- published: 23 Jul 2007
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- Abnormal psychology
- Abraham Maslow
- Absent-mindedness
- Action potential
- Active recall
- Adlerian psychology
- Affective science
- Aging
- Albert Bandura
- Albert Ellis
- Alexander Luria
- Alfred Adler
- Alzheimer's disease
- Alzheimer's Disease
- Amnesia
- Amodal perception
- Amygdala
- Andriy Slyusarchuk
- Animal testing
- Anne Treisman
- Anomic aphasia
- Anterograde amnesia
- António Damásio
- Apolipoprotein E
- Applied psychology
- Archival research
- Arousal
- Art of memory
- Arthur L. Benton
- Arthur P. Shimamura
- ATC code N
- Attention
- Attention span
- Awareness
- Axoplasmic transport
- B. F. Skinner
- Basal ganglia
- BBC
- Behaviorism
- Bell Labs
- Ben Pridmore
- Bender-Gestalt Test
- Benedict Carey
- Benjamin Libet
- Brain damage
- Brain function
- Brenda Milner
- Carl Jung
- Carl Rogers
- Case study
- Cell (journal)
- Cerebellum
- Childhood amnesia
- Chronaxie
- Clark L. Hull
- Clinical psychology
- Cognition
- Cognitive dissonance
- Cognitive psychology
- Color vision
- Community psychology
- Confabulation
- Conscious
- Consciousness
- Consolidation
- Consumer behaviour
- Content analysis
- Cortisol
- Cosmos Rossellius
- Cram school
- Cryptomnesia
- Cultural memory
- Cultural psychology
- Daniel Schacter
- David Bohm
- David McClelland
- Decay theory
- Decision making
- Declarative learning
- Declarative memory
- Depth perception
- DNA methylation
- Dominic O'Brien
- Donald O. Hebb
- Echoic memory
- Edith Kaplan
- Edward Thorndike
- Eidetic memory
- Elizabeth Loftus
- Elkhonon Goldberg
- Emotion and memory
- Encoding (memory)
- Endel Tulving
- Engram
- Epinephrine
- Episodic memories
- Episodic memory
- Eric Kandel
- Erik Erikson
- Evoked potential
- Exceptional memory
- Executive functions
- Existential therapy
- Exosomatic memory
- Explicit memory
- Family therapy
- Fatigue (medical)
- Feminist therapy
- Flashbulb memory
- Forensic psychology
- Forgetting curve
- Form perception
- Free recall
- Frontal lobe
- Geoffrey Loftus
- George Sperling
- Georges Chapouthier
- Gestalt psychology
- Glasgow Coma Scale
- Gordon Allport
- Hans Eysenck
- Haptic perception
- Harmonic
- Harry Harlow
- Health psychology
- Healthy eating
- Hermann Ebbinghaus
- Hippocampus
- HM (patient)
- Human brain
- Human physiology
- Hyperthymesia
- Iconic memory
- Imagination
- Implicit
- Implicit memory
- Improving memory
- Intelligence
- Intention
- Interference theory
- Interview
- Involuntary memory
- Ivan Izquierdo
- Ivan Pavlov
- James McGaugh
- Jean Piaget
- Jerome Kagan
- Johari window
- John B. Watson
- John Bowlby
- Jonathan Hancock
- Judith Lewis Herman
- Karl H. Pribram
- KC (patient)
- Kenneth Heilman
- KIBRA
- Knowledge
- Korsakoff's syndrome
- Kurt Lewin
- Larry Squire
- Learning
- Legal psychology
- Leon Festinger
- Lobes of the brain
- Long-term depression
- Long-term memory
- Lynn Nadel
- Mammillary bodies
- Marcia K. Johnson
- Mark Rosenzweig
- Meaningful learning
- Media psychology
- Medial temporal lobe
- Membrane potential
- Memorization
- Memory
- Memory and aging
- Memory and trauma
- Memory consolidation
- Memory disorder
- Memory improvement
- Memory inhibition
- Memory loss
- Memory sport
- Mental image
- Mental process
- Metamemory
- Method of loci
- Military psychology
- Millisecond
- Mnemonic
- Motivated forgetting
- Motor coordination
- Motor learning
- Motor skill
- Muriel Lezak
- Muscle memory
- Myelinogenesis
- Narrative therapy
- Natural language
- Neal E. Miller
- Nerve regeneration
- Nervous system
- Neuroanatomy
- Neuroimaging
- Neurology
- Neurophysiology
- Neuroplasticity
- Neuropsychology
- Neuroregeneration
- Neurotransmission
- New Scientist
- New York Times
- Norman Geschwind
- Observation
- Ohio State
- Ole Ivar Lovaas
- Olin Levi Warner
- Oliver Sacks
- Optogenetics
- P300 (neuroscience)
- Parietal lobe
- Parkinson's disease
- Pasko Rakic
- Paul R. McHugh
- Perception
- Phenomenon
- Phineas Gage
- Phrenology
- Physical fitness
- Pitch (music)
- Planning
- Political psychology
- Politics of memory
- Portal Psychology
- Positive psychology
- Prefrontal cortex
- Priming (psychology)
- Problem solving
- Procedural memory
- Prospective memory
- Psychoanalysis
- Psychogenic amnesia
- Psycholinguistics
- Psychologist
- Psychology
- Psychometrics
- Psychophysics
- Psychophysiology
- PubMed Identifier
- Raymond Cattell
- Recall (memory)
- Recollection
- Reconsolidation
- Reflex
- Representation
- Repressed memory
- Retrieval
- Retrograde amnesia
- Retrospective memory
- Reuters
- RGB color model
- Richard C. Atkinson
- Richard Shiffrin
- Robert A. Bjork
- Robert Stickgold
- Rodolfo Llinás
- Roger Wolcott Sperry
- Rote learning
- School psychology
- Selective retention
- Semantic memory
- Semantic similarity
- Sensory memory
- Sensory system
- Set (psychology)
- Shass Pollak
- Short-term memory
- Sigmund Freud
- Sleep
- Sleep and Memory
- Social perception
- Social psychology
- Spacing effect
- Speech perception
- Sport psychology
- Stanley Schachter
- Statistical survey
- Stephen J. Ceci
- Steven Rose
- Storage (memory)
- Stress management
- Striatum
- Stroop effect
- Susan Clancy
- Susumu Tonegawa
- Synapse
- Synaptic plasticity
- Systems psychology
- Telephone number
- Template Analgesics
- Template Cerebellum
- Template Headache
- Template Medulla
- Template Memory
- Template Meninges
- Template Neurotrauma
- Template Pons
- Template Psychology
- Template Reflex
- Template Sleep
- Template Spinal cord
- Template talk Memory
- Thought
- Tip of the tongue
- Traffic psychology
- Transactive memory
- Unconscious mind
- Understanding
- University
- Visual alphabets
- Visual memory
- Visual perception
- Wakefulness
- Walter Mischel
- Weapon focus
- Wikibooks Psychology
- Wikiquote Psychology
- Wilhelm Wundt
- William James
- Wisconsin card sort
- Working memory
- Zeigarnik effect
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Arthur L. Benton
Arthur Lester Benton (October 16, 1909 – December 27, 2006) was a neuropsychologist and Emeritus Professor of Neurology and Psychology at the University of Iowa.
He received his A.B. from Oberlin College in 1931, his A.M. from Oberlin College in 1933 and his Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1935. He established a Neuropsychology Laboratory in the Neurology Department at the University of Iowa School of Medicine in the 1940s; the lab remains and now bears his name. While teaching at Iowa, Benton supervised the doctoral thesis of a young Albert Bandura. He was the author of numerous books and the creator of a number of neuropsychological testing instruments, including the Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT). His son, Raymond S. Benton married Mary Kay Loftus in 1968 in Iowa. Arthur died in Glenview, Illinois from complications of emphysema.
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Bell Labs
Bell Laboratories (also known as Bell Labs and formerly known as AT&T Bell Laboratories and Bell Telephone Laboratories) is the research and development subsidiary of the French-owned Alcatel-Lucent and previously of the American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T), half-owned through its Western Electric manufacturing subsidiary.
Bell Laboratories operates its headquarters at Murray Hill, New Jersey, United States, and has research and development facilities throughout the world.
The Alexander Graham Bell Laboratory, also variously known as the Volta Bureau, the Bell Carriage House, the Bell Laboratory and the Volta Laboratory, was created in Washington, D.C. by Alexander Graham Bell.
In 1880, the French government awarded Bell the Volta Prize of 50,000 francs (approximately US$10,000 at that time, about $250,000 in current dollars) for the invention of the telephone, which he used to found the Volta Laboratory, along with Sumner Tainter and Bell's cousin Chichester Bell. His research laboratory focused on the analysis, recording and transmission of sound. Bell used his considerable profits from the laboratory for further research and education to permit the "[increased] diffusion of knowledge relating to the deaf".
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Aaron T. Beck
Aaron Temkin Beck (born July 18, 1921) is an American psychiatrist and a professor emeritus in the department of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania. He is widely regarded as the father of cognitive therapy, and his pioneering theories are widely used in the treatment of clinical depression. Beck also developed self-report measures of depression and anxiety including Beck Depression Inventory (BDI),Beck Hopelessness Scale, Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Youth Inventories. He is the President Emeritus of the Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy and the Honorary President of the Academy of Cognitive Therapy, which certifies qualified cognitive therapists.
Beck's work at the University of Pennsylvania inspired Dr. Martin Seligman to refine his own cognitive techniques and exercises and later work on learned helplessness.
Aaron Beck was born in Providence, Rhode Island, USA, the youngest child of four siblings. Beck's daughter, Judith S. Beck, is also a researcher in the field of cognitive therapy and President of the Beck Institute. He is married with four children, Roy, Judy, Dan, and Alice. He has eight grandchildren.
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Abraham Maslow
Abraham Harold Maslow (April 1, 1908 – June 8, 1970) was an American professor of psychology at Brandeis University, Brooklyn College, New School for Social Research and Columbia University who created Maslow's hierarchy of needs. He stressed the importance of focusing on the positive qualities in people, as opposed to treating them as a 'bag of symptoms.'
Born and raised in Brooklyn, New York, Maslow was the oldest of eight children and was classed as "mentally unstable" by a psychologist. His parents were first generation Jewish immigrants from Russia who were not intellectually oriented but valued education. Maslow's parents immigrated to the U.S. in the beginning of the 1900s in order to flee from Czarist persecution, similar to many European coreligionists and to have a more prosperous life financially.
It was a tough time for Maslow, as he experienced Anti-semitism from his teachers and from other children around the neighborhood. He had various encounters with anti-semitic gangs who would chase and throw rocks at him. Maslow and other optimistic youngsters at the time with his background were in the struggle to overcome such acts of racism and ethnic prejudice in the attempt to establish an idealistic world based on widespread education and monetary justice. The tension outside of his home was also felt within it, he rarely got along with his mother, and eventually developed a strong revulsion to her. He is quoted as saying: {{quote|What I had reacted to was not only her physical appearance, but also her values and world view, her stinginess, her total selfishness, her lack of love for anyone else in the world – even her own husband and children – her narcissism, her Negro prejudice, her exploitation of everyone, her assumption that anyone was wrong who disagreed with her, her lack of friends, her sloppiness and dirtiness...
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Adlerian psychology
Classical Adlerian psychology refers to the system of psychology set up and developed by Alfred Adler under the title of Individual psychology after his break with Sigmund Freud.
It also refers to a contemporary Adlerian movement claiming (in quasi-polemical fashion) to preserve the genuine values of Adler's work in the present age.
The contemporary movement describes itself as a values-based, fully integrated theory of personality, model of psychopathology, philosophy of living, strategy for preventative education, and technique of psychotherapy, involving both depth psychology and an appreciation of practical, democratic principles in daily life. Its mission is to encourage the development of psychologically healthy and cooperative individuals, couples, and families in order to effectively pursue the ideals of social equality and democratic living. A vigorously optimistic and inspiring approach to psychotherapy, it balances the equally important needs for optimal development of the individual as well as social responsibility.
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Albert Bandura
Albert Bandura (born December 4, 1925, in Mundare, Alberta, Canada) is a psychologist, the David Starr Jordan Professor Emeritus of Social Science in Psychology at Stanford University. Over almost six decades, he has been responsible for contributions to many fields of psychology, including social cognitive theory, therapy and personality psychology, and was also influential in the transition between behaviorism and cognitive psychology. He is known as the originator of social learning theory and the theory of self-efficacy, and is also responsible for the influential 1961 Bobo doll experiment.
A 2002 survey ranked Bandura as the fourth most-frequently cited psychologist of all time, behind B. F. Skinner, Sigmund Freud, and Jean Piaget, and as the most cited living one. Bandura is widely described as the greatest living psychologist, and as one of the most influential psychologists of all time.
In 2008 Bandura won the Grawemeyer Award in psychology.
Bandura was born in Mundare, in Alberta, a small town of roughly four hundred inhabitants, as the youngest child, and only son, in a family of eight. The limitations of education in a remote town such as this caused Bandura to become independent and self-motivated in terms of learning, and these primarily developed traits proved very helpful in his lengthy career. Bandura is of Ukrainian and Polish descent.
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Alexander Luria
Alexander Romanovich Luria (Russian: Алекса́ндр Рома́нович Лу́рия; 16 July 1902 – 14 August 1977) was a famous Soviet neuropsychologist and developmental psychologist. He was one of the founders of cultural-historical psychology and the leaders of the Vygotsky Circle.
Luria was born in Kazan, a regional center east of Moscow, to Jewish parents. He studied at Kazan State University (graduated in 1921), Kharkiv Medical Institute and 1st Moscow Medical Institute (graduated in 1937). He was appointed Professor (1944), Doctor of Pedagogical (1937) and Medical Sciences (1943). Throughout his career Luria worked in a wide range of scientific fields at such institutions as the Academy of Communist Education (1920-1930s), Experimental Defectological Institute (1920-1930s, 1950-1960s, both in Moscow), Ukrainian Psychoneurological Academy (Kharkiv, early 1930s), All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine, Burdenko Institute of Neurosurgery (late 1930s), and other institutions. In the late 1930s, Luria went to medical school. Following the war, Luria continued his work in Moscow's Institute of Psychology. For a period of time, he was removed from the Institute of Psychology, mainly as a result of a flare-up of anti-Semitism and shifted to research on mentally retarded children at the Defectological Institute in the 1950s. Additionally, from 1945 on Luria worked at the Moscow State University and was instrumental in the foundation of the Faculty of Psychology at the Moscow State University, where he later headed the Departments of Patho- and Neuropsychology.
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Alfred Adler
Alfred Adler (February 7, 1870 – May 28, 1937) was an Austrian medical doctor, psychotherapist, and founder of the school of individual psychology. The argument by Adler about feelings of inferiority plays a key role in personality development. In collaboration with Sigmund Freud and a small group of Freud's colleagues, Adler was among the co-founders of the psychoanalytic movement as a core member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society. Adler called it individual psychology because he believed a human to be an indivisible whole, an individuum. He also imagined a person to be connected or associated with the surrounding world. He was the first major figure to break away from psychoanalysis to form an independent school of psychotherapy and personality theory. This was after Freud declared Adler's ideas as too contrary, leading to an ultimatum to all members of the Society (which Freud had shepherded) to drop Adler or be expelled, disavowing the right to dissent (Makari, 2008). Following this split, Adler would come to have an enormous, independent effect on the disciplines of counseling and psychotherapy as they developed over the course of the 20th century (Ellenberger, 1970). He influenced notable figures in subsequent schools of psychotherapy such as Rollo May, Viktor Frankl, Abraham Maslow and Albert Ellis. His writings preceded, and were at times surprisingly consistent with, later neo-Freudian insights such as those evidenced in the works of Otto Rank, Karen Horney, Harry Stack Sullivan and Erich Fromm.
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Anne Treisman
Anne Marie Treisman FRS (born February 27, 1935 in Wakefield, Yorkshire) is a psychologist currently at Princeton University's Department of Psychology. She researches visual attention, object perception, and memory. One of her most influential ideas is the feature integration theory of attention, first published with G. Gelade in 1980. Treisman is married to Nobel Laureate psychologist Daniel Kahneman.
Her major contribution is Feature integration theory; according to this theory, different kinds of attention are responsible for binding different features into consciously experienced wholes. The theory of feature integration is very dominant in the field of visual attention to this day. This idea has been disputed. Researchers (Krisjánsson, Nakamura) have shown that the effect of priming can count for the process which Treisman refers to as top down guidance. This was clear when participants were only asked to spot the different object. They couldn't have any top down guidance because they did not know what to look for. And even if they didn't know what to look for they had similar results as did participants in the Treisman study.
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Arthur L. Benton
Arthur Lester Benton (October 16, 1909 – December 27, 2006) was a neuropsychologist and Emeritus Professor of Neurology and Psychology at the University of Iowa.
He received his A.B. from Oberlin College in 1931, his A.M. from Oberlin College in 1933 and his Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1935. He established a Neuropsychology Laboratory in the Neurology Department at the University of Iowa School of Medicine in the 1940s; the lab remains and now bears his name. While teaching at Iowa, Benton supervised the doctoral thesis of a young Albert Bandura. He was the author of numerous books and the creator of a number of neuropsychological testing instruments, including the Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT). His son, Raymond S. Benton married Mary Kay Loftus in 1968 in Iowa. Arthur died in Glenview, Illinois from complications of emphysema.
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Arthur P. Shimamura
Arthur P. Shimamura (born June 26, 1954 in Los Angeles, CA) is Professor of Psychology and faculty member of the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute at the University of California, Berkeley. His research focuses on the neural basis of human memory and cognition. He received his B.A. in Experimental Psychology from the University of California, Santa Barbara in 1977 and Ph.D. in Cognitive Psychology from the University of Washington in 1982. He was a post-doctoral fellow in the laboratory of Dr. Larry Squire, where he studied amnesic patients. In 1989, Shimamura began his professorship at UC Berkeley. He has published over 100 scientific articles and chapters, was a founding member of the Cognitive Neuroscience Society, and has been Science Advisor for the San Francisco Exploratorium science museum. In 2008, he received a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation fellowship to explore links between art, mind, and brain.
Shimamura (2000) proposed dynamic filtering theory to describe the role of the prefrontal cortex in metacognitive or executive control processes. The prefrontal cortex acts as a high-level gating or filtering mechanism that enhances goal-directed activations and inhibits irrelevant activations. This filtering mechanism enables executive control at various levels of processing, including selecting, maintaining, updating, and rerouting activations. It has also been used to explain emotional regulation.
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B. F. Skinner
Burrhus Frederic "B. F." Skinner (March 20, 1904 – August 18, 1990) was an American behaviorist, author, inventor, social philosopher and poet. He was the Edgar Pierce Professor of Psychology at Harvard University from 1958 until his retirement in 1974.
Skinner invented the operant conditioning chamber, innovated his own philosophy of science called radical behaviorism, and founded his own school of experimental research psychology—the experimental analysis of behavior. His analysis of human behavior culminated in his work Verbal Behavior, which has recently seen enormous increase[citation needed] in interest experimentally and in applied settings.
Skinner discovered and advanced the rate of response as a dependent variable in psychological research. He invented the cumulative recorder to measure rate of responding as part of his highly influential work on schedules of reinforcement. In a June 2002 survey, Skinner was listed as the most influential psychologist of the 20th century. He was a prolific author who published 21 books and 180 articles.
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Ben Pridmore
Ben Pridmore is a champion memory sport competitor and accountant.
Pridmore is the 2009 World Memory Champion, a title he also won in 2004 and 2008. From Derby in the United Kingdom, Pridmore achieved this by winning a 10-discipline competition, the World Memory Championship, which has taken place every year since 1991.
He held the official world record for memorizing the order of a randomly shuffled 52-card deck, and has memorised a pack in a time of 24.68 seconds on television. This record was beaten in 2010 by German memory athlete and lawyer Simon Reinhard. He is ranked number four in the world ranking list for Memory Sports. Pridmore's victory at the 2009 World Championship was his eighth consecutive memory competition win since coming second at the 2007 World Championship.
Besides memory sports he is famous for his mental calculation skills and took part in the Mental Calculation World Cup in 2004, 2006 and 2010. He has also won several medals at the Mind Sports Olympiad including becoming the 2001 World Champion at the ten disciplined mind sport competition the decamentathlon.
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Benedict Carey
Benedict Carey (born 1960) is an American journalist and reporter on medical and science topics for The New York Times.
He was born in 1960 and graduated from the University of Colorado with a degree in mathematics in 1983. In 1985 he enrolled in a one-year journalism program at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois and in 1987 joined the staff of San Francisco-based medical science magazine Hippocrates.
From 1997 he worked as a freelance journalist in Los Angeles, before securing a position as the health and fitness writer for The Los Angeles Times. A 2002 article on the health effects of drinking eight glasses of water a day won a University of Missouri Lifestyle Award.
Since 2004 Carey has worked as a science and medical writer for The New York Times.
He is the author of a science adventure for middle-schoolers called "The Unknowns." [1]
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Carl Jung
Carl Gustav Jung (/ˈjʊŋ/ YUUNG; German: [ˈkarl ˈɡʊstaf ˈjʊŋ]; 26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist, the founder of analytical psychology. Jung is considered the first modern psychiatrist to view the human psyche as "by nature religious" and make it the focus of exploration. Jung is one of the best known researchers in the field of dream analysis and symbolization. While he was a fully involved and practicing clinician, much of his life's work was spent exploring tangential areas, including Eastern and Western philosophy, alchemy, astrology, and sociology, as well as literature and the arts.
Jung considered individuation, a psychological process of integrating the opposites including the conscious with the unconscious while still maintaining their relative autonomy, necessary for a person to become whole. Individuation is the central concept of analytical psychology.
Many psychological concepts were first proposed by Jung, including the archetype, the collective unconscious, the complex, and synchronicity. Popular psychometric instruments like the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), have been principally developed from Jung's theories.
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Carl Rogers
Carl Ransom Rogers (January 8, 1902 – February 4, 1987) was an influential American psychologist and among the founders of the humanistic approach to psychology. Rogers is widely considered to be one of the founding fathers of psychotherapy research and was honored for his pioneering research with the Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions by the American Psychological Association in 1956.
The person-centered approach, his own unique approach to understanding personality and human relationships, found wide application in various domains such as psychotherapy and counseling (client-centered therapy), education (student-centered learning), organizations, and other group settings. For his professional work he was bestowed the Award for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Psychology by the APA in 1972. Towards the end of his life Carl Rogers was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize for his work with national intergroup conflict in South Africa and Northern Ireland. In a study by Haggbloom et al. (2002) using six criteria such as citations and recognition, Rogers was found to be the sixth most eminent psychologist of the 20th century and second, among clinicians, only to Sigmund Freud.
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Cosmos Rossellius
Cosmos Rossellius (died 1578) was a Florentine Dominican friar who wrote a book about memory.
Theasurus artificosae memoria was published in Venice in 1579. He gives a Dante-esque description of hell as a memory space system arranged around a well at the top of a flight of steps consisting of the punishments for heretics, Jews, idolators and hypocrites. In contrast heaven is depicted as the throne of Christ, surrounded by a celestial hierarchy of Apostles, Patriarchs, Prophets, Martyrs, Confessors, virgins, Holy Hebrews and an enormous array of saints. He also advocates the use of the constellations as loci. He also discusses the visual alphabet describing it as a digital alphabet, or a manual manual of signs for the fingers. The five woodcuts contain the earliest known representation of a digital sign language.
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Daniel Schacter
Daniel Lawrence Schacter (born June 17, 1952 in New York) is an American psychologist. He is a Professor of Psychology at Harvard University. His research has focused on psychological and biological aspects of human memory and amnesia, with a particular emphasis on the distinction between conscious and nonconscious forms of memory and, more recently, on brain mechanisms of memory distortion.
He received his B.A. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1974, M.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Toronto in 1977 and 1981 respectively. His Ph.D. thesis was supervised by Endel Tulving. In 1978, he was a visiting researcher at the University of Oxford's Department of Experimental Psychology. He has also studied the effects of aging on memory. His research uses both cognitive testing and brain imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Schacter has written three books, edited seven volumes, and published over 200 scientific articles and chapters. His books include: Searching for Memory: The Brain, the Mind, and the Past (1996); Forgotten ideas, neglected pioneers: Richard Semon and the story of memory. (2001); The Seven Sins of Memory: How the Mind Forgets and Remembers (2001).
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David Bohm
David Joseph Bohm FRS (20 December 1917 – 27 October 1992) was an American quantum physicist who contributed to theoretical physics, philosophy of mind, and neuropsychology. Due to suspicions of Communism during the McCarthy era, he left the US, eventually becoming a British citizen. Bohm is widely considered to be one of the most significant theoretical physicists of the 20th century.
Bohm was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, United States, to a Hungarian Jewish immigrant father and a Lithuanian Jewish mother. He was raised mainly by his father, a furniture store owner and assistant of the local rabbi. Despite being raised in a Jewish family, he later on became an agnostic in his teenage years. Bohm attended Pennsylvania State College (now The Pennsylvania State University), graduating in 1939, then attended the California Institute of Technology for a year, and then transferred to the theoretical physics group directed by Robert Oppenheimer at the University of California, Berkeley, where he eventually obtained his doctorate degree.
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David McClelland
David C. McClelland (May 20 1917 – March 27 1998) was an American psychological theorist. Noted for his work on need theory, he published a number of works from the 1950s until the 1990s and developed new scoring systems for the Thematic Apperception Test and its descendants. McClelland is credited with developing the Achievement Motivation Theory commonly referred to as need achievement or n-achievement theory.
David Clarence McClelland, born in Mt. Vernon in New York State, was awarded a bachelor of arts from Wesleyan University in 1938, and an MA from the University of Missouri the following year. He received his PhD from Yale University, and taught at Connecticut College and Wesleyan University before joining the faculty at Harvard University in 1956, where he worked for 30 years, serving as chairman of the Department of Social Relations. He moved to Boston University in 1987. Here, he was awarded the American Psychological Association Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions.
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Dominic O'Brien
Dominic O'Brien (August 10, 1957) is a British mnemonist and an author of memory related books. He is the eight time world memory champion and works as a trainer for Peak Performance Training.
He began developing his mnemonic techniques in 1987 when he saw Creighton Carvello memorize a pack of 52 playing cards in less than three minutes on the BBC television programme Record Breakers. In order to memorize numbers, O'Brien developed the Mnemonic Dominic System, which is similar to the Major System. He has written books about memorization techniques such as ‘How to Develop a Perfect Memory’, ‘Quantum Memory Power’, ‘Learn to Remember’, ‘How to Pass Exams’, ‘The Winning Hand’, and ‘The Amazing Memory Box’.
He gives lectures, and has been seen on television programmes such as The Human Body.
Dominic O'Brien had an entry in the Guinness Book of Records for his May 1, 2002 feat of committing to memory a random sequence of 2808 playing cards (54 packs) after looking at each card only once. He was able to correctly recite their order, making only eight errors, four of which he immediately corrected when told he was wrong.
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Donald O. Hebb
Donald Olding Hebb FRS (July 22, 1904 – August 20, 1985) was a Canadian psychologist who was influential in the area of neuropsychology, where he sought to understand how the function of neurons contributed to psychological processes such as learning. He has been described as the father of neuropsychology and neural networks.
Donald Hebb was born in Chester, Nova Scotia, the oldest of four children of Arthur M. and M. Clara (Olding) Hebb, and lived there until the age of 16, when his parents moved to Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.
Donald's parents were both medical doctors. Donald's mother was heavily influenced by the ideas of Maria Montessori, and she home schooled him until the age of 8. He performed so well in elementary school that he was promoted to the 7th grade at 10 years of age. Although his rebellious attitude and disrespect for authority may have contributed to his failing the 11th grade, he graduated from the 12th grade two years later. (At that time in Chester, the 9th, 10th and 11th grades were taught in the same classroom by the same teacher. The year Donald failed the 11th grade, most (almost all?) of the students in the three grades failed the provincial exams and hence their year. Those failing the 9th and 10th years were moved to the next grade despite their failures. There was no 12th grade in Chester for Donald to be moved to and so he repeated the 11th grade. The following year, then living in Dartmouth, he successfully completed the 12th grade at Halifax County Academy in Halifax.)
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Edith Kaplan
Edith F. Kaplan (February 16, 1924 - September 3, 2009) was an American psychologist. She was a pioneer of neuropsychological tests and did most of her work at the Boston VA Hospital. Kaplan is known for her promotion of clinical neuropsychology as a specialty area in psychology. She examined brain-behavioral relationships in aphasia, apraxia, developmental issues in clinical neuropsychology, as well as normal and abnormal aging. Kaplan helped develop a new method of assessing brain function with neuropsychological assessment, called the "Boston Process Approach."
As a graduate student Kaplan worked with Heinz Werner, and then collaborated further with Norman Geschwind and Harold Goodglass.
Kaplan was born in Brooklyn, New York to Louis Kaplan and Fanny Kaplan. She earned her bachelor's degree at Brooklyn College, then did her graduate work at Clark University in Worcester, with a dissertation focusing on the development of word meanings and apraxia in children.
Kaplan was a Professor in the departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, and in the Behavioral Neuroscience Ph.D. Program at Boston University School of Medicine at the time of her death. Kaplan was also Professor of Psychology at Suffolk University and Affiliate Professor of Psychology at Clark University. She was also a member of the Psychology Department at the Baycrest Hospital in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Edward Thorndike
Edward Lee "Ted" Thorndike (August 31, 1874 – August 9, 1949) was an American psychologist who spent nearly his entire career at Teachers College, Columbia University. His work on animal behavior and the learning process led to the theory of connectionism and helped lay the scientific foundation for modern educational psychology. He also worked on solving industrial problems, such as employee exams and testing. He was a member of the board of the Psychological Corporation, and served as president of the American Psychological Association in 1912.
Thorndike, born in Williamsburg, Massachusetts, was the son of a Methodist minister in Lowell, Massachusetts.
On August 29, 1900, he wed Elizabeth Moulton and they had five children.
Thorndike graduated from The Roxbury Latin School (1891), in West Roxbury, Massachusetts, Wesleyan University (B.S. 1895), Harvard University (M.A. 1897), and Columbia University (PhD. 1898).
While at Harvard, he was interested in how animals learn, and worked with William James. Afterwards, he became interested in the animal 'man', to the study of which he then devoted his life.
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Elizabeth Loftus
Elizabeth F. Loftus (born 1944) is an American psychologist and expert on human memory. She has conducted extensive research on the misinformation effect and the nature of false memories. Loftus has been recognized throughout the world for her work, receiving numerous awards and honorary degrees. In 2002, Loftus was 58th in a list of the 100 most influential researchers in psychology in the 20th century, and the highest ranked woman on the list.
Loftus received her bachelor's degree in mathematics and psychology from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1966 and her MA (1967) and Ph.D (1970) in psychology from Stanford University.
Loftus is a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, the Department of Criminology, Law, and Society, and the Department of Cognitive Sciences, a Fellow of The Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory at the University of California, Irvine, and a Fellow of the Committee of Skeptical Inquiry's CSICOP Executive Council. She is also a Professor of Law.
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Elkhonon Goldberg
Elkhonon Goldberg (b. 1946 Riga, Latvia, USSR) is a neuropsychologist and cognitive neuroscientist known for his work in hemispheric specialization and the "novelty-routinization" theory.
Goldberg studied at Moscow State University with the great neuropsychologist Alexander Luria and moved to the United States in 1974. He is currently a Clinical Professor of Neurology at New York University School of Medicine, Diplomate of The American Board of Professional Psychology in Clinical Neuropsychology, and Co-Founder and Chief Scientific Advisor of SharpBrains, an online brain fitness center. He offers post-doctoral training in Neuropsychology at Fielding Graduate University.
At Moscow State University, Goldberg studied psychology and mathematics and was among the early proponents of the discipline known today as computational neuroscience. In the United States Goldberg's work has been more clinical in nature. His research has focused on the function of the frontal lobes, hemispheric specialization, memory, cognitive aging, and general theory of functional cortical organization.
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Endel Tulving
Endel Tulving (born May 26, 1927, in Estonia) is an experimental psychologist and cognitive neuroscientist whose research on human memory has influenced generations of psychological scientists, neuroscientists, and clinicians. One of his most influential contributions to modern psychology was to differentiate episodic memory from other kinds of learning and memory systems in the brain.
Tulving is a professor emeritus at the University of Toronto and a Visiting Professor of Psychology at Washington University in St. Louis. He received his bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Toronto and his doctorate from Harvard University. In 1979, he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. In 1988 he was elected into the United States National Academy of Sciences. In 1992, he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of London. He is also a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. In 2005 he won a Gairdner Foundation International Award, Canada's leading prize in biology and medicine. [1] In 2006, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada, Canada's highest civilian honor. In 2007, he was inducted into the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame.
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Eric Kandel
Eric Richard Kandel (born November 7, 1929 in Vienna, Austria) is an American neuropsychiatrist who was a recipient of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the physiological basis of memory storage in neurons. He shared the prize with Arvid Carlsson and Paul Greengard.
Kandel, who had studied psychoanalysis, wanted to understand how memory works. His mentor, Harry Grundfest, said, “If you want to understand the brain you’re going to have to take a reductionist approach, one cell at a time.” So he studied the neural system of a simple animal, Aplysia, a snail with very large nerve cells.
Kandel is a professor of biochemistry and biophysics at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and a Senior Investigator in the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He was also the founding director of the Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, which is now the Department of Neuroscience at Columbia. Kandel authored In Search of Memory: The Emergence of a New Science of Mind (WW Norton), which chronicles his life and research. The book was awarded the 2006 Los Angeles Times Book Award for Science and Technology.
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Erik Erikson
Erik Erikson (15 June 1902 – 12 May 1994) was a German-born American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known for his theory on psychosocial development of human beings. He may be most famous for coining the phrase identity crisis. His son, Kai T. Erikson, is a noted American sociologist.
Although Erikson lacked even a bachelor's degree, he served as a professor of prominent institutions such as Harvard and Yale.
Born in Frankfurt, Erik Erikson's lifelong interest in the psychology of identity may be traced to his childhood. He was born on June 15, 1902. The circumstances of his birth were concealed from him in his childhood. His Danish-born mother, Karla Abrahamsen, came from a prominent Jewish family in Copenhagen. At the time of her son's birth in Germany, Karla Abrahamsen had not seen her husband, Jewish stockbroker Waldemar Isidor Salomonsen, for several years. Nonetheless, the boy was registered as Erik Salomonsen. There is no more information about his biological father, except that he was a Dane and his given name probably was Erik. It is also suggested that he was married at the time that Erikson was conceived.[citation needed] Following her son's birth, Karla trained to be a nurse, moved to Karlsruhe and in 1905, married a Jewish pediatrician, Theodor Homburger. In 1908, Erik Salomonsen became Erik Homburger and in 1911 he was officially adopted by his stepfather.
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George Sperling
George Sperling (born 1934) is an American cognitive psychologist. He is a Distinguished Professor of both Cognitive Science and Neurobiology & Behavior at the University of California, Irvine. Sperling documented the existence of iconic memory (one of the sensory memory subtypes). Through several experiments, he showed support for his hypothesis that human beings store a perfect image of the visual world for a brief moment, before it is discarded from memory.
In 1955, George graduated his BS degree at the University of Michigan with hopes to become a scientist in one of the major scientific field such as biology, chemistry, mathematics, and physics. In 1956, he went on to receive an MA in psychology from Columbia University. His passion for physiological psychology began accidentally in university which caused him to pursue a career in cognitive psychology. He received his PH.D. from Harvard and has advanced much after in the field of cognitive psychology by many of his famous works and research.
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Gordon Allport
Gordon Willard Allport (November 11, 1897 – October 9, 1967) was an American psychologist. Allport was one of the first psychologists to focus on the study of the personality, and is often referred to as one of the founding figures of personality psychology. He contributed to the formation of Values Scales and rejected both a psychoanalytic approach to personality, which he thought often went too deep, and a behavioral approach, which he thought often did not go deep enough. He emphasized the uniqueness of each individual, and the importance of the present context, as opposed to past history, for understanding the personality.
Allport had a profound and lasting influence on the field of psychology, even though his work is cited much less often than that of other well-known figures. Part of his influence stemmed from his knack for attacking and broadly conceptualizing important and interesting topics (e.g. rumor, prejudice, religion, traits). Part of his influence was a result of the deep and lasting impression he made on his students during his long teaching career, many of whom went on to have important psychological careers. Among his many students were Jerome S. Bruner, Anthony Greenwald, Stanley Milgram, Leo Postman, Thomas Pettigrew, and M. Brewster Smith. His brother Floyd Henry Allport, was professor of social psychology and political psychology at Syracuse University's Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs (in Syracuse, New York, USA) from 1924 until 1956, and visiting professor at University of California, Berkeley
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Harry Harlow
Harry Frederick Harlow (October 31, 1905 – December 6, 1981) was an American psychologist best known for his maternal-separation and social isolation experiments on rhesus monkeys, which demonstrated the importance of care-giving and companionship in social and cognitive development. He conducted most of his research at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where humanistic psychologist Abraham Maslow worked for a time with him.
Harlow's experiments were controversial; they included rearing infant macaques in isolation chambers for up to 24 months, from which they emerged severely disturbed. Some researchers cite the experiments as a factor in the rise of the animal liberation movement in the United States.[citation needed]
Born Harry Israel on October 31, 1905 to Mabel Rock and Alonzo Harlow Israel, Harlow grew up in Fairfield, Iowa, the second youngest of four brothers. After a year at Reed College in Portland, Oregon, Harlow obtained admission to Stanford University on a special aptitude test. After a semester as an English major with nearly disastrous grades, he declared himself as a psychology major.
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Hermann Ebbinghaus
Hermann Ebbinghaus (January 24, 1850 — February 26, 1909) was a German psychologist who pioneered the experimental study of memory, and is known for his discovery of the forgetting curve and the spacing effect. He was also the first person to describe the learning curve. He was the father of the eminent Neo-Kantian philosopher Julius Ebbinghaus.
Ebbinghaus was born in Barmen, Germany, the son of a wealthy Lutheran merchant, Carl Ebbinghaus. Little is known about his infancy except that he was brought up in the Lutheran faith and was a pupil at the town of Gymnasium. At the age of 17 (1867), he began attending the University of Bonn, where he had planned to study history and philology. However, during his time there he developed an interest in philosophy. In 1870, his studies were interrupted when he served with the Prussian Army in the Franco-Prussian War. Following this short stint in the military, Ebbinghaus finished his dissertation on Eduard von Hartmann’s Philosphie des Unbewussten (Philosophy of the Unconscious), and received his doctorate on August 16, 1873, when he was 23 years old. During the next three years, he moved around, spending time at Halle and Berlin.
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HM (patient)
Henry Gustav Molaison (February 26, 1926 – December 2, 2008), known as H.M., was an American memory disorder patient whose hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and amygdala were surgically removed in an attempt to cure his epilepsy. He was widely studied from late 1957 until his death. His case played a very important role in the development of theories that explain the link between brain function and memory, and in the development of cognitive neuropsychology, a branch of psychology that aims to understand how the structure and function of the brain relates to specific psychological processes. Before his death, he resided in a care institute located in Windsor Locks, Connecticut, where he was the subject of ongoing investigation. His brain now resides at UC San Diego where it was sliced into histological sections on December 4, 2009.
Molaison was born on February 26, 1926 and suffered from intractable epilepsy that has sometimes been attributed to a bicycle accident at the age of seven. This accident was initially reported to have occurred at age nine, but was corrected by the patient's mother at a later stage. He suffered from partial seizures for many years, and then several tonic-clonic seizures following his sixteenth birthday. In 1953 he was referred to William Beecher Scoville, a neurosurgeon at Hartford Hospital, for treatment.
