- published: 02 Sep 2011
- views: 423
- author: CrinkerCP55
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- Arsenic
- Arsenopyrite
- Ashburton, Devon
- Axminster
- Barge
- Barnstaple
- Bere Alston
- Bere Ferrers
- Bideford
- Bodmin
- Bone meal
- Bovey Tracey
- Bradninch
- Bridgerule
- Brixham
- Buckfastleigh
- Bude
- Bude Canal
- Budleigh Salterton
- Calcium oxide
- Callington, Cornwall
- Calstock
- Camborne
- Camelford
- Chagford
- Chudleigh
- Chulmleigh
- Colyton, Devon
- Copper
- Cornish language
- Cornwall
- Cornwall Council
- Cotehele
- Crediton
- Cullompton
- Culture of Cornwall
- Dartmoor
- Dartmouth, Devon
- Dawlish
- De Lank River
- Devon
- Devon County Council
- Devonport, Devon
- Diocese of Truro
- Duchy of Cornwall
- East Dart River
- East Devon
- East Okement River
- East Webburn River
- Economy of Devon
- England
- English Channel
- Exeter
- Exmoor
- Exmouth
- Falmouth, Cornwall
- Flag of Devon
- Fowey
- Gaff rig
- Gover Stream
- Great Torrington
- Gross tonnage
- Gunnislake
- Hamoaze
- Hartland, Devon
- Hatherleigh
- Hayle
- Head of tide
- Helford River
- Helston
- History of Cornwall
- History of Devon
- HMNB Devonport
- Holsworthy, Devon
- Honiton
- Hundreds of Cornwall
- Hydropower
- Ilfracombe
- Isles of Scilly
- Ivybridge
- Jurassic Coast
- Kingsbridge
- Kingsteignton
- Launceston, Cornwall
- Lead
- Lime kiln
- Liskeard
- Looe
- Lostwithiel
- Lynton
- Maker
- Marazion
- Mid Devon
- Modbury
- Moretonhampstead
- Morwellham Quay
- Morwenstow
- New Quay (Devon)
- Newlyn
- Newquay
- Newton Abbot
- North Devon
- North Tamerton
- North Tawton
- Northam, Devon
- Okehampton
- Ottery St Mary
- Padstow
- Paignton
- Par River (UK)
- Par, Cornwall
- Pasty
- Penryn, Cornwall
- Penzance
- Plymouth
- Plymouth Sound
- Plympton
- Politics of Cornwall
- Pont Pill
- Port Navas Creek
- Portal Cornwall
- Portal Devon
- Porthleven
- Princetown
- Red River, Cornwall
- Redruth
- River
- River Ashburn
- River Avon, Devon
- River Axe (Lyme Bay)
- River Barle
- River Bovey
- River Burn, Devon
- River Camel
- River Clyst
- River Cober
- River Creedy
- River Culm
- River Dart
- River Erme
- River Exe
- River Fal
- River Fowey
- River Gannel
- River Hayle
- River Heddon
- River Inny, Cornwall
- River Kensey
- River Lemon
- River Lew
- River Looe
- River Lumburn
- River Lyd (Devon)
- River Lynher
- River Meavy
- River Menalhyl
- River Mole, Devon
- River Okement
- River Otter
- River Ottery
- River Plym
- River Sid
- River Swincombe
- River Tamar
- River Tavy
- River Taw
- River Teign
- River Thames
- River Thrushel
- River Tiddy
- River Torridge
- River Truro
- River Valency
- River Walkham
- River Wallabrooke
- River Wolf
- River Yealm
- Royal Albert Bridge
- Royal Mint
- Saint Piran's Flag
- Salcombe
- Salmon
- Saltash
- Seaton, Devon
- Sidmouth
- Silver
- Slaking (geology)
- Source (river)
- South Hams
- South Molton
- South West England
- St Austell
- St Austell River
- St Blazey
- St Columb Major
- St Ives, Cornwall
- St Just-in-Penwith
- St Mawes
- Stannary
- Staysail
- Stonehouse, Plymouth
- Stratton, Cornwall
- Tamar Bridge
- Tamar Valley Line
- Tamar–Tavy Estuary
- Tavistock Abbey
- Tavistock Canal
- Tavistock, Devon
- Teignbridge
- Teignmouth
- Template Cornwall
- Template Devon
- Template talk Devon
- Three Towns
- Tin
- Tiverton, Devon
- Toll road
- Tonnage
- Torbay
- Torpoint
- Torquay
- Torridge
- Totnes
- Trail
- Trunk road
- Truro
- Tungsten
- Wadebridge
- West Dart River
- West Devon
- West Okement River
- West Webburn River
- World War II
- Æthelstan
-
Axminster
Coordinates: 50°46′52″N 3°00′00″W / 50.781°N 3.000°W / 50.781; -3.000
Axminster is a market town and civil parish on the eastern border of the county of Devon in England, some 28 miles (45 km) from the county's county town of Exeter. The town is built on a hill overlooking the River Axe which heads towards the English Channel at Axmouth, and is in the East Devon local government district. It has a population of 5,626. The market is still held every Thursday.
Axminster gave its name to a type of carpet. An Axminster-type power loom is capable of weaving high quality carpets with many varying colours and patterns. While Axminster carpet is made in the town of Axminster, this type of carpet is now manufactured all over the world.
The town dates back to the Celtic times of around 300 BC. It lies on two major Roman roads: the Fosse Way from Lincoln to Seaton, and the Dorchester–Exeter road. There was a Roman fort on the crossroads at Woodbury Farm, just south of the present town.
Axminster was recorded in the late 9th century as Ascanmynster and in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Aixeministra. The name means "monastery or large church by the River Axe" and is a mixture of languages; the river name Axe has Celtic origins and mynster is an Old English word.
wn.com/Axminster -
Barnstaple
Coordinates: 51°04′56″N 4°02′56″W / 51.0823°N 4.0489°W / 51.0823; -4.0489
Barnstaple
i/ˈbɑrnstəbəl/ is a town and civil parish in the local government district of North Devon in the county of Devon, England, UK. It lies 68 miles (109 km) west southwest of Bristol, 50 miles (80 km) north of Plymouth and 34 miles (55 km) northwest of the county town of Exeter. The old spelling Barnstable is now obsolete.
It is the main town of the district and claims to be the oldest borough in the United Kingdom. It was founded at the lowest crossing point of the River Taw, about 3 miles (5 km) from the Taw's seafall at the Bristol Channel. By the time of the Domesday Book, Barnstaple had its own mint. Its size and wealth in the Middle Ages was based on it being within the staple, a staple port licensed to export wool, though the town's name has a different derivation. The wool trade was further aided by the town's excellent port, with five ships being sent in 1588 to aid the fight against the Spanish Armada.
wn.com/Barnstaple -
Bere Alston
Coordinates: 50°29′00″N 4°12′00″W / 50.483333°N 4.2°W / 50.483333; -4.2
Bere Alston is a small village in West Devon in the county of Devon in England. It forms part of the civil parish of Bere Ferrers.
With a population of approximately 2000,[citation needed] the village lies in the Bere peninsula, between the rivers Tamar and Tavy. Its origins lie in the once thriving local mining industry and market gardening sector. At one time, the mainline trains to London would stop at the village to pick up locally grown produce destined for the capital.
Trains still run to Bere Alston railway station on the picturesque Tamar Valley Line, and there has been discussion of making the town a junction once again by reopening the former 'main line' to Tavistock, the largest town in Devon currently without a railway station. Occasionally reopening the whole line through to Okehampton and Exeter is suggested, since the current Plymouth to Exeter route is dependent on an extremely vulnerable route below the sea cliffs at Dawlish Warren.
wn.com/Bere_Alston -
Bere Ferrers
Coordinates: 50°27′03″N 4°10′34″W / 50.45097°N 4.17621°W / 50.45097; -4.17621
Bere Ferrers, sometimes called Beerferris, is a village and civil parish on the Bere peninsula in West Devon in the English county of Devon. It has a population of 3,066, and is located to the north of Plymouth, on the west bank of the River Tavy. Bere Ferrers railway station on the Tamar Valley Line is nearby.
The church of St Andrew has the oldest Stained-glass window in Devon, excepting Exeter Cathedral; it is 600 years old. The building was probably built at various times between 1290 and 1340; it is recorded that an archpresbytery was founded here in 1333 and the north transept appears to be the earliest part of the church while the south aisle is the latest, perhaps 15th century.
Features of interest include the Norman font, an unusual altar stone, benches having benchends carved with traceried arches, and an early medieval monument to a knight and lady (probably of the Ferrers family, Latinised as Ferrariis). In the church are two other monuments: another recess with effigy of a knight, and a tomb chest of the 1520s, perhaps for Robert Willoughby, 2nd Baron Willoughby de Broke (d. 1521/2). The church saw the death, in 1821, of the antiquarian draughtsman Charles Alfred Stothard who was killed on falling while making a tracing from a window: his tombstone is in the churchyard.
wn.com/Bere_Ferrers -
Bideford
Coordinates: 51°00′58″N 4°13′02″W / 51.0162°N 4.2171°W / 51.0162; -4.2171
Bideford (
/ˈbɪdɨfərd/) is a small port town on the estuary of the River Torridge in north Devon, south-west England. It is also the main town of the Torridge local government district.
The River Torridge is spanned at Bideford by the 13th century Long Bridge, which has 24 arches all of different sizes. A New Year's Eve tradition was to try to run across the Long Bridge in the time it takes for the bells at nearby St. Mary's church to chime midnight.
In the 16th century Bideford was Britain's third largest port[citation needed]. It was rumoured that Sir Walter Raleigh landed the first shipment of tobacco there, although this is a myth, as Raleigh was not, contrary to popular belief, the first to bring tobacco to England. In honour of Raleigh, several roads and a hill have been named after him in Bideford. Today the narrow town centre streets lead down to a tree-lined quay, which bustles with fishing vessels, cargo and pleasure boats. Ball clay and wood is the principal exports loaded onto boats at Bideford. The quay was refurbished, with completion in 2006, to provide flood control and also to incorporate a large fountain and modern public toilets.
wn.com/Bideford -
Bodmin
Coordinates: 50°27′58″N 4°43′05″W / 50.466°N 4.718°W / 50.466; -4.718
Bodmin (Cornish: Bosvenegh) is a civil parish and major town in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated in the centre of the county southwest of Bodmin Moor.
The extent of the civil parish corresponds fairly closely to that of the town so is mostly urban in character. It is bordered to the east by Cardinham parish, to the southeast by Lanhydrock parish, to the southwest and west by Lanivet parish, and to the north by Helland parish.
Bodmin has a population of 12,778 (2001 census). It was formerly the county town of Cornwall until the Crown Courts moved to Truro which is also the administrative centre (before 1835 the county town was Launceston). Bodmin was in the administrative North Cornwall District until local government reorganisation in 2009 abolished the District (see also Politics of Cornwall#Cornwall Council).
Bodmin Town Council is made up of 16 councillors who are elected to serve a term of four years. Each year, the Council elects one of their number as Mayor to serve as the town's civic leader and to chair council meetings
wn.com/Bodmin -
Bovey Tracey
Coordinates: 50°35′35″N 3°40′19″W / 50.593°N 3.672°W / 50.593; -3.672
Bovey Tracey is a small town in Devon, England, on the edge of Dartmoor, its proximity to which gives rise to the "slogan" used on the town's boundary signs, "The Gateway to the Moor". The locals just call the town "Bovey" (sometimes pronounced "Buvvy"). It is about 10 miles south-south-east of Exeter and lies on the A382 road, about half way between Newton Abbot and Moretonhampstead.
Bovey Tracey was an established Saxon community and takes its name from the River Bovey. The name first appears in Domesday Book as Bovi and possibly earlier as Buui. The town gained its second name from the de Tracey family who were lords of the manor after the Norman Conquest, and was first documented as Bovitracy in 1309.
One member of the family, William de Tracy, was implicated in the murder of Archbishop Thomas Becket in Canterbury Cathedral in 1170. It is thought that he rebuilt the parish church of St Peter, St Paul and St Thomas of Canterbury as penance for the murder. In the early 13th century Henry de Tracey created a borough here and in 1259 was granted the right to hold a weekly market and an annual three-day fair.
wn.com/Bovey_Tracey -
Bradninch
Coordinates: 50°50′00″N 3°25′00″W / 50.8333°N 3.4167°W / 50.8333; -3.4167
Bradninch is a small town in Devon, England, lying about three miles south of Cullompton. Bradninch dates back to before the 7th century and at this time there was a Saxon fortress on Castle hill. The feudal Baron of Bradninch in the 12th century was Sir William de Tracy, one of the assassins of the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Becket. Much of the surrounding farmland belongs to the Duchy of Cornwall.
The place-name 'Bradninch' is first attested in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it appears as 'Bradenese'; the name is thought to mean 'broad oak'.
The town was largely destroyed in a fire in 1666 (the same year as the Great Fire of London). It used to be served by the railway station at Hele, which is now closed.
Notable buildings in the town include Bradninch Guildhall, the Castle Pub, the manor house, Earlsland House, Comfort House, and the parish church.
This 15th-century church is currently dedicated to St Disen, a unique dedication in the British Isles, who is considered to have been an Irish missionary saint. Previously this church was dedicated to St Dionysius, and some confusion has arisen between the two. It possesses a finely decorated screen. In the panels at the screen's base are nearly 50 paintings of saints and biblical scenes. Another screen in the church is simpler, with panels of various saints, including an unusual one of St Francis of Assisi receiving the stigmata.
wn.com/Bradninch -
Bridgerule
Coordinates: 50°47′N 4°27′W / 50.79°N 4.45°W / 50.79; -04.45
Bridgerule is a village and civil parish in Devon, England, a mile from the border with Cornwall. The parish is divided by the River Tamar, which no longer forms the border between Devon and Cornwall there. The river frequently floods the High Street.
Bridgerule was mentioned (as Brige) in the Domesday Book in 1086, when the local manor was held by a Norman, Ruald Adobed. The name is thought to be derived from bridge and Ruald.
Until 1844 the Tamar formed the border between Devon and Cornwall, and the western part of the parish was in Cornwall. West Bridgerule was transferred to Devon by the Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844. When civil parishes were created in 1866, East Bridgerule and West Bridgerule became separate parishes, but the two were reunited in 1950.
There is a 15th century church dedicated, as at Bridestowe, to Saint Bridget, who is commemorated with a statue. There are also several paintings and carvings within. The baptismal font is very old, dating to Saxon times.
wn.com/Bridgerule -
Brixham
Coordinates: 50°23′06″N 3°31′14″W / 50.3849°N 3.5205°W / 50.3849; -3.5205
Brixham ( /ˈbrɪksəm/) is a small fishing town and civil parish in the county of Devon, in the south-west of England. Brixham is at the southern end of Torbay, across the bay from Torquay, and is a fishing port. Fishing and tourism are its major industries. At the time of the 2001 census it had a population of 17,457.
It is thought that the name 'Brixham' came from Brioc's village. 'Brioc' was an old English or Brythonic personal name and '-ham' is an ancient term for village.
The town is hilly, and built around the harbour which remains in use as a dock for fishing trawlers. It has a focal tourist attraction in the replica of Sir Francis Drake's ship the Golden Hind that is permanently moored there.
In summer the Cowtown carnival is held, a reminder of when Brixham was two separate communities with only a marshy lane to connect them. Cowtown was the area on top of the hill where the farmers lived, while a mile away in the harbour was Fishtown, where the seamen lived. Cowtown, the St Mary's Square area, is on the road leaving Brixham to the south west, in the direction of Kingswear, upon which stands a church built on the site of a Saxon original. The local Royal British Legion club is also here. The main summer attraction in Cowtown is the Hap'nin in St. Mary's Park, an annual music event, with local bands, that takes place in mid July.
wn.com/Brixham -
Buckfastleigh
Coordinates: 50°29′N 3°47′W / 50.48°N 3.78°W / 50.48; -3.78
Buckfastleigh is a small market town and civil parish in Devon, England situated beside the Devon Expressway (A38) at the edge of the Dartmoor National Park. It is part of Teignbridge District and, for ecclesiastical purposes lies within the Totnes Deanery. It has a population of 3,661. It is a centre of tourism, and is home to Buckfast Abbey, the South Devon Railway, the Buckfastleigh Butterfly Farm and Otter Sanctuary, the Tomb of Squire Richard Cabell and The Valiant Soldier.
Geographically, Buckfastleigh straddles the confluence of two small streams from Dartmoor which feed into the River Dart just to the east of the town. About one mile to the north lies Buckfast, home of Buckfast Abbey. To the northwest lie Holne and Scorriton on the southern ramparts of the Dartmoor massif. Pridhamsleigh Cavern is nearby and is neighboured by Ashburton and Lower Dean.
Historically Buckfastleigh has grown as a mill town known for its woollen mills, corn and paper mills and a tannery supported by the rivers Dart, Mardle and the Dean Burn — water being an essential natural resource used in the manufacturing of wool and other products.
wn.com/Buckfastleigh -
Bude
Coordinates: 50°49′26″N 4°32′31″W / 50.824°N 4.542°W / 50.824; -4.542
Bude (Cornish: Bud) is a small seaside resort town in north Cornwall, England, UK, in the civil parish of Bude-Stratton and at the mouth of the River Neet (also known locally as the River Strat). It was formerly sometimes known as Bude Haven. It lies southwest of Stratton, south of Flexbury and Poughill, and north of Widemouth Bay and is located along the A3073 road off the A39. Bude is twinned with Ergué-Gabéric in Brittany, France.[citation needed] Bude's coast faces Bude Bay in the Celtic Sea, part of the Atlantic Ocean.
Its earlier importance was as a harbour, and then a source of sea sand useful for improving the moorland soil. The Victorians favoured it as a watering place, and it was a popular seaside destination in the 20th century.
It lies just south of Flexbury and north of Widemouth Bay and is located along the A3073 road off the A39 road.
Bude Coast SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest), located between Compass Cove to the south and Furzey Cove to the north, is noted for its geological and biological interest.Carboniferous sandstone cliffs surround Bude. During the Variscan Orogeny the strata were heavily faulted and folded. As the sands and cliffs around Bude contain calcium carbonate (a natural fertiliser), farmers used to take sand from the beach, for spreading on their fields. The cliffs around Bude are the only ones in Cornwall that are made of Carboniferous sandstone, as most of the Cornish coast is formed of Devonian slate, granite and Precambrian metamorphic rocks). The stratified cliffs of Bude give their name to a sequence of rocks called the Bude Formation. Many formations can be viewed from the South West Coast Path which passes through the town.
wn.com/Bude -
Bude Canal
The Bude Canal was a canal built to serve the hilly hinterland in the Devon and Cornwall border territory in the United Kingdom, chiefly to bring lime-bearing sand for agricultural fertiliser. The Bude Canal system was one of the most unusual in Britain.
It was remarkable in using inclined planes to haul tub boats on wheels to the upper levels. There were only two conventional locks, in the short broad canal section near the sea at Bude itself. It had a total extent of 35 miles (56 km), and it rose from sea level to an altitude of 433 feet (132 m).
The design of the canal influenced the design of the Rolle Canal.
The coastal area at Bude has sand unusually rich in minerals and the poor agricultural land of the locality was found to benefit considerably from application of the sand. In the pre-industrial age, actually transporting it was difficult, even to land relatively close to the coast.
Several schemes were put forward for canals to bring the sand to the countryside, and these proposals did not lack ambition. One scheme, aimed at distributing Welsh coal from the port as far inland as Calstock on the River Tamar, gained parliamentary approval for construction in 1774, but financial problems frustrated the proposal.
wn.com/Bude_Canal -
Budleigh Salterton
Coordinates: 50°37′42″N 3°19′14″W / 50.62841°N 3.32047°W / 50.62841; -3.32047
Budleigh Salterton is a small town on the south coast of Devon, England 15 miles south of Exeter. It is situated within an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty designated East Devon AONB.
Budleigh lies at the mouth of the River Otter, where the estuary forms an area of reed bed and grazing marsh, an important haven for migratory birds and a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
The town is almost entirely residential, with most businesses being situated in the High Street, Fore Street and Station Road (at the High Street end). It came bottom in a 2003 survey of towns giving value for money to homebuyers. Near the town centre is a park, known as The Green. Budleigh Salterton is also home to East Devon Golf Club.
Fairlynch Museum is a small museum housed in a listed thatched building. It covers the history and geology of the region, and offers exhibitions and a local archive.
Budleigh is on the South West Coast Path, with clifftop routes eastward to Sidmouth and westward to Exmouth. The pebble beach and cliffs are part of the Jurassic Coast World Heritage site, although this is an arrangement of geographical convenience, rather than being correct from the geological time point of view. Much of the geology is Triassic, represented by bunter sandstone (Budleigh Salterton Pebble Beds) and the area is also known for the radioactive nodules containing vanadium and uranium in red marl at Littleham Cove.
wn.com/Budleigh_Salterton -
Calstock
Coordinates: 50°29′49″N 4°12′36″W / 50.497°N 4.210°W / 50.497; -4.210
Calstock (Cornish: Kalstok) is civil parish and a large village in south east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, on the border with Devon. The village is situated on the River Tamar 6 miles (9.7 km) south west of Tavistock and 10 miles (16 km) north of Plymouth.
The parish had a population of 6,095 in the 2001 census. The parish encompasses 5,760 acres (23.3 km2) of land, 70 acres (0.28 km2) of water, and 44 acres (0.18 km2) of the tidal Tamar.
As well as Calstock, other settlements in the parish include Albaston, Chilsworthy, Gunnislake, Harrowbarrow, Latchley and Metherell.
Calstock village is within the Tamar Valley AONB, is overlooked by Cotehele house and gardens, and lies on the scenic Tamar Valley railway. Calstock railway station opened on 2 March 1908. The village is twinned with Saint-Thuriau in Brittany, France.
