George Pell AC (born 8 June 1941) is an Australian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He is the eighth and current Archbishop of Sydney, serving since 2001.[1] He previously served as auxiliary bishop (1987–96) and archbishop (1996–2001) of the Archdiocese of Melbourne.[2] He was created a cardinal in 2003.[3]
Pell was born in Ballarat, Victoria, to George Arthur and Margaret Lillian (née Burke) Pell.[3] His father, a non-practising Anglican whose ancestors were from Leicestershire in England, was a heavyweight boxing champion; his mother was a devout Catholic of Irish descent.[4][page needed] During World War II, his father served in the Australian Defence Force.[4][page needed] His sister, Margaret, became a violinist with the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra.[5] As a child, he underwent 24 operations to remove an abscess in his throat.[4][page needed]
Pell received his early education at Loreto Convent and at St. Patrick's College, both in his native Ballarat.[1] One of his classmates at St Patrick's was Paul Bongiorno.[4][page needed] At St Patrick's, Pell played as a ruckman on the first XVIII from 1956 to 1959.[5] He even signed to play with the Richmond Football Club.[3] However, his ambitions later turned to the priesthood. Speaking of his decision to become a priest, Pell once said, "To put it crudely, I feared and suspected and eventually became convinced that God wanted me to do His work, and I was never able to successfully escape that conviction."[4][page needed]
In 1960, he began his priestly studies at Corpus Christi College, then located in Werribee.[1] One of his fellow seminarians at Corpus Christi was Denis Hart, Pell's future successor as Archbishop of Melbourne.[4] Pell continued to play football and served as class prefect in his second and third years.[4][page needed] In 1963, he was assigned to continue his studies at the Pontifical Urbaniana University in Rome.[5] He was ordained to the diaconate on 15 August 1966.[3]
On 16 December 1966, Pell was ordained a priest by Cardinal Grégoire-Pierre Agagianian at St. Peter's Basilica.[2] He received a Licentiate of Sacred Theology from the Urbaniana University in 1967, and continued his studies at the University of Oxford, where he earned a DPhil in church history in 1971.[3] During his studies at Oxford, he also served as a chaplain to Catholic students at Eton College, where he celebrated the first Roman Catholic Mass since the English Reformation.[4]
In 1971, he returned to Australia and was assigned to serve as an assistant priest in Swan Hill, where he remained for two years.[3] He then served at a parish in Ballarat East from 1973 to 1983, becoming administrator of the parish of Bungaree in 1984.[3] In 1982, he earned a Master of Education degree from Monash University in Melbourne.[1] During his tenure in Ballarat East and Bungaree, he also served as Episcopal Vicar for Education (1973–84), director of the Aquinas campus of the Institute of Catholic Education (1974–84) and principal of the Institute of Catholic Education (1981–84).[1] He was also editor of Light, the diocesan newspaper of Ballarat, from 1979 to 1984.[3]
From 1985 to 1987, Pell served as seminary rector of his alma mater, Corpus Christi College.[1]
Pell was appointed an auxiliary bishop of Melbourne and Titular Bishop of Scala on 30 March 1987. He received his episcopal consecration on 21 May 1987 from Archbishop Frank Little, with bishops Ronald Mulkearns and Joseph O'Connell serving as co-consecrators. He served as Bishop for the Southern Region of Melbourne (1987–96). During this time, he was a parish priest in Mentone.[1]
Pell was named seventh Archbishop of Melbourne on 16 July 1996, receiving the pallium from Pope John Paul II on 29 June 1997. He was later appointed eighth Archbishop of Sydney on 26 March 2001 and again received the pallium from John Paul on 29 June 2001.
Pell was a consultor of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace from 1990 to 1995 and a member from 2002. From 1990 to 2000 he was a member of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. In April 2002, John Paul II named him President of the Vox Clara commission to advise the Congregation for Divine Worship on English translations of liturgical texts. In December 2002 he was appointed a member of the Pontifical Council for the Family, having previously served as a consultor to the council.
