Look up category in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Category, plural categories, may refer to:

Philosophy and Cognitive Science[link]

• Category of being
• Categories (Aristotle)
• Category (Kant)
• Categories (Peirce)
• Category (Vaisheshika)
• Stoic Categories
• For categories in cognitive science, see categorization

Mathematics[link]

• Category (mathematics)
• Abelian category
• Category of abelian groups
• Category of sets
• Category (topology) in the context of Baire spaces
• Category theory
• Equivalence of categories
• Lyusternik–Schnirelmann category, sometimes called LS-category or simply category
• Monoidal category
• Preadditive category

Games[link]

• Category (chess tournament)

Computer programming[link]

• Categories, a programming concept in Objective-C

Network cabling[link]

• Networking Cable: CAT (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5e, 6, 6a)

Other[link]

• Pregnancy category
• Prison security categories in the United Kingdom
• List of boxing weight classes
• List of software categories
• Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale - common categorization of hurricane intensities
• Lexical category
• Categories of New Testament manuscripts

See also[link]

• All pages with titles containing "Category"
• Categorical (disambiguation)
• Categorization
• Category 1 (disambiguation)
• Category 2 (disambiguation)
• Category 3 (disambiguation)
• Category 4 (disambiguation)
• Category 5 (disambiguation)
• Category 6 (disambiguation)
• Category 7: The End of the World
• Category A (disambiguation)
• Category B (disambiguation)
• Category C (disambiguation)

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2009)

Baiju Bawra or Baijnath Prasad or Baijnath Mishra (1542–1613) was an Indian dhrupad singer. He was the court musician of Raja Mansingh of Gwalher, now Gwalior, along with Nayak Charju, Bakshu, and others. Much of the information on Baiju Bawra is legendary and not historically verifiable.

Early life[link]

Bawra was born in either Chanderi (in Gwalior) or in Champaner (in Gujarat) on Sharad Purnima in the month of Ashwini in 1599 according to Vikram Samvat calendar (1542 CE). He was called Bawra (crazy) because he was insanely in love with a dancer in Chanderi. Baiju learnt Dhrupad music in Dagurvaani in Vrindavan.

Career[link]

Bawra was a musician at the court of the Raja of Chanderi (now in the Guna District of Madhya Pradesh). Later, he became a musician at the court of Raja Mansingh of Gwalher (modern Gwalior in Madhya Pradesh). Sultan Bahadur Shah of Gujarat had also patronized Baiju.^[1]

Like Tansen, the musician at the court of Mughal Emperor Akbar, Bawra was a disciple of Swami Haridas (1512–1607).

According to historical books preserved in Jai Vilas Mahal in Gwalior, he would light oil lamps by singing Raga Deepak, make it rain by singing the ragas Megh, Megh Malhar, or Gaud Malhar, and bloom flowers by singing raga Bahar.

Contemporary singers[link]

Swami Haridas teaching Tansen

Besides Tansen, renowned singers, Baba Ram Das, who composed raga Ramdasi Malhar, and Nayak Charju, who composed raga Charju ki Malhar, were Baiju's contemporaries.

Historian Abul Fazal at Emperor Akbar's court and historian Faqirullah at Emperor Aurangzeb's court have written that Baiju defeated Tansen in a singing competition at the court of Akbar. Tansen then touched Baiju's feet and asked for his own life. In response, kind-hearted Baiju went back to Gwalior.

A Legend on Baiju[link]

A legend goes as follows. Gopal Lala was a beloved student of Baiju. After Gopal Lala and his wife deserted Baiju to seek a performing career elsewhere, Baiju lost his senses. From this point onwards, he was known as Baiju Bawra (crazy Baiju). The king of Kashmir employed Gopal Lala as a court musician; Gopal Lala claimed that he was a self-taught musician. On learning this, Baiju reached that city in tattered clothes. His crazed appearance and singing caused a sensation but Gopal Lala refused to recognize his guru. Duly, a contest was arranged between Baiju and Gopal Lala at the royal court. Baiju was to sing first and Gopal Lala was to respond. Baiju sang raga Bhimpalasi with such effect that Gopal Lala broke down and died of heart attack on the spot. Gopal Lala's body was cremated on the bank of river Satluj. When the bones in Gopal's body were thrown in the river following the cremation, they sank. According to a legend, Gopal's widow then asked Baiju to retrieve her husband's bones. Responding, Baiju taught a new version of Malhar to her daughter, Meera, and after a week's training, Meera sang that raga on the bank of Satluj in front of a crowd. As soon as she finished the Dhrupad, her father's bones emerged on the bank out of the river. From that time on, that raga is known as Meera ki Malhar. After this incident, Baiju renounced a wordly life and disappeared in the forests of Kashmir.