There is evidence of human settlement in Calstock from Roman, or pre-Roman times, settlers attracted by the rich source of minerals, such as tin, in the area. A Roman fort, only the third known in Cornwall, was discovered next to the church in 2008.
wn.com/Calstock -
Camborne
Coordinates: 50°12′47″N 5°18′00″W / 50.213°N 5.300°W / 50.213; -5.300
Camborne (Cornish: Cambron, 'Crooked Hill') is a town and civil parish in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is at the western edge of a conurbation comprising Camborne, Pool and Redruth.
The population of Camborne was 20,010 at the 2001 census. By 2007 the population had grown to 22,500. The population of the Camborne-Redruth urban area, which includes Pool and Illogan and satellite villages, is 39,937 making it the largest urban conurbation in Cornwall.
Camborne is located in what was formerly one of the richest tin mining areas in the world. It is no longer an industrial town it was once the home to the Camborne School of Mines (see below). The School of Mines moved from the centre of Camborne to Trevenson, Pool and is now a specialist department of the University of Exeter, based at Tremough Campus
In 1931 the ruins of a Roman villa were found at Magor Farm, Illogan, near Camborne, and excavated that year under the guidance of the Royal Institution of Cornwall. It is the only Roman villa found as of 2006[update] in the whole of Cornwall.
wn.com/Camborne -
Camelford
Coordinates: 50°37′01″N 4°40′59″W / 50.617°N 4.683°W / 50.617; -4.683
Camelford (Cornish: Ryskammel) is a town and civil parish in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, situated in the River Camel valley northwest of Bodmin Moor. The town is approximately ten miles (16 km) north of Bodmin and is governed by Camelford Town Council.
Lanteglos-by-Camelford is the ecclesiastical parish in which the town is situated (not to be confused with Lanteglos-by-Fowey).
Camelford is in the North Cornwall parliamentary constituency. Until 1974, the town was the administrative headquarters of Camelford Rural District.
The two main industrial enterprises in the area are the slate quarry at Delabole and the cheese factory at Davidstow but there is a small industrial estate at Highfield.
The A39 road (dubbed 'Atlantic Highway') passes directly through the town centre: a bypass has been discussed for many years. Camelford Station was some distance from the town and closed in 1966; the site was subsequently used as a cycling museum.
wn.com/Camelford -
Chagford
Coordinates: 50°40′22″N 3°50′25″W / 50.6728°N 3.8404°W / 50.6728; -3.8404
Chagford is a small town and civil parish on the north-east edge of Dartmoor, in Devon, England, close to the River Teign. It is located off the A382, about 4 miles (6 km) west of Moretonhampstead. The name Chagford is derived from the word chag, meaning gorse or broom, and the ford suffix indicates its importance as a crossing place on the River Teign. At the 2001 Census it had a population of 1,470.
Archaeological remains confirm that a community has existed here for at least 4000 years. In historical times, Chagford grew due to the wool trade and from tin mining in the area, and in 1305 was made a stannary town where tin was traded. A cattle market in the town survived until the 1980s.
In 1987, the New Scientist reported that Chagford contained "the most radioactive loo in the world", a reference to the high levels of Radon gas in this granite area.
Today Chagford is a thriving community with high property prices, busy streets, and an unusually wide range of shops for a town of this size. It is also known for its vibrant arts community, celebrated through the autumn Chagford Film Festival, the springtime ChagWord literary festival, the annual Wonderworks crafts weekend, and other regular cultural events. The two large hardware stores in the town square have been run by the same two families for many years. There are several tea rooms and whole food cafés, one restaurant, and several pubs. There are numerous guest houses and hotels in the surrounding countryside. These provide accommodation for the large influx of visitors during the year.
wn.com/Chagford -
Chudleigh
Coordinates: 50°36′14″N 3°36′18″W / 50.604°N 3.605°W / 50.604; -3.605
Chudleigh is a Town in Devon, England located between Newton Abbot and Exeter.
Chudleigh is very close to the edge of Dartmoor and bypassed by the A38 road in 1972. Nearby Castle Dyke is an Iron Age Hill Fort which demonstrates far earlier settlement in the area. Chudleigh has expanded a good deal in recent years as commuter houses have been built around its edges, but it still retains a fairly traditional village centre.
Local Amenities include
There is a Primary School located in the centre.
Nearby "the Rock" is a natural beauty spot and attracts rock climbers who scale the range of routes on the (limestone) crag.
There has been an annual carnival each summer which draws a large crowd from the surrounding area. This did not take place in 2006, but the carnival has returned since July 2007.
The heated outdoor community swimming pool is located within the grounds of Chudleigh Primary School and is open to the public all summer.
wn.com/Chudleigh -
Chulmleigh
Coordinates: 50°54′46″N 3°52′09″W / 50.912778°N 3.869167°W / 50.912778; -3.869167
Chulmleigh ( /ˈtʃʌmli/ CHUM-lee) is a remote, Saxon hilltop town and civil parish located in North Devon in the heart of the English county of Devon. It is located 20 miles (32 km) north west of Exeter, just north of the Mid Devon boundary, linked by the A377 and B3096 roads. In 2001 the population of the parish was 1,308.
Chulmleigh has some very old architecture with many cob and thatched buildings. It is located close to the Tarka Railway Line and King's Nympton Railway Station is within the parish, although it is around 2 miles (3.2 km) from the town.
Chulmleigh has a retainedFire station which is part of Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service. The secondary school is the Chulmleigh Community College has been amongst Devon's highest GCSE league tables. The town's pub is the Old Court House. on South Molton Street. The parish church is St Mary Magdalene.
There are many local businesses and organisations, including Chulmleigh Cricket Club, Chulmleigh Hardware, Winston Pincombe and Chulmleigh Golf Course.
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Cornwall
Cornwall ( /ˈkɔrnwɔːl/ or /ˈkɔrnwəl/;Cornish: Kernow [ˈkɛrnɔʊ]; Latin: Cornubia or Cornuvia) is a unitary authority and ceremonial county of England, within the United Kingdom. It is bordered to the north and west by the Celtic Sea, to the south by the English Channel, and to the east by the county of Devon, over the River Tamar. Cornwall has a population of 537,400 and covers an area of 3,563 km2 (1,376 sq mi). The administrative centre and only city is Truro.
The area now known as Cornwall was first inhabited in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods. It continued to be occupied by Neolithic and then Bronze Age peoples, and later (in the Iron Age) by Brythons with distinctive cultural relations to neighbouring Wales and Brittany. There is little evidence that Roman rule was effective west of Exeter and few Roman remains have been found. Cornwall was a division of the Dumnonii tribe—whose tribal centre was in the modern county of Devon—known as the Cornovii, separated from Wales after the Battle of Deorham, often coming into conflict with the expanding English kingdom of Wessex before King Athelstan in AD 936 set the boundary between English and Cornish at the Tamar. From the early Middle Ages, British language and culture was apparently shared by Brythons trading across both sides of the Channel, evidenced by the corresponding high medieval Breton kingdoms of Domnonee and Cornouaille and the Celtic Christianity common to both territories.
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Cotehele
Cotehele, (Cornish: Koesheyl) (grid reference SX422685), is a mediaeval/Tudor house located in the parish of Calstock, Cornwall, England, UK. In Cornish the placename is Koesheyl (the creek in the wood perhaps). Probably originating circa 1300, the main phases of building appear to have been by Sir Richard Edgcumbe from 1485–89 and his son, Sir Piers Edgcumbe, from 1489-1520.[1] This house is one of the least altered of the Tudor houses in the United Kingdom. The outbuildings include a stone dovecote in a remarkable state of preservation. For centuries a home of the Edgcumbe family, the house and estate are now under the care of the National Trust. The grounds stretch down to a quay on the River Tamar where there is an outpost of the National Maritime Museum.
The gardens and parkland are listed as Grade II* on the Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England
Coordinates: 50°29′45″N 4°13′33″W / 50.4959°N 4.2257°W / 50.4959; -4.2257
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Crediton
Coordinates: 50°47′33″N 3°39′05″W / 50.7924°N 3.6514°W / 50.7924; -3.6514
Crediton is a town and civil parish in the Mid Devon district of Devon in England. It stands on the A377 Exeter to Barnstaple road at the junction with the A3072 road to Tiverton, about 7 miles (11 km) north west of Exeter. It has a population of 6,837. The town is situated in the narrow vale of the River Creedy, between two steep hills and is divided into two parts, the east or old town and the west or new town.
The first indication of settlement at Crediton is the knowledge that Winfrith or Saint Boniface was born here in c. 672. He propagated Christianity in the Frankish Empire during the 8th century and is the patron saint of both Germany and the Netherlands. In 909 a see was established here with Edwulf as the first bishop.Nine more bishops ruled here until 1050, when Leofric obtained papal permission from Pope Leo IX to transfer the seat to Exeter, a more culturally aware, larger and walled town. Since 1897 Crediton has been the seat of a suffragan bishopric in the Diocese of Exeter; since 2004 this has been Robert Evens.
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Cullompton
Coordinates: 50°51′18″N 3°23′35″W / 50.855°N 3.393°W / 50.855; -3.393
Cullompton is a town and civil parish in the district of Mid Devon and the county of Devon, England, locally known as Cully. It is 13 miles (21 km) miles north-north-east of Exeter and lies on the River Culm. In 2010 it had a population of 8,639 and is growing rapidly.
The earliest evidence of occupation is from the Roman period - there was a fort on the hill above the town and occupation in the current town centre. Columtune was mentioned in Alfred the Great's will. In the past the town's economy had a large component of wool and cloth manufacture, then later leather working and paper manufacture.
A large proportion of town's inhabitants are commuters but there is still some local manufacturing, including flour and paper mills. It has a monthly farmers' market held on the second Saturday of every month which is the oldest event of its kind in the South West. It is home to two grade I listed buildings: the fifteenth century St Andrew's parish church and the seventeenth century house known as The Walronds. The centre of the town is the only conservation area in Mid Devon and there are seven grade II* listed buildings and ninety grade II listed buildings in the parish.
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Dartmoor
Coordinates: 50°34′N 4°0′W / 50.567°N 4°W / 50.567; -4
Dartmoor is an area of moorland in south Devon, England. Protected by National Park status, it covers 954 square kilometres (368 sq mi).
The granite upland dates from the Carboniferous period of geological history. The moorland is capped with many exposed granite hilltops known as tors, providing habitats for Dartmoor wildlife. The highest point is High Willhays, 621 m (2,037 ft) above sea level. The entire area is rich in antiquities and archaeology.
Dartmoor is managed by the Dartmoor National Park Authority whose 22 members are drawn from Devon County Council, local district councils and Government.
Parts of Dartmoor have been used as military firing ranges for over 200 years. The public enjoy extensive access rights to Dartmoor (including restricted access to the firing ranges) and it is a popular tourist destination. The organisation responsible for tourism on Dartmoor is the Dartmoor Partnership.
Dartmoor includes the largest area of granite in Britain, with about 625 square kilometres (241 sq mi) at the surface, though most of it is under superficial peat deposits. The granite (or more accurately adamellite) was intruded at depth as a pluton into the surrounding sedimentary rocks during the Carboniferous period, probably about 309 million years ago. It is generally accepted that the present surface is not far below the original top of the pluton; evidence for this includes partly digested shale xenoliths, contamination of the granite and the existence of two patches of altered sedimentary rock on top of the granite. A considerable gravity anomaly is associated with the Dartmoor pluton as with other such plutons.[citation needed] Measurement of the anomaly has helped to determine the likely shape and extent of the rock mass at depth.
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Dawlish
Coordinates: 50°34′52″N 3°27′58″W / 50.581°N 3.466°W / 50.581; -3.466
Dawlish ( /ˈdɔːlɪʃ/) is a town and civil parish in Teignbridge on the south coast of Devon in England, 12 miles (19 km) from the county town of Exeter. It has a population of 12,819. During the 18th century, it grew from a small fishing port to become a well-known seaside resort.
Dawlish is located at the outlet of a small river, Dawlish Water (also called The Brook), between Permian red sandstone cliffs, and is fronted by a sandy beach with the South Devon Railway sea wall and the Riviera Line railway above. Behind this is a central public park, The Lawn, through which Dawlish Water flows.
Immediately to the south-west of Dawlish is a headland, Lea Mount, with Boat Cove at its foot and Coryton Cove, the furthest part of the beach accessible by the seawall path, behind it. To the north-east, via the beach or seawall, the coast can be followed some 2 km to Langstone Rock and the resort of Dawlish Warren beyond, although this path is blocked at extreme high water.
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Devon
Coordinates: 50°42′N 3°48′W / 50.7°N 3.8°W / 50.7; -3.8
Devon ( /ˈdɛvən/) is a large county in southwestern England. The county is sometimes referred to as Devonshire, although it has never been officially "shired" and that use often indicates a traditional or historical context. Nowadays, "Devonshire" is mostly a demonym.
The county shares borders with Cornwall to the west and Dorset and Somerset to the east. Its southern coast abuts the English Channel and its northern coast the Bristol Channel and Celtic Sea. The name "Devon" derives from the ancient Dumnonia, which was home to the independent kingdom of Brythonic Celtic speaking people who inhabited this area of the southwestern peninsula of Britain continuously from through the Roman era until partial absorption into the English-speaking Kingdom of Wessex some time in the eighth or ninth century, with some emigration to the sister Kingdom of Domnonee in Brittany taking place.
Devon is the fourth largest of the English counties by area and has a population of 1,141,600 making it the 11th most populous. The county town is the cathedral city of Exeter. In addition to Devon County Council, the county contains two unitary authorities (independent from Devon County Council's control): the port city of Plymouth and Torbay, a conurbation of seaside resorts. Plymouth is also the largest city in Devon. Much of the county is rural (including national park) land, with a low population density by British standards. It contains Dartmoor 954 km2 (368 sq mi), the largest open space in southern England. It is the only English county to have two separate coastlines – a north and southern coastline.
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Devon County Council
Devon County Council is the county council administering the English county of Devon. Based in the city of Exeter, the council covers the non-metropolitan county area of Devon. Members of the council (councillors) are elected every four years to represent the electorate of each county division, almost all being nominated by the major national political parties.
The population of the area administered by the council is estimated at 754,700, making it the largest local authority in South West England.
Devon is an area with "two-tier" local government, meaning that the county is divided into non-metropolitan districts carrying out less strategic functions, such as taking most planning decisions. In Devon there are eight such districts, each with its own district, borough, or city council.
Before 1888, the small towns and rural areas in Devon were governed by magistrates through the Devon Court of Quarter Sessions. The magistrates were based at Rougemont Castle, Exeter, and were not elected by the people. In 1888, the Local Government Act 1888 was passed, which paved the way for democracy at the county level throughout England and Wales. On 16 January 1889, the first County Council elections were held, and the council began life with a budget of £50,000. In 1907, women became eligible for election and the first female councillor was elected in 1931. From the beginning in 1889, the county boroughs of Exeter, Devonport and Plymouth were outside the jurisdiction of the county council. Devonport was afterwards absorbed by the City of Plymouth. Torbay received county borough status and left the area of Devon County Council in 1968.
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East Devon
Coordinates: 50°40′44″N 3°14′20″W / 50.679°N 3.239°W / 50.679; -3.239
East Devon is a local government district in Devon, England. Its council is based in Sidmouth, and the largest town is Exmouth.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the borough of Honiton with the urban districts of Budleigh Salterton, Exmouth, Ottery St. Mary, Seaton, Sidmouth along with Axminster Rural District, Honiton Rural District and part of St. Thomas Rural District.
East Devon is covered by two Parliamentary constituencies, East Devon and Tiverton and Honiton. Both were retained in the 2010 general election by the Conservative Party.
In the 2001 census it was found that a third of East Devon's population were over 60. The average for England was 24%. East Devon also had a higher number of people living in 'Medical and Care Establishments' at 1.6% compared to the England average of 0.9%.
A large amount of East Devon is made up of two Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), East Devon AONB and the Blackdown Hills. AONBs have the same level of protection as National parks of England and Wales which restricts new developments, which protects the natural beauty of this district.
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East Okement River
East Okement is a river in the Dartmoor moors in Devon in south-west England. It joins the West Okement at Okehampton to form the Okement.
Coordinates: 50°44′32″N 4°00′10″W / 50.7421°N 4.0027°W / 50.7421; -4.0027
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East Webburn River
The East Webburn is a stream in the Dartmoor moors in Devon in south-west England. It rises on the western side of the moors flowing off the west side of Hameldon ridge. Its source is less than 1 kilometre south west of Grimspound Bronze Age settlement. It flows south past Widecombe-in-the-Moor and joins the West Webburn River. These combined streams then join the River Dart close to the village of Holne.
Coordinates: 50°32′56″N 3°49′03″W / 50.5488°N 3.8175°W / 50.5488; -3.8175
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England
Englandi/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
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English Channel
The English Channel (French: la Manche, Breton: Mor Breizh, Cornish: Mor Bretannek), often referred to simply as the Channel, is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates southern England from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic. It is about 560 km (350 mi) long and varies in width from 240 km (150 mi) at its widest to 34 km (21 mi) in the Strait of Dover. It is the smallest of the shallow seas around the continental shelf of Europe, covering an area of some 75,000 km2 (29,000 sq mi).
The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the English Channel as follows:
On the West. A line joining Isle Vierge (48°38′23″N 4°34′13″W / 48.63972°N 4.57028°W / 48.63972; -4.57028) to Lands End (50°04′N 5°43′W / 50.067°N 5.717°W / 50.067; -5.717).
On the East. The Southwestern limit of the North Sea.
The IHO defines the southwestern limit of the North Sea as "a line joining the Walde Lighthouse (France, 1°55'E) and Leathercoat Point (England, 51°10'N)". The Walde Lighthouse is 6 km east of Calais (50°59′06″N 1°55′00″E / 50.985°N 1.9166667°E / 50.985; 1.9166667), and Leathercoat Point is at the north end of St Margaret's Bay, Kent (51°10′00″N 1°24′00″E / 51.1666667°N 1.4°E / 51.1666667; 1.4).
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Exeter
Exeter (i/ˈɛksɨtər/ EK-si-tər) is a historic city in Devon, England. It lies within the ceremonial county of Devon, of which it is the county town as well as the home of Devon County Council. Currently the administrative area has the status of a non-metropolitan district, and is therefore under the administration of the County Council. The city is on the River Exe, about 37 miles (60 km) northeast of Plymouth, and 70 miles (110 km) southwest of Bristol. According to the 2001 Census, its population in that year was 111,076, while the mid-2010 estimate was 119,600.
Exeter was the most south-westerly Roman fortified settlement in Britain. Its Exeter Cathedral, founded in the early 12th century, became Anglican at the time of the 16th century Reformation.
Exeter has been identified as one of the top ten most profitable locations for a business to be based. The city has good transport links, with Exeter St David's railway station, Exeter Central railway station, the M5 motorway and Exeter International Airport connecting the city both nationally and internationally. Although a popular tourist destination, the city is not dominated by tourism.
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Exmoor
Exmoor is loosely defined as an area of hilly open moorland in west Somerset and north Devon in South West England, named after the River Exe the source of which is situated in the centre of the area, 2 miles NW of Simonsbath. Exmoor is more precisely defined as the area of the former synonymous ancient royal hunting forest, officially surveyed 1815-1818 as 18,810 acres in in extent. Even more precisely Exmoor is defined as the remnant of the royal forest of 18,810 acres allotted to the king in 1815, equating to 12/22nds of the total, in acres 10,262 1/4, which was sold to John Knight (1765-1850) in 1818, which comprises the present Exmoor Parish, whose parish church is situated in Simonsbath. The moor has given its name to a National Park, which includes the Brendon Hills, the East Lyn Valley, the Vale of Porlock and 55 kilometres (34 mi) of the Bristol Channel coast. The total area of the Exmoor National Park is 692.8 square kilometres (267.5 sq mi), of which 71% is in Somerset and 29% in Devon.
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Exmouth
Coordinates: 50°37′12″N 3°24′47″W / 50.620°N 3.413°W / 50.620; -3.413
Exmouth ( /ˈɛksməθ/) is a port town, civil parish and seaside resort in East Devon, England, sited on the east bank of the mouth of the River Exe. In 2011, it had a population of 35,939.
Byzantine coins dating back to c. 498–518, with the mark of Anastasius I, were retrieved on the beach in 1970. More recent human occupation of Exmouth Point can be traced back to the 11th century, when it was known as Lydwicnaesse, "the point of the Bretons".
The two ecclesiastical parishes, Littleham and Withycombe Raleigh, that make up the town of Exmouth today can be traced to pre-Saxon times. Whilst the name of the River Exe is an ancient Celtic word for fish, the town has only recently become known as Exmouth.
In 1240 an area known as Pratteshuthe (Pratt’s landing place) was sold to the mayor and citizens of Exeter. This was the site of the estuary’s ferry dock and over time the name evolved first into Pratteshide, then Mona Island. The original site is marked by a seating area next to the Magnolia Shopping Centre.
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Fowey
Coordinates: 50°20′04″N 4°37′58″W / 50.334327°N 4.632891°W / 50.334327; -4.632891
Fowey (i/ˈfɔɪ/ FOY; Cornish: Fowydh) is a small town, civil parish and cargo port at the mouth of the River Fowey in south Cornwall, United Kingdom. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 2,273.
