of 236,000. The local authority is Westminster City Council.
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City of Winchester
Winchester ( /ˈwɪntʃɨstər/) is a local government district in Hampshire, England, with city status. It covers an area of central Hampshire including the city of Winchester itself, and neighbouring towns and villages including New Alresford, Colden Common and Bishops Waltham.
The current city boundaries were set on 1 April 1974 when the City of Winchester merged with Droxford Rural District and part of Winchester Rural District.
Other than Gosport and Eastleigh, Winchester is the only non Unitary Authority, council District in Hampshire not to border another county and is the only one that neither borders another county nor the coast. The two Unitary Authorities in Hampshire that don't border another county are Portsmouth and Southampton, Portsmouth and Southampton are the only Unitary Authorities in Hampshire.
Elections to the council are held in three out of every four years, with one third of the seats on the council being elected at each election. From 1995 to the 2004 election the Liberal Democrats had a majority on the council, but after 2 years when no party held a majority the 2006 election saw the Conservative party gain control. The elections on 6 May 2010 saw the Liberal Democrats re take control of the council.
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Clausentum
Clausentum was a small town in the Roman province of Britannia. The site is believed to be located in Bitterne, which is now a suburb of Southampton.
Antonine Itinerary VII documents the Roman settlement of Clausentum as being 20 miles (32 km) west of Noviomagus Reginorum (Chichester) and 10 miles (16 km) from Venta Belgarum (Winchester). In 1610, William Camden identified Southampton as being the site of Clausentum and described how at Bitterne he had seen "old broken wals, and trenches of an antient castle". Around 1770,John Speed claimed that Clausentum was in the area that is now known as Bitterne Manor. In 1792, the Richard Warner investigated those claims and found a ditch, a bank and some Roman coins. Since then, this site has been investigated further and is generally accepted as the site of Clausentum, but there is no universal agreement. Reference to modern maps show Bitterne Manor to be 25 miles (40 km) from Chichester. Wickham is at the junction of two Roman Roads and is a better fit to the distances documented in Antonine Itinerary VII. The case for Clausentum being situated at Bitterne Manor is based on archaeological evidence, and the geography of the site (nestled inside a sharp bend in the River Itchen) which clearly allowed it to be turned into a good defensive position. The fact that there was a Roman settlement at what is now Bitterne Manor is not disputed.
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Cobden Bridge
Cobden Bridge is a major road bridge in Southampton, UK. It crosses the River Itchen joining the suburbs of St Denys and Bitterne Park. It forms part of the A3035. The present bridge dates from 1928, but there has been a bridge on this site since 1883.
The National Liberal Land Company purchased the land that is now Bitterne Park in 1882, and began developing it for residential purposes. An iron bridge was constructed across the Itchen to St Denys, thus improving access and vastly increasing the value of the land.
The bridge was opened with the promise to be "free to the public for ever". This was in clear competition to Northam Bridge further south, which at that time was a toll bridge.
The bridge was named Cobden Bridge after Richard Cobden, a prominent Liberal politician. Cobden was notable as a campaigner for free trade, and formed the Anti-Corn Law League. The bridge was opened on 27 June 1883 by Thorold Rogers, another Liberal politician and friend of Cobden, who was also chairman of the Land Company.
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Cornwall
Cornwall ( /ˈkɔrnwɔːl/ or /ˈkɔrnwəl/;Cornish: Kernow [ˈkɛrnɔʊ]; Latin: Cornubia or Cornuvia) is a unitary authority and ceremonial county of England, within the United Kingdom. It is bordered to the north and west by the Celtic Sea, to the south by the English Channel, and to the east by the county of Devon, over the River Tamar. Cornwall has a population of 537,400 and covers an area of 3,563 km2 (1,376 sq mi). The administrative centre and only city is Truro.
The area now known as Cornwall was first inhabited in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods. It continued to be occupied by Neolithic and then Bronze Age peoples, and later (in the Iron Age) by Brythons with distinctive cultural relations to neighbouring Wales and Brittany. There is little evidence that Roman rule was effective west of Exeter and few Roman remains have been found. Cornwall was a division of the Dumnonii tribe—whose tribal centre was in the modern county of Devon—known as the Cornovii, separated from Wales after the Battle of Deorham, often coming into conflict with the expanding English kingdom of Wessex before King Athelstan in AD 936 set the boundary between English and Cornish at the Tamar. From the early Middle Ages, British language and culture was apparently shared by Brythons trading across both sides of the Channel, evidenced by the corresponding high medieval Breton kingdoms of Domnonee and Cornouaille and the Celtic Christianity common to both territories.
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Coventry
Coventry (i/ˈkɒvəntri/) is a city and metropolitan borough in the county of West Midlands in England. Coventry is the 9th largest city in England and the 11th largest in the United Kingdom. It is also the second largest city in the English Midlands, after Birmingham, with a population of 300,848, although Stoke-on-Trent, Leicester and Nottingham have larger urban areas. The population of Coventry had risen to 315,800 as of 2010, according to the Office of National Statistics.
Historically within Warwickshire, Coventry is situated 95 miles (153 km) northwest of central London and 19 miles (31 km) east-southeast of Birmingham, and is further from the coast than any other city in Britain. Although harbouring a population of almost a third of a million inhabitants, Coventry is not amongst the English Core Cities Group due to its proximity to Birmingham.
Coventry was the world's first twin city when it formed a twinning relationship with the Russian city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) during World War II. The relationship developed through ordinary people in Coventry who wanted to show their support for the Soviet Red Army during the Battle of Stalingrad. The city is now also twinned with Dresden, Lidice and 23 other cities around the world.
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Cowes
Coordinates: 50°45′34″N 1°18′01″W / 50.7595°N 1.3002°W / 50.7595; -1.3002
Cowes (sometimes anachronistically referred to as West Cowes) is an English seaport town and civil parish on the Isle of Wight. Cowes is located on the west bank of the estuary of the River Medina facing the smaller town of East Cowes on the east Bank. The two towns are linked by the Cowes Floating Bridge, a chain ferry.
The population was 9,663 in the 2001 census, a figure that is easily doubled during the regatta in early August.
Leland's 19th century verses described the towns poetically as "The two great Cowes that in loud thunder roar, This on the eastern, that the western shore".
Cowes has been seen as a home for international yacht racing since the founding of the Royal Yacht Squadron in 1815. The town gives its name to the world's oldest regular regatta, Cowes Week, which occurs annually in the first week of August. Later on in the summer, powerboat races are held.
Much of the town's architecture is still heavily influenced by the style of ornate building which Prince Albert popularised.
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Coxford, Southampton
Coordinates: 50°56′02″N 1°26′31″W / 50.934°N 1.442°W / 50.934; -1.442 Coxford is an Electoral Ward in the Unitary Authority of Southampton, England. It had a population of 14,232 as of the 2001 census.
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Crawley
Crawley ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a town and local government district with Borough status in West Sussex, England. It is 28 miles (45 km) south of Charing Cross, 18 miles (29 km) north of Brighton and Hove, and 32 miles (51 km) northeast of the county town of Chichester, covers an area of 17.36 square miles (44.96 km2) and had a population of 99,744 at the time of the 2001 Census.
The area has been inhabited since the Stone Age, and was a centre of ironworking in Roman times. Crawley developed slowly as a market town from the 13th century, serving the surrounding villages in the Weald; its location on the main road from London to Brighton brought a passing trade, encouraging the development of coaching inns. It was connected to the railway network in the 1840s.
Gatwick Airport, now one of Britain's busiest international airports, opened on the edge of the town in the 1940s, encouraging commercial and industrial growth. After the Second World War, the British Government planned to move large numbers of people and jobs out of London and into new towns around South East England. The New Towns Act 1946 designated Crawley as the site of one of these. A master plan was developed for the establishment of new residential, commercial, industrial and civic areas, and rapid development greatly increased the size and population of the town in a few decades.
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Dartford (borough)
The Borough of Dartford is a local government district and borough in north west Kent, England, which takes its name from its administrative capital. It borders Thurrock, to the north across the River Thames; to the west lies the London Borough of Bexley; to the south Sevenoaks district; and the borough of Gravesham to the east. The population of the borough recorded in the 2001 census was 85,911.
The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the Municipal Borough of Dartford, Swanscombe Urban District, and part of Dartford Rural District. In the mid-1990s review of local government in Kent, consideration was given to merging the borough with that of adjoining Gravesham to form a new unitary authority. However the proposal proved unpopular amongst residents, and the two borough councils kept their identities.
Since 2010, Dartford's MP is Gareth Johnson (Conservative) who replaced the outgoing Howard Stoate (Labour). The Mayor for the year May 2010 to May 2011 is Councillor Pat Coleman. The Leader of the Council, from February 2006, is Councillor Jeremy Kite (Conservative). Councillors represent the following seventeen wards, as amended in 2001:
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Derby
Derby (i/ˈdɑːbi/ DAR-bi), is a city and unitary authority in the East Midlands region of England. It lies upon the banks of the River Derwent and is located in the south of the ceremonial county of Derbyshire. In the 2001 census, the population of the city was 233,700, whilst that of the Derby Urban Area was 229,407. According to the 2001 census, Derby was at that time the 18th largest settlement in England, measured by urban area.
The city has Roman, Saxon and Viking origins.
The Roman camp of 'Derventio' was probably at Little Chester/Chester Green (grid reference SK353375); The site of the old Roman fort is at Chester Green. Later the town was one of the 'Five Boroughs' (fortified towns) of the Danelaw.
Djúra-bý, recorded in Anglo-Saxon as Deoraby "Village of the Deer". This popular belief is asserted by Tim Lambert who states, "The name Derby is derived from the Danish words deor by meaning deer settlement" without reference or proof. However some[who?] assert that it is a corruption of the original Roman name 'Derventio'. The proven origin of the name "Derby" would seem to be elusive.
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Derry
Coordinates: 54°59′45″N 7°18′27″W / 54.9958°N 7.3074°W / 54.9958; -7.3074
Derry or Londonderry is the second-biggest city in Northern Ireland and the fourth-biggest city on the island of Ireland. The name Derry is an anglicisation of the Irish name Doire or Doire Cholmcille, (Old Irish "Dhoire") meaning "oak-wood of Colmcille". In 1613, the city was granted a Royal Charter by King James I and the "London" prefix was added, changing the name of the city to Londonderry. While the city is more usually known as Derry, Londonderry is also used and remains the legal name.
The old walled city lies on the west bank of the River Foyle, which is spanned by two road bridges and one footbridge. The city now covers both banks (Cityside on the west and Waterside on the east). The city district also extends to rural areas to the southeast. The population of the city proper (the area defined by its 17th century charter) was 83,652 in the 2001 Census, while the Derry Urban Area had a population of 90,663. The Derry City Council area had a population of 107,300 as of June 2006. The district is administered by Derry City Council and contains both Londonderry Port and City of Derry Airport.
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Dorchester, Dorset
Coordinates: 50°42′00″N 2°26′00″W / 50.7°N 2.433333°W / 50.7; -2.433333
Dorchester ( /ˈdɔrtʃɛstər/ DOR-ches-tər) is the county town of Dorset, England. A historic market town, Dorchester lies on the banks of the River Frome, in the Frome Valley, just south of the Dorset Downs and north of the South Dorset Ridgeway, that separates the area from Weymouth, 8 miles (13 km) south.
Dorchester is noted as being home and inspiration to the author Thomas Hardy, whose novels Tess of the d'Urbervilles and The Mayor of Casterbridge were both based on the town.
In the 2001 Census the official population of Dorchester was 16,171, although by 2010 this was estimated to have risen to 18,280.
Dorchester's roots stem back to prehistoric times. Settlements were first based around Maiden Castle, a large Iron Age hill fort that was one of the most powerful settlements in pre-Roman Britain, with varying tribes having existed there since 4000 BC. The Durotriges were likely to have been there at the arrival of the Romans in 43 AD.
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Dover (district)
Dover is a local government district in Kent, England. Dover is its administrative centre. It was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the boroughs of Deal, Dover, and Sandwich along with Dover Rural District and most of Eastry Rural District. There are three towns within the district: Dover, Deal and Sandwich; and the parishes below:
The northern boundary of the district is the River Stour; on its eastern side is the district of Canterbury; to the south the parish of Capel-le-Ferne; and to the east the Straits of Dover. The southern part of the latter is the point where the North Downs meets the sea, at the so-called ‘White cliffs of Dover’. Further north along the coast, from Deal onwards, the land is at sea level, where the River Stour enters the sea by a circuitous route. It is here, on the sand-dunes, that the Royal St George's Golf Club, founded in 1887, and of international repute, is situated.
In the district are industrial remains of the erstwhile Kent coalfield, situated around Tilmanstone and Betteshanger. Technically speaking, half of the underwater section of the Channel Tunnel is under British Sovereignty and thus part of the district.
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Dudley
Coordinates: 52°30′43″N 2°05′45″W / 52.5119°N 2.0957°W / 52.5119; -2.0957
Dudley (i/ˈdʌdli/ DUD-lee) is a large town in the West Midlands county of England, and the administrative centre of the wider Metropolitan Borough of Dudley. At the 2001 census (according to the Office of National Statistics), the Dudley Urban Sub Area had a population of 194,919, making it the one of the largest settlements in England, the second largest town in the United Kingdom behind Reading, and the largest settlement in the UK without its own university.
Dudley is part of the West Midlands conurbation, and is located south of the city of Wolverhampton. It is the largest town in the Black Country region of England, and for many years the town (but not the castle, which was classed as part of Staffordshire) formed part of an exclave of the county of Worcestershire. Despite the more recent changes in county borders, the town still remains part of the Anglican Diocese of Worcester.
Dudley unsuccessfully bid to receive city status in 2012, losing out to Chelmsford, Perth and St. Asaph.
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Dundee
Coordinates: 56°27′50″N 2°58′12″W / 56.464°N 2.970°W / 56.464; -2.970
Dundeei/dʌnˈdiː/ (Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Dè) is the fourth-largest city in Scotland and the 38th most populous settlement in the United Kingdom. It lies within the eastern central Lowlands on the north bank of the Firth of Tay, which feeds into the North Sea. Under the name of Dundee City, it forms one of the 32 council areas used for local government in Scotland.
The town developed into a burgh in Medieval times, and expanded rapidly in the 19th century largely due to the jute industry. This, along with its other major industries gave Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism".
In mid-2008, the population of the City of Dundee was estimated to be 152,320. Dundee's recorded population reached a peak of 182,204 at the time of the 1971 census, but has since declined.
Today, Dundee is promoted as 'One City, Many Discoveries' in honour of Dundee's history of scientific activities and of the RRS Discovery, Robert Falcon Scott's Antarctic exploration vessel, which was built in Dundee and is now berthed in the city harbour. Biomedical and technological industries have arrived since the 1980s, and the city now accounts for 10% of the United Kingdom's digital-entertainment industry. Dundee has two universities—the University of Dundee and the University of Abertay Dundee. A £1,000,000,000 master plan to regenerate and to reconnect the Waterfront to the city centre which started in 2001 is expected to be completed within a 30 year period, with the Dundee Victoria & Albert Museum opening within 5.
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Durham
Coordinates: 54°46′34″N 1°34′24″W / 54.7761°N 1.5733°W / 54.7761; -1.5733
Durham ( /ˈdʌrəm/, locally /ˈdɜrəm/) is a city in north east England. It is within the County Durham local government district, and is the county town of the larger ceremonial county. It lies to the south of Newcastle upon Tyne, Chester-le-Street and Sunderland and to the north of Darlington.
Durham is well known for its Norman cathedral and 11th-century castle, both designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986. The castle has been the home of Durham University since 1832. HM Prison Durham is also located close to the city centre.
The name "Durham" comes from the Old English "dun", meaning hill, and the Old Norse "holme", which translates to island. The Lord Bishop of Durham takes a Latin variation of the city's name in his official signature, which is signed "N. Dunelm." Some attribute the city's name to the legend of the Dun Cow and the milkmaid who in legend guided the monks of Lindisfarne carrying the body of Saint Cuthbert to the site of the present city in 995 AD. Dun Cow Lane is said to be one of the first streets in Durham, being directly to the east of Durham Cathedral and taking its name from a depiction of the city's founding etched in masonry on the south side of the cathedral. The city has been known by a number of names throughout history. The original Nordic Dun Holm was changed to Duresme by the Normans and was known in Latin as Dunelm. The modern form Durham came into use later in the city's history. The north eastern historian, Robert Surtees chronicled the name changes in his History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of Durham but states that it is an "impossibility" to tell when the city's modern name came into being.
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East Hampshire
East Hampshire is a local government district in Hampshire, England. Its council is based in Petersfield. Other towns are Alton, Horndean and Whitehill-Bordon.
The district was originally to be known as the District Council of Petersfield. It comprised 42 seats and first met on 18 June 1973. For ten months it operated alongside the councils that it was formed to replace: the Alton and Petersfield urban districts along with Alton Rural District and Petersfield Rural District.
On 8 October 1973, the new council changed its name to the current East Hampshire District Council (or EHDC as it is usually known).
On 1 April 1974, the old councils were dissolved, leaving only EHDC.
Sandy Hopkins was the first joint Chief Executive in Hampshire when she was appointed to head both EHDC and Havant Borough Council in October 2009.
Councillors approved the business case put forward by the Chief Executive for a shared management team between the two authorities in June 2010.
The new team took up its position in October 2010 and consists of five Executive Heads reporting to two Executive Directors. This is a reduction in senior management from 15 to 7 positions.
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East Sussex
East Sussex ( /ˈsʌsɨks/) is a county in South East England. It is bordered by the counties of Kent, Surrey and West Sussex, and to the south by the English Channel.
East Sussex is part of the historic county of Sussex, which has its roots in the ancient kingdom of the South Saxons, who established themselves there in the 5th century AD, after the departure of the Romans. Archaeological remains are plentiful, especially in the upland areas. The area's position on the coast has also meant that there were many invaders, including the Romans and later the Normans. Earlier industries have included fishing, iron-making, and the wool trade, all of which have declined, or been lost completely.
Sussex is traditionally divided into six sub-divisions known as rapes. From the 12th century the three eastern rapes and the three western rapes each had separate quarter sessions, with the county town of the three eastern rapes being Lewes. This situation was formalised by Parliament in 1865, and the two parts were made into administrative counties, each with distinct elected county councils in 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888. In East Sussex there were also three self-administered county boroughs: Brighton, Eastbourne and Hastings.
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Eastbourne
Eastbourne ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a large town and borough in East Sussex, within the historic County of Sussex, on the south coast of England between Brighton and Hastings. The town is situated at the eastern end of the chalk South Downs alongside the high cliff at Beachy Head. The modern town emerged in the early 19th century as a seaside resort, assisted by the arrival of the railway in 1849, and developed a spacious, regular layout.
Prior to its Victorian development, the area consisted of the estates of the Duke of Devonshire and others, which had evolved around the village of East Burne. From the Bronze Age onward there were small settlements in and around the "Burne", an ancient stream which ran from what is now Motcombe Gardens down to the sea. During the Middle Ages sheep farming and fishing were the main activities. Eastbourne's earliest claim as a seaside resort was a summer holiday visit by four of King George III's children in 1780. During the Napoleonic Wars, the Wish Tower and the Redoubt were built as defences. In the wake of the fall of France in 1940, the town’s population fell sharply as this part of the south coast was considered a likely invasion zone. The town was badly bombed thus gaining it the dubious reputation of being ‘the most raided town in the southeast’. Thousands of Canadian soldiers were stationed in and around Eastbourne from the summer of 1941 to the run-up to D-Day.
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Eastleigh
Coordinates: 50°58′00″N 1°21′00″W / 50.966667°N 1.35°W / 50.966667; -1.35
Eastleigh is a railway town in Hampshire, England, and the main town in the Eastleigh borough. The town lies between Southampton and Winchester, and is part of the South Hampshire conurbation. Eastleigh borough stretches from Netley on the banks of Southampton Water, the historic river villages of Hamble-le-Rice, Bursledon and Botley, the developing areas of Hedge End, West End, Fair Oak & Bishopstoke and the green residential belt of Chandler's Ford and Boyatt Wood. Eastleigh is home to many businesses, including a manufacturing plant owned by Prysmian Cables & Systems (formerly the cables division of Pirelli).
The town lies on the River Itchen, one of England's premier chalk streams for fly fishing, a designated site of Special Scientific Interest due to its high quality habitats supporting a wide range of protected species including the threatened water vole,otter, brook lamprey and white-clawed crayfish.
The modern town of Eastleigh lies on the old Roman road, built in A.D.79 between Winchester (Venta Belgarum) and Bitterne (Clausentum).Roman remains discovered in the Eastleigh area, including a Roman lead coffin excavated in 1908, indicate that a settlement probably existed here in Roman times.
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Eastleigh (borough)
The Borough of Eastleigh is a local government district and borough in Hampshire, England, bordering the unitary authority of Southampton, Test Valley, the City of Winchester and the borough of Fareham. Eastleigh is separated from the New Forest by Southampton Water. Water bounds much of the borough, with Southampton Water and the River Hamble bordering the east and southwest of the district. The built up nature of neighbouring Southampton and the urban area around the town of Eastleigh contrast with the rural nature of much of the borough, which lies within the Hampshire Basin.
The original Eastleigh borough was formed in 1936 following the incorporation of the former Eastleigh Urban District Council. The borough as it is today was formed in 1974, when the existing Borough of Eastleigh expanded to include part of the former Winchester Rural District as a result of the Local Government Act 1972. The name of the borough was chosen by the children's author, Charlotte Mary Yonge. There are eight parishes within the borough, but some areas are unparished and controlled directly by the borough council, which has 44 seats. The council's headquarters is in the town of Eastleigh itself. The borough is also served by seven county councillors and two members of Parliament. The borough's latin motto, "Salus populi suprema lex" translates as "The Welfare of the People is the most important Law".
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Edinburgh
Edinburgh (i/ˈɛdɪnbʌrə/ ED-in-burr-ə; Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Èideann) is the capital city of Scotland and the seat of the Scottish Parliament. It is the second largest city in Scotland and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom. The City of Edinburgh Council governs one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas. The council area includes urban Edinburgh and a 30 square miles (78 km2) rural area. Located in the south-east of Scotland, Edinburgh lies on the east coast of the Central Belt, along the Firth of Forth, near the North Sea.
The city was one of the historical major centres of the Enlightenment, led by the University of Edinburgh, helping to earn it the nickname Athens of the North. The Old Town and New Town districts of Edinburgh were listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995 in recognition of the unique character of the Medieval Old Town and the planned Georgian New Town. It covers both the Old and New Towns together with the Dean Village and the Calton Hill areas. There are over 4,500 listed buildings within the city. In May 2010, it had a total of 40 conservation areas covering 23% of the building stock and 23% of the population, the highest such ratios of any major city in the UK. In the 2011 mid-year population estimates, Edinburgh had a total resident population of 495,360.
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Elmbridge
Elmbridge is a local government district and borough in Surrey, England. Its council is based in Esher. The district has only one civil parish, which is Claygate. The borough shares a boundary with Greater London—the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames to the north and the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames to the east—and borders the Surrey boroughs of Runnymede, Spelthorne, Woking, Guildford and Mole Valley. Elmbridge is located almost entirely within the bounds of the M25 motorway.
Elmbridge is named after the Elmbridge hundred, which appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Amelebrige. The district was formed on 1 April 1974 following the Local Government Act 1972.
The borough is governed by Elmbridge Borough Council. Prior to 1974, the borough was split between the Esher Urban District, whose council had existed since 1933, and the Walton and Weybridge Urban District. The councils arms were created upon the formation of the present day district, being formed out of symbols taken from the local towns and villages. A new Civic Centre was opened in 1991.
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Ely, Cambridgeshire
Coordinates: 52°24′N 0°16′E / 52.40°N 0.26°E / 52.40; 0.26
Ely (i/ˈiːli/ EE-lee) is a cathedral city in Cambridgeshire, England, 14 miles (23 km) north-north-east of Cambridge and about 80 miles (129 km) by road from London. Æthelthryth (Etheldreda) founded an abbey at Ely in AD 673; the abbey was destroyed in 870 by Danish invaders and was rebuilt by Ethelwold, Bishop of Winchester, in 970. Construction of the cathedral was started in 1083 by the first Norman bishop, Simeon. Sacrist, Alan of Walsingham's octagon, built over Ely's nave crossing between 1322 and 1328, is the "greatest individual achievement of architectural genius at Ely Cathedral" according to architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner. Building continued until the dissolution of the abbey in 1539 during the Reformation. The cathedral was sympathetically restored between 1845 and 1870 by the architect George Gilbert Scott. As the seat of a diocese, Ely has long been considered a city; in 1974, city status was granted by royal charter.
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English Channel
The English Channel (French: la Manche, Breton: Mor Breizh, Cornish: Mor Bretannek), often referred to simply as the Channel, is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates southern England from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic. It is about 560 km (350 mi) long and varies in width from 240 km (150 mi) at its widest to 34 km (21 mi) in the Strait of Dover. It is the smallest of the shallow seas around the continental shelf of Europe, covering an area of some 75,000 km2 (29,000 sq mi).
The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the English Channel as follows:
On the West. A line joining Isle Vierge (48°38′23″N 4°34′13″W / 48.63972°N 4.57028°W / 48.63972; -4.57028) to Lands End (50°04′N 5°43′W / 50.067°N 5.717°W / 50.067; -5.717).
On the East. The Southwestern limit of the North Sea.
The IHO defines the southwestern limit of the North Sea as "a line joining the Walde Lighthouse (France, 1°55'E) and Leathercoat Point (England, 51°10'N)". The Walde Lighthouse is 6 km east of Calais (50°59′06″N 1°55′00″E / 50.985°N 1.9166667°E / 50.985; 1.9166667), and Leathercoat Point is at the north end of St Margaret's Bay, Kent (51°10′00″N 1°24′00″E / 51.1666667°N 1.4°E / 51.1666667; 1.4).
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Epsom and Ewell
Epsom and Ewell is a local government district with borough status in Surrey, England, covering the town of Epsom and the village of Ewell. The borough was formed as an urban district in 1894, and was known as Epsom until 1934. It was made a municipal borough in 1937. The district was considered for inclusion in Greater London in 1965 but was left unaltered by the London Government Act 1963 and the Local Government Act 1972 in 1974. However, despite being outside modern Greater London the borough was in the Metropolitan Police District until it was transferred to Surrey Police in 2000. In the May 2011 elections, the borough was held by the Epsom and Ewell Residents Association with 26 seats, Liberal Democrats with 6 seats and both the Labour and Conservatives with 3 seats.
Epsom and Ewell lie on the spring line on the north face of the North Downs where pervious chalk meets impervious London clay and a series of springs form. In Ewell the springs which form the Hogsmill River are evident, those in Epsom less so. The springs attracted prehistoric people and remains have been found, mostly in Ewell and particularly near the Hogsmill. In Roman times the road now known as Stane Street, from London to Chichester, passed through Epsom and Ewell. Roman remains have been found in Ewell suggesting a sizeable settlement. Epsom and Ewell have Saxon names: Ewell takes its name from the spring in the centre of the village and Epsom, or Ebbisham, is the enclosure of Ebbi. A Saxon cemetery in The Grove in Ewell was excavated in the 1930s.
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Exeter
Exeter (i/ˈɛksɨtər/ EK-si-tər) is a historic city in Devon, England. It lies within the ceremonial county of Devon, of which it is the county town as well as the home of Devon County Council. Currently the administrative area has the status of a non-metropolitan district, and is therefore under the administration of the County Council. The city is on the River Exe, about 37 miles (60 km) northeast of Plymouth, and 70 miles (110 km) southwest of Bristol. According to the 2001 Census, its population in that year was 111,076, while the mid-2010 estimate was 119,600.
Exeter was the most south-westerly Roman fortified settlement in Britain. Its Exeter Cathedral, founded in the early 12th century, became Anglican at the time of the 16th century Reformation.
Exeter has been identified as one of the top ten most profitable locations for a business to be based. The city has good transport links, with Exeter St David's railway station, Exeter Central railway station, the M5 motorway and Exeter International Airport connecting the city both nationally and internationally. Although a popular tourist destination, the city is not dominated by tourism.
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Fareham
Coordinates: 50°51′N 1°11′W / 50.85°N 1.18°W / 50.85; -1.18
The market town of Fareham lies in the south east of Hampshire, England, between the cities of Southampton and Portsmouth, roughly in the centre of the South Hampshire conurbation.
It gives its name to the borough comprising the town and the surrounding area. To the south of the town lies Gosport, itself a separate borough, to the east Portchester, to the north the M27 motorway and Wickham, part of the City of Winchester. Westwards lie Titchfield; Catisfield, Locks Heath, Warsash and Whiteley, which is also shared with the City of Winchester.
Fareham traditionally relied on its clay soil for industry, producing bricks, tiles and chimney pots. This past is commemorated through place names such as Kiln Road. The most famous example of a building constructed of "Fareham red bricks" is probably the Royal Albert Hall, London. The main economic activity in Fareham is now retail, employing 15% of the local population. Fareham has also become a popular choice for the location of business call centres; several of the UK's major banks have offices in Fareham and Adecco, the recruitment agency, claims Fareham as the second best call centre location in the UK[citation needed].
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Fareham (borough)
The Borough of Fareham is a local government district and borough in Hampshire, England. Its council is based in Fareham. Other places within the Borough include Portchester, Stubbington, Hill Head, Titchfield, Warsash, Locks Heath, Sarisbury and half of Whiteley. The Borough covers much of the semi-urban area between the cities of Southampton and Portsmouth, and is part of the South Hampshire conurbation, with many residents commuting to the two cities for employment.
The Fareham urban district was reconstituted as a non-metropolitan district by the Local Government Act 1972 on 1 April 1974 and gained borough status.
The Borough of Fareham covers the area from Portchester in the east to Warsash in the west, south to Stubbington and Hill Head and north to include part of Whiteley. It is unusual for a relatively small borough in that it has two Members of Parliament (Stubbington and Hill Head are part of the Gosport constituency), two post towns (the west of the borough is in the Southampton post town) and three telephone dialling codes (mostly 01329 but also 01489 in the west of the borough and 023 in the extreme east).
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Fawley, Hampshire
Coordinates: 50°49′41″N 1°21′07″W / 50.828°N 1.352°W / 50.828; -1.352
Fawley is a village and civil parish in Hampshire, England. It is situated in the New Forest on the western shore of the Solent, approximately 7 miles (11 kilometres) south of Southampton. Fawley is also the site of an oil refinery, operated by Exxon-Mobil, which is the largest facility of its kind in the United Kingdom. Fawley Power Station is also located less than a mile to the south east of the village.
A settlement has existed at Fawley for many centuries, and the village itself was recorded in the Domesday Book. Other areas in the parish can boast remains from the Stone Age and Roman occupation. A church at Fawley apparently existed in 971. The present church (All Saints) was built between 1170 and 1340. This church still exists and is the parish church of much of the surrounding area.
The arrival of the Esso oil refinery in 1921 transformed a sparsely populated agricultural area into an industrial centre with a population of around 14,500. Modern Fawley is smaller and less populous than its more recently founded neighbours, Holbury and Blackfield, but remains the administrative centre of the parish. Other villages within the parish of Fawley include Hardley (a suburb of Holbury), Langley (a suburb of Blackfield), Ashlett, and Calshot. Calshot possesses shingle beaches and attracts significant numbers of tourists and local visitors during the summer months. Near Calshot is Luttrell's Tower, an 18th century Gothic folly.
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Fleet, Hampshire
Coordinates: 51°17′00″N 0°50′44″W / 51.2834°N 0.8456°W / 51.2834; -0.8456
Fleet is a town and civil parish in the Hart district of Hampshire, England, located 37 miles (60 km) south west of London. It is part of Hart District. The 2007 population forecast for Fleet was 31,687. In 2011, Hart, of which Fleet is the main town, was voted the best place to live in the UK by the Halifax Quality of Life study, above areas such as Elmbridge in Surrey and Wokingham in Berkshire.
The site of Fleet was originally heathland in the northern part of the Crondall Hundred. The name Fleet was probably derived from the Norman French word La Flete meaning a stream or shallow water - a reference to the Fleet Pond from which fish had been taken for the monks in Winchester in Medieval times.
In 1792 the Basingstoke Canal opened. The canal passed through the town site, but apart from a few inns to serve the passing trade it had little effect on the locality. Apart from the Farnham to Reading road, the site remained largely undeveloped until the construction of the London and South Western Railway, which opened in 1840. In that year a church - Christ Church that was to become the heart of the new ecclesiastial parish of Ewshot and Crookham was built midway between the villages of Crookham and Ewshot. This parish included the area that was to become the town of Fleet. The railway company promoted Fleet Pond for a destination for day excurisons and many people came down from London to skate on the Pond during the winter. This attracted a number of gentry, particularly retired army officers, who moved to the area bounded by Fleet Road, Elvetham Road and Reading Road North and laid the foundations of what was to become known locally as "The Blue Triangle".
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Fleetwood
Coordinates: 53°55′23″N 3°00′54″W / 53.923°N 3.015°W / 53.923; -3.015
Fleetwood is a town within the Wyre district of Lancashire, England, lying at the northwest corner of the Fylde. It had a population of 26,840 people at the 2001 Census. It forms part of the Greater Blackpool conurbation. The town was the first planned community of the Victorian era. For most of the 20th century, Fleetwood was a prominent deep-sea fishing port, but, since the 1970s, the fishing industry has declined precipitously and the town has undergone economic difficulties. Fleetwood is also a seaside resort, serving as a quiet contrast to nearby Blackpool.
Ptolemy's Geographia in the 2nd century AD records a tribe known as the Setantii living in what is believed to be present-day West Lancashire, and a seaport built by the Romans called PORTVS SETANTIORVM ('the port of the Setantii') abutting Moricambe Aestuarium (presumably Morecambe Bay). There is also evidence of a Roman road running from Ribchester to Kirkham (12 miles southeast of Fleetwood) which then makes a sharp turn to the northwest. Together, these suggest that Fleetwood may well have been the location of this Roman port. No direct evidence of the port has been found, but in 2007, an Iron Age settlement was discovered at Bourne Hill, just south of present-day Fleetwood, suggesting the area was populated in pre-Roman times.
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Fordingbridge
Coordinates: 50°55′39″N 1°47′24″W / 50.9275°N 1.7901°W / 50.9275; -1.7901
Fordingbridge is a town and civil parish with a population of 5,700 on the River Avon in the New Forest District of Hampshire, England, near to the Dorset and Wiltshire borders and on the edge of the New Forest. It is 81 miles (130 km) south west of London, and 10 miles (16 km) south of the city of Salisbury. Fordingbridge is a former market town. The Avon Valley Path passes through the town.
Fordingbridge is a town and civil parish in Hampshire on the banks of the River Avon. The first Great Bridge, from which the town received its present name, was built in mediaeval times, and is upstream from the ford. The bridge is a major feature of the town with its seven graceful arches, which can be seen very easily from the town’s large riverside park where one can walk along the riverbank draped with willows and waterside plants. Close by is a children’s play area, secluded memorial gardens, parks and sports playing fields. A bronze statue of the controversial painter, Augustus John, stands on the banks of the Avon near the Great Bridge.
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Freemantle
Coordinates: 50°54′42″N 1°25′35″W / 50.9117°N 1.4265°W / 50.9117; -1.4265
Freemantle is a suburb and electoral ward in Southampton, UK.
There are similarly named places in Hampshire: notably Henry II's hunting lodge in Kingsclere; a suburb of Hannington; and Freemantle Common in Bitterne. These were formerly thought to be French names meaning "cold cloak", but are now known to derive from the word fromental, meaning a wheat-field.
Freemantle was originally a large house and estate within the parish of Millbrook and before that was a farm house and land within that same parish. In 1851 it was deemed a separate parish, although some sources still refer to Freemantle as being part of Millbrook. The Freemantle House and Estate was sold by its last owner, Sir George Henry Hewett in 1852, and was bought by Sampson Payne, a local property developer. Sampson Payne was not only a merchant and local property developer, he was a town councillor of many years standing, and also was Mayor of Southampton from 1854-1856. He disposed of the land in smaller parcels ranging in value from £20 to £100 to various property developers and building societies. Within a short time, he had also intersected the park by nearly twenty roads.
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Garston, Merseyside
Coordinates: 53°21′04″N 2°53′38″W / 53.351°N 2.894°W / 53.351; -2.894
Garston is a district of Liverpool, Merseyside, England. Historically within Lancashire, it is bordered by Aigburth, Allerton and Speke.
Gaerstun, meaning 'grazing settlement' or 'grazing farm' in Old English, is one possible root of the name.
In medieval times, Garston was home to a group of Benedictine monks. The first recorded mention of settlement in Garston is of the church of St. Michael in 1235. By the 19th century, the area had become a small village, one of the eight townships forming the parish of Childwall.
A small dock was first built at Garston in 1793 for Blackburne’s Saltworks, which still stands today.
Garston's growth accelerated rapidly in the 1840s, when in 1846, the area's first dock was constructed and opened, under the auspices of the St Helens and Runcorn Gap Railway Company. The "Old Dock" was followed twenty years later by a second, the "New Dock". In 1902, Garston was incorporated into the City of Liverpool.
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Gibraltar
Gibraltar ( /dʒɨˈbrɒltər/) is a British overseas territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean. It has an area of 6.8 square kilometres (2.6 sq mi) and a northern border with Andalusia, Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the region. At its foot is the densely populated city area, home to almost 30,000 Gibraltarians and other nationalities.
An Anglo-Dutch force captured Gibraltar from Spain in 1704 during the War of the Spanish Succession. The territory was subsequently ceded to Britain "in perpetuity" under the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. It was an important base for the Royal Navy; today its economy is based largely on tourism, financial services, and shipping.