Pell has written widely in religious and secular magazines, learned journals and newspapers in Australia and overseas and regularly speaks on television and radio. In September 1996 Oxford University Press published his Issues of Faith and Morals, written for senior secondary classes and parish groups. His other publications include The Sisters of St Joseph in Swan Hill 1922–72 (1972), Catholicism in Australia (1988), Rerum Novarum – One Hundred Years Later (1992), Catholicism and the Architecture of Freedom (1999) and Be Not Afraid, a collection of homilies and reflections published in 2004. A biography of Pell was published by Queensland journalist Tess Livingstone in 2002.[citation needed]
Since Pell's appointment as Archbishop of Melbourne he has maintained a high public profile on a wide range of issues, while retaining a strict adherence to Catholic orthodoxy; with some dispute over the issue of Catholics and "primacy of conscience".[6][7]
Pell worked co-operatively with his Anglican counterpart, Peter Jensen, on political issues while avoiding theological controversies. This was referred to in Sydney as "the ecumenism of the right". In defending the importance of religious belief in building a just society, Pell worked with representatives of non-Christian faiths, arguing in 2001 that "the most significant religious change in Australia over the past 50 years is the increase of people without religion, now about one fifth of the population. All monotheists, Christians and Jews, Muslims and Sikhs, must labour to reverse this. We must not allow the situation to deteriorate as it had in Elijah's time, 850 years before Christ, where monotheism was nearly swamped by the aggressive paganism of the followers of Baal."[citation needed]
Styles of
George Pell |
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| Reference style |
His Most Reverend Eminence |
| Spoken style |
Your Eminence |
| Informal style |
Cardinal |
| See |
Sydney |
On 28 September 2003 Pope John Paul II announced that he would nominate Pell and 28 others to the College of Cardinals.[8] In the consistory of 21 October he was created and proclaimed Cardinal-Priest of S. Maria Domenica Mazzarello. For the first time ever, from Pell's elevation to the cardinalate in 2003 until Edward Bede Clancy's 80th birthday on 13 December 2003, there were three Australian cardinal electors (had a papal election become necessary), including Clancy and Edward Idris Cassidy, president emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity.
Pell was one of the electors who participated in the 2005 papal conclave that selected Pope Benedict XVI. It has been speculated that Pell served as a type of "campaign manager" behind Benedict's election.[9] While there was a little speculation in the Australian media that he had an outside chance of becoming Pope himself, international commentary on the papal succession (aside from one Italian source) did not mention Pell as a contender. However, Pell was mentioned as a possible successor to Benedict XVI as head of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.[10] This position was given to William Levada, former Archbishop of San Francisco. Pell remains eligible to participate in any future papal conclaves that begin before his 80th birthday on 8 June 2021.
In 2006 Pell made a successful bid for Sydney to host the 2008 World Youth Day, one of the largest regular international gatherings of young people in the world, often attracting crowds of millions. The 2008 event brought Pope Benedict XVI on his first papal visit to Australia. "We take it for granted that people will always give to the poor and be concerned about social justice", Pell said soon after winning the bid, in remarks which spelled out his pastoral priorities. "But this doesn't just happen by itself. Many great civilisations have shown no regard for these values at all and have even considered them weaknesses...Every society requires a goodly percentage of active believers to ensure that the values of a fair go and respect for others are promoted, and passed on the next generation. World Youth Day will make a powerful contribution to this vital work".[citation needed]
In the Australian context, Pell is regarded as a conservative on matters of faith and morals.[11] He has often been wary of what he calls the "callousness" of unrestrained capitalism. He has written that a Catholic is someone who is not only a person of personal conscience but "is someone who believes Christ is Son of God, accepts His teachings and lives a life of worship, service and duty in the community. Catholics are not created by the accident of birth to remain only because their tribe has an interesting history."[12]
[edit] Ad orientem liturgy
Pell supports, in the abstract but not as a proposal for immediate application, mandatory celebration of the Canon of the Mass with the ad orientem orientation of the priest, facing in the same direction as the congregation. "There's nothing like a consensus in favour of that at the moment. I think I would be in favour of it because it makes it patently clear that the priest is not the centre of the show, that this an act of worship of the one true God, and the people are joining with the priest for that."[13]
Asked by an Australian journalist in 2012 whether there had ever been a Garden of Eden scenario with an "actual" Adam and Eve, Pell said:[14]
Adam and Eve are terms - what do they mean: life and earth. It’s like every man. That’s a beautiful, sophisticated, mythological account. It’s not science but it’s there to tell us two or three things. First of all that God created the world and the universe. Secondly, that the key to the whole of universe, the really significant thing, are humans and, thirdly, it is a very sophisticated mythology to try to explain the evil and suffering in the world.
Asked to describe his concept of Heaven for Australian TV in 2012, Pell said:[14]
[I]n some sense we will be there as continuing persons. In some with a new heaven and a new earth with all the good things that we’ve done will be incorporated into the new heaven and new earth. How it will work out I don't know because, I think, physically and morally and intellectually we're at our peak at different stages in our life. How it will work out I’ve got no idea but that is the general outline of Christian teaching.
Asked about the subject of Hell, Pell said that he used the example of Hitler to explain the notion of a need for Hell: "You think Hitler might be in hell? Started the Second World War, caused the death of 50 million or would you prefer a system where Hitler got away with it for free?"
We Catholics generally believe that there is a hell. I hope nobody is there. I certainly believe in a place of purification. I think it will be like getting up in the morning and you throw the curtains back and the light is just too much. God's light would be too much for us. But I believe on behalf of the innocent victims in history that the scales of justice should work out. And if they don't, life is radically unjust, the law of the jungle prevails.