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Ivan Izquierdo
Dr. Ivan Antonio Izquierdo is a renowned Argentine Brazilian scientist and a pioneer in the study of the neurobiology of learning and memory. Born in 1937 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Izquierdo has graduated in Medicine (1961) and completed his Ph.D. in Pharmacology (1962), both in the University of Buenos Aires (UBA). For nearly a decade, Izquierdo taught at National University of Cordoba (UNC), in Argentina, but, due to a number of reasons, both political (the Argentinian dictatorship) and personal (his wife, Ivone, is Brazilian), he moved to Brazil in the beginning of the 1970s, and has lived in Porto Alegre since 1978. For more than 20 years, he has worked in the "Center of Memory" of the Biochemistry Department of the Health Basic Sciences Institute (ICBS) at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), where he has had an enormous influence on young scientists: he has trained 42 Ph.D. students, most of whom hold academic research positions in universities in Brazil and elsewhere. Recently, he moved to the Pontificial Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) where he continues with his research.
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Ivan Pavlov
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (Russian: Ива́н Петро́вич Па́влов; September 26 [O.S. September 14] 1849 – February 27, 1936) was a famous Russian physiologist. From his childhood days Pavlov demonstrated intellectual brilliance along with an unusual energy which he named "the instinct for research". Inspired when the progressive ideas which D. I. Pisarev, the most eminent of the Russian literary critics of the 1860s and I. M. Sechenov, the father of Russian physiology, were spreading, Pavlov abandoned his religious career and decided to devote his life to science. In 1870 he enrolled in the physics and mathematics faculty at the University of Saint Petersburg to take the course in natural science. Ivan Pavlov devoted his life to the study of physiology and sciences; making several remarkable discoveries and ideas that were passed on from generation to generation. His efforts did pay off in fact, as he won the Nobel Prize for physiology in 1904.
Ivan Pavlov was born in Ryazan, now in the Central Federal District of Russia, where his father, Peter Dmitrievich Pavlov (1823–1899), was a village priest. Pavlov's mother, Varvara Ivanovna Uspenskaya, was born in 1826 and died in 1890. He began his higher education as a student at the Ryazan Ecclesiastical Seminary, but then dropped out and enrolled at the University of Saint Petersburg to study the natural sciences and became a physiologist.
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James McGaugh
James L. McGaugh (born December 17, 1931) is an American neurobiologist working in the field of learning and memory. He is currently a Research Professor at the University of California, Irvine.
McGaugh received his B.A. from San Jose State University in 1953 and his Ph.D. in psychology from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1959. He was briefly a professor at San Jose State and then did postdoctoral work in neuropharmacology with Nobel Laureate Professor Daniel Bovet at the Istituto Superiore di Sanitá in Rome, Italy. He then became a professor at the University of Oregon from 1961-1964. He was recruited to the University of California, Irvine, in 1964 (the year of the school's founding) to be the founding chair of the Department of Psychobiology (now Neurobiology and Behavior: [1]). He became dean (1967–1970) of the School of Biological Sciences and Vice Chancellor (1975–1977) and executive Vice Chancellor (1978–1982) of the university, though he maintained his laboratory throughout that time. In 1983, he founded the Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory ([2] and remained director from 1983-2004.
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Jean Piaget
Jean Piaget (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ pjaʒɛ]; 9 August 1896 – 16 September 1980) was a French-speaking Swiss developmental psychologist and philosopher known for his epistemological studies with children. He was the eldest son of Arthur Piaget (Swiss) and Rebecca Jackson (French). His theory of cognitive development and epistemological view are together called "genetic epistemology".
Piaget placed great importance on the education of children. As the Director of the International Bureau of Education, he declared in 1934 that "only education is capable of saving our societies from possible collapse, whether violent, or gradual."
Piaget created the International Center for Genetic Epistemology in Geneva in 1955 and directed it until 1980. According to Ernst von Glasersfeld, Jean Piaget is "the great pioneer of the constructivist theory of knowing."
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Jerome Kagan
Jerome Kagan is an American psychologist. He was born in 1929 in Newark, New Jersey, and grew up in Rahway, New Jersey. Kagan is currently retired after being a professor at Harvard University in the Developmental program. He is one of the key pioneers of developmental psychology. He is Daniel and Amy Starch Research Professor of Psychology, Emeritus at Harvard University, and co-faculty at the New England Complex Systems Institute. He has shown that an infant's "temperament" is quite stable over time, in that certain behaviors in infancy are predictive of certain other behavior patterns in adolescence. He did extensive work on temperament and gave insight on emotion.
Kagan was listed as the 22nd most eminent psychologist of the 20th Century, just above Carl Jung.
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John B. Watson
John Broadus Watson (January 9, 1878 – September 25, 1958) was an American psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviorism. Watson promoted a change in psychology through his address, Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it, which was given at Columbia University in 1913. Through his behaviorist approach, Watson conducted research on animal behavior, child rearing, and advertising. In addition, he conducted the controversial "Little Albert" experiment.
Watson was born in Travelers Rest, South Carolina. His mother, Emma Watson, was a very religious woman who adhered to prohibitions against drinking, smoking, and dancing. His alcoholic father left the family to live with two Indian women when Watson was 13 years old (a transgression which Watson never forgave). Despite his poor academic performance and having been arrested twice during high school, Watson was able to use his mother's connections to gain admission to Furman College in Greenville, South Carolina. A precocious student, he entered college at the age of 16 and left with a masters degree aged 21. Watson made his way through college with significant effort, succeeding in classes that other students simply failed. After graduating, he spent a year at "Batesburg Institute", the name he gave to a one-room school in Greenville. He was principal, janitor, and handyman for the entire school. After petitioning the President of the University of Chicago, Watson entered the university. He began studying philosophy under John Dewey on the recommendation of Furman professor, Gordon Moore. The combined influence of Dewey, James Rowland Angell, Henry Herbert Donaldson and Jacques Loeb led Watson to develop a highly descriptive, objective approach to the analysis of behavior that he would later call "behaviorism." Later, Watson became interested in the work of Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936), and eventually included a highly simplified version of Pavlov's principles in his popular works.
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John Bowlby
Edward John Mostyn "John" Bowlby (26 February 1907 – 2 September 1990) was a British psychologist, psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, notable for his interest in child development and for his pioneering work in attachment theory.
Bowlby was born in London to an upper-middle-class family. He was the fourth of six children and was brought up by a nanny in the British fashion of his class at that time. His father, Sir Anthony Alfred Bowlby, first Baronet, was surgeon to the King's Household, with a tragic history: at age five, Sir Anthony's own father, Thomas William Bowlby, (John's grandfather) was killed while serving as a war correspondent in the Opium Wars[disambiguation needed
].
Normally, Bowlby saw his mother only one hour a day after teatime, though during the summer she was more available. Like many other mothers of her social class, she considered that parental attention and affection would lead to dangerous spoiling of the children. Bowlby was lucky in that the nanny in his family was present throughout his childhood. When Bowlby was almost four years old, his beloved nanny, who was actually his primary caretaker in his early years, left the family. Later, he was to describe this as tragic as the loss of a mother.
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Jonathan Hancock
Jonathan Bruce Hancock is the Founder of The Junior Memory Championship. A two-time Guinness World Record-Holder and former World Memory Champion, he also spent fifteen years working as a radio presenter on BBC Radio Oxford. He has written eleven books on memory and learning, and is now working as a primary school teacher.
He was born in north-east England, on 12 February 1972, but moved at an early age to North Yorkshire where he spent his early childhood, and then to Nunthorpe, a suburb of Middlesbrough. As a teenager, he became involved in broadcasting through the local hospital radio station.
After school, he did charity work in Australia before moving to Oxford to study English at Christ Church, Oxford University. As a student in Oxford, he became involved with the local BBC radio station, where he went to work after completing his studies.
Jonathan has always had a keen interest in memory and learning. His books have titles such as "How to be a Genius" and "Maximise your Memory", and have been translated into seven languages. He put his own memory techniques to good use in his university studies, gaining an Oxford First, and at the World Memory Championships in London which he won in 1994.
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Judith Lewis Herman
Judith Lewis Herman (born 1942) is a psychiatrist, researcher, teacher, and author who has focused on the understanding and treatment of incest and traumatic stress.
Herman is Professor of clinical psychiatry at Harvard University Medical School and Director of Training at the Victims of Violence Program in the Department of Psychiatry at the Cambridge Health Alliance in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and a founding member of the Women’s Mental Health Collective.
She was the recipient of the 1996 Lifetime Achievement Award from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies and the 2000 Woman in Science Award from the American Medical Women's Association. In 2003 she was named a Distinguished Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association.
Perhaps her most distinctive contribution to the understanding of trauma and its victims is the concept of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), which extends the diagnostic category post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) — a diagnosis that, according to the United States Veterans Administration's Center for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, "accurately describes the symptoms that result when a person experiences a short-lived trauma" — to include "the syndrome that follows upon prolonged, repeated trauma."
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Karl H. Pribram
Karl H. Pribram (born February 25, 1919 in Vienna, German Austria) is a professor at Georgetown University, in the United States, and an emeritus professor of psychology and psychiatry at Stanford University and Radford University. Board-certified as a neurosurgeon, Pribram did pioneering work on the definition of the limbic system, the relationship of the frontal cortex to the limbic system, the sensory-specific "association" cortex of the parietal and temporal lobes, and the classical motor cortex of the human brain. To the general public, Pribram is best known for his development of the holonomic brain model of cognitive function and his contribution to ongoing neurological research into memory, emotion, motivation and consciousness. He is married to American best selling author Katherine Neville.
Pribram's holonomic model of brain processing states that, in addition to the circuitry accomplished by the large fiber tracts in the brain, processing also occurs in webs of fine fiber branches (for instance, dendrites) that form webs. This type of processing is properly described by Gabor quanta of information, wavelets that are used in quantum holography, the basis of fMRI, PET scans and other image processing procedures.
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KC (patient)
Patient KC (born 1951) is a widely studied Canadian memory disorder patient who has been used as a case study in over 20 neuropsychology papers over the span of the past 25 years. In 1981, KC was involved in a motorcycle accident that left him with severe anterograde amnesia, as well as temporally graded retrograde amnesia. Unlike other amnesic patients (patient HM, for example), KC has his semantic memory intact, but lacks episodic memory with respect to his entire past. As a case study, patient KC has been linked to the breakdown of the single-memory single-locus hypothesis regarding amnesia, which states that an individual memory is localized to a single location in the brain.
KC was born in 1951 as the oldest of five children and grew up in the suburbs of Toronto, Canada. After attending a community college to study business administration he obtained a job at a manufacturing plant, which he held until the time of his motorcycle accident.
Currently at age 59 As of 2011[update], KC lives with his parents in their original home in the Toronto suburbs during the winter and spring, and at his family’s summer cottage during the summer and fall. He is single and has no children. In his spare time, he volunteers at his local library and goes on outings with other head-injury patients. He also continues to play the organ and play card games on the computer. Other than his amnesia (now stabilized), KC is in good health and is able to live a relatively normal life.
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Kenneth Heilman
Kenneth M. Heilman is an American behavioral neurologist.
Heilman was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York.
He attended the University of Virginia and graduated from the University of Virginia School of Medicine in 1963.
He did two years of residency in internal medicine at Cornell University Medical Center and Bellevue Hospital. During the Vietnam War era, he joined the Air Force and served as chief of medicine at the NATO Hospital in Izmir, Turkey from 1965 to 1967. After leaving the Air Force, Heilman went for residency in neurology at Harvard Medical School under Dr. Derek Denny-Brown and then continued there in a fellowship with Dr. Norman Geschwind.
Upon completion of his fellowship, Heilman was recruited by the chairman of the department of neurology, Melvin Greer, and joined the faculty of the University of Florida Department of Neurology in 1970 as an Assistant Professor. He was promoted to Associate Professor in 1973 and Professor in 1975. He became the first James E. Rooks, Jr. Professor of Neurology in 1990, a newly endowed chair at the university. In 1998, Heilman he was among the first UF faculty to receive the title of Distinguished Professor. Heilman is also the program director and was chief of neurology at the North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Administration Hospital (Malcom Randall VAMC). He is also a professor of Clinical and Health Psychology at the UF
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Marcia K. Johnson
Marcia K. Johnson is a Sterling Professor of Psychology at Yale University. She received her Ph.D. in 1971 from University of California, Berkeley. Her research has focused on human memory, specifically the component processes of reflection and consciousness, mechanisms of veridical and distorted memory, memory disorders (resulting from amnesia, frontal brain damage, aging), and the relation between emotion and cognition.
Johnson has received a number of awards, including the American Psychological Association Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award, the American Psychological Society William James Fellow Award, and a Guggenheim Fellowship.
Johnson joined the faculty at Yale in 2000, after previously teaching at Stony Brook University and Princeton University. She became the Dilley Professor of Psychology in 2004, and was appointed as a Sterling Professor in 2011.
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Mark Rosenzweig
Mark Richard Rosenzweig (September 12, 1922 – July 20, 2009) was an American research psychologist who found in animal studies on neuroplasticity that the brain continues developing anatomically, reshaping and repairing itself into adulthood based on life experiences, overturning the conventional wisdom that the brain reached full maturity in childhood.
Rosenzweig was born on September 12, 1922, in Rochester, New York, to Jews of Eastern European origin, in which his bilingual parents (his lawyer father and homemaker mother spoke both English and German) helped foster an interest in language and learning. He attended the University of Rochester there planning to major in history, but ended up switching to psychology and receiving a bachelor's degree in 1943 and a master's degrees in 1944 with a focus on auditory perception.
Following the completion of his studies in 1944, he enlisted in the United States Navy, initially serving as a radar technician at the Anacostia Naval Station. He was later relocated to Tsingtao in China, where he was stationed on the seaplane tender USS Chincoteague.
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Muriel Lezak
Muriel Deutsch Lezak is an American neuropsychologist best known for her book Neuropsychological Assessment, widely accepted as the standard in the field. She holds bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Chicago, and earned a Ph.D. (Clinical Psychology) from the University of Portland in 1960.[1][2]
Her work has centred on research into, assessment and rehabilitation of brain injury. Dr. Lezak is Emeritus Professor of Neurology at the Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine.
In 1996 she received the Distinguished Neuropsychologist Award from the US-based National Academy of Neuropsychology. Past recipients include the prominent neuropsychologists George Prigatano, Brenda Milner, Ralph Reitan and Arthur Benton.[3]
Lezak has three children: Anne, David, and Miriam.[4] Her husband Sid was U.S. Attorney in Oregon for more than twenty years. He died on April 24, 2006.[5]
Her published academic work includes:
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Neal E. Miller
Neal Elgar Miller (August 3, 1909 – March 23, 2002) was an American psychologist.
Miller was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1909. He received a B.S. degree from the University of Washington (1931), an M.S. from Stanford University (1932), and a Ph.D. degree in Psychology from Yale University (1935). He was a social science research fellow at the Institute of Psychoanalysis, Vienna for one year (1935–36) before returning to Yale as a faculty member in 1936. He spent 30 years at Yale University (1936–1966), where he became the James Rowland Angell Professor of Psychology, and 15 more years at Rockefeller University (1966–1981) before becoming Professor Emeritus at Rockefeller (1981-1985) and Research Affiliate at Yale (1985-?).
Miller was instrumental in the development of biofeedback. He discovered that even the autonomic nervous system could be susceptible to classical conditioning.
Neal Miller along with John Dollard and O. Hobart Mowrer helped to integrate behavioral and psychoanalytic concepts. They were able to translate psychological analytic concepts into behavioral terms that would be more easily understood. These three men also recognized Sigmund Freud's understanding of anxiety as a "signal of danger" and that some things in Freud's work could be altered to fix this. Neal, John and Hobert believed that a person who was relieved of high anxiety levels would experience what is called "anxiety relief". These three men also realized that classical conditioning could be followed by operant conditioning.
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Norman Geschwind
Norman Geschwind (January 8, 1926–November 4, 1984) was a pioneering American behavioral neurologist, best known for his exploration of behavioral neurology through disconnection models based on lesion analysis.
Norman Geschwind was born on January 8, 1926 in New York City, New York. He was a student at Boy's High School in Brooklyn, New York. He matriculated into Harvard University in 1942, initially planning to study mathematics. His education was interrupted when drafted into the Army in 1944. After serving for two years, he returned to Harvard University in 1946. Geschwind changed to the Department of Social Relations and studied a combination of social/personality psychology and cultural anthropology. Geschwind later married and had three children, Naomi, David, and Claudia.
Geschwind attended Harvard Medical School, intending to become a psychiatrist. His emphasis began to shift after studying neuroanatomy with Dr. Marcus Singer, at which time he began to develop an interest in aphasia and epilepsy. He graduated medical school in 1951. Dr. Geschwind continued his studies at London’s National Hospital as a Moseley Travelling Fellow from 1952 to 1953, then as a United States Public Health Service fellow from 1953 to 1955. He studied with Sir Charles Symonds who taught the importance of neurologic mechanisms to studying disorders.
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Ole Ivar Lovaas
Ole Ivar Løvaas Ph.D. (8 May 1927 – 2 August 2010) was a Norwegian-American clinical psychologist at UCLA. He is considered to be one of the fathers of applied behavior analysis (ABA) therapy for autism through his development of the Lovaas technique and the first to provide evidence that the behavior of autistic children can be modified through teaching. His method is the only modality approved by the Surgeon General's Office and has over thirty years of scientific research. In recent times, people refer to his method as ABA.
Findings of independent peer reviewed studies show benefits associated with the Lovaas method, though some have disputed this. In his original studies in the late 1950s aversives such as electric shock successfully treated approximately 50% of individuals engaging in instances of extreme self-injury whose life expectancy was reduced by secondary infection. Subsequent studies were on extinction methods, in which attention is given only when persons are not engaging in self-injury.
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Olin Levi Warner
Olin Levi Warner (April 9, 1844 – August 14, 1896) was an American sculptor and artist noted for the striking bas relief portrait medallions and busts he created in the late 19th century.
Warner was born in Suffield, Connecticut. Warner's great-great-uncle was the Revolutionary leader Seth Warner. As a young man he worked as an artisan and a telegraph operator. In 1869 he had saved up enough money to move to Paris, where he studied sculpture at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts under François Jouffroy, and worked as an assistant to Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux.
When the French Third Republic was proclaimed in 1870, he enlisted in the Foreign Legion, resuming his studies when the siege was over (May 1871). In 1872, he removed to New York and established a studio. He was one of the founders and a member of the Society of American Artists in 1877, and an associate of the National Academy of Design in 1888.
A trip through the Northwest Territory led to a series of Indian-themed portrait medallions. He designed the souvenir half dollar for the Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago in 1893.
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Pasko Rakic
Pasko Rakic, (Croatian: Paško Rakić; Serbian: Пашко Ракић), born 1933, Ruma, Serbia) is a neuroscientist at Yale University. Rakic has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences USA, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Presidency of the Society for Neuroscience. He was a co-recipient, with Thomas Jessell and Sten Grillner, of the inaugural Kavli Prize for Neuroscience in 2008. He is also a foreign member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
Born in Syrmian city of Ruma, Kingdom of Yugoslavia (now Vojvodina, Serbia) into a Serbian family, Rakic graduated with a degree in medicine (M.D.) from the University of Belgrade (Belgrade Medical School) in Serbia then embarked on a career as a neurosurgeon. He also received Ph.D from Belgrade University. His research career began in 1962, with a fellowship at Harvard University.
According to Nature Medicine, his first experiments required "a special grant, nearly 200 rhesus monkeys and so much radioactive thymidine that manufacturers had to retool their entire production system to provide it." Rakic injected the monkeys' fetuses with radioactive thymidine at a particular time after conception. Only replicating cells took up the radioactive label, which enabled Rakic to trace the lineages of brain cells as they were created. He and his team then sliced the brain of each monkey into 7,000 sections for the benefit of future researchers. Because he used a radiolabel that decays slowly, the slides should be useful for years, and have so far led to more than 24 papers.
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Phineas Gage
Phineas P. Gage (1823–1860) was an American railroad construction foreman now remembered for his improbable survival of an accident in which a large iron rod was driven completely through his head, destroying much of his brain's left frontal lobe, and for that injury's reported effects on his personality and behavior – effects so profound that friends saw him as "no longer Gage".
Long called "the American Crowbar Case" – once termed "the case which more than all others is calculated to excite our wonder, impair the value of prognosis, and even to subvert our physiological doctrines" – Phineas Gage influenced 19th-century discussion about the brain, particularly debate on cerebral localization, and was perhaps the first case suggesting that damage to specific regions of the brain might affect personality and behavior.
Gage is a fixture in the curricula of neurology, psychology and related disciplines, and is frequently mentioned in books and academic papers; he also has a minor place in popular culture. Relative to this celebrity, the body of known fact about the case is remarkably small, which has allowed it to be cited, over the years, in support of various theories of the brain and mind wholly contradictory to one another. A survey of published accounts has found that even modern scientific presentations of Gage are usually greatly distorted – exaggerating and even directly contradicting the established facts.
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Raymond Cattell
Raymond Bernard Cattell (20 March 1905 – 2 February 1998) was a British and American psychologist, known for his exploration of many areas in psychology. These areas included: the basic dimensions of personality and temperament, a range of cognitive abilities, the dynamic dimensions of motivation and emotion, the clinical dimensions of personality, patterns of group and social behavior, applications of personality research to psychotherapy and learning theory, predictors of creativity and achievement, and many scientific research methods for exploring and measuring these areas. Cattell was famously productive throughout his 92 years, authoring and co-authoring over 50 books and 500 articles, and over 30 standardized tests. According to a widely cited ranking, he was the 16th most influential and eminent psychologist of the 20th century.
As a psychologist, Cattell was rigorously devoted to the scientific method. He was an early proponent of using factor analytical methods instead of what he called "verbal theorizing" to explore the basic dimensions of personality, motivation, and cognitive abilities. One of the most important results of Cattell's application of factor analysis was his discovery of 16 factors underlying human personality. He called these factors "source traits" because he believed they provide the underlying source for the surface behaviors we think of as personality. This theory of personality factors and the instrument used to measure them are known respectively as the 16 personality factor model and the 16PF Questionnaire.
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Richard C. Atkinson
Richard Chatham Atkinson (born 19 March 1929) is an American professor of psychology and academic administrator. He is the former president and regent of the University of California system, and former chancellor of U.C. San Diego.
Atkinson started out as a professor of psychology at Stanford University, where he worked with Patrick Suppes on experiments in which they tried to use computers to teach math and reading to young children in Palo Alto elementary schools. The Education Program for Gifted Youth at Stanford is a descendant of those early experiments.
Eventually, Atkinson transitioned from research to a career in administration, and went on to serve as Director of the National Science Foundation, Chancellor of the University of California, San Diego, and President of the University of California system.
Atkinson is widely recognized for his scientific, academic, and administrative accomplishments. He has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Medicine, the National Academy of Education, and the American Philosophical Society. He is past president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, former chair of the Association of American Universities, the recipient of many honorary degrees. A mountain in Antarctica, and Atkinson Hall, the home of the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology at UC San Diego, are named in his honor.
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Richard Shiffrin
Richard Shiffrin is the Luther Dana Waterman Professor of cognitive science for the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences at Indiana University, Bloomington. Shiffrin has contributed a number of theories of attention and memory to the field of psychology. He co-authored the Atkinson–Shiffrin model of memory in 1968 with Richard Atkinson, who was his academic adviser at the time. In 1977, he published a theory of attention with Walter Schneider. With Jeroen G.W. Raaijmakers in 1980, Shiffrin published the Search of Associative Memory (SAM) model, which has served as the standard model of recall for cognitive psychologists well into the 2000s. He extended the SAM model with the Retrieving Effectively From Memory (REM) model in 1997 with Mark Steyvers.
Richard Shiffrin is an avid rock climber who has scaled walls in the Dolomites, Smith Rock, the Italian Alps, and many more. His community service involves volunteering at a local rock climbing gym as a route setter. He runs a Cognitive Science Conference every summer, the Annual Summer Interdisciplinary Conference, or ASIC, held at different world class outdoor adventure and rock climbing sites. The web page for 2012 is http://www.cogs.indiana.edu/asic/2012/index.html. He is also a long time backcountry skier (mostly in the environs of Jackson Hole Wyoming). Powerpoint slide shows of skiing and climbing may be located under 'Hobbies' on his home page at: http://www.cogs.indiana.edu/shiffrin/index.html.
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Robert A. Bjork
Robert Allen Bjork (Ph.D., Stanford University; B.A., Minnesota) (born 1939) is Distinguished Professor of Psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles. His research focuses on human learning and memory and on the implications of the science of learning for instruction and training. He is the creator of the directed forgetting paradigm.
He has served as Editor of Memory & Cognition (1981–85); Editor of Psychological Review (1995–2000); Co-editor of Psychological Science in the Public Interest (1998–2004), and Chair of a National Research Council Committee on Techniques for the Enhancement of Human Performance (1988–94). His positions of leadership include President of the American Psychological Society (APS); President of the Western Psychological Association; Chair of the Psychonomic Society; Chair of the Society of Experimental Psychologists; and Chair of the Council of Editors of the American Psychological Association (APA). He is currently Chair of the Council of Graduate Departments of Psychology. He is a fellow of the Society of Experimental Psychologists, the American Psychological Association, and the American Psychological Society. He is a recipient of UCLA's Distinguished Teaching Award; Distinguished Scientist Lecturer Award; and APA's Distinguished Service to Psychological Science Award.
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Robert Stickgold
Robert Stickgold is an Associate Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. A preeminent sleep researcher, Dr. Stickgold has dedicated his life to understanding the relationship between sleep and learning. He is also a very active educator. His multiple articles in the popular press are intended to illustrate the dangers of sleep deprivation.
Stickgold was born in Chicago. He graduated from Harvard University before attending the University of Wisconsin–Madison where he received his doctorate in biochemistry. He worked with the prominent sleep researcher J. Allan Hobson for many years. Stickgold's research has focused on sleep and cognition, dreaming, and conscious states. He has been a major proponent of the role of sleep in memory consolidation. Additional research has focused on dreaming. In one experiment, participants played the computer game Tetris for three days and reported dreaming about falling geometric shapes. Even patients with anterograde amnesia, who did not remember playing the game, had similar dreams as normal participants. Similar results were found in another study utilizing the video game Alpine Racer 2. Participants reported dreaming about skiing.
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Rodolfo Llinás
Rodolfo R. Llinás PhD (b. Bogotá, Colombia in 1934) is a neuroscientist. He is presently the Thomas and Suzanne Murphy Professor of Neuroscience and Chairman of the department of Physiology & Neuroscience at the NYU School of Medicine. He attended the Gimnasio Moderno school and received his MD from the Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá in 1959 and his PhD in 1965 from the Australian National University working under Sir John Eccles. Llinás has published over 500 scientific articles.
He has studied the electrophysiology of single neurons in the cerebellum, the thalamus, the cerebral cortex, the entorhinal cortex, the hippocampus, the vestibular system, the inferior olive and the spinal cord. He has studied synaptic transmitter release in the squid giant synapse. He has studied human brain function using magnetoencephalography (MEG) on the basis of which he introduced the concept of Thalamocortical dysrhythmia.
Llinás has written that the brain evolved because organisms needed to move around without running into other organisms or objects.
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Roger Wolcott Sperry
Roger Wolcott Sperry (August 20, 1913 – April 17, 1994) was a neuropsychologist, neurobiologist and Nobel laureate who, together with David Hunter Hubel and Torsten Nils Wiesel, won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his work with split-brain research.
Sperry was born in Hartford, Connecticut, to Francis Bushnell and Florence Kraemer Sperry. His father was in banking, and his mother trained in business school. Roger had one brother, Russell Loomis. Their father died when Roger was 11. Afterwards, his mother became assistant to the principal in the local high school.
Sperry went to Hall High School in West Hartford, Connecticut, where he was a star athlete in several sports, and did well enough academically to win a scholarship to Oberlin College. At Oberlin, he was captain of the basketball team, and he also took part in varsity baseball, football, and track; he received his bachelor's degree in English in 1935 and a master's degree in psychology in 1937. He received his Ph.D. in zoology from the University of Chicago in 1941, supervised by Paul A. Weiss. Sperry then did post-doctoral research with Karl Lashley at Harvard University.
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Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud (German pronunciation: [ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfʁɔʏt]), born Sigismund Schlomo Freud (6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939), was an Austrian neurologist who founded the discipline of psychoanalysis. Freud's family and ancestry were Jewish. Freud always considered himself a Jew even though he rejected Judaism and had a critical view of religion. Freud's parents were poor, but ensured his education. Freud was an outstanding pupil in high school, and graduated the Matura with honors in 1873. Interested in philosophy as a student, Freud later turned away from it and became a neurological researcher into cerebral palsy, Aphasia and microscopic neuroanatomy.
Freud went on to develop theories about the unconscious mind and the mechanism of repression, and established the field of verbal psychotherapy by creating psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient (or "analysand") and a psychoanalyst. Though psychoanalysis has declined as a therapeutic practice, it has helped inspire the development of many other forms of psychotherapy, some diverging from Freud's original ideas and approach. Freud postulated the existence of libido (an energy with which mental process and structures are invested), developed therapeutic techniques such as the use of free association (in which patients report their thoughts without reservation and make no attempt to concentrate while doing so), discovered the transference (the process by which patients displace on to their analysts feelings based on their experience of earlier figures in their lives) and established its central role in the analytic process, and proposed that dreams help to preserve sleep by representing as fulfilled wishes that would otherwise awake the dreamer. He was also a prolific essayist, drawing on psychoanalysis to contribute to the interpretation and critique of culture.
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Stanley Schachter
Stanley Schachter (April 15, 1922 – June 7, 1997) was an American psychologist.
Schachter proposed the two factor theory of emotion. He said emotions have two ingredients: physiological arousal and a cognitive label. A person's experience of an emotion stems from the mental awareness of the body's physical arousal.
Schachter was born to Nathan and Anna Schachter in Flushing, New York. His parents were both Romanian Jews, his father from Vasilau a small village in Bukovina and his mother from Radauti. Schachter initially studied Art history at Yale University and then took his Masters in Psychology, when he was influenced by Clark Hull.
Stanley Schachter had a broad curiosity about social behavior. During his career he studied the misattribution of arousal, the causes of overeating and obesity, the physiological basis for nicotine addiction, and the origins of miserliness. In each domain Schachter provided the field with creative, thought-provoking experiments.
In 1946 Schachter went to MIT to work with the German social psychologist Kurt Lewin, in his Research Center for Group Dynamics, studying social issues. Lewin died in 1947, and the research center moved to the University of Michigan, where it became a part of the Institute for Social Research. This was where Schachter gained his Ph.D. in 1949. Schachter's dissertation supervisor was Leon Festinger. With Henry Riecken, they wrote the book When Prophecy Fails (1956), describing what happened to millennial groups after their predicted date for the end of the world had passed.
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Stephen J. Ceci
Stephen J. Ceci is an American psychologist at Cornell University. He studies the accuracy of children's courtroom testimony (as it applies to allegations of physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect), and he is an expert in the development of intelligence and memory. He has been the recipient of numerous awards, including the prestigious Lifetime Contribution Awards from the American Psychological Association (APA) and the Association for Psychological Science (APS) as well as many divisional and smaller society awards.
Ceci received his B.A. in 1973 from the University of Delaware, his M.A. in 1975 from the University of Pennsylvania and his Ph.D. in 1978 from the University of Exeter, England, where he studied with Michael Howe. He holds a lifetime endowed chair in developmental psychology at Cornell.
Ceci is a member of five national advisory boards:
He is the founding co-editor of Psychological Science in the Public Interest, published by APS.
In 1995, Ceci was part of an 11-member American Psychological Association task force led by Ulric Neisser which published "Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns," a report written in response to The Bell Curve. This is a link to the full text of the APA Task Force examination of the Knowns and Unknowns of Intelligence.
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Steven Rose
Steven P. Rose (born 4 July 1938 in London, United Kingdom) is a Professor of Biology and Neurobiology at the Open University and University of London.
Growing up as an Orthodox Jew, Rose recounted how he decided to became an atheist when he was eight years old.
Rose studied biochemistry at King's College, Cambridge, and neurobiology at Cambridge and the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London. When he was appointed to the professorship of biology at the newly instituted Open University in 1969 he was Britain's youngest full professor and chair of department. At the Open University he established the Brain Research Group, within which he and his colleagues focussed on the biological processes involved in memory formation and treatments for Alzheimer's Disease on which he has published some 300 research papers and reviews. He has written several popular science books and regularly writes for The Guardian newspaper. From 1999 to 2002, he gave public lectures as Professor of Physic at Gresham College, London. His work has won him numerous medals and prizes including the Biochemical Society medal for communication in science and the prestigious Edinburgh Medal. His book The Making of Memory won the Science Book Prize in 1993.
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Susan Clancy
Susan A. Clancy is a psychology researcher at Harvard University in the field of memory.
In October 2005 her book Abducted: How People Come to Believe They Were Kidnapped by Aliens was published. Clancy came to the subject of alien abductions while studying recovered memories, a phenomenon her research has called into question. Because her original research subjects, people who had recovered memories (generally via hypnosis) of sexual abuse, proved a politically sensitive group to debunk, Clancy decided to aim instead at the claims and recovered memories of alleged outer-space alien abductees. This latter group was neither viewed sympathetically by the public, thus refuting their claims would not be politically problematic, nor did its claims of alien encounters have any scientific credibility to begin with. Therefore, Clancy could focus her work on determining how exactly people came to believe they were abducted by aliens, and how they recovered memories of such a thing, while she assumed the factual nature of their claims to be prima facie false.
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Susumu Tonegawa
Susumu Tonegawa (利根川 進 Tonegawa Susumu, born September 6, 1939) is a Japanese scientist who won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1987 for his discovery of the genetic mechanism that produces antibody diversity. Although he won the Nobel Prize for his work in immunology, Tonegawa is a molecular biologist by training. In his later years, he has turned his attention to the molecular and cellular basis of memory formation.
Tonegawa is best known for figuring out the genetic mechanism of the adaptive immune system. One early idea was that each gene produces one protein. There are under 30,000 genes in the human body. However, the human body can produce millions of antibodies. Tonegawa showed in experiments beginning in 1976, genetic material rearranges itself to form millions of antibodies. Comparing the DNA of B cells (a type of white blood cell) in embryonic and adult mice, he observed that genes in the mature B cells of the adult mice are moved around, recombined, and deleted to form the diversity of the variable region of antibodies.[citation needed]
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Walter Mischel
Walter Mischel (born 1930) is an American psychologist specializing in personality theory and social psychology. He is the Robert Johnston Niven Professor of Humane Letters in the Department of Psychology at Columbia University.
Mischel was born on February 22, 1930 in Vienna, Austria, from where he fled with his family to the United States after the Nazi occupation in 1938. He grew up in Brooklyn, New York and studied under George Kelly and Julian Rotter at Ohio State University, where he received his Ph.D. in clinical psychology in 1956.
Mischel taught at the University of Colorado from 1956 to 1958, at Harvard University from 1958 to 1962, and at Stanford University from 1962 to 1983. Since 1983, Mischel has been in the Department of Psychology at Columbia University.
Mischel was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2004 and to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1991. In 2007, Mischel was elected president of the Association for Psychological Science. Mischel’s other honors include the Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award from the American Psychological Association, the Distinguished Scientist Award of the Society of Experimental Social Psychologists, the Distinguished Contributions to Personality Award of the Society of Social and Personality Psychologists, and the Distinguished Scientist Award of American Psychological Association's Division of Clinical Psychology. He is past editor of Psychological Review and past president of the American Psychological Association Division of Social and Personality Psychology and of the Association for Research in Personality.
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Wilhelm Wundt
Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (16 August 1832 - 31 August 1920 in Germany) was a German physician, psychologist, physiologist, philosopher, and professor, known today as one of the founding figures of modern psychology. He is widely regarded as the "father of experimental psychology". In 1879, Wundt founded the first formal laboratory for psychological research at the University of Leipzig.
By creating this laboratory he was able to explore the nature of religious beliefs, identify mental disorders and abnormal behavior, and find damaged parts of the brain. In doing so, he was able to establish psychology as a separate science from other topics. He also formed the first journal for psychological research in 1881.
Asteroids 635 Vundtia and 11040 Wundt are named in his honour.
Wundt was born at Neckarau, Baden on August 16th, 1832 (now part of Mannheim), the fourth child to parents Maximilian Wundt (a Lutheran minister), and his wife Marie Frederike. When about four years of age, Wundt's family moved to Heidelsheim which was known to be a small town. He studied from 1851 to 1856 at the University of Tübingen, University of Heidelberg, and the University of Berlin. After graduating in medicine from Heidelberg (1856), Wundt studied briefly with Johannes Peter Müller, before joining the University's staff, becoming an assistant to the physicist and physiologist Hermann von Helmholtz in 1858. There he wrote Contributions to the Theory of Sense Perception (1858–62). In 1865, he wrote a textbook about human physiology. In 1867 he became a professor in acquainting medical students with the exact physical needs for medical investigation. In 1874, he became a professor of "Inductive Philosophy" in Zurich. In 1875, he moved back to Leipzig.
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William James
William James (January 11, 1842 – August 26, 1910) was a pioneering American psychologist and philosopher who was trained as a physician. He was the first educator to offer a psychology course in the U.S. He wrote influential books on the young science of psychology, educational psychology, psychology of religious experience and mysticism, and on the philosophy of pragmatism. He was the brother of novelist Henry James and of diarist Alice James. In the summer of 1878, James married Alice Gibbens.
William James was born at the Astor House in New York City. He was the son of Henry James Sr., a noted and independently wealthy Swedenborgian theologian well acquainted with the literary and intellectual elites of his day. The intellectual brilliance of the James family milieu and the remarkable epistolary talents of several of its members have made them a subject of continuing interest to historians, biographers, and critics.
James interacted with a wide array of writers and scholars throughout his life, including his godfather Ralph Waldo Emerson, his godson William James Sidis, as well as Charles Sanders Peirce, Bertrand Russell, Josiah Royce, Ernst Mach, John Dewey, Macedonio Fernández, Walter Lippmann, Mark Twain, Horatio Alger, Jr., Henri Bergson and Sigmund Freud.
wn.com/William_James
- The Call
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- Michael Kiske
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- Jean Shepard
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- Dragon
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karaoke
In my memory
I can still see that face
In my memory
I can still hear the voice
I remember talkin' with you
The stories I could tell
In my memory, I remember you still
You gave the poet words to speak
you were the sun to warm my days
You put us in each others hands
You gave me love before I asked
In my memory
I can still see that face
In my memory
I can still hear the voice
I remember talkin' with you
The stories I could tell
In my memory, I remember you still
I feel my heart will surely break
I've taken all that I can take
You were the light for me to see
You were the sky that covered me
In my memory
I can still see that face
In my memory
I can still hear the voice
I remember talkin' with you
For hours by the well
In my memory, I remember you still
In my memory I can still see the eyes
In my memory
I can still feel your touch
I remember talkin' with you
The stories I could tell
I need to find a way to say the things I need to say
But it's so hard to find the perfect words and perfect time
Through the times I'm just not sure
If I can take much more
And my path has shift and turned
I found the words I'm searching for
I don't wanna wait
I just want to bury the memories
And carry on with these yeah
And if you wonder why
Then I'll tell you
I'm tired of things you brought around
Life is much better now
The things that you adore have
Left you standing wanting more
No one could know cause
You don't show a side that I disown
All the feelings I've sustained
I've carried far and now I'm drained
And once again the blame's on you
So turn it around like you always do
I don't wanna wait
I just want to bury the memories
And carry on with these yeah
And if you wonder why
Then I'll tell you
I'm tired of things you brought around
Life is much better now
So far from it
This part of me
I see the summit
From the deep yeah
I don't wanna wait
I just want to bury the memories
And carry
And if you wonder why
Then I'll tell you
I'm tired of things you brought around
Life is much better now
All that remains are feelings you've strained
All I retain are feelings that you've strained
This may never start.