The sovereignty of Gibraltar is a major point of contention in Anglo-Spanish relations as Spain asserts a claim to the territory. Gibraltarians rejected proposals for Spanish sovereignty in a 1967 referendum and again in 2002. Under the Gibraltar constitution of 2006, Gibraltar governs its own affairs, though some powers, such as defence and foreign relations, remain the responsibility of the UK Government.
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Glasgow
Coordinates: 55°51′29″N 4°15′32″W / 55.858°N 4.259°W / 55.858; -4.259
Glasgow (i/ˈɡlɑːzɡəʊ/, locally /ˈɡlazɡo/, GLAZ-goh; Scots: Glesga listen (help·info); Scottish Gaelic: Glaschu ([ˈkɫ̪as̪əxu] listen (help·info))) is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's West Central Lowlands.
Glasgow grew from a small rural settlement on the River Clyde to become one of the largest seaports in Britain. Expanding from the medieval bishopric of Glasgow and the later establishment of the University of Glasgow in the 15th century, it became a major centre of the Scottish Enlightenment in the 18th century. From the 18th century the city also grew as one of Britain's main hubs of transatlantic trade with British North America and the British West Indies. With the Industrial Revolution, the city and surrounding region shifted to become one of the world's pre-eminent centres of heavy engineering, most notably in shipbuilding and marine engineering industry, which produced many innovative and famous vessels. Glasgow was known as the "Second City of the British Empire" for much of the Victorian era and Edwardian period. Today it is one of Europe's top ten financial centres and is home to many of Scotland's leading businesses. Glasgow is also ranked as the 57th most liveable city in the world.
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Gloucester
Gloucester (i/ˈɡlɒstər/ GLOS-tər) is a city, district and county town of Gloucestershire in the South West region of England. Gloucester lies close to the Welsh border, and on the River Severn, approximately 32 miles (51 km) north-east of Bristol, and 45 miles (72 km) south-southwest of Birmingham.
Gloucester was founded in AD 97 by the Romans under Emperor Nerva as Colonia Glevum Nervensis, and was granted its first charter in 1155 by King Henry II. Economically, the city is dominated by the service industries, and has a strong financial and business sector, being home to the bank Cheltenham & Gloucester and historically was prominent in the aerospace industry.
The existence of a British settlement at Gloucester (Caer Glow, Gleawecastre, Gleucestre) is not confirmed by any direct evidence, but Gloucester was the Roman municipality of Colonia Nervia Glevensium, or Glevum, founded in the reign of Nerva. Parts of the walls can be traced, and many remains and coins have been found, though inscriptions are scarce. Evidence for some civic life after the end of Roman Britain includes the mention in the Historia Brittonum that Vortigern's grandfather ruled Gloucester. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Gloucester was part of Wessex from the Battle of Deorham in 577 until 584, when it came under the control of Mercia.
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Goole
Coordinates: 53°41′57″N 0°52′09″W / 53.699217°N 0.869171°W / 53.699217; -0.869171
Goole is a town, civil parish and port located approximately 45 miles (72 km) inland on the confluence of the rivers Don and Ouse in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The port is "highly versatile", and is capable of handling nearly 3 million tonnes of cargo per annum, making it one of the most important ports on the east coast of England.
Goole is twinned with Złotów, Poland, (and was twinned with Rostock, East Germany in 1969 although this seems to have lapsed). Goole was informally twinned with Gibraltar in the 1960s; at that time, Gibraltar Court was named in Goole and Goole Court was named in Gibraltar.
The Dutch civil engineer Cornelius Vermuyden diverted the River Don northwards to the River Ouse in 1626-1629 to drain the marshland of Hatfield Chase at the behest of King Charles I. This also made the lower Don navigable for small barges so that coal from the South Yorkshire Coalfields could be transported to "Goole" at the new mouth of the Don (or "Dutch River") for transfer to seagoing vessels.
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Gosport
Gosport /ˈɡɒspɔrt/ is a town, district and borough situated on the south coast of England, within the county of Hampshire. It has approximately 80,000 permanent residents with a further 5,000–10,000 during the summer months. It is part of the South Hampshire conurbation and lies on a peninsula on the western side of Portsmouth Harbour opposite the City of Portsmouth, to which it is linked by a pedestrian ferry.
Up until the last quarter of the 20th century, Gosport was a major naval and military town associated with the defence and supply infrastructure of Her Majesty's Naval Base (HMNB) Portsmouth. As a result of a decline in these activities, many of its fortifications and installations, such as Fort Brockhurst, have been opened to the public as tourism and heritage sites, with extensive redevelopment of the harbour area as a marina.
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Gravesham
Gravesham ( /ˈɡreɪvʃəm/ GRAYV-shəm) is a local government district and borough in North West Kent, England. It has borders with Thurrock across the River Thames to the north; the former city of Rochester and Medway to the east; the borough of Tonbridge and Malling (to the south); and the boroughs of Sevenoaks and Dartford to the west.
Its council is based at the Town Hall in Gravesend, and the borough shares similar borders with the Gravesham constituency. As well as the parishes listed below, the area of the former urban district of Northfleet was also included in the borough when it was formed in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. It is the successor to the Gravesend Municipal Borough, Northfleet Urban District, and part of Strood Rural District. Gravesham is twinned with Cambrai.
Robert H Hiscock, Chairman of the Gravesend Historical Society, in the foreword to his book, 'A History of Gravesend' (Phillimore, 1976) wrote:
Gravesham Borough Council is elected every four years, with currently 44 councillors being elected at each election. From the first election in 1973 the council has alternated between Labour and Conservative control. Since 1995 Labour has controlled the council apart from 4 years between the 2007 and 2011 elections. As of the 2011 election the council is composed of the following councillors:-
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Guildford (borough)
Coordinates: 51°14′46″N 0°33′07″W / 51.246°N 0.552°W / 51.246; -0.552
The Borough of Guildford is a local government district with borough status in Surrey, England. It is named after Guildford where its council is based.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, as a merge of the municipal borough of Guildford, and Guildford Rural District.
The 5 May 2011 borough elections produced 34 Conservative seats, 12 Liberal Democrat seats and 2 Labour seats.
The central 'Guildford Town' area of the borough comprises the town centre and immediately surrounding areas, including: Bellfields, Boxgrove, Onslow Village, Park Barn, Stoughton, Westborough, and the (former) villages of Burpham, and Merrow.
Apart from the town of Guildford, the rest of the borough is divided into civil parishes:
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Hamilton, Bermuda
Hamilton is the capital of the British Overseas Territory of Bermuda. It is the territory's financial centre and a major port and tourist destination. It's also one of the smallest capital cities by population.
The history of Hamilton began in 1790 when the Bermuda Government set aside 145 acres (59 ha) for its future seat, and was officially incorporated in 1793 by an Act of Parliament. The Colony's capital relocated to Hamilton from St. George's in 1815. The City lay at the political and military heart of Bermuda over the last two centuries. In addition to the parliament within it, Government House sits to its north, the former Admiralty House of the Royal Navy to its west (both in Pembroke), and the British Army garrison headquarters at Prospect Camp to its East.
The Town of Hamilton became a City in 1897, ahead of the consecration of the Cathedral of the Most Holy Trinity (Church Of England), which was under construction at the time, in 1911. A Catholic cathedral was later constructed. Today, the city overlooking Hamilton Harbour is primarily a business district, with few structures other than office buildings and shops. The City of Hamilton has long maintained a building limit, which states that no buildings may obscure the Cathedral, but in recent months buildings have been planned and areas have started construction on buildings as high as 10 storeys in the city. Bermuda's local newspaper The Royal Gazette reports "If you don't recognise the city, from 15 years ago, we don't blame you as it has changed so much".
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Hampton, Virginia
Hampton is an independent city that is not part of any county in Southeast Virginia. Its population is 137,436. As one of the seven major cities that compose the Hampton Roads metropolitan area, it is on the southeastern end of the Virginia Peninsula. Located on the Hampton Roads Beltway, it hosts the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel (HRBT) on Interstate 64. First opened in 1957, it was the world's first bridge-tunnel, crossing the mouth of the James River, which serves as the gateway to the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean from the eastern United States' largest ice-free harbor and its tributary rivers. Expanded in the 1970s, the HRBT remains Virginia's busiest and deepest such facility.
Hampton traces its history to 1610. The city's Old Point Comfort, home of Fort Monroe for almost 400 years, was named by the voyagers of 1607 led by Captain Christopher Newport on the mission which first established Jamestown as a British colony. Since 1952, Hampton has included the former Elizabeth City County and the incorporated town of Phoebus, consolidating by mutual agreement. After the end of the American Civil War, historic Hampton University was established here, providing an education for many of the newly freed former slaves. In the 20th century, the area became the location of Langley Air Force Base, NASA Langley Research Center, and the Virginia Air and Space Center. Hampton features many miles of waterfront and beaches.
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Hams Hall
Hams Hall is a place near Lea Marston in North Warwickshire, England, named after the former Hams Hall manor house. A Power station at Hams Hall were constructed and operated in the late 1920s, with a further two power stations began generating electricity in the 1940s and 1950s. By 1993 all three power stations had been closed and demolished and a industrial estate Hams Hall Distribution Park was built. An intermodal rail terminal Hams Hall Rail Freight Terminal also operates at the site.
The Hams Hall Estate and what is modern day Saltley was owned by the Adderley family for over 262 years. The name of the estate was derived from the fact that the land lay in a great hook (ham) of the River Tame.
As Birmingham and the Black Country developed, the estate faced two problems: loss of land to the west, and lack of water from the river due to industrial pollution. Thus after Robert Rawlinson's report on the condition of Birmingham in 1848 suggesting the need for public park, Charles Adderley, 1st Baron Norton donated 8 acres (0.032 km2) of land to create Adderley Park, which he managed privately from 1855 to 1864. He also donated land for the construction of St. Saviour's Church, St. Peter's College and the reformatory on the Fordrough, later called Norton Boys' Home. In 1879 Lord Norton sold Whitacre Lodge to the city for the construction of the 80 acres (0.32 km2) Shustoke Reservoir, the largest single source of water for Birmingham until the Elan/Claerwen scheme was completed.
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Hart (district)
Hart is a local government district in Hampshire, England, named after the River Hart. Its council is based in Fleet. It was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, as a merger of the urban district of Fleet, and the Hartley Wintney Rural District.
Hart District is one of the richest and least deprived areas in the whole of the United Kingdom and richest in England. In the Indices of Deprivation 2004, Hart was ranked at 354 out of 354 local authorities in England, where 1 was the most deprived area and 354 the least deprived, meaning Hart is the least deprived area in England. Hart District's population also has one of the highest rates of life expectancy in the UK.
A 2008 census revealed Hart to be the area of England with the best quality of life. It also showed Hart to be the second richest area in England, after Richmond-upon-Thames.
In December 2006, Sport England published a survey which revealed that residents of Hart were the 5th most active in England in sports and other fitness activities. 27.9% of the population participate at least 3 times a week for 30 minutes.
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Hastings
Coordinates: 50°51′N 0°34′E / 50.85°N 0.57°E / 50.85; 0.57
Hastings is a town and borough in the county of East Sussex on the south coast of England. The town is located 24 mi (39 km) east of the county town of Lewes and 53 mi (85 km) south east of London, and has an estimated population of 86,900.
In historical terms, Hastings can claim fame through its connection with the Norman conquest of England; and also because it became one of the medieval Cinque Ports. Hastings was, for centuries, an important fishing port; although nowadays much reduced, it still has the largest beach-based fishing fleet in England. The town became a watering place in the 1760s, and then, with the coming of the railway, a seaside resort.
The attraction of Hastings as a tourist destination continues; although the number of hotels has decreased, it caters for wider tastes, being home to internationally-based cultural and sporting events, such as chess and running. It has set out to become "a modern European town" and seeks to attract commercial business in the many industrial sites round the borough.
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Havant
Coordinates: 50°51′N 0°59′W / 50.85°N 0.98°W / 50.85; -0.98
Havant ( /ˈhævənt/) is a town in south east Hampshire on the South coast of England, between Portsmouth and Chichester. It gives its name to the borough (population: 116,489) comprising the town and the surrounding area. The town has rapidly grown since the end of the Second World War.
It has good railway connections to London, Portsmouth and Brighton, being served by Havant railway station. The A27 road runs past its southern side, beyond which lies Langstone, and then Hayling Island. To the north is Leigh Park, a large council estate suburb which lies within Havant's boundaries, and beyond that Staunton Country Park. To the east is Emsworth, another small town, whilst to the west lies Bedhampton and Portsdown Hill. The A3(M) motorway passes to the west. The old centre of the town was a settlement from before Roman times, but the town has grown a lot since World War II, currently forming a conurbation with Langstone, Bedhampton, Leigh Park, West Leigh, Denvilles and Warblington.
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Havant (borough)
The Borough of Havant is a local government district and borough in Hampshire, England. Its council is based in Havant. Other places within the Borough include Bedhampton, Cowplain, Emsworth, Hayling Island, Purbrook, Waterlooville and Widley. The Borough covers much of the semi-urban area in the south east of Hampshire, between the city of Portsmouth and the West Sussex border.
The Borough Council is currently Conservative controlled. Following the elections on 3 May 2007, of the 37 Councillors, 30 are Conservative, 4 Labour and 3 Liberal Democrat
The wards are:
Coordinates: 50°51′03″N 0°58′58″W / 50.85088°N 0.98284°W / 50.85088; -0.98284
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Hedge End
Coordinates: 50°54′49″N 1°18′15″W / 50.9135°N 1.3041°W / 50.9135; -1.3041
Hedge End is a town and civil parish located in Hampshire in England. It is situated to the east of the City of Southampton, adjoining the districts of West End and Botley. Hedge End lies within the Borough of Eastleigh and is part of the Southampton Urban Area.
It is sometimes mistakenly claimed that the Rose Bowl, home of Hampshire County Cricket Club is part of Hedge End. The Rose Bowl is situated nearby in West End benefitting from the road and rail links that serve the area and allowing Hedge End residents to benefit from its proximity.
The earliest history of the area now known as Hedge End is lost in the Dark Ages. There are few records. The Belgae tribe inhabited this area prior to the Roman conquest[citation needed]. The Roman Road that ran from Clausentum (Southampton) to Portus Adurni (Portchester Castle) and Noviomagus Reginorum (Chichester) is known to pass through the area. There is also a record that dates the crossing of the River Itchen at Mansbridge and the crossing of the River Hamble at Botley to AD932. The road that linked those two river crossings would have followed the approximate route of the modern Grange Road. There is therefore evidence of travellers passing through the Hedge End area prior to the Norman Conquest. From Mansbridge, it is only 4 miles (6.4 km) to the port of Southampton and 12 miles (19 km) to Winchester. At that time, Winchester was the capital of England. Formerly, it was the capital of Wessex. The route through the Hedge End area towards the town of Portchester would therefore have been an important one. Kings of England owned land here originally known as King's Forest, now King's Copse, which was used for hunting.
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Hereford
Coordinates: 52°03′23″N 2°42′58″W / 52.0565°N 2.7160°W / 52.0565; -2.7160
Herefordi/ˈhɛrɨfərd/ is a cathedral city, civil parish and county town of Herefordshire, England. It lies on the River Wye, approximately 16 miles (26 km) east of the border with Wales, 24 miles (39 km) southwest of Worcester, and 23 miles (37 km) northwest of Gloucester. With a population of 55,800 people, it is the largest settlement in the county.
The name "Hereford" is said to come from the Anglo Saxon "here", an army or formation of soldiers, and the "ford", a place for crossing a river. If this is the origin it suggests that Hereford was a place where a body of armed men forded or crossed the Wye. The Welsh name for Hereford is Henffordd, meaning "old road", and probably refers to the Roman Road and Roman settlement at nearby Stretton Sugwas.
An early town charter from 1189 granted by Richard I of England describes it as "Hereford in Wales". Hereford has been recognised as a city since time immemorial, with the status being reconfirmed as recently as October 2000.
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Herefordshire
Herefordshire ( /ˈhɛrɨfərdʃər/; abbreviated Herefs.) is a historic and ceremonial county in the West Midlands region of England. For Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG11) and is one of three counties that comprise the "Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire" NUTS 2 region. It also forms a unitary district known as the County of Herefordshire. It borders the English ceremonial counties of Shropshire to the north, Worcestershire to the east, Gloucestershire to the south-east, and the Welsh preserved counties of Gwent to the south-west and Powys to the west. Hereford is a cathedral city and is the county town; with a population of approximately 55,800 inhabitants it is also the largest settlement.
The county is one of the most rural and sparsely populated in England, with a population density of 82/km² (212/sq mi). The land use is predominantly agricultural and the county is well known for its fruit and cider production, and the Hereford cattle breed.
From 1974 to 1998, Herefordshire was part of the former non-metropolitan county of Hereford and Worcester.
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HMS Grace Dieu
Grace Dieu was launched in 1418 as the flagship of Henry V of England and was one of the largest ships of her time. She sailed on only one voyage, and spent most of her life laid up in the River Hamble, where in 1439 she was struck by a bolt of lightning and burnt.
She was built to a three-layeredclinker-built design by William Soper, a burgess of Southampton and Clerk of the King's Ships. A dock was specially built for her construction near Town Quay in Southampton.
Ordered in 1416 to fight Genoan carracks,Grace Dieu was completed in 1418 and was one of the largest wooden ships of its time, measuring 66.4 metres (218 ft) in length. Estimates of her weight range between 1,400 tons and 2,750 tons. Two other ships, Valentine and Falcon were built to escort her.
Grace Dieu and her escorts appear to have only set sail once, in 1420, under the command of the Earl of Devon. The expedition suffered a mutiny soon after leaving Southampton and diverted to St. Helens on the Isle of Wight.
Subsequently, Grace Dieu was laid-up in the River Hamble. Already dismasted and stripped of equipment, she was burnt to the waterline after being set ablaze by a bolt of lightning in 1439.
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Horsham (district)
Horsham is a local government district in West Sussex, England. Its council is based in Horsham. The district borders those of Crawley, Mid Sussex, Mole Valley, Chichester, Arun and Adur.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, by the merger of Horsham urban district along with Chanctonbury Rural District and Horsham Rural District.
On a recent Channel 4 television programme, the Horsham district was classed as the ninth best district to live in the United Kingdom.
Within the Horsham District are the following civil parishes:
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Hythe, Hampshire
Coordinates: 50°52′09″N 1°23′56″W / 50.8691°N 1.3988°W / 50.8691; -1.3988
Hythe is a village near Southampton, Hampshire, England. It is located by the shore of Southampton Water, and has a ferry service connecting it to Southampton. Hythe has a small shopping area, a pier, and a marina for yachts.
Hythe has a small shopping area clustered around its High Street, which includes a supermarket, a public library, several charity shops, and a number of small independent shops. The pier railway and ferry service across Southampton Water to Southampton operates at half-hourly intervals throughout the day, and is the oldest working pier train in the world.
Hythe's position makes it a good vantage point for viewing liners arriving and departing at the port of Southampton, which attracts many ship-watchers to the area. Hythe also has a marina of relatively recent foundation, at which a large number of yachts and boats are moored. A number of large and expensive houses are situated around the marina, overlooking the waterside.
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Invasion of Europe
The Invasion of Normandy was the invasion and establishment of Allied forces in Normandy, France, during Operation Overlord in 1944 during World War II. It was the largest amphibious operation ever to take place.
Allied land forces that saw combat in Normandy on 6 June came from Canada, the Free French Forces, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In the weeks following the invasion, Polish forces also participated, as well as contingents from Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Greece, and the Netherlands. Most of the above countries also provided air and naval support, as did the Royal Australian Air Force, the Royal New Zealand Air Force, and the Royal Norwegian Navy.
The Normandy invasion began with overnight parachute and glider landings, massive air attacks and naval bombardments. In the early morning, amphibious landings on five beaches codenamed Juno, Gold, Omaha, Utah, and Sword began and during the evening the remaining elements of the parachute divisions landed. The "D-Day" forces deployed from bases along the south coast of England, the most important of these being Portsmouth.
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Inverness
Coordinates: 57°28′18″N 4°13′31″W / 57.4717°N 4.2254°W / 57.4717; -4.2254
Inverness (from the Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Nis pronounced [iɲɪɾʲˈniʃ], meaning "Mouth of the River Ness" listen (help·info)) is a city in the Scottish Highlands. It is the administrative centre for the Highland council area, and is regarded as the capital of the Highlands of Scotland. Inverness lies near two important battle sites: the 11th century battle of Blàr nam Fèinne against Norway which took place on The Aird and the 18th century Battle of Culloden which took place on Culloden Moor. It is the northernmost city in the United Kingdom and lies within the Great Glen (Gleann Mòr) at its north-eastern extremity where the River Ness enters the Moray Firth. At the latest, a settlement was established by the 6th century with the first royal charter being granted by Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim (King David I) in the 12th century. The Gaelic king, Mac Bethad mac Findláich (MacBeth) nicknamed An Rígh Dearg (The Red King) held a castle within the city where he ruled as Mormaer of Moray and Ross.
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Isle of Wight
The Isle of Wight is a county and the largest island of England, located in the English Channel, on average about 2–5 miles (3–7 km) off the south coast of the county of Hampshire, separated from the mainland by a strait called the Solent. The Island has many resorts which have been holiday destinations since Victorian times.
The Island has a rich history, including a brief status as an independent kingdom in the 15th century. Until 1995, like Jersey and Guernsey, the Island had its own Governor—most notably Lord Mountbatten from 1969 to 1974, after which he became Lord Lieutenant until his assassination in 1979.
It was home to the poets Swinburne and Alfred Lord Tennyson, and to Queen Victoria, who built her much-loved summer residence and final home Osborne House at East Cowes. The Island's maritime and industrial history encompasses boat building, sail making, the manufacture of flying boats, the world's first hovercraft and the testing and development of Britain's space rockets. It is home to the Isle of Wight International Jazz Festival, Bestival and the recently revived Isle of Wight Festival, which, in 1970, was the largest rock music event ever held. The Island has some exceptional wildlife and is one of the richest locations of dinosaur fossils in Europe.
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Itchen Bridge
The Itchen Bridge is a bridge over the River Itchen in Southampton, Hampshire. It is a high-level hollow box girder bridge. It is located approximately 1 km from the river mouth. The bridge spans 800 metres (870 yd), is 28 metres (92 ft) at its highest point and weighs 62,000 tons.[citation needed] It was officially opened on 13 July 1977. At the Woolston end of the bridge is a toll booth which is operational every day of the week. Southampton City Council levy a variable toll, which depends on vehicle type. The toll was originally charged in order to help pay the £12.174 million it cost to build. The toll succeeded in this some years ago, but the toll remains to control the traffic in the areas surrounding the bridge.The bridge was opened by HRH Princess Alexandra, The Hon Mrs Angus Ogilvy on 13 July 1977, although it had been open to public foot traffic since 31 May 1977 when Mrs Edith Parks became the first person to cross it. On 21 December 2010, it was announced that an automatic toll system would replace the staffed booth, which will save council taxpayers in excess of £200,000 per annum.
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Itchen College
Coordinates: 50°54′31.18″N 1°21′27.77″W / 50.9086611°N 1.3577139°W / 50.9086611; -1.3577139
Itchen College is a community sixth-form college on the eastern side of Southampton.
Full-time students study a wide range of courses at all levels including A Levels, BTEC, NVQs and GCSEs. In 2007, students achieved a 100% pass rate in 23 subjects at level 3. In 2003, a new initiative at level two, "Learn and Earn", attracted national interest. Furthermore, the Itchen College Academy of Sport attracts over 100 students to improve their skills.
Itchen College has been the fastest growing college in the South East for three years and was recently cited for its success and high quality management. In addition, the college successfully gained 'Excellence in Ofsted Inspection' in the 2005 Ofsted National Report. Over the past 2 years Itchen College has received 5 Good Schools Guide Awards, the most for any college in the south of Hampshire.
Students are mainly from areas of Southampton, east of the River Itchen and its hinterland. A significant number are international students. The ethnic student proportion is 7.8% which is more than would be expected for the college location.
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Kalisz
Kalisz [ˈkalʲiʂ] (
listen) is a city in central Poland with 106,857 inhabitants (June 2010), the capital city of the Kalisz Region. Situated on the Prosna river in the southeastern part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship, the city forms a conurbation with the nearby towns of Ostrów Wielkopolski and Nowe Skalmierzyce. See Kalisz County for the regional administrative area (powiat).
Kalisz is an important regional industrial and commercial centre[citation needed], with many notable factories[which?]. The city is also a centre for traditional folk art. The town was also the site of the former 'Calisia' piano factory, until it went out of business in 2007.
The name itself stems from the Celtic term cal which means stream, or Slavic term kal, meaning swamp or marsh.
Kalisz has long been considered the oldest city of Poland because it was mentioned by Ptolemy in the 2nd century A.D., but the claim is now doubted by some (cf. Calisia). The location mentioned by Ptolemy was situated in the territory of the Diduni in Magna Germania on the Amber Trail. There are many artefacts of the Roman times in the area, pointing out that it could have been one of the stops of the Roman caravans heading for the Baltic Sea.
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Kent
Kent /ˈkɛnt/ is a county in South East England, and one of the home counties. It borders East Sussex, Surrey and Greater London and has a defined boundary with Essex in the middle of the Thames Estuary. The ceremonial county boundaries of Kent include the shire county of Kent and the unitary borough of Medway. Kent has a nominal border with France halfway through the Channel Tunnel. Maidstone is its county town and historically Rochester and Canterbury have been accorded city status, though only the latter still holds it.
Kent's location between London and the continental Europe has led to its being in the front line of several conflicts, including the Battle of Britain during World War II. East Kent was known as Hell Fire Corner during the conflict. England has relied on the county's ports to provide warships through much of the past 800 years; the Cinque Ports in the 12th–14th centuries and Chatham Dockyard in the 16th–20th centuries were of particular importance to the country's security. France can be seen clearly in fine weather from Folkestone, and the iconic White Cliffs of Dover.
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King's Lynn
Coordinates: 52°45′15″N 0°23′51″E / 52.7543°N 0.3976°E / 52.7543; 0.3976
King's Lynn /ˌkɪŋz ˈlɪn/ is a sea port and market town in the ceremonial county of Norfolk in the East of England. It is situated 97 miles (156 km) north of London and 44 miles (71 km) west of Norwich. The population of the town is 42,800.
The town has two theatres, museums and other cultural and sporting venues. There are three secondary schools and one college. The service sector, information and communication technologies and creative industries, provide limited employment for the population of King's Lynn and the surrounding area.
The etymology of King's Lynn is uncertain. The name Lynn is said to be derived from the body of water near the town (the Great Ouse river as it prepares to enter the Wash): the Celtic word Llyn, means a lake; but the name is plausibly of Anglo-Saxon origin, from the word Lean, implying a tenure in fee or farm.
For a time it was named Len Episcopi (Bishop's Lynn) while under the jurisdiction, both temporal and spiritual, of the Bishop of Norwich; but during the reign of Henry VIII of England it was surrendered to the crown, and it then assumed the name of Lenne Regis, or King's Lynn.
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Kingston upon Hull
Kingston upon Hull (i/ˌkɪŋstən əpɒn ˈhʌl/ KING-stən ə-pon HUL), usually referred to as Hull, is a city and unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It stands on the River Hull at its junction with the Humber estuary, 25 miles (40 km) inland from the North Sea. Hull has a resident population of 263,900 (2010 est.). The Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) population stands at 573,300.
Renamed Kings town upon Hull by King Edward I in 1299, the town and city of Hull has served as market town, military supply port, a trading hub, fishing and whaling centre, and industrial metropolis.
Hull was an early theatre of battle in the English Civil Wars. Its 18th-century Member of Parliament, William Wilberforce, played a key role in the abolition of the slave trade in Britain.
The city is unique in the UK in having had a municipally-owned telephone system from 1902, sporting cream, not red, telephone boxes.
After suffering heavy damage during the Second World War, Hull weathered a period of post-industrial decline, during which the city gained unfavourable results on measures of social deprivation, education and policing. In recent years the city has embarked on an extensive programme of economic regeneration, reconstruction and urban renewal. The economic crisis since 2008 has caused some setbacks to these developments.
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Lee-on-the-Solent
Coordinates: 50°48′07″N 1°12′08″W / 50.802°N 1.20233°W / 50.802; -1.20233
Lee-on-the-Solent, often referred to as Lee-on-Solent, is a small seaside town in Hampshire, England about five miles (8 km) west of Portsmouth. The town is located on the coast of the Solent and forms part of the borough of Gosport. It is primarily a sleepy residential area, with an upsurge of mostly local visitors in summer, but is well known as home to the Royal Naval Air Station HMS Daedalus (renamed as HMS Ariel from 1959 to 1965).
The village gained its name in the 19th century, during attempts to develop the area in to a seaside resort. The area had been referenced long before this, referred to as Lee and numerous variations, including Lebritan. Early impetus for the town's development came from Charles Edmund Newton Robinson, who persuaded his father, John Charles Robinson, art curator and collector, to fund the buying of land. Over the period 1884 to 1894 the town was established with the setting out of Marine Parade, a pier, railway connection along with a number of impressive red brick villas. The railway service was discontinued in the 1930s and the pier, unrepaired after breaching in aid of coastal defence in World War II, was demolished in 1958.
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Leeds
Coordinates: 53°47′59″N 1°32′57″W / 53.79972°N 1.54917°W / 53.79972; -1.54917 Leeds (i/ˈliːdz/) is a city and metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire, England. In 2001 Leeds' main urban subdivision had a population of 443,247, while the entire city has a population of 798,800 (2011 est.), making it the 24th-most populous city in the European Union
Leeds is the cultural, financial and commercial heart of the West Yorkshire Urban Area, which at the 2001 census had a population of 1.5 million, and the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan Area, of which Leeds is the integral part, had a population of around 2.3 million, making it the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom. In addition, the Leeds city region, an economic area with Leeds at its core, had a population of 2.9 million. Leeds is the UK's largest centre for business, legal, and financial services outside London, and its office market is the best in Europe for value. Leeds is considered a Gamma World City, alongside cities such as Phoenix, St. Petersburg and Valencia.
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Leicester
Coordinates: 52°38′03″N 1°08′19″W / 52.63422°N 1.13852°W / 52.63422; -1.13852
Leicester (/lɛstər/ LESS-tər pronunciation (help·info)) is a city and unitary authority in the East Midlands of England, and the county town of Leicestershire. The city lies on the River Soar and at the edge of the National Forest. In 2010, the population of the Leicester unitary authority was estimated at 306,600, the second highest in the region, whilst 441,213 people lived in the wider Leicester Urban Area in 2006, making Leicester the tenth most populous settlement in the United Kingdom and the UK's fourteenth largest urban area. It is the largest city in the East Midlands yet has the second largest urban area in the region behind Nottingham Urban Area. Eurostat's Larger Urban Zone listed the population of the area at 772,400 people as of 2004.
Ancient Roman pavements and baths remain in Leicester from its early settlement as Ratae Corieltauvorum, a Roman military outpost in a region inhabited by the Celtic Corieltauvi tribe. Following the demise of Roman society the early medieval Ratae Corieltauvorum is shrouded in obscurity, but when the settlement was captured by the Danes it became one of five fortified towns important to the Danelaw. The name "Leicester" is thought to derive from the words castra of the "Ligore", meaning camp of the dwellers on the (river) Legro. Leicester appears in the Domesday Book as "Ledecestre". Leicester continued to grow throughout the Early Modern period as a market town, although it was the Industrial Revolution that facilitated a process of rapid unplanned urbanisation in the area.
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Lewes (district)
Lewes is a local government district in East Sussex in southern England covering an area of 113 sq mi (290 km2), with 9 miles (14.5 km) of coastline. It is named after its administrative centre, Lewes. Other towns in the district include Newhaven, Peacehaven, and Seaford. Plumpton racecourse is within the district. There are 28 parishes in the district.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972, and was a merger of the former borough of Lewes along with Newhaven and Seaford urban districts and Chailey Rural District.
The district consists of 21 wards which are represented by 41 councillors. Following the local elections in May 2011, the political makeup of the district is 22 Conservative members, 18 Liberal Democrats and one Independent member. Prior to the 2011 election, the council had been in the control of the Liberal Democrats since 1991.
The district wards are:
The civil parishes within the district are:
‡ St John Without, St Ann Without, Tarring Neville and Southease are separate Parish Meetings but have been merged with their neighbouring parishes for the population statistics.
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Lincoln, England
Lincoln ( /ˈlɪŋkən/) is a cathedral city and county town of Lincolnshire, England.
The non-metropolitan district of Lincoln has a population of 85,595; the 2001 census gave the entire urban area of Lincoln (which includes North Hykeham, Waddington and Birchwood) a population of 104,221.
The earliest origins of Lincoln can be traced to the remains of an Iron Age settlement of round wooden dwellings (which were discovered by archaeologists in 1972) that have been dated to the 1st century BC[citation needed] This settlement was built by a deep pool (the modern Brayford Pool) in the River Witham at the foot of a large hill (on which the Normans later built Lincoln Cathedral and Lincoln Castle) .
The origins of the name Lincoln may come from this period, when the settlement is thought to have been named in the Brythonic language of Iron Age Britain's Celtic inhabitants as Lindon "The Pool", presumably referring to the Brayford Pool (compare the etymology of the name Dublin, from the Gaelic "dubh linn" ("black pool")). It is not possible to know how big this original settlement was as its remains are now buried deep beneath the later Roman and medieval ruins, as well as the modern Lincoln.
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Lisburn
Coordinates: 54°30′43″N 6°01′52″W / 54.512°N 6.031°W / 54.512; -6.031
Lisburn (Irish: Lios na gCearrbhach) is a city in Northern Ireland. It is situated southwest of Belfast on the River Lagan which forms the boundary between County Antrim and County Down. Lisburn forms part of the Belfast metropolitan area. It had a population of 71,465 people in the 2001 Census and a population density of 243 per km². The wider council area has a growing population of 114,000, making it the second largest council district, after Belfast.
Formerly a borough, Lisburn was granted city status in 2002 as part of Queen Elizabeth II's Golden Jubilee celebrations. It is the third-largest city in Northern Ireland and the sixth-largest on the island of Ireland, though the proposed changes to the status of Tallaght would render it seventh.
The town was originally known as Lisnagarvy (also spelt Lisnagarvey, Lisnegarvey, Lisnegarvy, Lisnegarvagh or Lisnagarvagh) after the townland in which it formed. This is derived from Irish: Lios na gCearrbhach meaning "ringfort of the gamesters/gamblers".
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Liverpool
Liverpool ( /ˈlɪvəpuːl/) is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Liverpool was 445,200 and was part of a larger urban area of 816,216.
Historically a part of Lancashire, the urbanisation and expansion of Liverpool were both largely brought about by the city's status as a major port. By the 18th century, trade from the West Indies, Ireland and mainland Europe coupled with close links with the Atlantic Slave Trade furthered the economic expansion of Liverpool. By the early 19th century, 40% of the world's trade passed through Liverpool's docks, contributing to Liverpool's rise as a major city.
Inhabitants of Liverpool are referred to as Liverpudlians but are also colloquially known as "Scousers", in reference to the local dish known as "scouse", a form of stew. The word "Scouse" has also become synonymous with the Liverpool accent and dialect. Liverpool's status as a port city has contributed to its diverse population, which, historically, were drawn from a wide range of peoples, cultures, and religions, particularly those from Ireland. The city is also home to the oldest Black African community in the country and the oldest Chinese community in Europe.
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London
Londoni/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City and has the fifth-largest city GDP in the world (and the largest in Europe). London has been described as a world cultural capital. It was the world's most visited city during 2011 and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.
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Lordshill
Coordinates: 50°56′56″N 1°27′00″W / 50.9489°N 1.4500°W / 50.9489; -1.4500
Lordshill is a district in Southampton, England. It is situated in the northern part of the city..
According to the Anglo-Saxon Charter of 956 Aldermoor, Lordswood, Lordshill and Coxford are all within the ancient boundary of the Manor of Millbrook and were farmland within the county of Hampshire, until the 20th Century when it was absorbed into Southampton.
Southampton, by 1954, continued to rapidly expand itself into Millbrook, Redbridge and Harefield, but still there was insufficient land available for more housing to satisfy its needs. Lordshill, with its 563 acres (2.28 km2) was bought in 1964 to cater for the growing demand, Hampshire planners gave approval for new homes to cater for the 2,000 people at this point in time.
Prior to 1964 when Hampshire County Council bought the land to make what Lordshill is today, it was little more than farmland and one dead-end road that dropped down to Old Rownhams Lane to Tanner's Brook, between the Bedwell Arms Public House and Aldermoor Road. This Lane was known to be steep with water frequently running down it from various springs, it got the nickname "Soapsuds Alley" because the washerwomen living there would normally throw their soapy water on to the road and the soapy water and the natural springs would mix causing a foaming torrent.
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Luton
Luton (i/ˈluːtən/ LOOT-ən, local /ˈluːʔən/) is a large town, borough and unitary authority of Bedfordshire, England, 30 miles (50 km) north of London. Luton and its near neighbours, Dunstable and Houghton Regis, form the Luton/Dunstable Urban Area with a population of about 250,000.
Luton is home to Blue Square Premier team Luton Town Football Club, whose history includes several spells in the top flight of the English league as well as a Football League Cup triumph in 1988. They play at Kenilworth Road stadium, which has been their home since 1905.
London Luton Airport, opened in 1938, is one of England's major airports. During the Second World War it doubled as an RAF base.
The University of Bedfordshire is based in the town.
The Luton Carnival, held on the late May bank holiday, is the largest one-day carnival in Europe.
The town was for many years famous for hat-making, and was also home to a large Vauxhall Motors factory; the head office of Vauxhall Motors is still situated in the town. Car production at the plant began in 1905 and continued until 2002, but commercial vehicle production remains.