Pell supported Pope John Paul II's view that the ordination of women is impossible according to the church's divine constitution and has also expressed his opinion that abandoning the tradition of clerical celibacy would be a "serious blunder".[15]
Pell has expressed agreement with the lifting of the excommunication of the four bishops of the Traditionalist Catholic Society of St Pius X (SSPX). He has said that "I think it is certainly a worthy goal to try to reconcile that wing of the Church", but also insisted that the SSPX must accept the teachings of the Second Vatican Council before it can be fully reconciled with the Holy See, saying: "I think it would be quite incongruous wanting to be formally reconciled with the Church if you are explicitly disavowing key elements of Vatican II", among which he mentioned the teaching that "the state cannot coerce belief" and the council's "condemnation of anti-semitism".[16]
Pell has written that he supported the Afghanistan War but believed that the Iraq War was "not morally justified".[17]
Pell has criticised the bipartisan policy of mandatory detention of asylum seekers in Australia and called for "empathy and compassion" towards displaced peoples.[18] Pell said that while a policy of detterence was justifiable, the practice of the policy was coming at too great a "moral cost".[19] Describing conditions in some of Australia's mandatory detention camps in 2001 as "pretty tight and miserable" and "no place for women and children", Pell called for investigation of any maltreatment of detainees and said that, while Australia has the right to regulate the number of refugees it accepts, as a rich and prosperous country, it can "afford to be generous" and must treat refugees who reach Australia humanely.[20]
Pell was appointed a delegate to the Australian Constitutional Convention 1998 which considered the issue of Australia becoming a republic. Pell supported change, and called on Australia's political leaders to embrace the republic, noting "Without support from most of the front benches of both sides of the parliament, it would be wasteful to go to a referendum." Towards the end of proceedings, he called on conservatives to support change:[21]
When John Howard departed the office of Prime Minister of Australia following the 2007 Australian federal election, Pell wrote that, along with Bob Hawke, Howard had been the outstanding figure of Australian life since Robert Menzies and that he had brought 11 years of prosperity and "changed Australian life for the better".[22] Pell wrote that Howard "understood that traditional families are the cement which hold society together and he was generally supportive of Christian values". Pell said that Howard went a step too far on industrial relations policy and that the Iraq War did not go well, but that the "biggest blot on his record will remain the treatment of the refugees".[22]
Pell describes himself as "an old Kennedy groupie" – referring to John F. Kennedy, the first Catholic President of the United States of America.[11]
Following the 2008 election of Barack Obama as US President, Pell wrote for The Sunday Telegraph that "Obama is a superb orator with a gift for language and a capacity to inspire loyalty and hope" and that the "importance of a black President for the U.S.A. and the world cannot be underestimated; especially a black President with a Muslim father. No country in Europe could produce such a result."[citation needed] Pell expressed a need for universal health care in the United States, but criticised Obama's support for abortion, saying that he had the "most anti-life voting record of any contemporary senator" which, Pell wrote, "contrasts strongly with his humanitarianism in many other areas". Pell said that Obama would have to move beyond the "radical left" if he wanted to "win over the middle ground in the fight for healing and prosperity".[23] In a 2009 interview with The Catholic Herald, Pell said of Obama, "[H]is record on life issues is very, very bad indeed" and expressed his opposition to the Freedom of Choice Act.[13]
When the Australian Labor Party replaced Kevin Rudd as its leader in 2010 and Julia Gillard became Australian Prime Minister of Australia, Pell wrote that "As leaders Rudd and Opposition leader Tony Abbott are historically unusual by Australian standards because both worship regularly and have publicly acknowledged the huge Christian contribution to Australia. The rise and fall of Kevin Rudd has no parallel nationally. While he talked himself out of his job with his inflated rhetoric, he had many virtues and Australia avoided recession. John Howard was voted out by the Australian public; Rudd's departure will leave a nasty taste in many mouths."[24]
In a 2012 debate on Australian television, Pell said that it was possible for atheists to lead good lives and go to heaven:
when an atheist dies, like everybody else, they will be judged on the extent to which they have moved towards goodness and truth and beauty but in the Christian view, God loves everyone except those who turn his back turn their back on him through evil acts.
In the debate, Pell acknowledged Darwin's explanation of evolution from apes as the probable ancestry of human beings. Darwin, Pell said, had made a great contribution, and rejected assumptions that he was atheist:[14]
Darwin was a theist because he said he couldn’t believe that the immense cosmos and all the beautiful things in the world came about either by chance or out of necessity. He said, “I have to be ranked as a theist.”... It’s on page 92 of his auto biography. Go and have a look.
However, Pell cautioned against applying Darwin's notion of "survival of the fittest" to human societies, saying Hitler and Stalin were the "personification of social Darwinism":[14]
Because it is the struggle for survival, the strong take what they can and the weak give what they must and there is nothing to restrain them and we have seen that in the two great atheist movements of the last century.
Pell aroused criticism from Senator Christine Milne of the Greens political party with the following comment in his 2006 Legatus Summit speech:[25][dead link]
Some of the hysteric and extreme claims about global warming are also a symptom of pagan emptiness, of Western fear when confronted by the immense and basically uncontrollable forces of nature. Belief in a benign God who is master of the universe has a steadying psychological effect, although it is no guarantee of Utopia, no guarantee that the continuing climate and geographic changes will be benign. In the past pagans sacrificed animals and even humans in vain attempts to placate capricious and cruel gods. Today they demand a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions.