Later life[link]

Baiju died of typhoid at the age of 71 on the eve of the Indian festival, Basant Panchami in Vikram Samvat 1670 (1613 CE).

In popular culture[link]

Baiju Bawra, a Hindi-language film was made on him in 1952. In the movie, Baiju is a musician who believes that Tansen is responsible for his father's death. He attempts to avenge his father's death by challenging Tansen to a musical duel and is successful in defeating him.

References[link]

Not to be confused with Shamshad Begum (classical singer) (d. 1998), mother of Naseem Banu, and grandmother of actress Saira Banu.

Shamshad Begum (born April 14, 1919^[1]) is an Indian singer who was one of the first playback singers in the Hindi film industry.

Begum was born in Amritsar, Punjab. She was a big fan of K.L. Saigal and watched Devdas 14 times. She earned 15 rupees per song and was awarded 5,000 on the completion of the contract on Xenophone, a renowned music recording company.

Sometime back, a controversy erupted in the media, when several publications gave the false news of her death, before it was clarified that the Shamshad Begum who died in 1998 was Saira Banu's (Dilip Kumar's wife) grandmother with the same name. The singer has been living with her daughter Usha Ratra and son-in-law in Mumbai, ever since her husband Ganpat Lal Batto died in 1955.^[2] Recently, she celebrated her 89th birthday at her elder sister's house and now she stays at - Hiranandani Gardens, Powai, Mumbai ^[3] She was conferred the Padma Bhushan in 2009.^[4]

Career[link]

Begum made her debut on radio on Peshawar Radio in Lahore on December 16, 1947, captivating the hearts of her listeners with the enchanting depth of her voice. Shamshad was very much conscious of her not so beautiful face and she never posed for any pictures and not many people saw her pictures anywhere. Until the end of the 1970s, nobody knew her face at all, though everybody could recognise her melodious voice as it was used by the great maestros like Naushad Ali and O. P. Nayyar. Even today, her songs from the 1950s, 1960s and early 1970s are popular and continue to be remixed by music directors.

Begum sang for the All India Radio (AIR) through her musical group 'The Crown Imperial Theatrical Company of Performing Arts', set up in Delhi. The then AIR Lahore helped her entering the world of movies as they frequently broadcast her songs, which induced music directors to use her voice for their films. Shamshad also recorded naats and devotional music for a couple of gramophone recording companies.

Her crystal-clear voice caught the attention of sarangi maestro Ustad Hussain Bakshwale Saheb, who took her as his disciple. Lahore-based composer Ghulam Haider used her voice skillfully in some of his earlier films like Khazanchi (1941) and Khandaan (1942). When he moved to Bombay in 1944, Shamshad went with him as a member of his team, leaving behind her family and staying with her Chacha (paternal uncle). She is credited with singing one of the first Westernised songs, Meri jaan...Sunday ke Sunday by C. Ramchandra. O.P. Nayyar describes her voice as that of a "temple bell" for its clarity of tone. Begum became a national rage between the 1940s and the late 1950s, having a voice different from her peers like Lata Mangeshkar, Asha Bhonsle, Geeta Dutt and Amirbai Karnataki. In 2009, she was conferred with the prestigious O P Nayyar award for her contribution to Hindi film music.^[5]

Songs[link]

• Leke pehla pehla pyar, (CID 1956), (music: O.P. Nayyar)
• Milte hi aankhen dil hua, (Duet with Talat Mehmood), (Babul), (music: Naushad)
• Chali chali kaisi yeh hawa yeh, (Duet with Usha Mangeshkar), (Bluffmaster 1965), (music: Kalyanji Anandji)
• Kabhi aar kabhi paar zara dere chalo, (Aar Paar), (music: O.P. Nayyar)
• O Gadiwale - Mother India - Naushad
• Kahin pe nigahen kahin pe nishana - CID (1956) - music O.P. Nayyar
• Boojh Mera Kya Naam Re - (1956) - music O.P.Nayyar
• Mere piya gaye Rangoon - Patanga - music C.Ramchandra
• Ek Tera Sahara – Shama - music Master Ghulam Haider
• Holi aayee re Kanhaai - Mother India (1957) - Lyrics: Shakeel Badayuni, Music: Naushad
• Naina Bhar aye neer - Humayun - music Master Ghulam Haider
• Chod Babul Ka Ghar - Babul - music Naushad
• Kajra Mohabbatwala Ankhiyon mein Aisa dala (Duet with Asha Bhosle) - Kismat (1968) - Music: O.P. Nayyar
• Meri neendon main tum, meri khwabon mein tum (Duet with Kishore Kumar) - Naya Andaz - Music: O.P.Nayyar
• Teri Mehfil Mein Qismat (Duet with Lata Mangeshkar) - Mughal-E-Azam
• Saiyan Dil mein aana re - Bahar