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Lymington
Coordinates: 50°45′N 1°33′W / 50.75°N 1.55°W / 50.75; -1.55
Lymington is a port on the west bank of the Lymington River on the Solent, in the New Forest district of Hampshire, England. It is to the east of the South East Dorset conurbation, and faces Yarmouth on the Isle of Wight which is connected to it by a car ferry, operated by Wightlink. The town has a large tourist industry, based on proximity to the New Forest and the harbour. It is a major yachting centre with three marinas. According to the 2001 census the Lymington urban area had a population of about 14,000.
The earliest settlement in the Lymington area was around the Iron Age hill fort known today as Buckland Rings. The hill and ditches of this fort still remain, and an archaeological excavation of part of the Walls was carried out there in 1935. It has been dated to around the sixth century BC. There is also another supposed Iron Age site at nearby Ampress Hole. Evidence for later settlement (as opposed to occupation) however is sparse before Domesday. Lymington itself began as an Anglo-Saxon village. The Jutes arrived in what is now South West Hampshire from the Isle of Wight in the 6th century and founded a settlement called limentun. The Old English word tun means a farm or hamlet whilst limen is derived from the Ancient British word *lemanos meaning elm-tree.
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M27 motorway
The M27 is a motorway in Hampshire, England. It is 25 miles (40 km) long and runs west-east from Cadnam to Portsmouth. It was opened in stages between 1975 and 1983. It is unfinished, as an extension to the east was planned. A number of smaller motorways were proposed, connecting the city centres of Southampton and Portsmouth to the motorway; of these only the M271 and M275 were built.
Two sections of the M27 near Southampton and Portsmouth have been widened to four lanes each way.
Running approximately parallel both to the coast of the Solent and to the A27, the M27 starts as an eastwards continuation of the A31 from Bournemouth and Poole, meets the A36 from Salisbury, crosses the Wessex Main Line railway, and then meets the M271 to central Southampton. After the M271, the road becomes a dual four lane motorway and passes Rownhams services, it then meets the M3, becoming a dual three lane motorway as it passes to the north of Southampton, passes Southampton Airport, meeting Junction 7 and becoming dual four lanes again, then becoming dual three lanes after Junction 8, it then runs alongside the West Coastway Line as it heads south-east towards Fareham. It then runs alongside the northern outskirts of Fareham, briefly with a fourth climbing lane in either direction, before its junction with the M275 to Portsmouth. At this point the motorway ends, becoming the A27.
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M271 motorway
The M271 is a motorway near Southampton in Hampshire, England. It is 3 miles (4.8 km) long. Construction began in 1973 and it opened in 1975. It provides part of the route to Southampton Docks from the M27.
The motorway begins at Redbridge near Totton at a grade separated roundabout with the A35, heading north, briefly as a dual 3 lane motorway. At its first junction, it reduces to 2 lanes and continues east of Hillyfields. After a further 1 mile (1.6 km) it reaches a junction with the M27 at a signal controlled roundabout. North of the M27 it enters the countryside and terminates after a further 1 mile (1.6 km) of dual 2 lane road at another roundabout, this time with the A3057 near Upton.
The route has several features that are inconsistent with UK motorway standards, including a sharp bend at its southern terminus, and an at-grade roundabout at its junction with the M27. Hampshire County Council's LTTP to 2026 (Long Term Transport Plan) identifies the need for an 'M271 Spur' at the southern end to connect it to the A33 towards the docks in a free-flow interchange.
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Maidstone (borough)
The Borough of Maidstone is a local government district with borough status in Kent, England. Its administrative centre is Maidstone which is also the County town of Kent. grid reference TQ760560
The district was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, and was a merger of the former municipal borough of Maidstone with the rural districts of Hollingbourne and Maidstone.
The Borough covers an area generally to the east and south of the town of Maidstone: as far north as the M2 motorway; east down the M20 to Lenham; south to a line including Staplehurst and Headcorn; and west towards Tonbridge. Generally speaking, it lies between the North Downs and the Weald, and covers the central part of the county. The M20 motorway crosses it from west to east, as does High Speed 1.
Geologically, the Greensand ridge lies to the south of the town. The very fine sand provides a good source for glass-making. The clay vale beyond, through which flow the three rivers which meet at Yalding; the Medway, the Beult and the Teise; and the chalk North Downs all provide raw materials for paper- and cement-making; which are also local industries.
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Manchester
Coordinates: 53°28′N 2°14′W / 53.467°N 2.233°W / 53.467; -2.233
Manchesteri/ˈmæntʃɛstər/ is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England with an estimated population of 498,800 in 2010. Manchester lies within one of the United Kingdom's largest urban areas; the Greater Manchester Urban Area which has a population of 2.2 million. The demonym of Manchester is Mancunian and the local authority is Manchester City Council.
Manchester is situated in the south-central part of North West England, fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south and the Pennines to the north and east. The recorded history of Manchester began with the civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort of Mamucium, which was established in c. 79 AD on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell. Historically, most of the city was a part of Lancashire, although areas south of the River Mersey were in Cheshire. Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a manorial township, but it began to expand "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century. Manchester's unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution, and resulted in it becoming the world's first industrialised city. An early 19th-century factory building boom transformed Manchester from a township into a major mill town and borough that was granted city status in 1853. In 1894 the Manchester Ship Canal was built, creating the Port of Manchester.
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Mansbridge
Coordinates: 50°56′14″N 1°21′52″W / 50.9372°N 1.3645°W / 50.9372; -1.3645
Mansbridge is a suburb on the northern perimeter of Southampton, England. The area is named after the Mans Bridge which spans the River Itchen. For a considerable time, this was the southern-most crossing point of the river, before the construction of Woodmill in Swaythling. The bridge itself still stands and is a Grade II listed structure but is closed to road traffic (pedestrians and cyclists may still use it), having been replaced by a larger and more modern road bridge to carry the A27.
The suburb contains a mixture of housing. The first developments, on the north side of the A27, were designed by architect Herbert Collins, whose houses are a feature of several other Southampton districts. A larger estate was later constructed on the south side, along with Mansbridge Primary School, the logo of which is the bridge itself. The residential area of Mansbridge is bordered to the west by the London to Weymouth railway line and to the east by the river. Beyond the river, Mansbridge takes on a much more rural air, with woodland to the south and water meadows to the north.
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Marchwood
Coordinates: 50°53′24″N 1°27′14″W / 50.890°N 1.454°W / 50.890; -1.454
Marchwood is a village and civil parish located in Hampshire, United Kingdom. It lies between Totton and Hythe on the western shore of Southampton Water, next to the New Forest. The population of the village in the 2001 census was 5,586.
Marchwood has seen human activity since Roman times. The Roman road from the Calshot/Lepe area passed through here on its way to Nursling (Onna as it was called). Roman coins have been found at Bury Farm.
The name "Marchwood" is most probably from the Old English "merecewudu" meaning "smallage wood" ("smallage" is a term for wild celery). It is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as "Merceode", when the manor was held by Alwin, whose father Wulfgeat held the manor before 1066.
The manor of Marchwood eventually became known as Marchwood Romsey. John de Romsey held the vill of Marchwood in 1316. He was succeeded by Sir Walter Romsey of Rockbourne, who died in 1403–4 holding land in Marchwood. The manor then passed in the same way as the manor of Romsey Horseys until the death of Thomas Horsey in 1477.
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Maybush
Maybush is a district in Southampton, England. Located in the western side of the city, Maybush is probably most famous as the former location of the Ordnance Survey head office.
Coordinates: 50°55′52″N 1°27′00″W / 50.931°N 1.450°W / 50.931; -1.450
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Mid Sussex
Mid Sussex is a local government district in the English county of West Sussex. It contains the towns of East Grinstead, Haywards Heath and Burgess Hill.
The district was created on 1 April 1974, and replaced the urban districts of Cuckfield, Burgess Hill, and East Grinstead and nearly all of Cuckfield Rural. These districts had previously been under East Sussex.
The district borders the Tandridge district of Surrey to the north, Lewes district and Wealden district to the east, and Brighton and Hove to the south, all in East Sussex, and Horsham district and Crawley to the west and northwest respectively, both of which are in West Sussex.
Within the Mid Sussex District are the following civil parishes:
The parliamentary constituency of Mid Sussex covers most (but not all) of the district, and is held by the Conservative Party. The incumbent Member of Parliament (MP) is Nicholas Soames, the grandson of former Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill, and a former junior minister in the Government of John Major (1990–97). In the 2005 general election, Nicholas Soames held the seat with 48.0% of the popular vote, a 1.8% increase; the Liberal Democrat candidate Ms Serena Tierney took 36.1% of votes, a 5.0% increase; the Labour Party candidate Robert Fromant received 12.7% of the vote, a 6.1% decrease; and the United Kingdom Independence Party candidate Harold Piggott received 3.2%, a 0.7% increase. The turnout for Mid Sussex was 68.6% (49,494 people voted) up 3.7% from 2001.
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Midanbury
Coordinates: 50°55′34″N 1°21′53″W / 50.926°N 1.3646°W / 50.926; -1.3646
Midanbury is a small suburb of Southampton, England, bordering Bitterne, Bitterne Park and Townhill Park.
It is named after the country house "Midanbury Lodge" which was situated on the summit of a hill to the east of Southampton. The house no longer stands, and the land was used for intense house building. The only clue to the existence of the house is the name of the pub in the area, "The Castle", which was named after the crenellated gates of the house. The remains of the cellars could clearly be seen in the 50's at the north end of Midanbury Crescent before it was developed from the original two bungalows. An odd thing about the address for Midanbury Crescent was that it was in Bitterne Park and not Midanbury.
The boundaries of the suburb are not clearly defined, although the hub of Midanbury is the row of shops at the top of Witt's Hill, sometimes referred to as Midanbury Broadway, but more commonly called 'The Castle', in reference to The Castle pub situated at the end of the broadway.
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Middlesbrough
Middlesbrough (i/ˈmɪdəlzbrə/ MID-əlz-brə) is a large town situated on the south bank of the River Tees in north east England, that sits within the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire. The local authority, a unitary authority, is Middlesbrough Borough Council.
Historically part of the North Riding of Yorkshire, in 1968 the town became the centre of the County Borough of Teesside, which was absorbed by the non-metropolitan county of Cleveland in 1974. In 1996 Cleveland was abolished, and Middlesbrough became a unitary authority, within the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire.
It is locally regarded that the town exceeds the confines of the Middlesbrough Borough to include the areas of Eston, Grangetown, Normanby, Ormesby, and South Bank which are wards of the neighbouring unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland.[citation needed][by whom?]
To the northeast of Middlesbrough lies the Tees Estuary, approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) away. A few miles to the south lies the edge of the North York Moors National Park.
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Millbay
Coordinates: 50°22′05″N 4°08′53″W / 50.368°N 4.148°W / 50.368; -4.148 Millbay, also known as Millbay Docks, is an area of dockland in Plymouth, Devon, England. It lies south of Union Street, between West Hoe in the east and Stonehouse in the west.
Mill Bay was a natural inlet to the west of the Hoe. It was originally far more extensive than the current docks because it included the "Sourepool" which was a tidal salt-marsh that lay roughly along the line of today's Union Street. The Sourepool was separated from the bay by a narrow neck across which tidal mills were built, probably in the 12th century. These mills were operated by the Priors of Plympton who collected the income from grinding corn. By the mid 15th century, the mills were owned and let by the Corporation of Plymouth; the lease was sold to Francis Drake in 1573. In 1591-2 Drake built six new mills along Drake's Leat that had recently been completed. Around this time the old tidal mills closed and the Sourepool was drained ("made drie for a meadow") in 1592.
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Mole Valley
Mole Valley is a local government district in Surrey, England. Its council is based in Dorking.
The two towns in the district are Dorking and Leatherhead. The largest villages are Ashtead, Fetcham and Great Bookham, in the northern third of the district. The rest of the district includes some of the Surrey Hills AONB, the middle of the district is dominated by the North Downs, including Polesden Lacey, Box Hill, Denbies Wine Estate (the largest vineyard in the country ) and parts of the Pilgrims' Way, the southern third includes Leith Hill and the Greensand Ridge. There are stations on the London–Worthing and Reading–Gatwick Airport railways, and in the northern third, a commuter stopping service from London–Guildford additionally the A23 road and the M25 motorway.
Mole Valley District Council is elected by thirds: one-third of councillors are elected at each election, each serving four year terms, three years out of four having elections.
The council was however elected across all areas in 2000 after major boundary changes to the wards.
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Monaco
Monacoi/ˈmɒnəkoʊ/, officially the Principality of Monaco (French: Principauté de Monaco; Monégasque: Principatu de Múnegu; Italian: Principato di Monaco; Occitan: Principat de Mónegue), is a sovereign city state, located on the French Riviera in Western Europe. Bordered by France on three sides, with one side bordering the Mediterranean Sea, its center is about 16 km (9.9 mi) from Italy, and is only 15 km (9.3 mi) north east of Nice, France. It has an area of 1.98 km2 (0.76 sq mi), and a population of 35,986, making Monaco the second smallest and the most densely populated country in the world. Monaco has a land border of only 4.4 km (2.7 mi), a coastline of 4.1 km (2.5 mi), and a width that varies between 1.7 km (1.1 mi) and 349 metres (382 yards). The highest point in the country is a narrow pathway named Chemin des Révoires on the slopes of Mont Agel, in the Les Révoires district, which is 161 metres (528 feet) above sea level. Monaco's most populated Quartier is Monte Carlo, and the most populated Ward is Larvotto/Bas Moulins. After a recent expansion of Port Hercules, Monaco's total area is 2.05 km2 (0.79 sq mi), with new plans to extend the district of Fontvieille, with land reclaimed from the Mediterranean Sea.
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Mulberry harbour
A Mulberry harbour was a British type of temporary harbour developed in World War II to offload cargo on the beaches during the Allied invasion of Normandy.
Two prefabricated or artificial military harbours were taken across the English Channel from Britain with the invading army in sections and assembled off the coast of Normandy as part of the D-Day invasion of France in 1944.
The Dieppe Raid of 1942 had shown that the Allies could not rely on being able to penetrate the Atlantic Wall to capture a port on the north French coast. Thus, the Mulberries were created to provide the port facilities necessary to offload the thousands of men and vehicles, and tons of supplies necessary to sustain Operation Overlord and the Battle of Normandy. The harbours were made up of all the elements one would expect of any harbour: breakwater, piers, roadways etc.
The actual proposer of the idea of the Mulberry harbour is disputed, but among those who are known to have proposed something along these lines is Hugh Iorys Hughes, a Welsh civil engineer who submitted initial plans on the idea to the War Office, Professor J. D. Bernal, and Vice-Admiral John Hughes-Hallett.
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New Milton
Coordinates: 50°45′31″N 1°40′06″W / 50.75862°N 1.66820°W / 50.75862; -1.66820
New Milton is a market town in south west Hampshire, England. The town has a high street and holds a market every Wednesday. Situated on the edge of the New Forest, the town is about 6 miles (10 km) west of Lymington town centre and 12 miles (19 km) east of Bournemouth town centre.
New Milton dates back to Anglo-Saxon times, and encompasses Old Milton, Barton on Sea, Ashley, Bashley, and Wootton. It is recorded as having a population of approximately 23,000 in 2001.
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Newcastle upon Tyne
Coordinates: 54°58.440′N 1°36.792′W / 54.974°N 1.6132°W / 54.974; -1.6132
Newcastle upon Tyne (locallyi/njuːˈkæsəl/; often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in North East England. Historically a part of Northumberland, it is situated on the north bank of the River Tyne. The city developed in the area that was the location of the Roman settlement called Pons Aelius, though it owes its name to the castle built in 1080, by Robert II, Duke of Normandy, the eldest son of William the Conqueror. The city grew as an important centre for the wool trade and it later became a major coal mining area. The port developed in the 16th century and, along with the shipyards lower down the river, was amongst the world's largest shipbuilding and ship-repairing centres. These industries have since experienced severe decline and closure, and the city today is largely a business and cultural centre, with a particular reputation for nightlife.
Like most cities, Newcastle has a diverse cross section, from areas of poverty to areas of affluence. Among its main icons are Newcastle Brown Ale, a leading brand of beer, Newcastle United F.C., a Premier League team, and the Tyne Bridge. It has hosted the world's most popular half marathon, the Great North Run, since it began in 1981.
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Newport
Newport (Welsh: Casnewydd) is a city and unitary authority in south east Wales. It is located on the River Usk close to its confluence with the Severn estuary, about 12 miles (19 km) east of Cardiff. It is the third largest city in Wales, with a population of 141,300 (2007 estimate).
Newport has been a port since medieval times, when a castle was built by the Normans. The town outgrew the earlier Roman town of Caerleon, immediately upstream, and gained its first charter in 1314. It grew significantly in the 19th century, when its port became the focus of coal exports from the eastern valleys of South Wales. Until the rise of Cardiff from the 1850s, Newport was Wales' largest coal-exporting port. It was the site of the last large-scale armed insurrection in Britain, the Newport Rising of 1839 led by the Chartists.
During the 20th century, the docks declined in importance, but Newport remained an important manufacturing and engineering centre. It was granted city status in 2002. It is the home of the University of Wales, Newport, and the Newport Gwent Dragons rugby union regional team, and hosted the Ryder Cup in 2010.
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Newport Docks
Newport Docks is the collective name for a series of docks in the city of Newport, south-east Wales.
Newport was a small fishing port and market town until the coming of the industrial age at the beginning of the 19th century. The Monmouthshire & Brecon Canal, opened around 1800, was used to bring down coal from the coal mining operations and iron from ironworks in the South Wales valleys for shipment abroad and around the UK, and soon Newport's docks were doing more business than almost any other port in the United Kingdom. .
The Town Dock, which opened in 1842 and continued in use until it was filled in 1930, was the first floating dock facility in Newport. The construction of the dock played an important part in the town's growth in the mid-nineteenth century. A rapid expansion of trade caused by the development of the canal system in South East Wales had led to the need to improve the port's berthing facilities. Particularly for large American export vessels which risked damage when beached at the wharves for unloading. If the town was to continue to prosper and compete with the growing port of Cardiff a dock needed to be constructed.
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Newry
Coordinates: 54°10′34″N 6°20′56″W / 54.176°N 6.349°W / 54.176; -6.349
Newry (IPA: [ˈnjʊərɪ], from Irish: An Iúraigh) is a city in Northern Ireland. The River Clanrye, which runs through the city, forms the historic border between County Armagh and County Down. It is 34 miles (55 km) from Belfast and 67 miles (108 km) from Dublin. Newry (together with Bessbrook) had a population of 27,433 at the 2001 Census, while Newry and Mourne Council Area had a population of 87,058. Newry was founded in 1144 alongside a Cistercian monastery and is one of Northern Ireland's oldest towns.
The city of Newry is one of the constituent cities of the Dublin-Belfast corridor and sits at the entry to the "Gap of the North", close to the border with the Republic of Ireland. It grew as a market town and a garrison and became a port in 1742 when it was linked to Lough Neagh by the first summit-level canal in Britain or Ireland. In March 2002, as part of Queen Elizabeth's Golden Jubilee celebrations, Newry was granted city status alongside Lisburn. Despite being the fourth largest city in Northern Ireland, however, it is not the fourth largest settlement. Newry has long been an important centre of trade because of its position between Belfast and Dublin.
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North Somerset
North Somerset is a unitary authority in England. Its area covers part of the ceremonial county of Somerset but it is administered independently of the non-metropolitan county. Its administrative headquarters is in the town hall in Weston-super-Mare.
North Somerset borders the local government areas of Bristol, Bath and North East Somerset, Mendip and Sedgemoor. North Somerset contains the parliamentary constituencies of Weston-super-Mare and North Somerset.
Between 1 April 1974 and 31 March 1996, it was the Woodspring district of the county of Avon (named after Woodspring Priory, an isolated mediaeval church near the coast just north east of Weston-super-Mare). The district of Woodspring was formed from the municipal boroughs of Weston-super-Mare, Clevedon and Portishead urban districts, Long Ashton Rural District, and part of Axbridge Rural District.
Though the government proposed that the new unitary area be known as "North West Somerset" from 1 April 1996, the council voted instead to adopt the name "North Somerset" and so the name "North West Somerset" was never widely used. There remained some legal doubt as to whether the council had validly changed the name to "North Somerset", but in 2005 the council passed a resolution to put the matter beyond doubt.
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Northam, Southampton
Coordinates: 50°54′45″N 1°23′28″W / 50.9124°N 1.391°W / 50.9124; -1.391
Northam is a suburb of Southampton in Hampshire. On the West bank of the River Itchen, it shares borders with St Mary's, Hampshire, Bitterne and Bevois Valley. Beside the border with St Mary's, Hampshire is the Chapel area, which has been home to some recent apartment building developments in Northam [1] [2]. The A3024 road runs through the suburb and crosses the Northam Bridge, which links Northam with Bitterne via Bitterne Manor. Although St Mary's Stadium takes its name from the neighbouring St Mary's, the stadium itself is in Northam, and home to Southampton F.C.. Northam has one of the highest crime rate in the South East of England. Crime was at an all time high in October 2011 with over 940 crimes being recorded. The area consists of blocks of flats, situated round Milbank tower a 20 storey tower block. In 2010, 4 people were murdered in this area, and it is believed 40 died of Drug related causes.
Northam also was home to an extensive television studio complex, run by ITV franchises Meridian Broadcasting, TVS and Southern Television, before Meridian moved their operations to Whiteley. The complex was demolished in 2009, leaving just a large, neat pile of rubble still extant throughout 2010. As well as the regional news magazine programme Meridian Tonight, the studios were originally home to the very first series of the popular game show, Catchphrase (before it moved to Maidstone Studios) and handled transmission of Meridian, Anglia and HTV West.
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Northampton
Northamptoni/nɔrˈθæmptən/ is a large market town and local government district in the East Midlands region of England. Situated about 67 miles (108 km) north-west of London and around 50 miles (80 km) south-east of Birmingham, Northampton lies on the River Nene and is the county town of Northamptonshire. The demonym of Northampton is Northamptonian.
Original settlements in Northampton date back to the 6th century. Its modern development is largely due to its rapid population increase since the 1960s after a planned expansion occurred under the New Towns Commission in the early 1970s. In 2001, its urban area population was 197,199 while its town population was 189,474, making Northampton the 27th largest settlement in England, and the UK's 3rd largest town without official city status after Reading and Dudley. Northampton is the most populous district in England that is not a unitary authority, a status it failed to obtain in the 1990s local government reform.
Northampton has a history of the manufacture of boots and shoes yet engineering has taken over as a modern key industry; other industries include food processing, brewing, and the manufacture of shoe machinery, cosmetics, leather goods, and car accessories. At present, the major employers are public administration, financial services, and the distribution trade.
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Northumberland
Northumberland ( /nɔrˈθʌmbərlənd/; abbreviated Northumb. or Northd, the latter being preferred by the Royal Mail) is the northernmost ceremonial county and a unitary district in North East England. It borders Cumbria to the west, County Durham to the south and Tyne and Wear to the south east and the Scottish Borders council area to the north. Its North Sea coastline is a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty with a 64 mile (103 km) long distance path. Since 1981, the county council has been located in Morpeth, situated in the east of the county.
The historical boundaries of the county of Northumberland included Newcastle upon Tyne, the traditional county town, as well as Tynemouth and other settlements in North Tyneside, all areas transferred to Tyne and Wear in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. The historical county boundaries are sometimes taken to exclude Islandshire, Bedlingtonshire and Norhamshire (collectively North Durham), exclaves of County Durham which were incorporated into Northumberland in 1844. For Eurostat purposes Northumberland is a NUTS 3 region (code UKC21) and is one of three local authority areas that comprise the "Northumberland and Tyne and Wear" NUTS 2 region.
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Norwich
Norwich (i/ˈnɒrɪdʒ/ NORR-ij, (also /ˈnɒrɪtʃ/ NORR-ich) is a city on the River Wensum in England. It is the regional administrative centre and county town of Norfolk. During the 11th century, Norwich was the largest city in England after London, and one of the most important places in the kingdom. Until the Industrial Revolution, Norwich was the capital of England's most populous county and vied with Bristol as England's second city.
The urban area of Norwich has a population of 194,839. This area extends beyond the city boundary, with extensive suburban areas on the western, northern and eastern sides, including Costessey, Hellesdon, Bowthorpe, Old Catton, Sprowston and Thorpe St Andrew. The parliamentary seats cross over into adjacent local government districts. 135,800 (2008 est.) people live in the City of Norwich and the population of the Norwich Travel to Work Area (i.e. the area of Norwich in which most people both live and work) is 367,035 (the 1991 figure was 351,340)[citation needed]. Norwich is the fourth most densely populated local government district within the East of England with 3,480 people per square kilometre (8,993 per square mile).
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Nottingham
Nottingham (i/ˈnɒtɪŋəm/ NOT-ing-əm) is a city and unitary authority in the East Midlands of England in the ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire and is one of eight members of the English Core Cities Group.
Nottingham is famed for its links with the legend of Robin Hood and, during the Industrial Revolution, obtained worldwide recognition for its lace-making, bicycle and tobacco industries. With origins tracable back to 600 AD, Nottingham was granted its city charter as part of the Diamond Jubilee celebrations of Queen Victoria in 1897 and has since been officially titled the City of Nottingham. The city has historically been nicknamed The Queen of the Midlands, being the smaller yet less industrialised regional neighbour to the Midlands biggest city, Birmingham. Nottingham is considered the primary centre of England's East Midlands region, being home to numerous regional headquarters and media stations including the BBC East Midlands and the Regional Government Office.
Whilst Nottingham has always had a tightly-drawn authority boundary, accounting for its relatively small population of 306,700, Nottingham's Urban Area has a population of approximately 670,000; in the 2001 census, it was the eighth largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Eurostat's concept of the Larger Urban Zone listed the area's population at 825,600 as of 2004.
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Nursling
Coordinates: 50°56′42″N 1°28′22″W / 50.944945°N 1.4726897°W / 50.944945; -1.4726897
Nursling is a village in Hampshire, England, situated about 6 kilometres north-west of the city of Southampton. Formerly called Nhutscelle (in an 8th-century life of Saint Boniface), then Nutshalling until the mid-19th century, it has now been absorbed into the suburbs of Southampton, although it is not officially part of the city (remaining part of the Test Valley borough).
At Onna (Nursling) [1], the Romans erected a bridge (probably a wooden one as no trace of stone abutments remains) across the River Test, below which it widens into its estuary, and there are traces of the Roman road from Nursling to Stoney Cross. At Nhutscelle a Benedictine monastery was established in 686, the earliest Benedictine establishment in Wessex according to Bede. It became a major seat of learning, and at the end of the 7th century, Winfrith (subsequently Saint Boniface) studied here under the abbot Winberht, producing the first Latin grammar to be written in England. He left in 710 for Canterbury, returning briefly around 716 before going to Germany as a missionary. The Danes destroyed the monastery in 878 and it was never rebuilt; its exact site has not been reestablished, though the parish church is dedicated to St. Boniface.
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Ordnance Survey
Ordnance Survey (Welsh: Arolwg Ordnans), an executive agency and non-ministerial government department of the Government of the United Kingdom, is the national mapping agency for Great Britain, producing maps of Great Britain (and to an extent, the Isle of Man), and one of the world's largest producers of maps with a particular both historical and architectural form in the maps resulting from the conflict at both local and world level of the scales of maps known from the 19th Century as the 'Battle of the Scales'.
The name reflects its creation together with the original military purpose of the organisation (see ordnance and surveying) in the first instance in mapping Scotland at the time of the creation of the British United Kingdom following many centuries of conflict and confirmed later during the Napoleonic Wars when there was a threat of invasion from France, and its logo includes the War Department's broad arrow heraldic mark. Ordnance Survey mapping is usually classified as 'large scale' (i.e. showing more detail) or 'small scale'. Large-scale mapping comprises maps at six inches to the mile or more (1:10,560, superseded by 1:10,000 in the 1950s); it was available in sheet-map form till the 1980s, since when it has become digital. Small-scale mapping comprises maps at fewer than six inches to the mile and includes the "leisure maps", such as the popular one inch to the mile and its metric successors, still available in traditional sheet-map form. Ordnance Survey of Great Britain maps are in copyright for 50 years after publication date. Some of the Copyright Libraries hold complete or near-complete collections of pre-digital O.S. mapping.
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Oxford
Oxfordi/ˈɒksfəd/ is a city in central southern England, the home of the University of Oxford. The city is the county town of Oxfordshire, and forms a district within the county. It has a population of just under 165,000, of whom 153,900 live within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles (80 km) north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames (also sometimes known as the Isis locally) run through Oxford and meet south of the city centre.
Oxford has a diverse economic base. Its industries include motor manufacturing, education, publishing and a large number of information technology and science-based businesses.
Buildings in Oxford demonstrate an example of every English architectural period since the arrival of the Saxons, including the iconic, mid-18th century Radcliffe Camera. Oxford is known as the "city of dreaming spires", a term coined by poet Matthew Arnold in reference to the harmonious architecture of Oxford's university buildings. The University of Oxford is the oldest university in the English-speaking world.
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Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire ( /ˈɒksfərdʃər/ or /ˈɒksfərdʃɪər/; archaically the County of Oxford; abbreviated Oxon from the Latinised form of "Oxford", Oxonia) is a county in the South East region of England, bordering on Warwickshire and Northamptonshire (to the north/northeast), Buckinghamshire (to the east), Berkshire (to the south), Wiltshire (to the southwest) and Gloucestershire (to the west).
The county has major education and tourist industries. The area is noted for the concentration of performance motorsport companies and facilities. Oxford University Press is the largest firm among a concentration of print and publishing firms; the University of Oxford is also linked to the concentration of local biotechnology companies.
The main centre of population is the city of Oxford. Other significant settlements are Banbury, Bicester, Kidlington, and Chipping Norton to the north of Oxford; Witney to the west; Thame and Chinnor to the east; and Abingdon, Wantage, Didcot, Wallingford and Henley-on-Thames to the south. Future population growth in the county is hoped[clarification needed] to be concentrated around Oxford, Banbury, Bicester, Didcot and Witney, near the South Midlands growth area.
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Peartree (ward)
Coordinates: 50°54′25″N 1°22′23″W / 50.907°N 1.373°W / 50.907; -1.373 Peartree Ward is an Electoral Ward in the Unitary Authority of Southampton, England.
It covers the suburbs of Merry Oak, Peartree Green and Itchen, and is bordered (clockwise from south-west) by Bargate Ward, Bevois Ward, Bitterne Park Ward, Harefield Ward, Sholing Ward, and Woolston Ward.
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Peartree Green
Peartree Green is an open space on high ground on the East bank of the River Itchen in Hampshire which adjoins the districts of Woolston, Bitterne, Sholing and Merryoak within the city of Southampton.
It takes its name from the Pear Tree that once stood on the large green open space in this area. Some of that open space has since been urbanised, but a large proportion remains as a recreational area. It offers good views across the River Itchen to the ancient part of Southampton previously known as Hamwic in Saxon times. It is possible to see the spire of St Mary's Church, the St. Mary's Stadium and the Itchen Bridge.
Frances Mylles built Peartree House in the late 16th century, using stone from Bitterne Manor which had previously been used by the Romans at their settlement at Clausentum. Captain Richard Smith, former governor of Calshot Castle lived at Peartree House from approximately 1617.
A small church, known as Jesus Chapel was completed in 1618, built by Captain Richard Smith. It was dedicated in 1620 and was the first new church to be built in England after the English Reformation. Although it was not part of Southampton at that time, Jesus Chapel served the parish of St Marys Extra which was used as an overflow for the parish of St Marys in Southampton. Construction of Jesus Chapel saved parishioners from a rough crossing over the Itchen to Southampton or a long journey to the neighbouring churches at Hound, Botley or South Stoneham.
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Perth, Scotland
Coordinates: 56°23′49″N 3°26′14″W / 56.396911°N 3.437262°W / 56.396911; -3.437262
Perth (Scottish Gaelic: Peairt) is a city in central Scotland, located on the banks of the River Tay. It is the administrative centre of Perth and Kinross council area and the historic county town of Perthshire. According to a 2008 estimate, Perth has a population of 44,820. Perth has been known as The Fair City since the publication of the story Fair Maid of Perth by Scottish writer Sir Walter Scott in 1828. During the later medieval period the town was also called St John's Toun or Saint Johnstoun by its inhabitants in reference to the main church dedicated to St John the Baptist.
The name Perth comes from a Pictish word for wood or copse. There has been a settlement at Perth since prehistoric times, on a natural mound raised slightly above the flood plain of the Tay, where the river could be crossed at low tide. The area surrounding the modern city is known to have been occupied by Mesolithic hunter-gatherers since their arrival more than 8000 years ago. Nearby Neolithic standing stones and circles also exist, dating from about 4000 BC, following the introduction of farming in the area.
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Peterborough
Peterborough (
/ˈpiːtərbrə/ or 
i/ˈpiːtərbərə/) is a cathedral city and unitary authority area in the East of England, with an estimated population of 173,400 in June 2007. For ceremonial purposes it is in the county of Cambridgeshire. Situated 75 miles (121 km) north of London, the city stands on the River Nene which flows into the North Sea approximately 30 miles (48 km) to the north-east. The railway station is an important stop on the East Coast Main Line.
The local topography is flat and low-lying, and in some places lies below sea level. The area known as the Fens is to the east of Peterborough. The City of Peterborough includes the outlying military installation of RAF Wittering, and as a unitary authority it borders Northamptonshire and Rutland to the west, Lincolnshire to the north, and Cambridgeshire to the south and east.
Human settlement in the area dates back to before the Bronze Age, as can be seen at the Flag Fen archaeological site to the east of the current city centre. This site also shows evidence of Roman occupation. The Anglo-Saxon period saw the establishment of a monastery, then known as Medeshamstede, which later became Peterborough Cathedral. The population grew rapidly following the arrival of the railways in the 19th century, and Peterborough became an industrial centre, particularly noted for its brick manufacture.
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Petersfield
Coordinates: 51°00′14″N 0°56′04″W / 51.00377°N 0.93453°W / 51.00377; -0.93453
Petersfield is a market town and civil parish in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England. It is 17 miles (27 km) north of Portsmouth, on the A3 road. The town has its own railway station on the Portsmouth Direct Line, the mainline rail link connecting Portsmouth and London. The town is situated on the northern slopes of the South Downs. Petersfield lies wholly within the South Downs National Park. The town is on the crossroads of well-used north–south (today the A3 road) and east–west routes (today the A272 road) and it grew as a coach stop on the Portsmouth to London route. Petersfield is twinned with Barentin in France, and Warendorf in Germany.
The town was founded during the 12th century by William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester, later chartered by his widow, Hawise de Beaumont, and confirmed by charter in 1198 from "John, Count of Mortain" (later to be King John). In 1415 King Henry V granted the burgesses of Petersfield freedom from toll, stallage, picage, pannage, murage, and pontage throughout the realm of England. All charters are preserved in the archive files at Petersfield Town Council.
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Plymouth
Plymouthi/ˈplɪməθ/ is a city and unitary authority area on the south coast of Devon, England, about 190 miles (310 km) south-west of London. It is situated between the mouths of the rivers Plym to the east and Tamar to the west, where they join Plymouth Sound. Since 1967, the City of Plymouth has included the suburbs of Plympton and Plymstock, which are on the east side of the River Plym.
Plymouth's history goes back to the Bronze Age, when its first settlement grew at Mount Batten. This settlement continued to grow as a trading post for the Roman Empire, until the more prosperous village of Sutton, the current Plymouth, surpassed it. In 1620, the Pilgrim Fathers left Plymouth for the New World and established Plymouth Colony – the second English settlement in what is now the United States of America. During the English Civil War the town was held by the Parliamentarians and was besieged between 1642 and 1646.
Throughout the Industrial Revolution, Plymouth grew as a major commercial shipping port, handling imports and passengers from the Americas, while the neighbouring town of Devonport grew as an important Royal Naval shipbuilding and dockyard town. In 1914 the three neighbouring and independent towns, viz., the county borough of Plymouth, the county borough of Devonport, and the urban district of East Stonehouse were merged to form a single County Borough. The new, merged town took the name of Plymouth which, in 1928, achieved city status. The city's naval importance later led to its targeting and partial destruction during World War II, an act known as the Plymouth Blitz. After the war the city centre was completely rebuilt.
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Poole
Coordinates: 50°43′N 1°59′W / 50.717°N 1.983°W / 50.717; -1.983
Poole ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a large coastal town and seaport in the county of Dorset, on the south coast of England. The town is 33 kilometres (21 mi) east of Dorchester, and Bournemouth adjoins Poole to the east. The Borough of Poole was made a unitary authority in 1997, gaining administrative independence from Dorset County Council. The town had a population of 138,288 according to the 2001 census, making it the second largest settlement in Dorset. Together with Bournemouth and Christchurch, the town forms the South East Dorset conurbation with a total population of over 400,000.
Human settlement in the area dates back to before the Iron Age. The earliest recorded use of the town’s name was in the 12th century when the town began to emerge as an important port, prospering with the introduction of the wool trade. In later centuries the town had important trade links with North America and at its peak in the 18th century it was one of the busiest ports in Britain. During the Second World War the town was one of the main departing points for the D-Day landings of the Normandy Invasion.
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Port of Barrow
The Port of Barrow refers to the enclosed dock system within the town of Barrow-in-Furness, England. Morecambe Bay is to the east of the port and the Irish Sea surrounds it to the south and west. The port is currently owned and operated by Associated British Ports Holdings although some land is also shared with BAE Systems Submarine Solutions, currently consisting of four large docks, the Port of Barrow is one of North West England's most important ports. The docks are as follows: Buccleuch Dock, Cavendish Dock, Devonshire Dock and Ramsden Dock. The port of Barrow is the country's only deep water port between the Mersey and the Clyde.