We could fall apart.
And I'd be your memory.
Lost your sense of fear.
Feelings insincere.
Can I be your memory?
So get back, back, back to where we lasted.
Just like I imagine.
I could never feel this way.
So get back, back, back to the disaster.
My heart's beating faster.
Holding on to feel the same.
This may never start.
I'll tear us apart.
Can I be your enemy?
Losing half a year.
Waiting for you here
I'd be your anything.
So get back, back, back to where we lasted.
Just like I imagine.
I could never feel this way.
So get back, back, back to the disaster.
My heart's beating faster.
Holding on to feel the same.
This may never start.
Tearing out my heart.
I'd be your memory.
Lost your sense of fear.
(I'd be your memory)
Feelings insincere.
Can I be your memory?
So get back, back, back to where we lasted.
Just like I imagine.
I could never feel this way.
So get back, back, back to the disaster.
My heart's beating faster.
Holding on to feel the same.
This may never start.
We could fall apart
And I'd be your memory.
Lost your sense of fear.
Feelings insincere.
Can I be your memory?
Can I be your memory?
From the first time that I met you
In your heart you said you'd always be mine
I always thought that love would be so true
How could I know it was a matter of time
You tried to tell me love just played me for a fool
Like all the rest that you had treated so cruel
Never again will I believe in your love
The game has gone too far
I've had enough
Now that I've found out
What you're all about
Don't want your love no more
You're just a memory
That's all you are to me
a memory
That's all you are
That's all you are to me
Now that you've left me standing all alone
I think of you and how I was wrong
Since you've been gone I've had no feelings to share
How could I've been so wrong
It doesn't seem fair
You tried to tell me that your love is so true
All the lies and promises I've seen my eyes through
The passion that we had still burns your soul
I feel the end is near
It's all said and done
Now that I've found out
What you're all about
Don't want your love no more
You're just a memory
That's all you are to me
a memory
That's all you are
That's all you are to me
Now that I've found out
What you're all about
Don't want your love no more
You're just a memory
That's all you are to me
a memory
That's all you are
That's all you are to me
Never again will I believe in your love
The game has gone too far
I've had enough
That's all you are
That's all you are to me
Midnight not a sound from the pavement
Has the moon lost her memory?
She is smiling alone
In the lamplight, the withered leaves collect at my feet
And the wind begins to moan
Memory, All alone in the moonlight
I can dream of the old days
I was beautiful then
I remember the time I knew what happiness was
Let the memory live again
Every streetlamp seems to beat
A fatalistic warning
Someone mutters and the street lamp gutters
And soon
It will be morning
Daylight
I must wait for the sunrise
I must think of a new life
And I mustn't give in.
When the dawn comes
Tonight will be a memory too
And a new day will begin
(Music interlude)
Burnt out ends of smoky days
The stale cold smell of morning
A streetlamp dies; another night is over
Another day is dawning...
Touch me!
It's so easy to leave me
All alone with the memory
Of my days in the sun...
If you touch me, you'll understand what happiness is
The day she left me behind
i couldn't get her off my mind
thinking about all the times we had
but i'm a new man now
just don't ask me how
i know it's hard to belive
when that sun goes down
you can find me out painting the town
drinking away what used to be
cause i've got nothing to prove
and there's nothing left for me to lose
nothing more to me than just a memory
go out every night.
up til the morning light
having the time of my life
when i see you out with him
all i can do is grin
glad it's not me whose missing out
when that sun goes down
you can find me out painting the town
drinking away what used to be
cause i've got nothing to prove
and there's nothing left for me to lose
nothing more to me than just a memory
when that sun goes down
you can find me out painting the town
drinking away what used to be
cause i've got nothing to prove
and there's nothing left for me to lose
nothing more to me than just a memory
[Falk:]
Oh, I dare not to sleep anymore
Cause I see her face in every nightmare
In all the windows of my haunted house
And when I dream a dream of flowers
I wake up in my hand a bloody rose
'Blood shall come upon you'
So she spoke to me
Never knew she'd come back
Now she's on my dreams
From the faces in my dream
From an evil memory
As foretold in their prediction
From the faces in my dream
They are coming back for me
As it was told in their prediction
Is it just a dream
Or just a wicked memory ... Oh
Now I see her coming on her besom...
The smell of brimstone
And the mark of the beast
From the open window
Is it just a dream
As she's pulling out the dagger to stab
A thousand times into my hurting breast
Wake up from the nightmare
Screaming when I see her stand
with the face of Jakob
A bloody dagger in her hand
From the faces in my dream
From an evil memory
As foretold in their prediction
From the faces in my dream
They are coming back for me
As it was told in their prediction
Is it just a dream
[Gabriel:]
Maybe his conscience
Will send him a dream in his dreams
If I only knew - oh Anna -
If his soul also came free
Or maybe if Jakob
Would talk to the bailiff for you
I can't come for you
I don't know how many souls were set free
To start a rebellion, don't know if I'll still have to flee
[Solo: Jens Ludwig]
Oh that faces in my dream...
From the faces in my dream
From an evil memory...
Like a disease eating away at me
Your just another drug I'm an addict of
I can't play your fucked up guessing game
Jealous and out of my head
I know why you want me around
You've got someone to push around
And when I'm free, you're nothing but a memory
And when I'm free, you're nothing but a memory
And when I'm free, you're nothing but a memory
I hope my memory fades
You'll always hold a place inside my heart
I'll tear it out of me so I can start
Feel alive instead of dead inside
Fucked up and out of my head
I know why you want me around
You've got someone to push around
And when I'm free, you're nothing but a memory
And when I'm free, you're nothing but a memory
And when I'm free, you're nothing but a memory
I hope my memory fades, I hope my memory fades
Fades away, fades away, fades away, fades away
Fades away, fades away, fades away, fades away
I hope my memory fades, I hope my memory fades
I hope my memory fades, I hope my memory fades
I've been living in a picture frame
i've been dreaming, screaming out your name
i've been scraping, trying to make up the rent
busy searching for some money that i already spent
but i just can't relax you see
cuz you're not coming back to me
guess you're only a memory to me now
but there's so little left of me to go around
i've been thinking about letting you go
cuz i've been feeling like you don't wanna know
like every second now i'm under attack
like i'm breathing for a feeling that's just not coming back
but i just can't relax you see
cuz you're not coming back to me
guess you're only a memory to me now
but there's so little left of me to go around
without you i've got nothing to do around here
but it's clear that you're only a memory now
but there's nothing to do 'round here
since you disappeared
and i just can't relax
the place only for existence, the spiritual world
in this static space the memories were abruptly freed
the reality becomes vibration and it spreads
in front of you
the scene crossing your mind
shows the answer to the truth
in this iris the shape of past is seen
living in a big and invisible stream
threatened by big and invisible pressure
you will wander in the big forest without a trail
the prayer invites the light and deletes the sun
the blood streaming in the body loses the place to go
the bound earth sinks in the red sea
men are slaves of the fatally vindictive light
the light filled with greed
the brainwashed justice
what do you pray for? what do you swear?
oh darkness, free your great power
to complete the liberation of the earth
the memory being inherited in the endless time
awakens the earth of darkness without any
slight glimmer
Old memory, keep him remembering me
Behold him constantly while we're apart
Old memory, don't ever set him free
Make him keep loving me, beholds my heart
Your part of memory is deeper than
The sea you hold, such misery or happiness
Let every hour we spent and every place we went
Be in his memory, the ones he'll miss
Your part of memory is deeper than
The sea you hold, such misery or happiness
Let every hour we spent and every place we went
Midnight
Not a sound from the pavement
Has the moon lost her memory
She is smiling alone
In the lamplight
The withered leaves collect at my feet
And the wind begins to moan
Memory, all alone in the moonlight
I can dream of the old days
Life was beautiful then
I remember the time I knew what happiness was
Let the memory live again
Every street lamp seems to beat
A fatalistic warning
Someone mutters and the street lamp sputters
Soon it will be morning
Daylight
I must wait for the sunrise
I must think of a new life and
I mustn't give in
When the dawn comes
Tonight will be a memory too
And a new day will begin
Burnt out ends of smoky days
The stale court smell of morning
A street lamp dies
Another night is over
Another day is dawning
Touch me,
It is so easy to leave me
All alone with the memory
Of my days in the sun
If you'll touch me,
You'll understand what happiness is
Look, a new day has begun...
Midnight
Not a sound from the pavement
Has the moon lost her memory
She is smiling alone
In the lamp light
The withered leaves collect at my feet
And the wind begins to moan
Memory
All alone in the moonlight
I can smile like the old days
I was beautiful, then I remember
The time I knew what happiness was
Let the memory live again
Every street lamp seems to beat
A fatalistic warning
Someone mutters and the street lamp gutters
And soon it will be morning
Daylight
I must wait for the sun rise
I must think for the new life
And I mustn't give in
When the dawn comes
Tonight will be a memory too
And the new day will begin
Burnt out ends of smoky days
The stale cold smell of morning
A street lamp dies
Another night is over
Another day is dawning
Touch me !
It's so easy to leave me
All alone with my memory
Of my days in the sun
If you touch me
You'll understand what happiness is
I'm walking on the dark ice of the North
The end of my journey is near
Every step is a wound
While dust is my death bed
The white sun
Is touching me
Freezing my blood
My pale face
The world goes away
I'm walking on the red snow of the East
I can see monstrous shapes under the ice
Wriggling in paroxysm of pain
In agony, madness and rage
Memory is already - dead
Future dead - as well
Faith without - good deeds
The old world - is gone
Our life is bound to die
Death's chill
Will get me
Will freeze my blood
Will suck my face
Will throw me down
I'm walking in the dead woods of the South
No one has won
The holy earth is dying
Asleep under the whip of ice
Helpless and naked
You're on your own this time
This time you're on your own
I can't believe I let you do this to me(us)
Taken advantage of forced "I love you"
And broken goodbyes
Love is such a game to you
Love is such a game
One more time for love
One more time for our memory.
One more time for love.
One more time for us.
Well oh remember that day, average and gray, you came to me and then
I heard a kindness like a memory I once felt on a passing wind
Oh but the kindness I've known
From street and stone they still resound your presence and animation
No not negation or affirmation, but positivity and creation
Oh but the kindness I've known
Not destruction but creation in the waning hearts you mended
But the spark of connection that fills the soul when simply you're befriended
Oh but the kindness I've known
As well I knew in such freedom grew also isolation
Of the pain of knowing so very few who'ld not desire your captivation
Oh but the kindness I've known
Your love and true and pure desire tireless, endless and sad
I wonder now would I be the same if I'd left what if I had
Oh but the kindness I've known
To discover to the world what I know of you and not unattainable song
That would glorify your attributes like we've done all along
There's a lot more to you than song
and pedistals they cannot describe the torment you've been through
And banishment cannot consumate the frustration and monotony we knew
And song will never ever portray the wonder that you've known
But lyric sticks here like a timeline and it's a mark to show we've gone
Oh but the kindness I've known
So I'll represent this kindness since all else is extoled and present how it does thrive
Like the care and nourishment long forgot in infancy that kept us alive
Lethal environment does not always justify reactionary violent behavior
For striking down malevolence takes it's place and our timeline read the same here
Oh but the kindness I've known
Oh this kindness is what the great search is for not wisdom or divining
Our subconsionce recognizes it's safe guard form birth
To keep our self absorbed frustrated minds from grinding
Oh but the kindness I've known
Yasashii kazeni fukare yume dake o daiteitai,
Yawarakai kuki dake munenishi matte okitai,
Mattsugu aruketsu taiyo o mitsuketa no,
Oshierare tahon ni wa nani hitotsu kakera sae,
Mitsu kerarena katta kedo,
Nemuru toki sae sugosenai kurai,
Sukitoru namida sae iro wo tsuketakute nani ga o sagashita,
Tsumetai kaze ni fukare hitori de furueteru toki,
Oto dake wo kitte ta wa hikari to kage wo mitsumete,
Mayotte hashiresu kumotta yami no okuni,
Sugata ha mienakutemo kanjiteru sonzai ka,
Kawaita nodo wo uru o suno,
Yoru ni obiete tori ka naku goro,
Nagashita namida sae itsuka ha kawakutedo hitori jana mena no,
Ashiato noko shite yuku no "asu ha kanarazu kuru wa kitto",
Kara mawari shita kioku ha kagi o tsumete nemura seta,
Yubiori oshiete ha nani ga o sagashita,
Kara mawari shita kioku o tsutete dowao hiraku kara,
Midnight, not a sound on the pavement
has the moon lost her memory
she is smiling alone
in the lamplight, the withered leaves collect at my feet, and the wind begins to moan.
memory, all alone in the moonlight
I can smile at the old days
I was beautiful then
I remember a time I knew what happiness was
let the memory live again
every streetlamp seems to beat a fatalistic warning
someone mutters in the streetlamp gutters
and soon it will be morning
daylight, I must wait for the sunrise
I must think of a new life
and I musn't give in
when the dawn comes tonight will be a memory too
and a new day will beginanother day is dawning
touch me, it's so easy to leave me
all alone with the memory
burnt out ends of smokey days
the stale cold smell of warning
the streetlamp dies
another night is over
of my days in the sun
if you touch me, you'll understand what happiness is
look a new day has begun
While I'm finding ways to bring you closer
They take you further
Fast, passing somewhere
Every minute going nowhere, going nowhere
All I've got is a memory to hang on to
One I can't leave behind
All I believe is confused
But we can set it straight
Together a better design
What is wrong inside
You can't see within, I can't see without
Thousand reasons why
In your absence I've got no sense
All I've got is a memory to hang on to
One I can't leave behind
All I believe is confused
But we can set it straight
She stood on the tracks
Waving her arms
Leading me to that third rail shock
Quick as a wink
She changed her mind
She gave me a night
That's all it was
What will it take until I stop
Kidding myself
Wasting my time
There's nothing else I can do
'Cause I'm doing it all for Leyna
I don't want anyone new
'Cause I'm living it all for Leyna
There's nothing in it for you
'Cause I'm giving it all to Leyna
We laid on the beach
Watching the tide
She didn't tell me there were rocks
Under the waves
Right off the shore
Washed up on the sand
Barely alive
Wishing the undertow would stop
How can a man take anymore
There's nothing else I can do
'Cause I'm doing it all for Leyna
I don't want anyone new
'Cause I'm living it all for Leyna
There's nothing in it for you
'Cause I'm giving it all to Leyna
I'm failing in school
Losing my friends
Making my family lose their minds
I don't want to eat
I don't want to sleep
I only want Leyna one more time
Now I'm in my room
Watching the tube
Telling myself she still may drop
Over to say
She's changed her mind
So, I wait in the dark
Listening for her,
Instead of my old man saying stop...
Kidding yourself,
Wasting your time
There's nothing else I can do
'Cause I'm doing it all for Leyna
I don't want anyone new
'Cause I'm living it all for Leyna
There's nothing in it for you
'Cause I'm giving it all to Leyna
All for Leyna
All for Leyna
Memory hide and seek halloween men or me
You decide what's on the mind coming in from
The other side look what you done to me
Following following look what you done to me
Shadowing shallowing
The other side
I knew you first
I loved you first
I am the first
Pokin naked Ruthie with a sharp-end stick shit
I am mean
Memory hide see halloween you know me
Look what you done to me following following
Look what you done to me sallow and shallowing
The other side
I knew you first
I loved you first
I am yr curse
You decide what's the mind coming in from the
This may never start
We could fall apart
And I'd be your memory
Lost your sense of fear
Feelings insincere
Can I be your memory?
So get back, back, back to where we last stand
Just like I imagine. I could never feel this way
So get back, back, back to the disaster
My heart's beating faster
Holding on to feel the same
This may never start
I'll tear us apart
Cannot be your enemy
Losing half a year
Waiting for you here
I'd be your anything
So get back, back, back to where we last stand
Just like I imagine. I could never feel this way
So get back, back, back to the disaster
My heart's beating faster
Holding on to feel the same
This may never start
Tearing out my heart
I'd be your memory
Lost your sense of fear
(I'd be your memory)
Feelings disappear
Can I be your memory?
So get back, back, back to where we last stand
Just like I imagine. I could never feel this way
So get back, back, back to the disaster
My heart's beating faster
Holding on to feel the same
This could never start
We could fall apart
And I'd be your memory
Lost your sense of fear
Feelings insincere
Can I be your memory? [x2]
Daylight
See the dew on the sunflower
And a rose that is fading
Roses whither away
Like the sunflower
I yearn to turn my face to the dawn
I am waiting for the day . . .
Midnight
Not a sound from the pavement
Has the moon lost her memory?
She is smiling alone
In the lamplight
The withered leaves collect at my feet
And the wind begins to moan
Memory
All alone in the moonlight
I can smile at the old days
I was beautiful then
I remember the time I knew what happiness was
Let the memory live again
Every streetlamp
Seems to beat a fatalistic warning
Someone mutters
And the streetlamp gutters
And soon it will be morning
Daylight
I must wait for the sunrise
I must think of a new life
And I musn't give in
When the dawn comes
Tonight will be a memory too
And a new day will begin
Burnt out ends of smoky days
The stale cold smell of morning
The streetlamp dies, another night is over
Another day is dawning
Touch me
It's so easy to leave me
All alone with the memory
Of my days in the sun
If you touch me
You'll understand what happiness is
Look
Everything dead, dead between us comes alive
And what I say will end up stinging in my own eyes
Under this dark, dark conscience I still strive
I've cried a pool of fear and into this I dive
Lift up your head if you're asleep
Lay down your head if you're awake
It fades away when you're away
But I'm anemic when I'm happy
I loose my way everyday
My memories of time are empty
It fades away when you're away
SILLABUB:
Daylight, see the dew on the sunflower
And a rose that is fading
Roses wither away
Like the sunflower I yearn to turn my face to the dawn
I am waiting for the day
MUNKUSTRAP:
Now Old Deuteronomy, just before dawn
Through a silence you feel you could cut with a knife
Announces the cat who can now be reborn
And come back to a different Jellicle life
GRIZABELLA:
Memory, turn your face to the moonlight
Let your memory lead you
Open up, enter in
If you find there the meaning of what happiness is
Then a new life will begin
Memory, all alone in the moonlight
I can smile at the old days
I was beautiful then
I remember the time I knew what happiness was
Let the memory live again
Burnt out ends of smokey days
The stale cold smell of morning
The street lamp dies, another night is over
Another day is dawning
Daylight, I must wait for the sunrise
I must think of a new life
And I mustn't give in
When the dawn comes tonight will be a memory too
And a new day will begin
SILLABUB:
Sunlight, through the trees in summer
Endless masquerading
GRIZABELLA AND SILLABUB:
Like a flower as the dawn is breaking
GRIZABELLA:
The memory is fading
Touch me, it's so easy to leave me
All alone with the memory
Of my days in the sun
If you touch me you'll understand what happiness is
Look, a new day has begun
Daylight
See the dew on the sunflower
And a rose that is fading
Roses whither away
Like the sunflower
I yearn to turn my face to the dawn
I am waiting for the day . . .
Midnight
Not a sound from the pavement
Has the moon lost her memory?
She is smiling alone
In the lamplight
The withered leaves collect at my feet
And the wind begins to moan
Memory
All alone in the moonlight
I can smile at the old days
I was beautiful then
I remember the time I knew what happiness was
Let the memory live again
Every streetlamp
Seems to beat a fatalistic warning
Someone mutters
And the streetlamp gutters
And soon it will be morning
Daylight
I must wait for the sunrise
I must think of a new life
And I musn't give in
When the dawn comes
Tonight will be a memory too
And a new day will begin
Burnt out ends of smoky days
The stale cold smell of morning
The streetlamp dies, another night is over
Another day is dawning
Touch me
It's so easy to leave me
All alone with the memory
Of my days in the sun
If you touch me
You'll understand what happiness is
Look
A new day has begun
Midnight
Not a sound from the pavement
Has the moon lost her memory?
She is smiling alone
In the lamplight
The withered leaves collect at my feet
And the wind begins to moan
Memory
All alone in the moonlight
I can smile at the old days
I was beautiful then
I remember the time I knew what happiness was
Let the memory live again
Every streetlamp
Seems to beat a fatalistic warning
Someone mutters
And the streetlamp gutters
And soon it will be morning
Daylight
I must wait for the sunrise
I must think of a new life
And I musn't give in
When the dawn comes
Tonight will be a memory too
And a new day will begin
Burnt out ends of smoky days
The stale cold smell of morning
The streetlamp dies, another night is over
Another day is dawning
Touch me
It's so easy to leave me
All alone with the memory
Of my days in the sun
If you touch me
You'll understand what happiness is
Look
Midnight, not a sound from the pavement
Has the moon lost her memory
She is smiling alone
In the lamplight, the withered leaves collect at my feet
And the wind begins to moan
Memory, all alone in the moonlight
I can smile at the old days
It was beautiful then
I remember the time I knew what happiness was
Let the memory live again
Daylight, I must wait for the sunrise
I must think of a new life
And I mustn't give in
When the dawn comes tonight will be a memory too
And the new day will begin
Burnt out ends of smoky days
The stale cold smell of morning
The street lamp dies
Another night is over
Another day is dawning
Touch me, it's so easy to leave me
All alone with the memory
Of my day in the sun
If you touch me you'll understand what happiness is
Look a new day has begun
Memory, all alone in the moonlight
I can smile at the old days
It was beautiful then
I remember the time I knew what happiness was
Let the memory live again
Midnight, not a sound from the pavement
Has the moon lost her memory?
She is smiling alone in the lamplight
The withered leaves collect at my feet
And the wind begins to moan
Memory all alone in the moonlight
I can smile happy your days
( I can dream of the old days)
Life was beautiful then
I remember the time
I knew what happiness was
Let the memory live again
Every street lamp seems to beat
A fatalistic warning
Someone mutters
And the street lamp gutters
And soon it will be morning
Daylight
I must wait for the sunrise
I must think of a new life
And I mustn't give in
When the dawn comes
Tonight will be a memory too
And a new day will begin
Burnt out ends of smoky days
The still cold smell of morning
A street lamp dies ,another night is over
Another day is dawning, touch me
It is so easy to leave me
All alone with the memory
Of my days in the sun
If you touch me
You'll understand what happiness is
Midnight
Not a sound from the pavement
Has the moon lost her memory?
She is smiling alone
In the lamplight,
The withered leaves collect at my feet
And the wind
Begins to moan
Memory
All alone in the moonlight
I can smile at the old days
I was beautiful then
I remember
The time I knew what happiness was
Let the memory
Live again
Every street lamp seems to beat
A fatalistic warning
Someone mutters
And a street lamp gutters
And soon, it will be morning
Daylight
I must wait for the sunrise
I must think of a new life
And I mustn't give in
When the dawn comes
Tonight will be a memory too
And a new life will begin
Burnt out ends
Of smokey days
The stale cold smell of morning
The street lamp dies
Another night is over
Another day is dawing
Touch me
It's so easy to leave me
All alone with my memory
Of my days in the sun
If you touch me
You'll understand what happiness is
Falk
Oh, I dare not to sleep anymore
Cause I see her face in every nightmare
In all the windows of my haunted house
And when I dream a dream of flowers
I wake up in my hand a bloody rose
'Blood shall come upon you'
So she spoke to me
Never knew she'd come back
Now she's on my dreams
From the faces in my dream
From an evil memory
As foretold in their prediction
From the faces in my dream
They are coming back for me
As it was told in their prediction
Is it just a dream
Or just a wicked memory ... Oh
Now I see her coming on her besom...
The smell of brimstone
And the mark of the beast
From the open window
Is it just a dream
As she's pulling out the dagger to stab
A thousand times into my hurting breast
Wake up from the nightmare
Screaming when I see her stand
with the face of Jakob
A bloody dagger in her hand
From the faces in my dream
From an evil memory
As foretold in their prediction
From the faces in my dream
They are coming back for me
As it was told in their prediction
Is it just a dream
Gabriel
Maybe his conscience
Will send him a dream in his dreams
If I only knew - oh Anna -
If his soul also came free
Or maybe if Jakob
Would talk to the bailiff for you
I can't come for you
I don't know how many souls were set free
To start a rebellion, don't know if I'll still have to flee
Solo: Jens Ludwig
Oh that faces in my dream...
From the faces in my dream
That look on your face
You're breathing at night
I'm counting the days
and the tears that I cry
You said that you love me
Every word is a lie
I wanted you near me
And now it's goodbye
I'm feeling so deep
I'm feeling so wrong
You better believe me
That love's made me strong
The way you deceived me
I've gotta move on
Now that you're gone
It's only...
Memory, memory, memory
It's all over the top now
Memory, memory, memory
And I need it to stop now
It's only...
Memory, memory, memory
It's all over the top now
Memory, memory, memory
And I need it to stop now
Oh yeah
A moment together
Is an hour alone
A change of direct
Means that I'm at fault
One second of hope
Is a week of regret
The curse of the mind
Is that it never forgets
I'm feeling so deep
I'm feeling so wrong
You better believe me
That love's made me strong
The way you deceived me
I've gotta move on
Now that you're gone
It's only...
Memory, memory, memory
It's all over the top now
Memory, memory, memory
Midnight
Not a sound from the pavement
Has the moon lost her memory?
She is smiling alone
In the lamplight
The withered leaves collect at my feet
And the wind begins to moan
Memory
All alone in the moonlight
I can smile at the old days
I was beautiful then
I remember the time I knew what happiness was
Let the memory live again
Every streetlamp
Seems to beat a fatalistic warning
Someone mutters
And the streetlamp gutters
And soon it will be morning
Daylight
I must wait for the sunrise
I must think of a new life
And I musn't give in
When the dawn comes
Tonight will be a memory too
And a new day will begin
Burnt out ends of smoky days
The stale cold smell of morning
The streetlamp dies, another night is over
Another day is dawning
Touch me
It's so easy to leave me
All alone with the memory
Of my days in the sun
If you touch me
You'll understand what happiness is
Midnight
Not a sound from the pavement
Has the moon lost her memory
She is smiling alone
In the lamplight
The withered leaves collect at my feet
And the wind begins to moan
Memory
All alone in the moonlight
I can dream of the old days
Life was beautiful then
I remember the time I knew what happiness was
Let the memory live again
Every street lamp seems to beat
A fatalistic warning
Someone mutters and the street lamp sputters
And soon it will be morning
Daylight
I must wait for the sunrise
I must think of a new life
And I musn't give in
When the dawn comes
Tonight will be a memory too
And a new day will begin
Burnt out ends of smoky days
The STALE cold smell of morning
A street lamp dies, another night is over
Another day is dawning
Touch me,
It's so easy to leave me
All alone with my memory
Of my days in the sun
If you touch me,
You'll understand what happiness IS
Look, a new day has begun...
Medianoche
No es un sonido de la acera
La luna ha perdido su memoria
Ella está sonriendo sola
En el lamplight
El recoger las hojas secas a mis pies
Y el viento empieza a gemir
Memoria
Solo la luz de la luna
Puedo soñar con los viejos tiempos
Entonces la vida era hermosa
Recuerdo el momento en que sabía lo que era la felicidad
Deje que la memoria de vivir de nuevo
Cada lámpara de la calle parece golpear
Una advertencia fatalista
Alguien refunfuña y lámpara de la calle sputters
Y pronto será mañana
La luz del día
Tengo que esperar a la salida del sol
Tengo que pensar en una nueva vida
Y yo en dar musn't
Cuando llega el amanecer
Esta noche será un recuerdo demasiado
Y un nuevo día comenzará
Quemado extremos de humo días
El olor de STALE frío por la mañana
Una lámpara muere, otra noche más
Otro día amanece
Me toque,
Es tan fácil dejarme
Solo con mi memoria
De mis días en el sol
Si me toque,
Usted entiende lo es la felicidad
Mira, un nuevo día ha comenzado ...
I still remember the sound of your voice calling out my
name
And I still remember my face examining itself, knowing
things would never be the same
I still remember your smiling face across a crowded
room
And I still remember, through the weathering of time,
that first embrace that sealed our doom
Your eyes stare at me, from every storefront
And your voice calls to me from every restaurant
And your laughter pierces me as I stand beneath the
open sky
And your absence murders me as I sleep perchance to die
Seems like to escape is what I ought to do
But every road I take brings me back to you
I am frozen in the moment
clinging to your memory
And I don’t want the ignorance that a spotless mind
would bring
But I’m scared my dying breath may be your name
It’s just like I sang to you – everyone knows that we
live in a world
Where people give bad names to beautiful things
And if it’s really true that people should leave once
they’ve
Got what they came for, I certainly hope that you’re
holding it close to you now
I am frozen in the moment
clinging to your memory
And I don’t want the ignorance that a spotless mind
would bring
But I’m scared my dying breath may be your name
I still remember the sunlight on your face that warm
November day
And I still remember, my heartbeat quickened by desire,
unaware of prices I would pay
I still remember the closing door the night we said
goodbye
And I still remember losing you for good and knowing
that a part of me had died
Seems like to escape is what I ought to do
But every road I take brings me back to you
I am frozen in the moment
(Please do not forget me)
clinging to your memory
('Cause I will not forget you)
And I don’t want the ignorance that a spotless mind
would bring
But I’m scared my dying breath may be your name
Please let me be frozen in the moment
Let me hold on to those memories
And I pray that things will be alright
and I pray you’ll think of me tonight
And I know somehow I’ll be alright
And I hope that you’re the same…
I roamed beyond laws of time.
Severed from beacons of light.
The agony of the unknown.
Navigate through the smoke.
A sister lays with a brave heart.
Ground vibrates, birds flee and soar.
Sweet lady fly you are free.
Bound by blood always be with me.
I'll wait for spring, her throne will shine again.
Trees sit stripped of leaves.
The morning freeze eats me.
Rowed my boat out to sea.
Her memory is in me.
Fading land draped in white.
Endless waves caught my eye.
Drifting beneath the forsaken sky.
This is me getting over you
This is the best that I can do.
This is me letting go
The last to know
Mistakes you can't undo
This is me burning photographs
This is me filling in the gaps
This is how it has to be
The last to see
The best of me is found
Everything about you
Is like a memory
It's like everything you said
You never said to me
Head in the clouds
It was love
I'd mistaken for falling down
I was holding onto something that
I thought could be
The greatest love song of the century
Left me alone to pick up
Every piece of the mess you made of me
You're the very worst part of me
This is you wishing it's not true
This is doing all that you can do
This is me walking out
Removing doubt
The things I never knew
This is how it feels to know you're wrong
This is understanding all along
This is all I have to know
I told you so
It comes and goes around
I miss the smell of alcohol
And falling apart
And now I'm patient
Waiting for your call
Is breaking my heart
Now it's losing its appeal
How always think it's weird how I worry
'cause I worry
And I've been known to judge
A person by their matter of fact
But don't you bother with equations
'cause I'm finished with that
Like how me minus you equals me completely
(me minus you equals me completely [x4])
Midnight, not a sound from the pavement
Has the moon lost her memory? She is smiling alone
In the the lamp light, the withered leaves collect at my feet
And the wind begins to moan
Memory, all alone in the moonlight
I can smile at the old days, I was beautiful then
I remember the time I knew what happiness was
Let the memory live again
Every street lamp seems to beat a fatalistic warning
Someone mutters and a street lamp gutters
And soon it will be morning
Day light, I must wait for the sunrise
I must think of a new life and I mustn't give in
When the dawn comes tonight will be a memory too
And a new day will begin
Burnt out ends of a smoky days
The stale cold smell of morning
The street lamp dies, another night is over
Another day is dawning
Touch me it's so easy to leave me
All alone with the memory of my days in the sun
If you touch me you'll understand what happiness is
Midnight, not a sound from the pavement
Has the moon lost her memory?
She is smiling alone
In the lamp light the withered leaves collect at my feet
And the wind begins to moan
Memory, all alone in the moonlight
I can smile at the old days
I was beautiful then
I remember the time i knew what happiness was
Let the memory live again
Every street lamp seems to beat a fatalistic warning
someone mutters and a street lamp gutters
and soon it will be morning
Day light, i must wait for the sunrise
i must think of a new life
and i mustn't give in
when the dawn comes tonight will be a memory too
and a new day will begin
burnt out ends of a smoky days
the stale cold smell of morning
the street lamp dies,
another night is over
another day is dawning
touch me.
it's so easy to leave me
all alone with the memory
of my days in the sun
IF you touch me you'll understand what happiness is
Midnight
Not a sound from the pavement
Has the moon lost her memory?
She is smiling alone
In the lamplight
The withered leaves collect at my feet
And the wind begins to moan
Memory
All alone in the moonlight
I can smile at the old days
I was beautiful then
I remember the time I knew what happiness was
Let the memory live again
Every streetlamp
Seems to beat a fatalistic warning
Someone mutters
And the streetlamp gutters
And soon it will be morning
Daylight
I must wait for the sunrise
I must think of a new life
And I musn't give in
When the dawn comes
Tonight will be a memory too
And a new day will begin
Burnt out ends of smoky days
The stale cold smell of morning
The streetlamp dies, another night is over
Another day is dawning
Touch me
It's so easy to leave me
All alone with the memory
Of my days in the sun
If you touch me
You'll understand what happiness is
Look
It doesn't pay to try,
All the smart boys know why,
It doesn't mean I didn't try,
I just never know why.
Feel so cold and all alone,
Cause baby, you're not at home.
And when I'm home
Big deal, I'm still alone.
Feel so restless, I am,
Beat my head against a pole
Try to knock some sense,
down in my bones.
And even though they don't show,
The scars aren't so old
And when they go,
They let you know
You can't put your arms around a memory
You can't put your arms around a memory
You can't put your arms around a memory
Don't try, don't try
You're just a bastard kid,
And you got no name
Cause you're living with me,
We're one and the same
And even though they dont show,
They scars aren't so old
And when they go,
They let you know
You can't put your arms around a memory
You can't put your arms around a memory
You can't put your arms around a memory
Don't try, don't try
You can't put your arms around a memory
You can't put your arms around a memory
You can't put your arms around a memory
Featuring: Christina Milian, Jackie Boyz
[Jackie Boyz:]
I wanted to call the other day,
To see if you're still might think of me,
Cause my life ain't been the same
Since we're on separate ways, yeah, yeah, yeah!
But still inside I need you,
Your life, your breath I breathe you,
Wish you were right here with me now!
Chorus:
So how do you know when it's time to let go?
And throw away everything what you we're fighting for.
How do you deal with a love that's so real
And give up on what was meant to be,
Not just another memory?
Just another just another memory!
Just another just another memory!
[Christina Milian:]
I'm hearing everything you say,
And every ... I feel the same way,
Your voice keeps on coming,
And if I could, I would bring back yesterday!
Cause still inside I need you,
You're like the air I breath you,
Wish you were right here with me now!
[Jackie Boyz &Christina; Milian:]
Chorus:
So how do you know when it's time to let go?
And throw away everything what you we're fighting for.
How do you deal with a love that's so real
And give up on what was meant to be,
Not just another memory?
Just another just another memory!
Just another just another memory!
Come back to me!
Come back to me! (x4)
[Christina Milian:]
Chorus:
So how do you know when it's time to let go?
And throw away everything what you we're fighting for.
How do you deal with a love that's so real
And give up on what was meant to be,
Not just another memory?
Just another just another memory!
Midnight
Not a sound from the pavement
Has the moon lost her memory?
She is smiling alone
In the lamplight
The withered leaves collect at my feet
And the wind begins to moan
Memory
All alone in the moonlight
I can smile at the old days
I was beautiful then
I remember the time I knew what happiness was
Let the memory live again
Every streetlamp
Seems to beat a fatalistic warning
Someone mutters
And the streetlamp gutters
And soon it will be morning
Daylight
I must wait for the sunrise
I must think of a new life
And I musn't give in
When the dawn comes
Tonight will be a memory too
And a new day will begin
Burnt out ends of smoky days
The stale cold smell of morning
The streetlamp dies, another night is over
Another day is dawning
Touch me
It's so easy to leave me
All alone with the memory
Of my days in the sun
If you touch me
You'll understand what happiness is
Look
?Midnight, not a sound from the pavement
Has the moon lost her memory
She is shining alone.
In the lamplight the whithered leaves collect at my feet
And the wind begins to moan.
Daylight, see the dew on the sunflower
And a rose that is fading
Roses wither away
Like the sunflower I yearn to turn my face to the dawn
I am waiting for the day
Now Old Deuteronomy, just before dawn
Through a silence you feel you could cut with a knife
Announces the cat who can now be reborn
And come back to a different jellicle life
Memory, turn your face to the moonlight
Let your memory lead you
Open up, enter in
If you find there the meaning of what happiness is
Then a new life will begin
Memory, all alone in the moonlight
I can smile at the old days
I was beautiful then
I remember the time I knew what happiness was
Let the memory live again
Burnt out ends of smokey days
The stale cold smell of morning
The streetlamp dies, another night is over
Another day is dawning
Daylight, I must wait for the sunrise
I must think of a new life
And I mustn't give in
When the dawn comes tonight will be a memory too
And a new day will begin
Sunlight, through the trees in the summer
Endless masquerading
Like a flower as the dawn is breaking
The memory is fading
Touch me, it's so easy to leave me
All alone with the memory
Of my days in the sun
If you touch me you'll understand what happiness is
I don't think I am ready
And I don't think this is right.
My heart has grown heavy
And I can't sleep at night,
Since you left me all alone
And on my own.
Oh memory, oh memory
Come back to me, come back to me tonight
And set me free.
And I'll tell you everything on my mind.
I'm sorry for wasting your time
It won't happen again.
And I'll say, whatever I need to say,
If you promise that you'll stay
And waste away with me
Come waste the days with me.
And oh my God, this is the sweetest sin
Oh my God, look what a mess I'm in.
I never though I'd get this far
But I'm giving up, I'm letting go
I'm begging you to take control
Cause I just can't hold on.
And my memory, my memory
Is failing me, it's failing me
And I, I can't breathe.
But I'll tell you everything on my mind,
I'm sorry for wasting your time
It won't happen again.
And I'll say, whatever I need to say.
If you promise that you'll stay
And waste away with me
Come waste away with me.
I've got these problems on my mind,
These seconds turn to hours with this lover on the line.
Sign my name with x and o's this time.
I've got problems on my mind,
These seconds turn to hours with this lover on the line.
Sign my name with x and o's this time.
Will you catch me if I fall?
When you say forever, forever means never.
But I'll keep on calling. [x7]
I Remeber Your Smile More Then Anything Else
Cause You Never Showed Me The Real Side Of Yourself
I Remeber Your Pain The Way That I Felt
I Regret The Day I Ever Had To Ask You For Help
I've Had My Ups And I've Had My Downs (Down, Down Down)
And I'll Never Make That Mistake Again
When I Was Up, You Dragged Me Down (Down, Down Down)
And I'll Never Let You Back In
You Are Nothing More Than A Memory
A Memory
You Are Nothing More Than A Memory (Your Nothing More)
A Memory
(Your Nothing More Than A Memory)
You Remeber The Days
You Wanted Me By Your Side
Always Thought That It Was Real
It Was All Just A Lie
And It Hurts Me To Say, But I'm Dying Inside
I Don't Even Know You, Girl I Know Your Disguise
I've Had My Ups And I've Had My Downs (Down, Down Down)
And I'll Never Make That Mistake Again
When I Was Up, You Dragged Me Down (Down, Down Down)
And I'll Never Let You Back In
You Are Nothing More Than A Memory (You Are)
A Memory (Remeber Me)
You Are Nothing More Than A Memory (Your Nothing More)
A Memory
(Nothing More Than A Memory)
You Are Just A, You Are Just A
You Are Just A Memory
You Are Just A, You Are Just A
You Are Just A Memory
You Are Just A, You Are Just A
You Are Just A Memory
You Are Just A, You Are Just A
You Are Just A Memory
I've Had My Ups And I've Had My Downs (Down, Down Down)
And I'll Never Make That Mistake Again
When I Was Up, You Dragged Me Down (Down, Down Down)
And I'll Never Let You Back In
(I'll Never Let You Back In)
You Are Nothing More Than A Memory (You're Nothing More)
A Memory (You're Nothing More Then A Memory)
You Are Nothing More Than A Memory (Do You Remeber)
A Memory
You are so fixed with yourself
That you can't behold your life passing you by
Wake up brisk before you vanity breaks you
Open your eyes while you still can
When you need me - just before the memory you
Hear my voice coming through your mind
When you need me - just before the memory
Hear my voice coming through your mind
Your friends suffocated by your ego
Your siblings haven't known you for a long time
Even death refuses to tread on your doorstep
Ensued the false passage all your life
When you need me - just before the memory you
Hear my voice coming through your mind
When you need me - just before the memory
Hear my voice coming through your mind
No one here that misses you again
No one here to show you how to fly
Have no respect for life
Have no reverence for death
Mercy a world used by losers
Pain and sorrow gifts from heaven
Never will you love
Midnight
Not a sound from the pavement
Has the moon lost her memory?