In a 2007 article for The Sunday Telegraph, Pell wrote that while climate had changed, he was '"certainly sceptical about extravagant claims of impending man-made climatic catastrophes, because the evidence is insufficient".[26]
Responding to the Anglican bishop and environmentalist George Browning, who told the Anglican Church of Australia's general synod that Pell was out of touch with the Catholic Church as well as with the general community,[27] Pell stated:[28]
Radical environmentalists are more than up to the task of moralising their own agenda and imposing it on people through fear. They don't need church leaders to help them with this, although it is a very effective way of further muting Christian witness. Church leaders in particular should be allergic to nonsense..... I am certainly sceptical about extravagant claims of impending man-made climatic catastrophes. Uncertainties on climate change abound ... my task as a Christian leader is to engage with reality, to contribute to debate on important issues, to open people's minds, and to point out when the emperor is wearing few or no clothes.
Pell has written of a need to "deepen friendship and understanding" with Muslims in the post–11 September environment and has said that though there is a continuing struggle throughout the Muslim world between moderates and men of violence, he believes that, in Australia, "the moderates are in control".[29]
In 2004, speaking to the Acton Institute on the problems of "secular democracy", Pell drew a parallel between Islam and Communism: "Islam may provide in the 21st century, the attraction that communism provided in the 20th, both for those that are alienated and embittered on the one hand and for those who seek order or justice on the other."[30]
In 2006, at the Legatus Summit in Naples, Florida, Pell stated:[25]
Considered strictly on its own terms, Islam is not a tolerant religion and its capacity for far-reaching renovation is severely limited.
However, he added that the human factor of many Muslims being uncomfortable with the violence and harsh intolerance of traditional Islamic practices provides hope for positive change as has occurred in more moderate Muslim nations. He continued by:[25]
....denouncing the blithe encouragement of large scale Islamic migration into Western nations [as] one example of the secular incomprehension of religion [and claimed that Islam has had a] detrimental impact on economic and cultural development at certain times and in certain places...
Pell has participated in many interfaith dialogues and celebrations involving Jewish people. In 2001, he told one such audience at Mandelbaum House that he had come from a strongly pro-Jewish family and of being saddened during his studies of history to find Christian ill-treatment of Jews. Pell spoke of the need to remember the Holocaust and of his visits to Concentration camps and of his support for the right of the state of Israel to exist. He praised the role of Vatican II and of Pope John Paul II in advancing the cause of Christian-Jewish dialogue and co-operation. Pell also spoke in praise of the Jewish psalms as "a body of prayerful literature" unequalled in any other tradition and singled out the Jewish prophets, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel as authors for whom he has a deep love and Elijah as one whom he views as highly significant. Pell called on Christian and Jewish leaders alike to speak together and respectfully listen to each other, saying of the Christian-Jewish relationship:[31]
During the last 30 or 40 years there has been a significant reduction in the amount of Christian anti-Semitism. We thank God for that. To adapt to our circumstances the word of Martin Luther King "we are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly". Our fortunes, as brothers, are inextricably linked.
During a televised 2012 debate with Richard Dawkins, Pell stated that he had "a great admiration for the Jews" and repeatedly condemned Adolf Hitler. During the course of the debate, ABC moderator Tony Jones sought to imply anti-Semitism in Pell's remarks regarding the relative intellectual development of ancient Jewish society with that of great powers like Egypt, as well as in Pell's comment that Germany was punished for its role in the Second World War.[32]
In responding to a series of questions by Jones as to why God would "randomly decide to provide proof of his existence to a small group of Jews 2,000 years ago", Pell said that, while the intellectual life of the ancient Jews was not the equal of the surrounding great powers like Egypt, Persia and Chaldea, "Jesus came not as a philosopher to the elite. He came to the poor and the battlers". Jones cross examined Pell over his use of the word "intellectual" and Pell said (in reference to Biblical times) that "the little Jewish people, they were originally shepherds. They were stuck. They’re still stuck between these great powers."[14]
Referring to events like "The Holocaust, to genocide, to famine", Jones asked why an omnipotent God would permit such events to occur. In response, Pell and Jones had the following exchange:[14]
- Pell: That’s a mighty question. He helped probably through secondary causes for the Jews to escape and continue. It is interesting through these secondary causes probably no people in history have been punished the way the Germans were. It is a terrible mystery.
- Moderator: There would be a very strong argument saying that the Jews of Europe suffered worse than the Germans.
- Pell: Yes, that might be right. Certainly the suffering in both I mean the Jews there was no reason why they should suffer.