Barrow shipyard is one of the largest in the United Kingdom (having constructed well over 800 vessles in its history), rivalled only by those in Belfast, Birkenhead and Govan. It is also home to the country's only submarine production facility. The port of Barrow itself is heaily involved with the transportation of natural gases and other forms of energy from local sites such as Sellafield, Barrow Offshore Windfarm, Ormonde Wind Farm, Rampside Gas Terminal and Roosecote Power Station. Barrow is also coming increasingly popular as a port of call for cruise liners visiting the town and the Lake District.James Fisher & Sons are the main company to operate out of the port.
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Port of Hull
Coordinates: 53°44′17″N 0°19′55″W / 53.738°N 0.332°W / 53.738; -0.332
The Port of Hull is a trading port located at the confluence of the River Hull and the Humber Estuary in the city of Kingston upon Hull in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. Seaborne trade can be traced to at least the 13th century. As of 2010 the main port is operated by Associated British Ports and is estimated to handle one million passengers per year and is the main softwood timber importation port for the UK. The Port of Hull is a constituent port of the Hull and Humber Ports City Region.
Hull lies on a naturally advantageous position for portage, since its position on the north side of the Humber Estuary before a bend southwards gives rise to (on average) deeper water; in addition the River Hull flows out into the Humber at the same point.
An important event in the history of Hull as a port was the acquisition by the crown (Edward I), followed by it becoming (in 1297) the only port from which goods could be exported overseas from the county of Yorkshire. Thus in the 13th and 14th centuries Hull was a major English port for the export of wool, much of it to Flanders, with wine being a major import. During this period the river Hull was made navigable as far as the then important town of Beverley (1269), and roads built connecting Hull to Beverley, Holderness and to the via regia between Hessle and Beverley near to Anlaby (about 1302).
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Port of Lowestoft
The Port of Lowestoft is a harbour in Lowestoft in the English county of Suffolk owned by Associated British Ports. It is the most easterly harbour in the United Kingdom and has direct sea access to the North Sea. The harbour is made up of two sections divided by a bascule bridge. The inner harbour is formed by Lake Lothing whilst the outer harbour is constructed from breakwaters.
Traditionally the harbour was the site for an extensive fishing industry as well as engineering and shipbuilding companies such as Brooke Marine, Richards and Boulton and Paul. The offshore oil and gas industry has also operated from the harbour with Shell maintaining their Southern Operations base in the harbour from the mid-1960s until 2003. Although the offshore industry remains important, many of these industries have now declined substantially. In the modern era the port is attempting to develop as a focus for the renewable energy sector.
The harbour is the focus for redevelopment proposals for Lowestoft in the form of the Lake Lothing and Outer Harbour Area Action Plan submitted in February 2011. The plan focusses on the redevelopment of brownfield sites in and around the harbour area to create jobs, particularly in the renewable energy and retailing sectors.
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Port Talbot Docks
The port of Port Talbot is located on the River Afan estuary next to Port Talbot Steelworks in the industrial town of Port Talbot, South Wales. The whole basin complex covers about 500 acres (2.0 km2), consisting of: an inner set of floating docks, developed from 1834 onwards; and an outer tidal basin, completed in 1970. Owned and operated by Associated British Ports, the port of Port Talbot has the deepest berthing facilities in the Severn estuary and is one of only a few harbours in the UK capable of handling Capesize vessels of up to 170,000 metric tons deadweight (DWT), mostly for the import of iron ore and coal for use by nearby Port Talbot Steelworks.
Aberfan had developed as a natural harbour from the 17th century at the mouth of the River Afan, acting as a point of transport for coal and sheep to South Wales, Bristol, and the West Country. From 1750 onwards, tramlines connected the harbour to local coal mines, and the establishment of copper smelting and ironworks towards the end of the 18th century quickly developed volumes of trade.
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Portsmouth
Portsmouth (i/ˈpɔːtsməθ/) is the second largest city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire on the south coast of England. Portsmouth is notable for being the United Kingdom's only island city; it is located mainly on Portsea Island. It is situated 64 miles (103 km) south west from London and 19 miles (31 km) south east from Southampton.
As a significant naval port for centuries, Portsmouth is home to the world's oldest dry dock still in use and also home to some famous ships, including HMS Warrior, the Tudor carrack Mary Rose and Lord Nelson's flagship, HMS Victory. Although smaller than in its heyday, the naval base remains a major dockyard and base for the Royal Navy and Royal Marine Commandos whose Headquarters resides there. There is also a thriving commercial ferryport serving destinations on the continent for freight and passenger traffic. The City of Portsmouth and Portsmouth Football Club are both nicknamed Pompey.
The Spinnaker Tower is a striking recent addition to the city's skyline. It can be found in the redeveloped former HMS Vernon, formerly a shore establishment or 'stone frigate' of the Royal Navy, now an area of retail outlets, restaurants, clubs and bars now known as Gunwharf Quays.
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Portswood
Coordinates: 50°55′34″N 1°23′35″W / 50.9261°N 1.3931°W / 50.9261; -1.3931
Portswood is a suburb and Electoral Ward of Southampton, England. The suburb lies to the north-east of the city centre and is bounded by (clockwise from west) Freemantle, Highfield, Swaythling, St. Denys and Bevois Valley.
Portswood Ward comprises Portswood, Highfield and St. Denys, and had a population of 14,384 as of the 2001 Census. It is a largely residential area encompassing the main campus of the University of Southampton, and as such more than a quarter of residents are students.
The Manor of Portswood, which originally included the modern-day Bevois Town, Swaythling, St Denys and Highfield, was first named in a charter dating from 1045. The name Portswood comes from the Old English Porteswuda, meaning "wood of the town".
The manor was granted to St. Denys Priory by Richard I in 1189, and it remained under their ownership until the Dissolution of the Monasteries by Henry VIII in 1536. The land, and the title Lord of the Manor, were purchased by Francis Dawtrey in 1538, and passed through several hands before being bought by Giles Stibbert in 1771. Stibbert, Lieutenant-General with the East India Company and later Commander-in-Chief of India, built the first Portswood House on the estate to the design of a Mr. Crunden.
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Qingdao
Qingdao (help·info) (Chinese: 青岛; pinyin: Qīngdǎo; Mandarin pronunciation: [tɕʰíŋtɑ̀ʊ̯]; German: Tsingtau) also known in the West by its postal map spelling Tsingtao, is a major city with a population of over 8.715 million (2010 census) in eastern Shandong province, Eastern China. Its built up area, made of 7 urban districts plus Jimo city, is home to about 4,346,000 inhabitants in 2010.
It borders Yantai to the northeast, Weifang to the west and Rizhao to the southwest. The character 青 (qīng) in Chinese means "green" or "lush", while the character 岛 (dǎo) means "island". Qingdao is administered at the sub-provincial level.
Lying across the Shandong Peninsula while looking out to the Yellow Sea, Qingdao is a major seaport, naval base, and industrial centre. It is also the site of the Tsingtao Brewery. The world's longest sea bridge, the Qingdao Haiwan Bridge, links the main urban area of Qingdao with Huangdao district, straddling the Jiaozhou Bay sea areas. In 2009, Qingdao was named China's most livable city.
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Reading, Berkshire
Reading (i/ˈrɛdɪŋ/ RED-ing) is a large town and unitary authority area in England. It is located in the Thames Valley at the confluence of the River Thames and River Kennet, and on both the Great Western Main Line railway and the M4 motorway, some 40 miles (64 km) west of London.
The Borough of Reading has a population of 145,700 (2008 estimate) and the town formed the largest part of the Reading/Wokingham Urban Area which had a population of 369,804 (2001 census). The town is currently represented in the UK parliament by two members, and has been continuously represented there since 1295. For ceremonial purposes the town is in the county of Berkshire and has served as its county town since 1867, previously sharing this status with Abingdon.
The first evidence for Reading as a settlement dates from the 8th century. Reading was an important centre in the medieval period, as the site of Reading Abbey, a monastery with strong royal connections. The town was seriously impacted by the Civil War, with a major siege and loss of trade, and played a pivotal role in the Revolution of 1688, with that revolution's only significant military action fought on the streets of the town. The 19th century saw the coming of the Great Western Railway and the development of the town's brewing, baking and seed growing businesses.
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Redcar and Cleveland
The borough of Redcar & Cleveland is a unitary authority in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England consisting of Redcar, Saltburn-by-the-Sea, Guisborough, and small towns such as Brotton, Eston, Skelton and Loftus. It had a resident population of 139,132 in 2001, and is part of the Tees Valley economic area. It is represented in Parliament by Ian Swales (Liberal Democrat) for the Redcar constituency and by Tom Blenkinsop (Labour) for the Middlesbrough South and East Cleveland constituency.
The district was created in 1974 as the borough of Langbaurgh, one of four districts of the new non-metropolitan county of Cleveland. It was formed from the Coatham, Kirkleatham, Ormesby, Redcar and South Bank wards of the county borough of Teesside, along with Guisborough, Loftus, Saltburn and Marske-by-the-Sea, Eston Grange and Skelton and Brotton urban districts, from the North Riding of Yorkshire. The borough was named after the ancient Langbaurgh wapentake of Yorkshire. On 1 January 1988 the borough was renamed as Langbaurgh-on-Tees.
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Reigate and Banstead
Coordinates: 51°14′56″N 0°09′36″W / 51.249°N 0.160°W / 51.249; -0.160
Reigate and Banstead is a local government district with borough status in east Surrey England. It covers the towns of Reigate, Banstead, Redhill and Horley.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. It was a merger of the former borough of Reigate with Banstead Urban District and part of Dorking and Horley Rural District. There are two civil parishes within the borough: Horley and Salfords and Sidlow.
After the 3 May 2007 elections, there are 41 Conservatives seats, six Reigate and Banstead Residents Association, two Liberal Democrats, one Labour and one seat held by an Independent.
In recent years Reigate and Banstead Borough Council has been notable in seeing a number of younger councillors elected.
The borough is twinned with:
At one time the airline Dan-Air had its head office in the Newman House in Horley, Reigate and Banstead. At one time Air Europe had its head office in Reigate, Reigate and Banstead.
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Rems-Murr
Rems-Murr is a district (Kreis) in the middle of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) Heilbronn, Schwäbisch Hall, Ostalbkreis, Göppingen, Esslingen, the district-free city Stuttgart and the district Ludwigsburg.
The district was created in 1973, when the district Waiblingen was merged with most of the district Backnang and few municipalities from the district Schwäbisch Gmünd.
The biggest part of the district is located in the Swabian-Franconian mountains (Schwäbisch-Fränkischer Wald). The two rivers Rems and Murr gave the district its name.
Rems-Murr-Kreis is twinned with:
Coordinates: 48°55′N 9°32′E / 48.917°N 9.533°E / 48.917; 9.533
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Ringwood
Coordinates: 50°51′N 1°47′W / 50.85°N 1.78°W / 50.85; -1.78
Ringwood is a historic market town and civil parish in Hampshire, England, located on the River Avon, close to the New Forest and north of Bournemouth. It has a history dating back to Anglo-Saxon times, and has held a weekly market since the Middle Ages.
Ringwood is a town on the east bank of the River Avon in Hampshire. It features a weekly market in the traditional market place. A cattle market ran until 1989 in the Furlong, which is now home to a Waitrose supermarket, coffee shops and fashion outlets. Ringwood was noted as the second most expensive market town in England in July 2008 with average property prices of over £380,000. The parish includes the hamlets of Poulner, Hangersley, Hightown, Crow, Kingston, and Bisterne.
Ringwood is the home of the Ringwood Brewery, which produces a variety of cask ales and runs five pubs in the local area, such as the Inn on the Furlong in Ringwood. Ringwood brewery also produces a variety of wines. It was recently taken over by Marston's Brewery, who plan to keep the brewery and all its brands, but lease out its tied public houses.
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Ripon
Coordinates: 54°08′17″N 1°31′25″W / 54.13796°N 1.52365°W / 54.13796; -1.52365
Ripon is a cathedral city, market town and successor parish in the Borough of Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England, located at the confluence of two streams of the River Ure in the form of the Laver and Skell. The city is noted for its main feature the Ripon Cathedral which is architecturally significant, as well as the Ripon Racecourse and other features such as its market. The city itself is just over 1,300 years old.
The city was originally known as Inhrypum and was founded by Saint Wilfrid during the time of Angle kingdom Northumbria, a period during which it enjoyed prominence in terms of religious importance in Great Britain. After a period of Viking control, it passed to the Cerdic dynasty who unified England and then the Normans who destroyed much of the city. After a brief period of building projects under the Plantagenets, the city emerged with a prominent wool and cloth industry. Ripon became well known for its production of spurs during the 16th and 17th century, but would later remain largely unaffected by the Industrial Revolution.
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River Meon
The River Meon is a river that flows through an area of Hampshire in southern England known as the Meon Valley, it flows generally southwards from the South Downs to the Solent. For most of its route it is a chalk stream, with a length of 21 miles (34 km).
The River Meon rises approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) south of the village of East Meon. It first flows due north to that village, then northwest to West Meon, and southwest to Warnford before adopting its principal southwards flow. From Warnford the river flows through the villages of Exton, Corhampton and Meonstoke, Droxford, Wickham, and Titchfield. From Titchfield the river flows some 2 miles (3 km) through the marshes of the Titchfield Haven National Nature Reserve before entering the Solent through the small harbour at Hill Head.
Until late in the 17th century, the River Meon was navigable as far as Titchfield, which at that time was a significant port. However silting started to restrict the passage of ships, and in order to maintain Titchfield's status as a port, the Earl of Southampton proposed that a canal should be constructed. This canal opened in 1611 and was only the second canal existing in Britain at the time. Unfortunately the canal also suffered from silting and the sea trade moved to nearby Southampton and Portsmouth. As part of the construction of the canal, the outfall of the River Meon to the sea was dammed, creating the wetlands that now form the Titchfield Haven National Nature Reserve.
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River Wallington
Coordinates: 50°52′52″N 1°01′55″W / 50.881°N 1.032°W / 50.881; -1.032
The River Wallington is a small river in south Hampshire. Rising close to Waterlooville the river flows westerly around Portsdown Hill through the village of Southwick (where the river has been dammed to form the ornamental lake in the grounds of Southwick House), past Fareham, before entering Portsmouth Harbour at Wallington.
McMain lives there
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River Wey
Coordinates: 51°10′48″N 0°45′00″W / 51.180°N 0.750°W / 51.180; -0.750
The River Wey in Surrey, Hampshire and West Sussex is a tributary of the River Thames with two separate branches which join at Tilford. The name may be derived from the Old English word Éa meaning "river". The source of the north branch is at Alton, Hampshire and of the south branch at both Blackdown south of Haslemere, and also close to Gibbet Hill, near Hindhead (the south branch splits into two smaller rivers). The Wey has a total catchment area of 904 square kilometres (350 sq mi), draining parts of Surrey, Hampshire and West Sussex. It is partly navigable from Godalming, forming the natural part of the Wey and Godalming Navigations. It joins the River Thames near Weybridge, which is named after the river, just downstream of Shepperton Lock. The river is also a popular subject to study, as its features allow for easy access to data.
The Wey North branch rises in Alton in Hampshire and runs eastwards through Upper Froyle and Bentley, turning southwards at Farnham to Tilford. The catchment of this branch was originally the upper catchment of the Blackwater, which then ran northwards through what is now Farnham. The Wey captured the Blackwater near Tilford; the capture extended downstream to Farnham, thus reversing the flow to southwards between Farnham and Tilford. The Blackwater remains as a much shorter river to the north of Farnham, with a wind gap (empty valley) between it and the Wey.
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Rownhams
Rownhams is a village in Hampshire, England, situated just outside the boundaries of the City of Southampton, to the north-west. It is most likely known for Rownhams services a service station on the M27 motorway which runs to the north of the village.
Coordinates: 50°56′51″N 1°27′15″W / 50.947455°N 1.454157°W / 50.947455; -1.454157
for those interested in tracing family relatives from Rownhams, the burial records for St. John's church Rownhams are available on-line at www.twinspires.org.uk (on the Record Searches page)
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Runnymede (district)
Coordinates: 51°23′42″N 0°32′28″W / 51.395°N 0.541°W / 51.395; -0.541
The Borough of Runnymede is a local government district with borough status in the English county of Surrey. It is a very prosperous part of the London commuter belt, with some of the most expensive housing in the United Kingdom outside of central London, such as the Wentworth Estate.
Runnymede is entirely unparished and is largely built-up, although with expanses of countryside. Places in the district include Addlestone, Egham, Egham Hythe, Chertsey, Thorpe, Virginia Water and Englefield Green.
The district is named after Runnymede, a water meadow on the banks of the River Thames near Egham. Runnymede is celebrated in connection with the signature of Magna Carta by King John in 1215, and is the site of several significant monuments.
The district was formed in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 by the merger of the Chertsey and Egham urban districts. Chertsey UD had been created in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894 consisting of all of the ancient parish of Chertsey, whilst Egham UD had been created by the same Act, and then had the parish of Thorpe added to it in 1933 after a County Review Order dissolved the Chertsey Rural District.
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Rutland
Coordinates: 52°39′20.00″N 0°39′30.00″W / 52.65556°N 0.65833°W / 52.65556; -0.65833
Rutland ( /ˈrʌtlənd/) is a landlocked county in central England, bounded on the west and north by Leicestershire, northeast by Lincolnshire and southeast by Peterborough (a unitary authority ceremonially in Cambridgeshire) and Northamptonshire.
Its greatest length north to south is only 18 miles (29.0 km), greatest breadth east to west, 17 miles (27.4 km). It is the smallest (in terms of population) normal unitary authority in mainland England (only the City of London is smaller in terms of area), and is 348th of the 354 districts in terms of population. It is the smallest historic English county, leading to the adoption of the Latin motto Multum In Parvo or "much in little" by the county council in 1950. Among modern ceremonial counties the Isle of Wight, City of London and City of Bristol are all smaller. The former County of London, in existence 1889 to 1965, also had a smaller area.
The only towns in Rutland are Oakham, the county town, and Uppingham. At the centre of the county is the large artificial reservoir, Rutland Water, with a similar surface area to Windermere. It is an important nature reserve serving as an overwintering site for wildfowl and a breeding site for ospreys. The town of Stamford is just over the border in a protruding part of Lincolnshire.
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Salisbury
Coordinates: 51°04′26″N 1°47′37″W / 51.0740°N 1.7936°W / 51.0740; -1.7936
Salisbury ( /ˈsɔːlzbri/ SAWLZ-bree or /ˈsɒlzbri/ SOLZ-bree, or locally /ˈsɔːzbri/) is a cathedral city in Wiltshire, England and the only city in the county. It is the second largest settlement in the county (the largest being Swindon). It has also been called New Sarum to distinguish it from the original site of settlement to the north of the city at Old Sarum, but this alternative name is not in common use.
The city is located in the south-east of Wiltshire, near the edge of Salisbury Plain. It sits at the confluence of five rivers: the Nadder, Ebble, Wylye and Bourne are tributary to the Avon, which flows to the south coast and into the sea at Christchurch, Dorset. Salisbury railway station serves the city, and is the crossing point between the West of England Main Line and the Wessex Main Line, making it a regional interchange.
Although the actual city was not established until 1220, there has been a settlement in the area since prehistory. There is evidence of Neolithic settlement on the hilltop of Old Sarum, which became a hill fort in the Iron Age. The Romans called this fort "Sorviodunum" and may also have occupied the fort. The Saxons established themselves there called it "Searesbyrig" and the Normans built a castle or "Seresberi". By 1086, in the Domesday Book, it was called "Salesberie".
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Sevenoaks (district)
Sevenoaks is a local government district covering the western most part of Kent in England. Its council is based in the town of Sevenoaks. It was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, by a merger of the Sevenoaks Urban District, Sevenoaks Rural District and part of Dartford Rural District.
The council consists of 54 elected councillors, representing wards in the district.
In 2009 the Audit Commission named Sevenoaks District Council one of the four best run and most efficient councils in the country.
The third tier of government within the District consists of the following town and parish councils:
Coordinates: 51°16′12″N 0°11′35″E / 51.270°N 0.193°E / 51.270; 0.193
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Sheffield
Sheffieldi/ˈʃɛfiːld/ is a city and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England. Its name derives from the River Sheaf, which runs through the city. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, and with some of its southern suburbs annexed from Derbyshire, the city has grown from its largely industrial roots to encompass a wider economic base. The population of the City of Sheffield is 555,500 (2010 est.) and it is one of the eight largest regional English cities that make up the English Core Cities Group.
During the 19th century, Sheffield gained an international reputation for steel production. Many innovations were developed locally, including crucible and stainless steel, fuelling an almost tenfold increase in the population during the Industrial Revolution. Sheffield received its municipal charter in 1843, becoming the City of Sheffield in 1893. International competition in iron and steel caused a decline in traditional local industries during the 1970s and 1980s, coinciding with the collapse of coal mining in the area.
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Sholing
Coordinates: 50°54′00″N 1°21′18″W / 50.9001°N 1.3551°W / 50.9001; -1.3551
Sholing, previously Scholing, is a district on the eastern side of the city of Southampton in southern England. It is located between the districts of Bitterne, Thornhill and Woolston.
Various explanations from where the name derives but the most popular is that "Sholing" derives from the Anglo-Saxon phrase for "hill on the shore."
The parish church for Sholing, St Mary's, was opened in 1866. The established church soon followed and the Parish Church of St Mary’s was consecrated in 1866. The first Vicar, the Rev. Francis Davidson, (the father of the "Rector of Stiffkey" Harold Davidson) remained in place for the 48 years.
In 1920, the village became part of the Borough of Southampton.
Sholing has a railway station, opened in 1866, which connects the area to Southampton and Portsmouth.
There are various explanations for the origin of the name ‘Sholing’, spelt ‘Scholing’ on many old maps. One version is that it means, in Old English, ‘the hill above the shore’ or ‘the hill sloping down to the shore’ and it is true that Sholing is indeed on high ground and slopes down towards Southampton Water. However, others think that the ending ‘ing’ indicates an area where the sons of a man named “Schol” lived. The Old English ‘Scēolingas’ means ‘people associated with somebody called ‘Scēolh’, a nickname for somebody who was crooked or squint-eyed. Another local Romany explanation is that it comes from the presence of the heather ‘ling’ when it was mentioned that the area had a ‘nice show o’ ling”’. The name of the area could also possibly come from the ancient Sceolingas tribe who lived somewhere in this part of Hampshire.
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Shropshire
Shropshire ( /ˈʃrɒpʃər/ or /ˈʃrɒpʃɪər/; alternatively Salop; abbreviated, in print only, Shrops) is a county in the West Midlands region of England. It borders Wales to the west, Cheshire to the north, Staffordshire to the east, Worcestershire to the south-east and Herefordshire to the south. A unitary authority (Shropshire Council) was created on 1 April 2009, taking over from the previous county council and 5 district councils, and covers most of the county. The borough of Telford and Wrekin, included in Shropshire for ceremonial purposes, has been a separate unitary authority since 1998.
The county's population and economy is centred on five towns: the county town of Shrewsbury, which is culturally and historically important and is located in the centre of the county;Telford, a new town in the east which was constructed around a number of older towns, most notably Wellington, Dawley and Madeley, which is today the most populous; and Oswestry in the north-west, Bridgnorth just to the south of Telford, and Ludlow in the south. The county has many further smaller towns, including Whitchurch in the north, Newport just to the north-east of Telford, and Market Drayton in the north-east of the county.
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Silloth
Coordinates: 54°52′08″N 3°22′52″W / 54.869°N 3.381°W / 54.869; -3.381
Silloth (sometimes known as Silloth-on-Solway) is a port town and civil parish in Cumbria, England. It sits on the shoreline of the Solway Firth, 22 miles (35 km) west of Carlisle. It has a population of 2,932.
Historically a part of Cumberland, the town is a small holiday resort, developed in the 1860s around the terminus of a railway from Carlisle which had begun construction in 1855. For the first time, workers from the factories of Carlisle were presented with affordable access to the seaside and the town flourished as a destination for day trippers. After its heyday in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Silloth slipped into unfashionable disrepair, however recent years have seen a great deal of development with many of the sea facing properties having received long overdue facelifts. The main central attraction is a large expansive green that is utilised throughout the year to host various events and activities.
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Slough
Coordinates: 51°30′36″N 0°35′35″W / 51.51°N 0.593056°W / 51.51; -0.593056
Sloughi/ˈslaʊ/ is a borough and unitary authority within the ceremonial county of Royal Berkshire, England. The town straddles the A4 Bath Road (it becomes the Great West Road closer to London) and the Great Western Main Line, 22 miles (35 km) west of central London. At the 2001 census, the population of Slough was 119,070 (est. 122,000 in 2006) and the borough area was the most ethnically diverse local authority area outside London in the United Kingdom. Slough has the highest proportion of religious adherents in England.
Historically, the larger part of the present-day Slough area was formerly in Buckinghamshire with a small part of the borough originally in Middlesex. Slough is home to the Slough Trading Estate, which, coupled with extensive transport links, makes it an important business centre in South East England. It is the largest industrial estate in single private ownership in Europe.
Slough is at grid reference SU978797, just west of Greater London. Nearby towns are Windsor to the south, Maidenhead to the west, Uxbridge to the northeast and Beaconsfield to the north.
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South Bucks
South Bucks is one of four local government districts in the non-metropolitan county of Buckinghamshire, in South East England.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972, by the amalgamation of the area of Beaconsfield Urban District with part of Eton Rural District. The district was originally named Beaconsfield: it was renamed to its present title on on 1 April 1980, following the passing of a resolution by the district council. It is formally called 'South Bucks' rather than 'South Buckinghamshire'.
A large part of the district is sandwiched between the M40 and M4 motorways, both of which have junctions within the district. The major M40/M25 interchange is located near Gerrards Cross, it is the M25's only junction in the district. South Bucks contains the greatest length of motorway in any Buckinghamshire district. Railway lines follow the motorways- they are the Great Western Main Line and the Chiltern Main Line, with important stations in Beaconsfield and Gerrards Cross. Denham Aerodrome in the southeast of the district has a small number of chartered flights running out of it.
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South Downs
The South Downs is a range of chalk hills that extends for about 260 square miles (670 km2) across the south-eastern coastal counties of England from the Itchen Valley of Hampshire in the west to Beachy Head, near Eastbourne, East Sussex, in the east. It is bounded on its northern side by a steep escarpment, from whose crest there are extensive views northwards across the Weald. The South Downs National Park forms a much larger area than the chalk range of the South Downs and includes large parts of the Weald.
The South Downs is characterised by rolling chalk downland with close-cropped turf and dry valleys, and is recognised as one of the most important chalk landscapes in England. It is one of the four main areas of chalk downland in southern England.
The South Downs is relatively unpopulated, although in Sussex there has been large-scale urban encroachment onto the chalk downland by major seaside resorts, including most notably Brighton and Hove.
The South Downs has been inhabited since ancient times and at periods the area has supported a large population, particularly during Romano-British times. There is a rich heritage of historical features and archaeological remains, including defensive sites, burial mounds and field boundaries. Within the South Downs Environmentally Sensitive Area there are thirty-seven Sites of Special Scientific Interest, including large areas of chalk grassland.
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South Oxfordshire
South Oxfordshire is a local government district in Oxfordshire, England. Its council is based in Crowmarsh Gifford, just outside Wallingford.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, from the municipal boroughs of Henley-on-Thames and Wallingford, Thame urban district, and Wallingford Rural District, Bullingdon Rural District and Henley Rural District. The Wallingford parts were previously part of the administrative county of Berkshire.
The River Thames flows for approximately 47 miles through South Oxfordshire and it is joined by the River Thame within the district. A characteristic of the rivers within the district is that they have wide floodplains with few houses on them so that fluvial flooding is a lesser problem than flash flooding.
The towns in the district are Didcot, Henley-on-Thames, Thame, Wallingford and Watlington.
The larger villages in the district include:
See List of civil parishes in South Oxfordshire
In May 2006, a report commissioned by British Gas showed that housing in South Oxfordshire produced the 5th highest average carbon emissions in the country at 7,356 kg of carbon dioxide per dwelling.
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Southampton
Southamptoni/saʊθˈhæmptən/ is the largest city in the county of Hampshire on the south coast of England, and is situated 120 kilometres (75 mi) south-west of London and 30 kilometres (19 mi) north-west of Portsmouth. Southampton is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest. It lies at the northernmost point of Southampton Water at the confluence of the River Test and River Itchen, with the River Hamble joining to the south of the urban area. The local authority is Southampton City Council, which is a unitary authority.
The city represents the core of the Greater Southampton region, and the city itself has an estimated population of 239,700 Southampton combines with Portsmouth to form a single metropolitan area; with a population of over a million this makes the region one of the United Kingdom's most populous metropolitan areas. The city's name is sometimes abbreviated in writing to "So'ton" or "Soton", and a resident of Southampton is called a Sotonian.
Significant employers in Southampton include the University of Southampton, Southampton Airport, the Ford Transit factory, Ordnance Survey, BBC South, the NHS, ABP and Carnival. Southampton is noted for its association with the RMS Titanic, the Spitfire and more recently a number of the largest cruise ships in the world.
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Southampton Airport
Southampton Airport (IATA: SOU, ICAO: EGHI) is an airport in the UK, located 3.5 NM (6.5 km; 4.0 mi) north north-east of Southampton, in the Borough of Eastleigh within Hampshire, England.
The airport is owned and operated by BAA, which also owns and operates five other UK airports, and is itself owned by ADI Limited, an international consortium, which includes Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec and GIC Special Investments, that is led by the Spanish Ferrovial Group.
The airport handled 1,762,076 passengers during 2011, a 1.6% increase compared with 2010, making it the 18th busiest airport in the UK. Southampton Airport has a CAA Public Use Aerodrome Licence (Number P690) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction.
The airport's runway is built over the remains of a Roman villa. It was excavated in May 1925 but the villa had been robbed of much of its material.
The site's connection with aviation can be traced back to 1910 when pioneer pilot Edwin Rowland Moon used the meadows belonging to North Stoneham Farm as a take-off and landing spot for his monoplane, Moonbeam Mk II. In 2010, the airport arranged a series of events to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the first flight at the airport.
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Southampton Castle
Southampton Castle was located in the town of Southampton in Hampshire, England. Constructed after the Norman conquest of England, it was located in the north-west corner of the town overlooking the River Test, initially as a wooden motte and bailey design. By the late 12th century the royal castle had been largely converted to stone, playing an important part in the wine trade conducted through the Southampton docks. By the end of the 13th century the castle was in decline, but the threat of French raids in the 1370s led Richard II to undertake extensive rebuilding. The result was a powerfully defended castle, one of the first in England to be equipped with cannon. The castle declined again in the 16th century and was sold off to property speculators in 1618. After being used for various purposes, including the construction of a Gothic mansion in the early 19th century, the site was flattened and largely redeveloped. Only a few elements of the castle still remain visible in Southampton.
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Southampton Common
Coordinates: 50°55′43″N 1°24′35″W / 50.9285°N 1.4098°W / 50.9285; -1.4098
Southampton Common is a large open space to the north of the city centre of Southampton, England. It is bounded by the districts of Shirley, Bassett, Highfield and Portswood. The area supports a large variety of wildlife, including the largest recorded population of the internationally rare great crested newt. It is designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
Southampton Common currently includes 326 acres (1.32 km2) of woodland, parkland, rough grassland, ponds, wetlands, nature trails, a paddling pool, a children's play area, a model yachting pond, and a fishing lake. The Common is used for a wide variety of community events, Flower Festival, Race for life Cancer Research UK and formerly 'Power in the Park' hosted by Power FM.
The Hawthorns Urban Wildlife Centre at the southern end has been built on the former site of Southampton Zoo and the comprehensive displays document the natural history of the area; with interactive resources, educational facilities and information about local wildlife and environmental management. To the west, bordering on Hill Lane, is a historic cemetery that also includes many rare flora and fauna. Cemetery Pond is popular for birds.
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Southampton Water
Southampton Water is a tidal estuary north of the Solent and the Isle of Wight in England. The city of Southampton lies at its most northerly point. Along its salt marsh-fringed western shores lie the New Forest villages of Hythe and "the waterside", Dibden Bay, and the Esso oil refinery at Fawley. On the slightly steeper eastern shore are the Southampton suburb of Weston, the villages of Netley and Hamble-le-Rice, and the Royal Victoria Country Park.
Together with the Solent, Southampton Water is world-renowned for yachting. It served as one of the sailing events for the 1908 Summer Olympics.
Geographically, Southampton Water is classified as a ria, or drowned valley, of the English Channel. It was formed by the rivers Test, Itchen and Hamble which flow in to it, and became an inlet of the sea at the end of the last ice age when sea levels rose, flooding many valleys in the south of England.
Southampton's emergence as a major port, and particularly as a port handling very large vessels, depended partly on certain geographical features of Southampton Water. Its depth, even in its undeveloped state, was generous; this depth of water has been increased over the years with comparative ease since the soft silt of the river-bed allows for easy dredging. An additional factor is the phenomenon of the "double tide", which results in unusually prolonged periods of high water. This greatly facilitates the movements of very large ships.
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Southend-on-Sea
Southend-on-Sea ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a unitary authority area, town, and seaside resort in Essex, England. The district has Borough status, and comprises the towns of Chalkwell, Eastwood, Leigh-on-Sea, North Shoebury, Prittlewell, Shoeburyness, Southchurch, Thorpe Bay, and Westcliff-on-Sea. The district is situated within the Thames Gateway on the north side of the Thames estuary 40 miles (64 km) east of central London. It is bordered to the north by Rochford and to the west by Castle Point. It is home to the longest leisure pier in the world, The Southend Pier.London Southend Airport is located 2 Miles north of the town Center, and is one of London's 6 Major Airports.
Originally the "south end" of the village of Prittlewell, Southend became a seaside resort during the Georgian era, attracting many tourists in the summer months to its seven miles[citation needed] of beaches and bathing in the sea. Good rail connections and proximity to London mean that much of the economy has been based on tourism, and that Southend has been a dormitory town for city workers ever since. Southend Pier is the world's longest pleasure pier at 1.34 miles (2158m). It has suffered fires and ship collisions, most recently in October 2005, but the basic pier structure has been repaired each time. There has been significant loss of pier-head facilities since the major fire in 1976.
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Spelthorne
Spelthorne is a local government district and borough in Surrey, England. It includes the towns of Ashford, Laleham, Shepperton, Staines-upon-Thames, Stanwell and Sunbury. Boroughs adjacent to Spelthorne include Runnymede and Elmbridge in Surrey, the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead, the London Borough of Hillingdon to the north, as well as the London Borough of Hounslow and the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames to the east. The borough is home to a number of large reservoirs, including Queen Mary, Staines and King George VI, all important bird reserves as is Staines Moor, designated an area of outstanding scientific interest.
Spelthorne appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Spelet(h)orne, in Middlesex. Spelthorne was a hundred, an administrative area, where local leaders met about once a month. The Spelthorne hundred also covered East Bedfont, Feltham and Hanworth, all now in the London Borough of Hounslow in Greater London.
The borough was formed in 1974 from Staines Urban District and Sunbury-on-Thames Urban District. The urban districts had originally been part of Middlesex; however in 1965 when much of the rest of Middlesex was absorbed into Greater London these two were instead transferred to Surrey. Its boundary changed in 1995 when Poyle was transferred to Slough in Berkshire. The borough remained inside the Metropolitan Police District, and was not transferred to Surrey Police until the boundary was realigned to Greater London in 2000.
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St Denys
Coordinates: 50°55′26″N 1°23′10″W / 50.9238°N 1.386°W / 50.9238; -1.386
St Denys is a district of Southampton, England, approximately 3 miles (5 km) north of the city centre, opposite Bitterne Park on the River Itchen, to which it is linked by Cobden Bridge. It is now bounded by the river, and by the railway and A335 bypass, which divided part of the original parish from the remainder.
The area is named after the 12th century St. Denys Priory, which never particularly thrived and of which now there is extremely little remaining, aside from an archway of the original chapel and another archway now relocated in the city centre. The current church dates from 1868 and was designed by George Gilbert Scott.
St Denys originally consisted of little but farmland, but its housing was heavily developed from the mid 19th century onwards, and is now populated with a wide mix of younger working families, older residents and students.
Key and interesting features of St Denys include:
St Denys railway station platforms
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Stirling
Coordinates: 56°07′02″N 3°56′23″W / 56.117222°N 3.939722°W / 56.117222; -3.939722
Stirling (Gaelic: Sruighlea pronounced [ˈs̪t̪ruʝlə]) is a city and former ancient burgh in Scotland, and is at the heart of the wider Stirling council area. The city is clustered around a large fortress and medieval old-town beside the River Forth. Historically it was strategically important as the "Gateway to the Highlands", with its position near the boundary between the Scottish Lowlands and Highlands, and its crossing of the Forth, the nearest to the river mouth.
Once the capital of Scotland, Stirling contains the Great Hall (restored 1999) and the Renaissance Palace (restoration completed 2011) within the Castle that rivalled any building in Europe at the time. Stirling also has its medieval parish church, The Church of the Holy Rude, where King James VI was crowned King of Scots on 29 July 1567. The Holy Rude still functions as living church with a service every Sunday.
Stirling is a centre for local government, higher education, retail, and light industry. Its population in 2008 was 33,710, for Stirling itself, the wider urban area including Bridge of Allan and Bannockburn has a population of 45,750. This makes it the smallest city in Scotland: indeed it is smaller than many of Scotland's larger towns.