The Domesday Book survey at the end of the 11th century records manors at Penventinue and Trenant, and a priory was soon established nearby at Tywardreath. Circa 1300 the prior granted a charter to people living in Fowey itself. This medieval town ran from a north gate near Boddinick Passage to a south gate at what is now Lostwithiel Street; the town extended a little way up the hillside and was bounded on the other side by the river where merchants had their houses backing onto the waterfront. The natural harbour allowed trade to develop with Europe and local ship owners often hired their vessels to the king to support various wars, although the town also developed a reputation for piracy, as did many others at this time. In the 14th century the harbour was defended by 160 archers; after these were withdrawn, two blockhouses were built on either side of the harbour entrance. Despite these defences the town was attacked by French forces in 1457. Place House, by the church, was successfully defended against the French but subsequently strengthened. This building still exists, but much remodelled. A small castle was built on St Catherine’s Point, the western side of the harbour entrance, around 1540. The defences proved their worth when a Dutch attack was beaten off in 1667.
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Great Torrington
Coordinates: 50°57′02″N 4°09′04″W / 50.95060°N 4.15106°W / 50.95060; -4.15106
Great Torrington (often abbreviated to Torrington, though the villages of Little Torrington and Black Torrington are situated in the same region) is a small market town in the north of Devon, England. Parts of it are sited on high ground with steep drops down to the River Torridge below. The centre of the town therefore commands spectacular views, though lower-lying parts are prone to occasional flooding. Torrington is in the very heart of Tarka Country, a landscape captured by Henry Williamson in his novel Tarka the Otter in 1927. Great Torrington has the most active volunteering community in the United Kingdom.
There were Iron Age and medieval castles and forts in Torrington, located on the Castle Hill. Great Torrington had strategic significance in the English Civil War. In the Battle of Torrington (1646), the Parliamentarians, led by Sir Thomas Fairfax, swept into the town and defeated Lord Hopton's forces. This marked the end of Royalist resistance in the West Country. Today the town is recognised as an important heritage centre for the history of the 17th century, and its people can often be seen dressed in costume for historical re-enactments, festivals and celebrations. An interactive Civil War Experience, "Torrington 1646", marks the town's historically important role.
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Gunnislake
Coordinates: 50°31′27″N 4°12′48″W / 50.5242°N 4.2133°W / 50.5242; -4.2133
Gunnislake (Cornish: Lynngonna) is a large village in east Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is situated in the Tamar Valley approximately ten miles (16 km) north of Plymouth
Gunnislake is in the civil parish of Calstock and is close to Cornwall's border with Devon which follows the course of the River Tamar.
The village has a history of mining although this industry is no longer active in the area. During the mining boom in Victorian times more than 7000 people were employed in the mines of the Tamar Valley[citation needed]. During this period Gunnislake was held in equal standing amongst the richest mining areas in Europe[citation needed].
Gunnislake's development was primarily due to the dramatic increase in mining and industrial activity in the nineteenth century. Mining provided around 7000 jobs at its peak in 1862. Most mining activity ceased in the late nineteenth century which has bequeathed interest for archaeologists and students of industrial heritage.
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Hamoaze
Coordinates: 50°23′44″N 4°12′28″W / 50.39556°N 4.20778°W / 50.39556; -4.20778
The Hamoaze (Cornish pronunciation: [ˈhɒmøz]) is an estuarine stretch of the tidal River Tamar, between the River Lynher and Plymouth Sound, England.
The Hamoaze flows past Devonport Dockyard, which belongs to the Royal Navy. The presence of large numbers of small watercraft are a challenge and hazard to the warships using the naval base and dockyard.
Settlements on the banks of the Hamoaze are Saltash, Wilcove, Torpoint and Cremyll in Cornwall as well as Devonport, Plymouth in Devon.
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Hatherleigh
Coordinates: 50°49′00″N 4°04′00″W / 50.8167°N 4.0667°W / 50.8167; -4.0667
Hatherleigh is a small market town in west Devon, England.
It hosts an arts festival in July, and a carnival in November featuring two flaming tar barrel runs. The Walruses meet on New Year's Day to jump into the River Lew to raise money for local good causes. An annual half-marathon called the Ruby Run takes place usually in June between Holsworthy and Hatherleigh, starting from each town in alternate years.
Hatherleigh Market has weekly sales of sheep, cattle, poultry with increased sales on Tuesdays. It is the smallest town in Devon. Hatherleigh boasts three pubs, The Bridge Inn, The Tally Ho and The George. The George was burned down in an arson attack on December 23, 2008 and has been rebuilt and re-opened in 2010. More than 100 firemen from across the county were drafted in to help fight the blaze which was still burning well into the early hours of Christmas Eve. Hatherleigh also contains hairdressers, craft shops, a beauty salon, a butcher, a newsagency, a bakery, a convenience shop and a post office.
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Hayle
Coordinates: 50°10′59″N 5°24′58″W / 50.183°N 5.416°W / 50.183; -5.416
Hayle (Cornish: Heyl) is a small town, civil parish and cargo port in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated at the mouth of the Hayle River (which discharges into St Ives Bay) and is approximately seven miles (11 km) northeast of Penzance. The name derives from the Cornish heyl, meaning estuary.
Hayle parish was created in 1888 from part of the now defunct Phillack parish, with which it was later combined in 1935, and incorporated part of St Erth in 1937. The modern parish shares boundaries with St Ives to the west, St Erth to the south, Gwinear and Gwithian in the east, and is bounded to the north by the Celtic Sea.
Although there is a long history of settlement in the Hayle Estuary area dating from the Bronze Age, the modern town of Hayle was built predominantly during the 18th century industrial revolution. Evidence of Iron Age settlement exists at the fort on the hill above Carnsew Pool where the Plantation now stands. It is thought that Hayle, was an important centre for the neolithic tin industry, trading not only Irish and Breton people, but also the Phoenicians of the eastern Mediterranean. Evidence of this comes from finds of imported pottery including Romano/Grecian Amphorae - containers for wine and oil.
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Helford River
The Helford River (Cornish: Mawonyek) is a ria (flooded river valley) located in Cornwall, England, UK, and not a true river. It is fed by a number of small streams into its numerous creeks. There are seven creeks on the Helford, from west to east these are Ponsontuel Creek, Mawgan Creek, Polpenwith Creek, Polwheveral Creek, Frenchman's Creek, Port Navas Creek, and Gillan Creek, the best known of which is Frenchman's Creek, made famous by Daphne du Maurier in her novel of the same name. A little further up river is Tremayne Quay, built for a visit by Queen Victoria in the 1840s which she then declined to make-—allegedly because it was raining!
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Helston
Coordinates: 50°06′N 5°16′W / 50.10°N 5.27°W / 50.10; -5.27
Helston (Cornish: Hellys or Henlys) is a town and civil parish in Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is situated at the northern end of the Lizard Peninsula approximately 12 miles (19 km) east of Penzance and nine miles (14.5 km) southwest of Falmouth. Helston is the most southerly town in the UK and is around 1.5 miles (2.4 km) further south than Penzance. In 2001, the town celebrated the 800th anniversary of the granting of its Charter, making it the second oldest town in Cornwall after Marazion. The town population is 9,780.
The former tin mining and cattle market town is best known for the annual Furry Dance (known locally as the Flora Dance), said to originate from the medieval period.
The name comes from the Cornish 'hen lis' or 'old court' and 'ton' added later to denote a Saxon manor; the Domesday Book refers to Henliston (which survives as the name of a road in the town). It was granted its charter by King John in 1201. It was here that tin ingots were weighed to determine the duty due to the Duke of Cornwall when a number of stannary towns were authorised by royal decree. A document of 1396 examined by Charles Henderson shows that the old form "Hellys" was still in use The manor of Helston in Kerrier was one of the 17 Antiqua maneria of the Duchy of Cornwall. The seal of the borough of Helston was St Michael his wings expanded standing on a gateway the two towers domed upon the upturned dragon impaling it with his spear and bearing upon his left arm an escutcheon of the arms of England viz. Gu. three lions passant guardant in pale Or. with the legend "Sigillum comunitatis helleston burg".
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HMNB Devonport
Her Majesty's Naval Base (HMNB) Devonport (HMS Drake), is one of three operating bases in the United Kingdom for the Royal Navy (the others being HMNB Clyde and HMNB Portsmouth). HMNB Devonport is located in Devonport, in the west of the city of Plymouth in Devon, England. It is the largest naval base in Western Europe and is the sole nuclear repair and refuelling facility for the Royal Navy. The co-located Royal Dockyard is owned and operated by the Marine division of Babcock International Group (BM), who took over the previous owner Devonport Management Limited (DML) in 2007. The BM operation is commonly called Devonport Royal Dockyard.
In 2006 the Ministry of Defence announced that a review would be undertaken to examine the future of the three naval bases. The Naval Base Review was seeking to examine the long term future needs of the Royal Navy, with the most likely outcome being either retaining the three current naval bases, but with reduced capacity in each, or closing one of the two on the south coast of England. The results of the review, released in 2007, have stipulated no base closures.
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Honiton
Coordinates: 50°48′N 3°11′W / 50.80°N 3.19°W / 50.80; -3.19
Honiton is a market town and civil parish in East Devon, situated close to the River Otter, 17 miles (27 km) north east of Exeter in the county of Devon. The town's name is pronounced in two ways, /ˈhʌnitən/ and /ˈhɒnitən/, each pronunciation having its adherents. Honiton has a population estimated at 11,822 (based on mid-year estimates for the two Honiton Wards in 2009).
The town grew along the line of the Fosse Way, the ancient Roman road linking Exeter (Isca Dumnoniorum) to Lincoln (Lindum) on which it was an important stopping point. The location is mentioned in the Domesday Book as Honetone, meaning a farm belonging to Huna. It became an important market town known for its lace making that was introduced by Flemish immigrants in the Elizabethan era. In the 17th century thousands of people produced lace by hand in their homes and later in the 19th Century Queen Victoria had her wedding dress made of Honiton lace. The town also became known for its pottery. In the mid 18th century the town was largely destroyed by fire. Georgian houses were then built to replace some of those that had been destroyed. Honiton more than doubled in size between the 1960s and 2005 with most development taking place south of the Exeter to Waterloo railway line.
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Ilfracombe
Coordinates: 51°12′29″N 4°07′12″W / 51.208°N 4.120°W / 51.208; -4.120
Ilfracombe ( /ˈɪlfrəkuːm/) is a seaside resort and civil parish on the North Devon coast, England with a small harbour, surrounded by cliffs.
The parish stretches along the coast from 'The Coastguard Cottages' in Hele Bay toward the east and 4 miles along The Torrs to Lee Bay toward the west. The resort is hilly and the highest point within the parish boundary is at 'Hore Down Gate', 2 miles inland and 860 feet (270 m) above sea level.
The landmark of Hillsborough Hill dominates the harbour and is the site of an Iron Age fortified settlement. The architectural award-winning Landmark Theatre is either loved or hated for its unusual double-conical design; it is distinctive and, with the St Nicholas's Chapel on Lantern Hill, a major landmark in the town.
Ilfracombe has been settled since the Iron Age, when the Dumnonii Celts established a hill fort on the dominant hill, Hillsborough (formerly Hele's Barrow). The origin of the town's name has two possible sources. The first is that it is a derivative of the Anglo-Saxon Alfreinscoma - by which name it was noted in the Liber Exoniensis of 1086. The translation of this name (from Walter William Skeat of the department of Anglo Saxon at Cambridge University) means the "Valley of the sons of Alfred". The second origin is that the name Ilfracombe was derived from Norse illf (bad), Anglo-Saxon yfel (evil ford) and Anglo-Saxon cumb (valley or bottom), thus 'The valley with the bad ford'.
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Ivybridge
Coordinates: 50°23′20″N 3°55′16″W / 50.389°N 3.921°W / 50.389; -3.921
Ivybridgei/ˈaɪvibrɪdʒ/ is a small town and civil parish in the South Hams, in Devon, England. It lies about 9 miles (14.5 km) east of Plymouth. It is at the southern extremity of Dartmoor, a National Park of England and Wales and lies along the A38 "Devon Expressway" road. Ivybridge has a population of 12,056.
Mentioned in documents as early as the 13th century, Ivybridge's early history is marked by its status as an important crossing-point over the River Erme on the Exeter-to-Plymouth route. In the 16th century mills were built using the River Erme's power. The parish of Saint John was formed in 1836. Ivybridge became a civil parish in 1894 and a town in 1977.
The early urbanisation and development of Ivybridge largely coincided with the Industrial Revolution. When the South Devon Railway Company built its train route through Ivybridge in the 19th century a paper mill was constructed alongside it and this led to an increase in housing nearby. The paper mill, now French owned, still provides local jobs. Although occasionally referred to as a dormitory town, many people work in the town itself, and agriculture continues to play an economic role for Ivybridge's hinterland. The area surrounding Ivybridge is almost completely farmland.
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Jurassic Coast
Coordinates: 50°42′20″N 2°59′23.6″W / 50.70556°N 2.989889°W / 50.70556; -2.989889
The Jurassic Coast is a World Heritage Site on the English Channel coast of southern England. The site stretches from Orcombe Point near Exmouth in East Devon to Old Harry Rocks near Swanage in East Dorset, a distance of 153 kilometres (95 mi). Chartered in 2001, the Jurassic coast was the second wholly natural World Heritage Site to be designated in the United Kingdom. Its entire length can be walked on the South West Coast Path.
The Jurassic Coast consists of Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous cliffs, spanning the Mesozoic Era, documenting 180 million years of geological history.
The site shows excellent examples of landforms, including the natural arch at Durdle Door, the cove and limestone folding at Lulworth Cove and an island, the Isle of Portland. Chesil Beach is a fine example of both a tombolo (a deposition landform in which an island is attached to the mainland by a narrow piece of land such as a spit or bar) and a storm beach (a beach affected by particularly fierce waves). The site has stretches of both concordant and discordant coastlines. Due to the quality of the varied geology, the site is the subject of international field studies. This area was home to Mary Anning, a palaeontologist who studied the fossils of the coastline around Lyme Regis and discovered the first complete Ichthyosaur fossil at the Spittles.
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Kingsbridge
Coordinates: 50°17′00″N 3°46′35″W / 50.2833°N 3.7765°W / 50.2833; -3.7765
Kingsbridge is a market town and popular tourist hub in the South Hams district of Devon, England, with a population of about 5,800. It is situated at the northern end of the Kingsbridge Estuary, which is a textbook example of a ria and extends to the sea six miles south of the town.
The town formed around a bridge which was built in or before the 10th century between the royal estates of Alvington, to the west, and Chillington, to the east, hence giving it the name of Kyngysbrygge ("King's bridge"). In 1219 the Abbot of Buckfast was granted the right to hold a market there, and by 1238 the settlement had become a borough. The manor remained in possession of the abbot until the Dissolution of the Monasteries, when it was granted to Sir William Petre. Kingsbridge was never represented in Parliament or incorporated by charter, the local government being by a portreeve. It lay within the hundred of Stanborough.
Kingsbridge is in fact a combination of two towns, Kingsbridge and Dodbrooke. Dodbrooke was granted its own market in 1257 and had become a borough by 1319. While Dodbrooke was originally considered to be the dominant of the two, Kingsbridge later expanded to include it. The town consists of two ecclesiastical parishes: St. Edmund's in the west and St. Thomas Becket at Dodbrooke in the east. St. Edmund's Church, in mainly Perpendicular style, retains some 13th-century features including a font, but was enlarged and reconsecrated around 1414 and was mostly rebuilt in the 19th century. The parish church of St. Thomas Becket displays a particularly well-preserved rood screen, restored in 1897.
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Kingsteignton
Coordinates: 50°32′45″N 3°35′46″W / 50.5458°N 3.5962°W / 50.5458; -3.5962
Kingsteignton ( /kɪŋˈsteɪntən/) is a town and civil parish in South Devon, England. It lies at the head of the Teign Estuary to the west of Teignmouth in the Teignbridge district. It is bypassed by the A380 and is also on the A383, B3193 and B3195.
Kingsteignton was, until recently, purported to be the largest village in England, with a population of over 11,000. The threat of being incorporated into the nearby town of Newton Abbot prompted the parish council to change the village's status to a town itself: the change took effect from 1 January 2009.
Founded in the early 8th century by the kings of Wessex as the centre of a vast Saxon estate that extended from Teignmouth to Manaton, Kingsteignton was a key settlement in Saxon times and gave its name to the Saxon hundred of Teignton. The hundred moot or court was held in the village but it appears that by the time of the Domesday Survey the name of the hundred had been changed to Teignbridge, possibly indicating that the site of the court had been moved. As a royal vill Kingsteignton provided rich pickings for Danish raiders who plundered it in 1001.
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Liskeard
Coordinates: 50°27′13″N 4°27′54″W / 50.4536°N 4.4651°W / 50.4536; -4.4651
Liskeardi/lɪsˈkɑrd/ (Cornish: Lys Kerwyd or Lyskerrys) is an ancient stannary and market town and civil parish in south east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.
Liskeard is situated approximately 20 miles (32 km) west of Plymouth, 14 miles (23 km) west of the River Tamar and the border with Devon, and 12 miles (20 km) east of Bodmin. The town is at the head of the Looe valley in the ancient hundred of West Wivelshire and has a population of 8,656. Liskeard was the base of the former Caradon District Council and it still has a town council.
The placename element Lis, along with ancient privileges accorded the town, indicates that the settlement was once a high status 'court'. A Norman castle was built here after the Conquest, which eventually fell into disuse in the later Middle Ages. By 1538 when visited by John Leland only a few insignificant remains were to be seen. Sir Richard Carew writing in 1602 concurred;
Liskeard was one of the 17 Antiqua maneria of the Duchy of Cornwall. The market charter was granted by Richard, Earl of Cornwall (brother of Henry III) in 1240. Since then, it has been an important centre for agriculture. The seal of the borough of Liskeard was Ar. a fleur-de-lis and perched thereon and respecting each other two birds in chief two annulets and in flank two feathers.
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Looe
Coordinates: 50°21′13″N 4°27′14″W / 50.3535°N 4.4540°W / 50.3535; -4.4540
Looe (Cornish: Logh) is a small coastal town, fishing port and civil parish in the former Caradon district of south-east Cornwall, England, with a population of 5,280 (2001 census). Looe is divided in two by the River Looe, East Looe and West Looe being connected by a bridge. The town is approximately 20 miles (32 km) west of the city of Plymouth and seven miles (11 km) south of Liskeard.
The town is situated around a small harbour and along the steep-sided valley of the River Looe which flows between East and West Looe to the sea beside a sandy beach. Off shore to the west, opposite the stonier Hannafore beach, lies the picturesque St George's Island, commonly known as Looe Island.
Archeological evidence, such as the so-called Giant's Hedge and the stone circle at Bin Down (from the Cornish "Bin Dun", meaning "hill fort") on a hill above East Looe, indicates that the area around Looe was inhabited as early as 1000 BC.
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Lostwithiel
Coordinates: 50°24′27″N 4°40′11″W / 50.40741°N 4.66964°W / 50.40741; -4.66964
Lostwithiel (Cornish: Lostwydhyel) is a civil parish and small town in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom at the head of the estuary of the River Fowey. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 2,739. The name Lostwithiel comes from the Cornish "lostwydhyel" which means "tail of a wooded area".
The origin of the name Lostwithiel is a subject much debated. In the 16th century it was thought that the name came from the Roman name Uzella, translated as Les Uchel in Cornish. In the 17th century popular opinion was that the name came from a translation of Lost (a tail) and Withiel (a lion), the lion in question being the lord who lived in the castle.
Current thinking is that the name comes from the Old Cornish Lost Gwydhyel meaning "tail-end of the woodland". The view from Restormel Castle looking towards the town shows how this may have come to be.
Lostwithiel is a historic borough. The Lostwithiel constituency elected two members to the Unreformed House of Commons, but was disenfranchised by the Reform Act 1832. It remained a municipal borough until the 1960s, when it became a civil parish.
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Lynton
Coordinates: 51°13′49″N 3°50′11″W / 51.230396°N 3.836361°W / 51.230396; -3.836361
Lynton is a small town in Devon, England. It lies on the northern edge of Exmoor and is located at the top of a gorge above Lynmouth, to which it is connected by the Lynton and Lynmouth Cliff Railway. Lynton was once the terminus for the narrow-gauge Lynton & Barnstaple Railway, which served both towns.
The two communities are governed at local level by Lynton and Lynmouth Town Council.
In Lynton is the Parish Church of St Mary, which stands overlooking the sea, surrounded by shops and hotels. The tower is mainly thirteenth century but the church itself has been enlarged and altered — most notably in 1741, when the nave was rebuilt, and later in Victorian times.
Many of the town buildings were constructed in the latter part of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. The Town Hall was given to the town by Sir George Newnes, Bart., a major benefactor of the town. He also gave the town the Congregational Church on Lee Road.
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Marazion
Coordinates: 50°07′30″N 5°28′34″W / 50.125°N 5.476°W / 50.125; -5.476
Marazion (Cornish: Marghasyow) is a civil parish and town in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated on the shore of Mount's Bay, two miles (3 km) east of Penzance and one mile (1.6 km) east of Long Rock.
St Michael's Mount is half-a-mile offshore from Marazion. At low water a causeway links it to the town and at high water passenger boats carry visitors between Marazion and St Michael's Mount.
Marazion is a thriving tourist resort with an active community of artists who produce and sell paintings and pottery in the town's numerous art galleries.
Remains of an ancient bronze furnace, discovered near the town, tend to prove that tin smelting was practised here at an early period. Marazion is one of the towns claiming to be Britain's oldest town.[citation needed] Marazion was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1088 and is the oldest chartered town in Britain, having been granted this status by King Henry III in 1257.
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Mid Devon
Coordinates: 50°54′00″N 3°29′24″W / 50.900°N 3.490°W / 50.900; -3.490
Mid Devon is a local government district in Devon, England. Its council is based in Tiverton.
The district was formed under the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the borough of Tiverton and Crediton urban district together with Tiverton Rural District, and Crediton Rural District. It was originally called Tiverton District, but was renamed in 1978 by resolution of the district council. The main Town in Mid Devon is Tiverton, it is a major, busy town set in the heart of Devon.
