An example of a charter (Magna Carta).

A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and that sense is retained in modern usage of the term. Also, charter can simply be a document giving royal permission to start a colony.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte (ultimately from the Latin word for "paper"), but the concept is universal and transcends language. It has come to be synonymous with the document that lays out the granting of rights or privileges.

Colloquial usages[link]

The term is used for a special case (or as an exception) to an institutional charter. A charter school, for example, is one that has different rules, regulations, and statutes from a state school.

Charter is sometimes used as a synonym for 'tool' or 'lease', as in the 'charter' of a bus or boat by an organization, intended for a similar group destination.

A charter member of an organization is an original member; that is, one who became a member when the organization received its charter.

Different types of charters[link]

Anglo-Saxon Charters are documents from the early medieval period in Britain which typically make a grant of land or record a privilege. They are usually written on parchment, in Latin but often with sections in the vernacular, describing the bounds of estates, which often correspond closely to modern parish boundaries. The earliest surviving charters were drawn up in the 670s; the oldest surviving charters granted land to the Church, but from the 8th century surviving charters were increasingly used to grant land to lay people.

Charter colony[link]

The British Empire used three main types of colonies as it sought to expand its territory to distant parts of the earth. These three types were royal colonies, proprietary colonies, and corporate colonies. A charter colony by definition is a "colony…chartered to an individual, trading company, etc., by the British crown."^[1] Although charter colonies were not the most prevalent of the three types of colonies in the British Empire, they were by no means insignificant.

Congressional charter[link]

A congressional charter is a law passed by the United States Congress that states the mission, authority and activities of a group. Congress issued federal charters from 1791 until 1992 under Title 36 of the United States Code.

Municipal charter[link]

A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to) cities, counties, towns, townships, charter townships, villages, and boroughs. Municipal incorporation occurs when such municipalities become self-governing entities under the laws of the state or province in which they are located. Often, this event is marked by the award or declaration of a municipal charter.

Project charter[link]

In project management, a project charter or project definition (sometimes called the terms of reference) is a statement of the scope, objectives and participants in a project. It provides a preliminary delineation of roles and responsibilities, outlines the project objectives, identifies the main stakeholders, and defines the authority of the project manager. It serves as a reference of authority for the future of the project.

Royal charter[link]

In medieval Europe, royal charters were used to create cities (i.e., localities with recognised legal rights and privileges). The date that such a charter was granted is considered to be when a city was "founded", regardless of when the locality originally began to be settled.

At one time a royal charter was the only way in which an incorporated body could be formed, but other means (such as the registration process for limited companies) are generally now used instead.

See also[link]

• Articles of Incorporation
• Atlantic Charter
• chartered
• Charter school
• Earth Charter
• Freedom Charter
• Fueros (Spanish version)
• General incorporation law
• Magna Carta
• Medieval Bulgarian royal charters
• Papal Bull
• United Nations Charter

References[link]

External links[link]

Look up charter in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Charters

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Marvin Winans Jr is an American singer and producer from Detroit, Michigan.

Biography[link]

Early years[link]

Born to Marvin L. Winans, Sr., known as to be the leader of the famed gospel cross over group "The Winans", and songstress and gospel great, Vickie Winans, on December 28, 1979, Marvin began capturing the hearts of audiences at the early age of 5. Growing up, Marvin inherited musical prowess, and as a first-hand witness, he watched his family grow from small beginnings to international success. Marvin's half brother Mario is also in the music industry and made a big splash on the musical scene as a Bad Boy recording artist in 2004 with his hit single "I Don't Want to Know".

Musical career[link]

Marvin's first passion ironically, was not music. He first desired to follow in the footsteps of his childhood hero and basketball great, Isiah Thomas. However, his passion for music soon overtook any desires to play professional basketball. Marvin's desire to write songs and produce music grew strong as he watched his older brother, Mario, develop his production skills in the basement of their home. He also studied his father when he used the living room piano to write songs that later became world renowned. Inevitably, the writing bug also bit Marvin and at the age of 10 with his first attempt at songwriting, entitled, "People", he stumbled into the family business!