She is smiling alone
In the lamplight
The withered leaves collect at my feet
And the wind begins to moan
Memory
All alone in the moonlight
I can smile at the old days
I was beautiful then
I remember
The time I knew what happiness was
Let the memory live again
Every street lamp
Seems to beat a fatalistic warning
Someone mutters at the street lamp gutters
And soon it will be morning
Daylight
I must wait for the sunrise
I must think of a new life
And I mustn't give in
When the dawn comes
Tonight will be a memory too
And a new day will begin
Burnt out ends of smoky days
The stale cold smell of morning
A street lamp dies, another night is over
Another day is dawning
Touch me
It's so easy to leave me
All alone with my memory
Of my days in the sun
If you touch me
You'll understand what happiness is
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Cats Musical - Memory
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
Cats is an award-winning musical composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber based on Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats and other poems by TS Eliot. The show has been performed around the world in numerous productions and has been translated into more than 20 languages.
http://wn.com/Cats_Musical_Memory
Cats is an award-winning musical composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber based on Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats and other poems by TS Eliot. The show has been performed around the world in numerous productions and has been translated into more than 20 languages.
Memory - Elaine Paige (from Cats )
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:15
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
Memory from the musical 'Cats' sung by Elaine Paige.
http://wn.com/Memory_Elaine_Paige_from_Cats_
Memory from the musical 'Cats' sung by Elaine Paige.
- published: 19 Nov 2007
- views: 1559849
- author: amethyst2001
Barbra Streisand - HD STEREO - Memory - CC for lyrics
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:02
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
Anna May Wong Women's League - Barbra Streisand. While the best elements available were used, HD is only as good as the original source. Closed Captioned lyrics. Anna May Wong is not in this video. This video is parked here by fans of Anna May Wong for it's special merit. The Anna May Wong Society. Filmed in London (suburb) at Olympic Studios (with NYC overlays) September 1981 (while working pre-production for Yentl). The take is live and is the acclaimed released recording. Behind a nervous Barbra is full symphony orchestra with Lloyd Webber conducting (no studio tricks on this one).
http://wn.com/Barbra_Streisand_HD_STEREO_Memory_CC_for_lyrics
Anna May Wong Women's League - Barbra Streisand. While the best elements available were used, HD is only as good as the original source. Closed Captioned lyrics. Anna May Wong is not in this video. This video is parked here by fans of Anna May Wong for it's special merit. The Anna May Wong Society. Filmed in London (suburb) at Olympic Studios (with NYC overlays) September 1981 (while working pre-production for Yentl). The take is live and is the acclaimed released recording. Behind a nervous Barbra is full symphony orchestra with Lloyd Webber conducting (no studio tricks on this one).
- published: 11 Jan 2009
- views: 3151133
- author: AnnaMayWongSociety
Mayday Parade - The Memory
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:15
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
love love loveeeee. NO COPYRIGHT INTENDED
http://wn.com/Mayday_Parade_The_Memory
love love loveeeee. NO COPYRIGHT INTENDED
- published: 23 May 2010
- views: 1751076
- author: lolwtfmeghan
In Memory of Ava
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:06
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
www.untanglingknots.com Tribute to Sweet Baby Ava. Born April 14th, 2005 Died April 14th, 2005
http://wn.com/In_Memory_of_Ava
www.untanglingknots.com Tribute to Sweet Baby Ava. Born April 14th, 2005 Died April 14th, 2005
- published: 02 Oct 2006
- views: 912553
- author: kcadeau
HD/HQ Susan Boyle - Memory from Cats - Britains Got Talent 2009 Semi Final Show 1 Season 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:07
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
watchbritainsgottalent.blogspot.com - for 2011 audition news
http://wn.com/HD_HQ_Susan_Boyle_Memory_from_Cats_Britains_Got_Talent_2009_Semi_Final_Show_1_Season_3
watchbritainsgottalent.blogspot.com - for 2011 audition news
- published: 24 May 2009
- views: 11540226
- author: jamiepughblog
Memory - Barbra Streisand
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:56
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
Midnight, Not a sound from the pavement Has the moon lost her memory? She is smiling alone. In the lamplight, The withered leaves collect at my feet, And the wind begins to moan. Memory, All alone in the moonlight, I can dream of the old days Life was beautiful then I remember the time I knew what happiness was. Let the memory live again. Every street lamp seems to beat A fatalistic warning. Someone mutters and the street lamp gutters And soon it will be morning. Daylight, I must wait for the sunrise, I must think of a new life And I musn't give in. When the dawn comes, Tonight will be a memory too And a new day will begin. Burnt out ends of smoky days, The stale cold smell of morning. A street lamp dies, Another night is over, Another day is dawning. Touch me, It's so easy to leave me All alone with the memory Of my days in the sun. If you touch me, You'll understand what happiness is. Look, a new day has begun.
http://wn.com/Memory_Barbra_Streisand
Midnight, Not a sound from the pavement Has the moon lost her memory? She is smiling alone. In the lamplight, The withered leaves collect at my feet, And the wind begins to moan. Memory, All alone in the moonlight, I can dream of the old days Life was beautiful then I remember the time I knew what happiness was. Let the memory live again. Every street lamp seems to beat A fatalistic warning. Someone mutters and the street lamp gutters And soon it will be morning. Daylight, I must wait for the sunrise, I must think of a new life And I musn't give in. When the dawn comes, Tonight will be a memory too And a new day will begin. Burnt out ends of smoky days, The stale cold smell of morning. A street lamp dies, Another night is over, Another day is dawning. Touch me, It's so easy to leave me All alone with the memory Of my days in the sun. If you touch me, You'll understand what happiness is. Look, a new day has begun.
- published: 10 Jun 2008
- views: 2207857
- author: eowynprincsold
Understanding Memory
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:48
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
Author: Darek Prochaska Class: Psychology 100 Assignment: Final Project School: Metropolitan State University Instructor: Michael Earhart, MA, LP Due Date: 12/16/07
http://wn.com/Understanding_Memory
Author: Darek Prochaska Class: Psychology 100 Assignment: Final Project School: Metropolitan State University Instructor: Michael Earhart, MA, LP Due Date: 12/16/07
- published: 15 Dec 2007
- views: 334435
- author: Darek Prochaska
Joshua Foer: Feats of memory anyone can do
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:30
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
www.ted.com There are people who can quickly memorize lists of thousands of numbers, the order of all the cards in a deck (or ten!), and much more. Science writer Joshua Foer describes the technique -- called the memory palace -- and shows off its most remarkable feature anyone can learn how to use it, including him.TEDTalks is a daily video podcast of the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes. Featured speakers have included Al Gore on climate change, Philippe Starck on design, Jill Bolte Taylor on observing her own stroke, Nicholas Negroponte on One Laptop per Child, Jane Goodall on chimpanzees, Bill Gates on malaria and mosquitoes, Pattie Maes on the "Sixth Sense" wearable tech, and "Lost" producer JJ Abrams on the allure of mystery. TED stands for Technology, Entertainment, Design, and TEDTalks cover these topics as well as science, business, development and the arts. Closed captions and translated subtitles in a variety of languages are now available on TED.com, at www.ted.com If you have questions or comments about this or other TED videos, please go to support.ted.com
http://wn.com/Joshua_Foer_Feats_of_memory_anyone_can_do
www.ted.com There are people who can quickly memorize lists of thousands of numbers, the order of all the cards in a deck (or ten!), and much more. Science writer Joshua Foer describes the technique -- called the memory palace -- and shows off its most remarkable feature anyone can learn how to use it, including him.TEDTalks is a daily video podcast of the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes. Featured speakers have included Al Gore on climate change, Philippe Starck on design, Jill Bolte Taylor on observing her own stroke, Nicholas Negroponte on One Laptop per Child, Jane Goodall on chimpanzees, Bill Gates on malaria and mosquitoes, Pattie Maes on the "Sixth Sense" wearable tech, and "Lost" producer JJ Abrams on the allure of mystery. TED stands for Technology, Entertainment, Design, and TEDTalks cover these topics as well as science, business, development and the arts. Closed captions and translated subtitles in a variety of languages are now available on TED.com, at www.ted.com If you have questions or comments about this or other TED videos, please go to support.ted.com
- published: 10 May 2012
- views: 142133
- author: TEDtalksDirector
Cats 19 Grizabella: Memory (Reprise)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:28
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
Cats 19 Grizabella: Memory (Reprise).
http://wn.com/Cats_19_Grizabella_Memory_Reprise
Cats 19 Grizabella: Memory (Reprise).
- published: 23 Aug 2008
- views: 461027
- author: MrMistoffelees666
Memory
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:58
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
Sung by Barry Manilow has lyrics and views of sunset.
http://wn.com/Memory
Sung by Barry Manilow has lyrics and views of sunset.
- published: 07 Nov 2007
- views: 660609
- author: semaj serolf
Memory
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:45
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
Performed by Elaine Paige as Grizabella. From the 'Cats' film.
http://wn.com/Memory
Performed by Elaine Paige as Grizabella. From the 'Cats' film.
- published: 19 Dec 2008
- views: 233441
- author: OfficialRUG
In Memory of Jack Windeler www.TheJackProject.org
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:25
- Updated: 05 Oct 2012
The Jack Windeler Story - Mental Health for the Emerging Adult
http://wn.com/In_Memory_of_Jack_Windeler_wwwTheJackProjectorg
The Jack Windeler Story - Mental Health for the Emerging Adult
- published: 03 Sep 2010
- views: 17255
- author: TheJackProject Eric Windeler
Memory
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:27
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
Betty Buckley singing Memory in the musical Cats
http://wn.com/Memory
Betty Buckley singing Memory in the musical Cats
- published: 05 Jun 2006
- views: 288040
- author: studpup
Grey Matters: Conscious and Unconscious Memory Systems
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 59:00
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Join UCSD's Larry Squire in a fascinating presentation of recent research about memory systems in humans and other mammals. Series: "Grey Matters" [1/2007] [Science] [Show ID: 11951]
http://wn.com/Grey_Matters_Conscious_and_Unconscious_Memory_Systems
Join UCSD's Larry Squire in a fascinating presentation of recent research about memory systems in humans and other mammals. Series: "Grey Matters" [1/2007] [Science] [Show ID: 11951]
- published: 31 Jan 2008
- views: 14141
- author: UCtelevision
In Memory of Korey Sarvas
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:05
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
All the recorded moments I shared with him when he was still alive.
http://wn.com/In_Memory_of_Korey_Sarvas
All the recorded moments I shared with him when he was still alive.
- published: 04 Dec 2011
- views: 28766
- author: kuanjikoda
Epica - Memory
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:59
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
www.minorcortes.com More stuff!! Epica Acoustic Video from DVD "We will take you with us" (2 meter sessie) out 2004.
http://wn.com/Epica_Memory
www.minorcortes.com More stuff!! Epica Acoustic Video from DVD "We will take you with us" (2 meter sessie) out 2004.
- published: 16 Nov 2006
- views: 1734717
- author: mcortes777
In Loving Memory of Brenda & Thalia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:58
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
On Friday, February 24, 2012, at approximately 5:30 pm, the Belvidere community was turned upside down. Brenda Gutierrez, 16, and Thalia Arredondo, 16, were traveling south bound on Rt 76 on their way to a basketball game. The girls lost control of their car and went into the north bound lane, striking an oncoming SUV. Both girls were pronounced dead at the scene. Through this tragedy, the Belvidere community grew stronger, closer. Support showered in from neighboring schools and from across the country. We grabbed the attention of Auburn and the Jonas Brothers. We shared with the world just how brightly Brenda and Thalia shined. These two girls reminded us of a lesson none of us should ever forget. Life is short. No one day is guaranteed. Never take anything for granted. Trust too much. Say "I love you" often. Enjoy every second of this gift we've been given so that one day, when our time comes, we'll know that we didn't hold back; that we've lived a full, wonderful life, and that it's our time to move on to something bigger, greater. One day, when it's our turn to walk up to those pearly white gates, Brenda and Thalia will be there greeting us with open arms, looking just as beautiful and healthy and young as they did on Earth. And we will know that everything was worth it. Rest in Paradise, beautiful angels. We will never forget you. "If you want me to stay, I'll never leave." "I miss all the little things. I never thought that they'd mean everything to me..."
http://wn.com/In_Loving_Memory_of_Brenda_Thalia
On Friday, February 24, 2012, at approximately 5:30 pm, the Belvidere community was turned upside down. Brenda Gutierrez, 16, and Thalia Arredondo, 16, were traveling south bound on Rt 76 on their way to a basketball game. The girls lost control of their car and went into the north bound lane, striking an oncoming SUV. Both girls were pronounced dead at the scene. Through this tragedy, the Belvidere community grew stronger, closer. Support showered in from neighboring schools and from across the country. We grabbed the attention of Auburn and the Jonas Brothers. We shared with the world just how brightly Brenda and Thalia shined. These two girls reminded us of a lesson none of us should ever forget. Life is short. No one day is guaranteed. Never take anything for granted. Trust too much. Say "I love you" often. Enjoy every second of this gift we've been given so that one day, when our time comes, we'll know that we didn't hold back; that we've lived a full, wonderful life, and that it's our time to move on to something bigger, greater. One day, when it's our turn to walk up to those pearly white gates, Brenda and Thalia will be there greeting us with open arms, looking just as beautiful and healthy and young as they did on Earth. And we will know that everything was worth it. Rest in Paradise, beautiful angels. We will never forget you. "If you want me to stay, I'll never leave." "I miss all the little things. I never thought that they'd mean everything to me..."
- published: 25 Feb 2012
- views: 67097
- author: AnonEMous1995
In Memory Of My Micro Preemie!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:41
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
My daughter passed away in March 2008. She lived for 4 months in the NICU. Born at 28 weeks only weighing 13 ounces and 10 inches long. She fought a long hard battle before being called home to our Lord. We love you and miss you baby girl! Love, Mommy and Daddy
http://wn.com/In_Memory_Of_My_Micro_Preemie!
My daughter passed away in March 2008. She lived for 4 months in the NICU. Born at 28 weeks only weighing 13 ounces and 10 inches long. She fought a long hard battle before being called home to our Lord. We love you and miss you baby girl! Love, Mommy and Daddy
- published: 06 Apr 2008
- views: 307432
- author: carlynicoleelliotte
How Does Your Memory Work? Pt.1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:01
- Updated: 26 Nov 2012
You might think that your memory is there to help you remember facts, such as birthdays or shopping lists. If so, you would be very wrong. The ability to travel back in time in your mind is, perhaps, your most remarkable ability, and develops over your lifespan. Horizon takes viewers on an extraordinary journey into the human memory. From the woman who is having her most traumatic memories wiped by a pill, to the man with no memory, this film reveals how these remarkable human stories are transforming our understanding of this unique human ability. The findings reveal the startling truth that everyone is little more than their own memory.
http://wn.com/How_Does_Your_Memory_Work?_Pt1
You might think that your memory is there to help you remember facts, such as birthdays or shopping lists. If so, you would be very wrong. The ability to travel back in time in your mind is, perhaps, your most remarkable ability, and develops over your lifespan. Horizon takes viewers on an extraordinary journey into the human memory. From the woman who is having her most traumatic memories wiped by a pill, to the man with no memory, this film reveals how these remarkable human stories are transforming our understanding of this unique human ability. The findings reveal the startling truth that everyone is little more than their own memory.
- published: 10 Sep 2008
- views: 65161
- author: BastisWifey07
In Memory of Jeffrey "BABY" Drake
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:00
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
October 29th, 2009 15wks gestation my water broke and Baby drake was born to early. I was due April 18th,2010
http://wn.com/In_Memory_of_Jeffrey_BABY_Drake
October 29th, 2009 15wks gestation my water broke and Baby drake was born to early. I was due April 18th,2010
- published: 07 Nov 2009
- views: 2949202
- author: Lacy Drake
Sugarcult - "Memory" Artemis Records
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:40
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
www.BlankTV.com - Sugarcult - "Memory" Like this video? Come see thousands more at the Net's biggest, uncensored, completely diy punk, hardcore, indie and alternative music video site, BlankTV.com! We've got News, Games, Contests and the stuff that we can't show on YouTube! Free! Uncensored! Retarded! BlankTV.com! Director: Chris Mehling Hear the entire new album Lights Out here: sdev2.sugarcult.com Check out the BlankTV official website www.BlankTV.com Follow us on Twitter twitter.com Like us on Facebook: www.facebook.com Thumbs Up, Comment and Subscribe!!
http://wn.com/Sugarcult_Memory_Artemis_Records
www.BlankTV.com - Sugarcult - "Memory" Like this video? Come see thousands more at the Net's biggest, uncensored, completely diy punk, hardcore, indie and alternative music video site, BlankTV.com! We've got News, Games, Contests and the stuff that we can't show on YouTube! Free! Uncensored! Retarded! BlankTV.com! Director: Chris Mehling Hear the entire new album Lights Out here: sdev2.sugarcult.com Check out the BlankTV official website www.BlankTV.com Follow us on Twitter twitter.com Like us on Facebook: www.facebook.com Thumbs Up, Comment and Subscribe!!
- published: 04 May 2007
- views: 786469
- author: BlankTV
Cats - Memory - Original Broadway Cast
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:28
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
Cats Original Broadway Cast Memory Tony Awards
http://wn.com/Cats_Memory_Original_Broadway_Cast
Cats Original Broadway Cast Memory Tony Awards
- published: 08 Jun 2008
- views: 707357
- author: chrissi2810
photo: UN / Shareef Sarhan
02 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Guest Writer Gilad Atzmon. Israel suffered a humiliating defeat at The UN recently. The nations of the world stood up and said NO to the Jewish state - NO to Israeli occupation, NO to Israeli human rights abuse, NO to Jewish racism. In effect, they stood up and confessed to serious Zio-fatigue ... This is a very good news indeed. But interestingly, this united opposition to Israel is not in response to Israeli strength ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)
photo: USAF / Senior Airman Patrice Clarke
02 Dec 2012
There have been "multiple explosions" near an airfield at a US base in eastern Afghanistan, Nato has said. Afghan intelligence officials told the BBC seven suicide attackers targeted the base in Jalalabad, and witnesses said that gunfire was heard ... Counter claims ... There were no Nato casualties in the attack, officials said ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)
photo: AP / Anja Niedringhaus
03 Dec 2012
UNITED NATIONS. UN leader Ban Ki-moon warned Sunday that if Israel implemented its latest plan for new settlements it would deal an “almost fatal blow” to any prospects for peace with the Palestinians. Israel’s announcement about the 3,000 Jewish settler homes, whose planned location was not revealed, came in the wake of a historic vote by the United Nations General Assembly to upgrade Palestine’s diplomatic status ... ....(size: 4.2Kb)
photo: AP / Patrick Semansky
02 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. Much like the United States, the Vikings were a paradoxical and duplicitous civilization. Not only were they highly skilled shipbuilders and tremendous explorers, not to mention their expertise in the fishing, farming and trading industries, but they helped establish and contribute to the nation-states of France, England, Ireland, Germany, Russia, and Iceland ... This came to mind when Pfc....(size: 5.5Kb)
photo: AP / Sang Tan, File
03 Dec 2012
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates — A major U.S. delegation is in Dubai to lead opposition to possible new Internet regulations at a U.N. conference ... and Microsoft Corp. ....(size: 0.9Kb)
noodls
04 Dec 2012
During a Mass for the Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Niagara University community will celebrate the life of Brother Augustine Towey, C.M. The Mass will be held Saturday, Dec. 8, at 10 a.m ... He was 75 years old ... Memorial donations may be made to the Brother Augustine Towey Theatre Scholarship Fund, c/o Niagara University, Office of Institutional Advancement, Lewiston Rd., Niagara University, N.Y....(size: 4.6Kb)
New Yorker
04 Dec 2012
On this month’s fiction podcast, Hisham Matar, whose story “Naima” appeared in the magazine last year, reads “Shakespeare’s Memory,” by Jorge Luis Borges (translated from the Spanish by Andrew Hurley), which tells the story of a Shakespeare scholar named Hermann Sörgel who is offered an unusual gift....(size: 1.6Kb)
noodls
04 Dec 2012
Greenwood Village, Colo ... Eastern Standard Time/5 p.m. Central European Time/4 p.m ... Audience members will hear him outline the challenges that led to in-memory adoption and how SCE is using SAP HANA today ... Rounding out the panel is Tag Robertson, manager, SAP Solutions Offering, IBM, who will explain how IBM's appliance for SAP HANA allows huge quantities of real-time transactional data to be processed in the main memory of a server....(size: 3.9Kb)
noodls
04 Dec 2012
"As the daughter of Hungarian Holocaust survivors, this statement by the leader of a political party and sitting Member of Parliament is deeply concerning," said USCIRF Chair Katrina Lantos Swett. "The listing of Jews in Hungary brings up memories of the darkest days of Nazism, when hundreds of thousands of Jews were killed or deported to ......(size: 2.4Kb)
noodls
04 Dec 2012
Students design event to address social issues. Published. 03 December 2012 08.21 AM. A North Dakota State University theatre class called "Change U. Identity and Dialogue" is ready to put what they learned this semester into practice ... To apply what they learned, the students are hosting an event to get students, faculty and staff thinking and talking about social issues identified in class ... in the Memorial Union Ballroom ... distributed by....(size: 2.7Kb)
noodls
04 Dec 2012
BALTIMORE, MD (DECEMBER 3, 2012)- The Maryland Transit Administration (MTA) is proposing the consolidation of some bus stops on the Nos. 11 and 35 routes that would become effective on February 3, 2013. MTA welcomes your feedback regarding proposed bus stop consolidation at scheduled informational meetings listed below. December 10, 2012. 12.00 PM-2.00 PM and 6.00 PM-8.00 PM. War Memorial Building. 101 N. Gay St., Baltimore MD 21202....(size: 3.4Kb)
noodls
04 Dec 2012
Bowling Green to play No. 24 San Jose State in Military Bowl presented by Northrop Grumman. The Military Bowl presented by Northrop Grumman and Events DC tonight announced that Bowling Green has accepted an invitation to play No. 24 San Jose State in this year's game. Kickoff is set for 3 p.m ... Kennedy Memorial Stadium and surrounding Festival Grounds, the non-military functions of the DC Armory and Maloof Skate Park at RFK Stadium....(size: 4.7Kb)
Jakarta Globe
04 Dec 2012
Herat, Afghanistan. Ghaus worked in Iran for five years but has nothing to show for it. All he has are memories of being jailed, beaten and sent home to Afghanistan. Afghanistanâs oil-rich western neighbor has for years been a destination for Afghans seeking work or fleeing war. Afghanistan and Iran share a language, and cultural and historical links ... The deal was struck ... Influence, Opium. Iran says migrant workers pose a security threat....(size: 7.0Kb)
The Register
03 Dec 2012
Taiwanese flash memory non-volatile memory manufacturer Macronix is set to reveal technologies is says will make it possible for flash memory to survive 100 million read/write cycles. Today's flash memory wears out over time, because moving electrons in and out of transistors wears them down ... The summary for the talk explains that âFlash memory ......(size: 2.1Kb)
PhysOrg
03 Dec 2012
News of their findings appears in the IEEE Spectrum, discussing flash memory's limitations and the Taiwan company's solution. Macronix is a manufacturer in the Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) market, with a NOR Flash, NAND Flash, and ROM products ... Although subjecting the cells to high heat could return memory, the process was problematic; the entire memory chip would need heating for hours at around 250 °C.â©....(size: 2.5Kb)
The Dallas Morning News
03 Dec 2012
noodls
03 Dec 2012
Press Release. 3/12/2012. An ecumenical Christmas Memorial Service will be held at the Wenallt Chapel at Thornhill Crematorium on Sunday 9th December 2012 between 2 -3pm. ... This Christmas, Bereavement Services will again be selling memorial tags for a minimum donation of £2.00 in memory of a loved one which can be placed on one of the Christmas Memorial Trees in the Wenallt Chapel Courtyard ... (Ends) ... 029 2078 8366. Email ... ID ... 3/12/2012....(size: 3.2Kb)
noodls
03 Dec 2012
Today, heads of the MIA for the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, veterans of the Internal Affairs bodies, leaders of the main public organizations in the Republic, and local authorities took part in the memorable event, dedicated to the opening of the memorial plate to the outstanding organizer, crime vigilante, a famous political figure, the ......(size: 2.1Kb)
For other uses, see Memory (disambiguation).
In psychology, memory is the processes by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved. Encoding allows information that is from the outside world to reach our senses in the forms of chemical and physical stimuli. In this first stage we must change the information so that we may put the memory into the encoding process. Storage is the second memory stage or process. This entails that we maintain information over periods of time. Finally the third process is retrieval. This is the retrieval of information that we have stored. We must locate it and return it to our consciousness. Some retrieval attempts may be effortless due to the type of information.
From an information processing perspective there are three main stages in the formation and retrieval of memory:
- Encoding or registration (receiving, processing and combining of received information)
- Storage (creation of a permanent record of the encoded information)
- Retrieval, recall or recollection (calling back the stored information in response to some cue for use in a process or activity)
Sensory memory[link]
Main article: Sensory memory
Sensory memory corresponds approximately to the initial 200–500 milliseconds after an item is perceived. The ability to look at an item, and remember what it looked like with just a second of observation, or memorisation, is an example of sensory memory. With very short presentations, participants often report that they seem to "see" more than they can actually report. The first experiments exploring this form of sensory memory were conducted by George Sperling (1963) [1] using the "partial report paradigm". Subjects were presented with a grid of 12 letters, arranged into three rows of four. After a brief presentation, subjects were then played either a high, medium or low tone, cuing them which of the rows to report. Based on these partial report experiments, Sperling was able to show that the capacity of sensory memory was approximately 12 items, but that it degraded very quickly (within a few hundred milliseconds). Because this form of memory degrades so quickly, participants would see the display, but be unable to report all of the items (12 in the "whole report" procedure) before they decayed. This type of memory cannot be prolonged via rehearsal.
There are many types of sensory memories. Iconic memory is a type of sensory memory that briefly stores an image which has been perceived for a small duration. Echoic memory is another type of sensory memory that briefly stores sounds which has been perceived for a small duration.[2]
Short-term memory[link]
Main article: Short-term memory
Short-term memory allows recall for a period of several seconds to a minute without rehearsal. Its capacity is also very limited: George A. Miller (1956), when working at Bell Laboratories, conducted experiments showing that the store of short-term memory was 7±2 items (the title of his famous paper, "The magical number 7±2"). Modern estimates of the capacity of short-term memory are lower, typically of the order of 4–5 items,[3] however, memory capacity can be increased through a process called chunking.[4] For example, in recalling a ten-digit telephone number, a person could chunk the digits into three groups: first, the area code (such as 123), then a three-digit chunk (456) and lastly a four-digit chunk (7890). This method of remembering telephone numbers is far more effective than attempting to remember a string of 10 digits; this is because we are able to chunk the information into meaningful groups of numbers. This may be reflected in some countries in the tendency to display telephone numbers as several chunks of three numbers, with the final four-number group generally broken down into two groups of two.
Short-term memory is believed to rely mostly on an acoustic code for storing information, and to a lesser extent a visual code. Conrad (1964)[5] found that test subjects had more difficulty recalling collections of letters that were acoustically similar (e.g. E, P, D). Confusion with recalling acoustically similar letters rather than visually similar letters implies that the letters were encoded acoustically. Conrad's (1964) study however, deals with the encoding of written text, thus while memory of written language may rely on acoustic components, generalisations to all forms of memory cannot be made.
Long-term memory[link]
Main article: Long-term memory
The storage in sensory memory and short-term memory generally have a strictly limited capacity and duration, which means that information is not retained indefinitely. By contrast, long-term memory can store much larger quantities of information for potentially unlimited duration (sometimes a whole life span). Its capacity is immeasurably large. For example, given a random seven-digit number we may remember it for only a few seconds before forgetting, suggesting it was stored in our short-term memory. On the other hand, we can remember telephone numbers for many years through repetition; this information is said to be stored in long-term memory.
While short-term memory encodes information acoustically, long-term memory encodes it semantically: Baddeley (1966)[6] discovered that after 20 minutes, test subjects had the most difficulty recalling a collection of words that had similar meanings (e.g. big, large, great, huge) long-term. Another part of long-term memory is episodic memory "which attempts to capture information such as “what”, “when” and “where”.[7] With episodic memory individuals are able to recall specific events such as birthday parties and weddings.
Short-term memory is supported by transient patterns of neuronal communication, dependent on regions of the frontal lobe (especially dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and the parietal lobe. Long-term memories, on the other hand, are maintained by more stable and permanent changes in neural connections widely spread throughout the brain. The hippocampus is essential (for learning new information) to the consolidation of information from short-term to long-term memory, although it does not seem to store information itself. Without the hippocampus, new memories are unable to be stored into long-term memory, as learned from HM after removal of his hippocampus, and there will be a very short attention span. Furthermore, it may be involved in changing neural connections for a period of three months or more after the initial learning. One of the primary functions of sleep is thought to be improving consolidation of information, as several studies have demonstrated that memory depends on getting sufficient sleep between training and test.[8] Additionally, data obtained from neuroimaging studies have shown activation patterns in the sleeping brain which mirror those recorded during the learning of tasks from the previous day, suggesting that new memories may be solidified through such rehearsal.
Research has suggested that long-term memory storage in humans may be regulated by DNA methylation.[9]
Models[link]
Models of memory provide abstract representations of how memory is believed to work. Below are several models proposed over the years by various psychologists. Note that there is some controversy as to whether there are several memory structures, for example, Tarnow (2005) finds that it is likely that there is only one memory structure between 6 and 600 seconds.
Atkinson-Shiffrin model[link]
See also: Memory consolidation
The multi-store model (also known as Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model) was first recognised in 1968 by Atkinson and Shiffrin.
The multi-store model has been criticised for being too simplistic. For instance, long-term memory is believed to be actually made up of multiple subcomponents, such as episodic and procedural memory. It also proposes that rehearsal is the only mechanism by which information eventually reaches long-term storage, but evidence shows us capable of remembering things without rehearsal.
The model also shows all the memory stores as being a single unit whereas research into this shows differently. For example, short-term memory can be broken up into different units such as visual information and acoustic information. Patient KF proves this. Patient KF was brain damaged and had problems with his short term memory. He had problems with things such as spoken numbers, letters and words and with significant sounds (such as doorbells and cats meowing). Other parts of short term memory were unaffected, such as visual (pictures).[10]
It also shows the sensory store as a single unit whilst we know that the sensory store is split up into several different parts such as taste, vision, and hearing.
Working memory[link]
The working memory model.
Main article: Working memory
In 1974 Baddeley and Hitch proposed a working memory model which replaced the concept of general short term memory with specific, active components. In this model, working memory consists of three basic stores: the central executive, the phonological loop and the visuo-spatial sketchpad. In 2000 this model was expanded with the multimodal episodic buffer.[11]
The central executive essentially acts as attention. It channels information to the three component processes: the phonological loop, the visuo-spatial sketchpad, and the episodic buffer.
The phonological loop stores auditory information by silently rehearsing sounds or words in a continuous loop: the articulatory process (for example the repetition of a telephone number over and over again). A short list of data is easier to remember.
The visuospatial sketchpad stores visual and spatial information. It is engaged when performing spatial tasks (such as judging distances) or visual ones (such as counting the windows on a house or imagining images).
The episodic buffer is dedicated to linking information across domains to form integrated units of visual, spatial, and verbal information and chronological ordering (e.g., the memory of a story or a movie scene). The episodic buffer is also assumed to have links to long-term memory and semantical meaning.
The working memory model explains many practical observations, such as why it is easier to do two different tasks (one verbal and one visual) than two similar tasks (e.g., two visual), and the aforementioned word-length effect. However, the concept of a central executive as noted here has been criticised as inadequate and vague.[citation needed] Working memory is also the premise for what allows us to do everyday activities involving thought. It is the section of memory where we carry out thought processes and use them to learn and reason about topics.[11]
Types of memory[link]
Researchers distinguish between recognition and recall memory. Recognition memory tasks require individuals to indicate whether they have encountered a stimulus (such as a picture or a word) before. Recall memory tasks require participants to retrieve previously learned information. For example, individuals might be asked to produce a series of actions they have seen before or to say a list of words they have heard before.
Classification by information type[link]
Anderson (1976)[12] divides long-term memory into declarative (explicit) and procedural (implicit) memories.
Declarative memory requires conscious recall, in that some conscious process must call back the information. It is sometimes called explicit memory, since it consists of information that is explicitly stored and retrieved.
Declarative memory can be further sub-divided into semantic memory, which concerns facts taken independent of context; and episodic memory, which concerns information specific to a particular context, such as a time and place. Semantic memory allows the encoding of abstract knowledge about the world, such as "Paris is the capital of France". Episodic memory, on the other hand, is used for more personal memories, such as the sensations, emotions, and personal associations of a particular place or time. Autobiographical memory - memory for particular events within one's own life - is generally viewed as either equivalent to, or a subset of, episodic memory. Visual memory is part of memory preserving some characteristics of our senses pertaining to visual experience. One is able to place in memory information that resembles objects, places, animals or people in sort of a mental image. Visual memory can result in priming and it is assumed some kind of perceptual representational system underlies this phenomenon. [13]
In contrast, procedural memory (or implicit memory) is not based on the conscious recall of information, but on implicit learning. Procedural memory is primarily employed in learning motor skills and should be considered a subset of implicit memory. It is revealed when one does better in a given task due only to repetition - no new explicit memories have been formed, but one is unconsciously accessing aspects of those previous experiences. Procedural memory involved in motor learning depends on the cerebellum and basal ganglia.
Topographic memory is the ability to orient oneself in space, to recognize and follow an itinerary, or to recognize familiar places.[14] Getting lost when traveling alone is an example of the failure of topographic memory. This is often reported among elderly patients who are evaluated for dementia. The disorder could be caused by multiple impairments, including difficulties with perception, orientation, and memory.[15]
Flashbulb memories are clear episodic memories of unique and highly emotional events.[16] Remembering where you were or what you were doing when you first heard the news of President Kennedy’s assassination[17] or about 9/11 are examples of flashbulb memories.
Classification by temporal direction[link]
A further major way to distinguish different memory functions is whether the content to be remembered is in the past, retrospective memory, or whether the content is to be remembered in the future, prospective memory. Thus, retrospective memory as a category includes semantic, episodic and autobiographical memory. In contrast, prospective memory is memory for future intentions, or remembering to remember (Winograd, 1988). Prospective memory can be further broken down into event- and time-based prospective remembering. Time-based prospective memories are triggered by a time-cue, such as going to the doctor (action) at 4pm (cue). Event-based prospective memories are intentions triggered by cues, such as remembering to post a letter (action) after seeing a mailbox (cue). Cues do not need to be related to the action (as the mailbox example is), and lists, sticky-notes, knotted handkerchiefs, or string around the finger are all examples of cues that are produced by people as a strategy to enhance prospective memory.
Techniques used to study memory[link]
Techniques used to assess infants’ memory[link]
Infants do not have the language ability to report on their memories, and so, verbal reports cannot be used to assess very young children’s memory. Throughout the years, however, researchers have adapted and developed a number of measures for assessing both infants’ recognition memory and their recall memory. Habituation and operant conditioning techniques have been used to assess infants’ recognition memory and the deferred and elicited imitation techniques have been used to assess infants’ recall memory.
Techniques used to assess infants’ recognition memory
- Visual paired comparison procedure (relies on habituation): infants are first presented with pairs of visual stimuli, such as two black-and-white photos of human faces, for a fixed amount of time; then, after being familiarized with the two photos, they are presented with the “familiar” photo and a new photo. The time spent looking at each photo is recorded. Looking longer at the new photo indicates that they remember the “familiar” one. Studies using this procedure have found that 5- to 6-month-olds can retain information for as along as fourteen days.[18]
- Operant conditioning technique: infants are placed in a crib and a ribbon that is connected to a mobile overhead is tied to one of their feet. Infants notice that when they kick their foot the mobile moves – the rate of kicking increases dramatically within minutes. Studies using this technique have revealed that infants’ memory substantially improves over the first 18-months. Whereas 2- to 3-month-olds can retain an operant response (such as activating the mobile by kicking their foot) for a week, 6-month-olds can retain it for two weeks, and 18-month-olds can retain a similar operant response for as long as 13 weeks.[19][20][21]
Techniques used to assess infants’ recall memory
- Deferred imitation technique: an experimenter shows infants a unique sequence of actions (such as using a stick to push a button on a box) and then, after a delay, asks the infants to imitate the actions. Studies using deferred imitation have shown that 14-month-olds’ memories for the sequence of actions can last for as long as four months.[22]
- Elicited imitation technique: is very similar to the deferred imitation technique; the difference is that infants are allowed to imitate the actions before the delay. Studies using the elicited imitation technique have shown that 20-month-olds can recall the action sequences twelve months later.[23][24]
Techniques used to assess older children and adults' memory[link]
Researchers use a variety of tasks to assess older children and adults' memory. Some examples are:
- Paired associate learning - when one learns to associate one specific word with another. For example when given a word such as "safe" one must learn to say another specific word, such as "green". This is stimulus and response.[25]
- Free recall - during this task a subject would be asked to study a list of words and then sometime later they will be asked to recall or write down as many words that they can remember.[26] Earlier items are affected by retroactive interference, or RI, which means the longer the list, the greater the interference, and the less likelihood that they are recalled. On the other hand, items that have been presented lastly suffer little RI, but suffers a great deal from proactive interference, or PI, which means the longer the delay in recall, the more likely that the items will be lost.[27]
- Recognition - subjects are asked to remember a list of words or pictures, after which point they are asked to identify the previously presented words or pictures from among a list of alternatives that were not presented in the original list.[28]
- Detection Paradigm- Individuals are shown a number of objects and colors samples, during a certain period of time. They are then tested on their visual ability to remember as much as they can by looking at testers and pointing out whether the testers are similar to the sample, or if any change is present.
Physiology[link]
Brain areas involved in the neuroanatomy of memory such as the hippocampus, the amygdala, the striatum, or the mammillary bodies are thought to be involved in specific types of memory. For example, the hippocampus is believed to be involved in spatial learning and declarative learning, while the amygdala is thought to be involved in emotional memory.[29] Damage to certain areas in patients and animal models and subsequent memory deficits is a primary source of information. However, rather than implicating a specific area, it could be that damage to adjacent areas, or to a pathway traveling through the area is actually responsible for the observed deficit. Further, it is not sufficient to describe memory, and its counterpart, learning, as solely dependent on specific brain regions. Learning and memory are attributed to changes in neuronal synapses, thought to be mediated by long-term potentiation and long-term depression.