Mid Devon shares borders with several other Devon districts as well as the county of Somerset. Neighbouring districts include Exeter, East Devon, North Devon, Teignbridge, West Devon and Torridge.
Several rivers run through the district of Mid Devon, including the Exe, the Culm and the Yeo.
Raddon Top (772 ft.) is a landmark for 20 miles around. Westcote tells us that there was an earthwork on the summit, practically ploughed down even in his day. The views from here are superb, even for Devon.
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Modbury
Coordinates: 50°20′57″N 3°53′13″W / 50.349111°N 3.886896°W / 50.349111; -3.886896
Modbury is a town and parish in the South Hams region of the English county of Devon. It is situated on the A379 road, which links it to Plymouth and Kingsbridge. The current parish population is approximately 1,500.
The name Modbury is a corruption of the Anglo-Saxon name, Moot burgh from 'Moot' meaning either 'Mud' or 'Meeting' and 'Bury' meaning 'Fortified Enclosure'.
Modbury is recorded in the Domesday Book.
The population of the town was greatly reduced as a consequence of the Black Death.
Katherine 'Kat' Ashley née Champernowne (? - 1565) governess to Elizabeth I was probably born in or near the village.
John Batterson Stetson, founder of the Stetson cowboy hat company in the U.S., is descended from Modbury natives Robert Stetson and Honour Tucker (who emigrated to Massachusetts c. 1634).
It was the site of two battles in the English Civil War. The first battle was a minor royalist victory on December 9, 1642, when a small Royalist force put to flight a smaller Parliamentarian force.
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Moretonhampstead
Coordinates: 50°39′37″N 3°46′02″W / 50.6603°N 3.7671°W / 50.6603; -3.7671
Moretonhampstead lies on the edge of Dartmoor and is notable for having the longest one-word name of any place in England. The parish church is dedicated to St. Andrew. Moretonhampstead is twinned with Betton in France.
The central region of Devon was occupied by the Saxons soon after 682 AD. It was divided into vast estates, and one of these divisions included all land within the boundaries of the rivers Teign and Bovey, with Mor Tun as its major settlement. The present parish of over 6,000 acres (24 km²) is the residue of that ancient crown lordship. The Domesday Book (1086 AD) shows that the manor of Moreton, with some neighbouring manors, supported upwards of 5,000 sheep. Wool and (in later years) the manufacture of woollen cloth formed the basis of the town's economy for over 700 years. The economy was evidently healthy when the town established a water-powered fulling mill before the end of the 13th century.
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Morwellham Quay
Coordinates: 50°30′19″N 04°11′37″W / 50.50528°N 4.19361°W / 50.50528; -4.19361
Morwellham Quay is a historic river port in Devon, England that developed to support the local mines. The port had its peak in the Victorian era and is now run as a tourist attraction and museum. It is the terminus of the Tavistock Canal, and has its own copper mine.
The open air museum includes the restored 19th century village, the docks and quays, a restored ship, the George and Charlotte copper mine which is toured by a small train, a Victorian farm and a nature reserve with trails.
In July 2006, UNESCO (the cultural arm of the United Nations) awarded World Heritage Site status to the Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape area. Morwellham is strategically sited at the centre of the Tamar Valley Mining District which, together with nearby Tavistock, forms the easternmost gateway area to the rest of the World Heritage Site.
The industrial Heritage museum is an Anchor Point of ERIH, The European Route of Industrial Heritage.
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Morwenstow
Coordinates: 50°54′32″N 4°33′11″W / 50.909°N 4.553°W / 50.909; -4.553
Morwenstow is a civil parish and hamlet in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The hamlet is situated near the coast approximately six miles (10 km) north of Bude.
Morwenstow is the most northerly parish in Cornwall. As well as the churchtown, other settlements in the parish include Shop, Woodford, Gooseham, Eastcott, Wooley and West Youlstone. Morwenstow parish is bounded to the north and east by parishes in Devon, to the south by Kilkhampton parish and to the west by the Atlantic.
Morwenstow is the one-time home of the eccentric vicar and poet Robert Stephen Hawker (1803–1875), the writer of Cornwall's anthem Trelawny. Hawker is also credited with reviving the custom of Harvest Festivals.
The Church of St Morwenna and St John the Baptist, Morwenstow is dedicated to Saints John the Baptist and Morwenna and is of the Norman period. The Vicarage was built for Hawker and has chimneys in the form of the towers of various churches associated with him.
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Newlyn
Coordinates: 50°06′04″N 5°33′11″W / 50.101°N 5.553°W / 50.101; -5.553
Newlyn (Cornish: Lulyn) is a town and fishing port in southwest Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.
Newlyn forms a conurbation with the neighbouring town of Penzance and is part of Penzance civil parish, and is the southernmost town on the British mainland (though not the most southerly settlement). The principal industry in Newlyn is fishing.
The settlement is recorded as Nulyn in 1279 and as Lulyn in 1290, and the name is thought to be derived from the Cornish for "pool for a fleet of boats" which is thought to refer to the shallows offshore also called Gwavas Lake, traditionally the principal mooring for the fishing fleet in the area.
Before the rise of Newlyn as an important settlement the landing rights and most property within the Newlyn area were owned by the Manor of Alverton. Newlyn's history has been strongly linked to its role as a major fishing port. The natural protection afforded by the Gwavas Lake (an area of seawater in Mounts Bay) led to many local fishermen using this area as a preferred landing site. Newlyn harbour is first recorded in 1435 by the Bishop of Exeter; later large-scale improvements to the harbour led to Newlyn becoming the predominant fishing port in Mounts Bay.
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Newquay
Coordinates: 50°24′43″N 5°04′33″W / 50.4120°N 5.0757°W / 50.4120; -5.0757
Newquay (Cornish: Tewyn Plustry/Towan Blystra) is a town, civil parish, seaside resort and fishing port in Cornwall, England. It is situated on the North Atlantic coast of Cornwall approximately 20 miles (32 km) west of Bodmin and 12 miles (19 km) north of Truro.
The town is bounded to the west by the River Gannel and its associated salt marsh, and to the east by the Porth Valley. Newquay has been expanding inland (south) since it was founded.
In 2001, the census recorded a permanent population of 19,562.
There are some pre-historic burial mounds and an embankment on the area now known as The Barrowfields, 400 m (1,300 ft) from Trevelgue. There were once up to fifteen barrows, but now only a few remain. Excavations here have revealed charred cooking pots and a coarse pottery burial urn containing remains of a Bronze Age chieftain, who was buried here up to 3,500 years ago.
In 1987, evidence of a Bronze Age village was found at Trethellan Farm, a site that overlooks the River Gannel.
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Newton Abbot
Coordinates: 50°32′25″N 3°36′31″W / 50.5403°N 3.6087°W / 50.5403; -3.6087
Newton Abbot is a market town and civil parish in the Teignbridge District of Devon, England on the River Teign, with a population of 23,580.
Newton Abbot has a racecourse nearby situated in the parishes of Kingsteignton and Teigngrace and has one country park, Decoy. Newton Abbot's holds the historic Cheese and Onion Fayre, originally held from the 5th to 7 November in honour of Saint Leonard, but now celebrated at the beginning of September. The town grew very rapidly in the Victorian era as it was home to the South Devon Railway locomotive works. This later became a major steam engine shed and was retained to service British Railways diesel locomotives, although it closed in 1981 and is now the site of an industrial estate.
Traces of Neolithic people have been found at Berry's Wood Hill Fort near Bradley Manor. This was a contour hill fort that enclosed about 11 acres (4.5 ha). Milber Down camp was built in the 1st century BC. Later it was occupied by the Romans—coins and a pavement have been found.
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North Devon
Coordinates: 51°04′52″N 4°03′29″W / 51.081°N 4.058°W / 51.081; -4.058
North Devon is the northern part of the English county of Devon. It is also the name of a local government district in Devon. Its council is based in Barnstaple. Other towns and villages in the North Devon District include Braunton, Fremington, Ilfracombe, Instow, South Molton, Lynton and Lynmouth. The district was formed on 1 April 1974 as a merger of the Barnstaple municipal borough, the Ilfracombe and Lynton urban districts, and Barnstaple Rural District and South Molton Rural District.
The wider geographic area of North Devon is divided between North Devon District and the district of Torridge, based in Bideford.
North Devon is popular with retired people. The 2001 census showed 15 454 (18%) people aged 14 years and under, 54 413 (62%) aged 15–64 and 17 651 (20%) aged 65 and over. For comparison, the same age distributions across England are 19%, 65% and 16% respectively. People over 65 helped to live at home is below the national average. Life expectancy for men, at 76.9, is close to the national average, and increasing more slowly than throughout England. Female life expectancy is good at 82.1; and rising in line with England. There is a gap of 6 years in the life expectancy of people in the highest fifth of wards and the lowest fifth.
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North Tamerton
Coordinates: 50°45′04″N 4°23′38″W / 50.751°N 4.394°W / 50.751; -4.394
North Tamerton (Cornish: Tre war Damer) is a civil parish and village in east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is situated approximately eight miles (13 km) southeast of Bude and eight miles (13 km) north of Launceston.
North Tamerton is a thinly populated rural parish and is in the registration District of Stratton. It is bounded to the east by the River Tamar which delineates Cornwall's border with Devon but the border extends across the river making North Tamerton the only parish in Cornwall which extends east of the Tamar. North Tamerton is the only village in the parish, the other settlements being farmsteads and hamlets
The name Tamerton derives from 'estate on the Tamar'. To the west, the parish is bounded by the Cornish parishes of Whitstone and Week St Mary and population at the 2001 census was 288.
The village of North Tamerton on high ground above the confluence of the River Tamar and its tributary the River Deer. The 15th century church is dedicated to St Denis and is located at grid reference SX 311 973. The church has a chancel, nave, south aisle and a granite ashlar battlemented tower 70 feet (21 m) in height. The belfry houses a ring of five bells.
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North Tawton
Coordinates: 50°48′N 3°54′W / 50.8°N 3.9°W / 50.8; -3.9
North Tawton is a small town in Devon, England, situated on the river Taw.
The Romans crossed the River Taw at what is now Newland Mill, a little outside the present town, and established a succession of military camps there over the years. The Roman fort is believed to have had the name Nemetostatio, meaning "The road-station of the sacred groves", and may have been located on the site of an ancient druidic sanctuary. It covered an area of roughly 600 ft (185m) east-west by 390 ft (120m), and was located adjoining the Roman road between Isca Dumnoniorum (Exeter) and Okehampton. In addition, the site of a temporary marching camp has been identified half a mile to the north.
By the time of the Domesday survey (1086), there were six farm / manor holdings in what is now North Tawton Parish, including that of Tawton which was the forerunner of the town we know today.
St Peter's Church is first recorded in 1257. Only the tower of the present building dates from that time, with the rest being mostly 14th and 15th century. The tower is on the west and is topped by an oak-shingled spire. There are two aisles with granite arcades and a number of old benchends.
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Okehampton
Coordinates: 50°44′20″N 4°00′15″W / 50.7388°N 4.0041°W / 50.7388; -4.0041
Okehampton is a town and civil parish in West Devon in the English county of Devon. It is situated at the northern edge of Dartmoor, and has an estimated population of 7,155.
Okehampton was formed by the Saxons. The earliest written record of the settlement is from 980 AD as "Ocmundtune", meaning settlement by the Ockment, a river which runs through the town. It was recorded as a place for slaves to be freed at cross roads.
Like many towns in the West Country, Okehampton grew on the medieval wool trade. Notable buildings in the town include the 15th century chapel of St. James and Okehampton Castle, which was established by the Norman Sheriff of Devon, Baldwin FitzGilbert(d.1090), also known as Baldwin de Brionne.
Okehampton was the caput of a very large feudal barony which was held at the time of Domesday Book(1087) by Baldwin FitzGilbert(d.1090), The tenure of the barony is obscure for the next twenty years when the barony was held by the heiress Maud d'Avranches(d.1173), until her death, when it was passed to her daughter Hawise de Curci(d.1219). Hawise married Reginald de Courtenay(d.1190) of the French House of Courtenay, whose French possessions were confiscated by the French King Louis VII(d.1180) were given, together with the marriage of his daughter Elizabeth de Courtenay, to his youngest brother Peter of France(d.1183), Peter I of Courtenay.
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Ottery St Mary
Coordinates: 50°45′07″N 3°16′43″W / 50.75208°N 3.27859°W / 50.75208; -3.27859
Ottery St Mary, known as "Ottery" ( /ˈɒtərɪ/ or local /ˈɒtrɪ/), is a town in the East Devon district of Devon, England, on the River Otter, about ten miles east of Exeter on the B3174. It is part of a large civil parish of the same name, which also covers the villages of West Hill, Metcombe, Fairmile, Alfington, Tipton St John and Wiggaton. It has a population of 7,692.
The place-name 'Ottery St Mary' is first attested in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it appears as 'Otri' and 'Otrei'. 'Oteri Sancte Marie' is first mentioned in 1242. The town takes its name from the River Otter on which it stands, the river taking its name from the animal. The 'St Mary' element refers to the fact that the town belonged to the church of St Mary in Rouen in 1086.
The town was the birthplace of the Romantic poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, where his father, the Reverend John Coleridge, was a well-respected vicar. The noted diplomat Sir Ernest Satow spent his retirement (1906–29) here at a house called Beaumont, which still stands. Sir Ernest was buried in the churchyard; there is a commemorative plaque to him in the church.
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Padstow
Coordinates: 50°32′17″N 4°56′17″W / 50.538°N 4.938°W / 50.538; -4.938
Padstow (Cornish: Lannwedhenek) is a town, civil parish and fishing port on the north coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The town is situated on the west bank of the River Camel estuary approximately five miles northwest of Wadebridge, ten miles northwest of Bodmin and ten miles northeast of Newquay. The population of Padstow civil parish was 3,162 in the 2001 census.
Padstow was originally named Petroc-stow, Petroc-stowe, or 'Petrock's Place', after the Welsh missionary Saint Petroc, who landed at Trebetherick around AD 500. After his death a monastery (Lanwethinoc, the church of Wethinoc an earlier holy man) was established here which was of great importance until the town was raided by the Vikings in 981 (the Vikings laid waste "Petroces stow" (probably Padstow) according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle). Either as a result of this attack or later the monks moved inland to Bodmin taking with them the relics of St Petroc. The cult of St Petroc was important both in Padstow and Bodmin.
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Paignton
Coordinates: 50°25′N 3°34′W / 50.42°N 3.56°W / 50.42; -3.56
Paignton ( /ˈpeɪntən/) is a coastal town in Devon in England. Together with Torquay and Brixham it forms the unitary authority of Torbay which was created in 1998. The Torbay area is a holiday destination known as the English Riviera. Paignton's population in the United Kingdom Census of 2001 was 48,251. It has origins as a Celtic settlement and was first mentioned in 1086. It grew as a small fishing village and a new harbour was built in 1847. A railway line was opened to passengers in 1859 creating links to Torquay and London. As its population increased, it merged with the villages of Goodrington and Preston.
Paignton is mentioned in the Domesday Book of AD 1086. Formerly written Peynton and Paington, the name is derived from Paega's town, the original Celtic settlement. Paignton was given the status of a borough having a market and fair in 1294.
Paignton was a small fishing village until the 19th century, when in 1837 the Paington (sic) Harbour Act led to the construction of a new harbour and the modern spelling, Paignton, first appeared. The historic part of Paignton is centred around Church Street, Winner Street and Palace Avenue which contain fine examples of Victorian architecture. Kirkham House is a late medieval stone house which is open to the public at certain times of year. The Coverdale Tower adjacent to Paignton Parish Church is named after Bishop Miles Coverdale, who published an English translation of the Bible in 1536. Coverdale was Bishop of Exeter between 1551 and 1553 and is reputed to have lived in the tower although this is doubted by modern historians.
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Penzance
Coordinates: 50°07′08″N 5°32′13″W / 50.119°N 5.537°W / 50.119; -5.537
Penzance ( /pɛnˈzæns/; Cornish: Pensans; also Penzans) is a town, civil parish, and port in Cornwall, in the United Kingdom. It is the most westerly major town in Cornwall and is approximately 75 miles (120 km) west of Plymouth and 300 miles (500 km) west-southwest of London. Situated in the shelter of Mount's Bay, the town faces south-east onto the English Channel, is bordered to the west by the fishing port of Newlyn, to the north by the civil parish of Madron and to the east by the civil parish of Ludgvan. The town's location gives it a temperate climate, milder than most of the rest of Britain.
Granted various Royal Charters from 1512 onwards and incorporated in 1614, it has a population of 21,168.
Penzance (Pensans), or "holy headland" in the Cornish language, is a reference to the location of a chapel nowadays called St Anthony's that is said to have stood over a thousand years ago on the headland to the west of what became Penzance Harbour. There are no early documents mentioning an actual dedication to St Anthony which seems to depend entirely on tradition and may be groundless. The only remaining object from this chapel is a carved figure, now largely eroded, known as "St Raffidy" which can be found in the churchyard of the parish church of St Mary's near the original site of the chapel. Until the 1930s this history was also reflected in the choice of symbol for the town, the severed "holy head" of St John the Baptist. It can still be seen on the civic regalia of the Mayor of Penzance and on several important landmarks in the town.
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Plymouth
Plymouthi/ˈplɪməθ/ is a city and unitary authority area on the south coast of Devon, England, about 190 miles (310 km) south-west of London. It is situated between the mouths of the rivers Plym to the east and Tamar to the west, where they join Plymouth Sound. Since 1967, the City of Plymouth has included the suburbs of Plympton and Plymstock, which are on the east side of the River Plym.
Plymouth's history goes back to the Bronze Age, when its first settlement grew at Mount Batten. This settlement continued to grow as a trading post for the Roman Empire, until the more prosperous village of Sutton, the current Plymouth, surpassed it. In 1620, the Pilgrim Fathers left Plymouth for the New World and established Plymouth Colony – the second English settlement in what is now the United States of America. During the English Civil War the town was held by the Parliamentarians and was besieged between 1642 and 1646.
Throughout the Industrial Revolution, Plymouth grew as a major commercial shipping port, handling imports and passengers from the Americas, while the neighbouring town of Devonport grew as an important Royal Naval shipbuilding and dockyard town. In 1914 the three neighbouring and independent towns, viz., the county borough of Plymouth, the county borough of Devonport, and the urban district of East Stonehouse were merged to form a single County Borough. The new, merged town took the name of Plymouth which, in 1928, achieved city status. The city's naval importance later led to its targeting and partial destruction during World War II, an act known as the Plymouth Blitz. After the war the city centre was completely rebuilt.
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Plympton
Coordinates: 50°23′10″N 4°03′04″W / 50.386°N 4.051°W / 50.386; -4.051
Plympton, or Plympton Maurice or Plympton St Maurice or Plympton St Mary or Plympton Erle, in south-western Devon, England is an ancient stannary town: an important trading centre in the past for locally mined tin, and a former seaport (before the River Plym silted up and trade moved down the river to Plymouth). Today it is a populous, north-eastern suburb of the city of Plymouth of which it officially became part, along with Plymstock, in 1967.
Plympton still has its own town centre (called the Ridgeway), and is itself an amalgamation of several villages, including St Mary's, St Maurice, Colebrook, Woodford, Newnham, Langage and Chaddlewood.
Although the name of the town appears to be derived from its location on the River Plym (compare, for instance, Otterton or Yealmpton), this is not considered to be the case. As J. Brooking Rowe pointed out in 1906, the town is not and never was sited on the river. The earliest surviving documentary reference to the place is as Plymentun in Anglo-Saxon charter S380 dated to around 900AD, and this name may be derived from the Old English adjective plymen, meaning "growing with plum-trees". So Plympton has the meaning "Plum-tree farm", and the River Plym was named from a back-formation from this name and nearby Plymstock. This later led to the naming of the fishing port created at the river's mouth (Plymouth, originally named Sutton) when the river estuary silted up too much for the monks to sail up river to Plympton any longer.
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Pont Pill
Coordinates: 50°20′02″N 4°37′26″W / 50.334°N 4.624°W / 50.334; -4.624
Pont Creek, or Pont Pill as it is more commonly known, joins the River Fowey at Penleath Point just below the memorial to Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch at the north-east corner of Fowey harbour. Pont Pill is a tidal river and is only navigable at high water.
Unspoiled by development, Pont Pill is popular with bird watchers, walkers, sailors and sport fishermen. The best way to see Pont Pill is by small boat at high water when it is possible to reach the bridge a mile-and-a-half upriver at the end of the navigable water.
Walkers can see Pont Pill from hills that surround the river by following a section of the South West Coast Path between Bodinnick and Fowey.
Pont Pill is thought by many local people to be part of the inspiration for Mole, Ratty, Toad and Badger's adventures in The Wind in the Willows because author Kenneth Grahame holidayed in nearby Lerryn. Grahame's time spent near the river may have inspired the bedtime stories he told to his son, and later developed into the famous children's book.
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Port Navas Creek
Port Navas Creek /Porthnavas Creek is one of seven creeks off the Helford River in Cornwall, United Kingdom, it splits into three heads with the village of Porth Navas on the west one, Trenarth Bridge on the middle and the east one is near Budock Veane
Most of the creek is located in Ordnance Survey grid SW75x27x.
The main section is just over 1 km in length, with the bit to Porth Navas coming off about half way along.
The creek is well known for the oyster beds.
The Helford River Children's Sailing Trust is based in the creek.
A focal point of Port Navas is Port Navas Quay - a grade II listed site which has been degraded. A campaign group has been set up to protect and preserve the Quay and to reverse environmental damage in the wider Helford River area.