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Surrey
Surrey /ˈsʌri/ is a county in the South East of England, and one of the home counties. The county borders Greater London, Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex, Hampshire, and Berkshire. The historic county town is Guildford.Surrey County Council sits at Kingston upon Thames, although this has been part of Greater London since 1965. The London boroughs of Lambeth, Wandsworth and Southwark were considered part of Surrey until 1889; and Croydon, Kingston, Merton, Sutton, Barnes and Richmond - all now reclassified as part of Greater London - were part of Surrey until 1965.
Surrey is divided into 11 boroughs and districts: Elmbridge, Epsom and Ewell, Guildford, Mole Valley, Reigate and Banstead, Runnymede, Spelthorne, Surrey Heath, Tandridge, Waverley, Woking. After the elections of 1 May 2008, the Conservatives are in control of 10 out of 11 councils in Surrey, with Epsom and Ewell in Residents Association control. The Conservatives hold all 11 Parliamentary constituencies within the county borders.
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Surrey Heath
Surrey Heath is a local government district with Borough status in Surrey, England. Its Council is based in Camberley. Much of the area is within the Metropolitan Green Belt.
Surrey Heath was voted the 6th best place to live in Channel 4's Location, Location, Location 'best and worst' survey.
The district was formed on April 1, 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, as a merger of Frimley and Camberley Urban District, and Bagshot Rural District. The Borough acquired its name because it includes extensive areas of heath and woodland including Chobham Common and Lightwater Country Park.
The Borough is governed by Surrey Heath Borough Council. Parish councils in Surrey Heath are in Bisley with the chairman being Cllr Barry Woodhead; Chobham with the chairman being Cllr Ian AC Taylor; West End with the chairman being Cllr David Elliott and Windlesham (which includes Lightwater and Bagshot) where the chairman is Cllr Keith Hand.
The 3 May 2007 borough elections produced 30 Conservative seats, 7 Liberal Democrat seats, 2 Labour seats and 1 other.
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Swansea
Swansea ( /ˈswɒnzi/ SWONZ-ee; Welsh: Abertawe [abɛrˈtauɛ], "mouth of the Tawe") is a coastal city and county in Wales. Swansea is in the historic county boundaries of Glamorgan. Situated on the sandy South West Wales coast, the county area includes the Gower Peninsula and the Lliw uplands. Swansea had a population of 169,880 in 2001 and is the second most populous city in Wales after Cardiff and the third most populous county in Wales after Cardiff and Rhondda Cynon Taf. During its 19th century industrial heyday, Swansea was one of the key centres of the world copper industry, earning the nickname 'Copperopolis'.
Archaeological finds are mostly confined to the Gower Peninsula, and include items from the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age. The Romans reached the area, as did the Vikings.
Swansea is thought to have originally developed as a Viking trading post. Some think that its name is derived from Sveinn's island (Old Norse: Sveinsey) – the reference to an island may refer to a bank at the mouth of the river Tawe, or perhaps an area of raised ground in marshes. An alternative explanation is that the name derives from the Norse name 'Sweyn' and 'ey', which can mean inlet. The name is pronounced Swans-y /ˈswɒnzi/), not Swan-sea. The Welsh name first appears in Welsh poems at the beginning of the 13th century, as "Aber Tawy".
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Swaythling
Coordinates: 50°56′N 1°23′W / 50.94°N 1.38°W / 50.94; -1.38
Swaythling was once a village but over the years it has gradually become a suburb and electoral ward of Southampton in Hampshire, England. The ward has a population of 13,394.
Today, Swaythling has a large student population thanks mainly to Wessex Lane Halls, one of the largest halls of residence in Europe[citation needed], and the proximity of the University of Southampton. It borders (clockwise from South) Portswood, Highfield, Bassett, Eastleigh, Mansbridge and Townhill Park.
Swaythling is home to Ford's Southampton Assembly Plant, which produces the Transit van.
Recorded as Swæthelinge in 909 AD, the origins of the name Swaythling are uncertain. It is widely thought that the name originally referred to the stream that runs through the area, now known as Monks Brook; the Old English word swætheling is believed to mean "misty stream".
Swaythling originally formed part of the Parish of South Stoneham, which encompassed Eastleigh and almost all of the land between Swaythling and the Bargate, in Southampton City Centre. The parish church was St. Mary's; the present building is one of Southampton's two medieval churches. It is accessible from Wessex Lane, down a short track between Connaught Hall and South Stoneham House (both now halls of residence serving the University of Southampton).
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Tadley
Coordinates: 51°21′02″N 1°08′15″W / 51.3506°N 1.1376°W / 51.3506; -1.1376
Tadley is a town and civil parish in the English county of Hampshire.
During the 1950s and 1960s, the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment (AWRE), now known as AWE, became the area's largest employer, and a large number of houses were built during this period to accommodate AWRE workers. Though the establishment was located in the parish of Aldermaston, most of these houses were built in Tadley.
The origin of the name is uncertain. In old maps and books Tadley can be found spelled as Taddanleage, Tederlei, Titherley, Tudurley, Tadel and Taddeley. As with many other rural British communities, it is assumed that the village began as a clearing in the dense forest which at one time covered the greater part of England. In Old English, Tadde means 'Toad' or 'Frog' and ley being 'a clearing in the woods', so it possibly means "a clearing in the woods with frogs". Most sources, however, say that the name means "woodland clearing of a man called Tada".
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Tandridge (district)
Tandridge is a local government district in Surrey, England containing part of the North Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, part of the Weald and the towns of Warlingham, Caterham, Oxted, Godstone and Lingfield. The area has several woodlands and some open heathland. Elevations range from 267m at Botley Hill, North Downs to 42m above sea level near Edenbridge. The district council offices are in Oxted.
It is named for a hillside village and slope on the south slope of the North Downs, Tandridge. The early local government Tandridge hundred of Surrey covered roughly the same area. Through the 19th century, hundreds lost relevance and urban and rural districts replaced any remaining functions in 1894.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, by the merger of Caterham and Warlingham urban district along with Godstone Rural District. Since 2000, civil parish councils once again cover the district.
The district is not currently twinned however one of its towns, Lingfield is twinned with Plaisance du Touch, Toulouse, France.
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Teignmouth
Coordinates: 50°33′06″N 3°29′19″W / 50.551596°N 3.488661°W / 50.551596; -3.488661
Teignmouth ( /ˈtɪnməθ/ TIN-məth) is a town and civil parish in Teignbridge in the English county of Devon, situated on the north bank of the estuary mouth of the River Teign about 14 miles south of Exeter. It has a population of 14,413. In 1690, it was the last place in England to be invaded by a foreign power. The town grew from a fishing port associated with the Newfoundland cod industry to a fashionable resort of some note in Georgian times, with further expansion after the opening of the South Devon Railway in 1846. Today, its port still operates and the town remains a popular seaside holiday location.
The first record of Teignmouth, Tengemuða, meaning mouth of the stream, was in 1044. There were originally two villages, East and West Teignmouth, separated by a stream called the Tame, which emptied into the Teign through marshland by the current fish quay. Neither village is mentioned in the Domesday Book, but East Teignmouth was granted a market by charter in 1253 and one for West Teignmouth followed a few years later. The Tame now runs under the town in culverts and is only visible higher up the town as Brimley Brook, joined by smaller streams such as the Winterbourne (an intermittent stream, which flows only in winter or at long intervals).
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Test Valley
Test Valley is a local government district and borough in Hampshire, England, named after the valley of the River Test. Its council is based in Andover.
The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 by a merger of the boroughs of Andover and Romsey, along with Andover Rural District and Romsey and Stockbridge Rural District.
Test Valley covers some 250 square miles (650 km2) of western Hampshire, stretching from boundaries with Southampton in the south to Newbury in the north. Test Valley is a predominantly rural area. It encompasses the North Wessex Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
The River Test is the centrepiece of the Test Valley; the river is a world renowned chalk stream of particular beauty and famous for its fishing, salmon and trout, which Lord Crickhowell (onetime chairman of the National Rivers Authority) said 'should be treated as a great work of art or music'. Home of the Houghton Fishing Club, an exclusive fishing club founded in 1822, which meets in the Grosvenor Hotel in Stockbridge.
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Thanet
Thanet is a local government district of Kent, England which was formed under the Local Government Act 1972, and came into being on 1 April 1974. The Isle of Thanet makes up the major part of the District.
The district, which is governed by Thanet District Council, is located on the north eastern tip of Kent, and is predominantly coastal, with north, east and southeast facing coastlines. It is bordered by the City of Canterbury district to the west, and the Dover district to the south. The main towns in the district are Margate, Ramsgate and Broadstairs.
The Isle of Thanet is the major part of the Thanet District. Formed over 7000 years ago and separated from the mainland by the Wantsum Channel, it has always borne the brunt of invasions from the Continent. An Isle of Thanet Rural District had existed from the Local Government Act 1894 until it was abolished in 1935 to form part of Eastry Rural District. The current District was formed in 1974, by the addition of the area over which was once the Wantsum Channel, including the settlement of Sarre.
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The Gregg School
Coordinates: 50°55′52″N 1°21′29″W / 50.931°N 1.358°W / 50.931; -1.358
The Gregg School is a non academically selective independent day school in Townhill Park, Southampton, Hampshire, UK. It is currently situated in Townhill Park House, where it has been since 1994. Founded in Southampton in 1901 it now has a roll of over 300 and over 50 staff, it is open to students of all abilities, and its learning support department holds a high reputation[citation needed]. The School's head, Mr Hart retired in 2010 and was replaced by Mrs Sellers. The school's trust also owns St Winifred's School, an independent school for 2-11 year olds. The latest ISI inspection report can be found here: Report
An annual musical is held in Easter half term for parents and students to watch. It is open to year 11 students and year 10 drama students. Lower school students can participate in the dancing and chorus.
Also, around the Christmas period, many musical concerts are held including one at Alton Abbey and the Turner Sims Concert hall in Southampton. The Wind Band, Choir, Jazz Band, Orchestra and Rock Band regularly practise and other concerts can be heard throughout the year.
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Thurrock
Thurrock is a unitary authority with borough status in the English ceremonial county of Essex. It is part of the London commuter belt and an area of regeneration within the Thames Gateway redevelopment zone. The local authority is Thurrock Council.
It lies on the River Thames just to the east of London. With over 18 miles (29 km) of riverfront it covers an area of 64 square miles (166 km²), with more than half defined as Green Belt. With Greater London to the west and the river to the south, the county of Essex abuts the Borough to the north and east, and across the river lies Kent.
The local authority is Thurrock Council. Elections are held 3 out of every 4 years. In the last election in 2012, Labour took control after a period in which no party had overall control.
Thurrock is covered by two parliamentary constituencies. Thurrock includes most of the borough while South Basildon and East Thurrock includes some wards in the east of the borough. Both seats were Conservative gains from Labour at the 2010 general election.
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Townhill Park
Coordinates: 50°55′51″N 1°21′28″W / 50.9308°N 1.3579°W / 50.9308; -1.3579
Townhill Park is a suburb of Southampton, England, bordering Swaythling, Bitterne Park and West End. It is built on land which once belonged to the house which carries the same name.
The Manor of Townhill was granted to Sir William Paulet by Henry VIII in 1536 after the Dissolution of the Monasteries. The land was mainly used for farming, and became known as Townhill Farm.
Townhill Farm became part of the Manor of South Stoneham, but was purchased in 1787 by Nathaniel Middleton, who had made his fortune in the service of the British East India Company. He turned the farmhouse into a private home, and the estate became known as Townhill Park. He enlarged the farmhouse, but a fire resulted in a complete revamp of the property in 1793. The property later passed into the hands of the Gater family, who also owned the nearby Gater's Mill in Mansbridge.
In 1897, Townhill Farm was purchased by Samuel Montagu, 1st Baron Swaythling, for his son Louis (who became the second Baron Swaythling in 1911). In 1912, extensive further modiciations were made to the building by architect Leonard Rome Guthrie. The gardens at Townhill Park were laid out by Gertrude Jekyll and were noted for their rhododendrons, azaleas and camellias. The Montagu Family lived in Townhill Park until the mid 1940s.
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Trieste
Trieste (/triːˈɛst/;Italian pronunciation: [triˈɛste] listen (help·info); Slovene: Trst, German: Triest) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city. Trieste is located at the head of the Gulf of Trieste and throughout history it has been influenced by its location at the crossroads of Germanic, Latin and Slavic cultures. In 2009, it had a population of about 205,000 and it is the capital of the autonomous region Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Trieste province.
Trieste was one of the oldest parts of the Habsburg Monarchy from 1382 until 1918. In the 19th century, it was the most important port of one of the Great Powers of Europe. As a prosperous seaport in the Mediterranean region, Trieste became the fourth largest city of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (after Vienna, Budapest, and Prague). In the fin-de-siecle period, it emerged as an important hub for literature and music. However, the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Trieste's union to Italy after World War I led to some decline of its "Mittel-European" cultural and commercial importance. Enjoying an economic revival during the 1930s and throughout the Cold War, Trieste was an important spot in the struggle between the Eastern and Western blocs. Today, the city is in one of the richest regions of Italy, and has been a great centre for shipping, through its port (Port of Trieste), shipbuilding and financial services.
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Troon
Coordinates: 55°32′N 4°40′W / 55.54°N 4.66°W / 55.54; -4.66
Troon is a town in South Ayrshire. It is situated on the west coast of Scotland, about eight miles north of Ayr and three miles northwest of Glasgow Prestwick International Airport. Lying across the Firth of Clyde, the Isle of Arran can be seen. Troon is also a port with freight and ferry services — the P&O Express to Larne and a yacht marina. In May 2006, a ferry service to Campbeltown was added, although this was withdrawn the following year.
In the 2001 census the population of Troon, not including the nearby village of Loans but including the Barassie area, was estimated at 14,766 — a 4.77% increase on the 1991 estimate of 14,094.
The name Troon is likely from a Brythonic or Pictish name cognate with Welsh trwyn ("nose, cape"). When Scottish Gaelic became the main language, it is possible that the Gaelic form An t-Sròn ("the nose") pronounced [ənˠ̪ t̪ʰɾɔːn] was used for the name Troon. Since the words sròn and trwyn are cognate, it could have been easily adapted from one language to the other. This is similar to the Gaelic name of Stranraer (An t-Sròn Reamhar, the fat nose), which lies further south on the coast. However, it is not certain if An t-Sròn was the Gaelic name, as its usage cannot be traced back any further than Johnston’s Place-names of Scotland (1932). It is more likely that a gaelicized respelling, such as An Trùn, was used.
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Truro
Coordinates: 50°15′36″N 5°03′04″W / 50.260°N 5.051°W / 50.260; -5.051
Truro ( /ˈtrʊəroʊ/; Cornish: Truru) is a city and civil parish in Cornwall, England. The city is the centre for administration, leisure and retail in Cornwall, with a population recorded in the 2001 census of 17,431. Truro urban statistical area, which includes parts of surrounding parishes, has a 2001 census population of 20,920. It is the only city in the county, and the most southern city in Great Britain. People from Truro are known as Truronians.
Truro initially grew as an important centre of trade from its port and then as a stannary town for the mining industry. The city is well known for its cathedral (completed in 1910), cobbled streets, open spaces and Georgian architecture. Places of interest include the Royal Cornwall Museum, the Hall for Cornwall, Cornwall's Courts of Justice and Cornwall Council.
The origin of Truro's name is debated. It is said to be derived from the Cornish tri-veru meaning "three rivers", but references such as the Oxford Dictionary of English Place Names reject this theory. At best, the "tru" part could mean "three", though this is doubtful. An expert on Cornish place-names, Oliver Padel, in his book A popular dictionary of Cornish place-names wrote that the 'three rivers' meaning is "possible".
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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Vale of White Horse
The Vale of White Horse is a local government district of Oxfordshire in England. The main town is Abingdon, other places include Faringdon and Wantage. There are 68 parishes within the district. The current Leader of the Council is Matthew Barber.
It is a geographically distinct region, lying between the Berkshire Downs and the River Thames, named after the prehistoric Uffington White Horse. The district was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, from the Municipal Borough of Abingdon, Wantage Urban District, Abingdon Rural District, Faringdon Rural District and part of the Wantage Rural District of Berkshire. The southern border of the district roughly approximates the Ridgeway Path. The area is often referred to as the ‘Vale of the White Horse’.
It is the valley of the Ock, a stream which joins the Thames from the West at Abingdon. The Vale is almost flat and well-wooded; its green meadows and foliage contrasting richly with the bald summits of the Berkshire Downs, which flank it on the south. The numerous elm trees, that once were a major feature of the Vale, were lost to Dutch Elm Disease. To the North, a low ridge separates it from the upper Thames Valley, holding back the soft Jurassic sedimentary deposits (Greensand, Gault and Kimmeridge Clay) behind a hard corallian limestone escarpment ridge, in what is technically a hanging valley; but local usage sometimes extends the vale to cover all the ground between the Cotswolds (on the north) and the Berkshire Downs. According to the geographical definition, however, the Vale is from two to five miles wide, and the distance by road from Abingdon to Shrivenham at its head is 18 miles.
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Warrington
Warrington is a town, borough and unitary authority area of Cheshire, England. It stands on the banks of the River Mersey, which is tidal to the west of the weir at Howley. It lies 16 miles east of Liverpool, 19 miles west of Manchester and 8 miles south of St Helens. The population of the borough is 198,900. Its population has more than doubled since its designation as a New Town in 1968.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Warrington was founded by the Romans at an important crossing place on the River Mersey. A new settlement was established by the Saxons and by the Middle Ages, Warrington had emerged as a market town at a bridging point of the river. A local tradition of textile and tool production dates from this time.
The expansion and urbanisation of Warrington largely coincided with the Industrial Revolution, particularly after the Mersey was made navigable in the 18th century. The West Coast Mainline runs north to south through the town, and the Liverpool to Manchester railway (the Cheshire Lines route) west to east. The Manchester Ship Canal cuts through the south of the borough (west to east). The M6, M56 and M62 motorways form a partial box around the town.
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Waterlooville
Coordinates: 50°53′N 1°02′W / 50.88°N 1.03°W / 50.88; -1.03
Waterlooville is a town in Hampshire, England, approximately 8 miles north of Portsmouth.
The town has a population of about 20,000 and is surrounded by Purbrook, Blendworth, Cowplain, Lovedean, Clanfield, Catherington, Crookhorn, Denmead, Hambledon, Horndean and Widley. It forms part of the South Hampshire conurbation. The town formed around the old A3 London to Portsmouth road.
Waterlooville is twinned with Maurepas, Yvelines in France and Henstedt-Ulzburg in Germany.
Legend has it that it was named after the pub that stood at the centre of town, then known as Waitland End. The Heroes of Waterloo was so named because, on its opening day, in 1815, soldiers who had just disembarked at Portsmouth, returning from the Battle of Waterloo, decided to stop there and celebrate their victory. According to local legend, many of them settled there. The public house was renamed in their honour and the area around the pub became known as Waterlooville.
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Wealden
Coordinates: 50°59′56″N 0°12′43″E / 50.999°N 0.212°E / 50.999; 0.212
Wealden is a local government district in East Sussex, England: its name comes from the Weald, the area of high land which occupies the centre of its area.
Wealden District was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, by the merger of the Hailsham and Uckfield Rural District Councils (RDCs), both set up under the Local Government Act 1894, which also revived the parish councils. It is one of three Districts within the county and is the central one: the other two being Lewes to the west, and Rother to the east.
Wealden District Council is elected every 4 years, with the Conservative party having had a majority on the council since the first election in 1973, apart from a couple of years after 1995 when no party had a majority. As of the last election in 2011 the council is composed of the following councillors:-
The district is second-level in local government. There are 55 members of the Council, representing 35 wards. The towns have more than one ward: Crowborough has five; Hailsham, three; Heathfield, two; Polegate, two; and Uckfield, four. The ward boundaries are regularly redrawn in an attempt to maintain a standard elector per councillor ratio throughout the district. The ward boundaries as at 2007 are:
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Wells
Coordinates: 51°12′26″N 2°39′07″W / 51.2073°N 2.6519°W / 51.2073; -2.6519
Wells is a cathedral city and civil parish in the Mendip district of Somerset, England, on the southern edge of the Mendip Hills. Although the population recorded in the 2001 census is 10,406, it has had city status since 1205. It is the second smallest English city in terms of area and population after the City of London although, unlike the latter, Wells is not part of a larger metropolitan conurbation, and is consequently described in some sources as being England's smallest city.
The name Wells derives from the three wells dedicated to Saint Andrew, one in the market place and two within the grounds of the Bishop's Palace and cathedral. There was a small Roman settlement around the wells, but its importance grew under the Saxons when King Ine of Wessex founded a minster church in 704, around which the settlement grew. Wells became a trading centre and involved in cloth making before its involvement in both the English Civil War and the Monmouth Rebellion during the 17th century. In the 19th century, transport infrastructure improved with stations on three different railway lines.
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West End, Hampshire
Coordinates: 50°55′19″N 1°19′51″W / 50.922°N 1.3309°W / 50.922; -1.3309
The Parish of West End in Hampshire is situated within the borough of Eastleigh, and to the north east of the city of Southampton. As well as the village itself, the parish contains the Chartwell Green suburb of Southampton. The village is small and generally classed as an area in the outer suburbs or rural urban fringe of Eastleigh because of the surrounding woodland and countryside, including Telegraph Woods and Itchen Valley Country Park.
The Village is mainly known for being home of the Rose Bowl, the stadium where Hampshire County Cricket Club plays, and occasionally England.
West End also homes Moorgreen Hospital a classic Victorian building, rich in history, the original St James School, built in 1901, on the high street, and West End Fire Station, which nowadays is a museum in the centre of the village.
A series of round barrows, dating from the Bronze Age (2000-600 BC), have been discovered in the Moorgreen area of the parish. There were five of these, all situated behind (i.e. to the north of) the present Moorgreen Hospital site. A hilltop fort from the Iron Age was built on the ridge above the village around 600-100BC. A shutter telegraph station operated from the site during the Napoleonic Wars, forming part of the line connecting London to Plymouth. It was this station that gave the name to the nearby Telegraph Woods.
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West Oxfordshire
West Oxfordshire is a local government district in north west Oxfordshire, England including towns such as Woodstock, Burford, Chipping Norton, Charlbury, and Witney (where the council is based).
The area is mainly rural downland and forest, the main activities being farming and associated trades.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, by a merger of the municipal boroughs of Chipping Norton and Witney urban district, and Chipping Norton Rural District and Witney Rural District.
West Oxfordshire lies within the River Thames catchment area, with the Thames itself and its tributaries including the River Evenlode and River Windrush running through the area. Parts of the district suffered severe flooding during the 2007 floods in the UK.
Coordinates: 51°47′36″N 1°28′45″W / 51.79333°N 1.47917°W / 51.79333; -1.47917
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West Sussex
West Sussex is a county in the south of England, bordering East Sussex (with Brighton and Hove), Hampshire and Surrey. The county of Sussex has been divided into East and West since the 12th century, and obtained separate county councils in 1888, but it remained a single ceremonial county until 1974 and the coming into force of the Local Government Act 1972. At the same time the Mid Sussex region (including Haywards Heath, Burgess Hill and East Grinstead) was transferred from East Sussex.
West Sussex has a wide range of scenery, including Wealden, Downland and coastal. It has a number of stately homes including Goodwood, Petworth House and Uppark and also castles such as Arundel Castle and Bramber Castle. Over half the county is protected countryside, offering walking, cycling and other recreational opportunities for visitors and residents alike.
Chichester is the county town of West Sussex, and the highest point of the county is Black Down, at 280 metres (919 ft, grid reference SU919296).
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Weston, Southampton
Coordinates: 50°53′10″N 1°22′12″W / 50.8861°N 1.3699°W / 50.8861; -1.3699
Weston is a small suburb on the south-eastern side of Southampton, UK, predominantly built on the Weston Grove Estate formerly owned by the Chamberlayne family. It also includes the area that was previously the Barnfield Estate. Weston includes part of Mayfield Park, which was previously the Mayfield Estate
Weston is bounded by Woolston, Netley and Southampton Water. Its boundary with Woolston is the stream that runs through Mayfield Park[citation needed].
Weston was originally a small fishing community. The earliest references date to the end of the 10th century .
John de Weston is recorded as a Burgess of Southampton in 1332. In the 17th and 18th centuries, there are occasional records of disputes over fishing rights
The Seaweed Hut that used to stand on Weston Shore appears on 17th century maps. It was used to store the fishermens equipment.
In 1424, Ralph Chamberlayne's wife Alice inherited an estate on the east bank of the River Itchen. What that estate contained, how it subsequently changed hands and was split-up is not clear, but at least part of it remained connected with the Chamberlayne family as in 1781, William Chamberlayne inherited what was then the Weston Park Estate from Thomas Dummer.
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Weymouth, Dorset
Coordinates: 50°36′47″N 2°27′25″W / 50.613°N 2.457°W / 50.613; -2.457
Weymouth ( /ˈweɪməθ/) is a seaside town in Dorset, England, situated on a sheltered bay at the mouth of the River Wey on the English Channel coast. The town is 13 kilometres (8 mi) south of Dorchester and 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of the Isle of Portland. The town's population is 52,950 (2006).
The A354 road bridge connects Weymouth to Portland, which together form the borough of Weymouth and Portland. The history of the borough stretches back to the 12th century; including involvement in the spread of the Black Death, the settlement of the Americas, the development of Georgian architecture, and preparations for World War II.
Fishing and trading employ fewer people in the area since their peak in earlier centuries, but tourism has continuously increased its presence in the town since the 18th century and is now the primary industry. Weymouth is a tourist resort, and its economy depends on its harbour and visitor attractions; the town is a gateway situated half-way along the Jurassic Coast, a World Heritage Site on the Dorset and east Devon coast, important for its geology and landforms. Weymouth Harbour is home to cross-channel ferries, pleasure boats and private yachts, and nearby Portland Harbour is home to the Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy, where the sailing events of the 2012 Olympic Games will be held.
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Whiteley
Coordinates: 50°52′53″N 1°15′56″W / 50.88144°N 1.26559°W / 50.88144; -1.26559
Whiteley is a community in the county of Hampshire, England, near Fareham. The development straddles the boundary between two council districts: the Borough of Fareham to the south and east, and the city of Winchester to the north and west. It is believed that the name originates from the white chalk in the soil and the proximity to Lee on the Solent.
Whiteley is located in southern Hampshire between the cities of Portsmouth and Southampton and close to the market town of Fareham. The small development of 3,000 homes is situated close to Junction 9 of the M27 motorway, while rail services are provided nearby at Swanwick railway station.
Whiteley contains a residential community, retail and a business park. Construction of the Solent business park started in the mid 1980s and the first houses were completed in the late 1980s, although construction slowed for a few years following a crash in the British residential property market during the mid 1990s. From 1996 construction recommenced and continues today.[when?]
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Wiltshire
Wiltshire ( /ˈwɪltʃər/ or /ˈwɪltʃɪər/, formerly /ˈwɪlʃər/; or the County of Wilts) is a ceremonial county in South West England. It is landlocked and borders the counties of Dorset, Somerset, Hampshire, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire. It contains the unitary authority of Swindon and covers 3,485 km2 (1,346 square miles). The ancient county town was Wilton, but since 1930 Wiltshire County Council and its successor Wiltshire Council (from 2009) have been based at Trowbridge.
Wiltshire is characterised by its high downland and wide valleys. Salisbury Plain is famous as the location of the Stonehenge and Avebury stone circles and other ancient landmarks and as the main training area in the UK of the British Army. The city of Salisbury is notable for its mediaeval cathedral. Important country houses open to the public include Longleat, near Warminster, and the National Trust's Stourhead, near Mere.
The county, in the 9th century written as Wiltunscir, later Wiltonshire, is named after the former county town of Wilton, itself named after the river Wylye, one of eight rivers which drain the county.
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Winchester
Coordinates: 51°03′48″N 1°18′31″W / 51.0632°N 1.3085°W / 51.0632; -1.3085
Winchester (archaically known as Winton and Wintonceastre) is a historic cathedral city and former capital city of England. It is the county town of Hampshire, in South East England. The city lies at the heart of the wider City of Winchester, a local government district, and is located at the western end of the South Downs, along the course of the River Itchen. At the time of the 2001 Census, Winchester had a population of 41,420.
Winchester developed from the Roman town of Venta Belgarum. Winchester's major landmark is Winchester Cathedral, one of the largest cathedrals in Europe, with the distinction of having the longest nave and overall length of all Gothic cathedrals in Europe. The town is also home to the University of Winchester and the famous public school, Winchester College. The city's architectural and historic interest, and its fast links to other towns and cities have led Winchester to become one of the most expensive and desirable areas of the country. A person who is from or resides in Winchester is sometimes locally known as a Wintonian.
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Wolverhampton
Wolverhamptoni/ˌwʊlvərˈhæmptən/ is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England. For Eurostat purposes Walsall and Wolverhampton is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG35) and is one of five boroughs or unitary districts that comprise the "West Midlands" NUTS 2 region. In 2004, the local government district had an estimated population of 239,100. Wolverhampton is part of the West Midlands Urban Area which had a population of 2.3 million in the 2001 census which makes it part of the second largest urban area in the United Kingdom.
Historically a part of Staffordshire, and forming part of the metropolitan county of the West Midlands from 1974, the city is commonly recognised as being named after King Wulfhere, who established an abbey in 659. The original name being from Wulfereēantūn = "Wulfhere's high or principal enclosure or farm" after the Mercian King. The name Wulfrun is used to denote a later nun who established a church in the city – for example, for the Wulfrun Centre or for Wulfrun Hall.
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Worcester
The City of Worcester, commonly known as Worcester, (i/ˈwʊstər/ WUUS-tər), is a city and county town of Worcestershire in the West Midlands of England. Worcester is situated some 30 miles (48 km) southwest of Birmingham and 29 miles (47 km) north of Gloucester, and has an approximate population of 94,000 people. The River Severn runs through the middle of the city, overlooked by the twelfth-century Worcester Cathedral. The site of the final battle of the Civil War, Worcester was where Oliver Cromwell's New Model Army defeated King Charles II's Cavaliers, resulting in the English Interregnum, the ten-year period during which England and Wales became a republic. Worcester was the home of Royal Worcester Porcelain and the birthplace of the composer Sir Edward Elgar. It houses the Lea and Perrins factory where the traditional Worcestershire Sauce is made, and is home to one of the UK's fastest growing universities, the University of Worcester.
Occupation of the site of Worcester can be dated back to Neolithic times, a village surrounded by defensive ramparts having been founded on the eastern bank of the River Severn in around 400 BC. The position, which commanded a ford on the river, was used in the first century by the Romans to establish what may at first have been a fort on the military route from Glevum (Gloucester) to Viroconium (Wroxeter) but which soon developed – as the frontier of the empire was pushed westwards – into an industrial town with its own pottery kilns and iron-smelting plants.
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Worthing
Worthing ( /ˈwɜrðɪŋ/ WURDH-ing) is a large seaside town with borough status in West Sussex, within the historic County of Sussex, forming part of the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation. It is situated at the foot of the South Downs, 10 miles (16 km) west of Brighton, and 18 miles (29 km) east of the county town of Chichester. The borough covers an area of 12.5 square miles (32.37 km2) and has an estimated population of 103,200.
The area around Worthing has been populated for at least 6,000 years and contains Britain's greatest concentration of Stone Age flint mines, which are some of the earliest mines in Europe. Lying within the borough, the Iron Age hill fort of Cissbury Ring is one of Britain's largest. Worthing means "(place of) Worth/Worō's people", from the Old English personal name Worth/Worō (the name means "valiant one, one who is noble"), and -ingas "people of" (reduced to -ing in the modern name). For many centuries Worthing was a small mackerel fishing hamlet until in the late 18th century it developed into an elegant Georgian seaside resort and attracted the well-known and wealthy of the day. In the 19th and 20th centuries the area was one of Britain's chief market gardening centres.
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Yateley
Coordinates: 51°20′00″N 0°50′19″W / 51.33333°N 0.83871°W / 51.33333; -0.83871
Yateley is a suburban town and civil parish in the English county of Hampshire. It lies in the north-eastern corner of Hart District Council. It includes the settlements of Frogmore and Darby Green. It had a population of 21,011 according to the 2001 census. The four wards that comprise Yateley and their 2001 populations are Yateley East (5,168), Yateley North (5,078), Yateley West (5,149), and Frogmore & Darby Green (5,616). The 2009 projection was 20,214, according to the Hart District Council website . Yateley Town Council is one of the few local councils to have been recognised under the national 'Quality Council' award scheme. In 2011 Hart district was named the UK's most desirable place to live, and Yateley was mentioned on a BBC news article as one of the towns within the district.
Yateley's northern border is the River Blackwater around the Yateley Lakes (including Trilakes Country Park which is actually in the neighbouring parish of Sandhurst in Berkshire). Its southern border is the A30 national route, lined by Yateley Common and Blackbushe Airport. It lies some 35 miles (56 km) west-south-west of London and 15 miles (24 km) south of Reading.
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York
York (locali/ˈjɔːk/) is a walled city, situated at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city has a rich heritage and has provided the backdrop to major political events throughout much of its two millennia of existence. The city offers a wealth of historic attractions, of which York Minster is the most prominent, and a variety of cultural and sporting activities.
The city was founded by the Romans in 71 AD, under the name of Eboracum. It became in turn the capital of the Roman province of Britannia Inferior, and of the kingdoms of Northumbria and Jorvik. In the Middle Ages, York grew as a major wool trading centre and became the capital of the northern ecclesiastical province of the Church of England, a role it has retained.
In the 19th century York became a hub of the railway network and a confectionery manufacturing centre. In recent decades, the economy of York has moved from being dominated by its confectionery and railway-related industries to one that provides services. The University of York and health services have become major employers, whilst tourism has become an important element of the local economy.
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Alan Whitehead
Alan Patrick Vincent Whitehead (born 15 September 1950) is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Southampton Test since 1997.
He went to Isleworth Grammar School and then studied Politics and Philosophy at the University of Southampton, was President of Southampton University Students' Union and holds a PhD in Political Science. From 1979-82 he was Director of OUTSET, then from 1983-92 he worked for BIIT, being Director, both being charities. Before becoming an MP, Dr Whitehead was the Leader of Southampton City Council from 1984 to 1992 and a Professor of Public Policy at Southampton Institute. His name is mentioned by lead singer of Led Zeppelin in a bootleg recording from Southampton University on 22 January 1973. He asks the crowd "who's that geezer whose name is on the bog wall?" to which the crowd reply "Alan Whitehead". The song "Whole Lotta Love" at that performance is dedicated to him.
Whitehead divorced from local Southampton City Councillor Wyn Jeffery, and shortly afterwards remarried to Sophie Wronska in 1979, and they have a son and daughter. He is a member of the Saints Trust and plays in the UK parliamentary football team. After looking at the possibility of being the first MP to install a wind turbine installed on his constituency home roof in Highfield, Southampton, Whitehead installed a number of solar panels that were integrated into the roof. During the summer months, Whitehead says he sells electricity from this source back to the national grid.
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Amy Winehouse
Amy Jade Winehouse (14 September 1983 – 23 July 2011) was an English singer and songwriter known for her powerful deep contralto vocals and her eclectic mix of musical genres including R&B, soul and jazz. Winehouse's 2003 debut album, Frank, was critically successful in the UK and was nominated for the Mercury Prize. Her 2006 follow-up album, Back to Black, led to six Grammy Award nominations and five wins, tying the then record for the most wins by a female artist in a single night, and made Winehouse the first British female to win five Grammys, including three of the "Big Four": Best New Artist, Record of the Year and Song of the Year.
In 2007 she won a Brit Award for Best British Female Artist; she had also been nominated for Best British Album. She won the Ivor Novello Award three times: once in 2004 for Best Contemporary Song (musically and lyrically) for "Stronger Than Me", once in 2007 for Best Contemporary Song for "Rehab", and once in 2008 for Best Song Musically and Lyrically for "Love Is a Losing Game".
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Anglo-Saxons
The term Anglo-Saxon is used by some historians to designate the Germanic tribes who invaded and settled the south and east of Britain beginning in the early 5th century and the period from their creation of the English nation up to the Norman conquest. The Anglo-Saxon era denotes the period of English history between about 550 and 1066. The term is also used for the language, now known as Old English, that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons and their descendants in England (and part of southeastern Scotland) between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century.
The Benedictine monk Bede, writing in the early 8th century, identified the English as the descendants of three Germanic tribes:
Their language, Old English, which derived from Ingvaeonic West Germanic dialects, transformed into Middle English from the 11th century. Old English was divided into four main dialects: West Saxon, Mercian, Northumbrian and Kentish.
The term Anglo-Saxon can be found in documents produced in the time of Alfred the Great, who seems to have frequently used the titles rex Anglorum Saxonum and rex Angul-Saxonum (king of the English Saxons). The Old English terms ænglisc ('Angle-kin') and Angelcynn ('gens Anglorum') had already lost their original sense of referring to the Angles, as distinct from the Saxons, when they are first attested. In their earliest sense they referred to the nation of Germanic peoples who settled eastern Britain from the 5th century.[citation needed] The indigenous Britons, who wrote in both Latin and Welsh, referred to these invaders as 'Saxones' or 'Saeson' – the word Saeson is the modern Welsh word for 'English people'; the equivalent word in Scottish Gaelic is Sasannach and in the Irish language, Sasanach.
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Aqualung (musician)
Matthew "Matt" Hales (born 17 January 1972), better known as Aqualung, is an English singer and songwriter best known in the UK for his song "Strange and Beautiful", which was featured on a television advertisement for the new Volkswagen New Beetle during the summer of 2002 and went on to become a Top 10 hit in the UK Singles Chart later that year. In the United States, Aqualung is also known for the song "Brighter Than Sunshine", which had considerable airplay and was used in the film A Lot Like Love and various television spots.