In general, the more emotionally charged an event or experience is, the better it is remembered; this phenomenon is known as the memory enhancement effect. Patients with amygdala damage, however, do not show a memory enhancement effect.[30][31]
Hebb distinguished between short-term and long-term memory. He postulated that any memory that stayed in short-term storage for a long enough time would be consolidated into a long-term memory. Later research showed this to be false. Research has shown that direct injections of cortisol or epinephrine help the storage of recent experiences. This is also true for stimulation of the amygdala. This proves that excitement enhances memory by the stimulation of hormones that affect the amygdala. Excessive or prolonged stress (with prolonged cortisol) may hurt memory storage. Patients with amygdalar damage are no more likely to remember emotionally charged words than nonemotionally charged ones. The hippocampus is important for explicit memory. The hippocampus is also important for memory consolidation. The hippocampus receives input from different parts of the cortex and sends its output out to different parts of the brain also. The input comes from secondary and tertiary sensory areas that have processed the information a lot already. Hippocampal damage may also cause memory loss and problems with memory storage.[32]
Cognitive neuroscience of memory[link]
Cognitive neuroscientists consider memory as the retention, reactivation, and reconstruction of the experience-independent internal representation. The term of internal representation implies that such definition of memory contains two components: the expression of memory at the behavioral or conscious level, and the underpinning physical neural changes (Dudai 2007). The latter component is also called engram or memory traces (Semon 1904). Some neuroscientists and psychologists mistakenly equate the concept of engram and memory, broadly conceiving all persisting after-effects of experiences as memory; others argue against this notion that memory does not exist until it is revealed in behavior or thought (Moscovitch 2007).
One question that is crucial in cognitive neuroscience is how information and mental experiences are coded and represented in the brain. Scientists have gained much knowledge about the neuronal codes from the studies of plasticity, but most of such research has been focused on simple learning in simple neuronal circuits; it is considerably less clear about the neuronal changes involved in more complex examples of memory, particularly declarative memory that requires the storage of facts and events (Byrne 2007).
- Encoding. Encoding of working memory involves the spiking of individual neurons induced by sensory input, which persists even after the sensory input disappears (Jensen and Lisman 2005; Fransen et al. 2002). Encoding of episodic memory involves persistent changes in molecular structures that alter synaptic transmission between neurons. Examples of such structural changes include long-term potentiation (LTP) or spike timing-independent plasticity (STDP). The persistent spiking in working memory can enhance the synaptic and cellular changes in the encoding of episodic memory (Jensen and Lisman 2005).
- Working memory. Recent functional imaging studies detected working memory signals in both medial temporal lobe (MTL), a brain area strongly associated with long-term memory, and prefrontal cortex (Ranganath et al. 2005), suggesting a strong relationship between working memory and long-term memory. However, the substantially more working memory signals seen in the prefrontal lobe suggest that this area play a more important role in working memory than MTL (Suzuki 2007).
- Consolidation and reconsolidation. Short-term memory (STM) is temporary and subject to disruption, while long-term memory (LTM), once consolidated, is persistent and stable. Consolidation of STM into LTM at the molecular level presumably involves two processes: synaptic consolidation and system consolidation. The former involves a protein synthesis process in the medial temporal lobe (MTL), whereas the latter transforms the MTL-dependent memory into an MTL-independent memory over months to years (Ledoux 2007). In recent years, such traditional consolidation dogma has been re-evaluated as a result of the studies on reconsolidation. These studies showed that prevention after retrieval affects subsequent retrieval of the memory (Sara 2000). New studies have shown that post-retrieval treatment with protein synthesis inhibitors and many other compounds can lead to an amnestic state (Nadel et al. 2000b; Alberini 2005; Dudai 2006). These findings on reconsolidation fit with the behavioral evidence that retrieved memory is not a carbon copy of the initial experiences, and memories are updated during retrieval.
Genetics[link]
Study of the genetics of human memory is in its infancy. A notable initial success was the association of APOE with memory dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. The search for genes associated with normally varying memory continues. One of the first candidates for normal variation in memory is the gene KIBRA,[33] which appears to be associated with the rate at which material is forgotten over a delay period.
Memory in infancy[link]
Up until the middle of the 1980s it was assumed that infants could not encode, retain, and retrieve information.[34] A growing body of research now indicates that infants as young as 6-months can recall information after a 24-hour delay.[35] Furthermore, research has revealed that as infants grow older they can store information for longer periods of time; 6-month-olds can recall information after a 24-hour period, 9-month-olds after up to five weeks, and 20-month-olds after as long as twelve months.[36] In addition, studies have shown that with age, infants can store information faster. Whereas 14-month-olds can recall a three-step sequence after being exposed to it once, 6-month-olds need approximately six exposures in order to be able to remember it.[22][35]
It should be noted that although 6-month-olds can recall information over the short-term, they have difficulty recalling the temporal order of information. It is only by 9 months of age that infants can recall the actions of a two-step sequence in the correct temporal order - that is, recalling step 1 and then step 2.[37][38] In other words, when asked to imitate a two-step action sequence (such as putting a toy car in the base and pushing in the plunger to make the toy roll to the other end), 9-month-olds tend to imitate the actions of the sequence in the correct order (step 1 and then step 2). Younger infants (6-month-olds) can only recall one step of a two-step sequence.[35] Researchers have suggested that these age differences are probably due to the fact that the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the frontal components of the neural network are not fully developed at the age of 6-months.[39][40][41]
Memory and aging[link]
Main article: Memory and aging
One of the key concerns of older adults is the experience of memory loss, especially as it is one of the hallmark symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. However, memory loss is qualitatively different in normal aging from the kind of memory loss associated with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's (Budson & Price, 2005). Research has revealed that individuals’ performance on memory tasks that rely on frontal regions declines with age. Older adults tend to exhibit deficits on tasks that involve knowing the temporal order in which they learned information;[42] source memory tasks that require them to remember the specific circumstances or context in which they learned information;[43] and prospective memory tasks that involve remembering to perform an act at a future time. Older adults can manage their problems with prospective memory by using appointment books, for example.
Disorders[link]
Much of the current knowledge of memory has come from studying memory disorders, particularly amnesia. Loss of memory is known as amnesia. Amnesia can result from extensive damage to: (a) the regions of the medial temporal lobe, such as the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, subiculum, amygdala, the parahippocampal, entorhinal, and perirhinal cortices[44] or the (b) midline diencephalic region, specifically the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus and the mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus.[45] There are many sorts of amnesia, and by studying their different forms, it has become possible to observe apparent defects in individual sub-systems of the brain's memory systems, and thus hypothesize their function in the normally working brain. Other neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease [46] can also affect memory and cognition. Hyperthymesia, or hyperthymesic syndrome, is a disorder which affects an individual's autobiographical memory, essentially meaning that they cannot forget small details that otherwise would not be stored.[47] Korsakoff's syndrome, also known as Korsakoff's psychosis, amnesic-confabulatory syndrome, is an organic brain disease that adversely affects memory.
While not a disorder, a common temporary failure of word retrieval from memory is the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. Sufferers of Anomic aphasia (also called Nominal aphasia or Anomia), however, do experience the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon on an ongoing basis due to damage to the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain.
Factors that influence memory[link]
Influence of odors and emotions[link]
In March 2007 German researchers found they could use odors to re-activate new memories in the brains of people while they slept and the volunteers remembered better later.[48] Emotion can have a powerful impact on memory. Numerous studies have shown that the most vivid autobiographical memories tend to be of emotional events, which are likely to be recalled more often and with more clarity and detail than neutral events.[49]
Interference from previous knowledge[link]
At the Center for Cognitive Science at Ohio State University, researchers have found that memory accuracy of adults is hurt by the fact that they know more than children and tend to apply this knowledge when learning new information. The findings appeared in the August 2004 edition of the journal Psychological Science.
Interference can hamper memorization and retrieval. There is retroactive interference, when learning new information makes it harder to recall old information[50] and proactive interference, where prior learning disrupts recall of new information. Although interference can lead to forgetting, it is important to keep in mind that there are situations when old information can facilitate learning of new information. Knowing Latin, for instance, can help an individual learn a related language such as French – this phenomenon is known as positive transfer.[51]
Memory Construction[link]
Although we like to think that our memory operates like recording equipment, that is not actually the case. The molecular mechanisms underlying the induction and maintenance of memory are very dynamic and comprise distinct phases covering a time window from seconds to even a lifetime.[52] In fact research has revealed that our memories are constructed. People can construct their memories when they encode them and/or when they recall them. To illustrate consider a classic study conducted by Elizabeth Loftus and John Palmer (1974) [53] in which people were instructed to watch a film of a traffic accident and then asked about what they saw. The researchers found that, those people who were asked, “How fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?” gave higher estimates than those who were asked, “How fast were the cars going when they hit each other?” Furthermore, when asked a week later whether they have seen broken glass in the film, those who had been asked the question with smashed were twice more likely to report that they have seen broken glass than those who had been asked the question with hit. There was no broken glass depicted in the film. Thus, the wording of the questions distorted viewers’ memories of the event. Importantly, the wording of the question led people to construct different memories of the event – those who were asked the question with smashed recalled a more serious car accident than they had actually seen. The findings of this experiment were replicated around the world and researchers consistently demonstrated that when people were provided with misleading information they tended to misremember, a phenomenon known as the misinformation effect.[54]
Interestingly, research has revealed that asking individuals to repeatedly imagine actions that they have never performed or events that they have never experienced could result in false memories. For instance, Goff and Roediger [55] (1998) asked participants to imagine that they performed an act (e.g., break a toothpick) and then later asked them whether they had done such a thing. Findings revealed that those participants who repeatedly imagined performing such an act were more likely to think that they had actually performed that act during the first session of the experiment. Similarly, Garry and her colleagues (1996) [56] asked college students to report how certain they were that they experienced a number of events as children (e.g., broke a window with their hand) and then two weeks later asked them to imagine four of those events. The researchers found that one-fourth of the students asked to imagine the four events reported that they had actually experienced such events as children. That is, when asked to imagine the events they were more confident that they experienced the events.
Improving memory[link]
Main article: Improving memory
A UCLA research study published in the June 2006 issue of the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry found that people can improve cognitive function and brain efficiency through simple lifestyle changes such as incorporating memory exercises, healthy eating, physical fitness and stress reduction into their daily lives. This study examined 17 subjects, (average age 53) with normal memory performance. Eight subjects were asked to follow a "brain healthy" diet, relaxation, physical, and mental exercise (brain teasers and verbal memory training techniques). After 14 days, they showed greater word fluency (not memory) compared to their baseline performance. No long term follow up was conducted, it is therefore unclear if this intervention has lasting effects on memory.[57]
There are a loosely associated group of mnemonic principles and techniques that can be used to vastly improve memory known as the Art of memory.
The International Longevity Center released in 2001 a report[58] which includes in pages 14–16 recommendations for keeping the mind in good functionality until advanced age. Some of the recommendations are to stay intellectually active through learning, training or reading, to keep physically active so to promote blood circulation to the brain, to socialize, to reduce stress, to keep sleep time regular, to avoid depression or emotional instability and to observe good nutrition.
Levels of processing[link]
Main article: Levels-of-processing effect
Craik and Lockhart (1972) proposed that it is the method and depth of processing that affects how an experience is stored in memory, rather than rehearsal.
- Organization - Mandler (1967) gave participants a pack of word cards and asked them to sort them into any number of piles using any system of categorisation they liked. When they were later asked to recall as many of the words as they could, those who used more categories remembered more words. This study suggested that the organization of memory is one of its central aspects (Mandler, 2011).
- Distinctiveness - Eysenck and Eysenck (1980) asked participants to say words in a distinctive way, e.g. spell the words out loud. Such participants recalled the words better than those who simply read them off a list.
- Effort - Tyler et al. (1979) had participants solve a series of anagrams, some easy (FAHTER) and some difficult (HREFAT). The participants recalled the difficult anagrams better, presumably because they put more effort into them.
- Elaboration - Palmere et al. (1983) gave participants descriptive paragraphs of a fictitious African nation. There were some short paragraphs and some with extra sentences elaborating the main idea. Recall was higher for the ideas in the elaborated paragraphs.
Methods to optimize memorization[link]
Memorization is a method of learning that allows an individual to recall information verbatim. Rote learning is the method most often used. Methods of memorizing things have been the subject of much discussion over the years with some writers, such as Cosmos Rossellius using visual alphabets. The spacing effect shows that an individual is more likely to remember a list of items when rehearsal is spaced over an extended period of time. In contrast to this is cramming which is intensive memorization in a short period of time. Also relevant is the Zeigarnik effect which states that people remember uncompleted or interrupted tasks better than completed ones. The so-called Method of loci uses spatial memory to memorize non-spatial information.[59]
See also[link]
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Footnotes[link]
- Georges Chapouthier, From the search for a molecular code of memory to the role of neurotransmitters: a historical perspective, Neural Plasticity, 2004, 11(3-4), 151-158
- Julia Russell; Cardwell, Mike; Flanagan, Cara (2005). Angels on Psychology: Companion Volume. Cheltenham, U.K: Nelson Thornes. ISBN 0-7487-9463-8.
- Costa-Mattioli, M; et al. (2007). "eIF2α Phosphorylation Bidirectionally Regulates the Switch from Short- to Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity and Memory". Cell 129 (1): 195–206. DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2007.01.050. PMID 17418795. http://www.cell.com/content/article/abstract?uid=PIIS0092867407003248.
- Alberini, C.M. (2005) Mechanisms of memory stabilization: are consolidation and reconsolidation similar or distinct processes? Trends in Neuroscience, 28, 51-56.
- Asimov, Isaac (1979). Life and time. New York: Avon Books.
- Brockmeier Jens (2010). "After the Archive: Remapping memory". Culture & Psychology 16 (1): 5–35. DOI:10.1177/1354067X09353212.
- Byrne, J. H. (2007) Plasticity: new concepts, new challenges. In: Roediger, H. L., Dudai, Y. and Fitzpatrick S. M., eds. Science of Memory: Concepts. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 77–82.
- Craik, FIM & Lockhart, RS. (1972). "Levels of processing: A framework for memory research". Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, Vol.11, No.6, December 1972, Pages 671-684
- Danziger, Kurt (2008). Marking the mind: A history of memory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Dudai, Y. (2006) Reconsolidation: the advantage of being reinforced. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 16, 174-178.
- Dudai, Y. (2007) Memory: It’s all about representations. In: Roediger, H. L., Dudai, Y. and Fitzpatrick S. M., eds. Science of Memory: Concepts. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 13–16.
- Eysenck, MW & Eysenck, MC. (1980). "Effects of processing depth, distinctiveness, and word frequency on retention". British Journal of Psychology, 71, 26-274
- Fivush, Robyn and Neisser, Ulric (1994). The remembering self: Construction and accuracy in the self-narrative. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Fransen, E., Alonso, A.A. and Hasselmo, M.E. (2002) simulations of the role of the muscarinic-activated calcium-sensitive non-specific cation current I(NCM) in entorhinal neuronal activity during delayed matching tasks. journal of neuroscience 22, 1081-1097.
- Jensen, O. and Lisman, J.E. (2005) Hippocampal sequence-encoding driven by a cortical multi-item working memory buffer. Trends in Neuroscience, 26, 696-705.
- Hacking, I. (1996). Memory science, memory politics. In P. Antze & M. Lambek (Eds.), Tense past: Cultural essays in trauma and memory (pp. 67–87). New York & London: Routledge.
- LeDoux J.E. (2007) Consolidation: Challenging the traditional view. In: Roediger, H. L., Dudai, Y. and Fitzpatrick S. M., eds. Science of Memory: Concepts. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 171–175.
- Mandler, G. (1967). “Organization and memory”. In K. W. Spence & J. T. Spence (Eds.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory. Vol. 1, pp 328–372. New York: Academic Press.
- Mandler, G. (2011) From association to organization. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20 (4), 232-235.
- Middleton, David and Brown, Steven (2005). The social psychology of experience: Studies in remembering and forgetting. London: Sage.
- Moscovitch, M. (2007) Memory: Why the engram is elusive? In: Roediger, H. L., Dudai, Y. and Fitzpatrick S. M., eds. Science of Memory: Concepts. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 17–21.
- Nader, K., Schafe, G.E. and LeDoux, J.E. (2000b) The labile nature of consolidation theory. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 1, 216-219.
- Olick, Jeffrey K., Vered Vinitzky-Seroussi, & Levy, Daniel (Eds.) (2010). The collective memory reader. Oxford University Press.
- Palmere, M., Benton, S.L., Glover, J.A. and Ronning, R. (1983). Elaboration and the recall of main ideas in prose. Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 898-907.
- Ranganath, C. and Blumenfeld, R.S. (2005) Doubts about double dissociations between short- and long-term memory. Trends in Cognitive Science, 9, 374-380.
- Sara, S.J. (2000) Retrieval and reconsolidation: toward a neurobiology of remembering. Learning and Memory, 7, 73-84.
- Schacter, Daniel L. (2002). The seven sins of memory: How the mind forgets and remembers. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
- Semon, R. (1904) Die Mneme. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann.
- Suzuki, W.A. (2007) Working memory: Signals in the brain. In: Roediger, H. L., Dudai, Y. and Fitzpatrick S. M., eds. Science of Memory: Concepts. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 147–150.
- Tyler, SW, Hertel, PT, McCallum, MC & Ellis, HC. (1979). "Cognitive effort and memory". Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning & Memory, 5, 607-617.
- Cowan, Neilson. 1995.Attention and Memory : An Integrated Frame Network. New York:Oxford university Press, pp 167.
External links[link]
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Memory |
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Look up memory in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
- Memory on In Our Time at the BBC. (listen now)
- The Works of Endel Tulving
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry
- Memory-related resources from the National Institutes of Health.
- WNYC - Radio Lab: Memory and Forgetting Show #304 Friday, June 8, 2007
- scientific article concerning Amnesia
- Learning and Memory, Neuroscience Online (electronic neuroscience textbook by UT Houston Medical School)
- Memory Implant Gives Rats Sharper Recollection by Benedict Carey of the New York Times June 17, 2011
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Not to be confused with Ellen Page.
| Elaine Paige | |
|---|---|
 Elaine Paige at BBC Radio 2's Voice of Musical Theatre gala final in 2006. |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Elaine Jill Bickerstaff[1] |
| Born | (1948-03-05) 5 March 1948 (age 64) |
| Origin | Barnet, London, England |
| Occupations | Singer, actress |
| Years active | 1968–present |
| Website | ElainePaige.com |
Elaine Paige OBE (née Bickerstaff;[2] born 5 March 1948) is an English singer and actress best known for her work in musical theatre. Raised in Barnet, North London, Paige attended the Aida Foster stage school, making her first professional appearance on stage in 1964, at the age of 16. Her appearance in the 1968 production of Hair marked her West End debut.
Following a number of roles over the next decade, Paige was selected to play Eva Perón in the first production of Evita in 1978, which brought her to the attention of the broader public. For this role, she won the Laurence Olivier Award for Performance of the Year in a Musical. She went on to originate the role of Grizabella in Cats and had a Top 10 hit with "Memory", a song from the show. In 1985, Paige released "I Know Him So Well" with Barbara Dickson from the musical Chess, which remains the biggest-selling record by a female duo. She then appeared in the original stage production of Chess, followed by a starring role in Anything Goes which she also co-produced. Paige made her Broadway debut in Sunset Boulevard in 1996, playing the lead role of Norma Desmond, to critical acclaim. She appeared in The King and I from 2000 to 2001, and six years later she returned to the West End stage in The Drowsy Chaperone. She has also worked sporadically in television.
In addition to being nominated for five Laurence Olivier Awards, Paige has won many other awards for her theatre roles and has been called the First Lady of British Musical Theatre. She has released 22 solo albums, of which eight were consecutively certified gold and another four multi-platinum. Paige is also featured on seven cast albums and has sung in concerts across the world. Since 2004 she has hosted her own show on BBC Radio 2 called Elaine Paige on Sunday. She is commonly called the First Lady of British Musical Theatre due to her skill and longevity.
Contents |
Life and career[link]
Background[link]
Elaine Jill[3] Bickerstaff was raised in Barnet, North London, where her father worked as an estate agent and her mother was a milliner.[2] Her mother had been a singer in her youth, and her father was an amateur drummer.[1] Paige stands at just under 5 feet (1.5 m) tall, which she says has caused her to lose out on leading roles.[4] Her original ambition was to become a professional tennis player, at which point her headmistress pointed out to her "they'd never see you over the net",[5] but Paige continued to play tennis and has referred to the sport as one of her passions.[6]
At 14, Paige listened to the film soundtrack of West Side Story, which evoked the desire for a career in musical theatre.[7] Paige's musical ability was encouraged by her school music teacher, Ann Hill,[6] who was also the head of the music department.[8] Paige was a member of Hill's choir,[8] and her first role on stage was playing Susanna in a school production of Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro,[9] which was followed by parts in The Boy Mozart and solos in Handel's Messiah—[1] "a difficult work for little children".[6] Paige also recalls singing the mezzo role of Bastienne in Mozart's Bastien and Bastienne.[8] After singing the aria, she chose to break down in character and to release a sob much to the audience's shock who, having been convinced by her acting, thought she was in real pain.[8]
Her father later suggested that she should go to drama school,[1] so she attended the Aida Foster stage school.[2] Lacking confidence, she initially disliked stage school; her father encouraged her to endure and she grew to enjoy her time there.[8] After graduating, her first job was modeling children's clothing at the Ideal Home Exhibition.[2] Prior to stage school she attended Southaw Girls' School - a secondary modern in Oakleigh Park in Hertfordshire where she had achieved just two CSE qualifications.[8]
[edit] Early career – 1968-1980: West End debut and Evita
Paige's first professional appearance on stage was during the UK tour of the Anthony Newley/Leslie Bricusse musical The Roar of the Greasepaint—the Smell of the Crowd in 1964,[1] playing the role of a Chinese urchin.[9] To audition for the role she sang "I'm Just a Girl who Cain't Say No" but was rejected the first time.[10] She was successful the second time around after being convinced to re-audition under a new name.[10] Browsing through a phone book for inspiration, she became aware of the "page" she was observing and decided upon that name with the addition of an "i".[10] At the age of 20, she made her West End debut in Hair[11] on 27 September 1968, remaining in the cast until March 1970.[12] While also being an understudy for the character of Sheila,[13] she played a member of the tribe in the chorus,[13] for which role she was required to be naked on stage in one scene.[9] She also appeared as an urchin in the West End's Oliver!.[8] Over the next decade, she played roles in various musicals, including Jesus Christ Superstar; Nuts; Grease, in which she played the lead role of Sandy from 1973 to 1974; Billy, from 1974 to 1975 playing Rita;[11][14] and The Boyfriend, as Maisie (1975–1976).[12]
After months of acting and singing auditions,[7] Hal Prince offered the still relatively unknown Paige the title role of Eva Perón in the first stage production of the Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber musical, Evita.[15][16] Her performance won her critical acclaim and brought her into public prominence at the age of 30.[17] Paige was actually the second choice for the part after Julie Covington, but Covington had turned the opportunity down.[17] For her performance in Evita, she won the Laurence Olivier Award for Performance of the Year in a Musical,[18] which at that time was called the Society of West End Theatre Award for Best Actress in a Musical, and the Variety Club Award for Showbusiness Personality of the Year.[19] She played the role for 20 months in total, from 1978 to 1980.[20] She also released her first studio album in 1978, entitled Sitting Pretty.[11] Just prior to her success in Evita, Paige had strongly considered becoming a nursery nurse, but after she sang for Dustin Hoffman, he made her promise that she would continue in theatre work.[17][21] She admitted that she was "fed up with the whole thing" and that she could not even afford new clothing or to eat out; "Evita saved me" she stated.[22]
[edit] 1981–1993: Cats and Chess era
Paige went on to portray some of Lloyd Webber's most notable female characters, creating the role of Grizabella in the original production of Cats from 11 May 1981 to 13 February 1982.[23][24] She took on the role late in the rehearsal process when the actress Judi Dench had to withdraw due to a torn Achilles tendon.[23] Paige's performance of the song "Memory" from Cats, with which she had a Top 10 hit,[25] is her signature piece.[17][26] The single reached number 5 in the UK charts and has since been recorded by a further 160 artists.[27] She reprised the role of Grizabella for the video release of Cats in 1998,[28] one of only two performers in the film from the original London cast, the other one being Susan Jane Tanner as Jellylorum.[24] Paige's website claims that the video soon became the bestselling music video in the UK and America.[29]
The 1983 production of Abbacadabra, written by former ABBA members, Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson,[30] saw Paige star in the role of Carabosse.[31] She then originated the role of Florence for the 1984 concept album of Chess, with lyrics by Tim Rice and music by Ulvaeus and Andersson.[32] Her albums, Stages (1983), and Cinema (1984), rejoined the cast recording of Chess in the UK top 40 chart, giving her three consecutive successful albums.[29] In 1985, Paige released "I Know Him So Well", a duet from Chess, singing with Barbara Dickson.[11] The single held the number 1 position in the British singles charts for four weeks,[33] and still remains the biggest-selling record by a female duo, according to the Guinness Book of Records.[17][34] From 1986 to 1987, Paige appeared as Florence in the stage production of Chess,[11] a role that earned her another Laurence Olivier Award nomination in the category of Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Musical.[35] She next sang at the White House in 1988.[26]
Paige then took on the part of Reno Sweeney in the musical production of Anything Goes, which she co-produced and starred in from 1989 to 1990.[11] Patti Lupone was appearing as Sweeney on Broadway around that time, so Paige sought to become the co-producer of the West End production as a way to secure the role there before Lupone could take it.[20] Playing Reno Sweeney was Paige's first experience using an American accent on stage,[36] and the part obtained her third nomination for an Olivier Award.[37] Beyond her theatre roles, she appeared in the television programme Unexplained Laughter in 1989 alongside Diana Rigg.[11]
In 1993, Paige signed up for a year as French chanteuse Édith Piaf in Pam Gems' musical play, Piaf, to critical acclaim.[14] The Guardian wrote that Paige was "a magnificent, perfect Piaf".[1] The demanding production required Paige to sing 15 songs, some in French, and to be on stage for 2 hours 40 minutes in total, and forced her to leave early due to exhaustion.[14] Her portrayal of Piaf earned her nomination for a fourth Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical;[38] she subsequently released an album, entitled Piaf, containing Édith Piaf songs.[39]
[edit] 1994–2001: Sunset Boulevard and Broadway debut
In 1995, Paige was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) by Queen Elizabeth for her contributions to musical theatre.[40][41]
Paige stepped briefly into the role of Norma Desmond in Lloyd Webber's West End production of Sunset Boulevard in 1994, when Betty Buckley was taken ill due to her undergoing an emergency appendectomy.[42] The nature of the situation meant that Paige only had two-and-a-half weeks in the rehearsal process before her first performance.[42] She admitted feeling daunted by the task which would follow having seen Glenn Close in the role just prior to entering her own rehearsals.[42] London critics were largely won over by Paige in a performance that "not only wrings out every ounce of dramatic action but delivers some unexpected humor as well"[42] and she took over the part full time the following year.[14] She then won the Variety Club Award for Best Actress of the Year,[11] and was nominated for a best actress Olivier Award in 1996 for her performance in the musical.[43]
During the run of Sunset Boulevard at the West End's Adelphi Theatre in 1995, Paige discovered a lump in her breast, prompting her to consult her doctor, who at first reassured her there was nothing to be concerned about.[44] She returned twice, and her doctor subsequently sent her for tests that confirmed the lump was cancerous, nine months after she discovered it.[45] Continuing her role in the production Paige did not miss a show,[22] and stated, "When I did the show I became very emotional. Some of the lyrics suddenly took on an entirely different meaning. Words like, 'as if we never said goodbye' became more real".[44] Paige went in for day surgery on a Sunday due to her theatre commitments, had five years of medical treatment and completed a radiation programme.[44] She spoke for the first time of her encounter with breast cancer in a 2004 interview,[44] and has since described the period as "the most awful thing that’s happened to me in my life".[46]
Paige transferred to the American production of Sunset Boulevard to make her Broadway debut at the Minskoff Theatre on 12 September 1996,[12] staying with the show until it closed on 22 March 1997.[47] On the Sunset Boulevard set in Broadway, the staircase steps had to be raised six inches (15 cm) in order to accommodate Paige's short stature, or it would have been hard to see her behind the banister.[48] Paige was welcomed to the Broadway stage with a long standing ovation from the audience,[49] and received largely positive reviews for her New York performance as Norma Desmond: "The lush sound and the sheer power of her voice are, to put it simply, incredible", wrote one critic, whilst another said "Her voice has great range, remarkable clarity and emotional force".[50] Paige was the first Norma Desmond in Sunset Boulevard to sing one of the show's key songs, "With One Look", which she did first at Lloyd Webber's wedding to Madeleine Gurdon, although at the time the song was called "Just One Glance".[14] Lloyd Webber noted, regarding Paige's performance of one of the show's other prominent songs, "As If We Never Said Goodbye", that it was "as good, if not the best, of anything I've ever heard of mine".[1] Regarding the key lyric in the song, "This world's waited long enough. I've come home at last", Paige had sought to change the way the melody was sung, despite being fully aware of Lloyd-Webber's fastidious tendencies.[42] To her, the moment was not exploited to its fullest potential, so she approached the show's director, David Caddick, and expressed her wish to hold the word "home", to which he agreed.[42] Although she had been disappointed when she hoped to perform on Broadway in Evita, Cats and Chess, Paige stated of her debut there, "It was just the most perfect time to go with that particular show".[14] After Sunset Boulevard finished, she suffered from depression, commenting that the show's closing "was the most terrible feeling. ... I'd felt I'd lost something so very important to me. I thought it had died and gone away".[51]
Arts commentator Melvyn Bragg hosted a special edition of The South Bank Show about Paige's career in 1996, entitled The Faces of Elaine Paige.[52] The episode saw her visiting parts of the world where plays she had starred in had been set.[52]
In 1997, Paige made her United States concert debut when she opened the Boston Pops season, which was aired on WGBH in America.[53] The following year, she made a guest star appearance at Andrew Lloyd Webber's 50th birthday celebration at the Royal Albert Hall.[54] During the birthday tribute show, she sang "Memory" and "Don't Cry for Me Argentina", two songs from her past musical productions by Lloyd Webber. Paige's next role was Célimène in the non-musical play Le Misanthrope in 1998, but she admitted that she missed the musical element and that the silence was slightly unsettling to her.[14] A Lifetime Achievement Award from The National Operatic and Dramatic Association soon followed.[19] She later performed alongside Bette Midler in a 1999 New York concert to raise money for the Breast Cancer Research Foundation.[55]
From 2000 to 2001, she starred as Anna Leonowens in a revival of Rodgers and Hammerstein's The King and I at the London Palladium.[19] Paige had turned down an offer for the role the first time she was approached, but later accepted, admitting that she had "forgotten what a fantastic score it was",[56] although she did question her own suitability for the role.[20] Before the opening, the box office had already taken in excess of £7 million in ticket sales.[57] The critic for The Independent commented, "It may well be impossible to be a success as Evita and a success as Anna" complaining that Paige was not refined enough for the role,[58] whereas The Spectator asserted that the role further strengthened her title as the "First Lady of British Musical Theatre".[59] During her time in The King and I, her mother was diagnosed with cancer. Despite Paige wanting to pull out of the show, her mother insisted that she should continue until her contract had finished,[2] and Paige's sister, Marion Billings, admitted, "That was very hard for Elaine, having to go on stage night after night knowing she wanted to be with Mum".[2]
2002–present: Radio and return to West End and Broadway[link]
Paige sang at the opening of the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah, and then made her Los Angeles concert debut at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium.[60] In 2003, she played Angèle in Where There's a Will, directed by Peter Hall.[19] She next sang the role of Mrs Lovett in the New York City Opera production of Stephen Sondheim's Sweeney Todd in March 2004,[61] earning positive reviews from critics,[62] and a nomination for a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Musical.[63] Paige then embarked upon a UK tour which was entitled "No Strings Attached".[64]
In September 2004, Paige began a weekly radio show, Elaine Paige on Sunday,[40] on BBC Radio 2, featuring music from musical theatre and film.[65] In an unfavourable review, the show was described by Elisabeth Mahoney of The Guardian as "a chilly, alienating listening experience" and a "rare wrong move" on the part of Radio 2.[66] Lisa Martland of The Stage agreed that "it is by far the music that brings me back to the programme ... and not her lightweight presenting style".[67] However, the show regularly attracts 3 million listeners,[30] and interviews are also featured each week.[68] Paige also focused on television appearances, playing Dora Bunner in the 2005 ITV adaptation of Agatha Christie's A Murder is Announced in the Marple series, before performing a guest role as a post mistress in Where the Heart Is.[69] The episode of Marple was watched by 7.78 million viewers.[70]
The release of Paige's first full studio album of new recordings in 12 years was marked in 2006, entitled Essential Musicals.[69] The album included popular songs from musicals identified by a poll on her radio show,[69] in which 400,000 listeners voted.[5] At this point, Paige had recorded 20 solo albums in total, of which eight were consecutively certified gold and another four multi-platinum, and she had been featured on seven cast albums.[5] Paige also appeared in concert in Scandinavia, Hong Kong, Europe, the Middle East, New Zealand, Australia and Singapore.[71] On 20 and 21 December 2006, she performed in concert in Shanghai, extending her concert tour to two dates to satisfy demand.[15] With a noticeable absence from musical theatre, having not taken a role for many years, she explained in 2006 that "there's been nothing that I've wanted to do, and if you're going to commit to a year at the theatre, six days a week, and have no life, then it's got to be something that you want to do with all your heart".[69] She also affirmed that she believes for older actors it becomes harder to obtain theatre roles.[46]
In 2007, Paige made a return to the West End stage for the first time in six years,[40] as the Chaperone/Beatrice Stockwell in The Drowsy Chaperone at the Novello Theatre.[72] The production ran for a disappointing 96 performances,[73] although it had opened to a standing ovation from the audience and a generally optimistic reaction from critics.[74] The Daily Telegraph wrote, "Elaine Paige is a good sport ... enduring jokes about her reputation for being 'difficult' with a grin that doesn't seem all that forced. ... Only the self-importantly serious and the chronically depressed will fail to enjoy this preposterously entertaining evening".[75] Paul Taylor from The Independent was less impressed and wrote "a miscast Elaine Paige manages to be unfunny to an almost ingenious degree as the heroine's bibulous minder".[76] For her performance, Paige was nominated for a What's On Stage Award in the category of Best Supporting Actress in a Musical.[77] She next collaborated with the duo Secret Garden in recording the song "The Things You Are to Me" for their 2007 album, Inside I'm Singing.[78]
To raise money for Sport Relief Paige danced the Tango on Sport Relief does Strictly Come Dancing with Matt Dawson in March 2008, where they were voted second overall.[79] She opened the Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod in July 2008, performing some of her well-known songs from her 40-year career.[80] She next started her world tour, with dates in China, America and Australia.[26] To further celebrate 40 years since her professional stage debut, in October 2008 Paige released a picture-based autobiography entitled Memories.[81] The book took around eight months to compile; "Since Evita I suppose, I had kept a yearbook. My parents always kept cuttings and things like that for me. I did have quite a lot of reference material to work out" Paige commented.[82]
An album entitled Elaine Paige and Friends was produced by Phil Ramone in 2010.[83] The album features duets with Paige and artists such as Johnny Mathis, Barry Manilow and Olivia Newton John as well as a duet with Sinéad O'Connor on a new song 'It's Only Life' penned by Gary Barlow and Tim Rice.[83] Having entered the top 20 of UK album charts,[84] Elaine Paige and Friends went on to achieve gold status.[85]
Paige played the role of Carlotta Campion in the Kennedy Center production of Follies in May and June 2011 at the Eisenhower Theatre in Washington, DC, receiving favorable reviews for her performance of the showstopper, "I'm Still Here." The principal cast starred Bernadette Peters, Jan Maxwell, Ron Raines and Danny Burstein.[86] She reprised this role in the Broadway transfer of the musical at the Marquis Theatre beginning 7 August 2011 and ending on 22 January 2012. Paige will play Carlotta when this production transfers to the Ahmanson Theatre, Los Angeles, California from May 3, 2012 through June 9, 2012.[87]
Legacy[link]
Having had so many starring roles in famous musicals, many to critical acclaim, Paige is often referred to as the First Lady of British Musical Theatre.[22] In 2008, she celebrated the 40th anniversary of her professional debut on the West End stage debut.[81] Paige has never married nor had children,[22][51] although she had an 11-year affair with the lyricist Tim Rice throughout the 1980s.[88] She has said that she wanted to have children, but "it's a wonderful life I have, so I'm very fulfilled in other ways".[69]
Paige's singing abilities have won her worldwide praise, as have her acting skills with Andrew Gans of Playbill magazine writing that "Paige's gift is to dissect a role and determine what phrasing, gesture or emotion can bring a scene to its fullest dramatic potential".[42] Mark Shenton also highlighted her voice in 2008 as "one of the most distinctive and impressive voices in the business".[89] Lloyd-Webber insists that her rendition of "As If We Never Said Goodbye" is one of the best interpretations of a song by him.[1]
Paige has gained herself a reputation as someone who can be "difficult". The Times' Brian Logan wrote, "Paige is not exactly known for her humility. In newspaper profiles, that dread word 'difficult' is often applied".[17] On one occasion, she told a male interviewer that she was going to stop giving interviews to female reporters because, in her own words, "I don't trust other women in these situations. They establish a sisterhood with you and then betray it every time".[14] What has been seen as a cold side to her personality was also noted by Logan,[17] but Paige has said that a common misconception of her is that she is confident and very serious.[90] Another editor found her "refreshingly down-to-earth" and "very friendly".[26]
Views on theatre[link]
Though Paige has enjoyed a long career in musical theatre, she rarely goes to watch musicals, much preferring to watch films or plays.[91] Furthermore, she considers herself primarily an actress before a singer,[14] stating, "I really prefer to be in character".[5] Comparing the work of Rodgers and Hammerstein to that of Lloyd Webber, Paige has said that she finds Rodgers and Hammerstein songs more difficult to sing, and described them as challenging. She concluded, "it's a quieter kind of singing, more controlled, not belting it out".[14]
In light of the physical demands of performing in theatre Paige has said "Musical theatre is the hardest thing any actor will ever do. You become obsessive about sleeping, eating the right food, not speaking and giving yourself vocal rest and keeping exercised".[11] Regarding the pressure of having to be in a fit condition to perform in theatre each night, she remarked "you wouldn't want to read the letters people write when you're off and they're disappointed — it's so awful, the guilt one feels for not being there".[14] As part of a rigorous routine before musical roles to look after her voice, Paige stops eating dairy products and drinking alcohol and also focuses on keeping fit.[14] After about three months into the production when her voice is tiring from performing, she even gives up her social life, sometimes only communicating by notepad and fax.[14] The rehearsal process is when Paige is most contented, using the valuable time to "delve and discover" without the need to feel embarrassed.[42] She also never reads her reviews from critics, finding that it is not helpful to have too many opinions.[7]
Paige has named reality television series such as Any Dream Will Do, which aim to find an unknown actor to play the lead role in a musical, as the greatest threat to theatre today, believing that "actors already striving in the theatre wouldn't dream of putting themselves on these shows".[7] In a later interview, she questioned the seriousness of the actors auditioning for these types of shows: "you wouldn't put yourself up for one of those shows in case you got bumped off the first week and all your colleagues saw it".[17] She has also expressed a wish for more new musicals to be put into production, instead of frequent revivals.[26]
Stage roles[link]
| Duration | Production | Role | Theatre | Awards[31] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1968–1970 | Hair | Member of the Tribe | ||
| 1973–1974 | Grease | Sandy | ||
| 1974–1975 | Billy | Rita | ||
| 1975–1976 | The Boyfriend | Maisie | ||
| 1978–1980 | Evita | Eva Perón | ||
| 1981–1982 | Cats | Grizabella | ||
| 1983–1984 | Abbacadabra | Miss Williams / Carabosse |
|
|
| 1986–1987 | Chess | Florence Vassy |
|
|
| 1989–1990 | Anything Goes | Reno Sweeney | ||
| 1993–1994 | Piaf | Édith Piaf |
|
|
| 1994, 1995–1996, 1996–1997 |
Sunset Boulevard | Norma Desmond |
|
|
| 1998 | Le Misanthrope | Célimène |
|
|
| 2000–2001 | The King and I | Anna Leonowens | ||
| 2003 | Where There's a Will | Angèle | ||
| 2004 | Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street | Mrs. Lovett | ||
| 2007 | The Drowsy Chaperone | The Drowsy Chaperone / Beatrice Stockwell | ||
| 2011 | Follies | Carlotta Campion |
|
TV roles[link]
In the 1980 ITV drama series, "Lady Killers", Paige played convicted murderer Kate Webster.