Coordinates: 50°06′03″N 5°08′27″W / 50.1009°N 5.1409°W / 50.1009; -5.1409
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Porthleven
Coordinates: 50°04′05″N 5°18′58″W / 50.068°N 5.316°W / 50.068; -5.316
Porthleven is a town, civil parish and fishing port near Helston in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is the most southerly port on the island of Great Britain, and was originally developed as a harbour of refuge, when this part of the Cornish coastline was recognised as a black spot for wrecks in days of sail. Nearby Loe Bar was particularly infamous, with swimmers and surfers being warned off the area to this day.
Historically and for local government purposes, Porthleven was included within the town boundaries of nearby Helston. After years of growth, it now has its own town council. Its population recorded by the United Kingdom Census 2001 was 3,190.
Including tourists and surfers would swell that number considerably. Porthleven has exploited its location and exposure to powerful swells to become one of the best-known and highly-regarded surfing spots in Britain. Waves often exceeding 2 metres break on the shallow reef that was shaped by blasting the harbour. Due to the prevailing westerly winds it was very easy for a ship under sail to get trapped in the bay and be cast up on the rocks at the small fishing coves of Mullion, Kynance and the Lizard.
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Princetown
Coordinates: 50°32′42″N 3°59′39″W / 50.54507°N 3.99422°W / 50.54507; -3.99422
Princetown is a town situated on Dartmoor in the English county of Devon.
In 1785, Sir Thomas Tyrwhitt, Secretary to the Prince of Wales, leased a large area of moorland from the Duchy of Cornwall estate, hoping to convert it into good farmland. He encouraged people to live in the area and suggested that a prison be built there. He called the settlement Princetown after the Prince of Wales.
Princetown is best known as the site of Dartmoor Prison. It is the highest town on the moor, and one of the highest in the United Kingdom. The Princetown Railway, closed in 1956, was also the highest railway line in England, its Princetown terminus being 435 metres (1,427 ft) above sea level.
In 1780, a farm was reclaimed on the site of an ancient tenement near the Two Bridges, and in 1785, Sir Thomas Tyrwhitt set about improving the moor at a place which he named Tor Royal, about 1 km (0.62 mi) south-east of Princetown. He made an estate and built a house in 1798. Later the road from Tavistock to Princetown was built, as well as the other roads that now cross the Moor.
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Redruth
Coordinates: 50°13′59″N 5°13′26″W / 50.233°N 5.224°W / 50.233; -5.224
Redruth (Cornish: Resrudh, pronunciation: /rəˈdruːð/ rə-DROODH) is a town and civil parish traditionally in the Penwith Hundred in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It has a population of 12,352. Redruth lies approximately at the junction of the A393 and A3047 roads, on the route of the old London to Land's End trunk road (now the A30), and is approximately 9 miles (14 km) west of Truro, 12 miles (19 km) east of St Ives, 18 miles (29 km) north east of Penzance and 11 miles (18 km) north west of Falmouth. Camborne and Redruth together form the largest urban area in Cornwall and before local government reorganisation were an Urban District.
The name Redruth (pronounced 'Re-drooth') derives from its Cornish name, Rhyd-ruth. Rhyd an older form of 'Res', which is a Cornish equivalent to a ford (across a river), a common Celtic word : Old Cornish rid; Welsh rhyd (Old Welsh rit); Old Breton rit or ret, Gaulish ritu-, all from Indo-European *prtus derived word in -tu from the root *per « to cross, to go through »; Proto-Germanic *furdúz (English ford, German Furt); Latin portus, all related to the Celtic word. It is the -ruth (and not the Red- part of the name) which means the colour red.
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River Ashburn
Coordinates: 50°31′23″N 3°45′25″W / 50.523°N 3.757°W / 50.523; -3.757 Ashburn is a river in the Dartmoor moors in Devon in south-west England, flowing through the Ashburton valley to the River Dart.
The River Ashburn is a small river on Dartmoor, rising near Rippon Tor, flowing through the town of Ashburton and joining with the river Dart near Buckfastleigh. The source of the river is on Horridge Common at a height of 365 metres. The river Ashburn flows quickly down a steep river valley through woods and under stone bridges before coming into Ashburton on the north side of town and passing by Ashburton Town Hall, then turning west and heading out of town via the town park. It is a typical, fast flowing, clean Dartmoor river.
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River Bovey
Bovey is a river in the Dartmoor moors in Devon in south-west England.
Coordinates: 50°34′N 3°37′W / 50.567°N 3.617°W / 50.567; -3.617
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River Clyst
The River Clyst is a river of England. The river runs through the county of Devon.
Rising near the village of Clyst William near Cullompton, the river runs west and southwest, flowing through the settlements of Norman's Green, Plymtree, Clyst Hydon, Clyst St. Lawrence, Westwood, emerging in the Clyst Valley.
From there, the river goes southward through Broadclyst, West Clyst, Clyst Honiton, Clyst St. Mary and Clyst St. George, eventually flowing into the Exe estuary at Bowling Green Marsh, immediately south of the port of Topsham near Exeter.
Coordinates: 50°40′41″N 3°27′07″W / 50.678°N 3.452°W / 50.678; -3.452
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River Cober
Coordinates: 50°05′N 5°17′W / 50.083°N 5.283°W / 50.083; -5.283
The River Cober (Cornish: Dowr Cogher) is a short river in west Cornwall, United Kingdom. It rises near Porkellis Moor in the former Kerrier District and runs to the west of the town of Helston before entering the largest natural lake in Cornwall – Loe Pool. The water is impounded by the natural barrier, Loe Bar, and the river system can be traced several kilometres out into Mount’s Bay. Mining activity of over one hundred years in the river catchment, ceased in 1938, in the Wendron and Porkellis mining districts; and the engine house of Castle Wary (also known as Wheal Pool), near Nansloe can still be seen on the east side of the river below Helston. The lower reaches of river was canalised in 1946 and a causeway built over Loe Marsh in 1987.
A common belief is that until the 13th century the River Cober ran directly to sea, until its mouth became blocked by a deposition of sand which formed Loe Bar and created Loe Pool. Loe Bar was more likely created by eustatic sea level rise after the last ice age. The rising sea level pushed a large amount of sediment into the mouth of the river, blocking it and creating a barrier beach. Loe Bar consists mainly of flint, a rock not found in Cornwall; the nearest onshore source is in east Devon, 120 miles away. The most likely source of flint is found offshore; the drowned terraces of a former river that flowed between England and France and is now under the English Channel. There is no evidence that Helston was a sea port.
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River Creedy
The River Creedy is a small river in Devon, England. It gives its name to the local town or ton of Crediton, which is on its west bank. Just below the town, the river merges with the River Yeo and it ends where it meets the River Exe at Cowley Bridge.
The name is believed to be of Celtic origin, but views of its precise origin differ. According to one source it derives from a root meaning winding. Another view holds that it means shrinking, as compared with the more powerful Yeo.
Coordinates: 50°44′N 3°33′W / 50.733°N 3.55°W / 50.733; -3.55
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River Erme
The Erme is a river in south Devon, England. From its source on Dartmoor it flows in a generally southerly direction past some of the best-preserved archaeological remains on the moor. It leaves the moor at the town of Ivybridge and continues southward, passing the settlements of Ermington, Modbury and Holbeton. Near Holbeton it becomes a ria and empties into the English Channel in Bigbury Bay, between the rivers Yealm and Avon.
The Ravenna Cosmography, an imperfect list of place-names that was compiled in the early 8th century from late Roman sources, lists amongst many others, over twenty names that probably refer to places in south-west England. Most of these have not been positively identified, but the name Aramis/Aranus/Armis was suggested to be the River Erme by Rivet and Smith in The Place-names of Roman Britain (1979).
The first certain documentary reference to the river is as Irym in the cartulary of Buckfast Abbey, dated 1240. Other early recorded forms are Hyrm, Irm, Erm and, in the mid 16th century, Arme. The derivation of the name remains unknown. Ekwall's suggestion that it is a back-formation from Ermington is now thought to be unlikely.Tristram Risdon, in his 1811 Survey of Devon gives an alternate name for the River Erme as the River Arme. He also refers to the mouth of the River Erme as Armouth. In Donn's map of Devon published in 1765, the village of Mothecombe at the mouth of the river, is referred to as Muddicomb.
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River Fal
The River Fal (Cornish: Dowr Fala) flows through Cornwall, United Kingdom, rising on the Goss Moor (between St. Columb and St Austell) and reaching the English Channel at Falmouth. On or near the banks of the Fal are the castles of Pendennis and St Mawes as well as Trelissick Garden. The River Fal separates the Roseland peninsula from the rest of Cornwall. Like most of its kind on the south coast of Cornwall and Devon, the Fal estuary is a classic ria, or drowned river valley.
The origin and meaning of the name of the river are unknown. The earliest occurrences of the name are in documents of 969 and 1049 AD. Falmouth, a town which was named Smithwick until the 17th century, is named after the River Fal. The word Fal in Cornish may refer to a prince, or on the other hand to a spade or shovel.
The river mouth and Falmouth harbour served as an anchorage in the immediate years after the Second World War for scores of laid-up Royal Navy vessels (including battleships, carriers, and cruisers) awaiting sale for scrap. Its size and depth of water made it ideal for this use.[citation needed]
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River Fowey
The River Fowey (i/ˈfɔɪ/ FOY; Cornish: Fowy) is a river in Cornwall, United Kingdom.
It rises about 1-mile (1.6 km) north-west of Brown Willy on Bodmin Moor, not far from one of its tributaries rising at Dozmary Pool and Colliford Lake, passes Lanhydrock House, Restormel Castle and Lostwithiel, then broadens at Milltown before joining the English Channel at Fowey. It is only navigable by larger craft for the last 7 miles (11 km). There is a ferry between Fowey and Bodinnick. The first road crossing going upstream is in Lostwithiel. The river has seven tributaries, the largest being the River Lerryn. The section of the Fowey Valley between Doublebois and Bodmin Parkway railway station is known as the Glynn Valley (from Glynn House, Cardinham). The valley is the route of both the A38 trunk road and the railway line (built by the Cornwall Railway in 1859). The railway line is carried on eight stone viaducts along this stretch (see Cornwall Railway viaducts).
The upper reaches of the Fowey are mainly moorland giving way to woodland and farmland, predominantly livestock. This means that 63.6% of the catchment is grassland, with a further 18.3% woodland and 10.7% arable land. Of the remaining 7.5%, 2.6% is urban or built-up areas, 2.5% is mountain, heath and bog and the remainder is inland waters.
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River Heddon
The River Heddon is a river in Devon, in the south of England. Running along the western edges of Exmoor, the river reaches the North Devon coast at Heddon's Mouth. The nearest road access to the beach is at Hunter's Inn, approximately 2 km south of sea-fall.
The Heddon Valley is renowned for its natural beauty, with bridges and stepping stones along the river, meadows full of flowers and easy walks which start from the National Trust shop and information centre which has been in the ownership of the National Trust since 1963.
The cobbled beach at Heddon's Mouth is approximately 300m wide and is only accessible through footpaths on the National Trust land or via the South West Coast Path. There are remains of a lime kiln on its western edge. The valley immediately landwards of the beach has very steep slopes to its east and west, with the hills climbing over 200 m in altitude within 500 m of the river. The remains of a Roman fortlet are visible on the hilltop immediately to the east of Heddon's Mouth.
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River Lemon
Coordinates: 50°35′00″N 3°45′12″W / 50.5832°N 3.7534°W / 50.5832; -3.7534
The River Lemon is a 16-km-long river in the county of Devon in south-west England. It rises on the south-east side of Dartmoor near Haytor, joins with the River Sig and the Langworthy Brook at Sigford, then passes the village of Bickington. Lower down, it is joined by the Kestor Brook and it then flows through the woods in Bradley Valley, past the manor house of Bradley, and through the town of Newton Abbot where it flows through a 400-metre-long tunnel below the town centre. Just below the town, the river joins the River Teign near the head of its estuary.
The river has several times caused major flooding in Newton Abbot, most notably on 19 December 1853, 14 November 1894, 6 August 1938, and 27 December 1979. To prevent further occurrences, a flood-control reservoir and dam were built in 1982, just below the confluence with the Kestor Brook at Holbeam. As of February 2011, the river has caused no further floods in the town.
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River Lew
The River Lew can refer to either of two short rivers that lie close to each other in Devon, England.
The more northerly of the two rises just south of the village of Beaworthy, and flows east, then turns north to run past Hatherleigh before joining the River Torridge about 1 km north of the town. Its name is incorporated into that of the village of Northlew.
The more southerly of the two rises on the northwest corner of Dartmoor, near Sourton, and flows west and somewhat south, through the Lew Valley past Lewtrenchard and south of Lewdown before joining the River Lyd near Marystow. It has in earlier times also been known as Lew Water. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records a battle in 825 in which Devon forces loyal to Egbert of Wessex defeated the Cornish at "Gafulford"; and this is thought to be Galford on the banks of this river, though some translations render it as Camelford, some 20 miles further west.
At their nearest point the two rivers are not much more than 10 km apart. Domesday Book mentions a Lew Manor in this area, and it may be that both rivers take their name from it. Ekwall enters the southerly river as Lew Water and gives a derivation from British 'Lliw' for both (other river names are known to have the same origin). The manor cannot have been named any earlier than the Anglo-Saxon period
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River Lumburn
The Lumburn is a river on Dartmoor, Devon, England.
It is a tributary of the River Tavy.
The Painted Stream, Robin Armstrong, Dent, 1985, ISBN 0-460-04702-7
Coordinates: 50°31′32″N 4°09′54″W / 50.5255°N 4.1650°W / 50.5255; -4.1650
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River Lynher
Coordinates: 50°22′44″N 4°15′50″W / 50.379°N 4.264°W / 50.379; -4.264
The River Lynher (Cornish: Avon Lynnhir, Dowr Lyner) (or St Germans River) flows through east Cornwall, UK, passing St Germans and enters the River Tamar at the Hamoaze, which in turn flows into Plymouth Sound.
The river is approximately 21 miles (34 km long), rising at a height of approximately 920 feet (280m) on Bodmin Moor and flowing into the Tamar Estuary near Plymouth. It has four main tributaries, the largest of which is the River Tiddy. The smaller tributaries include Deans Brook, Withey Brook, Marke Valley and Darleyford streams and Kelly Brook.
The Lynher and its tributaries are largely used for rod and line fishing, particularly for brown trout and Atlantic salmon.
Its estuary is a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest and also a Special Protection Area. Many species of animals can be found here, including the kingfisher, otter, dipper, avocet, and black-tailed godwit; the triangular club-rush (scirpus) also grows on the banks. The estuary, along with the Tamar–Tavy Estuary system and St John's Lake, form the Tamar Estuaries Complex Special Protection Area (SPA), as well as forming part of the Plymouth Sound and Estuaries Special Area of Conservation (SAC).
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River Meavy
The river Meavy is a river in Dartmoor in Devon in south-west England. It forms the outlet from Burrator Reservoir, and flows generally south-west past the village of Meavy and then south before it joins the River Plym at the upper end of Bickleigh Vale.
Coordinates: 50°27′17″N 4°04′05″W / 50.4546°N 4.0681°W / 50.4546; -4.0681
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River Okement
The River Okement is a tributary of the River Torridge in Devon, England. It was formerly known as the River Ock.
It rises at two places in Dartmoor, as the West Okement and the East Okement. These meet with other minor streams and join together at Okehampton. The river flows generally north, past the villages of Jacobstowe and Monkokehampton, and has its confluence with the River Torridge near Meeth.
Coordinates: 50°51′N 4°03′W / 50.85°N 4.05°W / 50.85; -4.05
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River Plym
The River Plym is a river in Devon, England. Its source is some 450m (about 1500 ft) above sea level on Dartmoor, in an upland marshy area called Plym Head. From the upper reaches which contain antiquities and mining remains the river flows roughly southwest and enters the sea near (and gives its name) to the city of Plymouth, where the settlement was historically known as Sutton. Its tidal estuary is known as the Laira. It is approximately 30 km (about 20 mi) long.
The name Plym is thought to have its origins in Old English and means the 'plum tree', from a back-formation from the name of Plympton.
HMS Plym (K271), a River-class antisubmarine frigate, was named after the river during World War II. It carried out convoy escort duties in the North Atlantic and was later destroyed in the UK's first nuclear explosion.
When it was in operation, the Cann Quarry Canal left the river at Marsh Mills.
The Plym Valley Railway is a volunteer run railway which operates steam and diesel hauled train rides along a section of the Plym Valley from Marsh Mills station. The railway is currently extending its line to Plymbridge.
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River Sid
The River Sid is a minor river in East Devon. It flows for 10.5 kilometres southwards from a source in Crowpits Covert (OSGB36 Grid reference SY138963) at a height of 206 metres above sea level. The source is at the head of a goyle or small ravine.
The underlying geology is impermeable silty mudstones and sandstones of the Triassic Keuper marl, overlain with permeable Greensand and clay-with-flints. The junction between the Greensand and Keuper Marl forms a spring line.
The river flows through Sidbury and Sidford to Sidmouth and is fed by springs flowing from East Hill and water from the Roncombe Stream, the Snod Brook and the Woolbrook. In Sidmouth the river outflows at the Ham through a shingle bar.
Coordinates: 50°41′N 3°14′W / 50.683°N 3.233°W / 50.683; -3.233
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River Swincombe
Coordinates: 50°32′38″N 3°59′24″W / 50.544°N 3.990°W / 50.544; -3.990 The River Swincombe is a tributary of the West Dart River on Dartmoor in Devon in south-west England. It rises south-east of Princetown, and flows 2 km south-east to Foxtor Mires, where it turns north-east to meet the West Dart near Hexworthy. The first 2 km are known as the Strane River.
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River Tavy
The Tavy is a river on Dartmoor, Devon, England. The name derives from the Brythonic root "Taff", the original meaning of which has now been lost. It has given its name to the town of Tavistock and the villages of Mary Tavy and Peter Tavy. It is a tributary of the River Tamar and has as its own tributaries:
At Tavistock it feeds a canal running to Morwellham Quay.
Its mouth it is crossed by the Tavy Bridge which carries the Tamar Valley railway line.
The river is navigable inland as far as Lopwell, about a 9-mile (14 km) journey from North Corner Quay at Devonport, and river transport was an important feature of the local farming, mining, tourism and forestry economies.
Coordinates: 50°28′N 4°09′W / 50.467°N 4.15°W / 50.467; -4.15
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River Taw
The River Taw rises at Taw Head, a spring on the central northern flanks of Dartmoor. It reaches the Bristol Channel 72 km (45 mi) away on the north coast of Devon at a joint estuary mouth which it shares with the River Torridge.
As it heads north, the stream gives its name to the village of South Tawton and to the late Poet Laureate Ted Hughes' adopted home town of North Tawton. The river picks up headwaters from a number of tributaries, including the Lapford Yeo, the Little Dart River and the River Mole, which rises on Devon's other upland area, Exmoor. The river increases in size and becomes a recreational trout, sea trout and salmon river before becoming tidal at Newbridge, approximately 19 km (12 mi) from the sea. This journey passes through rural Devon, the river being surrounded by pasture and wooded valley sides.
The river shares the large tidal ranges of the Bristol Channel and daily changes of water depth of 6 m to 8 m are common near its mouth. This effect can also be seen in changes to the tidal-estuarine basin, which is 18 km long. The tidally-influenced river starts at Newbridge, 4 km south of Barnstaple, where the river's width is approximately 20 m. The channel's width increases dramatically over the next 8 km, reaching 750 m by Fremington.
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River Thrushel
The River Thrushel is a river in Devon, England.
The Thrushel runs westerly from its source near Meldon to Tinhay, where it joins the River Wolf.
The river is marked as Tinhay River on Donn's map of 1765.[1]
Coordinates: 50°37′N 4°18′W / 50.617°N 4.3°W / 50.617; -4.3
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River Torridge
The River Torridge is a river in Devon in England. It was the home of Tarka the Otter in Henry Williamson's book. The Torridge local government district is named after the river.
The river rises close to the border with Cornwall (north of the source of the River Tamar [1]. It flows generally east, passing between East Putford and West Putford, and near Bradford it is joined by the River Waldon, then heads east past Black Torrington and Sheepwash. It is joined by the River Lew near Hatherleigh, and then by the River Okement near Meeth.
It then flows northwards, picking up the River Mere south of Beaford. After this it makes tight bends, and goes past Little Torrington and Great Torrington heading generally north-west. It is joined by the River Yeo at Pillmouth, and then becomes estuarine by Bideford. Between Appledore and Instow it joins the estuary of the River Taw.
The Tarka Trail walking and cycle route partly follows the course of the North Devon Railway, which, for a considerable distance, closely followed the line of the river. South of Bideford the railway crossed from one bank to the other, and the Trail provides a good vantage point for viewing the river.
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River Truro
Coordinates: 50°15′25″N 5°02′42″W / 50.257°N 5.045°W / 50.257; -5.045
The River Truro is a river in the city of Truro in Cornwall, England, UK. It is the product of the convergence of the two rivers named Kenwyn and Allen which run under the city: the River Truro (named after the city) flows into the River Fal, estuarial waters where wildlife is abundant, and then out into the Carrick Roads. The river is navigable up to Truro.
The river valleys form a bowl surrounding the city on the north, east and west and open to the Truro River in the south. The fairly steep-sided bowl in which Truro is located, along with high precipitation swelling the rivers and a spring tide in the River Fal, were major causes of flooding in 1988 which caused large amounts of damage to the city centre. Since then, flood defences have been constructed around the city, including an emergency dam at New Mill on the River Kenwyn and a tidal barrier on the Truro River, to prevent future problems.
The river from the city to the village of Malpas, including Lambe Creek and Calenick Creek, form Malpas Estuary SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest). It is an important habitat of tidal mudflats, which are feeding grounds for wildfowl and wading birds. The banks of the estuary are also noted for its flora.