Pell's remarks were widely misreported and misinterpreted, leading to a clarification from his office - reported by The Times of Israel as an apology.[33] Pell said that "... my commitment to friendship with the Jewish community, and my esteem for the Jewish faith is a matter of public record, and the last thing I would want to do is give offense to either" and that the Holocaust was "a crime unique in history for the death and suffering it caused and its diabolical attempt to wipe out an entire people."[33][34]
Pell has received much attention for his attitudes to sexuality issues, particularly homosexuality. He has said that "Christian teaching on sexuality is only one part of the Ten Commandments, of the virtues and vices, but it is essential for human wellbeing and especially for the proper flourishing of marriages and families, for the continuity of the human race."[35] Upon becoming Archbishop of Sydney, he stated "Any genuine religion has two important moral tasks; firstly, to present norms and ideals, goals for our striving; and secondly, to offer aids for our weakness, forgiveness and healing for every wrong doer and sinner who repents and seeks forgiveness."[35]
Pell says that, outside exceptional circumstances such as relationships involving physical abuse, it is better for individuals and for society if couples do not divorce, particularly where children are involved.[36]
In 2001, ABC radio's The World Today reported that Pell wanted a return to a divorce system based on the fault of one spouse. Pell told the program that, in an effort to "focus attention on the damage, personal and financial, that unfortunately often follows from divorce" he had prepared a list for public consideration of possible penalties to discourage divorce (particularly where fault by one party was involved); as well as benefits to support couples who stayed together. Other interviewees rejected these proposals: the Law Council's Garry Watts, said that benefits to children would not come and that Pell proposed to "imprison" unhappy parents in dysfunctional marriages. Canon Ray Cleary, director of Anglicare in Victoria, said a punitive response to divorce would be "out of touch with the realities of the modern world".[37]
In 2009, Pell supported the comments made by Pope Benedict XVI in Africa in relation to controlling the spread of AIDS, in which the Pope reiterated the Catholic teaching that the solution to the AIDS epidemic lay not in the distribution of condoms, but in the practice of sexual abstinence and monogamy within marriage. The Pope said that AIDS could not be overcome through the distribution of condoms, which "can even increase the problem". In response to global coverage of these remarks, Pell said that AIDS was "great spiritual and health crisis" and a huge challenge, but that "Condoms are encouraging promiscuity. They are encouraging irresponsibility."[38] Pell told the media.[38]
The idea that you can solve a great spiritual and health crisis like AIDS with a few mechanical contraptions like condoms is ridiculous. If you look at the Philippines you'll see the incidence of AIDS is much lower than it is in Thailand, which is awash with condoms. There are condoms everywhere and the rate of infection is enormous.
The president of the AIDS Council of NSW, Marc Orr, said Pell's comments were "irresponsible" and "contradicted all evidence" that condoms reduced the transmission of HIV:[39] Mike Toole (Burnet Institute) and Rob Moodie (Nossal Institute for Global Health) wrote in The Age that Pell had said a health worker from an African country told him that "people in remote areas are too poor to afford condoms and the ones that are available are often of very poor quality and weren't used effectively". Both professors argue that "this is not an argument against promoting condoms — it is an argument that we need to ensure that good quality condoms are affordable for everyone and are widely distributed with information about how to use them effectively" and concluded "the sexual abstinence message is clearly not working."[40]
In 2010, in Light of the World: The Pope, the Church and the Signs of the Times, a book-length interview by German journalist Peter Seewald, Pope Benedict said that while the church did not consider condoms as a "real or moral solution", there were times where the "intention of reducing the risk of infection" made condom use "a first step" towards a better way. Pell released a statement saying this did not signal a major new shift in Vatican thinking.[41]
As Archbishop of Sydney, Pell has strongly supported the work of Catholic health organisations such as St Vincent's Hospital and the Tree of Hope Centre in caring for those living with HIV/AIDS.[42]
Pell supports research on the therapeutic potential of adult stem cells but opposes embryonic stem cell research on the basis that the church cannot support anything which involves "the destruction of human life at any stage after conception". Under Pell, the Sydney archdiocese has provided funding for adult stem cell research but has actively opposed moves by New South Wales Parliament to liberalise laws pertaining to use of embryonic stem cells.[12][43]
In remarks made at a media conference, in June 2007 on a conscience vote overturning the state ban on therapeutic cloning, Pell said that "Catholic politicians who vote for this legislation must realise that their voting has consequences for their place in the life of the Church". Some members[who?] of parliament condemned Pell's comments, calling them hypocritical and drawing comparisons with comments made earlier in the year by Sheik Hilali.[44][45] Australian Greens MLC Lee Rhiannon referred Pell's remarks to the New South Wales parliamentary privileges committee for allegedly being in "contempt of parliament". Pell described this move as a "clumsy attempt to curb religious freedom and freedom of speech".[46] In September the Committee tabled a report clearing him of this charge and recommending that no further action be taken.[47]
In February 2010 it was reported that Pell "had a heart turn in Rome recently and that he's in hospital there or has been in hospital there". It is thought that Pell was taken to hospital when he first arrived in Rome after he collapsed due to ill health and exhaustion. He was released from hospital the same day and sources close to Pell said that he has been in good health since.[48]
In February 2007 Pell instituted new guidelines when it comes for family members to speak at funerals. He said that, "on not a few occasions, inappropriate remarks glossing over the deceased's proclivities (drinking prowess, romantic conquests etc) or about the Church (attacking its moral teachings) have been made at funeral Masses."[49] Pell's guidelines make it clear that the eulogy must never replace the officiating priest's homily, which should focus on God's compassion and the resurrection of Jesus.