Discography[link]
Solo albums[link]
| Year | Album title | Other notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1978 | Sitting Pretty | First solo album release, issued by EMI |
| 1981 | Elaine Paige | First album released on WEA charted in the UK at #56 in May 1982 |
| 1983 | Stages | Second album released on WEA charted in the UK at #2 in 1983 |
| 1984 | Cinema | |
| 1985 | Love Hurts | |
| 1986 | Christmas | |
| 1987 | Memories: The Best Of Elaine Paige | Compilation album with material from albums recorded at WEA; includes one new recording. |
| 1988 | The Queen Album | Issued on Siren Records, Virgin Vip label. Features songs previously recorded by Queen |
| 1990 | The Collection | Second compilation album with material from albums recorded at WEA; Includes Paul McCartney's Hot As Sun with lyrics by Tim Rice. |
| 1991 | Love Can Do That | Elaine Paige's first album on RCA Records, reached #36 in the UK album chart. |
| 1991 | An Evening With Elaine Paige | Live recordings of her 1991 UK Tour |
| 1993 | Romance & the Stage | |
| 1994 | Piaf | Songs featured in the musical Piaf |
| 1995 | Encore | Compilation album with material taken from the WEA albums; 1981 to 1994. Includes three new recordings from the musical Sunset Boulevard |
| 1996 | Performance | Live recordings of her 1991 UK Tour |
| 1997 | From a Distance | A compilation of Love Can Do That and Romance & the Stage plus two tracks from the 1991 UK Tour |
| 1998 | On Reflection: The Very Best Of Elaine Paige | |
| 2004 | Centre Stage: The Very Best Of Elaine Paige | Including 9 previously unreleased studio recordings and 3 live recordings |
| 2006 | Essential Musicals | A collection of songs from Musical theater, issued on Universal Music TV label, W14. Charted at #46 in UK album charts. |
| 2007 | Songbook | |
| 2009 | Elaine Paige Live | Live recording made as part of Paige's tour celebrating 40 years since she first appeared in the West End |
| 2010 | Elaine Paige and Friends |
Cast recordings[link]
| Year | Album title | Other notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | Fresh "Hair" | Original London Cast Recording |
| 1974 | Billy | Original London Cast Recording |
| 1978 | The Barrier: A Love Story | 1978 London Studio Cast Recording |
| 1978 | Evita | Original London Cast Recording |
| 1981 | Cats | Original London Cast Recording |
| 1984 | Chess | |
| 1989 | Anything Goes | 1989 London Cast Recording |
| 1992 | Nine | |
| 2000 | The King and I | 2000 London Cast Recording |
| 2011 | Follies | 2011 Broadway Revival Cast Recording |
Other albums and guest appearances[link]
Elaine featured with the group 'The Colors of Love' on three singles in 1968/9 on the label 'Page One' with three records written by Mike Hazelwood and Alan Hammond.
The group consisted of Elaine Paige, Jill Longstaff, Joan Knighton, Terry Pritchard, John Shepherd and Russel Stone.
POF060: I'm A Train / Up On A Cotton Cloud
POF086: Just Another Fly / 2010
POF124: Mother of Convention / Songs Mother Made
| Year | Album title | Other notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1972 | Hatching Out | With the group Sparrow; lead vocals on "Don't Ask", "Many Things Are Clear", "Dream Song", Rainsun Song" and "Hello Goodbye". The last track was unreleased until the album was re-issued on CD in 1995. |
| 1998 | Songs from Whistle Down the Wind | Recording of the song "If Only" |
| 2000 | Michael Ball - Christmas | Duet on "As Long As There's Christmas" |
| 2001 | Andrew Lloyd Webber — Masterpiece | Live recording of concert at the Great Hall of the People, Beijing, China. |
| 2010 | I Dreamed a Dream - The Susan Boyle Story | Live duet with Susan Boyle |
Videos and DVDs[link]
| Year | Album title | Other notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1985 | Lyrics by Tim Rice | Performances of "Don't Cry for Me Argentina" and "I Know Him So Well" |
| 1998 | Cats | Reprising her role as Grizabella |
| 1991 | Elaine Paige in Concert | Live recording at the Birmingham Symphony Hall of 1991 concert tour |
| 1998 | Andrew Lloyd Webber — Celebration | Live performances of "Don't Cry for Me Argentina" and "Memory" |
| 2001 | Andrew Lloyd Webber — Masterpiece | Live performances of "Don't Cry for Me Argentina", "The Heart is Slow to Learn", "Memory", "The Perfect Year", "As If We Never Said Goodbye", "No Matter What" and "Ni Yong You Wo De Wei Lai — Friends for Life" (The Chinese translation of "Amigos Para Siempre") |
| 2009 | Elaine Paige Live — Celebrating A Life On Stage | A live recording from Elaine`s `40th Anniversary Tour` including "Don't Cry for Me Argentina", "Tomorrow", "Memory", "Non, Je Ne Regrette Rien", "As If We Never Said Goodbye", "I Get A Kick Out Of You" and "Broadway Baby" |
References[link]
- ^ a b c d e f g h Gans, Andrew. Diva Talk: Meet Broadway's New Norma, Elaine Paige. Playbill, 11 September 1996. Retrieved on 24 February 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f Fox, Sue. Relative Values: Elaine Paige, singer, and her sister, Marion. The Times, 23 May 2004. Retrieved on 5 January 2008.
- ^ Ms Elaine Jill Paige company-director-check.co.uk. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
- ^ Elaine is a little cross. The Daily Express, 14 June 2007. Retrieved on 21 January 2007.
- ^ a b c d Copstick, Kate. A new Paige. The Scotsman, 21 October 2006. Retrieved on 18 January 2008.
- ^ a b c Actress and singer Elaine Paige. abc.net.au, 11 October 2005. Retrieved on 7 January 2008.
- ^ a b c d Barnett, Laura. Portrait of the artist: Elaine Paige, actor. The Guardian, 22 May 2007. Retrieved on 7 January 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f g Barber, Richard. Me and my school photo: Elaine Page remembers the heartfelt sob at an end-of-term concert that sparked her acting career. The Daily Mail, 21 November 2009. Retrieved on 28 January 2010.
- ^ a b c Angie Davidson Interviews Elaine Paige. lupus.org.uk. Retrieved on 10 March 2008.
- ^ a b c This Morning - Elaine Paige. itv.com. Retrieved on 26 August 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Shenton, Mark. Turning another Paige - Elaine Paige. The Stage, 10 December 2004. Retrieved on 12 April 2008.
- ^ a b c Elaine Paige Shows. Elaine Paige Official Website. Retrieved on 2 July 2008.
- ^ a b Fessier, Bruce. Keep turning the Paige. The Desert Sun, 10 August 2008. Retrieved on 14 August 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Barber, Lynn. Show girl. The Guardian, 16 May 2000. Retrieved on 7 January 2008.
- ^ a b Qiao, Michelle. Elaine Paige sings to Shanghai. China Daily, 12 December 2006. Retrieved on 18 January 2008.
- ^ Lloyd Webber to revive Evita show. BBC News, 31 January 2006. Retrieved on 5 January 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Logan, Brian. The turning of the Paige. The Times, 4 June 2007. Retrieved on 6 January 2008.
- ^ The Nominees and Winners of The Laurence Olivier Awards for 1978. Society of London Theatre. Retrieved on 24 February 2008.
- ^ a b c d Elaine Paige to Return to the West End in B'way Hit The Drowsy Chaperone. london.broadway.com. Retrieved on 5 January 2008.
- ^ a b c Shenton, Mark. Elaine Paige. london.broadway.com, 11 June 2007. Retrieved on 20 April 2008.
- ^ Elaine Paige is Celebrating Good Times. Living North. Retrieved on 14 September 2010.
- ^ a b c d Elaine Paige: Sex, drugs and musicals. The Daily Telegraph, 20 September 2008. Retrieved on 25 August 2010.
- ^ a b Record-breaking Cats bows out. BBC News, 15 January 2002. Retrieved on 5 January 2008.
- ^ a b Marks, Peter. Cover Story; Broadway's 'Cats': Restaged for Eternity (And We Thought They Were Kidding!). The New York Times, 1 November 1998. Retrieved on 6 January 2008.
- ^ Elaine Paige launches eisteddfod. BBC News, 9 July 2008. Retrieved on 13 July 2008.
- ^ a b c d e Price, Karen. Elaine Paige - the First Lady of Theatre. Western Mail, 27 June 2008. Retrieved on 29 June 2008.
- ^ Milner, Catherine. Lloyd Webber's Cats give their final miaow. The Daily Telegraph, 5 December 2002. Retrieved on 5 January 2008.
- ^ Paws and play - Cats goes to video. BBC News, 1 October 1998. Retrieved on 5 January 2008.
- ^ a b Elaine Paige Biography. Elaine Paige Official Website. Retrieved on 5 January 2008.
- ^ a b Blackman, Jaine. Elaine Page & Michael Ball - The Rec. Swindon Advertiser, 15 July 2006. Retrieved on 19 January 2007.
- ^ a b Elaine Paige career profile. Elaine Paige Official Website. Retrieved on 5 January 2008.
- ^ Groban & Menzel Star in Chess at Royal Albert Hall. whatsonstage.com, 11 January 2008. Retrieved on 19 January 2008.
- ^ Corliss, Richard. A Hit Show for the Record. Time, 18 March 1985. Retrieved on 5 January 2008.
- ^ You ask the questions (Such as: so, Elaine Paige, have you ever sung in a karaoke bar?). The Independent, 7 June 2000. Retrieved on 29 January 2008.
- ^ a b The Nominees and Winners of The Laurence Olivier Awards for 1986. Society of London Theatre. Retrieved on 24 February 2008.
- ^ Trucco, Terry. A London Accent for 'Anything Goes'. The New York Times, 25 July 1989. Retrieved on 21 March 2008.
- ^ a b The Nominees and Winners of The Laurence Olivier Awards for 1989/90. Society of London Theatre. Retrieved on 24 February 2008.
- ^ a b The Nominees and Winners of The Laurence Olivier Awards for 1994. Society of London Theatre. Retrieved on 24 February 2008.
- ^ Piaf. Amazon. Retrieved on 19 February 2008.
- ^ a b c Elaine Paige returns to West End. BBC News, 18 January 2007. Retrieved on 5 January 2008.
- ^ a b London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 54066. pp. 10–13. 16 June 1995. Retrieved 19 February 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Gans, Andrew. America, Meet Elaine Paige. Playbill, 15 September 1996. Retrieved on 25 August 2010.
- ^ a b The Nominees and Winners of The Laurence Olivier Awards for 1996. Society of London Theatre. Retrieved on 24 February 2008.
- ^ a b c d Hardy, Rebecca. Elaine's close curtain call. The Daily Mail, 8 May 2004. Retrieved on 6 January 2008.
- ^ Cummins, Fiona. Elaine's Secret Breast Cancer Battle. Daily Mirror, 8 May 2004. Retrieved on 7 January 2008.
- ^ a b Bishop, Caroline. The Big Interview: Elaine Paige. Society of London Theatre, 6 June 2007. Retrieved on 6 January 2007.
- ^ Weber, Bruce. The Fans Kept Howling for More, but That's All There Was. The New York Times, 24 March 1997. Retrieved on 11 July 2008.
- ^ Brantley, Ben. Growth Factor: It's a Force of Will. The New York Times, 13 September 1996. Retrieved on 27 March 2008.
- ^ Donovan, Deirdre. An Interview with Elaine Paige. theatrescene.net, 17 September 2010. Retrieved on 19 February 2011.
- ^ Gans, Andrew. Diva Talk: Elaine Shines/ Betty Sings. Playbill, 13 September 1996. Retrieved on 24 February 2008.
- ^ a b Barber, Richard. Getting to know me: Elaine Paige. Daily Mirror, 16 April 2000. Retrieved from findarticles.com on 6 January 2008.
- ^ a b Torreano, Bradley. Elaine Paige Biography. MTV. Retrieved on 29 March 2008.
- ^ Gans, Andrew. Diva Talk: Together at Last (Again): Elaine in Boston; Patti in London. Playbill, 16 May 1997. Retrieved on 24 February 2008.
- ^ Van Gelder, Lawrence. Footlights. The New York Times, 7 April 1998. Retrieved on 7 January 2008.
- ^ Gans, Andrew. Diva Talk: Charitable Divas and More. Playbill, 7 May 1999. Retrieved on 24 February 2008.
- ^ Low, Valentine. New Paige turns for King and I. The London Evening Standard, 25 April 2000. Retrieved on 21 January 2007.
- ^ King and I opens in triumph. BBC News, 4 May 2000. Retrieved on 20 April 2008.
- ^ Butler, Robert. All dressed up but going nowhere. The Independent, 8 May 2000. Retrieved on 20 April 2008.
- ^ Morley, Sheridan. The first lady sings. The Spectator, 13 May 2000. Retrieved on 20 April 2008.
- ^ Ehren, Christine.Elaine Paige Sings for Olympics Feb. 15-16; Makes L.A. Concert Debut Feb. 20-21. Playbill, 15 February 2002. Retrieved on 24 February 2008.
- ^ Zinoman, Jason. On Stage And Off. The New York Times, 30 January 2004. Retrieved on 6 January 2008.
- ^ New York City Opera's Sweeney Todd reviews. The Stephen Sondheim Society, 12 March 2004. Retrieved on 9 May 2008.
- ^ Gans, Andrew. Elaine Paige to Record New Theatre Album. Playbill, 25 June 2006. Retrieved on 24 February 2008.
- ^ Gans, Andrew. Elaine Paige to Launch "No Strings Attached Tour" in May. Playbill, 25 December 2003. Retrieved on 24 February 2008.
- ^ Lulu stars in new Radio 2 line-up. BBC News, 3 August 2004. Retrieved on 5 January 2008.
- ^ Mahoney, Elisabeth. Shrill by mouth. The Guardian, 30 May 2005. Retrieved on 5 January 2008.
- ^ Martland, Lisa. Radio - light programme. The Stage, 30 April 2007. Retrieved on 12 April 2008.
- ^ Gans, Andrew. West End Star Elaine Paige to Host BBC Radio Program . Playbill, 11 August 2004. Retrieved on 24 June 2008.
- ^ a b c d e Marlow, Will. Rock and pop. Manchester Evening News, 17 October 2006. Retrieved on 6 January 2008.
- ^ Weekly Viewing Summary. See w.e 02/01/05. Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved on 9 March 2008.
- ^ Paige starts Antipodes tour. The Stage, 20 September 2005. Retrieved on 12 April 2008.
- ^ Baluch, Lalayn. West End's The Drowsy Chaperone to close in August. The Stage, 10 July 2007. Retrieved on 5 January 2008.
- ^ Hastings, Chris and Jones, Beth. Early curtain call for 25 West End shows. The Daily Telegraph, 29 July 2007. Retrieved on 8 March 2008.
- ^ Ouzounian, Richard. Drowsy Chaperone wakes up British critics. The Star, 8 June 2007. Retrieved on 20 April 2008.
- ^ Spencer, Charles. Frothy and inane, but curiously touching. The Daily Telegraph, 7 June 2007. Retrieved on 20 April 2008.
- ^ Taylor, Paul. The Drowsy Chaperone, Novello Theatre, London. The Independent, 8 June 2007. Retrieved on 20 April 2008.
- ^ a b WOS Theatregoers' Choice Nominees Announced. whatsonstage.com, 7 December 2007. Retrieved on 22 February 2008.
- ^ Gans, Andrew. Paige, Streisand and More Featured on Secret Garden's "Inside I'm Singing" CD. Playbill, 4 December 2007. Retrieved on 24 February 2008.
- ^ Sport Relief. The Daily Mirror, 14 March 2008. Retrieved on 15 March 2008.
- ^ Elaine Paige to open latest chapter of International Musical Eisteddfod. Wrexham Evening Leader, 15 January 2008. Retrieved on 8 May 2008.
- ^ a b Gans, Andrew. Elaine Paige Memoir entitled "Memories," Arrives in U.K. Stores Oct. 2 Playbill, 2 October 2008. Retrieved on 18 October 2008.
- ^ Gans, Andrew. DIVA TALK: Catching Up with Elaine Paige. Playbill, 18 September 2009. Retrieved on 28 January 2010.
- ^ a b Hetrick, Adam, Gans, Andrew. Dionne Warwick, Olivia Newton-John and John Barrowman to Duet on Elaine Paige Album. Playbill, 18 August 2010. Retrieved on 25 August 2010.
- ^ Gans, Andrew. "Elaine Paige and Friends" CD Debuts in U.K. Top 20. Playbill, 8 November 2010. Retrieved on 7 December 2010.
- ^ Gans, Andrew. "Elaine Paige and Friends" CD Goes Gold. Playbill, 20 December 2010. Retrieved on 19 February 2011.
- ^ Gans, Andrew. "Hats Off, Here They Come, Those Beautiful Girls": Starry Follies Begins Kennedy Center Run May 7". Playbill, 7 May 2011. Retrieved 29 May 2011.
- ^ Gans, Andrew (22 January 2012). "Hey, L.A., We're Coming Your Way: 'Follies' Ends Broadway Run Jan. 22". Playbill. http://www.playbill.com/news/article/158790-Hey-LA-Were-Coming-Your-Way-Follies-Ends-Broadway-Run-Jan-22. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
- ^ Bertodano, Helena de. Tunes are child's play. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved on 6 January 2008.
- ^ Shenton, Mark. Another turn of (the) Paige….. The Stage, 24 September 2008. Retrieved on 25 August 2010.
- ^ Dykes, Andy. The 5-Minute Interview: Elaine Paige, Singer, actor and broadcaster. The Independent, 14 May 2007. Retrieved on 18 January 2008.
- ^ Ellis, James. Elaine Page Interview. Metro, 5 January 2001. Retrieved on 7 January 2008.
External links[link]
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Elaine Paige |
- Official website
- BBC Radio 2 - Elaine Paige at bbc.co.uk
- Elaine Paige at the Internet Movie Database
- Elaine Paige at the Internet Broadway Database
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Paige, Elaine |
| Alternative names | Bickerstaff, Elaine |
| Short description | British singer |
| Date of birth | 5 March 1948 |
| Place of birth | London, England, UK |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other uses, see Barbra Streisand (disambiguation).
| Barbra Streisand | |
|---|---|
 Barbra Streisand in concert, O2 Arena, London 2007 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Barbara Joan Streisand |
| Born | (1942-04-24) April 24, 1942 (age 70) Brooklyn, New York, U.S. |
| Genres | Broadway, traditional pop, adult contemporary |
| Occupations | singer-songwriter, actress, film producer, director |
| Years active | 1957–present |
| Labels | Columbia |
| Website | barbrastreisand.com |
Barbra Joan Streisand (/ˈstraɪsænd/; born April 24, 1942) is an American singer, actress, writer, film producer and director. She has won two Academy Awards,[1] eight Grammy Awards,[2] five Emmy Awards including one Daytime Emmy,[3] a Special Tony Award, an American Film Institute award,[4] a Peabody Award,[4] and is one of the few entertainers who have won an Oscar, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Award.
She is one of the most commercially and critically successful entertainers in modern entertainment history, with more than 71.5 million albums shipped in the United States and 140 million albums sold worldwide.[5][6] She is the best-selling female artist on the Recording Industry Association of America's (RIAA) Top Selling Artists list, the only female recording artist in the top ten, and the only artist outside of the rock and roll genre.[7] Along with Frank Sinatra, Cher, and Shirley Jones, she shares the distinction of being awarded an acting Oscar and also recording a number-one single on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart.
According to the RIAA, Streisand holds the record for the most top-ten albums of any female recording artist – a total of 32 since 1963.[8] Streisand has the widest span (48 years) between first and latest top-ten albums of any female recording artist. With her 2009 album, Love Is the Answer, she became one of the rare artists to achieve number-one albums in five consecutive decades.[9] According to the RIAA, she has released 51 Gold albums, 30 Platinum albums, and 13 Multi-Platinum albums in the United States.[2]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Barbara Joan Streisand (see name change) was born on April 24, 1942, in Brooklyn, New York, to a Jewish family, the daughter of Emanuel and Diana (née Rosen) Streisand, both of Austrian descent. She is the second of two siblings sired by Emanuel (her older brother is Sheldon), who was a respected high school teacher. Fifteen months after Streisand's birth, her father died of a cerebral hemorrhage and the family went into near-poverty.[10] Streisand first attended the Jewish Orthodox Yeshiva of Brooklyn, giving a solo performance at the age of 7.[11] She later attended Erasmus Hall High School in Brooklyn and joined the Freshman Chorus and Choral Club.[12][13]. Streisand recollects, "I'm so glad I came from Brooklyn--it's down to earth."[14]
Diana Rosen Streisand remarried Louis Kind in 1949[10] and gave Streisand a half-sister, the singer Roslyn Kind[10][15][16] Kind is 9 years younger than Barbra.[17]
Barbra Streisand became a nightclub singer while in her teens. She wanted to be an actress and appeared in summer stock and in a number of Off-Off-Broadway productions, including Driftwood (1959), with then-unknown Joan Rivers. (In her autobiography, Rivers wrote that she played a lesbian with a crush on Streisand's character, but this was later denied by the play's author.) Driftwood ran for only six weeks.[18] When her boyfriend, Barry Dennen, helped her create a club act — first performed at The Lion, a popular gay nightclub in Manhattan's Greenwich Village in 1960 — she achieved success as a singer. While singing at The Lion for several weeks, she changed her name from Barbara to Barbra.[19][20] Afterward she appeared at other New York nightclubs, including the Bon Soir and the Blue Angel. One early appearance outside of New York City was at Enrico Banducci’s hungry i nightclub in San Francisco.[citation needed] In 1961, Streisand appeared at the Town and Country nightclub in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, but her appearance was cut short; the club owner did not appreciate her singing style.[21] Streisand appeared at Baker's Keyboard Lounge in Detroit in 1961.[22]
Streisand's first television appearance was on The Tonight Show, then hosted by Jack Paar, in 1961, singing Harold Arlen's "A Sleepin' Bee".[23] Orson Bean, who substituted for Paar that night, had seen the singer perform at a gay bar and booked her for the telecast. (Her older brother Sheldon paid NBC for a kinescope film so she could use it in 1961 to promote herself. Decades later the film was preserved through digitizing and is available for viewing on a website.)[24] Later in 1961, Streisand became a semi-regular on PM East/PM West, a talk/variety series. PM East was hosted by Mike Wallace and Joyce Davidson.[25] PM West was hosted by Terrence O'Flaherty. Westinghouse Broadcasting, which aired the television show in a select few cities (Boston, New York, Baltimore, Washington DC, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Chicago and San Francisco), wiped all the videotapes soon after broadcasting them.[26] Audio segments from some episodes, which were saved by Streisand's fans, are part of the compilation CD Just for the Record, which went platinum in 1991. The singer said on 60 Minutes in 1991 that 30 years earlier Mike Wallace had been "mean, very mean" to her on PM East/PM West.[27] He countered that she had been "totally self-absorbed." 60 Minutes included the audio of Streisand saying to him in 1961, "I like the fact that you are provoking. But don't provoke me."[28]
In 1962, after several appearances on PM East/PM West, Streisand first appeared on Broadway, in the small but star-making role of Miss Marmelstein in the musical I Can Get It for You Wholesale. Her first album, The Barbra Streisand Album, won two Grammy Awards in 1963. Following her success in I Can Get It for You Wholesale, Streisand made several appearances on The Tonight Show in 1962 and 1963. Topics covered in her interviews with host Johnny Carson included the empire-waisted dresses that she bought wholesale and her "crazy" reputation at Erasmus Hall High School.[29] As is the case with Mike Wallace, only audio survives from small portions of her telecast conversations with Carson. It was at about this time that Streisand entered into a long and successful professional relationship with Lee Solters and Sheldon Roskin as her publicists with the firm Solters/Roskin (later Solters/Roskin/Friedman).
Streisand returned to Broadway in 1964 with an acclaimed performance as entertainer Fanny Brice in Funny Girl at the Winter Garden Theatre. The show introduced two of her signature songs, "People" and "Don't Rain on My Parade." Because of the play's overnight success, she appeared on the cover of Time. In 1966, she repeated her success with Funny Girl in London's West End at the Prince of Wales Theatre. From 1965 to 1967 she appeared in her first four solo television specials.
Career[link]
Singing[link]
Streisand has recorded 35 studio albums, almost all with Columbia Records. Her early works in the 1960s (her debut The Barbra Streisand Album, The Second Barbra Streisand Album, The Third Album, My Name Is Barbra, etc.) are considered classic renditions of theater and cabaret standards, including her pensive version of the normally uptempo "Happy Days Are Here Again". She performed this in a duet with Judy Garland on The Judy Garland Show. Garland referred to her on the air as one of the last great belters. They also sang "There's No Business Like Show Business" with Ethel Merman joining them.
Beginning with My Name Is Barbra, her early albums were often medley-filled keepsakes of her television specials. Starting in 1969, she began attempting more contemporary material, but like many talented singers of the day, she found herself out of her element with rock. Her vocal talents prevailed, and she gained newfound success with the pop and ballad-oriented Richard Perry-produced album Stoney End in 1971. The title track, written by Laura Nyro, was a major hit for Streisand.
During the 1970s, she was also highly prominent on the pop charts, with Top 10 recordings such as "The Way We Were" (US No. 1), "Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)" (US No. 1), "No More Tears (Enough Is Enough)" (1979, with Donna Summer), which as of 2010 is reportedly still the most commercially successful duet, (US No. 1), "You Don't Bring Me Flowers" (with Neil Diamond) (US No. 1) and "The Main Event" (US No. 3), some of which came from soundtrack recordings of her films. As the 1970s ended, Streisand was named the most successful female singer in the U.S. — only Elvis Presley and The Beatles had sold more albums.[30] In 1980, she released her best-selling effort to date, the Barry Gibb-produced Guilty. The album contained the hits "Woman in Love" (which spent several weeks atop the pop charts in the Fall of 1980), "Guilty", and "What Kind of Fool".
After years of largely ignoring Broadway and traditional pop music in favor of more contemporary material, Streisand returned to her musical-theater roots with 1985's The Broadway Album, which was unexpectedly successful, holding the coveted No. 1 Billboard position for three straight weeks, and being certified quadruple platinum. The album featured tunes by Rodgers & Hammerstein, George Gershwin, Jerome Kern, and Stephen Sondheim, who was persuaded to rework some of his songs especially for this recording. The Broadway Album was met with acclaim, including a Grammy nomination for album of the year and, ultimately, handed Streisand her eighth Grammy as Best Female Vocalist. After releasing the live album One Voice in 1986, Streisand was set to take another musical journey along the Great White Way in 1988. She recorded several cuts for the album under the direction of Rupert Holmes, including "On My Own" (from Les Misérables), a medley of "How Are Things in Glocca Morra?" and "Heather on the Hill" (from Finian's Rainbow and Brigadoon, respectively), "All I Ask of You" (from The Phantom of the Opera), "Warm All Over" (from The Most Happy Fella) and an unusual solo version of "Make Our Garden Grow" (from Candide). Streisand was not happy with the direction of the project and it was ultimately scrapped. Only "Warm All Over" and a reworked, lite FM-friendly version of "All I Ask of You" were ever released, the latter appearing on Streisand's 1988 effort, Till I Loved You. At the beginning of the 1990s, Streisand started focusing on her film directorial efforts and became almost inactive in the recording studio. In 1991, a four-disc box set, Just for the Record, was released. A compilation spanning Streisand's entire career to date, it featured over 70 tracks of live performances, greatest hits, rarities and previously unreleased material.
The following year, Streisand's concert fundraising events helped propel former President Bill Clinton into the spotlight and into office.[31] Streisand later introduced Clinton at his inauguration in 1993. Streisand's music career, however, was largely on hold. A 1992 appearance at an APLA benefit as well as the aforementioned inaugural performance hinted that Streisand was becoming more receptive to the idea of live performances. A tour was suggested, though Streisand would not immediately commit to it, citing her well-known stage fright as well as security concerns. During this time, Streisand finally returned to the recording studio and released Back to Broadway in June 1993. The album was not as universally lauded as its predecessor, but it did debut at No. 1 on the pop charts (a rare feat for an artist of Streisand's age, especially given that it relegated Janet Jackson's Janet to the No. 2 spot). One of the album's highlights was a medley of "I Have A Love" / "One Hand, One Heart", a duet with Johnny Mathis, who Streisand said is one of her favorite singers (this is stated in the CD's liner notes).[citation needed]
In 1993, New York Times music critic Stephen Holden wrote that Streisand "enjoys a cultural status that only one other American entertainer, Frank Sinatra, has achieved in the last half century."[32] In September 1993, Streisand announced her first public concert appearances in 27 years. What began as a two-night New Year's event at the MGM Grand Hotel in Las Vegas eventually led to a multi-city tour in the summer of 1994. Tickets to the tour were sold out in under one hour. Streisand also appeared on the covers of major magazines in anticipation of what Time magazine named "The Music Event of the Century." The tour was one of the biggest all-media merchandise parlays in history. Ticket prices ranged from US$50 to US$1,500 – making Streisand the highest-paid concert performer in history. Barbra Streisand: The Concert went on to be the top-grossing concert of the year and earned five Emmy Awards and the Peabody Award, while the taped broadcast on HBO is, to date, the highest-rated concert special in HBO's 30-year history. Following the tour's conclusion, Streisand once again kept a low profile musically, instead focusing her efforts on acting and directing duties as well as a burgeoning romance with actor James Brolin.
In 1997, she finally returned to the recording studio, releasing Higher Ground, a collection of songs of a loosely-inspirational nature which also featured a duet with Céline Dion. The album received generally favorable reviews and, remarkably, once again debuted at No. 1 on the pop charts. Following her marriage to Brolin in 1998, Streisand recorded an album of love songs entitled A Love Like Ours the following year. Reviews were mixed, with many critics carping about the somewhat syrupy sentiments and overly-lush arrangements; however, it did produce a modest hit for Streisand in the country-tinged "If You Ever Leave Me", a duet with Vince Gill.
On New Year's Eve 1999, Streisand returned to the concert stage, with the highest-grossing single concert in Las Vegas history to date.[citation needed] At the end of the millennium, she was the number-one female singer in the U.S., with at least two No. 1 albums in each decade since she began performing. A two-disc live album of the concert entitled Timeless: Live in Concert was released in 2000. Streisand performed versions of the Timeless concert in Sydney and Melbourne, Australia, in early 2000. In advance of four concerts (two each in Los Angeles and New York) in September 2000, Streisand announced she was retiring from paying public concerts. Her performance of the song "People" was broadcast on the Internet via America Online.
Streisand's most-recent albums have been Christmas Memories (2001), a somewhat somber collection of holiday songs (which felt entirely —albeit unintentionally— appropriate in the early post-9/11 days), and The Movie Album (2003), featuring famous film themes and backed by a large symphony orchestra. Guilty Pleasures (called Guilty Too in the UK), a collaboration with Barry Gibb and a sequel to their Guilty, was released worldwide in 2005.
In February 2006, Streisand recorded the song "Smile" alongside Tony Bennett at Streisand's Malibu home. The song is included on Tony Bennett's 80th birthday album, Duets. In September 2006, the pair filmed a live performance of the song for a special directed by Rob Marshall entitled Tony Bennett: An American Classic. The special aired on NBC November 21, 2006, and was released on DVD the same day. Streisand's duet with Bennett opened the special. In 2006, Streisand announced her intent to tour again, in an effort to raise money and awareness for multiple issues. After four days of rehearsal at the Sovereign Bank Arena in Trenton, New Jersey, the tour began on October 4 at the Wachovia Center in Philadelphia, continued with a featured stop in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, (this was the concert Streisand chose to film for a TV special), and concluded at Staples Center in Los Angeles on November 20, 2006. Special guests Il Divo were interwoven throughout the show. The show was known as Streisand: The Tour.
Streisand's 20-concert tour set box-office records. At the age of 64, well past the prime of most performers, she grossed $92,457,062 and set house gross records in 14 of the 16 arenas played on the tour. She set the third-place record for her October 9, 2006, show at Madison Square Garden, the first- and second-place records of which are held by her two shows in September 2000. She set the second-place record at the MGM Grand Garden Arena, with her December 31, 1999, show being the house record and the highest-grossing concert of all time. This led many people to openly criticize Streisand for price gouging, as many tickets sold for upwards of $1,000.[citation needed]
A collection of performances culled from different stops on this tour, Live in Concert 2006, debuted at No. 7 on the Billboard 200, making it Streisand's 29th Top 10 album.[33] In the summer of 2007, Streisand gave concerts for the first time in continental Europe. The first concert took place in Zürich (June 18), then Vienna (June 22), Paris (June 26), Berlin (June 30), Stockholm (July 4, canceled), Manchester (July 10) and Celbridge, near Dublin (July 14), followed by three concerts in London (July 18, 22 and 25), the only European city where Streisand had performed before 2007. Tickets for the London dates cost between £100.00 and £1,500.00 and for the Ireland date between €118 and €500. The tour included a 58-piece orchestra.
In February 2008, Forbes listed Streisand as the No. 2 earning female musician, between June 2006 and June 2007, with earnings of about $60 million.[34] Although Streisand's range has changed with time and her voice has deepened over the years, her vocal prowess has remained remarkably secure for a singer whose career has endured for nearly half a century. Streisand is a contralto or possibly a mezzo-soprano who has a range consisting of well over two octaves from "low E to a high G and probably a bit more that [sic?] in either direction."[35] On November 17, 2008, Streisand returned to the studio to begin recording what would be her sixty-third album[36] and it was announced that Diana Krall was producing the album.[37] Streisand is one of the recipients of the 2008 Kennedy Center Honors.[38] On December 7, 2008, she visited the White House as part of the ceremonies.[36]
On April 25, 2009, CBS aired Streisand's latest TV special, Streisand: Live in Concert, highlighting the aforementioned featured stop from her 2006 North American tour, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. On September 26, 2009, Streisand performed a one-night-only show at the Village Vanguard in New York City's Greenwich Village.[39] This performance was later released on DVD as One Night Only Barbra Streisand and Quartet at The Village Vanguard. On September 29, 2009, Streisand and Columbia Records released her newest studio album, Love is the Answer, produced by Diana Krall.[40] On October 2, 2009, Streisand made her British television performance debut with an interview on Friday Night With Jonathan Ross to promote the album. This album debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 and registered her biggest weekly sales since 1997, making Streisand the only artist in history to achieve No. 1 albums in five different decades.
On February 1, 2010, Streisand joined over 80 other artists in recording a new version of the 1985 charity single "We Are the World". Quincy Jones and Lionel Richie planned to release the new version to mark the 25th anniversary of its original recording. These plans changed, however, in view of the devastating earthquake that hit Haiti on January 12, 2010, and on February 12, the song, now called "We Are the World 25 for Haiti", made its debut as a charity single to support relief aid for the beleaguered island nation.
In 2011, she sang with Jackie Evancho in a song called "Somewhere" on Jackie Evancho' album Dream With Me.
Streisand was honored as MusiCares Person of the Year on February 11, 2011, two days prior to the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards.
Streisand is one of many singers who use teleprompters during their live performances. Streisand has defended her choice in using teleprompters to display lyrics and, sometimes, banter.[41]
Acting[link]
Her first film was a reprise of her Broadway hit, Funny Girl (1968), an artistic and commercial success directed by Hollywood veteran William Wyler. Streisand won the 1968 Academy Award for Best Actress for the role, sharing it with Katharine Hepburn (The Lion in Winter), the only time there has been a tie in this Oscar category. Her next two movies were also based on musicals, Jerry Herman's Hello, Dolly!, directed by Gene Kelly (1969), and Alan Jay Lerner's and Burton Lane's On a Clear Day You Can See Forever, directed by Vincente Minnelli (1970), while her fourth film was based on the Broadway play The Owl and the Pussycat (1970).
During the 1970s, Streisand starred in several screwball comedies, including What's Up, Doc? (1972) and The Main Event (1979), both co-starring Ryan O'Neal, and For Pete's Sake (1974) with Michael Sarrazin. One of her most famous roles during this period was in the drama The Way We Were (1973) with Robert Redford, for which she received an Academy Award nomination as Best Actress. She earned her second Academy Award for Best Original Song as composer (together with lyricist Paul Williams) for the song "Evergreen", from A Star Is Born in 1976.
Along with Paul Newman, Sidney Poitier and later Steve McQueen, Streisand formed First Artists Production Company in 1969, so the actors could secure properties and develop movie projects for themselves. Streisand's initial outing with First Artists was Up the Sandbox (1972).
From a period beginning in 1969 and ending in 1980, Streisand appeared in the annual motion picture exhibitors poll of Top 10 Box Office attractions a total of 10 times, often as the only woman on the list. After the commercially disappointing All Night Long in 1981, Streisand's film output decreased considerably. She has acted in only six films since.
Streisand produced a number of her own films, setting up Barwood Films in 1972. For Yentl (1983), she was producer, director, and star, an experience she repeated for The Prince of Tides (1991) and The Mirror Has Two Faces (1996). There was controversy when Yentl received five Academy Award nominations, but none for the major categories of Best Picture, Actress, or Director.[42] The Prince of Tides received even more Oscar nominations, including Best Picture, but the director was not nominated. Streisand also scripted Yentl, something she is not always given credit for. According to New York Times Editorial Page Editor Andrew Rosenthal in an interview (story begins at minute 16) with Allan Wolper, "the one thing that makes Barbra Streisand crazy is when nobody gives her the credit for having written Yentl."
In 2004, Streisand made a return to film acting, after an eight-year hiatus, in the comedy Meet the Fockers (a sequel to Meet the Parents), playing opposite Dustin Hoffman, Ben Stiller, Blythe Danner and Robert De Niro.
In 2005, Streisand's Barwood Films, Gary Smith, and Sonny Murray purchased the rights to Simon Mawer's book Mendel's Dwarf.[43] In December 2008, she stated that she was considering directing an adaptation of Larry Kramer's play The Normal Heart, a project she has worked on since the mid-1990s[44] In 2009, Andrew Lloyd Webber stated that Streisand was one of several actresses (alongside Meryl Streep and Glenn Close) who were interested in playing the role of Norma Desmond in the film adaptation of Webber's musical version of Sunset Boulevard.[45]
In December 2010, Streisand appeared in Little Fockers, the third film from the Meet the Parents trilogy. She reprised the role of Roz Focker alongside Dustin Hoffman.
On January 4, 2011, the New York Post reported that Streisand was in negotiations to produce, direct, and star in a new film version of Gypsy. In an interview with the New York Post, Arthur Laurents said: "We've talked about it a lot, and she knows what she's doing. She has my approval." He said that he would not write the screenplay.[46][47] The following day, the New York Times reported that Arthur Laurents clarified in a telephonic interview that Streisand would not direct the film "but playing Rose is enough to make her happy."[47][48] Streisand's spokesperson confirmed that "there have been conversations".[49] After Laurents' subsequent death there was no official word on the status of the film for months, until it was announced on March 13, 2012 that Gypsy was moving forward, with Julian Fellowes writing the screenplay for the project.