Hales grew up in Southampton, a city on the south coast of England, where his parents ran an independent record shop. He wanted to be—and indeed was—a musician from an early age, although he said in a BBC interview that there were a couple of years when he was about 12 that he wanted to be a stuntman. At the age of 16, he was awarded a scholarship to study music composition at Winchester College. By the age of 17, he had written his first symphony entitled Life Cycle.
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Benny Hill
Benny Hill (21 January 1924 – 20 April 1992) was an English comedian and actor, notable for his long-running television programme The Benny Hill Show.
Alfred Hawthorne Hill was born in Southampton and attended Taunton's School. During World War II, he was evacuated to Bournemouth.[citation needed]
After leaving school, Hill worked at Woolworth's, as a milkman, a bridge operator, a driver and a drummer before he finally got a foot in the door of the entertainment industry by becoming assistant stage manager with a touring review. He was called up in 1942 and trained as a mechanic, but transferred to the Combined Services Entertainment division before the end of the war. It was there that he met his future agent, Richard Stone, then a colonel.[citation needed]
Inspired by the "star comedians" of British music hall shows, Hill set out to make his mark in show business. For the stage, he changed his first name to 'Benny', in homage to his favourite comedian, Jack Benny. Hill began appearing at working men's clubs and Masonic dinners before moving on to nightclub and theatre jobs. Hill auditioned for Soho's famed Windmill Theatre (home of Revudeville, a popular show of singers, comedians and nude girls), but he was not hired. Hill's first job in professional theatre as a performer was as Reg Varney's straight man, beating a then unknown Peter Sellers to the role.[citation needed]
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Brian Freemantle
Brian Harry Freemantle is an English thriller writer. He was born June 10 1936, in Southampton England. In several of his books, information is given on the back cover about Freemantle's actions in Viet-nam, when he was able to rescue, by helicopter,many homeless orphans.
He has also written as John Maxwell, Jonathan Evans, Jack Winchester and Richard Gant.
Charlie Muffin Novels
Non Fiction
As Richard Gant
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Caroline Nokes
Caroline Fiona Ellen Nokes (born 26 June 1972) is a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom. She is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Romsey and Southampton North in Hampshire.
Caroline Nokes is the daughter of Roy Perry, former MEP for the Wight and Hampshire South constituency.
Nokes was educated at The Romsey School, La Sagesse Convent in Romsey and then Peter Symonds' College, Winchester, going on to read politics at the University of Sussex from 1991 to 1994.
Nokes worked for her father between 1994 and 2004. She is also a former chief executive of the National Pony Society.
Nokes is a member of Test Valley Borough Council from 1999, when she was elected as a Councillor for the Romsey Extra Ward; her term is due to end in 2011.
She was the Conservative Parliamentary Candidate for the Southampton Itchen constituency in the 2001 general election; and Romsey constituency in the 2005 general election, declaring, in a photoshoot for a women’s glossy magazine on the "hottest candidates" for election, “I’ve been told I’m too pretty to be in politics.”
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Charles Fryatt
Charles Algernon Fryatt (2 December 1872 – 27 July 1916) was a British mariner who was executed by the Germans for attempting to ram a U-boat in 1915. When his ship, the SS Brussels, was captured off Holland in 1916, he was court-martialled and sentenced to death although he was a civilian non combatant. International outrage followed his execution near Bruges, Belgium. In 1919, his body was reburied with full honours in the United Kingdom.
Fryatt was born on 2 December 1872 in Southampton, the son of Charles and Mary Fryatt. He attended Freemantle School in the late 1870s. In 1881, Fryatt's family lived at 22 Trinity Terrace, in St Mary's, Southampton, but later moved to Harwich, Essex where he attended the Corporation School. He and his wife, Ethel, had seven children; six girls and one boy. The children were Olive, Victoria, Doris, Vera, Mabel, Charles and Dorothy. The younger Charles later followed his father into the merchant navy, training at HMS Worcester.
On leaving school, Fryatt entered the Mercantile Marine, serving on SS County Antrim, SS Ellenbank, SS Marmion and SS Harrogate. In 1892, Fryatt joined the Great Eastern Railway as a seaman on SS Ipswich. Fryatt's father had been the First Officer on SS Cambridge. Fryatt rose through the ranks, serving on various ships. His first command was SS Colchester. In 1913, he was appointed master of SS Newmarket.
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Chris Barfoot
Chris Barfoot (born Christopher John Barfoot on 7 September 1966) is a British actor, writer/director and producer of film productions.
Barfoot was born in Southampton to Eileen Ann a company secretary and John Montague a carpenter and surveyor. Barfoot has two brothers (Paul and Timothy) and one daughter (Bianca). Barfoot is also a member of BAFTA (the British Academy of Film and Television Arts).
Barfoot attended school in Swanmore, Hampshire. He left in 1983 and entered the world of construction erecting steel, working in Scandinavia and the Canary Islands with his father (John) for the oil companies. When he returned to the UK he attempted to realise his primary ambition - to become an actor or a television presenter. Inexperienced, he failed a RADA audition and sought out Lee Peck (a RADA failure and an ex TV presenter living in Southampton). Peck advised Barfoot to start at the bottom, by joining a hospital radio station - so Barfoot signed up with Winchester's Hospitals Radio. He presented for a year and then quit to go back to college on a two-year media course as a mature student. He enrolled at Highbury College, Portsmouth, where lecturer Andy Birtwistle inspired him to become a filmmaker.
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Chris Nicholl
Christopher John "Chris" Nicholl (born 12 October 1946) is an English-born former Northern Ireland international footballer who later worked as a coach and manager.
Nicholl was born in Macclesfield. He played for Burnley (1963–1966) (no league appearances), Witton Albion, Halifax Town (1968–1969) (42 league appearances, 3 goals) and Luton Town (1969–1972) (97 league appearances, 6 goals), before establishing himself as a centre-half with Aston Villa (1972–1977) (210 league appearances, 11 goals). He captained the side to victory over Everton in the 1976/1977 League Cup after two final replays. The second replay is remembered for Nicholl scoring one of the greatest goals in any Aston Villa match, a forty yard left footer which helped take the match to extra time.
In a Division One game against Leicester City in 1976, he scored all four goals (two of them own goals) in a 2-2 draw.
He signed for Southampton in June 1977 and became the backbone of a successful side. He scored eight goals in 228 league appearances, before joining Grimsby Town in August 1983, for whom he made 70 league appearances in three years.
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Chris Packham
Christopher Gary "Chris" Packham (born 4 May 1961) is an English naturalist, nature photographer, television presenter and author. He is the brother of fashion designer, Jenny Packham. He lives in the New Forest with his zookeeper girlfriend Charlotte and 16-year-old stepdaughter Megan.
Packham was educated at Bitterne Park Secondary School,Taunton's College, and the University of Southampton, where he received a BSc in Zoology. After graduating he cancelled his study towards a PhD to train as a wildlife cameraman.
Chris is known for his television appearances, notably in the BAFTA-winning BBC1 children's programme The Really Wild Show and nature photography series Wild Shots on Channel 4, as well as the BBC One series The X Creatures and BBC Two's Hands on Nature and Nature's Calendar. He was until recently the lead presenter on the BBC South region's version of the BBC local television series Inside Out, and also works on BBC South East Inside Out with Kaddy Lee-Preston. In June 2009, he became a presenter on the BBC Two nature programme Springwatch, going on to present the series in 2010 and 2011.
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David Bowie
David Bowie ( /ˈboʊ.i/ BOH-ee; born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947) is an English musician, actor, record producer and arranger. A major figure for over four decades in the world of popular music, Bowie is widely regarded as an innovator, particularly for his work in the 1970s. He is known for his distinctive voice and the intellectual depth and eclecticism of his work.
Bowie first caught the eye and ear of the public in July 1969, when his song "Space Oddity" reached the top five of the UK Singles Chart. After a three-year period of experimentation he re-emerged in 1972 during the glam rock era with the flamboyant, androgynous alter ego Ziggy Stardust, spearheaded by the hit single "Starman" and the album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars. Bowie's impact at that time, as described by biographer David Buckley, "challenged the core belief of the rock music of its day" and "created perhaps the biggest cult in popular culture." The relatively short-lived Ziggy persona proved merely one facet of a career marked by continual reinvention, musical innovation and striking visual presentation.
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Edward III
Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377) was King of England from 1327 until his death and is noted for his military success. Restoring royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father, Edward II, Edward III went on to transform the Kingdom of England into one of the most formidable military powers in Europe. His reign saw vital developments in legislation and government—in particular the evolution of the English parliament—as well as the ravages of the Black Death. He remains one of only six monarchs to have ruled England or its successor kingdoms for more than fifty years.
Edward was crowned at the age of fourteen, following the deposition of his father. When he was only seventeen years old, he led a coup against the de facto ruler of the country, his mother's consort Roger Mortimer, and began his personal reign. After a successful campaign in Scotland in 1333, he declared himself rightful heir to the French throne in 1337, starting what would become known as the Hundred Years' War. Following some initial setbacks, the war went exceptionally well for England; the victories of Crécy and Poitiers led to the highly favourable Treaty of Brétigny. Edward's later years, however, were marked by international failure and domestic strife, largely as a result of his inactivity and bad health.
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Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms, and head of the 54-member Commonwealth of Nations. She is also head of state of the Crown Dependencies.
Elizabeth was born in London, and educated privately at home. Her father acceded to the throne as George VI in 1936 on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII. She began to undertake public duties during the Second World War, in which she served in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. On the death of her father in 1952, she became Head of the Commonwealth and queen regnant of seven independent Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon. Her coronation service in 1953 was the first to be televised. Between 1956 and 1992, the number of her realms varied as territories gained independence and some realms became republics. Today, in addition to the first four aforementioned countries, Elizabeth is Queen of Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis.
wn.com/Elizabeth_II -
Henry V of England
Henry V (16 September 1386 – 31 August 1422) was King of England from 1413 until his death at the age of 35 in 1422. He was the second English monarch who came from the House of Lancaster.
After military experience fighting various lords who rebelled against his father, Henry IV, Henry came into political conflict with the increasingly ill king. After his father's death, Henry rapidly assumed control of the country and embarked on war with France. From an unassuming start, his military successes in the Hundred Years' War, culminating with his famous victory at the Battle of Agincourt, saw him come close to conquering France. After months of negotiation with Charles VI of France, the Treaty of Troyes recognized Henry V as regent and heir-apparent to the French throne, and he was subsequently married to Charles' daughter, Catherine of Valois. Following Henry V's sudden death in France of dysentery, he was succeeded by his infant son, who reigned as Henry VI.
Henry features in three plays by William Shakespeare. He is shown as a young scapegrace who redeems himself in battle in the two Henry IV plays and as a decisive leader in Henry V.
wn.com/Henry_V_of_England -
Isaac Watts
Isaac Watts (17 July 1674 – 25 November 1748) was an English hymnwriter, theologian and logician. A prolific and popular hymnwriter, he was recognised as the "Father of English Hymnody", credited with some 650 hymns. Many of his hymns remain in use today, and have been translated into many languages.
Born in Southampton, England, in 1674, Watts was brought up in the home of a committed religious Nonconformist — his father, also Isaac Watts, had been incarcerated twice for his controversial views. At King Edward VI School (where one of the houses is now named "Watts" in his honour), Watts learned Latin, Greek and Hebrew.
From an early age, Watts displayed a propensity for rhyme. Once, he had to explain how he came to have his eyes open during prayers:
Receiving corporal punishment for this, he cried:
Watts, unable to go to either Oxford or Cambridge on account of his non-conformity, went to the Dissenting Academy at Stoke Newington in 1690, and much of his life centred around that village, which is now part of Inner London.
wn.com/Isaac_Watts -
Iwan Thomas
Iwan Gwyn Thomas MBE (born 5 January 1974 in Farnborough, London Borough of Bromley) is a sprinter who represented Great Britain and Northern Ireland at the Olympic Games in the 400 m, and Wales at the Commonwealth Games. Thomas is the current UK record holder at 400 m with a time of 44.36 seconds and is a former European and Commonwealth games champion. He is also the current holder of the Commonwealth Games record in the 400 m.
His initial athletics breakthrough came at the World Junior Championships in 1992 as part of the British 4x400 m relay team that finished 5th. Thomas Stamford School and West London Institute of Higher Education, where he studied Sports Science and Geography. While still at university, he took part in the 1994 Commonwealth Games 400 m where he reached the semi-finals, representing Wales. From there, he was selected to represent Britain in the relay at the 1995 European Athletics Cup and secured his first championship gold medal.
Thomas's coach for much of his running career was Mike Smith, formerly coach to British 400 m runners Roger Black and Todd Bennett and also hurdler Kris Akabusi. Thomas was awarded an MBE in 1998.
wn.com/Iwan_Thomas -
Jane Austen
Jane Austen (16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist whose works of romantic fiction, set among the landed gentry, earned her a place as one of the most widely read writers in English literature. Her realism and biting social commentary has gained her historical importance among scholars and critics.
Austen lived her entire life as part of a close-knit family located on the lower fringes of the English landed gentry. She was educated primarily by her father and older brothers as well as through her own reading. The steadfast support of her family was critical to her development as a professional writer. Her artistic apprenticeship lasted from her teenage years into her thirties. During this period, she experimented with various literary forms, including the epistolary novel which she tried then abandoned, and wrote and extensively revised three major novels and began a fourth. From 1811 until 1816, with the release of Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814) and Emma (1816), she achieved success as a published writer. She wrote two additional novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, both published posthumously in 1818, and began a third, which was eventually titled Sanditon, but died before completing it.
wn.com/Jane_Austen -
John Yorke Denham
John Yorke Denham FRSA (born 15 July 1953) is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Southampton Itchen since 1992. He has previously served in the Cabinet, as Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills from 2007 to 2009, and then as the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government from 2009 to 2010. He was the Shadow Business Secretary in Ed Miliband's Shadow Cabinet from 2010 to 2011, when he announced that he would be standing down as an MP at the next election, and retired from the front-bench in order to become Miliband's Parliamentary Private Secretary.
John Denham was born in Seaton, Devon and was at the Woodroffe Comprehensive School on Uplyme Road in Lyme Regis, Dorset, and the University of Southampton, where he took a BSc in Chemistry, and was President of the Students' Union in the academic year 1976-7.
After leaving education in 1977 he became an advice worker at the Energy Advice Agency in Durham, before becoming a transport campaigner with Friends of the Earth in 1978. He was Head of Youth Affairs at the British Council from 1979 until 1983, and was responsible for public education and advocacy for War on Want from 1984 to 1988. He subsequently worked for Christian Aid, Oxfam and other development agencies until his election to Westminster.
wn.com/John_Yorke_Denham -
Juan Manuel de Rosas
Juan Manuel de Rosas (born Juan Manuel José Domingo Ortiz de Rozas y López de Osornio; March 30, 1793 – March 14, 1877), was an Argentine military officer and politician, who was elected governor of the province of Buenos Aires in 1829 to 1835, and then of the Argentine Confederation from 1835 until 1852, ruling the country as Dictator. He was forced to resign after his defeat at the Battle of Caseros against an army gathered by Justo José de Urquiza.
He was the son of León Ortiz de Rosas y de la Cuadra and wife Agustina Teresa López de Osornio. Born to one of the wealthiest families in the Río de la Plata region, Rosas ran away from home at a young age and began working in the fields of his cousins Juan José and Nicolás Anchorena. He modified his last name from "Rozas" to "Rosas" and removed the "Ortiz" part of it. At the age of 13, he fought during the British invasions of the Rio de la Plata, joining the forces led by Santiago de Liniers that drove the British out of Buenos Aires. He also fought during the second ill-fated British invasion, joining the Regiment of Migueletes.
wn.com/Juan_Manuel_de_Rosas -
Kate Nash
Kate Marie Nash (born 6 July 1987) is an English singer, songwriter and musician. She had a UK number-2 hit "Foundations" in 2007, followed by the platinum-selling UK number-1 album Made of Bricks. She was named Best Female Artist at the 2008 BRIT Awards.
Her second studio album, entitled My Best Friend Is You, was released in the United Kingdom on 19 April 2010 and in the U.S. on 11 May 2010. It spawned her second biggest chart hit to date, the single "Do-Wah-Doo".
Nash is currently signed to The Island Def Jam Motown Ireland Group.
Nash was born on 6 July 1987 in Harrow, London to an English father, Steven Nash, and an Irish mother, Marie (née Walsh). Marie is a nurse in a hospice. Nash learned to play the piano while at at Sandbach School. She was raised as a Roman Catholic and attended St. John Fisher School, Pinner, before moving onto the St Joan of Arc Catholic School, Rickmansworth. She was also taught guitar by Saskia van Berkel and studied Theatre at the BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology in South London. She auditioned at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School, but was rejected. Soon afterward, she fell down a flight of stairs, breaking her foot. During her recovery, she was housebound and unable to move, so her mother bought her an electric guitar. Nash used this time to focus on her songwriting: she began to write some new songs, finish old ones and decided that she would book a gig at a local bar ("Trinity") in Harrow to showcase her songs.[citation needed]
wn.com/Kate_Nash -
Lawrie McMenemy
Lawrie McMenemy MBE (born Gateshead, 26 July 1936) is a retired English football coach, best known for his spell as manager of Southampton Football Club. Lawrie McMenemy is rated in the Guinness Book of Records as one of the twenty most successful managers in post-war English football.
McMenemy, an ex-Coldstream Guardsman,[citation needed] started his footballing career with Newcastle United although he never appeared in their first team, before moving to Gateshead in the late 1950s, but McMenemy joined the club after they had left the Football League. An injury ended his career in 1961, but he moved into coaching instead, spending three years in coaching at the club.
In 1964 he was appointed manager of non-league Bishop Auckland and transformed them from a struggling side into Northern League champions and also took them to the third round of the FA Cup.
McMenemy then moved to Sheffield Wednesday where he spent two years as a coach before he got his big break as manager of Doncaster Rovers where he remained until May 1971, winning the Fourth Division Championship in 1968–69.
wn.com/Lawrie_McMenemy -
Matthew Le Tissier
Matthew Le Tissier ( /ləˈtɪsi.eɪ/) is a retired, Guernsey-born, English footballer. Le Tissier spent his entire club career with Southampton and gained eight caps for the England national football team. An attacking midfielder with exceptional technical skills, Le Tissier is the second-highest ever scorer for Southampton behind Mick Channon and was voted PFA Young Player of the Year in 1990. He was the first midfielder to score 100 goals in the Premier League. He is notable for his record at scoring penalty kicks, converting from the spot 47 times from 48 attempts and is considered one of the greatest ever from the 12 yard spot.
In spite of interest from bigger clubs such as Tottenham Hotspur in 1990 and Chelsea in 1996, Le Tissier remained at Southampton for his entire professional career, his loyalty garnering special affection from Southampton's fans who nicknamed him "Le God".
Following the end of his playing career, Le Tissier became a football pundit, and currently works as a panelist on Sky Sports show Soccer Saturday. In 2011 he became Honorary President of Guernsey FC.
wn.com/Matthew_Le_Tissier -
Moss (band)
Moss is a three-piece english doom metal band that formed in 2000. Influenced by H. P. Lovecraft and the occult, songs usually average the 20 minute mark and incorporate dense and otherworldly atmospheres. Despite the use of extreme bass frequencies, Moss features no bass guitarist.
Formed in Southampton at the end of 2000, the band consists of Olly Pearson (vocals, Hammond organ), Dom Finbow (guitar) and Chris Chantler (drums). Moss self-released several demo recordings during its early years, the first being in 2001, and also appeared on a number of split records and compilation albums with bands such as Wolfmangler, Nadja, Unearthly Trance, Grief and Torture Wheel.
Live performances by the band are rare, the first gig being on a benefit alldayer during the summer of 2002, with one-off shows in London and Manchester during 2003, bookending the releases of the demos Moss (2001–2003) and Tape of Doom. 2004 saw the most live activity to date; in the summer Moss performed for the first time in Europe at the Ashes to Ashes/Doom to Dust festival over two nights in Ghent, Belgium and Tilburg, Holland. During the winter Moss supported Sunn O))) on a boat, The Thekla. Chantler had temporarily left the band at the start of 2004, first replaced by Andy Semmens of Esoteric, then Jon Wilson, with Chantler to return in December 2004 to join the Cthonic Rites writing and rehearsal sessions.
wn.com/Moss_(band) -
Poles
The Polish people, or Poles (Polish: Polacy [pɔˈlat͡sɨ]; singular: Polak), are a nation indigenous to Poland. They speak the Polish language, which belongs to the historical Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages of Central Europe. The Polish word for a Polish person is "Polak" (masculine) and "Polka" (feminine).
The preamble to the Constitution of the Republic of Poland defines the Polish nation as comprising all the citizens of Poland. Poland's inhabitants live in the following historic regions of the country: Wielkopolska, Małopolska, Mazovia, Pomerania, Warmia, Mazury, Podlasie, Kujawy and Silesia. A wide-ranging Polish diaspora exists throughout Europe (Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Belarus, Lithuania and Ukraine), the Americas (the United States, Brazil and Argentina) and Australia. Chicago, in the United States, has the world's largest urban Polish population after Warsaw.
Over a thousand years ago, the Polans of Giecz, Gniezno and Poznań — an influential tribe in Wielkopolska — succeeded in uniting Lechitic tribes under what became the Piast dynasty, thus giving rise to the Polish state.
wn.com/Poles -
Scott Mills
Scott Robert Mills (born 28 March 1973) is a British radio DJ, television presenter and occasional actor, best known for presenting The Scott Mills Show on BBC Radio 1. As of the 2011 Contest, Mills commentates for the semi-finals of the Eurovision Song Contest on BBC Three with fellow BBC Radio DJ Sara Cox.
Mills began his career at the age of 16 as a DJ on his local Hampshire commercial radio station, Power FM, after barraging the station with demo tapes. Mills was given an opportunity to present a week worth of shows, and based on the success of this, he was immediately offered the 'graveyard slot' of 1:00 a.m. – 6:00 a.m. (six nights a week), making him the youngest permanent presenter on the mainstream commercial radio. Mills' popularity led to a quick move to the coveted late afternoon 'drive time'.
Mills moved from Power FM to GWR FM, staying with the station for two years, before joining Piccadilly Key 103 in Manchester where he again moved quickly from the late night slot to the mid-morning show. In 1995, Mills began to work for the new London station Heart 106.2.
wn.com/Scott_Mills -
Suzie Templeton
Suzanah (Suzie) Clare Templeton was born in Hampshire, England on 2/8/1967. She began work as an animator as a child with her older brother. The two children created special effects for her brother's home films.Having only a slight interest in animation as a child, Suzie graduated with a degree in the sciences from University College London. She spent many years traveling the world and doing odd jobs. However, believing not to be skilled enough in science, she switched to the humanities and began work as an English teacher at an Indian woman's shelter and orphanage in her mid-twenties. Templeton was given an image of Nick Park's Wallace and Gromit by her mother, which inspired her to begin work with sculpture, models, and puppets for stop motion animation.
Templeton began her professional career in animation after attempting enrollment at the Surrey Institute of Art and Design (now known as the University for the Creative Arts in Farnham) at the age of 28. After finishing with a BA in animation there, she moved on to the Royal College of Art. Graduating in 2001. Templeton was attracted to the model making and creative process of stop motion due to the solitary and slow process of the medium. At the RCA, she was able to craft her abilities in three dimensional work and story telling. Not only did she build on her technical abilities, but she also found her own voice and tone in the medium. She began with the impression that she'd work on cartoons (such as Wallace and Gromit) in order to appeal to commercial interests for jobs and work. However, her films have taken a dark and difficult approach. Animation had become an outlet for her darker emotions, rather than appealing to the masses.
wn.com/Suzie_Templeton -
The Verve
The Verve were an English rock band formed in 1989 in Wigan by lead vocalist Richard Ashcroft, guitarist Nick McCabe, bass guitarist Simon Jones and drummer Peter Salisbury. The guitarist and keyboard player Simon Tong later became a member. Beginning with a psychedelic sound indebted to shoegazing and space rock, by the mid-1990s the band had released several EPs and three albums. It also endured name and line-up changes, breakups, health problems, drug abuse and various lawsuits. Filter referred to them as "one of the tightest knit, yet ultimately volatile bands in history". The band's commercial breakthrough was the 1997 album Urban Hymns, one of the best-selling albums in UK Chart history, and the single "Bitter Sweet Symphony", which became a worldwide hit. In 1998, the band won two Brit Awards—winning Best British Group, appeared on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine in March, and in February 1999, "Bitter Sweet Symphony" was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Rock Song.
Soon after this commercial peak, The Verve broke up in April 1999, citing internal conflicts. During an eight year split, Ashcroft dismissed talk of a reunion, saying: "You're more likely to get all four Beatles on stage." The band's original line-up reunited in June 2007, embarking on a tour later that year and releasing the album Forth in August 2008. In 2009, the band broke up for the third time.
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Thomas Tantrum
Thomas Tantrum are an indie pop band from Southampton, England.
Thomas Tantrum consists of Megan Thomas (lead vocals, guitar), Dave Wade Brown (drums, vocals), David Miatt (guitars, vocals), and Jim Shivers (bass, vocals).
English singer-songwriter Lily Allen is considered one of Thomas Tantrum's famous fans. The band gained greater exposure in 2008 after Allen placed them in the "Top Friends" section of her MySpace page. The band spent much of 2008 touring with bands such as The Futureheads, Glasvegas, White Lies and Dirty Pretty Things.
In 2007 Thomas Tantrum performed live at Maida Vale Studios for BBC Radio One. Their performance at Reading Festival in 2008 was also broadcast on BBC 3 for BBC Introducing. The band were featured on the August 27, 2008 broadcast of "In New Music We Trust," a radio program hosted by Huw Stephens on BBC Radio 1. A live version of their single "Work It" (performed at the Reading Festival) was played.
Thomas Tantrum, their self-titled debut album, was released on September 1, 2008.
wn.com/Thomas_Tantrum -
Wally Masur
Wally Masur (b. 13 May 1963, in Southampton, England) is a tennis coach, television commentator, and former professional tennis player from Sydney, Australia.
Masur began playing tennis at the age of 8. In 1980, he won the boy's doubles title at the Australian Open. In 1981, aged 18, he won the Australian Junior Championships. He turned professional in 1982. He was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder.
In 1983, Masur won his first top-level singles title at Hong Kong, and his first tour doubles title at Taipei. He also reached quarter-finals of that year's Australian Open, before being knocked out by John McEnroe.
In 1987, Masur won his second career singles title at Adelaide and reached the Australian Open semi-finals, where he lost to eventual champion Stefan Edberg.
Masur won his third singles title in 1988 at Newport, Rhode Island.
In 1990, Masur helped Australia reach the final of the Davis Cup, compiling a 6–0 record in singles rubbers in the first round, quarter-finals and semi-finals. However he was left out of the team that played the United States in the final by captain Neale Fraser. The decision to leave Masur out of the final was fairly controversial at the time given the very significant role that he had played in getting Australia there, but was principally because the final was to be played on clay courts, which was not Masur's best surface. The US beat Australia 3–2 in the final.
wn.com/Wally_Masur -
World War I
World War I (WWI), which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939 (World War II), and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. It involved all the world's great powers, which were assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (based on the Triple Entente of the United Kingdom, France and Russia) and the Central Powers (originally centred around the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy; but, as Austria–Hungary had taken the offensive against the agreement, Italy did not enter into the war). These alliances both reorganised (Italy fought for the Allies), and expanded as more nations entered the war. Ultimately more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, largely because of enormous increases in lethality of weapons, thanks to new technology, without corresponding improvements in protection or mobility. It was the sixth-deadliest conflict in world history, subsequently paving the way for various political changes such as revolutions in the nations involved.
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Booze Britain 2: binge nation - Southampton pt1 of 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:06
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
Booze Britain, Binge Nation (sequel) - Southampton Episode.
http://wn.com/Booze_Britain_2_binge_nation_Southampton_pt1_of_2
Booze Britain, Binge Nation (sequel) - Southampton Episode.
Southampton 1993,Ocean Village,Above Bar,Mayflower,University,Town Quay,Pirelli,Vospers
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:43
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
Sight-Seeing tour of Southampton filmed in 1993. Includes view of the Titanic's Berth 0:10 Southampton University Biomedical Sciences Building 0:28 Southampton Crown Court, built on site of old Ordnance Survey 0:38 Commercial Road & Mayflower Theatre 0:56 Pirelli Cable Works, West Quay Road, now West Quay Retail Park & Ikea 1:13 Royal Pier, Arcade Arches, Mayflower Roundabout 1:24 Town Quay, Pier & Marina 2:07 RMS Titanic's berth in the distance 2:12 Maria Asumpta - later ship wrecked in Cornwall 1995, with the sad loss of 3 crew 2:16 Hythe Hotspur 3:02 Southampton Water 3:06 Town Quay & Red Jet 3:24 Town Quay shops 3:43 Harbour House, today, a casino 3:46 Junction of Town Quay & High St, Telephone House & Southgate Tower 4:00 Red Funnel parking, today, site of Terminal 1 Building 4:15 Itchen Bridge, view towards Woolston 4:36 Ocean Village 6:28 Harbour Lights Cinema being built 7:51 Vosper Thornycroft 8:22 The Grand de Vere being built 9:09 Maritime Museum 9:43 Mayflower Park & Memorial, Dock Gate 8 10:30 Tudor House 11:25 Bargate Centre 11:53 The Bargate 12:46 Above Bar 13:08 Thursday's nightclub 14:25 World famous Hobbit Pub To see historical photos and memorabilia of Southampton on Facebook, visit www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Southampton_1993,Ocean_Village,Above_Bar,Mayflower,University,Town_Quay,Pirelli,Vospers
Sight-Seeing tour of Southampton filmed in 1993. Includes view of the Titanic's Berth 0:10 Southampton University Biomedical Sciences Building 0:28 Southampton Crown Court, built on site of old Ordnance Survey 0:38 Commercial Road & Mayflower Theatre 0:56 Pirelli Cable Works, West Quay Road, now West Quay Retail Park & Ikea 1:13 Royal Pier, Arcade Arches, Mayflower Roundabout 1:24 Town Quay, Pier & Marina 2:07 RMS Titanic's berth in the distance 2:12 Maria Asumpta - later ship wrecked in Cornwall 1995, with the sad loss of 3 crew 2:16 Hythe Hotspur 3:02 Southampton Water 3:06 Town Quay & Red Jet 3:24 Town Quay shops 3:43 Harbour House, today, a casino 3:46 Junction of Town Quay & High St, Telephone House & Southgate Tower 4:00 Red Funnel parking, today, site of Terminal 1 Building 4:15 Itchen Bridge, view towards Woolston 4:36 Ocean Village 6:28 Harbour Lights Cinema being built 7:51 Vosper Thornycroft 8:22 The Grand de Vere being built 9:09 Maritime Museum 9:43 Mayflower Park & Memorial, Dock Gate 8 10:30 Tudor House 11:25 Bargate Centre 11:53 The Bargate 12:46 Above Bar 13:08 Thursday's nightclub 14:25 World famous Hobbit Pub To see historical photos and memorabilia of Southampton on Facebook, visit www.facebook.com
- published: 13 Apr 2012
- views: 3425
- author: PlacesIveVisited
Grey shirts & Southampton 6-3 Man United 1996-97
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:59
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
In their previous league game, United had been on the end of a 5-0 thumping by Newcastle. Just a blip said Alex Ferguson. A week later, the blip got much worse. And it still wasn't over then. United also lost the game against Fenerbahce in the Champions League and their next league fixture to Chelsea. They had previous at the Dell too -- United had lost there 3-1 the season before and it was their grey kit that infamously got all the blame. There's a bit about that at the start of this video. Ian Darke narrates, Steve Banyard commentates.
http://wn.com/Grey_shirts_Southampton_6-3_Man_United_1996-97
In their previous league game, United had been on the end of a 5-0 thumping by Newcastle. Just a blip said Alex Ferguson. A week later, the blip got much worse. And it still wasn't over then. United also lost the game against Fenerbahce in the Champions League and their next league fixture to Chelsea. They had previous at the Dell too -- United had lost there 3-1 the season before and it was their grey kit that infamously got all the blame. There's a bit about that at the start of this video. Ian Darke narrates, Steve Banyard commentates.
- published: 26 Jun 2011
- views: 75404
- author: chesneyincognito
Southampton's Road To The Premier League
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:32
- Updated: 06 Dec 2012
Starting on Friday 1st June, Saints Player will be providing a comprehensive run down of our magnificent Championship Campaign! Stay tuned to www.saintsfc.co.uk for more information.
http://wn.com/Southampton's_Road_To_The_Premier_League
Starting on Friday 1st June, Saints Player will be providing a comprehensive run down of our magnificent Championship Campaign! Stay tuned to www.saintsfc.co.uk for more information.
- published: 29 May 2012
- views: 9884
- author: theofficialsaints
TUNNEL CAM: City v Southampton EPL 12-13
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:55
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
EPL 12-13 City v Southampton Tunnel Cam
http://wn.com/TUNNEL_CAM_City_v_Southampton_EPL_12-13
EPL 12-13 City v Southampton Tunnel Cam
- published: 19 Aug 2012
- views: 187163
- author: mcfcofficial
03 - Southampton - Titanic (OST)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
Titanic OST Soundtrack
http://wn.com/03_Southampton_Titanic_OST
Titanic OST Soundtrack
- published: 23 Aug 2010
- views: 525717
- author: akaSoundtrack
Southampton FC The Journey
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:37
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
Southampton FC The Journey
http://wn.com/Southampton_FC_The_Journey
Southampton FC The Journey
- published: 29 Jun 2012
- views: 4253
- author: dazzasib
Southampton 1994,West Quay site,Tyrell & Green,University,Marlands,Titanic Memorial
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:26
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
Tour of Southampton by car and on foot, filmed in 1994. Expand for Timings: 1:27- Bassett 1:41, 7:14 - University 2:42 - Stag Gates 3:04 - Old Church on Jury's Inn roundabout 3:54, 6:07 - Civic Centre 4:04, 5:11 - Marlands shopping Mall 4:18 - Southern Newspapers 4:34 - City Centre pedestrian area 4:44 - Above Bar St outside Marlands looking North 5:38 - Junction of Above Bar St, New Rd, and Civic Centre Rd, Evans (Now KFC) 6:00 - Old KFC 6:40, 7:27 - Guildhall 6:52 - Back of C&A; 6:59 - Tyrell and Green 7:36 - Art Gallery and Library 7:52 - Watts Park 8:02, 8:28 - Cenotaph war memorial 8:33 - East Park / Andrews Park 8:59 - D-Day Flowers and former site of Titanic Memorial 9:21 - RMS Titanic Memorial 9:37 - Site of West Quay 9:59 - Castle Gate and wall To see another tour of Southampton filmed in 1993 (which includes Ocean Village, the Itchen bridge, Vosper Thornycroft, Southampton City Walls, and the site of West Quay from below the walls), click the link below: www.youtube.com To see historical photos and memorabilia of Southampton on Facebook, visit www.facebook.com Thanks for watching, www.YouTube.com
http://wn.com/Southampton_1994,West_Quay_site,Tyrell_Green,University,Marlands,Titanic_Memorial
Tour of Southampton by car and on foot, filmed in 1994. Expand for Timings: 1:27- Bassett 1:41, 7:14 - University 2:42 - Stag Gates 3:04 - Old Church on Jury's Inn roundabout 3:54, 6:07 - Civic Centre 4:04, 5:11 - Marlands shopping Mall 4:18 - Southern Newspapers 4:34 - City Centre pedestrian area 4:44 - Above Bar St outside Marlands looking North 5:38 - Junction of Above Bar St, New Rd, and Civic Centre Rd, Evans (Now KFC) 6:00 - Old KFC 6:40, 7:27 - Guildhall 6:52 - Back of C&A; 6:59 - Tyrell and Green 7:36 - Art Gallery and Library 7:52 - Watts Park 8:02, 8:28 - Cenotaph war memorial 8:33 - East Park / Andrews Park 8:59 - D-Day Flowers and former site of Titanic Memorial 9:21 - RMS Titanic Memorial 9:37 - Site of West Quay 9:59 - Castle Gate and wall To see another tour of Southampton filmed in 1993 (which includes Ocean Village, the Itchen bridge, Vosper Thornycroft, Southampton City Walls, and the site of West Quay from below the walls), click the link below: www.youtube.com To see historical photos and memorabilia of Southampton on Facebook, visit www.facebook.com Thanks for watching, www.YouTube.com
- published: 04 Feb 2012
- views: 1494
- author: PlacesIveVisited
Ultimate Tin Foil Room Prank - Southampton Solent
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:06
- Updated: 06 Dec 2012
Flat 1B tin foil the whole of Jake Mckie's room while he was out for a few days! 400 metres of tin foil and lots of hard work! Pranking at its best!
http://wn.com/Ultimate_Tin_Foil_Room_Prank_Southampton_Solent
Flat 1B tin foil the whole of Jake Mckie's room while he was out for a few days! 400 metres of tin foil and lots of hard work! Pranking at its best!
- published: 12 Mar 2012
- views: 43056
- author: C4RTER11
The University of Southampton - My Campus(2012)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:25
- Updated: 16 Oct 2012
Our students introduce you to some of the facilities, accommodation and things to do on campus at the University of Southampton.
http://wn.com/The_University_of_Southampton_My_Campus2012
Our students introduce you to some of the facilities, accommodation and things to do on campus at the University of Southampton.