'

References[link]

External links[link]

• Legends - Shamshad Begum: Her profile, Interview, complete list of her songs and her work with Music Directors and Co-Singers
• Shamshad Begum at the Internet Movie Database
• Indianetzone - Shamshad Begum
• PLANET POWAI - Shamshad Begum
• IndianMelody.com - Shamshad Begum, The Legendary Singer This link refers to the wrong Shamshad Begum, which says she has died.
• PRO BOLLYWOOD - Dharti Ko Aakash Pukare by Manohar Iyer
• PRO BOLLYWOOD - Shamshad Begum's Photos at Dadasaheb Phalke Academy Awards
• Dhool.com - Song of the Day # 691
• Shamshad Begum -The Eternal Voice

Video links

• Shamshad begum Film songs

v t e Bollywood (Hindi cinema) Directors · Actors · Playback singers · Music Directors · Songs · Bibliography Hindi films A–Z—Highest-grossing Films by year: 1930s · 1940 · 1941 · 1942 · 1943 · 1944 · 1945 · 1946 · 1947 · 1948 · 1949 · 1950 · 1951 · 1952 · 1953 · 1954 · 1955 · 1956 · 1957 · 1958 · 1959 · 1960 · 1961 · 1962 · 1963 · 1964 · 1965 · 1966 · 1967 · 1968 · 1969 · 1970 · 1971 · 1972 · 1973 · 1974 · 1975 · 1976 · 1977 · 1978 · 1979 · 1980 · 1981 · 1982 · 1983 · 1984 · 1985 · 1986 · 1987 · 1988 · 1989 · 1990 · 1991 · 1992 · 1993 · 1994 · 1995 · 1996 · 1997 · 1998 · 1999 · 2000 · 2001 · 2002 · 2003 · 2004 · 2005 · 2006 · 2007 · 2008 · 2009 · 2010 · 2011 · 2012

Sandeep Kulkarni (born Sandeep Shrikanth Kulkarni on 16 November 1964) is an actor from India who is also a painter. An actor from theatre, television, and films, his work is popular among Hindi and Marathi audiences.

He has acted in three National Award-winning films: Shwaas (2004), India's official entry to the Oscars; Dombivali Fast (2006); and Traffic Signal (2007). He won three Maharashtra State awards in the Best Actor category for Shwaas in 2004, Dombivali Fast in 2006 and Adhantari in 2005. He won the best actor award in the Nigerian Film Festival^[which?] for his critically acclaimed performance in the film Ek Daav Sansaracha in 2009. His remarkable contributions were steps in the positive direction to lift Marathi movies at an international platform.

Early life and background[link]

Born in Pune, Sandeep was raised in a Maharashtrian middle-class Kayasth family by father Shrikanth Kulkarni and mother Lata Kulkarni. Though an introvert during his early schooling in Mumbai, he expressed his thoughts through the power of sketches and colours. Further on towards high school, he decided to become an 'artist’ while envisioning graduation from the best arts school in Mumbai — Sir J. J. School of Art.

During his journey of becoming an artist at Sir J. J. School of Art, he was blessed with the mentorship of professors such as Prabhakar Kolte and Atul Dodia, both leading Indian painters. These mentors recognized the spark in Sandeep and helped him discover the flame of visual art. This nurturing and influence evolved Sandeep as a painter which eventually saw him participate in group monsoon show — a first exhibition of his work at the Jehangir Art Gallery (1986). Staying focused, eventually Sandeep completed his graduation (Bachelor of Fine Arts) in 1986.

While pursing painting, Sandeep was also exploring acting until he met Pandit Satyadev Dubey, the much-respected and admired theatre thespian. Heavily influenced and inspired by his teachings, Sandeep found himself perfectly fit to be an actor.