The Roman Catholic Archbishop of Sydney takes the role of Visitor[citation needed] of St John's College, a residential college within the University of Sydney. This is a largely ceremonial role but he can also be called upon to give guidance and resolve internal disputes. Under the direction of the archbishop the college associates itself with the interests of the church and its mission, particularly by the fostering of appropriate academic directions in education, charity, social justice, ethics and the environment.
Pell accepted the invitation to be patron of the Oxford University Newman Society and to deliver their inaugural St Thomas More Lecture on 6 March 2009.[citation needed]
Pell is a regular contributor of articles for the Australian media, including regular columns for Sydney's The Sunday Telegraph newspaper.
In June 2002, Pell was accused of having sexually abused a 12-year-old boy at a Roman Catholic youth camp in 1961 whilst a seminarian. Pell vehemently denied all the accusations and was subsequently exonerated by an inquiry chaired by Justice Alec Southwell.
Pell stood aside,[50] but did not resign, as archbishop as soon as the allegations were made public. The complainant agreed to pursue his allegations through the church's own process for dealing with allegations of sexual misconduct, the National Committee for Professional Standards (NCPS). The subsequent inquiry found that the accusations had not been established.[51] Justice Southwell concluded:[52]
[B]earing in mind the... very long delay, some valid criticism of the complainant's credibility, the lack of corroborative evidence and the sworn denial of the respondent, I find I am not 'satisfied that the complaint has been established'
Doubts about the handling of the accusation arose following the publication by the Australian Herald Sun on 6 October 2002 of details about the accuser, whose anonymity had been preserved in previous media coverage. As relayed by the Zenit news service, "Pell's alleged victim was, it turned out, a career criminal. He had been convicted of drug dealing and involved in illegal gambling, tax evasion and organized crime in a labour union. A commission probing the union devoted a whole chapter of its report to the man's activities. As the inquiry report noted, 'The complainant has been before the court on many occasions, resulting in 39 convictions from about 20 court appearances.'"[53]
- Pell, George (1977) (pamphlet). Bread, stones or fairy floss : religious education today. Melbourne: Australian Catholic Truth Society Publications. pp. 32.
- Pell, George (1979) (pamphlet). Are our secondary schools Catholic?. Melbourne: Australian Catholic Truth Society Publications. pp. 28.
- Pell, George (1982) (microfiche). An evaluation of the goal of moral autonomy in the theory and practice of Lawrence Kohlberg (Thesis). Clayton, Melbourne: Monash University. pp. 247.
- Pell, George; Woods, Mary Helen (1996) (paperback). Issues of Faith and Morals. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. pp. 146. ISBN 0-19-553978-8.
- Pell, George; Centre for Independent Studies (Australia) (1999) (oration). The Inaugural Acton Lecture on Religion and Freedom: Catholicism and the architecture of freedom. St Leonards, Sydney: Centre for Independent Studies. pp. 14. ISBN 1-86432-044-3.
- Pell, George (2004). Livingstone, Tess. ed (paperback). Be not afraid : collected writing. Sydney: Duffy & Snellgrove. pp. 306. ISBN 1-876631-97-X.
- Pell, George (2007). Casey, M. A.. ed (paperback). God and Caesar: Selected Essays on Religion, Politics, and Society. Bacchus Marsh, Victoria: Connor Court Publishing. pp. 189. ISBN 978-0-8132-1503-7.
- Pell, George (2010). Test Everything: Hold Fast to What Is Good.
- Livingstone, Tess (2004). George Pell: Defender of the Faith Down Under (American ed.). San Francisco: Ignatius Press. pp. 491. ISBN 0-89870-984-9.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Our Archbishop – Biography". Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney. http://www.sydney.catholic.org.au/people/archbishop/biography.shtml.
- ^ a b "George Cardinal Pell". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bpell.html.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Miranda, Salvador. "PELL, George". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios-p.htm#Pell.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Livingstone.
- ^ a b c Zwartz, Barney (1 October 2003). "The inexorable rise of George Pell". The Age (Australia). http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/09/30/1064819923402.html. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
- ^ Pell, Cardinal George (10 February 2005). "Newman and the Drama of True and False Conscience". A Zenit Daily Dispatch (Chicago, USA). http://www.ewtn.com/library/BISHOPS/ZPELLNEW.HTM. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
- ^ Kennedy, Jean (20 February 2006). "Pell accused of Catholic 'dictatorship'" (transcript). The World Today (Australia: ABC Radio). http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2006/s1573997.htm. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
- ^ "Catholic encyclopedia: Nomination". Newadvent.org. 2009. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11093a.htm. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
- ^ Palmo, Rocco (4 May 2010). ""The Wizard," Out of Oz". Whispers in the Loggia. http://whispersintheloggia.blogspot.com/2010/05/wizard-out-of-oz.html.