On January 28, 2011, The Hollywood Reporter announced that Paramount Pictures has given the road-trip comedy My Mother's Curse the green light to begin shooting, with Streisand and Seth Rogen playing mother and son. Anne Fletcher is slated to direct the project with a script by Dan Fogelman. Lorne Michaels and John Goldwyn will produce it with Evan Goldberg. Executive producers include Streisand, Rogen, Fogelman, and David Ellison, whose Skydance will co-finance the pic.[50] Shooting began in spring of 2011 and wrapped in July. In August the Internet Movie Database began listing the film with the new title Guilt Trip. The film is set for a November 2012 release (originally it was slated to release in March 2012).
Personal life[link]
Marriages and family[link]
Streisand has been married twice. Her first husband was actor Elliott Gould, to whom she was married from 1963 until 1971. They had one child, Jason Gould, who would go on to star as her on-screen son in The Prince of Tides. Her second husband is actor James Brolin, whom she married on July 1, 1998. While they have no children together, Brolin has two children from his first marriage, including Academy Award-nominated actor Josh Brolin, and one child from his second marriage. Both of her husbands starred in the 1970s conspiracy sci-fi thriller Capricorn One.
Jon Peters' daughters, Caleigh Peters and Skye Peters are her goddaughters.[citation needed]
Name[link]
Streisand changed her name from Barbara to Barbra because, she said, "I hated the name, but I refused to change it."[51] Streisand further explained, "Well, I was 18 and I wanted to be unique, but I didn't want to change my name because that was too false. You know, people were saying you could be Joanie Sands, or something like that. [My middle name is Joan.] And I said, 'No, let's see, if I take out the 'a,' it's still 'Barbara,' but it's unique."[52] A 1967 biography with a concert program said, "the spelling of her first name is an instance of partial rebellion: she was advised to change her last name and retaliated by dropping an “a” from the first instead."[53]
Politics[link]
Streisand has long been an active supporter of the Democratic Party and many of their causes. Streisand said, "The Democrats have always been the party of working people and minorities. I've always identified with the minorities."[54]
In 1971, Streisand was one of the celebrities listed on President Richard Nixon's infamous Enemies List.
Streisand is a supporter of gay rights, and in 2008 helped raise funds to defeat Proposition 8 in California.[55]
Philanthropy[link]
Streisand has personally raised $25 million[56] for organizations through her live performances. The Streisand Foundation,[57] established in 1986, has contributed over $16 million through nearly 1,000 grants to "national organizations working on preservation of the environment, voter education, the protection of civil liberties and civil rights, women’s issues[58] and nuclear disarmament."[59]
In 2006, Streisand donated $1 million to the William J. Clinton Foundation in support of former President Bill Clinton’s climate change initiative.[60]
In 2008, Streisand gifted $5 million to endow the Barbra Streisand Women's Cardiovascular Research and Education Program at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center's Women's Heart Center.[61] In September that year, Parade magazine included Streisand on their Giving Back Fund's second annual Giving Back 30 survey, "a ranking of the celebrities who have made the largest donations to charity in 2007 according to public records",[62] as the third most generous celebrity. The Giving Back Fund claimed Streisand donated $11 million, which The Streisand Foundation distributed.
At Julien’s Auctions in October 2009, Streisand, a long-time collector of art and furniture, sold 526 items with all the proceeds going to her foundation. Items included a costume from Funny Lady and a vintage dental cabinet purchased by the performer at 18 years old. The sale’s most valuable lot was a painting by Kees van Dongen.[63] In December 2011 she agreed to sing at a fundraising gala for Israel Defence Forces charities.[64]
References in popular culture[link]
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This biographical section of an article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (November 2007) |
In television[link]
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One memorable parody of Streisand's iconic status has been on the sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live in the recurring skit Coffee Talk where character Linda Richman, played by Mike Myers, hosts a talk show dedicated to, among other things, the adoration of Streisand. Streisand, in turn, made an unannounced guest appearance on the show, surprising Myers and guests, Madonna and Roseanne Barr. Mike Myers also appeared as the Linda Richman character on stage with Streisand at her 1994 MGM Grand concert, as well as a few of the 1994 Streisand tour shows.[65]
Streisand is mentioned in the sitcom Will & Grace, particularly by the character Jack McFarland. Songs made famous by Streisand, such as "Papa, Can You Hear Me?" from Yentl and "Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man" from The Broadway Album are reproduced by characters in the show.
At least four episodes of the animated sitcom The Simpsons refer to Streisand. Outside Springfield Elementary School, announcing Lisa's jazz concert and noting tickets have been sold out, is an advertisement for a Streisand concert in the same venue for the following day, with tickets still on sale. In "Fear of Flying", after Marge undergoes therapy, she informs the therapist that whenever she hears the wind blow, she'll hear it saying "Lowenstein", Streisand's therapist character in The Prince of Tides, even though Marge's therapist is named Zweig. Another reference comes in "Sleeping with the Enemy" when Bart exclaims after seeing Lisa make a snow-angel in a cake on the kitchen table, "At least she's not singing Streisand", in reference to Nelson Muntz singing "Papa Can You Hear Me?" from Yentl earlier in the episode. In "Simple Simpson", a patriotic country singer says that Streisand is unpatriotic and could be pleased by spitting on the flag and strangling a bald eagle.
Another enduring satirical reference is in the animated series South Park, most notably in the episode "Mecha-Streisand", where Streisand is portrayed as a self-important, evil, gigantic robotic dinosaur with a terrible singing voice about to conquer the universe before being defeated by Robert Smith of The Cure. On another occasion, the Halloween episode "Spookyfish" is promoted for a week as being done in "Spooky-Vision", which involves Streisand's face seen at times during the episode in the four corners of the screen. At the end of the feature film South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut, her name is used as a powerful curse word, a gag repeated in the episode "Osama bin Laden Has Farty Pants". The Mecha-Streisand character made a return in the Season 14 episodes "200" and "201", as one of several celebrities the show had lampooned over the years.
In the Family Guy episode "Mind Over Murder", Lois sings a cabaret act with "Don't Rain on My Parade" — originally sung by Streisand in Funny Girl — only slowed down and jazzier, as an act of defiance to Peter. In "Stewie Kills Lois", Peter receives life insurance after Lois' apparent death, and claims that he has more money than Streisand. This was followed by a cut scene showing Streisand blowing money out of her nose. In "Wasted Talent", Streisand and husband James Brolin are shown sitting together at the dinner table, with Streisand remarking "I'm glad I married a regular person and not a celebrity".
Streisand is referenced frequently on the Fox TV musical series Glee. The character Rachel (Lea Michele) mentions that Streisand refused to alter her nose in order to become famous in the show's third episode "Acafellas". Also, in the mid-season finale of Glee, Rachel sings the Streisand anthem "Don't Rain on My Parade". In the episode "Hell-O", she says that she will be heartbroken for life, "Like Barbra in The Way We Were." In the same episode, Jesse St. James (Jonathan Groff) criticizes Rachel's performance of "Don't Rain on My Parade" by saying that she "lacked Barbra's emotional depth."
In the episode "Theatricality", Rachel is spying on the opposing team's dance rehearsal when the director, Shelby Corcoran (Idina Menzel), expresses dissatisfaction at the team's routine. She demonstrates how it's done with the title song from Funny Girl, and Rachel, sitting in the audience, whispers to her friend, "Exactly what I would have done — Barbra. I could do it in my sleep." In the episode "Grilled Cheesus" Rachel sings Barbra's infamous song from the movie Yentl, Papa, Can You Hear Me?,to help support Kurt's dad Burt after undergoing a heart attack. Rachel sang it in a park with Finn sitting at her side/in Burt Hummel's hospital room. She told Finn that she "wanted nothing to come between her and God, and Yentl sang it outside in the movie." [66] On the episode Born This Way Barbara is mentioned when Rachel is debating whether or not to get a nose job, Kurt Hummel and the rest of the glee club set up a "Barbra-vention" of a flashmob to the popular hit "Barbra Streisand" by Duck Sauce.
The characters of Kurt and Rachel also sang the "Get Happy/Happy Days are Here Again" duet originally heard during Streisand's 1963 appearance with Judy Garland on Garland's weekly TV series. In the season three episode "I Am Unicorn," Kurt sings Barbra Streisand's "I'm the Greatest Star" from the musical Funny Girl, stating "[He] has permission from the woman herself," actually meaning Rachel Berry. When Glee won the prize for "Best TV Series-Comedy Or Musical" at the 2010 Golden Globe Awards, creator Ryan Murphy quipped on stage, "Thank you to the Hollywood Foreign Press and Miss Barbra Streisand."
In the sitcom The Nanny, Streisand is viewed as a divine figure by Fran Fine throughout the show. When asked by her boss who she would save if her mother and Streisand were drowning, Fran replies "I'd save ma, Barbra can walk on water," Another example is in "The Passed-Over Story," when Fran hears that Barbra Streisand and James Brolin will be arriving at the airport, Fran runs towards the door yelling "It's the miracle of Passover, the Messiah is coming".
On film[link]
In movies, Streisand is remembered as the favorite of the character Howard Brackett, played by Kevin Kline, who finally admits to being gay while standing at the altar in the 1997 romantic comedy In & Out. His unfortunate bride-to-be, played by Joan Cusack, cries out in frustration to family and friends present, "Does anybody here KNOW how many times I've had to sit through Funny Lady?" In an earlier scene, Howard is taunted by a friend during an argument at a bar with a jeering, "The studio thought that Barbra was too ol-l-ld to play Yentl." The film also mentions the album Color Me Barbra. Barbra's signature tune, "People", is played by a school orchestra in honor of teacher Howard as the story wraps at the end of the credits. This and similar references refer to her popularity among gay men.
In the 1996 comedy "The Associate", Whoopi Goldberg plays a business woman, Laurel Ayers, who creates a business associate, Robert S. Cutty, who is said to have known and dated Streisand. In addition to having an autographed picture of Streisand in her office, Ayers also has a cross-dressing friend who dresses up to resemble Streisand throughout the film.
The characters Carla and Connie, as aspiring song-and-dance acts in the 2004 comedy Connie and Carla, include four Streisand references. They sing "Papa, Can You Hear Me?" and "Memory" at an airport lounge and "Don't Rain on My Parade" onstage in a gay bar, and talk about the plot of Yentl at the climax of the film after they ask how many in their audience have seen the movie (everyone raised their hands).
In music[link]
Sound clips of Streisand's heated exchange with a supporter of former U.S. president George W. Bush were sampled in the 2009 Lucian Piane dance song "Bale Out", making it sound as if she were arguing with actor Christian Bale (whose recorded outbursts during the filming of Terminator Salvation were the centerpiece of the song).[67]
"Barbra Streisand" is a disco house song by American-Canadian DJ duo Duck Sauce. It was released on September 10, 2010. The song peaked at number one in Poland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Finland, Switzerland and Austria. It became a top ten hit in Australia, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy and the UK.
On stage[link]
Daniel Stern's 2003 Off-Broadway play Barbra's Wedding was set against the backdrop of Streisand's 1998 wedding to James Brolin.
"Streisand effect"[link]
Main article: Streisand effect
In 2003, Streisand sued aerial photographer Kenneth Adelman for displaying a photograph of her Malibu, California, home, along with other photos of the California coastline. Her suit was dismissed under the anti-SLAPP provisions of California law.[68][69][70] Mike Masnick of Techdirt coined the term "Streisand effect" in January 2005 to describe the publicity generated by Streisand's efforts to suppress the publication of the photograph.
Awards[link]
In 1984, Streisand was awarded the Women in Film Crystal Award for outstanding women who, through their endurance and the excellence of their work, have helped to expand the role of women within the entertainment industry.[71] She also received the National Medal of Arts[72] in 2000 and the Kennedy Center Honors in 2008. She was inducted as an officer of France's Legion of Honour in 2007.
Streisand is the only women to have an album reach #1 on the US charts and win the Academy Award for Best Actress.[citation needed]
Music awards[link]
Streisand's works have been nominated for over 57 Grammy Awards; she won 15 of these, including two special awards. She has been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame three times. In 2011, she was honored as MusiCares Person of the Year by the Grammy Foundation.
| Year | Award | Category | Work | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1963 | Grammy Awards | Album of the Year | The Barbra Streisand Album | Won |
| Best Female Vocal Performance | Won | |||
| Record of the Year | "Happy Days Are Here Again" | Nominated | ||
| 1964 | Best Female Vocal Performance | People | Won | |
| Album of the Year | Nominated | |||
| Record of the Year | Nominated | |||
| 1965 | Best Female Vocal Performance | My Name Is Barbra | Won | |
| Album of the Year | Nominated | |||
| 1966 | Best Female Vocal Performance | Color Me Barbra | Nominated | |
| Album of the Year | Nominated | |||
| 1968 | Best Contemporary-Pop Vocal Performance | Funny Girl Soundtrack | Nominated | |
| 1970 | AGVA Georgie Award | Entertainer of the Year | — | Won |
| 1972 | Grammy Awards | Best Pop Female Vocal Performance | "Sweet Inspiration / Where You Lead" | Nominated |
| AGVA Georgie Award | Singing Star of the Year | — | Won | |
| 1975 | People's Choice Awards | Favorite Female Singer of the Year | Won | |
| 1976 | Grammy Awards | Best Classical Vocal Soloist Performance | Classical Barbra | Nominated |
| 1977 | Best Pop Female Vocal Performance | "Evergreen" (from A Star Is Born) | Won | |
| Song of the Year | Won | |||
| Record of the Year | Nominated | |||
| Best Original Score – Motion Picture or Television Special | Nominated | |||
| AGVA Georgie Award | Singing Star of the Year | — | Won | |
| 1978 | Grammy Awards | Best Pop Female Vocal Performance | "You Don't Bring Me Flowers" (with Neil Diamond) | Nominated |
| 1979 | Record of the Year | Nominated | ||
| Best Pop Vocal Performance – Duo, Group, or Chorus | Nominated | |||
| 1980 | Guilty (with Barry Gibb) | Won | ||
| Album of the Year | Nominated | |||
| Record of the Year | "Woman in Love" | Nominated | ||
| Best Pop Vocal Female Performance | Nominated | |||
| AGVA Georgie Awards | Singing Star of the Year | — | Won | |
| 1985 | People's Choice Awards | Favorite All-Around Female Entertainer | Won | |
| 1986 | Grammy Awards | Best Pop Vocal Female Performance | The Broadway Album | Won |
| Album of the Year | Nominated | |||
| Best Instrumental Arrangement Acompanying Vocal | "Being Alive" | Nominated | ||
| 1987 | Best Pop Vocal Female Performance | One Voice | Nominated | |
| Best Music Video Performance | Nominated | |||
| 1988 | People's Choice Awards | Favorite All-Time Musical Performer | — | Won |
| 1991 | Grammy Awards | Best Traditional Pop Vocal Performance | "Warm All Over" | Nominated |
| 1992 | Grammy Legend Award | — | Special award | |
| 1993 | Best Traditional Pop Vocal Performance | Back to Broadway | Nominated | |
| 1994 | Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award | — | Special award | |
| Best Traditional Pop Vocal Performance | Barbra: The Concert | Nominated | ||
| Best Pop Vocal Female Performance | "Ordinary Miracles" | Nominated | ||
| 1997 | Best Pop Collaboration With Vocals | "Tell Him" (with Celine Dion) | Nominated | |
| "I Finally Found Someone" (with Bryan Adams) | Nominated | |||
| 2000 | Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album | Timeless – Live In Concert | Nominated | |
| 2002 | Christmas Memories | Nominated | ||
| 2003 | The Movie Album | Nominated | ||
| 2004 | Grammy Hall of Fame | Funny Girl (Barbra Streisand and Sydney Chaplin) | Inducted | |
| 2006 | The Barbra Streisand Album | |||
| 2007 | Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album | Live in Concert 2006 | Nominated | |
| 2008 | Grammy Hall of Fame | "The Way We Were" | Inducted | |
| 2011 | Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album | Love Is the Answer | Nominated | |
| 2012 | Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album | What Matters Most | Nominated |
Film awards[link]
Streisand has won 2 Academy Awards (Oscar) against 5 nominations, 2 for acting, 2 for song writing and 1 for Best Picture,
| Year | Award | Category | Work | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1969 | Academy Awards | Best Actress | Funny Girl | Won |
| Golden Globe Awards | Best Actress in a Motion Picture (Comedy or Musical) | Won | ||
| 1970 | Hello, Dolly! | Nominated | ||
| Henrietta World Film Favorite | — | Special award | ||
| 1971 | Best Actress in a Motion Picture (Comedy or Musical) | The Owl and the Pussycat | Nominated | |
| Henrietta World Film Favorite | — | Special award | ||
| 1974 | Academy Awards | Best Actress | The Way We Were | Nominated |
| Golden Globe Awards | Best Actress in a Motion Picture (Drama) | Nominated | ||
| 1975 | Henrietta World Film Favorite | — | Special award | |
| 1976 | Best Actress in a Motion Picture (Comedy or Musical) | Funny Lady | Nominated | |
| 1977 | Academy Awards | Best Original Song | "Evergreen" (from A Star Is Born) | Won |
| Golden Globe Awards | Best Actress in a Motion Picture (Comedy or Musical) | Won | ||
| Best Original Song | Won | |||
| 1978 | Henrietta World Film Favorite | — | Special award | |
| 1984 | Best Actress in a Motion Picture (Comedy or Musical) | Yentl | Nominated | |
| Best Director (Motion Picture) | Won | |||
| Best Motion Picture (Comedy Or Musical) | Won | |||
| 1988 | Best Actress in Motion Picture (Drama) | Nuts | Nominated | |
| Best Motion Picture (Drama) | Nominated | |||
| 1992 | Academy Awards | Best Picture | The Prince of Tides | Nominated |
| Golden Globe Awards | Best Director (Motion Picture) | Nominated | ||
| Golden Globe Awards | Best Motion Picture - (Drama) | Nominated | ||
| 1997 | Academy Awards | Best Original Song | "I Finally Found Someone" (from The Mirror Has Two Faces) | Nominated |
| Golden Globe Awards | Best Actress in a Motion Picture (Comedy or Musical) | The Mirror Has Two Faces | Nominated | |
| Best Original Song | "I Finally Found Someone" (from The Mirror Has Two Faces) | Nominated | ||
| 2000 | Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award for Lifetime Achievement | — | Special award |
1984 nominated for a Golden Raspberry Award as Worst Male actor for her (male) performance in Yentl.
Appearances[link]
Broadway performances[link]
| Year | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1961–1963 | I Can Get It for You Wholesale | Nominated—Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical |
| 1964–1965 | Funny Girl | Nominated—Tony Award for Best Leading Actress in a Musical |
West End performances[link]
| Year | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1966 | Funny Girl | April 13, 1966 – July 16, 1966 at the Prince of Wales Theatre, London. |
Television specials[link]
| Year | Title | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1965 | My Name Is Barbra | Aired April 28, 1965 | |||
| 1966 | Color Me Barbra | Aired March 30, 1966 | |||
| 1967 | The Belle of 14th Street | Aired October 11, 1967 | |||
| 1968 | A Happening in Central Park | Aired June 17, 1967 | |||
| 1973 | Barbra Streisand...And Other Musical Instruments | Nov 2, 1973 | |||
| 1975 | Funny Girl to Funny Lady | ||||
| 1976 | Barbra: With One More Look at You | ||||
| 1983 | A Film Is Born: The Making of 'Yentl' | ||||
| 1986 | Putting it Together: The Making of The Broadway Album | ||||
| 1987 | One Voice | ||||
| 1994 | Barbra Streisand: The Concert | Also producer and director | |||
| 1990 | Barbara Sings Celine | ||||
| 1990 | Barbara Sings Celine | 2001 | Barbra Streisand: Timeless | Aired on FOX TV February 14, 2001 (1 hour edited version) | |
| 1990 | Barbara Sings Celine | 2009 | Streisand: Live in Concert | Aired on CBS April 25, 2009[73] (Filmed in Florida in 2006) | |
| 2009 | Friday Night with Jonathan Ross | First Ever Live Performance on UK Television |
Tours and live performances[link]
| Year | Title | Continents | Box-office benefits | Total audience |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1966 | An Evening with Barbra Streisand (Tour) | North America | $480,000 | 60,000 |
| 1994 | Barbra Streisand: The Concert Tour | North America and Europe | $50 million | 400,000 |
| 2000 | Timeless: Live in Concert Tour | North America and Oceania | $70 million | 200,000 |
| 2006–2007 | Streisand: The Tour | North America and Europe | $119.5 million | 425,000 |
Discography[link]
Main article: Barbra Streisand discography
- 1963: The Barbra Streisand Album
- 1963: The Second Barbra Streisand Album
- 1964: The Third Album
- 1964: People
- 1965: My Name Is Barbra
- 1965: My Name Is Barbra, Two...
- 1966: Color Me Barbra
- 1966: Je m'appelle Barbra
- 1967: Simply Streisand
- 1967: A Christmas Album
- 1969: What About Today?
- 1971: Stoney End
- 1971: Barbra Joan Streisand
- 1973: Barbra Streisand...And Other Musical Instruments
- 1974: The Way We Were
- 1974: ButterFly
- 1975: Lazy Afternoon
- 1976: Classical Barbra
- 1976: A Star is Born
- 1977: Streisand Superman
- 1978: Songbird
- 1979: Wet
- 1980: Guilty
- 1981: Memories
- 1984: Emotion
- 1985: The Broadway Album
- 1988: Till I Loved You
- 1993: Back to Broadway
- 1997: Higher Ground
- 1999: A Love Like Ours
- 2001: Christmas Memories
- 2003: The Movie Album
- 2005: Guilty Pleasures
- 2009: Love Is the Answer
- 2011: What Matters Most
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1968 | Funny Girl | Fanny Brice | Academy Award for Best Actress Tied with Katharine Hepburn for The Lion in Winter David di Donatello for Best Foreign Actress Tied with Mia Farrow for Rosemary's Baby Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy Nominated—BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role also for Hello, Dolly! |
| 1969 | Hello, Dolly! | Dolly Levi | Nominated—BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role also for Funny Girl Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy |
| 1970 | On a Clear Day You Can See Forever | Daisy Gamble / Melinda Tentres | |
| The Owl and the Pussycat | Doris Wilgus / Wadsworth / Wellington / Waverly | Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy | |
| 1972 | What's Up, Doc? | Judy Maxwell | |
| Up the Sandbox | Margaret Reynolds | ||
| 1973 | The Way We Were | Katie Morosky | David di Donatello for Best Foreign Actress Tied with Tatum O'Neal for Paper Moon Nominated—Academy Award for Best Actress Nominated—BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama |
| 1974 | For Pete's Sake | Henrietta 'Henry' Robbins | |
| 1975 | Funny Lady | Fanny Brice | Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy |
| 1976 | A Star Is Born | Esther Hoffman Howard | Academy Award for Best Original Song Shared with Paul Williams (lyrics) for the song "Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)" Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song Shared with Paul Williams (lyrics) for the song "Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)" Nominated—BAFTA Award for Best Film Music Shared with Paul Williams, Kenny Ascher, Rupert Holmes, Leon Russell, Kenny Loggins, Alan Bergman, Marilyn Bergman, Donna Weiss |
| 1979 | The Main Event | Hillary Kramer | |
| 1981 | All Night Long | Cheryl Gibbons | Nominated—Razzie Award for Worst Actress |
| 1983 | Yentl | Yentl / Anshel | also director and producer Golden Globe Award for Best Director Nastro d'Argento for Best New Foreign Director Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy Nominated—Razzie Award for Worst Actor |
| 1987 | Nuts | Claudia Faith Draper | Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama |
| 1991 | The Prince of Tides | Dr. Susan Lowenstein | also director and producer Nominated—Academy Award for Best Picture Shared with Andrew S. Karsch Nominated—Directors Guild of America Award Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Director |
| 1996 | The Mirror Has Two Faces | Rose Morgan | also director and producer Nominated—Academy Award for Best Original Song Shared with Marvin Hamlisch, Robert John Lange and Bryan Adams for the song "I Finally Found Someone" Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song Shared with Marvin Hamlisch, Robert John Lange and Bryan Adams for the song "I Finally Found Someone" |
| 2004 | Meet the Fockers | Roz Focker | |
| 2010 | Little Fockers | Roz Focker | Nominated—Razzie Award for Worst Supporting Actress |
| 2012 | The Guilt Trip | Joyce Brewster | |
| 2013-14 | Gypsy | Rose Hovick | Expected to be released Holiday 2013 to early 2014. |
References[link]
- ^ "Session Timeout – Academy Awards Database – AMPAS". Awardsdatabase.oscars.org. http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/DisplayMain.jsp;jsessionid=B86E461C2746B4E1B0BF45DF42A83458?curTime=1258189043639. Retrieved 2009-12-09. [dead link]
- ^ a b "Gold & Platinum – December 9, 2009". RIAA. http://riaa.org/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH. Retrieved 2009-12-09.
- ^ "Primetime Emmy Award Database | Emmys.com". Cdn.emmys.tv. http://www.emmys.com/award_history_search. Retrieved 2009-12-09.
- ^ a b American Film Institute. "AFI Life Achievement Award: Barbra Streisand". Afi.com. http://www.afi.com/laa/laa01.aspx. Retrieved 2009-12-09.
- ^ "Gold & Platinum – December 9, 2009". RIAA. http://riaa.org/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=tblTopArt. Retrieved 2009-12-09.
- ^ Published: 11:56PM BST October 8, 2009 (October 8, 2009). "The way she was: Barbs personal items up for auction". London: Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/6276710/The-way-she-was-Barbra-Streisands-personal-items-up-for-auction.html. Retrieved 2009-12-09.
- ^ Gold and Platinum Top Selling Artists. RIAA.com.
- ^ "Chart Watch Extra: The Acts With The Most Top 10 Albums, Ever – Chart Watch". New.music.yahoo.com. October 17, 2008. http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/16329/chart-watch-extra-the-acts-with-the-most-top-10-albums-ever/. Retrieved 2009-12-09.
- ^ "Music Albums, Top 200 Albums & Music Album Charts". Billboard.com. December 5, 2009. http://www.billboard.com/charts/billboard-200#/news/barbra-streisand-surprises-with-ninth-no-1004019217.story. Retrieved 2009-12-09.
- ^ a b c "Barbra Streisand". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/streisand.html. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ Joseph Berger, "A Daughter of Brooklyn, Now Known as 'Barbra,' Will Return to Perform." New York Times, May 10, 2012.
- ^ Patty Greenbaum, Lisa Lewis. Anne Drake, Zazel Loven, ed. (1990). Yearbook. New York, NY: Dolphin. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-385-41625-2.
- ^ Biography contactmusic.com, retrieved 2010-01-24
- ^ Joseph Berger, "A Daughter of Brooklyn, Now Known as 'Barbra,' Will Return to Perform." New York Times, May 10, 2012.
- ^ Hernandez, Greg."My Chat w/Roslyn Kind: Streisand's sister is on the comeback trail..." insidesocal.com, January 29, 2008
- ^ Goldfarb, Myra Yellin."What's Up" mcall.com, July 2, 1993
- ^ Fink, Jerry."Streisand’s sister has ‘come to terms’ with superstar’s shadow" lasvegassun.com, November 11, 2008
- ^ Autobiography of Joan Rivers: Enter Talking (New York: Delacorte Press, 1986) p. 85-96, p. 182
- ^ "The Lion at". Barbra-archives.com. July 1, 1960. http://barbra-archives.com/live/60s/lion_streisand.html. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ "The Lion, New York". New York Travel Guide. May 12, 2010. http://www.sceneadvisor.com/restaurants/new-york/the-lion-2380. Retrieved 2010-06-17. [dead link]
- ^ "Barbra Streisand Archives | Town N Country Supper Club, 1961, Winnipeg, Canada". Barbra-archives.com. http://barbra-archives.com/live/60s/town_country_winnipeg_streisand.html. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ Popple, Robert, ''John Arpin: Keyboard Virtuoso'' Dundurn Press Ltd., 2009 ISBN 1-55002-866-9, ISBN 978-1-55002-866-9 p113. Books.google.com. March 30, 2009. http://books.google.com/books?id=EQZpQ_K8yIQC&pg=PA113&dq=%22Baker's+Keyboard%22&hl=en&ei=JGxJTba5JI6SgQfD4JU_&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CGIQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22Baker's%20Keyboard%22&f=false. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ Tommasini, Anthony (September 27, 2009). "Streisand's Fine Instrument and Classic Instinct". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/27/arts/music/27tomm.html?scp=1&sq=streisand%20arlen&st=cse. Retrieved 2010-04-26.
- ^ "YouTube clip of Streisand on Tonight Show with Orson Bean and Phyllis Diller, 1961". Youtube.com. March 12, 2007. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DXvLD-pxms. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ "'P.M. East P.M. West' at". Barbra-archives.com. http://barbra-archives.com/tv/60s/pm_east_streisand.html. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ "'P.M. East P.M. West' at". Barbra-archives.com. http://barbra-archives.com/tv/60s/pm_east_streisand.html. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ "Video clip of Streisand interviewed by Mike Wallace on 60 Minutes, 1991". Cbsnews.com. February 19, 2009. http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=4614802n%3fsource=search_video. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ "Audio clip of Streisand saying this to Mike Wallace in 1961. 60 Minutes segment is available for viewing at The Paley Center for Media". Barbra-archives.com. http://barbra-archives.com/tv/60s/pm_east_streisand.html. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ Barbra Streisand Archives | Johnny Carson Tonight Show 1962–1963 barbra-archives.com
- ^ "Recording Industry Association of America: Newsletter 1999". Archived from the original on 2007-05-14. http://web.archive.org/web/20070514091340/http://www.riaa.com/news/newsletter/press1999/111099.asp. . RIAA.com.
- ^ "Reprint of article in George Magazine. November 1996". Barbra-archives.com. http://barbra-archives.com/bjs_library/90s/george_1996.html. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ "Barbra Streisand Mixes Star Power And High Concept by Stephen Holden, New York Times, June 27, 1993". Nytimes.com. June 27, 1993. http://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/27/arts/recordings-view-barbra-streisand-mixes-star-power-and-high-concept.html?scp=1&sq=streisand%20holden%20sinatra&st=cse. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ Bronson, Fred. Chart Beat Chat[dead link]. Billboard.com May 18, 2007.
- ^ Pomerantz, Dorothy. "In Pictures: The Top-Earning Women In Music - Forbes.com". Forbes.com. http://www.forbes.com/2008/01/28/music-madonna-hollywood-biz-cz_dp_0129musicwomen_slide_3.html?thisSpeed=15000. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
- ^ Pleasants, H. (1985). The Great American Popular Singers. Simon and Schuster.
- ^ a b Marks, Peter (December 7, 2008.) "Kennedy Center Honoree Barbra Streisand." The Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
- ^ Gardner, Elysa (April 10, 2009). "For Diana Krall, quiet time is a rare thing. By Elysa Gardner, USA TODAY. Retrieved 2009-04-14". Usatoday.com. http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2009-04-09-krall-quiet-nights_N.htm. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ Frey, Jennifer. (December 8, 2008.) "A Night Filled With Extra Stars." The Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
- ^ Sisario, Ben (September 28, 2009). "Lucky Streisand Fans Were A-Listers for a Night". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/28/arts/music/28stre.html. Retrieved 2010-04-26.
- ^ Mon, 08/15/2011 – 16:03. "Barbra Streisand official site, 6/22/09 press release". Barbrastreisand.com. http://www.barbrastreisand.com/ca/home?page=news&n_id=1258. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ "Barbra Streisand | Streisand's Stagefright Prompted By Forgotten Lyrics". Contactmusic. September 25, 2009. http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/streisands-stagefright-prompted-by-forgotten-lyrics_1117130. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ 1983 Academy Awards Winners and History. Filmsite.com.
- ^ By (April 14, 2005). "Variety. "Streisand buys Dwarf". April 14, 2005". Variety.com. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117921148.html?cs=1&query=streisand+dwarf. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ "AT HOME WITH: Larry Kramer; When a Roaring Lion Learns to Purr. By ALEX WITCHEL. New York Times, Thursday, January 12, 1995". Nytimes.com. January 12, 1995. http://www.nytimes.com/1995/01/12/garden/at-home-with-larry-kramer-when-a-roaring-lion-learns-to-purr.html?sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ Andrew Lloyd Webber on Eurovision and the Phantom sequel. Times Online. Dec. 29, 2008.[dead link]
- ^ Riedel, Michael. "Babs Comes up Rose" New York Post, January 5, 2011 (updated from January 4, 2011)
- ^ a b Gans, Andrew. Will Barbra Streisand Star and Direct New Film Version of Gypsy?" playbill.com, January 5, 2011 (updated)
- ^ Healy, Patrick. "Streisand in Talks to Play Mama Rose in Film Remake of ‘Gypsy’" New York Times, January 5, 2011
- ^ Healy, Patrick. "Streisand in Talks to Play Mama Rose in Film Remake of 'Gypsy'" The New York Times, January 5, 2011
- ^ Belloni, Matthew. "EXCLUSIVE: Barbra Streisand, Seth Rogen to Star in 'My Mother's Curse' for Paramount"[dead link] The Hollywood Reporter, January 28, 2011
- ^ "The Mouse That Wails". Rogue. Barbra. November 1963. http://barbra-archives.com/bjs_library/60s/rogue_streisand.html. Retrieved 2010-08-26.
- ^ "Her name is Barbra". CBS News. September 27, 2010. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/08/08/sunday/main6753884.shtml. Retrieved 2010-08-26.
- ^ "An Evening With Barbra Streisand". Barbra Archives. July 9, 1967. http://barbra-archives.com/live/60s/hollywood_bowl_67_streisand.html. Retrieved 2010-08-26.
- ^ "Transcript of Streisand's November 2, 1998 live chat on AOL". Web.archive.org. October 27, 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-10-27. http://web.archive.org/web/20091027135459/http://www.geocities.com/BourbonStreet/6011/aoltranscript.html. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ "Barbra Streisand among host of stars to support gay marriage campaign in California". Daily Mail Reporter. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1078505/Barbra-Streisand-host-stars-support-gay-marriage-campaign-California.html. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ^ Grein, Paul. "Interview with Barbra Streisand". Grammy.com. http://www.grammy.com/news/barbra-streisand-the-way-she-is-part-one. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ "Barbra News.com 2006 Interview with Marge Tabankin". Barbranews.com. October 24, 2006. http://www.barbranews.com/streisandfoundint.htm. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ "Barbra Streisand Endows Program at Cedars-Sinai Women's Heart Center: $5 Million Gift Supports Women's Cardiovascular Research and Education". Heartworknews.com. http://heartworknews.com/news/Barbra_Streisand_Endows_Program_at_Cedars_Sinai_Womens_Heart_Center_5_Million_Gift_Supports_Womens_Cardiovascular_Research_and_. Retrieved 2008-04-22. [dead link]
- ^ Barbra Streisand/Sony Official Site, Streisand Foundation page.[dead link]
- ^ Dugger, Celia W. (September 23, 2006). "Clinton Effort Reaps Pledges of $7.3 Billion in Global Aid by Celia Dugger. New York Times. September 23, 2006". Nytimes.com. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/23/world/23aid.html?_r=1&oref=slogin. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ "Raising awareness about women’s heart health". Discoveringforlife.org. http://www.discoveringforlife.org/womens-heart-center/your-gift/barbra-streisand. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ "The Giving Back Fund press release. September 14, 2008". Givingback.org. http://www.givingback.org/Programs_Services/GivingBack30_2007.html. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ Douglas, Sarah. "In the Air: Star Ambitions."Art+Auction, October 2009.
- ^ "Streisand to sing for Israeli army charities". Artsjournal.com. 2011-12-06. http://www.artsjournal.com/slippeddisc/2011/12/streisand-to-sing-for-israeli-army-charities.html. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
- ^ Gliatto, Tom (April 4, 1994). "Oy! It's the Queen of Farklemt! People Magazine. April 4, 1994". People.com. http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20107779,00.html. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ "‘Glee' Cast Performs ‘Papa, Can You Hear Me?'". The Wall Street Journal. October 6, 2010. http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2010/10/06/glee-cast-performs-papa-can-you-hear-me/.
- ^ Lowe, Andy (February 3, 2009). "Christian Bale flips out on T4 set: Yes, yes. We know you've heard it. But the remixes are even better ...". Total Film (Future Publishing). http://www.totalfilm.com/news/christian-bale-flips-out-on-t4-set. Retrieved 2010-02-02.
- ^ Streisand v. Adelman, et al., in California Superior Court; Case SC077257
- ^ Kenneth Adelman (May 13, 2007). "Barbra Streisand Sues to Suppress Free Speech Protection for Widely Acclaimed Website". California Coastal Records Project. http://www.californiacoastline.org/streisand/lawsuit.html. Retrieved 2008-04-08.
- ^ "Streisand’s Lawsuit to Silence Coastal Website Dismissed" (Press release). Mindfully.org. December 3, 2003. http://www.mindfully.org/Reform/2003/Barbra-Streisand-Coastal3dec03.htm. Retrieved 2008-04-08.
- ^ "Past Recipients". Wif.org. http://wif.org/past-recipients. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ "Lifetime Honors – National Medal of Arts". Nea.gov. http://www.nea.gov/honors/medals/medalists_year.html#00. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ CBS.com Online Schedule . Retrieved 2009-04-16.
Further reading[link]
- Andersen, Christopher (2006). Barbra: The Way She Is. Harper-Collins. ISBN 0-06-056256-0.
- Edwards, Anne (1997). Streisand: A Biography. Little, Brown. ISBN 978-0-316-21138-3.
- Riese, Randall (1993). Her Name Is Barbra: An Intimate Portrait of the Real Barbra Streisand. Birch Lane Press. ISBN 1-55972-203-7.
- Santopietro, Tom (2006). The Importance of Being Barbra: The Brilliant, Tumultuous Career of Barbra Streisand. Thomas Dunne. ISBN 978-0-312-34879-3.
- Spada, James (1995). Streisand: Her Life. Crown Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-517-59753-5.
- Pohly, Linda (2000). The Barbra Steisand Companion: A Guide to Her Vocal Style and Repertoire. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-30414-9.
External links[link]
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Barbra Streisand |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Barbra Streisand |
- Official website
- BarbraNews.com
- Barbra-Archives.com
- Barbra Streisand at the Internet Movie Database
- Barbra Streisand at AllRovi
- Barbra Streisand at the Internet Broadway Database
- Barbra Streisand at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Streisand, Barbra |
| Alternative names | Streisand, Barbara Joan |
| Short description | Singer-Songwriter, Actress |
| Date of birth | April 24, 1942 |
| Place of birth | Brooklyn, New York, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Barbra_Streisand
Related pages:
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http://ru.wn.com/Стрейзанд, Барбра
http://nl.wn.com/Barbra Streisand
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbra_Streisand
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Susan Boyle | |
|---|---|
 Susan Boyle in November 2009 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Susan Magdalane Boyle[1][2][3] |
| Born | (1961-04-01) 1 April 1961 (age 51)[1] |
| Origin | Blackburn, West Lothian, Scotland, United Kingdom |
| Genres | Pop[4] |
| Occupations | Singer |
| Instruments | Vocals |
| Years active | 2009–present |
| Labels | Sony Music, Syco, Columbia |
| Associated acts | Elaine Paige, Geraldine McQueen, Emeli Sandé |
| Website | susanboylemusic.com |
Susan Magdalane Boyle (born 1 April 1961[1][5]) is a Scottish singer who came to international public attention when she appeared as a contestant on the TV programme Britain's Got Talent on 11 April 2009, singing "I Dreamed a Dream" from Les Misérables. Her first album was released in November 2009 and debuted as the number one best-selling album on charts around the globe.
Global interest in Boyle was triggered by the contrast between her powerful mezzo-soprano voice and her plain appearance on stage.[6] The juxtaposition of the audience's first impression of her, with the standing ovation she received during and after her performance, led to an international media and Internet response. Within nine days of the audition, videos of Boyle—from the show, various interviews and her 1999 rendition of "Cry Me a River"—had been watched over 100 million times.[7] Her audition video has been viewed on the internet several hundred million times.[8] Despite the sustained media interest she later finished in second place in the final of the show behind dance troupe Diversity.