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River Valency
The River Valency (Cornish: Dowr an Velynjy) is located in north Cornwall with many tributaries, and after running past Lesnewth cuts a valley before entering the sea at the harbour of the village of Boscastle. One of its tributaries is the River Jordan, which it joins in Boscastle just before the B3263 road bridge.
The Valency valley is steep-sided and the sides of the lower section are wooded. The valley has been flooded many times, most seriously in the Boscastle flood of 2004 when significant channel erosion occurred. (Heavy rainfall for 7 hours over a wide area in the afternoon of 16 August 2004 led to severe flooding and structural damage.)
The name has been explained as a corruption of the Cornish Melinjy (i.e. Melin-Chy = Mill-house) from the mill which existed in mediaeval times.
Coordinates: 50°41′30″N 4°42′01″W / 50.6916°N 4.7004°W / 50.6916; -4.7004
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River Walkham
Coordinates: 50°31′19″N 4°06′11″W / 50.522°N 4.103°W / 50.522; -4.103 The Walkham is a river whose source is on Dartmoor, Devon, England. Flowing under Merivale and Huckworthy Bridges, the river reaches Horrabridge. About three miles further on, by a footbridge on the West Devon Way, it joins the River Tavy.
The Painted Stream, Robin Armstrong, Dent, 1985, ISBN 0-460-04702-7
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River Wallabrooke
The Wallabrooke is a river on Dartmoor, Devon, England.
It is a tributary of the River Tavy.
The Painted Stream, Robin Armstrong, Dent, 1985, ISBN 0-460-04702-7
Coordinates: 50°33′39″N 4°08′17″W / 50.5608°N 4.1380°W / 50.5608; -4.1380
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River Wolf
Coordinates: 50°40′12″N 4°15′11″W / 50.670°N 4.253°W / 50.670; -4.253 The River Wolf is a minor river in the west of the county of Devon in England. Its name may come from a Celtic or earlier name recorded by the Roman map-maker Ptolemy (Ptolemy II 3 13) as Ουολιβα (Voliba)[citation needed] as a town of the Dumnonii (it may be Broadbury Castle); rather than referring to the wolf animal.
The river runs from Broadbury through the valley below Germansweek and empties into Roadford Lake, a man-made reservoir built in 1989. In July 2006 some 100 million litres of water were released from the lake to help the survival of salmon in the river during a prolonged period of drought.
After Roadford Lake the river continues through Slew Woods below the village of Broadwoodwidger. It then continues in a southerly direction eventually merging with the River Thrushel near Stowford and then joins the River Lew at Tinhay near Lifton and becomes the River Lyd. The River Lyd eventually joins the River Tamar at the Devon/Cornwall border just east of Launceston.
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River Yealm
Yealm is a river in Dartmoor in Devon in south-west England. It rises 1,411 feet above sea level on the Stall Moor mires of south Dartmoor and makes a 12 mile journey to the sea, passing through Cornwood, Lee Mill and Yealmpton, before reaching the estuary mouth just below Newton Ferrers and Noss Mayo, although it is bounded on the other side by Wembury. The harbour authority is made up of representatives from the riparian parishes of Wembury, Yealmpton, Brixton and Newton and Noss.
This short river once supported relatively large stocks of salmon, sea trout and brown trout but their populations have dwindled since the 1940s.
The Yealm estuary has a large oyster bed. The fertility of estuaries relates to the fact that when different water masses meet there is usually a bloom of the phytoplankton, which can double its numbers/mass every 24 hours, but nude microscopic algae multiply so quickly they can consume all the available plant nutrients until one nutrient is absent and they return to dormancy. But when two bodies of water meet, as they do in estuaries, it is unlikely that the same nutrient is missing in both. Here, the River Yealm and its estuary are well-matched, so the fresh and sea waters mix in approximately ideal proportions while there is always a reservoir of blooming mixed water that is not washed out to sea at low Spring tides. Some other South Devon estuaries do not share this feature: some, like Salcombe, receive too little fresh-water while some, like the Dart receive too much, at least for ideal shellfish production.
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Royal Mint
The Royal Mint is the body permitted to manufacture, or mint, coins in the United Kingdom. The Mint originated over 1,100 years ago, but since 2009 it operates as Royal Mint Ltd, a company which has an exclusive contract with HM Treasury to supply all coinage for the UK. Royal Mint Ltd is 100% owned by HM Treasury, though the latter delegates shareholder responsibilities to the Shareholder Executive.
As well as minting coins for the UK, it also mints and exports coins to many other countries, and produces military medals, commemorative medals and other such items for governments, schools and businesses, being known as the world's leading exporting Mint. Responsibility for the security of the site falls to the Ministry of Defence Police, who provide an armed contingent.
The Royal Mint began to move its operations from Tower Hill, London to Llantrisant, South Wales in 1968 and has operated on a single site in Llantrisant since 1980. At Llantrisant it holds an extensive collection of coins dating from the 16th century onwards, housed in eighty cabinets made by Elizabeth II's cabinet maker, Hugh Swann. The site occupies 38 acres (15 ha) and employs 765 people.
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Salcombe
Coordinates: 50°14′13″N 3°46′55″W / 50.237°N 3.782°W / 50.237; -3.782
Salcombe is a town in the South Hams district of Devon, south west England. The town is close to the mouth of the Kingsbridge Estuary, built mostly on the steep west side of the estuary and lies within the South Devon Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). The town's extensive waterfront and the naturally sheltered harbour formed by the estuary gave rise to its success as a boat- and shipbuilding and sailing port and, in modern times, tourism especially in the form of pleasure sailing and yachting. There is also a crabbing industry.
There are a number of shipwrecks off Salcombe. One is of a Bronze Age ship, one of only three known in Britain, which had French made weapons and jewellery. The Salcombe Cannon Wreck is of a 17th century ship that contained 400 Moroccan gold coins and Dutch items. In 1936 a Finnish four-masted barque, Herzogin Cecilie stranded at Bolt Head. Also off Salcombe is HMS Untiring which is a Second World War submarine that was sunk in 1957 as a sonar target.
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Saltash
Coordinates: 50°24′29″N 4°12′43″W / 50.408°N 4.212°W / 50.408; -4.212
Saltash (Cornish: Essa) is a town and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It has a population of 14,964. It lies in the south east of Cornwall, facing Plymouth over the River Tamar. It was in the Caradon district until March 2009 and is known as "the gateway to Cornwall". Saltash means ash tree by the salt mill. Saltash is the largest town within the East Cornwall area and is one of the largest in Cornwall.
Saltash is the location of Isambard Kingdom Brunel's Royal Albert Bridge, opened by HRH Prince Albert on May 2, 1859. It takes the railway line across the River Tamar. Alongside it is the Tamar Bridge, a toll bridge carrying the A38 trunk road, which in 2001 became the first suspension bridge to be widened whilst remaining open to traffic.
Saltash railway station is close to the town centre. It was hoped that the empty buildings could be restored as a visitor centre for the bridge, but they have instead been purchased by a property developer. The station is served by a regular train service, with some direct High Speed services to and from London Paddington.
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Sidmouth
Coordinates: 50°40′48″N 3°14′20″W / 50.680°N 3.239°W / 50.680; -3.239
Sidmouth ( /ˈsɪdməθ/) is a town situated on the English Channel coast in Devon, South West England, 15 miles (24 km) southeast of Exeter. It has a population of about 15,000, of whom 40% are over 65. It is a tourist resort and a gateway to the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site. A large part of it has been designated a conservation area.
Sidmouth appeared in the Domesday Book as Sedemuda. Like many such settlements, it was originally a fishing village. Although attempts have been made to construct a harbour, none has succeeded. A lack of shelter in the bay prevented growth as a port.
Sidmouth remained a village until the fashion for coastal resorts grew in the Georgian and Victorian periods of the 18th and 19th centuries. The numerous fine Georgian and Regency villas and mansions are now mostly hotels.
In 1819, George III's son Edward, Duke of Kent, his wife, and baby daughter (the future Queen Victoria) came to stay at Woolbrook Glen for a few weeks. In less than a month he had died from an illness. The house later became the Royal Glen Hotel; a plaque on an exterior wall records the visit.
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South Hams
South Hams is a local government district on the south coast of Devon, England with its headquarters in the town of Totnes. It contains the towns of Dartmouth, Kingsbridge, Ivybridge, Salcombe — the largest of which is Ivybridge with a population of 16,056.
To the north it includes part of Dartmoor National Park, to the east borders Torbay, and to the west Plymouth. It contains some of the most unspoilt coastline on the south coast, including the promontories of Start Point, and Bolt Head. The entire coastline, along with the lower Avon and Dart valleys, form most of the South Devon Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
The South Hams, along with nearby Broadsands in Paignton, is the last British refuge of the Cirl Bunting.
The South Hams were originally part of the Brythonic (Celtic) Kingdom of Dumnonia later reduced to the modern boundary at the River Tamar as Cornwall presumably during the tenth century reign of Æthelstan. Post-Roman settlement on coastal promontory hillforts, such as Burgh Island, follows the established pattern of trading — of tin in particular — found across the western, so-called 'Celtic', Atlantic coastal regions. In the later Anglo-Saxon era the South Hams was a feudal estate consisting of all of the land between the River Plym and River Dart and south of Dartmoor with the English Channel forming the southern boundary. There is some evidence that Cornish was spoken and understood in the area until the late Middle Ages.
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South Molton
"Molton" redirects here. For the village, see North Molton. Also see Molten or Moulton.
Coordinates: 51°01′N 3°50′W / 51.02°N 3.83°W / 51.02; -3.83
South Molton is a small town in Devon, England. It is part of the North Devon local government district. The town is on the River Mole. According to the 2001 census the civil parish of South Molton had a population of 4,093.
The town was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Reform Act 1835. It retained this status as a municipal borough until 1967, when it became a rural borough in the South Molton Rural District.
On 14 March 1655, Sir John Penruddock was captured after a three-hour street fight in South Molton by soldiers of the New Model Army under the command of Captain Unton Crook. With his capture, the Penruddock uprising came to an end and so did the 1655 plans of the Sealed Knot to restore King Charles II to the throne of England.
It is a small, well built market town trading mostly in sheep and cattle. Situated on the southern side of Exmoor just off the North Devon link road.
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South West England
South West England is one of the regions of England defined by the Government of the United Kingdom for statistical and other purposes. It is the largest such region in area, covering 9,200 square miles (23,828 km2) and comprising Bristol, Gloucestershire, Somerset, Dorset, Wiltshire, Devon, Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly. Five million people live there. The region includes the area often known as the West Country, and much of Wessex. The size of the region is shown by the fact that the northern part of Gloucestershire, near Chipping Campden, is as close to the Scottish border as it is to the tip of Cornwall. The largest city is Bristol. Other major urban centres include Plymouth, Swindon, Gloucester, Exeter, Bath, and the South East Dorset conurbation of Bournemouth, Poole and Christchurch.
The region includes two National Parks and four World Heritage Sites, including Stonehenge.
Traditionally, the South West of England has been well known for producing Cheddar cheese, which originated in the Somerset village of Cheddar, for Devon cream teas, Cornish pasties, and for cider. It is also well known as the home of the Eden Project, Aardman Animations, the Glastonbury Festival, the Bristol International Balloon Fiesta, trip hop music and also Cornwall's surfing beaches.
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St Austell
Coordinates: 50°20′17″N 4°47′42″W / 50.338°N 4.795°W / 50.338; -4.795
St Austell ( /sɨnt ˈɔːstəl/; Cornish: Austol) is a civil parish and a major town in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated on the south coast approximately ten miles (16 km) south of Bodmin and 30 miles (48 km) west of the border with Devon at Saltash. The town is known locally as "Snozzle"
St Austell is the largest town in Cornwall: in the 2001 census, the population was 22,658 (larger than the county town, Truro, which had a population of 20,920). St Austell civil parish (see below) is entirely urban in character.
One of the earliest references to St Austell is in John Leland's Itinerary, where he says "At S. Austelles is nothing notable but the paroch chirch".
Not long after William Cookworthy discovered china clay in Tregonning, the same mineral was found in greater quantity in the hills north of St Austell town.Clay mining soon took over from tin and copper mining as the principal industry in the area, and this eventually contributed enormously to the growth of the town. The clay industry really only came into its own during the mid 19th to early 20th century, at a time when the falling prices of tin and other metals forced many mines to close down or convert to clay mining. The success and high profitability of the industry attracted many families whose breadwinner had been put out of work by the depression in the local metal mining industry, and increased the population of the town considerably. This meant that more shops and businesses took root, providing more jobs and improving trade. This, along with other factors, led to St Austell becoming one of the ten most important commercial centres of Cornwall.
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St Blazey
Coordinates: 50°21′40″N 4°42′58″W / 50.3611°N 4.7162°W / 50.3611; -4.7162
St Blazey (Cornish: Lanndreth) is a small town in Cornwall, United Kingdom.
St Blaise is the civil parish in which St Blazey is situated; the name St Blaise is also used by the town council. The hamlet of Biscovey and the settlements of St Blazey Gate, Bodelva and West Par lie within the parish boundaries.
Once an important engineering centre for the local mine and railway industries, the parish is now dominated by the Eden Project.
St Blazey is situated 3 miles (4.8 km) east of St Austell, 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Tywardreath and 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Par.
The town takes is name from Armenian Saint Blaise and holds a precession and service on his feasts day, February 3.
A Iron Age hillfort Prideaux Castle lies a mile to the north west of the town in the parish of Luxulyan.
The Biscovey Stone is the shaft ancient Celtic cross. It was inscribed but the text is no longer readable. There are several theories about the stone, one says it dates from around 600 AD to show the Saxon advance into the county, another puts the date at around 900 AD. The head is thought to have been removed during the reformation. The stone served as a gate post near the St Blazey turnpike gate. In 1896 it was moved to St Mary's Church, Biscovey.
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St Columb Major
Coordinates: 50°25′55″N 4°56′24″W / 50.432°N 4.940°W / 50.432; -4.940
St Columb Major (Cornish: Synt Colom Veur / Synt Colom gwartha) is a civil parish and town in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Often referred to locally as St Columb, it is situated approximately seven miles (11 km) southwest of Wadebridge and six miles (10 km) east of Newquay The designation Major distinguishes it from the smaller settlement and parish of St Columb Minor on the coast.
Twice a year the town plays host to "hurling", a medieval game once common throughout Cornwall but now only played in St Columb and St Ives. It is played on Shrove Tuesday and then again on the Saturday eleven days later. The game involves two teams of several hundred people (the 'townsmen' and the 'countrymen') who endeavour to carry a silver ball made of apple wood to goals set two miles (3 km) apart, making the parish the largest pitch for a ball game anywhere in the world.[citation needed]
Monuments that date from this period include: Castle an Dinas, an Iron Age hillfort.; the Nine Maidens stone row, the largest row of standing stones in Cornwall; the Devil's Quoit (sometimes recorded as King Arthur's Quoit); and King Arthur's Stone (this long lost stone is said to be not far from the Devil's Quoit near St. Columb, on the edge of the Goss moor). It was a large stone with four deeply-impressed horseshoe marks. Legend has it that the marks were made by the horse upon which Arthur rode when he resided at Castle An Dinas and hunted on the moors.
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St Mawes
Coordinates: 50°09′28″N 5°01′06″W / 50.15779°N 5.01835°W / 50.15779; -5.01835
St Mawes (Cornish: Lannvowsedh) is a small town opposite Falmouth, on the Roseland Peninsula on the south coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It lies on the east bank of the Carrick Roads, a large waterway created after the Ice Age from an ancient valley which flooded as the melt waters caused the sea level to rise dramatically, creating an immense natural harbour, often claimed to be the third largest in the world. The town is in the civil parish of St Just in Roseland.
St Mawes is the home of St Mawes Sailing Club. There is an excellent year-round ferry service to Falmouth, which is less than a mile away by boat, but due to its proximity to the Fal estuary it is some 30 miles away by road. The Place Ferry links the South West Coast Path and operates from Good Friday to the end of October. It was once a busy fishing port, but the trade declined during the 20th century.
The town of St Mawes is a popular tourist location, with many properties in the town being holiday accommodation or "second homes".[citation needed]
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Tamar Bridge
The Tamar Bridge is a major road bridge at Saltash in southwest England carrying traffic between Cornwall and Devon. When it opened in 1961 it was the longest suspension bridge in the United Kingdom. In 2001 it became the world's first suspension bridge to be widened (from three to five lanes) using cantilevers, and the world's first bridge to undergo strengthening and widening work while remaining open to traffic. The five lanes are divided as follows: three lanes carry the A38 trunk road, the fourth is reserved for eastbound local traffic and the fifth for pedestrians and cyclists. Previously all traffic merged and shared the three lanes.
Construction of the Tamar Bridge began in July 1959. Before this, the lowest road crossing of the River Tamar was Gunnislake New Bridge at the village of Gunnislake. This seven-arched granite bridge was built in the early 16th century (c. 1520). It is still in use today but it is only wide enough to carry one lane of traffic. Before the Tamar Bridge was opened, most car drivers wishing to travel between Saltash (on the Cornish side) and the Devon city of Plymouth used car ferries. Today the Tamar Bridge carries approximately 40,000 vehicles every day. It is co-owned by Plymouth City Council and Cornwall Council, and is managed by the Tamar Bridge and Torpoint Ferry Joint Committee. A toll of GBP1.50 per car is charged when driving from Cornwall into Devon, although the price is halved using the electronic payment system. Motorcycles do not have to pay.
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Tavistock Abbey
Tavistock Abbey, also known as the Abbey of Saint Mary and Saint Rumon, is a ruined Benedictine abbey in Tavistock, Devon. Nothing remains of the abbey except the refectory, two gateways and a porch. The abbey church, dedicated to Our Lady and St Rumon, was destroyed by Danish raiders in 997 and rebuilt under Lyfing, the second abbot. The church was further rebuilt in 1285 and the greater part of the abbey between 1457 and 1458.
The abbey was founded in 961 by Ordgar, Ealdorman of Devon, and completed by his son Ordulf in 981, in which year the charter of confirmation was granted by King Ethelred II. It was endowed with lands in Devon, Dorset and Cornwall, and became one of the richest abbeys in the west of England.
Lyfing and his successor Ealdred both became bishops of Worcester, and the latter is said to have crowned William the Conqueror. The thirty-sixth abbot, John Dynynton, was granted leave in 1458 to use the mitre and other pontificalia; and the thirty-ninth, Richard Banham or Baynham, was made a lord of Parliament by Henry VIII in 1513. Twenty-five years later the last abbot, John Peryn, with twenty monks, surrendered the abbey to the king, receiving a pension of a hundred pounds. The abbey revenues at the time of the Dissolution (1536–1541) were estimated at £902.
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Teignbridge
Coordinates: 50°34′55″N 3°37′41″W / 50.582°N 3.628°W / 50.582; -3.628
Teignbridge is a local government district in Devon, England. Its council is based in Newton Abbot.
Other towns in the district include Ashburton, Dawlish and Teignmouth. It is named for the old Teignbridge hundred.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, as a merger of the Ashburton, Buckfastleigh, Dawlish, Newton Abbot and Teignmouth urban districts along with Newton Abbot Rural District and part of St Thomas Rural District.
Teignbridge contains the following towns and villages:
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Teignmouth
Coordinates: 50°33′06″N 3°29′19″W / 50.551596°N 3.488661°W / 50.551596; -3.488661
Teignmouth ( /ˈtɪnməθ/ TIN-məth) is a town and civil parish in Teignbridge in the English county of Devon, situated on the north bank of the estuary mouth of the River Teign about 14 miles south of Exeter. It has a population of 14,413. In 1690, it was the last place in England to be invaded by a foreign power. The town grew from a fishing port associated with the Newfoundland cod industry to a fashionable resort of some note in Georgian times, with further expansion after the opening of the South Devon Railway in 1846. Today, its port still operates and the town remains a popular seaside holiday location.
The first record of Teignmouth, Tengemuða, meaning mouth of the stream, was in 1044. There were originally two villages, East and West Teignmouth, separated by a stream called the Tame, which emptied into the Teign through marshland by the current fish quay. Neither village is mentioned in the Domesday Book, but East Teignmouth was granted a market by charter in 1253 and one for West Teignmouth followed a few years later. The Tame now runs under the town in culverts and is only visible higher up the town as Brimley Brook, joined by smaller streams such as the Winterbourne (an intermittent stream, which flows only in winter or at long intervals).
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Three Towns
The Three Towns is a term used to refer to the neighbouring towns of Plymouth, Devonport and East Stonehouse in the county of Devon, England. They were formally merged in 1914 to become the Borough of Plymouth. In 1928, the Borough was granted City status by Royal Charter.
Coordinates: 50°22′17″N 4°08′33″W / 50.37139°N 4.1425°W / 50.37139; -4.1425
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Torbay
Torbay ( /tɔrˈbeɪ/) is an east-facing bay and natural harbour, at the westernmost end of Lyme Bay in the south-west of England, roughly equidistant from the cities of Exeter and Plymouth. Consisting of the towns of Torquay, Paignton and Brixham, and part of the ceremonial county of Devon, Torbay was made a unitary authority on 1 April 1998. Tourist authorities call it the "English Riviera" on account of its beaches and mild climate; it is a popular area with holiday makers.
That Torbay has been inhabited since paleolithic times is shown by human bones and tools found in Kents Cavern in Torquay. A maxilla fragment known as Kents Cavern 4 may be the oldest example of a modern human in Europe, dating back to 37,000–40,000 years ago.Roman soldiers are known to have visited Torquay during the period when Britain was a part of the Roman Empire, leaving offerings at a curious rock formation in Kent's Cavern, known as "The Face".