- ^ Zwartz, Barney; O'Grady, Desmond (21 April 2005). "Faith's enforcer offers hand of unity". The Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/news/World/Faiths-enforcer-offers-hand-of-unity/2005/04/20/1113854264674.html. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
- ^ a b Henderson, Gerard (29 October 2007). Cardinal George Pell’s Book God and Caesar (Speech). Sydney, Australia: The Sydney Institute. http://www.thesydneyinstitute.com.au/cardinal-george-pells-book-god-and-caesar/. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
- ^ a b Pell, Cardinal George (10 June 2007). "Question of conscience". The Sunday Telegraph (Australia). http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/opinion/question-of-conscience/story-e6frezz0-1111113712980. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
- ^ a b "Cardinal Pell hopes for mandatory ad orientem worship, says Obama has 'very slight curriculum vitae'". Catholic World News. 20 March 2009. http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=2368.
- ^ a b c d e f "Religion and Atheism" (transcript). Q&A (Australia: ABC TV). 9 April 2012. http://www.abc.net.au/tv/qanda/txt/s3469101.htm. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
- ^ "Cardinal Pell: Ending Celibacy Rule Would Be a Blunder". Opus Bono Sacerdotii. Zenit (Vatican City). 12 October 2005. Archived from the original on 28 June 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060628063909/http://www.opusbono.org/resources/CardinalPellEndingCelibacyRuleWouldBeaBlunder.asp. Retrieved 5 May 2006.
- ^ Pell, Cardinal George (8 March 2009) (YouTube streaming video). Cardinal Pell on SSPX. with Coppen, Luke. The Catholic Herald. Merton College, Oxford. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3Kt2PMa4zY. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
- ^ Pell, Cardinal George (4 May 2008). "Christians at mercy of fanatics". The Sunday Telegraph (Australia). http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/opinion/christians-at-mercy-of-fanatics/story-e6frezz0-1111116236602. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
- ^ Pell, Cardinal George (19 August 2001). "Most Churches in Australia observe next Sunday as Refugee Sunday". Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney. http://www.sydney.catholic.org.au/people/archbishop/stc/2001/2001819_1271.shtml. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
- ^ "Labor rethinks detention stance" (transcript). Lateline (Australia: ABC1). 28 January 2002. http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/stories/s468643.htm. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
- ^ Pell, Cardinal George (16 September 2001) (transcript). George Pell - Catholics Archbishop. Interview with John Cleary. Sunday Nights. ABC Radio. http://www.abc.net.au/sundaynights/stories/s1237720.htm. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
- ^ "Transcript of Proceedings" (PDF). Constitutional Convention: 2nd to 13th February 1998. Old Parliament House, Canberra. 13 February 1998. http://202.14.81.230/hansard/conv/con1302.pdf. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
- ^ a b Pell, Cardinal George (9 December 2007). "Govt steps into big shoes". The Catholic Weekly. http://www.catholicweekly.com.au/article.php?classID=3&subclassID=7&articleID=3845&class=Features&subclass=Cardinal%C3%83%20%20%20%20%20%C2%A2%C3%A2%EF%BF%BD%E2%82%AC%20%C2%AC%C3%A2%E2%80%9E%C2%A2s%20Comment. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
- ^ Pell, Cardinal George (9 November 2008). "History In The Making". Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney. http://www.sydney.catholic.org.au/people/archbishop/stc/2008/2008119_174.shtml. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
- ^ Pell, Cardinal George (27 June 2010). "Christian Churches". Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney. http://www.sydney.catholic.org.au/people/archbishop/stc/2010/2010627_929.shtml. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
- ^ a b c "Islam and Western Democracies". 4 February 2006. http://www.sydney.catholic.org.au/Archbishop/Addresses/200627_681.shtml. [dead link]
- ^ Pell, Cardinal George (28 October 2007). "Jury out on climate change". The Sunday Telegraph (Australia). http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/opinion/jury-out-on-climate-change/story-e6frezz0-1111114738235. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
- ^ Rowbotham, Jill (25 October 2007). "Heat on Pell for cool air on climate change". The Australian. http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,22644133-12339,00.html. Retrieved 7 April 2009.
- ^ Morris, Linda (25 October 2007). "Pell out of touch on climate – bishop". The Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/news/environment/pell-out-of-touch-on-climate--bishop/2007/10/24/1192941153341.html. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
- ^ Pell, Cardinal George (19 September 2010). "Ramadan". Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney. http://www.sydney.catholic.org.au/people/archbishop/stc/2010/2010919_707.shtml. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
- ^ Pell, Cardinal George (12 October 2004) (transcript). Is there only secular democracy? Imagining other possibilities for the third millennium (Speech). Acton Institute Annual Dinner. Grand Rapids, Michigan. Archived from the original on 8 February 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060208065454/http://www.sydney.catholic.org.au/Archbishop/Addresses/20041012_1658.shtml. Retrieved 8 May 2006.