Boyle's debut album, I Dreamed a Dream (2009) remains as the UK best-selling debut album of all time, beating previous record holder, Spirit by Leona Lewis.[9] I Dreamed a Dream is ranked fourth in its first week sales according to the Official Chart Company in the United Kingdom.[9] In her first year of fame, Boyle made a fortune of £5 million with the release of I Dreamed a Dream and its lead off singles, "I Dreamed a Dream" and "Wild Horses".[10] The success was continued with her second album, The Gift (2010), and was followed by Boyle's third album, Someone to Watch Over Me, released on 31 October 2011.[11] On 12 May 2012, Susan returned to Britain's Got Talent to perform as a guest in the final singing "You'll See".[12] The following day, she performed at Windsor Castle for the Queen's Diamond Jubilee Pageant singing "Mull of Kintyre".[13] Boyle's net worth was estimated at £22 million in April 2012.[14]
Contents |
Life and career[link]
Early life and childhood[link]
Boyle was raised in Blackburn, West Lothian, Scotland,[15] by her parents Patrick Boyle, a miner, World War II veteran and singer at the Bishop's Blaize, and Bridget, a shorthand typist,[16] whose family comes from County Donegal, Ireland.[17] She was the youngest of four brothers and five sisters.[15] Boyle was briefly deprived of oxygen during a difficult birth resulting in a learning disability.[18] Boyle says she was bullied as a child[15][19] and was nicknamed "Susie Simple" at school.[20]
After leaving school with few qualifications,[15] she was employed for the only time in her life as a trainee cook in the kitchen of West Lothian College for six months,[20] took part in government training programmes,[16] and performed at a number of local venues.[18]
Early musical training and career[link]
Boyle took singing lessons from voice coach Fred O'Neil.[15] She attended Edinburgh Acting School and took part in the Edinburgh Fringe.[18] Prior to Britain's Got Talent, her main experience had come from singing in her local Catholic church, Our Lady of Lourdes; in local choirs; and in karaoke performances at pubs in and around her village. She had also auditioned several times for My Kind of People.[21] She has also long participated in her parish church's pilgrimages to the Knock Shrine, County Mayo, Ireland, and has sung there at the Marian basilica.[22]
Her repertoire through the years has included songs such as "The Way We Were" and "I Don't Know How to Love Him." British tabloids claimed "exclusives" of video clips of some early performances.[23][24] In 1995, her audition for Michael Barrymore's My Kind of People[18] at the Olympia Shopping Centre in East Kilbride was filmed – the amateur video shows Barrymore was more interested in mocking her than in her ability to sing.[25]
In 1999, she submitted a track for a charity CD to commemorate the Millennium[15][26] produced at a West Lothian school. Only 1,000 copies of the CD, Music for a Millennium Celebration, Sounds of West Lothian, were pressed.[27] An early review in the West Lothian Herald & Post said Boyle's rendition of "Cry Me a River" was "heartbreaking" and "had been on repeat in my CD player ever since I got this CD..."[28][29] The recording found its way onto the internet following her first televised appearance and the New York Post said it showed that Boyle was "not a one trick pony."[30] Hello! said the recording "cement[ed] her status" as a singing star.[31]
In 1998, Boyle recorded three tracks "Cry Me A River", "Killing Me Softly" & "Don't Cry For Me Argentina"at Heartbeat Studio, Midlothian.[32] She used all her savings to pay for a professionally cut demo, copies of which she later sent to record companies, radio talent competitions, local and national TV. The demo consisted of her versions of "Cry Me a River" and "Killing Me Softly with His Song"; the songs were uploaded to the Internet after her BGT audition.[33]
After Boyle won several local singing competitions, her mother urged her to enter Britain's Got Talent and take the risk of singing in front of an audience larger than her parish church. Former coach O'Neil said Boyle abandoned an audition for The X Factor because she believed people were being chosen for their looks. She almost abandoned her plan to enter Britain's Got Talent believing she was too old, but O'Neil persuaded her to audition nevertheless.[34] Boyle said that she was motivated to seek a musical career to pay tribute to her mother.[15] Her performance on the show was the first time she had sung in public since her mother died.[35][36]
[edit] Britain's Got Talent (2008–2009)
Main article: Britain's Got Talent (series 3)
In August 2008, Boyle applied for an audition for the third series of Britain's Got Talent (as contestant number 43212) and was accepted after a preliminary audition in Glasgow. When Boyle first appeared on Britain's Got Talent at the city's Clyde Auditorium, she said that she aspired to become a professional singer "as successful as Elaine Paige".[37] Boyle sang "I Dreamed a Dream" from Les Misérables in the first round of the third series of Britain's Got Talent, which was watched by over 10 million viewers when it aired on 11 April 2009.[38] Programme judge Amanda Holden remarked upon the audience's initially cynical attitude, and the subsequent "biggest wake-up call ever" upon hearing her performance.[39]
I know what they were thinking, but why should it matter as long as I can sing? It's not a beauty contest.
“
”
Susan Boyle, The Sunday Times[15]
This performance was widely reported and tens of millions of people viewed the video on YouTube.[38] Boyle was "absolutely gobsmacked" by the strength of this reaction.[40] Since the appearance, Paige has expressed interest in singing a duet with Boyle,[37] and has called her "a role model for everyone who has a dream".[41] Boyle's rendition of "I Dreamed a Dream" has been credited with causing a surge in ticket sales in the Vancouver production of Les Misérables.[42][43] Cameron Mackintosh, the producer of the Les Misérables musical, also praised the performance, as "heart-touching, thrilling and uplifting".[38]
She was one of 40 acts that were put through to the semi-finals.[44] She appeared last on the first semi-final on 24 May 2009, performing "Memory" from the musical Cats.[45] In the public vote she was the act to receive the highest number of votes and go through to the final.[46][47] She was the clear favourite to win the final,[48] but ended up in second place to Diversity; the UK TV audience was a record of 17.3 million viewers.[49]
I didn't pick up on any unduly troubling signs. She was nervous, yes, but no more nervous than Paul Potts had been before his live final two years previously. She understood the significance of the night.
Then, during the final show, at the crucial point when the dance group Diversity won, I looked over at her face and thought: 'Christ, she doesn't know how to deal with not winning.'
“
”
Simon Cowell, Daily Mail[50]
The Press Complaints Commission (PCC) became concerned by press reports about Boyle's erratic behaviour and speculation about her mental condition and wrote to remind editors about clause 3 (privacy) of their code of press conduct.[48] The day after the final, Boyle was admitted to The Priory, a private psychiatric clinic in London,[49] TalkbackThames explained "Following Saturday night's show, Susan is exhausted and emotionally drained." Her stay in hospital attracted widespread attention, with Prime Minister Gordon Brown wishing her well.[51] Cowell offered to waive Boyle's contractual obligation to take part in the BGT tour. Her family said "she's been battered non-stop for the last seven weeks and it has taken its toll [...but...] her dream is very much alive," as she had been invited to the Independence Day celebrations at the White House.[49]
Boyle left the clinic five days after her admission[52] and said she would participate in the BGT tour. Despite health worries, she appeared in 20 of the 24 dates of the tour,[53] and was well received in cities such as Aberdeen,[54] Edinburgh,[55] Dublin,[56] Sheffield,[57] Coventry,[58] Birmingham[59] and London.[60] The Belfast Telegraph said "Despite reports of crumbling under the pressure..., she exuded a confidence resembling that of a veteran who has been performing for years".[61]
[edit] I Dreamed a Dream and tour (2009–2010)
Main article: I Dreamed a Dream (album)
Boyle's first album, I Dreamed a Dream, was released on 23 November 2009.[62] The album includes covers of "Wild Horses" and "You'll See" as well as "I Dreamed a Dream", and "Cry Me a River".[63] I Dreamed a Dream became Amazon.com's best-selling album in pre-sales on 4 September 2009, three months before the scheduled release.[64] In Britain, Boyle's debut album was recognised as the fastest selling UK debut album of all time selling 411,820 copies, beating the previous fastest selling debut of all time, Spirit by Leona Lewis.[65] I Dreamed a Dream also outsold the rest of the top 5 albums combined in its first week.[66]
In the U.S., the album sold 701,000 copies in its first week, the best opening week for a debut artist in over a decade.[67] It topped the Billboard chart for six straight weeks and although it narrowly failed to become the best-selling album of 2009, with sales of 3,104,000 compared to 3,217,000 for Taylor Swift's Fearless, it was one of only two albums to sell over 3 million copies in the U.S., and was also the top selling "physical" album of 2009, with only 86,000 of its sales coming from digital downloads.[68] This has in turn garnered more media attention, as mentioned by People magazine.[69]
In Italy, it was the first album of the month in the Italian No. 1 Account by a non-Italian artist ever. In only a week, it sold more than 2 million copies worldwide, becoming the fastest selling global female debut album.[66]
Boyle gave a U.S. concert tour in November as a lead-up to the album release.[70] On 13 December 2009 she appeared in her own television special "I Dreamed a Dream: the Susan Boyle Story", featuring a duet with Elaine Paige.[71] It got ratings of 10 million viewers in the United Kingdom[72] and in America was the TV Guide Network's highest rated television special in its history.[73]
In November 2009 it was reported[74] that Boyle's rendition of "I Dreamed a Dream" would be the theme song of the anime movie Eagle Talon The Movie 3 which was later released in Japan on 16 January 2010.[75] Boyle performed for Pope Benedict XVI on his tour of Britain in 2010.[76] In May 2010, Susan Boyle was voted by Time magazine as the seventh most influential person in the world.[77][78]
[edit] The Gift (2010–2011)
Main article: The Gift (Susan Boyle album)
On 9 July 2010, Boyle announced that her second album would be a Christmas album entitled The Gift.[79] As part of the lead-up to the album, she held a competition called Susan's Search, the winner of which sang a duet with her on her new CD.[80] The album was released on 8 November 2010.[81]
The album was produced by Steve Mac, who said that "Now Susan's used to the studio and the recording process, this time round we might go even further down a traditional route of recording by getting a band together and rehearsing songs before we go into the studio to see what works, how she reacts with certain parts, and so we can change the arrangements that way. I think that’s going to work much better....With Susan it’s very important she connects with the public and the public connect with her. She doesn’t want to sing anything that hasn’t happened to her or she can’t relate to."[82] Boyle has suggested the album will include some jazz numbers now she's "a bit more content" within herself. "My next album has to have an element of surprise in it again. I'm hoping to make it better and a bit extra special."[83]
In November 2010, Boyle became one of only three acts ever to top both the UK and US album charts twice in the same year.[84] On 30 November 2010, in the United States, Boyle performed on ABC's The View singing "O Holy Night" and then on NBC's Christmas at Rockefeller Center program performing "Perfect Day" and "Away in a Manger". During her appearance on The View she was unable to finish her song, stating that she had a "frog in her throat"; she wanted to start the song over but was not allowed to. The audience applauded her anyway and she later performed an unaired version of the song which was uploaded to The View's YouTube account.
[edit] Someone to Watch Over Me (2011–present)
Main article: Someone to Watch Over Me (album)
Emeli Sande was reported to have helped Boyle to write songs for her third studio album, which was released on 31 October 2011.[85] Boyle performed on the second semi-final results show of the sixth season of America's Got Talent, which aired on 31 August 2011.[86]
Boyle made her first appearance in Australia, on X Factor Australia, on 8 November 2011 and sang "Autumm Leaves".
Media impact[link]
Websites such as YouTube, Facebook and Twitter have been crucial in facilitating Boyle's rapid rise to fame:[87] The most popular YouTube video submission of her audition garnered nearly 2.5 million views in the first 72 hours.[88] On the day following the performance, the YouTube video was the most popular article on Digg[89] and made the front page of Reddit.[90] Within a week, the audition performance had been viewed more than 66 million times, setting an online record, while on Wikipedia her biographical article attracted nearly half a million page views. A total of 103 million video views on 20 different Web sites was reached within nine days.[7] The Los Angeles Times wrote that her popularity on YouTube may in part be due to the broad range of emotion packed into a short clip which was "perfect for the Internet".[91] In December 2009 her audition was named the most watched YouTube video of the year with over 120 million viewings, more than three times higher than the second most popular video.[92]
Additionally, Boyle’s first on camera interview with Scots journalist Richard Mooney for her local newspaper the West Lothian Courier, was named as YouTube’s Most Memorable Video of 2009.[93] The video went viral after being uploaded to YouTube on 14 April 2009.[94]
Many newspapers around the world[95][96] (including China,[97] Brazil[98] and the Middle East[99][100]) carried articles on Boyle's performance. British tabloid The Sun gave her the nickname "Paula Potts" in reference to the first series' winner Paul Potts.[101] Later, the British press took to referring to her by a short-form of her name, 'SuBo'.[102] In the U.S., several commentators also drew parallels between Boyle's performance and that of Potts.[103] ABC News hailed "Britain's newest pop sensation", and its Entertainment section headlined Boyle as "The Woman Who Shut Up Simon Cowell".[104]
Within the week following her performance on Britain's Got Talent, Boyle was a guest on STV's The Five Thirty Show.[105] She was interviewed via satellite on CBS's Early Show,[26] Good Morning America,[106] NBC's Today, FOX's America's Newsroom.[106][107] and The Oprah Winfrey Show. Via satellite on Larry King Live,[108] Boyle performed an a cappella verse of "My Heart Will Go On".[109] She was also portrayed in drag by Jay Leno, who joked that they were related through his mother's Scottish heritage.[110]
At the invitation of NHK, a major Japanese broadcaster, Boyle appeared as a guest singer for the 2009 edition of Kōhaku Uta Gassen, annual songfest on 31 December in Tokyo.[111][112] She was introduced as the ouen kashu (応援歌手, lit. "cheering singer"?) by the MCs and appeared on the stage escorted by Takuya Kimura, and sang "I Dreamed a Dream".[113]
Although Boyle was not eligible for the 2010 Grammy Awards,[114] its host Stephen Colbert paid tribute to Boyle at the ceremony, telling its audience "you may be the coolest people in the world, but this year your industry was saved by a 48-year-old Scottish cat lady in sensible shoes."[115] There was also earlier controversy, when Boyle was not nominated in any of the categories for the 2010 Brit Awards.[116]
Stage musical[link]
Main article: I Dreamed a Dream (musical)
A stage musical of Boyle's life was originally planned with Boyle appearing as herself. She said she hated "having to sit watching people up there" who are actors.[117] However it was later decided that actress Elaine C Smith would portray her [118] and Boyle would join the cast of I Dreamed a Dream for a cameo appearance.
I Dreamed a Dream opened on 27 March 2012 with fans from all over the world occupying the Theatre Royal, Newcastle for the opening week.[119] The musical received rave reviews.[120] David Cavendish wrote in his 5 star review “The overall shape of the show is hard to fault, and in matching the gutsy good humour of its heroine without stooping to hagiography, this is a delight that deserves to go far, and fast, as she has done.”[121] John Dixon from his 5 star review on WhatsOnStage.com wrote "This production is a standalone show that should still play to audiences long after Elaine C Smith and Susan Boyle have left. In fact it deserves to become recognised as the Scottish equivalent to Blood Brothers, so strong are the production values. There is no doubting I Dreamed A Dream is one of the musical events of the year."[122]
The musical will later tour the UK and Ireland.[123]
Social analyses[link]
Judging by appearance[link]
The Huffington Post noted that the producers of the show would have anticipated the potential of this story arc, by deliberately presenting Boyle in a manner that would enhance this initial reaction.[124] The Herald described Boyle's story as a modern parable and a rebuke to people's tendency to judge others based on their physical appearance.[125] Similarly, Entertainment Weekly said that Boyle's performance was a victory for talent and artistry in a culture obsessed with physical attractiveness and presentation.[126]
Modern society is too quick to judge people on their appearances. [...] There is not much you can do about it; it is the way they think; it is the way they are. But maybe this could teach them a lesson, or set an example.
“
”
Susan Boyle, The Washington Post[127]
The Washington Post believed that her initial demeanour and homely appearance caused the judges and audience to be "waiting for her to squawk like a duck".[128] New York's Daily News said that an underdog being ridiculed or humiliated but then enjoying an unexpected triumph is a common trope in literature, and the stark contrast between the audience's low expectations and the quality of her singing made Boyle's performance such an engaging piece of television.[129]
Feminist view[link]
R.M. Campbell, music critic for The Gathering Note compared her to Ella Fitzgerald, in that "[... it is] really, really hard to make a career if a woman isn't attractive."[130] In another Huffington Post article, Letty Cottin Pogrebin wrote that although people may "weep for the years of wasted talent", Boyle's performance was a triumph for "women of a certain age" over a youth culture that often dismisses middle-aged women.[131] Tanya Gold wrote in The Guardian that the difference between Boyle's hostile reception and the more neutral response to Paul Potts in his first audition reflected society's expectation that women be both good-looking and talented, with no such expectation existing for men.[132] Los Angeles vocal coach Eric Vetro stated, "She's an Everywoman as opposed to an untouchable fantasy goddess, so maybe that's why people react to her."[133]
American Dream[link]
Several media sources have commented that Boyle's success seemed to have particular resonance in the United States. An American entertainment correspondent was quoted in The Scotsman comparing Boyle's story to the American Dream, as representing talent overcoming adversity and poverty.[134] The Associated Press described this as Boyle's "hardscrabble story", dwelling on her modest lifestyle and what they characterised as urban deprivation in her home town.[36] Similarly, The Independent's New York correspondent David Usborne wrote that the United States will always respond to "the fairy tale where the apparently unprepossessing suddenly becomes pretty, from Shrek to My Fair Lady".[135]
Personal life[link]
Boyle still lives in the family home, a four-bedroom council house in Blackburn which she purchased from her earnings in 2010.[15][136] Her father died in the 1990s, and her siblings had left home. Boyle never married, and she dedicated herself to care for her ageing mother until she died in 2007 at the age of 91. A neighbour reported that when Bridget Boyle died, her daughter "wouldn't come out for three or four days or answer the door or phone."[137] Boyle is a practising Roman Catholic and sang in her church choir at her church in Blackburn.[138] Boyle remains active as a volunteer at her church, visiting elderly members of the congregation in their homes.[19] On a 2010 episode of the Oprah Winfrey Show, Boyle summarised that her daily life was "mundane" and "routine" prior to stardom.
In August 2010, British tabloid, News of the World, reported that Boyle was experiencing financial woes as she was unable to access her fortune, which was being controlled by her management team – consisting of Andy Stephens, Ossie Killkenny and Boyle's lawyer and niece, Kirsty Foy. Boyle's brother Gerry said that his sister was fearful of losing her contract and of returning to her previous financial situation and also that she has been unable to move into her £300,000 five-bedroom house in Blackburn because she does not have the cash to furnish it. He said "[Her] millions are ring-fenced but Susan has no concept of money" and that she was "extremely distressed" at having to live off £300 a week after being banned from withdrawing money from the bank or owning a credit card.[139] This story was contradicted the following day, however, by the news that she had bought two houses.[136] It was also reported that Boyle had been on a spending spree in which she had bought a grand piano, an iPhone and five dresses made by Stewart Parvin, the Queen's dressmaker.[140] The press had previously stated that Boyle was suing her brother Gerry for other stories he had sold to the newspapers.[141]
Cultural references[link]
The American cartoon show South Park made a reference to the Susan Boyle craze in the episode "Fatbeard", which aired on 22 April 2009;[142][143] the Late Night with Jimmy Fallon show aired a comedy sketch showing the "feel good" effect that Susan Boyle's performance has had on people;[144] The Simpsons aired a new commercial for its 20th-anniversary show "Springfield's Got Talent", in which Homer Simpson talks about his dreams "to be a great singer like Boyle".[145][146] A European trailer for the video game The Sims 3 includes a character mocked up as Boyle.[147] In June 2009, BBC Radio 4 broadcast a short story called "I Dreamed a Dream" that was based on a combination of Boyle's appearances on Britain's Got Talent and the political difficulties of Gordon Brown.[148] The 5 November 2009 episode of the show 30 Rock showed recurring character Kathy Geiss (Marceline Hugot) – who has a dowdy appearance – singing in the style of Susan Boyle as Liz Lemon and Jack Donaghy teared up.[149] In a Season 35 sketch on Saturday Night Live, an accountant (Andy Samberg) doing Boyle's taxes, notes that her income for 2008 was $1, $900,000,000 for 2009, and projected to be $1 for 2010. Bobby Moynihan played Boyle in the sketch.
In the Futurama episode "Attack of the Killer App", Leela has a boil named Susan ("Susan Boil") that can sing show tunes.[150]
Discography[link]
Main article: Susan Boyle discography
Studio albums[link]
- I Dreamed a Dream (2009)
- The Gift (2010)
- Someone to Watch Over Me (2011)
Awards and nominations[link]
| Year | Association | Category | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | 53rd Grammy Awards | Best Pop Vocal Album – I Dreamed a Dream[151] | Nominated |
| 2012 | 54th Grammy Awards | Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album – The Gift[152] | Nominated |
References[link]
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- ^ "Leona Lewis's 'Spirit' becomes Britain's fastest-selling debut album". m/ Highbeam.com. 17 November 2007. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1385652831.html.
- ^ a b "Susan Boyle Makes Music History as the "Fastest Selling Worldwide Female Debut Ever"". 30 November 2009. http://www.susanboylemusic.com/gb/news/item/susan_boyle_makes_music_history_as_the_fastest_selling_worldwide_female_deb/. Retrieved 2 December 2009.
- ^ Sisario, Ben (2 December 2009). "Susan Boyle, Top Seller, Shakes Up CD Trends". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/03/arts/music/03sales.html?hpw. Retrieved 24 May 2010.
- ^ Caulfield, Keith (6 January 2010). "Taylor Swift Edges Susan Boyle For 2009's Top-Selling Album". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/news/taylor-swift-edges-susan-boyle-for-2009-1004057203.story#/news/taylor-swift-edges-susan-boyle-for-2009-1004057203.story. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
- ^ "Who'll Lead Record Sales, Susan Boyle or Taylor Swift? - Music News, Susan Boyle, Taylor Swift : People.com". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20331581,00.html. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
- ^ "Susan Boyle set to take US by storm". Mirror.co.uk News. 31 July 2009. http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/top-stories/2009/07/31/susan-boyle-set-to-take-us-by-storm-115875-21560485/. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
- ^ "US TV special details Boyle's Cinderella story". The Press and Journal. 12 December 2009. http://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/Article.aspx/1523399?UserKey=. Retrieved 15 December 2009.
- ^ Plunkett, John (13 December 2009). "The X Factor: more than 19m watch Joe McElderry win". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2009/dec/14/x-factor-joe-mcelderry. Retrieved 15 December 2009.
- ^ ""Dexter" Season Finale Slashes Records". ABC News. 14 December 2009. http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory?id=9334862. Retrieved 15 December 2009.
- ^ "Britain's Got Talent's Boyle Sings in Eagle Talon Anime". Anime News Network. 4 November 2009. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-11-04/britain-got-talent-boyle-sings-in-eagle-talon-anime. Retrieved 9 January 2009.
- ^ "Eagle Talon The Movie 3 Moviegoers Get 10,000 Free DVDs". Anime News Network. 4 February 2009. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-02-04/eagle-talon-the-movie-3-moviegoers-get-10000-free-dvds. Retrieved 7 February 2009.
- ^ "Susan Boyle To Perform For pope During UK Tour". Billboard. AP. 14 September 2009. http://www.billboard.com/news/susan-boyle-to-perform-for-pope-during-u-1004097221.story#/news/susan-boyle-to-perform-for-pope-during-u-1004097221.story. Retrieved 23 February 2011.
- ^ "Boyle beats Obama in 'most influential' poll". The Scotsman (UK). 2 May 2009. http://news.scotsman.com/scotland/Boyle-beats-Obama-in-39most.6267262.jp. Retrieved 2 May 2009.
- ^ "Susan Boyle more important than Obama". News of The World. 2 May 2009. http://www.newsoftheworld.co.uk/scottish/scottish_showbiz/801604/SuBo-named-as-the-seventh-most-intluential-person-in-the-world.html. Retrieved 2 May 2009.
- ^ Up for Discussion Jump to Forums (14 September 2009). "Susan Boyle Recording Christmas Album: Sources". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/news/susan-boyle-recording-christmas-album-sources-1004105726.story#/news/susan-boyle-recording-christmas-album-sources-1004105726.story. Retrieved 23 February 2011.
- ^ Reuters. "Susan Boyle launches contest to find duet partner". Vancouver Sun. Canada. http://www.vancouversun.com/entertainment/Susan+Boyle+launches+contest+find+duet+partner/3257596/story.html. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
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- ^ Robertson, Colin (15 April 2010). "Intruder Scared The Living Daylights Out Of Me". The Sun (London). http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/tv/britain_got_talent/2932912/Intruder-scared-the-living-daylights-out-of-SuBo.html#ixzz0l888VTs4. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
- ^ "Susan Boyle album is transatlantic No.1". BBC News. 18 November 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11793403. . The others are the Beatles and Monkees.
- ^ Gordon Smart (13 August 2011). "Susan Boyle on R&B adventure". The Sun (UK). http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/bizarre/3750346/Susan-Boyle-on-RB-adventure.html. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
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- ^ Khan, Urmee (14 April 2009). "Britain's Got Talent church worker Susan Boyle becomes YouTube hit". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/5152638/Britains-Got-Talent-church-worker-Susan-Boyle-becomes-YouTube-hit.html. Retrieved 14 April 2009.
- ^ Mudhar, Raju (15 April 2009). "Never-kissed singer an instant Web star". Toronto Star. http://www.thestar.com/News/World/article/618583. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
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- ^ Collins, Scott; Stobart, Janet (17 April 2009). "Talent trumps all for YouTube sensation Susan Boyle". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-susan-boyle17-2009apr17,0,2767635.story. Retrieved 17 April 2009.
- ^ Bunz, Mercedes (16 December 2009). "Susan Boyle on Britain's Got Talent is YouTube's top video of 2009". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/pda/2009/dec/16/susan-boyle-britains-got-talent-youtube. Retrieved 17 December 2009.
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- ^ Rifkind, Hugo (21 May 2009). "S In search of Susan Boyle". The Times (London). http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/tv_and_radio/article6328225.ece. Retrieved 9 November 2010.
- ^ Staff (22 April 2009). "Susan's stardom to be turned into film". The Times of India (India). http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/International-Stars/Susans-stardom-to-be-turned-into-film/articleshow/4435255.cms. Retrieved 23 April 2009.
- ^ Staff (16 April 2009). "Die Maus, die Brüllte" (in German). Der Spiegel. http://www.spiegel.de/panorama/leute/0,1518,619341,00.html. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
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- ^ "Susan Boyle, stunned the world after the vote as a mockery of the public" (in Arabic). Al Arabiya. 17 April 2009. http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2009/04/17/70821.html.
- ^ Robertson, Colin (10 April 2009). "Paula Potts". The Sun (London). http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/tv/article2370359.ece. Retrieved 14 April 2009.
- ^ "Susan Boyle aims to turn celebrity into album sales". Reuters. 20 November 2009. http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE5AJ21R20091120.
- ^ Ram, Vidya (17 April 2009). "Susan Boyle Could Make Millions". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/2009/04/17/boyle-dream-youtube-markets-faces-equity-entertainment.html.
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- ^ "Britain's Got Talent star Susan Boyle's promise to mum". STV.tv. 14 April 2009. http://entertainment.stv.tv/home/88339-britains-got-talent-star-susan-boyles-promise-to-mum/. Retrieved 14 April 2009.
- ^ a b Simpson, Richard; Revoir, Paul; Smith, Lizzie (16 April 2009). "Thumbs-up as Britain's Got Talent sensation Susan discovers she's an international star... with 18m YouTube hits". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1170309/I-wont-let-Simon-Cowell-Hollywood-makeover-vows-Amanda-Holden-TV-angel-internet-hit.html. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
- ^ Hemmer, Bill; Kelly, Megyn (16 April 2009) (streaming). Hitting Her High Note (Television). FOX News. http://video.foxnews.com/v/3928454/hitting-her-high-note/?playlist_id=87937. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
- ^ Youngs, Ian (18 April 2009). "How Susan Boyle won over the world". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8005767.stm. Retrieved 18 April 2009.
- ^ Smith, Jean (19 April 2009). "Singing sensation Susan Boyle gets dream offer from star Elaine Paige". The Sunday Mail. http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/2009/04/19/singing-sensation-susan-boyle-gets-dream-offer-from-star-elaine-paige-78057-21289014/. Retrieved 15 May 2009.
- ^ Staff (21 April 2009). "Jay Leno performs in drag as Susan Boyle". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/5190959/Jay-Leno-performs-in-drag-as-Susan-Boyle.html.
- ^ "スーザン・ボイルさん紅白に、美声も披露 [Susan Boyle will be in Kōhaku Uta Gassen, and introduce beautiful voice.]" (in Japanese). Yomiuri Shimbun. http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/entertainment/news/20091224-OYT1T00934.htm. Retrieved 24 December 2009. [dead link]
- ^ Yomiuri Shimbun, 25 December 2009, Ver.13S p.25
- ^ recorded broadcast on TV Japan, 31 December 2009
- ^ staff (3 December 2009). "Grammy Nominations Poll Results: How Did We Do?". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/features/grammy-nominations-poll-results-how-did-1004050479.story#/features/grammy-nominations-poll-results-how-did-1004050479.story.
- ^ David Gunn (1 February 2010). "Grammys host pays tribute to Susan Boyle, 'the Scottish cat lady'". The Scotsman (UK). http://news.scotsman.com/entertainment/Grammys-host-pays-tribute-to.6030581.jp.
- ^ Youngs, Ian (18 January 2010). "Why the Brits snubbed Susan Boyle". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8466868.stm. Retrieved 24 May 2010.
- ^ "Singing Sensation Susan Boyle To Play Herself in a New Musical". Broadway.com. 29 November 2010. http://www.broadway.com/buzz/154443/singing-sensation-susan-boyle-to-play-herself-in-a-new-musical/. Retrieved 23 February 2011.
- ^ "Susan Boyle The Musical coming to the stage". The Daily Telegraph (UK). 17 June 2011. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/theatre-news/8581429/Susan-Boyle-The-Musical-coming-to-the-stage.html/. Retrieved 26 July 2011. [dead link]
- ^ "Susan Boyle fans travel to see I Dreamed A Dream". ChronicleLive.co.uk. http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/north-east-news/evening-chronicle-news/2012/03/27/susan-boyle-fans-travel-to-see-i-dreamed-a-dream-72703-30632838/. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
- ^ "Susan Boyle musical wins rave review". 3 News. http://www.3news.co.nz/Susan-Boyle-musical-wins-rave-reviews/tabid/418/articleID/248486/Default.aspx. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
- ^ "Susan Boyle Musical: I Dreamed a Dream, Theatre Royal, Newcastle, review". The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/theatre-reviews/9170944/Susan-Boyle-Musical-I-Dreamed-a-Dream-Theatre-Royal-Newcastle-review.html. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
- ^ "I Dreamed A Dream (Newcastle)". whatsonstage.com. http://www.whatsonstage.com/reviews/theatre/london/E8831332922389/I+Dreamed+a+Dream+%28Newcastle%29.html. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
- ^ "Susan Boyle Joins Cast of New Musical I Dreamed a Dream – - News". Whatsonstage.com. http://www.whatsonstage.com/news/theatre/london/E8831318324673/Susan+Boyle+Joins+Cast+of+New+Musical+I+Dreamed+a+Dream.html. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
- ^ Blankenship, Mark (16 April 2009). "Two Reasons Susan Boyle Means So Much to Us". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mark-blankenship/two-reasons-susan-boyle-m_b_187901.html. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
- ^ Douglas-Home, Collette (14 April 2009). "The beauty that matters is always on the inside". The Herald. http://www.heraldscotland.com/the-beauty-that-matters-is-always-on-the-inside-1.907506. Retrieved 15 April 2009.
- ^ Schwarzbaum, Lisa (16 April 2009). "'Britain's Got Talent' breakout Susan Boyle: Why we watch...and weep". Entertainment Weekly. http://popwatch.ew.com/2009/04/14/susan-boyle-why/. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
- ^ Jordan, Mary. The Scot Heard Round the World, The Washington Post, 14 April 2009.
- ^ McManus, Jeanne (16 April 2009). "The Dream She Dreamed". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/04/16/AR2009041602419.html. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
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- ^ Pogrebin, Letty Cottin (16 April 2009). "Why Susan Boyle Makes Us Cry". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/letty-cottin-pogrebin/why-susan-boyle-makes-us_b_187790.html. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
- ^ Gold, Tanya (16 April 2009). "It wasn't singer Susan Boyle who was ugly on Britain's Got Talent so much as our reaction to her". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/apr/16/britains-got-talent-susan-boyle. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
- ^ Richman, Dan. "Don't call Susan Boyle 'pitchy'! Voice coaches, critics say 'Talent' contestant really is a talented singer". MSNBC. http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/30330165. Retrieved 23 April 2009.
- ^ Brown, Craig (16 April 2009). "A dream comes true as singer Susan becomes instant hit with American fans". The Scotsman (UK). http://news.scotsman.com/scotland/A-dream-comes-true-as.5179534.jp. Retrieved 17 April 2009.
- ^ Usborne, David (16 April 2009). "Dreams come true for overnight star". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/dreams-come-true-for-overnight-star-1669952.html. Retrieved 17 April 2009.
- ^ a b Jack, Mathieson. "Susan Boyle buys plush new £300K home – but can't bear to give up £30K council house". Daily Record. http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-news/2010/08/02/susan-boyle-buys-plush-new-300k-home-but-can-t-bear-to-give-up-30k-council-house-86908-22457826/. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
- ^ "Susan Boyle 'has been kissed', neighbour claims". The Daily Telegraph (London). 18 April 2009. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/5175341/Susan-Boyle-has-been-kissed-neighbour-claims.html. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
- ^ "Parish choir singer Susan Boyle becomes overnight sensation :: Catholic News Agency (CNA)". Catholic News Agency. 17 April 2009. http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/parish_choir_singer_susan_boyle_becomes_overnight_sensation/. Retrieved 23 February 2011.
- ^ Wootton, Dan (1 August 2010) "SuBo -I'm on £300 a week", News of the World, and would be worth £22 million by the time she retired.
- ^ "Subo Cash Splash". The Scottish Sun (UK). 3 August 2010. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/bizarre/3079217/Susan-Boyle-in-cash-splash.html. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
- ^ Brady, Buzz. "Susan Boyle to sue her two brothers". Irish Central. http://www.irishcentral.com/ent/Susan-Boyle-to-sue-her-two-brothers--93226529.html. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
- ^ Lee, Cara (23 April 2009). "Susan Boyle makes South Park sick". The Sun (London). http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/tv/article2392316.ece. Retrieved 23 April 2009.
- ^ Hardie, Beth (23 April 2009). "Britain's Got Talent's Susan Boyle makes it onto South Park". Daily Mirror (UK). http://www.mirror.co.uk/celebs/news/2009/04/23/britain-s-got-talent-s-susan-boyle-makes-it-onto-south-park-115875-21300465/. Retrieved 23 April 2009.
- ^ "Susan Boyle Makes Everything Better". 17 April 2009. http://www.latenightwithjimmyfallon.com/blogs/2009/04/susan-boyle-makes-everything-better-with-ben-linus-cameo/. Retrieved 2 May 2009.
- ^ "Springfield's Got Talent". Simpsons Channel. 15 May 2009. http://www.simpsonschannel.com/2009/05/springfields-got-talent/. Retrieved 16 May 2009.
- ^ "Susan Boyle mentioned in Simpsons". BBC News. 20 May 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/edinburgh_and_east/8059927.stm. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ O'Conner, Alice (22 May 2009). "The Sims 3 Trailer Stars Susan Boyle". Shacknews. http://www.shacknews.com/onearticle.x/58757. Retrieved 22 May 2009.
- ^ Neate, Patrick (6 June 2009). "I Dreamed a Dream". BBC Radio 4. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00krgdz. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
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- ^ "Nominees And Winners". GRAMMY.com. http://www.grammy.com/NOMINEES. Retrieved 23 February 2011.
- ^ "Nominees And Winners". GRAMMY.com. http://www.grammy.com/nominees?year=2011&genre=33. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
Further reading[link]
- Boyle, Susan. The Woman I Was Born to Be: My Story (2010) Atria Books ISBN 1451609256
External links[link]
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Susan Boyle |
- Official website
- Susan Boyle at Allmusic
- Works by or about Susan Boyle in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Susan Boyle at the Open Directory Project
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Boyle, Susan |
| Alternative names | Boyle, Susan Margaret |
| Short description | British Singer |
| Date of birth | 1 April 1961 |
| Place of birth | Blackburn, West Lothian, Scotland |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Boyle
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Joshua Foer (born Sept. 23, 1982) is a freelance journalist living in New Haven, Connecticut, USA, with a primary focus on science. He was the 2006 U.S.A. Memory Champion, which was described in his 2011 book, Moonwalking with Einstein: The Art and Science of Remembering Everything.
Contents |
Personal life[link]
Foer is the younger brother of former New Republic editor Franklin Foer and novelist Jonathan Safran Foer. He is the son of Esther Foer, president of a public relations firm, and Albert Foer, a think-tank president.[1] He was born in Washington, D.C. and attended Georgetown Day School. In 2004, he graduated from Yale University, where he lived in Silliman College and then Trumbull College.
Foer is married to Dinah Herlands, a medical student he met while studying at Yale.
Career[link]
Foer sold his first book, Moonwalking with Einstein|Moonwalking with Einstein: The Art and Science of Remembering Everything, to Penguin for publication in March 2011.[2] He received a $1.2 million advance for the book when he was 24.[1] Film rights were optioned by Columbia Pictures shortly after publication.[3]
In 2006, Foer won the U.S.A. Memory Championship, and set a new record in the "speed cards" event by memorizing a deck of 52 cards in 1 minute and 40 seconds.[4] Moonwalking with Einstein describes Foer's journey as a participatory journalist to becoming a national champion mnemonist, under the tutelage of British Grand Master of Memory, Ed Cooke.
Foer's work has appeared in The New York Times,1 The Washington Post,[1] Slate,[2] and The Nation.[3] In 2007, the quarterly art & culture journal Cabinet began publishing Foer's column "A Minor History Of." The column "examines an overlooked cultural phenomenon using a timeline."[5]
Organizations[link]
Foer has organized several websites and organizations based on his interests. He created the Athanasius Kircher Society which had only one session featuring Kim Peek and Joseph Kittinger."[4]. He is the co-founder, along with Dylan Thuras, of the Atlas Obscura,[6] an online compendium of "The World's Wonders, Curiosities, and Esoterica". He is also a co-organizer of Sukkah City.[7]
Bibliography[link]
- ISBN 978-1-59420-229-2 Moonwalking with Einstein, Penguin Press HC, March 3, 2011
References[link]
- ^ a b Dowd, Maureen (2011-03-08). "Sexy Ruses to Stop Forgetting to Remember". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/09/opinion/09dowd.html.
- ^ http://www.nybusiness.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=200661031005
- ^ Kilday, Gregg (March 16, 2011). "Columbia Acquires 'Moonwalking With Einstein' for Big-Screen Adaptation". The Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/columbia-acquires-moonwalking-einstein-big-168507.
- ^ Foer, Joshua (2011-02-15). "Secrets of a Mind-Gamer". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/02/20/magazine/mind-secrets.html. Retrieved 2011-02-18.
- ^ "Columns". Cabinet issue 26: pg. 7.
- ^ http://www.atlasobscura.com
- ^ "Sukkah City," Sam Grawe, Dwell, 05/30/2010.
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Foer, Joshua |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American journalist |
| Date of birth | Sept. 23, 1982 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Joshua_Foer
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Foer
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