Both Brixham and Paignton appear in the Domesday Book of 1086 and Paignton was given the status of a borough having a market and fair in 1294. The first major building in Torquay was Torre Abbey, a Premonstratensian monastery founded in 1196.
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Torpoint
Coordinates: 50°22′34″N 4°12′18″W / 50.376°N 4.205°W / 50.376; -4.205
Torpoint (Cornish: Penntorr) is a civil parish and town on the Rame Peninsula in southeast Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated opposite the city of Plymouth across the Hamoaze which is the tidal estuary of the River Tamar.
Torpoint has a population of 8,457 (2001 census). In the Cornish language Torpoint is called Penntorr (local folk band Pentorr have taken their name from this).
Torpoint is linked to Plymouth (and Devonport) by the Torpoint Ferry. The three vessels that operate the service are chain ferries – that is, they are propelled across the river by pulling themselves on fixed chains which lie across the bed of the river. The journey takes about seven minutes.
It is said that Torpoint's name is derived from Tar Point, a name given because of the initial industry on the west bank of the Hamoaze. However this is actually a nickname given by workers, Torpoint meaning "rocky headland".
Torpoint is an eighteenth-century planned town. The grid-based design for the town was commissioned by Reginald Pole Carew in the Parish of Antony in 1774. His family continued to have a strong influence in the area, having become the Carew Poles, and still reside at their family seat, Antony House.
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Torquay
Coordinates: 50°28′45″N 3°31′50″W / 50.4792°N 3.5305°W / 50.4792; -3.5305
Torquay ( /tɔrˈkiː/) is a town in the unitary authority area of Torbay and ceremonial county of Devon, England. It lies 22 miles (35 km) south of Exeter along the A380 on the north of Torbay, 38 miles (61 km) north-east of Plymouth and adjoins the neighbouring town of Paignton on the west of the bay. Torquay’s population of 63,998 during the 2001 UK Census made it the third largest settlement in Devon. If the Torbay area, of which Torquay forms a third, were to be recognised as a city, it would rank as the 45th largest city in the United Kingdom with a population only slightly less than that of Brighton, which was granted city status in 2000. During the peak summer season the resort's population swells to around 200,000.
The town's economy was initially based upon fishing and agriculture as in the case of Brixham across Torbay, but in the early 19th century the town began to develop into a fashionable seaside resort, initially frequented by members of the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars while the Royal Navy anchored in the bay and later by the crème de la crème of Victorian society as the town's fame spread. Renowned for its healthful climate, the town earned the nickname of the English Riviera and favourable comparisons to Montpellier.
wn.com/Torquay -
Torridge
Coordinates: 50°53′35″N 4°15′54″W / 50.893°N 4.265°W / 50.893; -4.265
Torridge is a local government district in Devon, England. Its council is based in Bideford. Other towns and villages in the district include Holsworthy, Great Torrington, Hartland and Westward Ho!. The Island of Lundy is administratively part of the District. To the south of the district bordering Cornwall, near Welcombe, the rugged coastine has a wild untouched beauty, due to its accessibility, but the South West Coast Path is well defined.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, by the merger of the boroughs of Bideford and Great Torrington, the Northam urban district, Bideford Rural District, Holsworthy Rural District and Torrington Rural District. It is named after the River Torridge.
wn.com/Torridge -
Totnes
Coordinates: 50°25′56″N 3°41′02″W / 50.43216°N 3.68391°W / 50.43216; -3.68391
Totnes ( /ˈtɒtnɨs/ or /tɒtˈnɛs/) is a market town and civil parish at the head of the estuary of the River Dart in Devon, England within the South Devon Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. It is about 22 miles (35 km) south of the city of Exeter and is the administrative centre of the South Hams District Council.
Totnes has a long recorded history, dating back to AD 907 when its first castle was built; it was already an important market town by the 12th century. Indications of its former wealth and importance are given by the number of merchants' houses built in the 16th and 17th centuries.
Today, the town, with its population of 7,444, is a thriving centre for music, art, theatre and natural health. It has a sizeable alternative and "New Age" community, and is known as a place where one can live a bohemian lifestyle.
According to the Historia Regum Britanniae written by Geoffrey of Monmouth in around 1136, "the coast of Totnes" was where Brutus of Troy, the mythical founder of Britain, first came ashore on the island. Set into the pavement of Fore Street is the 'Brutus Stone', a small granite boulder onto which, according to local legend, Brutus first stepped from his ship. As he did so, he was supposed to have declaimed:
wn.com/Totnes -
Truro
Coordinates: 50°15′36″N 5°03′04″W / 50.260°N 5.051°W / 50.260; -5.051
Truro ( /ˈtrʊəroʊ/; Cornish: Truru) is a city and civil parish in Cornwall, England. The city is the centre for administration, leisure and retail in Cornwall, with a population recorded in the 2001 census of 17,431. Truro urban statistical area, which includes parts of surrounding parishes, has a 2001 census population of 20,920. It is the only city in the county, and the most southern city in Great Britain. People from Truro are known as Truronians.
Truro initially grew as an important centre of trade from its port and then as a stannary town for the mining industry. The city is well known for its cathedral (completed in 1910), cobbled streets, open spaces and Georgian architecture. Places of interest include the Royal Cornwall Museum, the Hall for Cornwall, Cornwall's Courts of Justice and Cornwall Council.
The origin of Truro's name is debated. It is said to be derived from the Cornish tri-veru meaning "three rivers", but references such as the Oxford Dictionary of English Place Names reject this theory. At best, the "tru" part could mean "three", though this is doubtful. An expert on Cornish place-names, Oliver Padel, in his book A popular dictionary of Cornish place-names wrote that the 'three rivers' meaning is "possible".
wn.com/Truro -
Wadebridge
Coordinates: 50°31′05″N 4°53′06″W / 50.518°N 4.885°W / 50.518; -4.885
Wadebridge (Cornish: Ponsrys) is a civil parish and town in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The town straddles the River Camel 5 miles (8.0 km) upstream from Padstow.
For many years Wadebridge was a traffic-congested town (through which the route of the A39 trunk road passed) but in 1993 the Wadebridge bypass was opened together with the Egloshayle bypass causing the two settlements to regain much of their former charm. The main shopping street in Wadebridge (Molesworth Street) has subsequently become pedestrianized through an inner link road, allowing traffic free shopping. The permanent population is 6222 (Census 2001). The main offices of the former North Cornwall District Council were at Trenant Road, Wadebridge.
The initial settlement of Wade (the name of Wadebridge before the bridge was built) came about due to a ford in the River Camel (Camel probably meaning "crooked one"). The early crossing had two chapels either side of the river "Kings" chapel on the north side and "St Michael's" on the south side. People would pray for a safe crossing at one of the chapels before wading across at low tide, once they had made it the other side they would give thanks to God in the other chapel. In 1312 a licence was granted for Wade to commence with a market. The Reverend Thomas Lovibond (the vicar of Egloshayle) started to become distressed at the number of humans and animals that had died during the crossing of the river Camel so he planned the building of a bridge which was completed in 1468. Wade was now known as Wadebridge.
wn.com/Wadebridge -
West Devon
West Devon is a local government district and borough in Devon, England. Towns in the district include Chagford, Okehampton, Princetown, and Tavistock, where the council is based.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, as a merger of the previous municipal borough of Okehampton, Okehampton Rural District, and Tavistock Rural District.
Coordinates: 50°38′N 4°06′W / 50.633°N 4.1°W / 50.633; -4.1
wn.com/West_Devon -
West Okement River
Coordinates: 50°47′38″N 4°01′19″W / 50.794°N 4.022°W / 50.794; -4.022 West Okement is a river in the Dartmoor moors in Devon in south-west England.
wn.com/West_Okement_River -
West Webburn River
Coordinates: 50°32′31″N 3°48′50″W / 50.542°N 3.814°W / 50.542; -3.814 The West Webburn is a stream in the Dartmoor moors in Devon in south-west England. It rises on the western side of the moors flowing off the east side of Hameldon ridge. Its source is extremely close to Grimspound Bronze Age settlement and it was probably the main source of water for the settlement. It flows south going through Ponsworthy and joins the East Webburn River. These combined streams then join the River Dart close to the village of Holne.
wn.com/West_Webburn_River
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Æthelstan
Æthelstan or Athelstan (Old English: Æþelstan, Æðelstān; c. 893/895 – 27 October 939) was the King of England from 924 or 925 to 939. He was the son of King Edward the Elder and his first wife, Ecgwynn. Æthelstan's success in securing the submission of Constantine II, King of Scots, at the Treaty of Eamont Bridge in 927 allowed him to claim the title of 'king of the English', and even "by wishful extension" 'king of Britain'. Victory over Scottish and Viking forces at the Battle of Brunanburh in 937 confirmed his prestige. His reign has been overlooked, overshadowed by the achievements of his grandfather, Alfred the Great, but he is now regarded as one of the greatest kings of the West Saxon dynasty. Æthelstan was the first king of a unified England from 927, and his reign was of fundamental importance to political developments in the 10th century.
The materials for a life of Æthelstan are very limited, and the first biography, by Sarah Foot, was only published in 2011. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in this period is principally devoted to military events, and as Æthelstan's achievements were mainly in the reconstruction of the church and government, it is largely silent during his reign apart from recounting his military triumphs. The main source for his life is the twelfth century chronicle of William of Malmesbury, but historians are cautious about accepting his testimony, much of which cannot be verified from other sources. David Dumville goes so far as to dismiss William's account entirely, regarding him as a "treacherous witness" whose account is unfortunately influential. However, Sarah Foot is inclined to accept Michael Wood's argument that William's chronicle draws on a lost life of Æthelstan, while cautioning that we have no means of discovering how far William 'improved' on the original.
wn.com/Æthelstan
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Tamar River Voyage in a Gaff Rigged Picarooner
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:51
- Updated: 04 Mar 2012
A trip up the Tamar River to the Brunel and Tamar Bridges. Passing the Torpoint ferry and Saltash. The boat is a Gaffers and Luggers Picarooner built in Cornwall by the late Martin Heard. Log here www.polperro.co.uk
http://wn.com/Tamar_River_Voyage_in_a_Gaff_Rigged_Picarooner
A trip up the Tamar River to the Brunel and Tamar Bridges. Passing the Torpoint ferry and Saltash. The boat is a Gaffers and Luggers Picarooner built in Cornwall by the late Martin Heard. Log here www.polperro.co.uk
Tamar river Kayaking with GoPro
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:33
- Updated: 09 Aug 2012
Kayaking on the river Tamar with my Uncle and Auntie, decided to film it!
http://wn.com/Tamar_river_Kayaking_with_GoPro
Kayaking on the river Tamar with my Uncle and Auntie, decided to film it!
- published: 10 Apr 2012
- views: 95
- author: Lois Squires
River Tamar - stuck in the mud
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:01
- Updated: 27 Dec 2009
River Tamar
http://wn.com/River_Tamar_stuck_in_the_mud
Crossing the river Tamar, Old style.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:05
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
Crossing the river Tamar, from Cornwall to Devon over the Royal Albert Bridge, many, many, moons ago.
http://wn.com/Crossing_the_river_Tamar,_Old_style
Crossing the river Tamar, from Cornwall to Devon over the Royal Albert Bridge, many, many, moons ago.
- published: 28 May 2007
- views: 4687
- author: phoben
Tamar Valley Line - Video Guide
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:13
- Updated: 06 Jul 2012
Travel from the naval port of Plymouth to the edge of Dartmoor
http://wn.com/Tamar_Valley_Line_Video_Guide
Travel from the naval port of Plymouth to the edge of Dartmoor
- published: 25 Jul 2011
- views: 1002
- author: SpectacularJourneys
Jo Goes Rowing on the River Tamar at Calstock in Cornwall
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:09
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
Jo Goes Rowing on the river Tamar at Calstock in Cornwall with the Calstock Rowing Club. Jo Barker is an author and film maker who lives in the South West of England. Find out more about Jo at www.jrbarker.info Visit our website at http The film was shot and edited by Ian Newton. Voice over by Jo Barker.
http://wn.com/Jo_Goes_Rowing_on_the_River_Tamar_at_Calstock_in_Cornwall
Jo Goes Rowing on the river Tamar at Calstock in Cornwall with the Calstock Rowing Club. Jo Barker is an author and film maker who lives in the South West of England. Find out more about Jo at www.jrbarker.info Visit our website at http The film was shot and edited by Ian Newton. Voice over by Jo Barker.
- published: 01 Feb 2012
- views: 269
- author: TheIanandJoShow
"LAZY RIVER": TAMAR KORN and FRIENDS in CONCERT at PORTO FRANCO ART CENTER (August 4, 2012)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:31
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Tamar, vocal inventions; Gordon Au, trumpet; Dennis Lichtman, clarinet, violin; Rob Adkins, string bass; Craig Ventresco, banjo, guitar. Recorded at the Porto Franco Art Center on Valencia Street on August 4, 2012, by Michael Steinman for JAZZ LIVES (www.jazzlives.wordpress.com)
http://wn.com/LAZY_RIVER_TAMAR_KORN_and_FRIENDS_in_CONCERT_at_PORTO_FRANCO_ART_CENTER_August_4,_2012
Tamar, vocal inventions; Gordon Au, trumpet; Dennis Lichtman, clarinet, violin; Rob Adkins, string bass; Craig Ventresco, banjo, guitar. Recorded at the Porto Franco Art Center on Valencia Street on August 4, 2012, by Michael Steinman for JAZZ LIVES (www.jazzlives.wordpress.com)
- published: 15 Aug 2012
- views: 353
- author: swingyoucats
Steam Paddle Boat on the River Tamar
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:58
- Updated: 01 Aug 2010
First steam paddle boat to go up the River Tamar in Cornwall for over 80 years. Brought down from the Isle of Wight for filiming at Morwellham Quay which is about ot reopen as a period visitor attraction
http://wn.com/Steam_Paddle_Boat_on_the_River_Tamar
First steam paddle boat to go up the River Tamar in Cornwall for over 80 years. Brought down from the Isle of Wight for filiming at Morwellham Quay which is about ot reopen as a period visitor attraction
- published: 25 May 2010
- views: 673
- author: citroentricycle
"UP A LAZY RIVER": TAMAR KORN and the EARREGULARS (Nov. 14, 2010)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:40
- Updated: 22 Oct 2012
Bringing the sweet pastoral to the urban night -- Tamar Korn came to The Ear Inn and sang with The EarRegulars (that night, Dan Block, Pete Martinez, Jon Burr, and Matt Martinez). Happiness reigns! Recorded by Michael Steinman for JAZZ LIVES (www.jazzlives.wordpress.com)
http://wn.com/UP_A_LAZY_RIVER_TAMAR_KORN_and_the_EARREGULARS_Nov_14,_2010
Bringing the sweet pastoral to the urban night -- Tamar Korn came to The Ear Inn and sang with The EarRegulars (that night, Dan Block, Pete Martinez, Jon Burr, and Matt Martinez). Happiness reigns! Recorded by Michael Steinman for JAZZ LIVES (www.jazzlives.wordpress.com)
- published: 18 Nov 2010
- views: 619
- author: swingyoucats
Shakedown trials on the Rivers, Tamar & Tavy dec 2010
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:57
- Updated: 15 Jan 2011
my second video shows Jon getting the new craft salty, long video mainly for jon to see how she flies.But also for me playing with the editing software. very cold trip but fun none the less. both craft had there moments but made it home. camera mounted on the front of my home built ASV Superwedge
http://wn.com/Shakedown_trials_on_the_Rivers,_Tamar_Tavy_dec_2010
my second video shows Jon getting the new craft salty, long video mainly for jon to see how she flies.But also for me playing with the editing software. very cold trip but fun none the less. both craft had there moments but made it home. camera mounted on the front of my home built ASV Superwedge
- published: 17 Dec 2010
- views: 203
- author: gorspenyans
The Cremyll Ferry and Lower River Tamar, The Hamoaze
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:35
- Updated: 18 Aug 2012
Just a little view from Cremyll one sunny afternoon in September 2010; embedded on www.themillbrooker.blgospot.com.
http://wn.com/The_Cremyll_Ferry_and_Lower_River_Tamar,_The_Hamoaze
Just a little view from Cremyll one sunny afternoon in September 2010; embedded on www.themillbrooker.blgospot.com.
- published: 26 Sep 2010
- views: 302
- author: themillbrooker
Nick Crossing the River Tamar
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:21
- Updated: 07 Mar 2012
Nick in his SJ413 crossing the river Tamar
http://wn.com/Nick_Crossing_the_River_Tamar
Kayaking River Tamar & River Dart (Loop) GOPRO Footage
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:14
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Kayaking_River_Tamar_River_Dart_Loop_GOPRO_Footage
Mitsubishi pajero wading in the river Tamar
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:41
- Updated: 27 Aug 2010
How shall i nearly die today episode 1 starring Markie G.......as per usual.....
http://wn.com/Mitsubishi_pajero_wading_in_the_river_Tamar
How shall i nearly die today episode 1 starring Markie G.......as per usual.....
- published: 05 Nov 2009
- views: 1016
- author: backwheelboy
Time lapse of the River Tamar
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:08
- Updated: 22 Jan 2012
A time lapse taken using a Nokia N95
http://wn.com/Time_lapse_of_the_River_Tamar
Crossing the River Tamar
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:46
- Updated: 10 Dec 2012
Crossing the river Tamar in sj's and a vitara.
http://wn.com/Crossing_the_River_Tamar
"UP A LAZY RIVER": TAMAR KORN and the GRAND STREET STOMPERS (March 30, 2011)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:27
- Updated: 01 Jul 2011
Wonderful swinging jazz at the Radegast Bierhall in Brooklyn, New York, with Gordon Au (trumpet, composer, arranger); Emily Asher (trombone); Dennis Lichtman (clarinet); Nick Russo (banjo / guitar), Peter Manessa (bass). Recorded by Michael Steinman for JAZZ LIVES (www.jazzlives.wordpress.com.)
http://wn.com/UP_A_LAZY_RIVER_TAMAR_KORN_and_the_GRAND_STREET_STOMPERS_March_30,_2011
Wonderful swinging jazz at the Radegast Bierhall in Brooklyn, New York, with Gordon Au (trumpet, composer, arranger); Emily Asher (trombone); Dennis Lichtman (clarinet); Nick Russo (banjo / guitar), Peter Manessa (bass). Recorded by Michael Steinman for JAZZ LIVES (www.jazzlives.wordpress.com.)
- published: 31 Mar 2011
- views: 159
- author: swingyoucats
Commuter paddles across the River Tamar
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:18
- Updated: 20 Oct 2010
A commuter took to his canoe to cross the Tamar to beat a two-day ferry strike
http://wn.com/Commuter_paddles_across_the_River_Tamar
A commuter took to his canoe to cross the Tamar to beat a two-day ferry strike
- published: 20 Oct 2010
- views: 107
- author: Thisisdevonvideos
Tamar Tale - Eeling
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:14
- Updated: 02 May 2012
A man who lives the river Tamar. Allan has spent most of his life living and working on the river
http://wn.com/Tamar_Tale_Eeling
A man who lives the river Tamar. Allan has spent most of his life living and working on the river
- published: 23 Jul 2009
- views: 2028
- author: WilfulFilms
River Tamar in October - peaceful but powerful
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:28
- Updated: 21 Oct 2012
This video was taken on 7th October 2012, after the river had flooded following a spell of heavy rain. The footpath from which I videoed this section was coated with slippery silt, where I had to watch my step extremely carefully to avoid losing my equipment, or worse still my footing, in the cold, turbulent water below. It is a stretch of the river to the south. The Tamar marks the border between Devon and Cornwall for most of its length and, when it is flowing fast like this, one can imagine how separate the two counties (some would say countries) would have seemed before modern bridges were built. Cornwall is almost an island. I was standing on this near-island of Cornwall looking eastwards, so the far bank and fields beyond are in Devon (England!).
http://wn.com/River_Tamar_in_October_peaceful_but_powerful
This video was taken on 7th October 2012, after the river had flooded following a spell of heavy rain. The footpath from which I videoed this section was coated with slippery silt, where I had to watch my step extremely carefully to avoid losing my equipment, or worse still my footing, in the cold, turbulent water below. It is a stretch of the river to the south. The Tamar marks the border between Devon and Cornwall for most of its length and, when it is flowing fast like this, one can imagine how separate the two counties (some would say countries) would have seemed before modern bridges were built. Cornwall is almost an island. I was standing on this near-island of Cornwall looking eastwards, so the far bank and fields beyond are in Devon (England!).
- published: 21 Oct 2012
- views: 21
- author: CornwallNaturevision
River Tamar in October - peaceful but powerful, version 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:09
- Updated: 02 Nov 2012
This version is slightly shorter but hopefully better. I have tried to improve the colour and a couple of transitions. This video was taken on 7th October 2012, after the river had flooded following a spell of heavy rain. The footpath from which I videoed this section was coated with slippery silt, where I had to watch my step extremely carefully to avoid losing my equipment, or worse still my footing, in the cold, turbulent water below. It is a stretch of the river to the south. The Tamar marks the border between Devon and Cornwall for most of its length and, when it is flowing fast like this, one can imagine how separate the two counties (some would say countries) would have seemed before modern bridges were built. Cornwall is almost an island. I was standing on this near-island of Cornwall looking eastwards, so the far bank and fields beyond are in Devon (England!).
http://wn.com/River_Tamar_in_October_peaceful_but_powerful,_version_2
This version is slightly shorter but hopefully better. I have tried to improve the colour and a couple of transitions. This video was taken on 7th October 2012, after the river had flooded following a spell of heavy rain. The footpath from which I videoed this section was coated with slippery silt, where I had to watch my step extremely carefully to avoid losing my equipment, or worse still my footing, in the cold, turbulent water below. It is a stretch of the river to the south. The Tamar marks the border between Devon and Cornwall for most of its length and, when it is flowing fast like this, one can imagine how separate the two counties (some would say countries) would have seemed before modern bridges were built. Cornwall is almost an island. I was standing on this near-island of Cornwall looking eastwards, so the far bank and fields beyond are in Devon (England!).