- ^ Pell, Cardinal George (14 May 2001). "Christians & Jews: the way ahead". Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney. http://www.sydneycatholic.org/people/archbishop/addresses/2001/2001514_866.shtml. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
- ^ Frosh, Anthony (10 April 2012). "Cardinal Pell not anti-Semitic but Dawkins is Humourless". Galus Australia. http://galusaustralis.com/2012/04/5840/cardinal-pell-not-anti-semitic-but-dawkins-is-humourless/. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
- ^ a b "Australian cardinal apologizes for ‘problematic’ remarks on Jews". The Times of Israel. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 15 April 2012. http://www.timesofisrael.com/australian-cardinal-apologizes-for-anti-semetic-remarks/. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
- ^ "Australian cardinal apologizes for comments about Jews". JTA News. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 15 April 2012. http://www.jta.org/news/article/2012/04/15/3092806/australian-cardinal-apologizes-for-comments-about-jews. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
- ^ a b Gilchrist, Michael (June 2001). "Archbishop Pell installed in Sydney". AD2000 14 (5): 3. http://www.ad2000.com.au/articles/2001/jun2001p3_455.html. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
- ^ Pell, Cardinal George (22 July 2001). "Family Life Today". Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney. http://www.sydney.catholic.org.au/people/archbishop/stc/2001/2001722_886.shtml. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
- ^ McDonald, Phillipa (21 August 2001). "Catholic Archbishop of Sydney calls for divorce tax". The World Today (ABC Radio) (Australia). http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/stories/s352068.htm. Retrieved 26 April 2009.
- ^ a b Stapleton, John (11 April 2009). "Condoms will not save Africa: Archbishop George Pell". The Australian. http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/condoms-will-not-save-africa-pell/story-e6frg6nf-1225697020673. Retrieved 26 April 2009.
- ^ Tovey, Josephine (11 April 2009). "Pell backs Pope in saying condoms worsen AIDS spread". The Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/world/pell-backs-pope-in-saying-condoms-worsen-aids-spread-20090410-a2u0.html. Retrieved 26 April 2009.
- ^ Toole, Mike; Moodie, Rob (14 April 2009). "The evidence on preventing AIDS is clear". The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/opinion/the-evidence-on-preventing-aids-is-clear-20090413-a4rs.html?page=-1. Retrieved 26 April 2009.
- ^ "Pope's "Light of the World" Interview Sends Media Into Meltdown" (Press release). Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney. 24 November 2010. http://www.sydney.catholic.org.au/news/features/2010/20101124_115.shtml. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
- ^ "Reason for Optimism on World AIDS Day 2010" (Press release). Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney. 30 November 2010. http://www.sydneycatholic.org/news/latest_news/2010/20101130_1402.shtml. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
- ^ "Catholic Church funds stem cell research". 9News. AAP. 17 March 2010. http://news.ninemsn.com.au/technology/1028159/catholic-church-funds-stem-cell-research. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
- ^ "Cardinal Pell sounding like Sheik Hilali, MP says". News.com.au. AAP. 6 June 2007. http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,21859144-2,00.html. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
- ^ "MPs turn attack back on Cardinal Pell". The Sydney Morning Herald. AAP. 6 June 2007. http://www.smh.com.au/news/National/MPs-turn-attack-back-on-Cardinal-Pell/2007/06/06/1181089126575.html.
- ^ "Pell slams "stalinist" parliamentary contempt probe". CatholicNews. 18 June 2007. http://cathnews.acu.edu.au/706/83.php. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
- ^ "Inquiry into comments made by Cardinal George Pell". Privileges Committee of the Legislative Council. Parliament of New South Wales. 19 September 2007. http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/committee.nsf/0/73A134BD8CA52844CA2572FB0014E42B. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
- ^ Vasek, Lanai (5 February 2010). "Cardinal Pell on the road to recovery". The Australian. http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/cardinal-george-pell-on-the-road-to-recovery/story-e6frg6nf-1225826892439. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ Fonseca, Michele (22 August 2002). "Catholic church reeling from sex abuse claims" (transcript). PM (ABC Radio) (Australia). http://www.abc.net.au/pm/stories/s656348.htm. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
- ^ Southwell, The Hon. A.J. (2002). Report Of An Inquiry Into An Allegation Of Sexual Abuse Against Archbishop George Pell.
- ^ Burke, Kelly (15 October 2002). "Exonerated, not forgotten". The Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/10/14/1034561100662.html. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
- ^ "Archbishop Pell: a case study in false accusations". Zenit. 19 October 2002. http://www.zenit.org/article-17284?l=english. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
| Persondata |
| Name |
Pell, George |
| Alternative names |
|
| Short description |
Catholic cardinal |
| Date of birth |
8 June 1941 |
| Place of birth |
Ballarat, Victoria |
| Date of death |
|
| Place of death |
|
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