- published: 20 Mar 2012
- views: 10991
- author: sotoncomms
Southampton, England
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:26
- Updated: 26 Nov 2012
Recorded August 16, 2008. Southampton the largest city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire, on the south coast of England, and is sited around 62 miles south-west of London. Southampton is a major port and lies at the northernmost point of Southampton Water at the confluence of the River Test and River Itchen. The town itself has an estimated population of 231200. This video covers my visit to the city preceding my 28-day voyage on the Sea Princess. The video begins along the River Test and the port area. Next I walk through downtown, around the Civic Centre, past the Bargate and through a city park. From: timvp.com
http://wn.com/Southampton,_England
Recorded August 16, 2008. Southampton the largest city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire, on the south coast of England, and is sited around 62 miles south-west of London. Southampton is a major port and lies at the northernmost point of Southampton Water at the confluence of the River Test and River Itchen. The town itself has an estimated population of 231200. This video covers my visit to the city preceding my 28-day voyage on the Sea Princess. The video begins along the River Test and the port area. Next I walk through downtown, around the Civic Centre, past the Bargate and through a city park. From: timvp.com
- published: 28 Mar 2009
- views: 26285
- author: hoosiertim
City Tour of Southampton
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:05
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
A city tour of Southampton, where i spent three years as a student. Vid pics out some of the locations which i have memories from
http://wn.com/City_Tour_of_Southampton
A city tour of Southampton, where i spent three years as a student. Vid pics out some of the locations which i have memories from
- published: 01 May 2007
- views: 45849
- author: brucegarrod
Southampton vs Coventry Pitch Invasion HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:57
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/Southampton_vs_Coventry_Pitch_Invasion_HD
- published: 28 Apr 2012
- views: 21759
- author: Tom Perry
Euro Truck Simulator 2 - Paris to Southampton
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 36:13
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
Euro Truck Simulator 2 - Paris to Southampton Off to England we go! Oh snap!? Drive on the wrong side of the road?! :p Show some love and hug the likey likey like button if you enjoy! :) Check out the game @ www.eurotrucksimulator2.com Want to support Keralis? ● Donate: bit.ly ● Twitter: bit.ly ● Facebook: on.fb.me ● Website: www.keralis.net In-Game Music Josh Woodward Album - The Wake www.joshwoodward.com Outro Music: Kevin MacLeod incompetech.com I hope you all enjoy! Happy Trucking!
http://wn.com/Euro_Truck_Simulator_2_Paris_to_Southampton
Euro Truck Simulator 2 - Paris to Southampton Off to England we go! Oh snap!? Drive on the wrong side of the road?! :p Show some love and hug the likey likey like button if you enjoy! :) Check out the game @ www.eurotrucksimulator2.com Want to support Keralis? ● Donate: bit.ly ● Twitter: bit.ly ● Facebook: on.fb.me ● Website: www.keralis.net In-Game Music Josh Woodward Album - The Wake www.joshwoodward.com Outro Music: Kevin MacLeod incompetech.com I hope you all enjoy! Happy Trucking!
- published: 24 Nov 2012
- views: 28048
- author: Keralis
Titanic-(James Horner)-Southampton
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:02
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
Just A good song (It's Called Southampton), I have repeated images, please just let it be. Thanks.
http://wn.com/Titanic-James_Horner-Southampton
Just A good song (It's Called Southampton), I have repeated images, please just let it be. Thanks.
- published: 09 Apr 2007
- views: 648306
- author: killerguppy
Cunard's Three Queens Arrival Into Southampton - Jubilee Celebration
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:08
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
On 5 June 2012 Cunard's Queen Mary 2, Queen Victoria and Queen Elizabeth met in Southampton for the first time ever to celebrate Her Majesty The Queen's Diamond Jubilee. www.cunard.com
http://wn.com/Cunard's_Three_Queens_Arrival_Into_Southampton_Jubilee_Celebration
On 5 June 2012 Cunard's Queen Mary 2, Queen Victoria and Queen Elizabeth met in Southampton for the first time ever to celebrate Her Majesty The Queen's Diamond Jubilee. www.cunard.com
- published: 05 Jun 2012
- views: 20250
- author: WeAreCunard
Adkins on Southampton's new players
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:09
- Updated: 01 Nov 2012
Southampton manager Nigel Adkins talks about the club's new signings
http://wn.com/Adkins_on_Southampton's_new_players
Southampton manager Nigel Adkins talks about the club's new signings
- published: 16 Jul 2012
- views: 823
- author: pressassociation
Cunard's Three Queens Depart Southampton Together
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:53
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
Queen Elizabeth, Queen Victoria and Queen Mary 2 depart Southampton together for the first time in daylight on 13 July 2012
http://wn.com/Cunard's_Three_Queens_Depart_Southampton_Together
Queen Elizabeth, Queen Victoria and Queen Mary 2 depart Southampton together for the first time in daylight on 13 July 2012
- published: 26 Jul 2012
- views: 8934
- author: WeAreCunard
Cunard's Three Queens Diamond Jubilee Celebration, Southampton 5 June 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:14
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
Highlights from Cunard's Diamond Jubilee celebration in Southampton. On 5 June 2012 Queen Mary 2, Queen Victoria and Queen Elizabeth met in their home port of Southampton for the first time ever, to celebrate Her Majesty the Queen's Diamond Jubilee. www.cunard.com
http://wn.com/Cunard's_Three_Queens_Diamond_Jubilee_Celebration,_Southampton_5_June_2012
Highlights from Cunard's Diamond Jubilee celebration in Southampton. On 5 June 2012 Queen Mary 2, Queen Victoria and Queen Elizabeth met in their home port of Southampton for the first time ever, to celebrate Her Majesty the Queen's Diamond Jubilee. www.cunard.com
- published: 11 Jun 2012
- views: 14911
- author: WeAreCunard
Southampton Fans Goal Celebration and Chanting
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:15
- Updated: 28 Nov 2012
Saints fans at London Road 18.4.12 Final Score Peterborough 1 - 3 Southampton 3438 Away Fans Tags: southampton saints at posh peterborough fans supporters singing chants songs away goal celebration billy sharp london road promotion
http://wn.com/Southampton_Fans_Goal_Celebration_and_Chanting
Saints fans at London Road 18.4.12 Final Score Peterborough 1 - 3 Southampton 3438 Away Fans Tags: southampton saints at posh peterborough fans supporters singing chants songs away goal celebration billy sharp london road promotion
- published: 17 Apr 2012
- views: 15969
- author: BanditGolfHD
Southampton v Reading preview - Gaston Ramirez ready for Royals appointment
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:59
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
Subscribe for the latest sports news from PA: bit.ly Southampton v Reading preview - Gaston Ramirez ready for Royals appointment. Southampton fans can breathe a sigh of relief after manager Nigel Adkins confirmed influential playmaker Gaston Ramirez will be involved against Reading this weekend Breaking news: www.youtube.com Sports news: www.youtube.com Entertainment news: www.youtube.com Follow PA Sport on Twitter: www.twitter.com The Press Association: www.pressassociation.com
http://wn.com/Southampton_v_Reading_preview_Gaston_Ramirez_ready_for_Royals_appointment
Subscribe for the latest sports news from PA: bit.ly Southampton v Reading preview - Gaston Ramirez ready for Royals appointment. Southampton fans can breathe a sigh of relief after manager Nigel Adkins confirmed influential playmaker Gaston Ramirez will be involved against Reading this weekend Breaking news: www.youtube.com Sports news: www.youtube.com Entertainment news: www.youtube.com Follow PA Sport on Twitter: www.twitter.com The Press Association: www.pressassociation.com
- published: 07 Dec 2012
- views: 27
- author: PressAssocSport
FIFA 13: Southampton vs. Manchester United
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:58
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/FIFA_13_Southampton_vs_Manchester_United
- published: 06 Dec 2012
- views: 370
- author: dunbarsnackbar
University of Southampton - Southampton engineers a Raspberry Pi Supercomputer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:27
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
Computational Engineers at the University of Southampton have built a supercomputer from 64 Raspberry Pi computers and Lego. The team, led by Professor Simon Cox, consisted of Richard Boardman, Andy Everett, Steven Johnston, Gereon Kaiping, Neil O'Brien, Mark Scott and Oz Parchment, along with Professor Cox's son James Cox (aged 6) who provided specialist support on Lego and system testing. Professor Cox comments: "As soon as we were able to source sufficient Raspberry Pi computers we wanted to see if it was possible to link them together into a supercomputer. We installed and built all of the necessary software on the Pi starting from a standard Debian Wheezy system image and we have published a guide so you can build your own supercomputer." To read the full story go to: www.southampton.ac.uk
http://wn.com/University_of_Southampton_Southampton_engineers_a_Raspberry_Pi_Supercomputer
Computational Engineers at the University of Southampton have built a supercomputer from 64 Raspberry Pi computers and Lego. The team, led by Professor Simon Cox, consisted of Richard Boardman, Andy Everett, Steven Johnston, Gereon Kaiping, Neil O'Brien, Mark Scott and Oz Parchment, along with Professor Cox's son James Cox (aged 6) who provided specialist support on Lego and system testing. Professor Cox comments: "As soon as we were able to source sufficient Raspberry Pi computers we wanted to see if it was possible to link them together into a supercomputer. We installed and built all of the necessary software on the Pi starting from a standard Debian Wheezy system image and we have published a guide so you can build your own supercomputer." To read the full story go to: www.southampton.ac.uk
- published: 15 Oct 2012
- views: 15516
- author: sotoncomms
photo: AP / Bullit Marquez
06 Dec 2012
NEW BATAAN, Philippines - A powerful typhoon that washed away emergency shelters, a military camp and possibly entire families in the southern Philippines has killed almost 350 people with nearly 400 missing, authorities said Thursday. More bodies were retrieved from hardest-hit Compostela Valley and Davao Oriental provinces and six others impacted by Tuesday's storm, the Office of Civil Defense reported ... "It was horrible ... --- ... Location....(size: 8.0Kb)
photo: AP / Photo
06 Dec 2012
Lionel Messi missed out on a chance to match Gerd Mueller's record of 85 goals in a calendar year as he was injured during Barcelona's draw with Benfica. Messi, who hurt his left knee in a collision with Benfica keeper Artur, was taken off 30 minutes after coming on as a second-half substitute. Benfica knew a win would see them finish second behind Barca in Group G ... FC Barcelona's official Twitter account tweeted after the Benfica game....(size: 2.5Kb)
photo: AP / Osama Faisal
08 Dec 2012
There has been a historic shift in the UN climate talks in Qatar, with the prospect of rich nations having to compensate poor nations for losses due to climate change. The US has fiercely opposed the measure - it says the cost could be unlimited. But after angry tussles throughout the night the principle of Loss and Damage is now in the final negotiating text ... The political stakes are high ... "I will block this ... "I will block this ... ....(size: 3.1Kb)
photo: AP / Vahid Salemi
07 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. The in- and out-fighting between present-day Saudi Arabia and Iran is a mirror image of what occurred to Prophet Muhammad's Islamic Movement right after his death ... Still, and due to prosperity and wealth, an influx of trade goods, religious toleration, an emphasis on learning, and increased food supplies, Islam was becoming a vast empire ... Recent U.S ... Dallas Darling (darling@wn.com)....(size: 7.5Kb)
Newsday
09 Dec 2012
As the favorite to repeat as champions in Suffolk Class B girls basketball, playing against a difficult non-league schedule was important for Southampton ... Southampton, the defending... Mikaiya Moore's 19 points, I'Asia O'Garro's 13 lead Copiague 15 m ago Hodges sisters lead Southampton 16 m ago Kellenberg 3,200 relay clocks fastest in country 38 m ......(size: 6.9Kb)
The Observer
09 Dec 2012
Southampton's goalscorer Jason Puncheon and Reading's Adrian Mariappa, right, contest the ball at St Mary's stadium ... Before Southampton played Swansea on 10 November, Nigel Adkins was generally understood, not least by himself judging by his comments at the time, to be within 90 minutes of being dismissed as the Southampton manager....(size: 6.6Kb)
Newsday
09 Dec 2012
The ninth annual Southampton Polar Bear Plunge was held Saturday at Cooper's Beach; proceeds will benefit local charity Human Resources of the Hamptons. Videojournalist. Brittany Wait (Dec. 8, 2012) ... advertisement . advertise on news12. ... 0 ... Comments ... PrevNext ... . . . . ... ....(size: 6.3Kb)
Newsday
09 Dec 2012
Several lawmakers wrote the department after the new rules went into effect in... Already ... 2 Duke 90, Temple 67 15 m ago Copiague 51, Riverhead 43 7.04 PM Southampton 38, Lindenhurst 33 5.13 PM Navy defeats Army in America's Game 4.43 PM 9th annual Polar Bear Plunge in Southampton 4.36 PM ... . . . . ... ....(size: 6.4Kb)
Newsday
09 Dec 2012
SYRACUSE -- An upstate zoo got a surprise visit from the stork ... Other zoo workers arrived with blankets to keep mom and baby warm ... -- AP ... 2 Duke 90, Temple 67 15 m ago Copiague 51, Riverhead 43 7.04 PM Southampton 38, Lindenhurst 33 5.13 PM Navy defeats Army in America's Game 4.43 PM 9th annual Polar Bear Plunge in Southampton 4.36 PM ... . . . . ... ....(size: 6.2Kb)
Newsday
09 Dec 2012
NEW BATAAN, Philippines -- A typhoon that had left the Philippines after killing nearly 600 people and leaving hundreds missing in the south has made a U-turn and is now threatening the country's northwest, officials said Saturday ... 0 ... Copiague 51, Riverhead 43 7.04 PM Southampton 38, Lindenhurst 33 5.13 PM Navy defeats Army in America's Game 4.43 PM 9th annual Polar Bear Plunge in Southampton 4.36 PM 2012 Jingle Ball concert 12.58 AM ... ....(size: 7.4Kb)
Newsday
09 Dec 2012
GAZA CITY, -- The leader of the Islamic militant group Hamas vowed to continue fighting yesterday, as hundreds of thousands of flag-waving Gazans turned out to celebrate the organization's 25th anniversary ... Be the first to rate. 0 ... Copiague 51, Riverhead 43 35 m ago Southampton 38, Lindenhurst 33 5.13 PM Navy defeats Army in America's Game 4.43 PM 9th annual Polar Bear Plunge in Southampton 4.36 PM 2012 Jingle Ball concert 12.58 AM ... . ....(size: 7.5Kb)
Newsday
09 Dec 2012
-- Seeking to control , nearly 200 countries agreed yesterday to extend the Kyoto Protocol, a treaty that limits the greenhouse gas output of some rich countries ... U.S ... Be the first to rate. 0. Click to rate. Comments ... Log in ... Facebook ... Copiague 51, Riverhead 43 7.04 PM Southampton 38, Lindenhurst 33 5.13 PM Navy defeats Army in America's Game 4.43 PM 9th annual Polar Bear Plunge in Southampton 4.36 PM 2012 Jingle Ball concert 12.58 AM ... . . ....(size: 8.1Kb)
Newsday
09 Dec 2012
The Supreme Court will ultimately decide on two cases, but the court's attention-grabbing move has put the pressure on to clarify his stance on the issue ... It wasn't ... Constitution guarantees a right to marry for same-sex couples ... 0 ... Copiague 51, Riverhead 43 7.04 PM Southampton 38, Lindenhurst 33 5.13 PM Navy defeats Army in America's Game 4.43 PM 9th annual Polar Bear Plunge in Southampton 4.36 PM 2012 Jingle Ball concert 12.58 AM ... . . ....(size: 9.0Kb)
Newsday
09 Dec 2012
The Supreme Court will ultimately decide on two cases, but the court's attention-grabbing move has put the pressure on to clarify his stance on the issue ... It wasn't ... Constitution guarantees a right to marry for same-sex couples ... 0 ... Copiague 51, Riverhead 43 7.04 PM Southampton 38, Lindenhurst 33 5.13 PM Navy defeats Army in America's Game 4.43 PM 9th annual Polar Bear Plunge in Southampton 4.36 PM 2012 Jingle Ball concert 12.58 AM ... . . ....(size: 9.0Kb)
Ha'aretz
09 Dec 2012
"The team had a winning mentality," said a delighted Benitez ... The result dropped Sunderland into the relegation zone, with Southampton moving the other way after a 1-0 win over second-bottom Reading, and QPR still bottom despite a 2-2 draw at Wigan Athletic. ... Southampton moved away from the bottom three after a hard-fought, occasionally scrappy 1-0 win over fellow strugglers Reading with a goal from Jason Puncheon. ... ....(size: 5.6Kb)
photo: White House / Pete Souza
09 Dec 2012
MOSCOW -- U.S.-Russia ties have again plunged into acrimony amid disputes ranging from disagreement on to Russian President 's clampdown on dissent. A U.S ... "If the U.S ... missile defense plans and 's crackdown on dissent ... protests ... 0 ... Copiague 51, Riverhead 43 35 m ago Southampton 38, Lindenhurst 33 5.13 PM Navy defeats Army in America's Game 4.43 PM 9th annual Polar Bear Plunge in Southampton 4.36 PM 2012 Jingle Ball concert 12.58 AM ... . . ....(size: 9.3Kb)
Newsday
09 Dec 2012
Copiague 51, Riverhead 43 Southampton 38, Lindenhurst 33 North Shore 71, Wantagh 55 Mount Sinai 61, Rocky Point 44 Sachem East 49, St ... Anthony's 2 Jericho 2, East Hampton 0 Bellmore JFK 3, Eastport-South Manor 2 Ward Melville 3, Massapequa 0 Suffolk individual gymnastics championships Sachem East 3, Massapequa 0 South Side 3, Islip 2 Southampton 2, ......(size: 18.9Kb)
For other uses, see Southampton (disambiguation).
| Southampton | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — Unitary & City — | |||
 |
|||
|
|||
| Nickname(s): so'ton | |||
 |
|||
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom | ||
| Constituent country | England | ||
| Region | South East England | ||
| Ceremonial county | Hampshire | ||
| Admin HQ | Southampton | ||
| Settled | c. AD43 | ||
| City Status | 1964 | ||
| Unitary Authority | 1997 | ||
| Government | |||
| • Type | Unitary authority, City | ||
| • Governing body | Southampton City Council | ||
| • Leadership | Leader & Cabinet | ||
| • Executive | Labour | ||
| • MPs | John Denham (L) Alan Whitehead (L) Caroline Nokes (C) |
||
| Area | |||
| • Unitary & City | 20.00 sq mi (51.81 km2) | ||
| Population (2010 est) | |||
| • Unitary & City | 239,700(Ranked 56)[1] | ||
| • Density | 11,540/sq mi (4,454/km2) | ||
| • Urban | 304,400 (Southampton Urban Area) | ||
| • Metro | 1,000,000 | ||
| • County | 1,691,001 (Hampshire) | ||
| • Ethnicity (United Kingdom 2005 Estimate) [2] |
80.5% White 9.5% S. Asian 4% Black. 3% Chinese or other 3% Mixed Race |
||
| Time zone | Greenwich Mean Time (UTC+0) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | British Summer Time (UTC+1) | ||
| Postcode span | SO14-SO19 | ||
| Area code(s) | 023 | ||
| Grid Ref. | SU 42 11 | ||
| ONS code | 00MS | ||
| Website | www.southampton.gov.uk/ | ||
Southampton i/saʊθˈhæmptən/ is the largest city in the county of Hampshire on the south coast of England,[3] and is situated 120 kilometres (75 mi) south-west of London and 30 kilometres (19 mi) north-west of Portsmouth. Southampton is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest. It lies at the northernmost point of Southampton Water at the confluence of the River Test and River Itchen,[4] with the River Hamble joining to the south of the urban area. The local authority is Southampton City Council, which is a unitary authority.
The city represents the core of the Greater Southampton region, and the city itself has an estimated population of 239,700[1] Southampton combines with Portsmouth to form a single metropolitan area; with a population of over a million this makes the region one of the United Kingdom's most populous metropolitan areas.[5] The city's name is sometimes abbreviated in writing to "So'ton" or "Soton", and a resident of Southampton is called a Sotonian.[6]
Significant employers in Southampton include the University of Southampton, Southampton Airport, the Ford Transit factory, Ordnance Survey, BBC South, the NHS, ABP and Carnival. Southampton is noted for its association with the RMS Titanic,[7] the Spitfire[8] and more recently a number of the largest cruise ships in the world.[9][10]
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of Southampton
Archaeological finds suggest that the area has been inhabited since the stone age.[11] According to the Chronicle of the Britons the Ancient Britons had called the place Porth Hamon after a certain Lelius Hamo, a traitor who had murdered king Togodumnus during the early stages of the Roman invasion of Britain.[12] Following the Roman invasion of Britain in AD 43 and the conquering of the local Britons in 70 AD the fortress settlement of Clausentum was established. It was an important trading port and defensive outpost of Winchester, at the site of modern Bitterne Manor. Clausentum was defended by a wall and two ditches and is thought to have contained a bath house.[13] Clausentum was not abandoned until around 410.[11]
The Anglo-Saxons formed a new, larger, settlement across the Itchen centred on what is now the St Mary's area of the city. The settlement was known as Hamwic,[11] which evolved into Hamtun and then Hampton.[14] Archaeological excavations of this site have uncovered one of the best collections of Saxon artefacts in Europe.[11] It is from this town that the county of Hampshire gets its name.
Viking raids from 840 onwards contributed to the decline of Hamwic in the 9th century,[15] and by the 10th century a fortified settlement, which became medieval Southampton, had been established.[16]
Following the Norman Conquest in 1066, Southampton became the major port of transit between the then capital of England, Winchester, and Normandy. Southampton Castle was built in the 12th century[17] and by the 13th century Southampton had become a leading port, particularly involved in the import of French wine[16] in exchange for English cloth and wool.[18]
Surviving remains of 12th century merchants' houses such as King John's House and Canute's Palace are evidence of the wealth that existed in the town at this time.[19] In 1348, the Black Death reached England via merchant vessels calling at Southampton.[20]
The town was sacked in 1338 by French, Genoese and Monegasque ships (under Charles Grimaldi, who used the plunder to help found the principality of Monaco).[21] On visiting Southampton in 1339, Edward III ordered that walls be built to 'close the town'. The extensive rebuilding—part of the walls dates from 1175—culminated in the completion of the western walls in 1380.[22][23] Roughly half of the walls, 13 of the original towers, and six gates survive.[22]
The city walls include God's House Tower, built in 1417, the first purpose-built artillery fortification in England.[24] Over the years it has been used as home to the city's gunner, the Town Gaol and even as storage for the Southampton Harbour Board.[23] Until September 2011, it housed the Museum of Archaeology.[25] The walls were completed in the 15th century,[26] but later development of several new fortifications along Southampton Water and the Solent by Henry VIII meant that Southampton was no longer dependent upon its fortifications.[27]
On the other hand, many of the medieval buildings once situated within the town walls are now in ruins or have disappeared altogether. From successive incarnations of the motte and bailey castle, only a section of the bailey wall remains today, lying just off Castle Way.[28] The last remains of the Franciscan friary in Southampton, founded circa 1233 and dissolved in 1538, were swept away in the 1940s.[29] The site is now occupied by Friary House.
Elsewhere, remnants of the medieval water supply system devised by the friars can still be seen today. Constructed in 1290, the system carried water from Conduit Head (remnants of which survive near Hill Lane, Shirley) some 1.7 kilometres to the site of the friary inside the town walls. The friars granted use of the water to the town in 1310 and passed on ownership of the water supply system itself in 1420.[30] Further remains can be observed at Conduit House on Commercial Road.
In 1642, during the English Civil War, a Parliamentary garrison moved into Southampton.[31] The Royalists advanced as far as Redbridge, Southampton in March 1644 but were prevented from taking the town.[31]
During the Middle Ages, shipbuilding became an important industry for the town. Henry V's famous warship HMS Grace Dieu was built in Southampton.[17] Walter Taylor's 18th century mechanisation of the block-making process was a significant step in the Industrial Revolution.[32] From 1904 to 2004, the Thornycroft shipbuilding yard was a major employer in Southampton,[17] building and repairing ships used in the two World Wars.[17]
Prior to King Henry's departure for the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, the ringleaders of the "Southampton Plot"—Richard, Earl of Cambridge, Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham and Sir Thomas Grey of Heton—were accused of high treason and tried at what is now the Red Lion public house in the High Street.[33] They were found guilty and summarily executed outside the Bargate.[34]
Southampton has been used for military embarkation, including during 18th century wars with the French,[35] the Crimean war,[36] and the Boer War.[37] Southampton was designated No. 1 Military Embarkation port during the Great War[17] and became a major centre for treating the returning wounded and POWs.[17] It was also central to the preparations for the Invasion of Europe in 1944.[17]
Southampton became a spa town in 1740.[38] It had also become a popular site for sea bathing by the 1760s, despite the lack of a good quality beach.[38] Innovative buildings specifically for this purpose were built at West Quay, with baths that were filled and emptied by the flow of the tide.[38]
The town experienced major expansion during the Victorian era.[17] The Southampton Docks company had been formed in 1835.[17] In October 1838 the foundation stone of the docks was laid[17] and the first dock opened in 1842.[17] The structural and economic development of docks continued for the next few decades.[17] The railway link to London was fully opened in May 1840.[17] Southampton subsequently became known as The Gateway to the Empire.[39]
The port was the point of departure for the Pilgrim Fathers aboard the Mayflower in 1620.[22] In 1912, the RMS Titanic sailed from Southampton. Four in five of the crew on board the vessel were Sotonians,[40] with about a third of those who perished in the tragedy hailing from the city.[22] Southampton was subsequently the home port for the transatlantic passenger services operated by Cunard with their Blue Riband liner RMS Queen Mary and her running mate RMS Queen Elizabeth. In 1938, Southampton docks also became home to the flying boats of Imperial Airways.[17] Southampton Container Terminals first opened in 1968[17] and has continued to expand.
The Supermarine Spitfire was designed and developed in Southampton, evolving from the Schneider trophy-winning seaplanes of the 1920s and 1930s. Its designer, R J Mitchell, lived in the Portswood area of Southampton, and his house is today marked with a blue plaque.[41] Heavy bombing of the factory in September 1940 destroyed it as well as homes in the vicinity, killing civilians and workers. World War II hit Southampton particularly hard because of its strategic importance as a major commercial port and industrial area. Prior to the Invasion of Europe, components for a Mulberry harbour were built here.[17] After D-Day, Southampton docks handled military cargo to help keep the Allied forces supplied,[17] making it a key target of Luftwaffe bombing raids until late 1944.[42]
630 people lost their lives as a result of the air raids on Southampton and nearly 2,000 more were injured, not to mention the thousands of buildings damaged or destroyed.[43]
Pockets of Georgian architecture survived the war, but much of the city was levelled. There has been extensive redevelopment since World War II.[17] Increasing traffic congestion in the 1920s led to partial demolition of medieval walls around the Bargate in 1932 and 1938.[17] However a large portion of those walls remain.
A Royal Charter in 1952[17] upgraded University College at Highfield to the University of Southampton.[17] Southampton acquired city status, becoming the City of Southampton in 1964.[17]
Government[link]
After the establishment of Hampshire County Council following the Act in 1888 Southampton became a County borough within the county of Hampshire,which meant that it had many features of County but the governance was shared now between the Corporation in Southampton and the new County Council. There is a great source of confusion in the fact that the ancient Shire County, along with its associated Assizes, was known as the County of Southampton[44] or Southamptonshire.[45] This was officially changed to Hampshire in 1959 although the county had been commonly known as Hampshire or Hantscire for centuries. Southampton became a non-metropolitan district in 1974.
Southampton as a Port and city has had a long history of administrative independence of the surrounding County; as far back as the reign of King John the town and its port were removed from the writ of the King's Sheriff in Hampshire and the rights of custom and toll were granted by the King to the burgesses of Southampton over the port of Southampton and the Port of Portsmouth;[46] this tax farm was granted for an annual fee of £200 in the charter dated at Orival on 29 June 1199. The definition of the port of Southampton was apparently broader than today and embraced all of the area between Lymington and Langstone. The corporation had resident representatives in Newport, Lymington and Portsmouth.[47] By a Charter of Henry VI granted on 9 March 1446/7 (25+26 Hen. VI, m. 32), the mayor, bailiffs and burgesses of the towns and ports of Southampton and Portsmouth became a County incorporate and separate from Hampshire.
The status of the town was changed by a later charter of Charles I by at once the formal separation from Portsmouth and the recognition of Southampton as a county, In the charter dated 27 June 1640 the formal title of the town became 'The Town and County of the Town of Southampton'. These charters and Royal Grants, of which there were many, also set out the governance and regulation of the town and port which remained the 'constitution' of the town until the local government organisation of the later Victorian period which from about 1888 saw the setting up of County Councils across England and Wales and including Hampshire County Council who now took on some of the function of Government in Southampton Town. In this regime, The Town and County of the Town of Southampton also became a County Borough with shared responsibility for aspects of local government. On 6 March 1964 the status changed again by a Charter of Elizabeth II,creating the City and County of the City of Southampton. The city has undergone many changes to it governance over the centuries and it once again,became administratively independent from Hampshire county as it was made into a unitary authority in a local government reorganisation on 1 April 1997—a result of the 1992 Local Government Act. The district remains part of the Hampshire ceremonial county.
Southampton City Council consists of 48 councillors, 3 for each of sixteen wards. Council elections are held in early May for one third of the seats (one councillor for each ward), elected for a four year term, so there are elections 3 years out of 4. As of the Southampton Council election, 2012 the composition of the council is:
| Party | Members | |
|---|---|---|
| Conservative | 16 | |
| Labour | 30 | |
| Liberal Democrats | 2 | |
| Total | 48 | |
There are three members of parliament for the city: Rt. Hon. John Denham (Labour) for Southampton Itchen, the constituency covering the east of the city; Dr. Alan Whitehead (Labour) for Southampton Test, which covers the west of the city; and Caroline Nokes (Conservative) for Romsey and Southampton North, which includes a northern portion of the city.
The city also has a mayor and sheriff in addition to a town crier. The current and 789th Mayor of Southampton is Terry Matthews, who took up office on 18 May 2011 after previously being the Sheriff of Southampton and a councillor.[48] Derek Burke became the 574th and current Sheriff of Southampton the same day.[49] The town crier since 2004 is John Melody, who acts as master of ceremonies in the city and who possesses a cry 104 decibels.[50]
Emergency cover[link]
Southampton's police service is provided by Hampshire Constabulary. The main base of the Southampton operation is a new, eight storey purpose-built building which cost £30 million to construct. The building, located on Southern Road, opened in 2011 and is near to Southampton Central railway station.[51] Previously, the central Southampton operation was located within the west wing of the Civic Centre, however the ageing facilities and the plans of constructing a new museum in the old police station and magistrates court necessitated the move. There are additional police stations at Portswood, Bannister Park, Bitterne, and Shirley as well as a British Transport Police station at Southampton Central railway station.
Southampton's fire cover is provided by Hampshire Fire and Rescue Service. There are three fire stations within the city boundaries at St Mary's, Hightown and Redbridge.
The ambulance service is provided by South Central Ambulance Service.
Geography[link]
The geography of Southampton is influenced by the sea and rivers. The city lies at the northern tip of the Southampton Water, a deep water estuary, which is a ria formed at the end of the last Ice Age. Here, the rivers Test and Itchen converge.[52] The Test—which has salt marsh that makes it ideal for salmon fishing[53]—runs along the western edge of the city, while the Itchen splits Southampton in two—east and west. The city centre is located between the two rivers.
Town Quay is the original public quay, and dates from the 13th century. Today's Eastern Docks were created in the 1830s by land reclamation of the mud flats between the Itchen & Test estuaries. The Western Docks date from the 1930s when the Southern Railway Company commissioned a major land reclamation and dredging programme.[54] Most of the material used for reclamation came from dredging of Southampton Water,[55] to ensure that the port can continue to handle large ships.
Southampton Water has the benefit of a double high tide, with two high tide peaks,[56] making the movement of large ships easier.[57] This is not caused as popularly supposed by the presence of the Isle of Wight, but is a function of the shape and depth of the English Channel. In this area the general water flow is distorted by more local conditions reaching across to France.[58]
The city lies in the Hampshire Basin, which sits atop chalk beds.[52]
The River Test runs along the western border of the city, separating it from the New Forest. There are bridges over the Test from Southampton, including the road and rail bridges at Redbridge in the south and the M27 motorway to the north. The River Itchen runs through the middle of the city and is bridged in several places. The northernmost bridge, and the first to be built,[59] is at Mansbridge, where the A27 road crosses the Itchen. The original bridge is closed to road traffic, but is still standing and open to pedestrians and cyclists. The river is bridged again at Swaythling, where Woodmill Bridge separates the tidal and non tidal sections of the river. Further south is Cobden Bridge which is notable as it was opened as a free bridge (it was originally named the Cobden Free Bridge), and was never a toll bridge. Downstream of the Cobden Bridge is the Northam Railway Bridge, then the Northam Road Bridge, which was the first major pre-stressed concrete bridge to be constructed in the United Kingdom.[60] The southernmost, and newest, bridge on the Itchen is the Itchen Bridge, which is a toll bridge.
Climate[link]
As with the rest of the UK, Southampton experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb). Its southerly, low lying and sheltered location ensures it is amongst the warmer, sunnier cities in the UK. It has held the British national record June maximum temperature of 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) since 1976.[61][62]
| Climate data for Southampton, elevation 3m, 1971–2000, Sunshine data 1971–1992 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 8.2 (46.8) |
8.4 (47.1) |
10.7 (51.3) |
13.4 (56.1) |
17.0 (62.6) |
19.7 (67.5) |
22.2 (72.0) |
22.1 (71.8) |
19.3 (66.7) |
15.3 (59.5) |
11.3 (52.3) |
9.1 (48.4) |
14.73 (58.51) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) |
2.4 (36.3) |
3.8 (38.8) |
5.2 (41.4) |
8.4 (47.1) |
11.1 (52.0) |
13.4 (56.1) |
13.3 (55.9) |
11.1 (52.0) |
8.4 (47.1) |
5.1 (41.2) |
3.6 (38.5) |
7.38 (45.28) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 81.13 (3.1941) |
59.61 (2.3469) |
59.3 (2.335) |
46.32 (1.8236) |
46.39 (1.8264) |
55.23 (2.1744) |
36.14 (1.4228) |
51.41 (2.024) |
66.42 (2.615) |
79.18 (3.1173) |
79.35 (3.124) |
89.19 (3.5114) |
749.67 (29.5146) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 59.98 | 76.54 | 113.53 | 175.15 | 214.63 | 200.3 | 218.19 | 209.67 | 149.25 | 107.9 | 78.54 | 52.01 | 1,655.69 |
| Source: Calculated from Met Office Data[63] | |||||||||||||
Energy[link]
The centre of Southampton is located above a large hot water aquifer that can provide Geothermal power to some of the city's buildings. This energy is processed at a plant in the centre of the West Quay region in Southampton city centre and is the only geothermal power station in the UK. The plant provides private electricity for the Port of Southampton and hot water to a city centre district heating scheme, of which many buildings including WestQuay use. In a 2006 survey of carbon emissions in major UK cities conducted by British Gas, Southampton was ranked as being one of the lowest carbon emitting cities in the United Kingdom.[64]
Demographics[link]
Southampton has a range of cultures and ethnic groups, which make up the estimated 236,700 people (as of 2009) living within the city boundary[65]. There is a large Polish population in the city, with estimates as high as 20,000, or 1 in every 11 of the total population.[66] Southampton also has large Asian and Irish communities. At the 2001 Census, 92.4 per cent of the city's populace was White—including one per cent White Irish—3.8 per cent were South Asian, 1.0 per cent Black, 1.3 per cent Chinese or other ethnic groups, and 1.5 per cent were of Mixed Race.[67]
There are 112,400 males within the city and 109,500 females.[65] The 20–24 age range is the most populous, with an estimated 32,300 people falling in this age range. Next largest is the 25–29 range with 24,700 people and then 30–34 years with 17,800.[65] By population, Southampton is the largest monocentric city in the South East England region and the second largest on the South Coast after Plymouth.
Between 1996 and 2004, the population of the city increased by 4.9 per cent—the tenth biggest increase in England.[68] In 2005 the Government Statistics stated that Southampton was the third most densely populated city in the country after London and Portsmouth respectively.[69] Hampshire County Council expects the city's population to grow by around a further two per cent between 2006 and 2013, adding around another 4,200 to the total number of residents.[70] The highest increases are expected among the elderly.[70]
Economy[link]
There are 120,305 jobs in Southampton, and 3,570 people claiming job seeker's allowance, approximately 2.4 per cent of the city's population, as at March 2007.[71] This compares with an average of 2.5 per cent for England as a whole.
As of June 2006, 74.7 per cent of the city's population are classed as economically active.[71]
Just over a quarter of the jobs available in the city are in the health and education sector. A further 19 per cent are property and other business and the third largest sector is wholesale and retail, which accounts for 16.2 percent.[71] Between 1995 and 2004, the number of jobs in Southampton has increased by 18.5 per cent.[68]
As of January 2007, the average annual salary in the city was £22,267. This was £1,700 lower than the national average and £3,800 less than the average for the South East.[72]
File:Carnival House.jpg
Carnival House, Southampton, England. Corporate headquarters of Carnival UK
Southampton has always been a port, and the docks have long been a major employer in the city. In particular, it is a port for cruise ships; its heyday was the first half of the 20th century, and in particular the inter-war years, when it handled almost half the passenger traffic of the UK. Today it remains home to luxury cruise ships, as well as being the largest freight port on the Channel coast and fourth largest UK port by tonnage,[73] with several container terminals. Unlike some other ports, such as Liverpool, London, and Bristol, where industry and docks have largely moved out of the city centres leaving room for redevelopment, Southampton retains much of its inner-city industry. Despite the still active and expanding docklands to the west of the city centre, further enhanced with the opening of a fourth cruise terminal in 2009, parts of the eastern docks have been redeveloped; the Ocean Village development, which included a local marina and entertainment complex, is a good example. Southampton is home to the headquarters of both the Maritime and Coastguard Agency and the Marine Accident Investigation Branch of the Department for Transport in addition to cruise operator Carnival UK.[74][75]
During the latter half of the 20th century, a more diverse range of industry also came to the city, including aircraft and car manufacture, cables, electrical engineering products, and petrochemicals. These now exist alongside the city's older industries of the docks, grain milling, and tobacco processing.[4]
University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust is one of the city's largest employers. It provides local hospital services to 500,000 people in the Southampton area and specialist regional services to more than 3 million people across the South of England. The Trust owns and manages Southampton General Hospital, the Princess Anne Hospital and a palliative care service at Countess Mountbatten House, part of the Moorgreen Hospital site in the village of West End, just outside the city.