At the age of 16, Marvin took his love for music to another level, forming his first ever singing group, "One Way", with his cousin Michael Winans Jr. and friends, Karl Jackson and Lance Bennett. "One Way" performed their songs, "Never Leave Your Side" and "Stay with Me Lord", at their first ever-appearance on New Year's Eve, 1996, at Perfecting Church, in Detroit, MI, where Marvin's father is the pastor.

"One Way" would only be a stepping-stone, as Marvin and Michael would join their cousins Carvin Jr. and Juan to form the third generation of Winans professional recording artists, "Winans Phase 2". At the age of 18, Marvin along with his three cousins, Carvin, Michael and Juan signed a major recording deal with Myrrh/Epic Records. The group achieved tremendous success with their debut album entitled "We Got Next", capturing fans internationally! Marvin and the Grammy-nominated group, debuted at #1 on Gospel Billboard charts, sold over 250,000 records and performed in front of crowds as large as 50,000, including shows in the US and Europe (Germany, Holland, London, and Amsterdam). They also performed and were featured on several national television shows including The Oprah Winfrey Show, Donnie & Marie, and the Queen Latifah show. Known to their fans as "Phase 2", Marvin, Carvin, Juan and Mike joined their entire family for a spectacular Winans Family Tour in 2002, touring 40 US cities! What Marvin had accomplished thus far was only the beginning.

Marvin recently married to Tennessee State University graduate Monique Johnson and lives with his wife in Tampa, Florida.

Image of a Man[link]

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Discography[link]

References[link]

Marvin Lawrence Winans (born March 5, 1958)^[1] is an American gospel singer and member of the musical Winans family. He is also known for his recurring role in the hit show Tyler Perry's House of Payne.

Life and career[link]

Personal life[link]

Winans was born in Detroit, Michigan,^[2] the fourth of 10 children of Delores (née Ransom) and David Glenn Winans, Sr., who recorded together as "Mom and Pop Winans".^[1][3][4] His siblings David II, Carvin (his fraternal twin), Benjamin (BeBe), Daniel, Michael, Ronald, Priscilla (CeCe), Deborah (Debbie), Angelique (Angie) are also musically gifted and have careers in the music industry singing, writing and producing. Marvin met and married Vickie Bowman, to whom he was married for 16 years until their divorce in 1995. His sons, Marvin Jr. (Coconut), Josiah Winans, and stepson Mario (Skeeter) are also in the music business. Mario is a producer and R&B singer. Marvin Jr., once a member of Winans Phase 2, is now a solo artist and is also a producer, and Josiah Winans is Also a Producer featured on Marvin jr's first solo project.

Musical career[link]

Winans sang in the 1970s with his brothers Ronald, Carvin (his twin) and Michael (the group also included others) as The Testimonial Singers. Their first performance was at a high school talent show. In 1975 the group's name was changed to The Winans. Their musical careers spanned both the 1980s and 1990s. The Winans, who were discovered by Andrae Crouch, released their first album under the new group's name, entitled Introducing The Winans, in 1981. The Winans were greatly influenced by the Queen of Gospel Albertina Walker and her group The Caravans. An organist and pianist, Marvin also wrote songs, and produced for The Winans records, for solo projects from family members, and on other gospel releases. For his vocals on the 1985 song "Bring Back the Days of Yea and Nay", Winans was awarded a Grammy for Best Male Soul Gospel Performance. He and several of his siblings and family members sang the Winans hit "Tomorrow" at Whitney Houston's funeral. ^[5]

In 2007, Winans released his first solo recording, Alone, But Not Alone.

Pastor, Perfecting Church (Detroit)[link]

Winans, a pastor, founded The Perfecting Church in Detroit, Michigan in the early 1990s, and released an album with the church's choir in 1992 entitled Introducing Perfected Praise. A second album, Friends, appeared in 2001. His 2007 release, Alone but Not Alone, was nominated for a Grammy award for Best Contemporary R&B Gospel Album. On Saturday, February 18, 2012, at noon (EST), Winans preached the eulogy at Whitney Houston's funeral, at New Hope Baptist Church in Newark, New Jersey.

Discography[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Marvin Winans at the Internet Movie Database