Career[link]

After intense theatre for four years in English, Marathi and Hindi, his career started to take shape in television. He played varied roles such as that of young Muslim lawyer Salim in love with a local Muslim woman on 9 Malabar Hill on Zee TV, a press reporter in Farz on DD Metro, an underworld don who deals with drugs in Swabhiman on DD, a counselor in Nyay on DD Metro. He also played the role of a cop who solves the mystery behind an old couple refusing to accept the dead body of their son in the much-talked-about one-hour suspense thriller First Kill directed by Shriram Raghavan.

Sandeep’s career in films began with his first role in the movie Mammo (1994) directed by the legendary Shyam Benegal, set in the backdrop of India Pakistan Partition (1947). He was seen playing the role of an immigration officer (Apte) who tries to help the immigrant protagonist Mammo.

He played the role of a gangster, Shankar, who chases the hero throughout the plot wearing a new pair of shoes that bite and eventually hurt him in Is Raat Ki Subaah Nahin (1996) directed by Sudhir Mishra. His role added to the black humor of the film.

He played a Naxalite who later becomes an activist, in spite of his colleagues being caught and killed in Hazar Chaurasi Ki Maa (1998), directed by Goving Nihalani.

Shwaas (2004), directed by Sandip Sawant, put Sandeep’s performance under spotlight. He played the role of an oncologist who attempts to convince the grandfather of a child suffering from eye cancer to agree to a life-saving surgery although he is faced with the reality of child becoming permanently blind. Sandeep's biggest compliment of his career was earned when, after watching the film, the legendary actor Shabana Azmi asked him if he had studied medicine. Shwass won Sandeep numerous awards: the State Award being one of them. The film won the National Award as well and was India's official entry to the Oscars.

In a 2005 film, Hazaaron Khwaishein Aisi directed by Sudhir Mishra, Sandeep played a Naxal leader, Probir, involved in spreading the Naxalite movement from Bengal to India.

2005 saw another success in Sandeep's career when he played a common man from downtown (Dombivali), on the edge of busy, frustrating, unimproved and deteriorating daily lifestyle who eventually starts straightening things around him in the critically acclaimed Dombivali Fast directed by Nishikant Kamath.

In 2005 Sandeep also played the role of Sane Guruji, a biopic teacher, poet, freedom fighter, also known as Gandhiji of Maharashtra in Sane Guruji. Sandeep’s career includes other series of films such as Adhantari (2005), Maay Baap (2006), Rajkaran (2007).

Traffic Signal (2006) is a national award-winning film, directed by Madhur Bhandarkar, where Sandeep played an NGO volunteer who is seen helping street children.

In the Marathi film Made in China (2009), he took the role of a young farmer who is literate and updated on technology and who challenges his uncle, a politician who intends to bring in a special economic zone (SEZ). 2009 also saw him perform the double role of a young businessman creating identity crisis for his wife, family and friends. In 2009 Sandeep won the best actor award in the International Nigerian Film Festival^[which?] for Ek Daav Sansaracha where he plays the role of a husband with a complex due to a failed marriage, blamed impotency and his struggle to make a second marriage work.

In 2010 other Marathi films that Sandeep acted in include Khel SaatBaracha and Pratisaad. Other films in the pipeline scheduled for release in 2011 included Nirvana 13 and Paranoia (under production).

Personal life[link]

Sandeep married Kanchan Naik in 1999. She completed her Masters of Fine Arts from Sir J. J. School of Art. They have a son named Vrundar. Sandeep has one brother named Sachin Kulkarni who is working with Merchant Navy in Singapore with his family.

Filmography[link]

Awards and honors[link]

International awards[link]

Sandeep has received the Nigerian International Film Festival^{[citation needed]} Award for Best Actor for his role in "Ek Daav Sansaracha".

• 2008 - Nigerian International Film Festival Award - Best Actor, Ek Daav Sansaracha
• 2004 - Official entry for the Oscars: Shwaas

National awards[link]

• 2004 - Shwaas
• 2005 - Dombivali Fast
• 2007 - Traffic Signal

State awards[link]

• 2004 - Best Actor, Shwaas
• 2005 - Best Actor, Dombivali Fast
• 2005 - Best Actor, Adhantari

Other awards[link]

• 2004 - Zee Award – Best Actor, Shwaas
• 2005 - Zee Award – Best Actor, Maharashtra Times Awards – Best Actor, Dombivali Fast

External links[link]

• Sandeep Kulkarni at the Internet Movie Database

This article about an Indian actor or actress is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e