Other major employers in the city include Ordnance Survey, the UK's national mapping agency, whose headquarters is located in a new building on the outskirts of the city, opened in February 2011.[76] The Lloyd's Register Group has announced plans to move its London marine operations to a specially developed site at the University of Southampton.[77] The area of Swaythling is home to Ford's Southampton Assembly Plant, where the majority of their Transit models are manufactured.
Southampton's largest retail centre is the WestQuay Shopping Centre. Opened in September 2000 and hosting major high street stores including John Lewis and Marks and Spencer, it is one of the largest in the country. The centre was Phase Two of the West Quay development of the former Pirelli undersea cables factory; the first phase of this was the West Quay Retail Park, while the third phase (Watermark Westquay) has yet to begin. The plans for this third stage include shops, housing, an hotel and a public piazza alongside the Town Walls on Western Esplanade.[78] Southampton has also been granted a licence for a large casino.[79] A further part of the redevelopment of the West Quay site resulted in a new store, opened on 12 February 2009, for Swedish home products retailer IKEA.[80] Other major shopping areas in the city centre include Marlands Shopping Centre and the Bargate Centre, both linking onto the main shopping street of Above Bar Street. There is also the East Street area which has been designated for speciality shopping, with the aim of promoting smaller retailers, alongside the chain store Debenhams. In 2007, Southampton was ranked 13th for shopping in the UK.[81]
Southampton's strong economy is promoting redevelopment, and major projects are proposed, including the city's first skyscrapers on the waterfront. The three towers proposed will stand 23 storeys high and will be surrounded by smaller apartment blocks, office blocks and shops. There are also plans for a 15-storey hotel at the Ocean Village marina,[82] and a 21-storey hotel on the north eastern corner of the city centre, as part of a £100m development.[83]
According to 2004 figures, Southampton contributes around £4.2 bn to the regional economy annually. The vast majority of this is from the service sector, with the remainder coming from industry in the city. This figure has almost doubled since 1995.[84]
Culture, media and sport[link]
Culture[link]
The city is home to the longest surviving stretch of medieval walls in England,[85] as well as a number of museums such as Tudor House Museum, recently re-opened on 30 July 2011 after undergoing extensive restoration and improvement, Southampton Maritime Museum,[86] God's House Tower, an archaeology museum about the citys heritage and located in one of the tower walls, the Medieval Merchant's House and Solent Sky, which focuses on aviation.[87] A new museum is set to open in April 2012 in the centre of the city. The Sea City museum is located in the west wing of the civic centre, formerly occupied by Hampshire Constabulary and the Magistrates' Court, and focuses on Southampton's trading history and on the RMS Titanic. The museum received half a million pounds from the National Lottery in addition to interest from numerous private investors and is budgeted at £28 million.
The annual Southampton Boat Show is held in September each year, with over 600 exhibitors present.[88] It runs for just over a week at Mayflower Park on the city's waterfront, where it has been held since 1968.[89] The Boat Show itself is the climax of Sea City, which runs from April to September each year to celebrate Southampton's links with the sea.[90]
In July 2007, the Daily Echo quoted a survey which described Southampton one of the best places to live in the UK for single people aged 18 to 30. This was owing to its "low cost of living, wide array of bars and clubs and cheap transport". Women voted it second best behind London, while men rated it as seventh.[91]
The largest theatre in the city is the 2,300 capacity Mayflower Theatre (formerly known as the Gaumont), which, as the largest theatre in Southern England, has hosted West End shows such as Les Misérables, The Rocky Horror Show and Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, as well as regular visits from Welsh National Opera and English National Ballet. There is also the Nuffield Theatre[92] based at the University of Southampton's Highfield campus, which provides a venue for the Nuffield Theatre Company, touring companies, and local performing societies such as Southampton Operatic Society, the Maskers and the University Players.
There are many innovative art galleries in the city. The City Art Gallery at the Civic Centre is one of the best known and houses several permanent and travelling exhibitions, however the Millais Gallery at Southampton Solent University, the John Hansard Gallery at Southampton University as well as smaller galleries including the Art House[93] in Above Bar Street provide a different view.[94] The city's Bargate is also an art gallery run by the arts organisation "a space". A space also run the Art Vaults project, which creatively uses several of Southampton's medieval vaults, halls and cellars as venues for contemporary art installations.
In August 2009, work began on a significant project to create an Arts Quarter in the city centre, on land adjacent to the Guildhall.[95]
Music venues[link]
Southampton has two large live music venues, the Mayflower Theatre (formerly the Gaumont Theatre) and the Guildhall. The Guildhall has seen concerts from a wide range of popular artists including Pink Floyd,[96] David Bowie,[96] Delirious?,[97] Manic Street Preachers,[96] The Killers,[96] The Kaiser Chiefs[96] and Amy Winehouse.[96] It also hosts classical concerts presented by the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra,[98] City of Southampton Orchestra,[99] Southampton Concert Orchestra,[100] Southampton Philharmonic Choir[101] and Southampton Choral Society.[102]
The city also has several smaller music venues, including the Brook,[103] The Talking Heads,[104] The Soul Cellar,[105] The Joiners[106] and Turner Sims Concert Hall, located at the University of Southampton Highfield campus,[107] as well as smaller "club circuit" venues like Hampton's and Lennon's, and a number of public houses including the Platform tavern, the Dolphin, the Blue Keys and many others. The Joiners has played host to such acts as Oasis, Radiohead, Green Day, Suede, PJ Harvey, the Manic Street Preachers, Coldplay, the Verve, the Libertines and Franz Ferdinand, while Hampton's and Lennon's have hosted early appearances by Kate Nash, Scouting for Girls and Band of Skulls.
The city is home or birthplace to a growing number of contemporary musicians such as R'n'B soulstar Craig David, Coldplay drummer Will Champion, former Holloways singer Rob Skipper and alternative rock bands Band of Skulls, the Delays and Thomas Tantrum as well as 1980s popstar Howard Jones. Born in Southampton but now living in Canberra is renowned singer/songwriter Michael Catterall.[108]
Cruise shipping[link]
Southampton's tradition of luxury cruising began in 1840[citation needed].
Many of the world's largest cruise ships can regularly be seen in Southampton Water, including record-breaking vessels from Royal Caribbean and Carnival Corporation & plc. The latter has headquarters in Southampton, with its brands including Princess Cruises, P&O Cruises and Cunard Line.
The city has a particular connection to Cunard Line and their fleet of ships. This was particularly evident on 11 November 2008 when the Cunard Liner RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 departed the city for the final time amid a spectacular fireworks display after a full day of celebrations.[109] Cunard ships are regularly launched in the city, for example Queen Victoria was named by HRH The Duchess of Cornwall in December 2007, and the Queen named the Queen Elizabeth in the city during October 2011.
The importance of Southampton to the cruise industry is indicated by P&O Cruises's 175th anniversary celebrations, which include all seven of the company's liners visiting Southampton in a single day. Adonia, Arcadia, Aurora, Azura, Oceana, Oriana and Ventura will leave the city in a procession on 3 July 2012.[110]
Media[link]
Local media include the Southern Daily Echo newspaper based in Redbridge and BBC South, which has its regional headquarters in the city centre opposite the civic centre. From there the BBC broadcasts South Today, the local television news bulletin and BBC Radio Solent. The local ITV franchise is Meridian, which has its headquarters in Whiteley, around nine miles (14 km) from the city. Until recently, the station's studios were located in the Northam area of the city on land reclaimed from the River Itchen.
Southampton also has 2 community radio stations, both broadcasting to a Asian and ethnic minority audience; Unity 101.1 FM (www.unity101.org) broadcasting full time since 2006, and Awaaz FM (www.awaazfm.com) located in the inner city. Commercial radio stations broadcasting to the city include The Breeze, previously The Saint and currently broadcasting Hot adult contemporary music, Capital, previously Power FM and Galaxy and broadcasting popular music, Wave 105 and Heart Hampshire, the latter previously Ocean FM and both broadcasting adult contemporary music, and 106 Jack FM (www.jackradio.com), previously The Coast 106. In addition, Southampton University has a radio station called SURGE, broadcasting on AM band as well as through the web.
Between 1983–1992 the What's On listings magazine Due South was run from Southampton.
Sport[link]
Southampton is home to Southampton Football Club—nicknamed "The Saints"—who (come August) will play in the Premier League at St Mary's Stadium, having relocated in 2001 from their 103-year-old former stadium, "The Dell". They reached the top flight of English football (First Division) for the first time in 1966, staying there for eight years. They lifted the FA Cup with a shock victory over Manchester United in 1976, returned to the top flight two years later, and stayed there for 27 years (becoming founder members of the Premier League in 1992) before they were relegated in 2005. Their highest league position came in 1984 when they were runners-up in the old First Division. They were also runners-up in the 1979 Football League Cup final and 2003 FA Cup final. Notable former managers include Ted Bates, Lawrie McMenemy, Chris Nicholl, Ian Branfoot, Gordon Strachan, there is a strong rivalry between Portsmouth F.C. ("South Coast derby") which is located only about 30 km away.
Southamption also has a Non-League football club Team Solent F.C., which plays at the Test Park Sports Ground.The two local Sunday Leagues in the Southampton area are the City of Southampton Sunday Football League and the Southampton and District Sunday Football League. Hampshire County Cricket Club play close to the city, at the Rose Bowl in West End, after previously playing at the County Cricket Ground and the Antelope Ground, both near the city centre.
The city hockey club, Southampton Hockey Club, founded in 1938, is now one of the largest and highly regarded clubs in Hampshire, fielding 7 senior men's and 5 senior ladies teams on a weekly basis along with boys’ and girls’ teams from 6 upwards.
The city is also well provided for in amateur men's and women's rugby with a number of teams in and around the city, the oldest of which is Trojans RFC who were promoted to London South West 2 division in 2008/9. Tottonians are also in London South West division 2 and Southampton RFC are in Hampshire division 1 in 2009/10, alongside Millbrook RFC and Eastleigh RFC. Many of the sides run mini and midi teams from under sevens up to under sixteens for both boys and girls.
The city provides for yachting and water sports, with a number of marinas. From 1977 to 2001 the Whitbread Around the World Yacht Race, which is now known as the Volvo Ocean Race was based in Southampton's Ocean Village marina.
The city also has the Southampton Sports Centre which is the focal point for the public's sporting and outdoor activities and includes an Alpine Centre, theme park and athletics centre which is used by professional athletes. With the addition of 11 other additional leisure venures which are currently operate by the Council leisure executives. However these have been sold the operating rights to "Park Wood Leisure."[111]
Southampton was named "fittest city in the UK" in 2006 by Men's Fitness magazine. The results were based on the incidence of heart disease, the amount of junk food and alcohol consumed, and the level of gym membership.[112] In 2007, it had slipped one place behind London, but was still ranked first when it came to the parks and green spaces available for exercise and the amount of television watched by Sotonians was the lowest in the country.[113] Speedway racing took place at Bannister Court Stadium in the pre-war era. It returned in the 1940s after WW2 and the Saints operated until the stadium closed down at the end of 1963. A training track operated in the 1950s in the Hamble area. Southampton is also home to one of the most successful College American Football teams in the UK, the Southampton Stags, who play at the Wide Lane Sports Facility in Eastleigh.
The world's oldest surviving bowling green is the Southampton Old Bowling Green, which was first used in 1299.[114]
Crime[link]
According to government figures Southampton has a higher crime rate than the national average.[115] In the violence against the person category, the national average is 16.7 per 1000 population while Southampton is 42.4 per 1000 population and in the theft from a vehicle category, the national average is 7.6 per 1000 compared to Southampton's 28.4 per 1000. Overall, for every 1,000 people in the city, 202 crimes are recorded.[115] In August 2008, a Home Office crime report showed that Southampton is the 3rd most dangerous city in the UK.[116] Hampshire Constabulary's figures for 2009/10 show fewer incidents of recorded crime in Southampton than the previous year.[117]
Education[link]
See also: List of schools in Southampton
The city has a strong higher education sector. The University of Southampton and Southampton Solent University together have a student population of over 40,000.
The University of Southampton, which was founded in 1862 and received its Royal Charter as a university in 1952, has over 22,000 students.[118] The university is ranked in the top 100 research universities in the world in the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2010. In 2010, the THES - QS World University Rankings positioned the University of Southampton in the top 80 universities in the world. The university considers itself one of the top 5 research universities in the UK.[118][119][120] The university has a global reputation for research into engineering sciences,[121] oceanography, chemistry, cancer sciences, sound and vibration research,[122] computer science and electronics, optoelectronics and textile conservation at the Textile Conservation Centre[123] (which is due to close in October 2009.) It is also home to the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (NOCS), the focus of Natural Environment Research Council-funded marine research.
Southampton Solent University has 17,000[124] students and its strengths are in the training, design, consultancy, research and other services undertaken for business and industry.[125] It is also host to the Warsash Maritime Academy, which provides training and certification for the international shipping and off-shore oil industries.
Unlike most parts of the country, only two schools possess sixth forms. Instead there are two sixth form colleges: Itchen College and Taunton's College. A number of Southampton pupils will travel outside the city, for example to Barton Peveril College. Southampton City College is further education college serving the city. The college offers a range of vocational courses for school leavers, as well as ESOL programmes and Access courses for adult learners.[126]
There are 79 state run schools in Southampton, comprising:
- 1 nursery school (The Hardmoor Early Years Centre in Bassett Green)
- 21 infant schools (ages 4 – 7)
- 16 junior schools (ages 7 – 11)
- 24 primary schools (ages 4 – 11)
- 8 secondary schools (ages 11 – 16)
- 2 secondary schools with sixth forms (ages 11–18)
- 2 academies (Oasis Academy Mayfield and Oasis Academy Lord's Hill)
- 5 special schools[127]
There are also independent schools, including The Gregg School, King Edward VI School and St Mary's College.
Over 40 per cent of school pupils in the city that responded to a survey claimed to have been the victim of bullying. More than 2,000 took part and said that verbal bullying was the most common form, although physical bullying was a close second for boys.[128]
It has been revealed that Southampton has the worst behaved secondary schools within the UK. With suspension rates three times the national average, the suspension rate is approximately 1 in every 14 children, the highest in the country for physical or verbal assaults against staff.[129]
Transport[link]
Main article: History of Southampton#Transport History
Road[link]
Southampton is a major UK port which has good transport links with the rest of the country. The M27 motorway, linking places along the south coast of England, runs just to the north of the city. The M3 motorway links the city to London and also, via a link to the A34 (part of the European route E05) at Winchester, with the Midlands and North. The M271 motorway is a spur of the M27, linking it with the Western Docks and city centre.
Rail[link]
Southampton is also served by the rail network, which is used both by freight services to and from the docks and passenger services as part of the national rail system. The main station in the city is Southampton Central. Rail routes run east towards Portsmouth, north to Winchester, the Midlands and London, and westwards to Bournemouth, Poole, Dorchester, Weymouth, Salisbury, Bristol and Cardiff.
Local train services operate in the central, southern and eastern sections of the city and are operated by South West Trains, with stations at Swaythling, St Denys, Millbrook, Redbridge, Bitterne, Sholing and Woolston. Plans were announced by Hampshire County Council in July 2009 for the introduction of tram-train running from Hythe (on what is now a freight-only line to Fawley) via Totton to Southampton Central Station and on to Fareham via St. Denys, and Swanwick.[130] The proposal follows a failed plan to bring light-rail to the Portsmouth and Gosport areas in 2005.
Air[link]
Southampton Airport is a regional airport located in the town of Eastleigh, just north of the city. It offers flights to UK and near European destinations, and is connected to the city by a frequent rail service from Southampton Airport (Parkway) railway station, and by bus services.
Ferry[link]
While Southampton is no longer the base for any cross-channel ferries, it is the terminus for three internal ferry services, all of which operate from terminals at Town Quay. Two of these, a car ferry service and a fast catamaran passenger ferry service, provide links to East Cowes and Cowes respectively on the Isle of Wight and are operated by Red Funnel. The third ferry is the Hythe Ferry, providing a passenger service to Hythe on the other side of Southampton Water.
Southampton used to be home to a number of ferry services to the continent, with destinations such as San Sebastian, Lisbon, Tangier and Casablanca. A ferry port was built during the 1960s.[131] However a number of these relocated to Portsmouth and by 1996, there were no longer any car ferries operating from Southampton with the exception of services to the Isle of Wight. The land used for Southampton Ferry Port was sold off and a retail and housing development was built on the site. The Princess Alexandra Dock was converted into a marina. New car reception areas now fill the Eastern Docks where passengers, dry docks and trains used to be.
Buses[link]
Buses now provide the majority of local public transport. The main bus operators are First Southampton and Bluestar. Other operators include Brijan Tours, Stagecoach, Velvet and Wilts & Dorset. The other large service provider is the Uni-link bus service (running from early in the morning to midnight), which was commissioned by the University of Southampton to provide transport from the university to the town. Previously run by Enterprise, it is now run by Bluestar. Free buses are provided by City-link and City Loop.[132] The City-link runs from the Red Funnel ferry terminal at Town Quay to Central station via WestQuay and is operated by Bluestar.[133] There is also a door to door minibus service called Southampton Dial a Ride, for residents who cannot access public transport. This is funded by the council and operated by SCA Support Services.
There are two main termini for bus services. As the biggest operator, First uses stops around Pound Tree Road. This leaves the other terminal of West Quay available for other operators. Uni-link passes West Quay in both directions, and Wilts & Dorset drop passengers off and pick them up there, terminating at a series of bus stands along the road. Certain Bluestar services also do this, while others stop at Bargate and some loop round West Quay, stopping at Hanover Buildings. There was a tram system from 1879 to 1949.
Areas and suburbs[link]
Suburbs of Southampton within the city boundary
See also: Category:Districts of Southampton
Southampton is subdivided into council wards, suburbs, constituencies, ecclesiastical parishes, and other less formal areas.
Southampton is named the 'Green City' as it is graced with green spaces and parks. The largest green space is the 148 hectare Southampton Common,[134] parts of which are used to host the annual summer festivals, circuses and fun fairs. The Common includes Hawthorns Urban Wildlife Centre[135] on the former site of Southampton Zoo, a swimming pool and several lakes and ponds.
There are council estates such as those in the Weston, Thornhill and Townhill Park districts. Overall, the city is ranked 96th most deprived out of all 354 Local Authorities in England.[136]
During the 2006/07 financial year, 1,267 residential dwellings were built in the city—the highest number for 15 years. Over 94 per cent of these properties were flats.[137]
There are 16 Electoral Wards in Southampton, each consisting of longer-established neighbourhoods (see below).
There are also settlements outside the city boundaries that are sometimes considered suburbs of Southampton, including Chartwell Green, Chilworth, Nursling, Rownhams, Totton and West End. Additionally, the villages of Marchwood, Ashurst and Hedge End may be considered exurbs of Southampton.
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Notable people[link]
See also: Category:People from Southampton
Notable people who either hail from Southampton or who have lived in the city include: Filmmakers Ken Russell and Chris Barfoot, who were both born in Southampton; Coldplay drummer, Will Champion, whose father[138] and late mother[139] taught at the university. Musician Aqualung was born in the city; R&B singer Craig David was brought up on the Holyrood estate in the city centre; SKY & International Radio Presenter Andy Collins and naturalist TV presenter Chris Packham are natives and Oscar-winning director of animated films Suzie Templeton grew up in Highfield. Southampton is also the origin of Drone Doom band Moss and alternative pop group Delays. Although many believe BBC Radio One DJ Scott Mills to come from the city he is actually from Eastleigh, he often states that his home was Southampton for convenience as many have not heard of Eastleigh, though comedian Benny Hill had a milk round there – the inspiration for his song Ernie (The Fastest Milkman In The West).
In the past, the city was home to Isaac Watts, a famous hymn writer, who notably composed O God, Our Help in Ages Past which is the school hymn of the King Edward VI school in the city and the peal of the Civic Centre clock tower.
Admiral John Jellicoe, commander of the British fleet at the Battle of Jutland was a Sotonian and Argentine governor Juan Manuel de Rosas spent his last years in exile in the city.
Author Jane Austen lived at her brother Frank's home in Southampton from the autumn of 1806 to the spring of 1809.
Thriller writer Brian Freemantle in the 1936 born in Southampton.
2010 The X Factor winner Matt Cardle was born in Southampton.
Merchant Mariner Charles Fryatt was born in Southampton in 1872.
Former England and Southampton footballer Matthew Le Tissier has lived in Southampton since the mid-1980s, and Olympic athlete Iwan Thomas lives there as did former tennis players Wally Masur and Eric Babin.
Twin towns[link]
Southampton is twinned with:
- Le Havre, France (since 1973)[140][141][142]
- Rems-Murr-Kreis, Germany (since 1991)[141]
- Kalisz, Poland[143]
- Trieste, Italy (since 2002)
- Hampton, Virginia, United States [144][145]
- Qingdao, People's Republic of China (since 1998)[141]
- Busan, South Korea (since 1978)[146]
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- ^ Southampton City Council. "Southampton Statistics, July 2007" (PDF). http://www.southampton.gov.uk/Images/Southampton%20City%20Statistics%20and%20Research%20July%202007_tcm46-182704.pdf. Retrieved 24 July 2007.
- ^ Southern Daily Echo. "Daily Echo Top 100". http://www.dailyecho.co.uk/heritage/hampshire100/100music/display.var.1485880.0.will_champion.php. Retrieved 29 November 2007.
- ^ Wessex Scene. "Southampton in world's top 200". http://www.wessexscene.co.uk/article.php?sid=1764. Retrieved 29 November 2007. [dead link]
- ^ "Le Havre Website – Twin Towns". Ovidio Limited. http://www.lehavre.eu/#Twin_towns. Retrieved 29 November 2008.
- ^ a b c "Linked cities". Southampton City Council. 3 January 2007. http://www.southampton.gov.uk/thecouncil/thecity/linkedcities.asp. Retrieved 7 January 2009.
- ^ "Twin Towns in Hampshire". www3.hants.gov.uk. http://www3.hants.gov.uk/localpages/twintown.htm. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
- ^ "Kalisz – the oldest town in Poland!". http://www.kalisz.info/english/. Retrieved 7 January 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "Sister Cities International". http://www.sister-cities.org/directory/USlistingsResults.cfm?selectedState=VA&submit=Search. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
- ^ "Sister Cities of Hampton, Virginia". http://sistercities-hamptonva.org/. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
- ^ Port of Busan, Sister Ports, Busan
External links[link]
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Coordinates: 50°53′49″N 1°24′15″W / 50.89696°N 1.40416°W / 50.89696; -1.40416
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southampton
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| James Horner | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | James Roy Horner |
| Born | (1953-08-14) August 14, 1953 (age 58) |
| Origin | Los Angeles, U.S. |
| Genres | Film score |
| Occupations | Composer |
| Instruments | piano |
| Years active | 1979–present |
| Associated acts | Will Jennings, Celine Dion, Sissel Kyrkjebø, Ian Underwood, Randy Kerber, Faith Hill, Josh Groban, Linda Ronstadt, Charlotte Church, Rahat Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Leona Lewis, Michael Jackson, London Philharmonic Orchestra |
James Roy Horner (born August 14, 1953)[1] is an American composer, orchestrator, and conductor of orchestral and film music. He is noted for the integration of choral and electronic elements in many of his film scores, and for frequent use of Celtic musical elements. His score to the 1997 film Titanic remains the best selling orchestral film soundtrack of all time.[2][3]
In addition, Horner has scored over 100 films, frequently collaborating with acclaimed directors such as James Cameron and Ron Howard. Some of his most noteworthy works include Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (1982), Star Trek III: The Search for Spock (1984), Cocoon (1985), An American Tail (1986), Aliens (1986), The Land Before Time (1988), Willow (1988), Glory (1989), Field of Dreams (1989), The Rocketeer (1991), Legends of the Fall (1994), Apollo 13 (1995), Braveheart (1995), The Mask of Zorro (1998), A Beautiful Mind (2001), Troy (2004), and Avatar (2009).
Horner has won two Academy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, three Satellite Awards, three Saturn Awards, and has been nominated for three BAFTA Awards. His body of work is also notable for including the scores to the two highest-grossing films of all time; Titanic (1997) and Avatar (2009), both of which were directed by James Cameron.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Horner was born in Los Angeles, the son of Austrian immigrants Joan (née Frankel) and Harry Horner, who was a production designer, set designer and occasional film director.[4]
Horner started playing piano at the age of five. His early years were spent in London, where he attended the Royal College of Music. He subsequently attended Verde Valley High School in Sedona, Arizona. He received his bachelor's degree in music from the University of Southern California, and eventually earned a master's and started working on his doctorate at the University of California, Los Angeles where he studied with Paul Chihara, among others. After several scoring assignments with the American Film Institute in the 1970s, he finished his teaching of music theory at UCLA and turned to film scoring.[5]
Film and television scoring[link]
Horner's first major film score was for the 1979 film, The Lady in Red. He began his film scoring career by working for B film director and producer Roger Corman, with his first composer credit for Corman's big-budget Battle Beyond the Stars. His works steadily gained notice in Hollywood, which led him to take on larger projects. Horner made a breakthrough in 1982, when he had the chance to score for Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, establishing himself as a mainstream composer.
Horner continued composing music for high-profile releases during the 1980s, including 48 Hrs. (1982), Krull (1983), Star Trek III: The Search for Spock (1984), Commando (1985), Cocoon (1985), Aliens (1986), *batteries not included, Willow (1988), Glory and Field of Dreams (both 1989).
Aliens earned Horner his first Academy Award nomination. He has been nominated an additional nine times since. Horner's scores have been sampled in film trailers for other films. The climax of the track Bishop's Countdown from his score for Aliens ranks fifth in the most commonly-used soundtrack cues for film trailers.[6] Also, an unused fragment from Aliens was featured in a scene from Die Hard. Several films whose scores were composed by Michael Kamen have had trailers featuring Horner's music; most notably, the music from Willow is substituted for the theme Kamen wrote for the 1993 remake of The Three Musketeers. Horner also added his nominated Braveheart "For the Love of a Princess" single for Robert Zemeckis's Theatrical Trailer of Cast Away.
Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, Horner also wrote orchestral scores for children's films (particularly those produced by Amblin Entertainment), with credits for An American Tail (1986), The Land Before Time (1988), An American Tail: Fievel Goes West (1991), We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (1993), and Casper, Jumanji, and Balto (all from 1995).
1995 saw Horner produce no fewer than six scores, including his commercially successful and critically acclaimed works for Braveheart and Apollo 13, both of which earned him Academy Award nominations. Horner's greatest financial and critical success would come in 1997, with the score to the motion picture, Titanic. The album became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack in history, selling over 27 million copies worldwide.[7]
At the 70th Academy Awards, Horner won Oscars for Best Original Dramatic Score and Best Original Song for "My Heart Will Go On" (which he co-wrote with Will Jennings). In addition, Horner and Jennings won three Grammy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards for the soundtrack and My Heart Will Go On.[8][9] Titanic also marked the first time in ten years that Horner worked with director James Cameron (following the highly stressful scoring sessions for Aliens, Horner declared that he would never work with Cameron again and described the experience of scoring the film Aliens as "a nightmare").[citation needed]
Since Titanic, Horner has continued to score for major productions (including The Perfect Storm, A Beautiful Mind, Enemy At The Gates, The Mask of Zorro, The Legend of Zorro, House of Sand and Fog and Bicentennial Man).[1]
Aside from scoring major productions, Horner periodically works on smaller projects such as Iris, Radio and Bobby Jones: A Stroke of Genius. He received his eighth and ninth Academy Award nominations for A Beautiful Mind (2001) and House of Sand and Fog (2003), but lost on both occasions to Howard Shore. He frequently collaborates with film director Ron Howard, a partnership that began with Cocoon in 1985. Coincidentally, Horner's end title music from Glory can be heard in the trailer for Howard's Backdraft.
Horner composed the 2006-2011 theme music for the CBS Evening News. The theme was introduced as part of the debut of Katie Couric as anchor on September 5, 2006. It has since been adopted by most other CBS News programs as well.[citation needed]
Horner recollaborated with James Cameron on the 2009 film Avatar, which was released in December 2009 and has since become the highest grossing film of all time, surpassing Titanic (also directed by Cameron and scored by Horner).
Horner spent over two years working on the score for Avatar, and did not take on any other projects during that time. Horner's work on Avatar earned him numerous award nominations, including his tenth Oscar nomination, a Golden Globe nomination, a BAFTA nomination, and a Grammy Award nomination, all of which he lost to Michael Giacchino for Up.[10]
Regarding the experience of scoring Avatar, Horner said, "Avatar has been the most difficult film I have worked on and the biggest job I have undertaken... I work from four in the morning to about ten at night and that’s been my way of life since March. That's the world I'm in now and it makes you feel estranged from everything. I'll have to recover from that and get my head out of Avatar."[11] It is currently unknown whether or not Horner will return as composer for the sequel(s) to Avatar.
Horner recently composed the score for the film The Karate Kid replacing Atli Örvarsson. This is the first film Horner has worked on since Avatar.[12] The film was released in 2010.
Horner has recently scored The Song of Names (2011)[13], as well as The Amazing Spider-Man, which stars Andrew Garfield and is set for release in July 2012.
Critical debate[link]
Horner has been criticised for transposing hooks, orchestral motifs, or larger passages from other scores of his own or of other composers.[14][15] These contentions are points of fierce debates between supporters of Horner and his detractors.[16]
List of scores[link]
Film[link]
1970s[link]
- 1978 The Drought (for the American Film Institute)
- 1978 Fantasies (for the American Film Institute)
- 1978 Gist and Evans (for the American Film Institute)
- 1978 Landscapes (for the American Film Institute)
- 1978 Just for a Laugh (for the American Film Institute)
- 1978 The Watcher (for the American Film Institute)
- 1979 The Lady in Red
- 1979 Up from the Depths
1980s[link]
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1990s[link]
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2000s[link]
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2010s[link]
- 2010 The Karate Kid
- 2011 Black Gold[17]
- 2012 Cristiada (aka For Greater Glory)
- 2012 The Amazing Spider-Man
- 2013 The Song of Names[13]
Television[link]
- 1981 A Few Days in Weasel Creek
- 1982 A Piano for Mrs. Cimino
- 1983 Between Friends
- 1985 Amazing Stories (Episode: "Alamo Jobe")
- 1985 Faerie Tale Theatre (Episode: "The Pied Piper of Hamelin")
- 1985 Surviving
- 1990 Tales from the Crypt (Episode: "Cutting Cards")
- 1990 Extreme Close-Up
- 1992 Crossroads (theme)
- 1992 Fish Police (theme and pilot episode)
- 2000 Freedom Song
- 2006 CBS Evening News
Short films[link]
- 1985 Let's Go
- 1986 Captain EO (shown at Walt Disney theme parks worldwide)
- 1989 Tummy Trouble
- 1991 Norman and the Killer
Concert works[link]
- 1976: "Conversations"
- 1977: "Spectral Shimmers"
- 1998: "Titanic Suite"
- 2000: "A Forest Passage"
Miscellaneous works[link]
- Logo music for Universal Pictures (1990–1997), Lionsgate, Icon Productions and CBS Films.
- THX trailer "Cimarron"
- Music for the P-51 aerobatic flight team "The Horsemen"[18][19]
Awards and nominations[link]
Horner has won two Academy Awards for Best Original Score (Titanic) and Best Original Song ("My Heart Will Go On") in 1998, and has been nominated for Oscars an additional eight times. He has also won two Golden Globe Awards, three Satellite Awards, three Saturn Awards, and has been nominated for three BAFTA Awards.
AFI[link]
In 2005, the American Film Institute unveiled their list of America's top twenty-five film scores. Five of Horner's scores were among 250 nominees, making him the most nominated composer to not make the top twenty-five:[20]
- Apollo 13 (1995)
- Braveheart (1995)
- Field of Dreams (1989)
- Glory (1989)
- Titanic (1997)
List of accolades[link]
| Award | Year | Project | Category | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Academy Awards | 1986 | Aliens | Best Original Score | Nominated |
| "Somewhere Out There" (from An American Tail; shared with Cynthia Weil) | Best Original Song | Nominated | ||
| 1989 | Field of Dreams | Best Original Score | Nominated | |
| 1995 | Apollo 13 | Best Original Dramatic Score | Nominated | |
| Braveheart | Best Original Dramatic Score | Nominated | ||
| 1997 | Titanic | Best Original Dramatic Score | Won | |
| "My Heart Will Go On" (from Titanic; shared with Will Jennings) | Best Original Song | Won | ||
| 2001 | A Beautiful Mind | Best Original Score | Nominated | |
| 2003 | House Of Sand And Fog | Best Original Score | Nominated | |
| 2009 | Avatar | Best Original Score | Nominated | |
| BAFTA Awards | 1995 | Braveheart | Best Film Music | Nominated |
| 1997 | Titanic | Best Film Music | Nominated | |
| 2009 | Avatar | Best Film Music | Nominated | |
| Chicago Film Critics Association | 1997 | Titanic | Best Original Score | Won |
| 2001 | A Beautiful Mind | Best Original Score | Nominated | |
| 2009 | Avatar | Best Original Score | Nominated | |
| Golden Globe Awards | 1986 | "Somewhere Out There" (from An American Tail; shared with Cynthia Weil) | Best Original Song | Nominated |
| 1989 | Glory | Best Original Score | Nominated | |
| 1991 | "Dreams to Dream" (from An American Tail: Fievel Goes West; shared with Will Jennings) | Best Original Song | Nominated | |
| 1994 | Legends of the Fall | Best Original Score | Nominated | |
| 1995 | Braveheart | Best Original Score | Nominated | |
| 1997 | Titanic | Best Original Score | Won | |
| "My Heart Will Go On" (from Titanic; shared with Will Jennings) | Best Original Song | Won | ||
| 2001 | A Beautiful Mind | Best Original Score | Nominated | |
| 2009 | Avatar | Best Original Score | Nominated | |
| Satellite Awards | 1997 | Titanic | Best Original Score | Won |
| "My Heart Will Go On" (from Titanic; shared with Will Jennings) | Best Original Song | Won | ||
| 2001 | A Beautiful Mind | Best Original Score | Nominated | |
| "All Love Can Be" (from A Beautiful Mind; shared with Will Jennings) | Best Original Song | Won | ||
| 2003 | The Missing | Best Original Score | Nominated | |
| Saturn Awards | 1983 | Brainstorm | Best Music | Won |
| Krull | Best Music | Nominated | ||
| Something Wicked This Way Comes | Best Music | Nominated | ||
| 1985 | Cocoon | Best Music | Nominated | |
| 1986 | An American Tail | Best Music | Nominated | |
| 1989 | Honey, I Shrunk the Kids | Best Music | Nominated | |
| 1995 | Braveheart | Best Music | Nominated | |
| 2000 | How the Grinch Stole Christmas | Best Music | Won | |
| 2009 | Avatar | Best Music | Won |
- 1988: An American Tail
- 1988: "Somewhere Out There" (from: An American Tail, Winner)
- 1990: Field of Dreams
- 1991: Glory (Winner)
- 1996: "Whatever You Imagine" (from: The Pagemaster)
- 1999: "My Heart Will Go On" (from: Titanic, Winner)
- 2003: A Beautiful Mind
References[link]
- ^ a b Clemmensen, Christian. "James Horner (1953-)". Filmtracks.com. http://www.filmtracks.com/composers/horner.shtml. Retrieved 21 May 2012.
- ^ USA Today coverage of Horner's work
- ^ Clemmensen, Christian (18 November 1997, Revised 16 April 2012). "Titanic (James Horner)". Filmtracks.com. http://www.filmtracks.com/titles/titanic.html. Retrieved 21 May 2012.
- ^ , also known as "Big balls Johnson" Harry Horner's films as art director
- ^ MacDonald, Laurence E. The invisible art of film music: a comprehensive history. Ardsley House Publishers, 1998: p. 328 [1]
- ^ "Top 100 Frequently Used Cues". soundtrack.net. http://www.soundtrack.net/trailers/frequent. Retrieved December 19, 2007.
- ^ New mom Dion back with new album, Vegas deal
- ^ Horner's win at the 70th annual Oscar telecast
- ^ HFPA – Awards Search
- ^ Clemmensen, Christian (25 January 2010, revised 2 August 2011). "Up: (Michael Giacchino)". Filmtracks.com. http://www.filmtracks.com/titles/up.html. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
- ^ Times Online
- ^ Horner assigned to The Karate Kid film remake
- ^ a b The Song of Names (2011) – Full cast and crew
- ^ Thomas Muething, "Wen immer es angeht" (To Whom It May Concern), in: Der Deutsche Film Musik-Dienst, Nr.30/1995 (in German)
- ^ Alex Ross, "Oscar Scores", in The New Yorker, March 9, 1998.
- ^ Lukas Kendall & Jeff Bond, "Letters about James Horner's Titanic," in Film Score Monthly, 1997.
- ^ – filmmusicreporter.com
- ^ [2][dead link]
- ^ [3][dead link]
- ^ "AFI's 100 Years Of Film Scores". American Film Institute. 2005. http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/scores250.pdf?docID=221. Retrieved 24 May 2012.
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Horner, James |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1953-08-14 |
| Place of birth | Los Angeles |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Horner
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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