- published: 02 Nov 2012
- views: 10
- author: CornwallNaturevision
OUTD05 - River Tamar (05/11/2010)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:48
- Updated: 05 Nov 2010
Some quality moments featuring Ben falling in a few times
http://wn.com/OUTD05_River_Tamar_05_11_2010
Some quality moments featuring Ben falling in a few times
- published: 05 Nov 2010
- views: 48
- author: Aaron Philpott
Kayaking river Tamar
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:40
- Updated: 11 Dec 2012
Kayaking river Tamar
http://wn.com/Kayaking_river_Tamar
photo: US Navy / HMC Josh Ives
27 Dec 2012
Imperial adventures are nothing new in the Middle East ... The Belly for Belligerence? ... We’re All Hawks Now ... Is Obama executing the neoconservative’s original plan? After making a fuss about the foolishness of the Iraq war during his inaugural Presidential campaign? After depositing a small river of American blood into Afghan soil and a mountain of American treasure into the pockets of corrupt “government” functionaries? ... While George W ... ....(size: 9.3Kb)
photo: AP / Ben Curtis
28 Dec 2012
The president of Central African Republic (CAR) has urgently called on France and other foreign powers to help his government fend off rebels who are quickly seizing territory and approaching the capital. Speaking to crowds in Bangui, a city of some 600,000, Francois Bozize on Thursday pleaded with foreign powers to do what they could. He pointed in particular to France, Central African Republic's former colonial ruler ... 516 Share ... News ... ....(size: 19.5Kb)
photo: WN / Janice Sabnal
27 Dec 2012
Washington. Six people, including two young children, were left dead in weather-related accidents, as winter snowstorms complicated travel for many Americans in the Midwest and Northeast on Wednesday. Snow totals in parts of Indiana ranged from 6 to 12 inches, CNN reported. About 350 snowploughs were clearing roads throughout the city. New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo told residents they should avoid nonessential travel ... IANS ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)
photo: AP / K.M.Chaudary
27 Dec 2012
Large crowds of Pakistan People's Party (PPP) supporters are gathering to mark the fifth anniversary of the murder of ex-Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto. Ms Bhutto died in a gun and bomb attack during her 2007 election campaign. Hundreds of thousands of people have set up camp near the Bhutto family's ancestral home in Sindh province ... He cannot contest an election until his 25th birthday. Show of strength ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)
photo: AP / Maya Alleruzzo
27 Dec 2012
CAIRO — President Mohamed Morsi of Egypt took responsibility on Wednesday for “mistakes” during the run-up to ratification of the new Constitution and urged Egyptians to appreciate the fierce disagreements about it as a “healthy phenomenon” of their new democracy. Times Topic. Egypt News — Revolution and Aftermath. Related. Egypt Opposition Gears Up After Constitution Passes (December 24, 2012) ... Twitter List....(size: 11.8Kb)
noodls
26 Oct 2012
The River Tamar in Cornwall was busier than normal [yesterday?] with tugs, barges and other vessels simulating an oil spill from a fuel depot ... The diesel fuel oil was initially contained with inflatable booms as it was driven up river by wind and tide towards the River Lynher, but was prevented from spreading into the Lynher ... He said. ... "The second aim was to deploy effectively the containment and clean-up measures ... distributed by....(size: 3.5Kb)
The Guardian
02 Oct 2012
St Dominic, Tamar Valley ... The River Tamar from Cotehele Quay, Cornwall ... Nearby, the quarry, a source of stone for building Durnford Street in Plymouth, blends with woodland on the river cliff ... A century ago, when gardeners marketed a wide range of fruit, vegetables and flowers, two enterprising sisters sold bunches of the purple plumes of reed flowers as Tamar Spiraea....(size: 3.6Kb)
noodls
19 Sep 2012
The first turf will be cut next week marking the start of work to create a new centre at the heart of a network of trails around the stunning Tamar Valley ... A new trail for families will also be created to link the centre with the River Tamar and there will be interpretations aids to help people find out more about the area's history and wildlife....(size: 3.3Kb)
The Daily Telegraph
18 Aug 2012
Readers offer suggestions for great days out around Britain. Bantham Beach, Devon Photo. ALAMY. 8.00AM BST 18 Aug 2012. Comments. This week's winning review. Grasmere, The Lake District ... A fine day out indeed! ... My wife and I drive across the River Tamar on the suspension bridge, into Cornwall ... We caught the train from St David’s to Totnes, a delightful journey hugging the coast with wonderful views of the sea River Exe estuary ... ....(size: 24.0Kb)
BBC News
08 Aug 2012
'Sense of identity'. When it was announced in 2010, about 500 people took part in a joint protest at the Tamar Bridge. On both sides of the River Tamar - the river which separated the two counties - opponents claim both have separate cultural identities and economic priorities which should be recognised ... Mr Cameron said ... ....(size: 1.6Kb)
The Guardian
22 Jul 2012
Renault Twizy. Price £6,690. Top speed 50mph. Range 62 miles ... It is a car, but not as we know it ... Old Mods, maybe ... The adrenalin-packed weekend will feature a hill climb, endorsed by the Motor Sports Association, which will run from the banks of the River Tamar, while members of the public can apply for the opportunity to drive the hill in their own fine, performance or classic car and be a racing driver for the day....(size: 7.1Kb)
The Guardian
13 Jul 2012
Click on the magnifying glass icon to see a map showing the towns mentioned in this article Food and drink ... With views over the River Tamar and Dartmoor, Pentillie Castle in St Mellion, near Saltash, hosts outdoor theatre production throughout the summer, including the Importance of Being Earnest on 19 July, Macbeth on 2 August, The Sword in the Stone on 12 August plus vintage sports car event Pentillie Festival of Speed 25-26 August....(size: 11.4Kb)
The Guardian
08 Jul 2012
Camping in Wales, a visit to Edinburgh and three riverside hideaways Canvassing opinion. camping on the Heritage Coast. Photograph. Patrick Olner Take me there. camping in the Vale of Glamorgan ... Pitches from £10 per night. See perfectpitchcamping.co.uk.Travel clinic ... South Hooe Count House, Devon A cosy cottage with its own jetty on the banks of the River Tamar ... Penwaun, Pembrokeshire A 400-year-old lodge with fishing rights and river views....(size: 4.1Kb)
BBC News
06 Jul 2012
Specialist mining jobs in Cornwall are thriving once again thanks to a rise in metal prices. Mining technology firms are flourishing on the former mining site of Wheal Jane, near Chacewater. Mineral extraction at Wheal Jane, which had been worked for tin, copper, silver, zinc and arsenic since the 18th Century, ended in 1992 ... Across the River Tamar in Devon, meanwhile, an Australian company is planning to restart tungsten mining ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)
BBC News
17 Jun 2012
The Daily Mail
23 Apr 2012
A beaver has been found safe and sound, more than three years after it made a daring escape from a Devon farm. Experts are convinced the creature is one of three beavers who made a break for freedom from their home in Lifton in October 2008 ... Recaptured. Igor the beaver, pictured before his daring escape ... Two of the fugitives were rescued, while a search team, lead by owner Derek Gow, pursued Igor as he made his way down the river Tamar....(size: 6.4Kb)
The Daily Telegraph
23 Apr 2012
But for the first time in centuries the city has been forced to import the delicacy from abroad, because of a scarcity in its rivers ... River Tamar see return of the sea lamprey 04 Sep 2007 ... The most prestigious source of the blood sucking fish, which date back to prehistoric times, was the River Severn in Gloucester and locally sourced varieties became greatly sort after ... We have a duty to protect them, and safeguard rivers."....(size: 11.8Kb)
The Daily Telegraph
23 Apr 2012
At the time it ranked as one of the great escapes of the animal kingdom. In the dead of night three beavers managed to break out of a farm at Lifton, Devon, and begin a new life on the rampage ... PA. By Nigel Bunyan. 7.30AM BST 23 Apr 2012 ... But now, three-and-a-half years later, his life of freedom appears to have ended ... His pursuers initially followed a trail of tooth marks and fallen saplings on the banks of the River Tamar ... Mr Hyde added....(size: 11.0Kb)
For the river in Tasmania, see Tamar River (Tasmania)
| River Tamar (Dowr Tamer) | |
| River | |
 The River Tamar flowing past the City of Plymouth
|
|
| Country | England |
|---|---|
| Regions | Cornwall, Devon |
| Source | |
| - location | Woolley Moor, Morwenstow parish, Cornwall[1][2] |
| - coordinates | 50°55′25″N 4°27′46″W / 50.92361°N 4.46278°W / 50.92361; -4.46278 |
| Mouth | Hamoaze |
| - location | Plymouth Sound, English Channel |
| - coordinates | 50°21′30″N 4°10′0″W / 50.35833°N 4.166667°W / 50.35833; -4.166667 |
| Discharge | for Gunnislake |
| - average | 22.55 m3/s (796 cu ft/s) |
| - max | 714.6 m3/s (25,236 cu ft/s) 28 December 1979 |
| - min | 0.58 m3/s (20 cu ft/s) 23 August 1976 |
| Discharge elsewhere (average) | |
| - Crowford Bridge | 2.34 m3/s (83 cu ft/s) |
The Tamar ( /ˈteɪmɑr/; Cornish: Dowr Tamer) is a river in South West England, that forms most of the border between Devon (to the east) and Cornwall (to the west). It is one of several British rivers whose ancient name is assumed to be derived from a prehistoric river word apparently meaning "dark flowing" and which it shares with the River Thames.
The Tamar's source is less than 6 km (3.7 mi) from the north Cornish coast, but it flows southward. At its mouth, the Tamar flows into the Hamoaze before entering Plymouth Sound. Tributaries of the river include the rivers Inny, Ottery, Kensey and Lynher (or St Germans River) on the Cornish side, and the Deer and Tavy on the Devon side.
Contents |
Tamar Valley AONB[link]
The Tamar Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty covers around 195 km2 (75 sq mi) around the lower Tamar (below Launceston) and its tributaries the Tavy and the Lynher. It was first proposed in 1963, but was not designated until 1995.[4]
Economy[link]
Rocks around the edge of Dartmoor were mineralised by fluids driven by the heat of the earth's core, which gave rise to ores containing tin, copper, tungsten, lead and other minerals in the Valley.[5] The medieval estate of Cotehele, owned by the Edgcumbe family, was a significant producer of silver for the Royal Mint.[6] During the industrial revolution, there was significant mining activity near the river, between Gunnislake and Weir Quay. During this period, the Tamar was an important river for shipping copper from ports such as Morwellham Quay, Calstock and New Quay (Devon) to south Wales where it would be smelted. The valley forms district A10i of the Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape.
The river has long been famous for the quality of its salmon[7] whilst the valley was known nationally for the high quality, and early, soft fruit and market gardens sheltered by its steeply winding slopes.
Navigation[link]
The Tamar is navigable by sea-going ships of up to 400 register tons as far inland as Weir Quay, near Bere Alston, where the estuary narrows into the tidal river.[8] Vessels of 300 tons sailed as far inland as Morwellham,[9] 24 miles from the sea. A further 2-mile stretch to Weir Head, near Gunnislake, the tidal limit, was accessible to smaller passenger ships. In 1794 the Tamar Manure Navigation Company was formed to extend navigation inland for a further 30 miles, to North Tamerton in the river headwaters, but the project advanced no further than Gunnislake. Barges of up to 30 tons could then proceed as far as Gunnislake New Bridge, bypassing the weir through the new canal. The import of fertiliser and coal and the export of bricks along this short section proved profitable for many years.[10] The section from Launceston to Tamerton was completed in 1826 as part of a separate project, the Bude Canal.[11] A typical Tamar vessel was a sailing barge, built on the open river bank, of up to 60 tons, with a peaked, gaff-rigged mainsail and a fore staysail.[12]
The initial importance of navigation on the river was to cross this natural obstacle between the counties of Devon and Cornwall, and the old ferry crossings were later to develop into the busy river quays of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In mediaeval times the transport of goods to supply the Benedictine abbey at Tavistock, four miles by track from the river port of Morwellham, was significant.[13] Sea sand from the coast was imported to spread on farmland, until in the eighteenth century a dressing of lime was found to be more beneficial. Large quantities of limestone were then imported to burn in the numerous limekilns on the river quays; the lime had to be made locally as it was not slaked before application and was too reactive for transport by water after burning. Later, street sweepings and other refuse from Plymouth and Devonport, together with bones for the newly discovered bone fertiliser, were carried inland to manure the fields.
Tavistock was one of the three stannary towns of Devon and large quantities of refined tin were exported through Morwellham from twelfth century until 1838, when the requirement to pay duty on the metal at one of the specified towns was relaxed.[13] The opening of the Tavistock Canal, between Tavistock and Morwellham, in 1817 facilitated traffic. Later, the East Cornwall Mineral Railway provided an outlet through the quays of Calstock from the Cornish side of the valley.[14] Other significant cargoes exported were quarried granite and, later, copper, lead, manganese and tin ores, with their important by-product of arsenic. Arsenic was extracted from mispickel, once regarded as a waste product but later offering an important source of revenue as copper and tin extraction declined in profitability.[15][16] The refined product was exported worldwide, in particular to the southern United States, where it was used as an insecticide in the cotton fields.
In the thirteenth century lead and silver output from the royal mines on the Bere peninsula (between the Tamar and the Tavy) was significant, and production continued intermittently until the nineteenth century. The Johnson Matthey smelting works at Weir Quay extracted silver and lead not only from local ore, but from ore imported by sea from Europe and as far away as Newfoundland.[8]
The development of the "Three Towns" (Plymouth, Devonport and Stonehouse) at the mouth of the river offered an important market for the valley's agricultural produce, needed in particular to serve the victualling requirements of the royal dockyard, and this was always carried by boat. In 1820 or 1821 the first paddle steamer on the Tamar inaugurated a service between Calstock and Devonport to deliver foodstuffs.[17] In 1859 a rail connection from Plymouth to London was opened, and fresh produce could be landed at the Devonport steamer quays in the evening and be on sale in London by the next morning.[18] The growing city population created a large demand for sightseeing cruises on the river and this was a significant source of traffic from 1823, with the launch of the Cornish steam packet Sir Francis Drake, until the outbreak of the second world war.[17][19]
Mineral traffic on the river diminished towards the latter end of the nineteenth century, after the Plymouth, Devonport and South Western Junction Railway reached Tavistock in 1859 (so making the Tavistock Canal to Morwellham redundant for transport, although it remains in use as a source of hydropower) and as the copper and tin mines became exhausted.[20] The decline accelerated from 1894 when the East Cornwall Mineral Railway, until then linked to the outside world only through the port of Calstock, was extended to the Plymouth, Devonport and South Western Junction Railway at Bere Alston. Tourist and market traffic on the river, using purpose-built or converted steamers, remained substantial until the Devonport piers were closed and the ships requisitioned on the outbreak of war in 1939.[19] Pleasure craft still operate on the river from Devonport, but on a much reduced scale.[21]
Border[link]
The east bank of the Tamar was fixed as the border of Cornwall by King Athelstan in the year 936.[22] In a few places the border deviates from the river, leaving, for instance, the Devon village of Bridgerule on the 'Cornish' side. The modern administrative border between Devon and Cornwall more closely follows the Tamar than the historic county border. Several villages north of Launceston, to the west of the Tamar, were transferred to Devon somewhen in the eleventh century; the border was changed to follow the River Ottery westward, rather than the Tamar. Boundary changes of 1966 restored the border to the Tamar.[23][24] Part of the Rame Peninsula was in Devon until 1844, when the parish of Maker was transferred to Cornwall.[25]
Crossings[link]
The river has some 20 road crossings, including some medieval stone bridges, such as the crossing at Greystone Bridge near Lawhitton: this arched stone bridge was built in 1439. The lower Tamar is spanned by the Royal Albert Bridge (1859), the first crossing of the lower Tamar, and the Tamar Bridge, a toll bridge on the A38 trunk road. Both of these bridges are between Saltash (known as the Gateway to Cornwall) and Plymouth.
Folklore[link]
A traditional Cornish tale claims that the devil would never dare to cross the River Tamar into Cornwall for fear of ending up as a pasty filling.[26] Though unusual landscape features are often named after the devil (e.g. devil's frying pan) it used to be said that the devil never came to Cornwall: he once reached Torpoint and immediately noticed that various kinds of pie were customary; he feared that devilly pie might be the next kind so returned to Devon.[27]
See also[link]
- Tamar River (Tasmania), named after this Tamar
- Rivers of the United Kingdom
- Tamar Valley Line
- Saltash, "the gateway to Cornwall"
- Royal Albert Bridge between Plymouth, Devon and Saltash, Cornwall
- Morwellham Quay, historic river port in Devon
References[link]
- ^ Ordnance Survey. 126 Clovelly and Hartland (Map). 1:25,000. Explorer. Section SS 260 157. http://getamap.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/getamap/frames.htm?mapAction=gaz&gazName=g&gazString=SS2693116744.
- ^ Harding, William (16 December 1863). "Morwenstow Church". Transactions (Exeter, England: Exeter Diocesan Architectural and Archaeological Society): 218.
- ^ Kittridge, Alan (1984). Passenger Steamers of the River Tamar. Truro, Cornwall: Twelveheads. pp. 68; 88. ISBN 0-906294-10-X.
- ^ "Tamar Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty". http://www.tamarvalley.org.uk/aboutaonb.asp.
- ^ "Characteristics of the City of Plymouth (The geology)". Plymouth City Council. Archived from the original on 2008-06-09. http://web.archive.org/web/20080609115821/http://www.plymouth.gov.uk/characteristicsplymouth. Retrieved 2008-07-26.
- ^ Peter Claughton: The medieval silver mines at Bere Ferrers, Devon, Dept. of History, Exeter University
- ^ Noted by Daniel Defoe and Sir Richard Carew
- ^ a b Booker (1971: 62)
- ^ Otter, R. A. (1994). Civil engineering heritage: Southern England. London: Institution of Civil Engineers. pp. 32–33. ISBN 0-7277-1971-8.
- ^ Booker (1971: 126–128)
- ^ Otter (1994: 29)
- ^ Booker (1971: 259)
- ^ a b Booker (1971: 28–29)
- ^ Booker (1971: 178)
- ^ Booker (1971: 162)
- ^ Coyle, Geoff. Riches beneath our Feet. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-19-955129-3.
- ^ a b Booker (1971: 83–84)
- ^ Booker (1971: 233)
- ^ a b Kitteridge (1984: 13; 75)
- ^ Booker (1971: 30–31)
- ^ Kitteridge (1984: 86)
- ^ Stenton, F. M. (1947) Anglo-Saxon England. Oxford: Clarendon Press; p. 337
- ^ Ordnance Survey (1961). 174 Bude (Map). 1:63,360. Seventh.
- ^ Thorn, Caroline; Thorn, Frank (May 2007). "Devon introduction". Kingston-upon-Hull: University of Hull. https://edocs.hull.ac.uk/muradora/objectView.action?pid=hull:500. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
- ^ Davidson, Robin (1978). Cornwall. London: Batsford. p. 31. ISBN 0-7134-0588-0.
- ^ Martin, Edith. Cornish Recipes: Ancient and Modern. A. W. Jordan.
- ^ Croxford, Bob (1993) From Cornwall with Love. Mullion: Atmosphere; p. 8 (text quoted from Robert Hunt's Popular Romances of the West of England, 1865)
Further reading[link]
- Booker, Frank (1971). Industrial Archaeology of The Tamar Valley (2 ed.). Newton Abbot, England: David and Charles. ISBN 0-7153-5172-9.
- Carrington, N. T. (1820) The Banks of Tamar, a poem, with other pieces. Plymouth Dock: Printed for the Author (another ed.: London: John Murray, 1828)
External links[link]
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http://wn.com/River_Tamar
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Tamar (fleuve)
http://nl.wn.com/Tamar (Cornwall)
http://de.wn.com/Tamar (England)
http://it.wn.com/Tamar (Inghilterra)
http://ru.wn.com/Теймар (река, впадает в Северное море)
http://pl.wn.com/Tamar (Wielka Brytania)
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Wiki Summary
The Tamar ( /ˈteɪmɑr/; Cornish: Dowr Tamer) is a river in South West England, that forms most of the border between Devon (to the east) and Cornwall (to the west). It is one of several British rivers whose ancient name is assumed to be derived from a prehistoric river word apparently meaning "dark flowing" and which it shares with the River Thames.
The Tamar's source is less than 6 km (3.7 mi) from the north Cornish coast, but it flows southward. At its mouth, the Tamar flows into the Hamoaze before entering Plymouth Sound. Tributaries of the river include the rivers Inny, Ottery, Kensey and Lynher (or St Germans River) on the Cornish side, and the Deer and Tavy on the Devon side.
The Tamar Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty covers around 195 km2 (75 sq mi) around the lower Tamar (below Launceston) and its tributaries the Tavy and the Lynher. It was first proposed in 1963, but was not designated until 1995.
Rocks around the edge of Dartmoor were mineralised by fluids driven by the heat of the earth's core, which gave rise to ores containing tin, copper, tungsten, lead and other minerals in the Valley. The medieval estate of Cotehele, owned by the Edgcumbe family, was a significant producer of silver for the Royal Mint. During the industrial revolution, there was significant mining activity near the river, between Gunnislake and Weir Quay. During this period, the Tamar was an important river for shipping copper from ports such as Morwellham Quay, Calstock and New Quay (Devon) to south Wales where it would be smelted. The valley forms district A10i of the Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape.
