Yalu River
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese	鴨綠江
Simplified Chinese	鸭绿江
Transcriptions Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin Yālù Jiāng - Wade–Giles Ya-lu Chiang - IPA [jálû tɕjɑ́ŋ] Cantonese (Yue) - Jyutping aap3 luk6 gong1 - IPA [ʔáːplʊ̀kkɔ́ːŋ]
Korean name
Chosŏn'gŭl	압록강
Hancha	鴨綠江
Transcriptions - McCune- Reischauer Amrokkang (S. Amnokkang) - Revised Romanization Amrokgang (S. Amnokgang)
Manchu name
Manchu	Yalu ula (Möllendorf) Manchu script

The Yalu River (also called the Amrok in Korea) is a river on the border between North Korea and China. Together with the Tumen River to its east, and a small portion of Baekdu (Changbai) Mountain, the Yalu forms the border between North Korea and China. The Chinese name "Yalu" literally means "Duck Green", but the characters were chosen to phonetically approximate the original Manchu word "Yalu", which means "the boundary between two countries".^{[citation needed]} The Korean name is the Korean pronunciation of the Chinese characters.

Geography[link]

From 2,500 m above sea level on Changbai Mountain, on the China-North Korea border, the river flows south to Hyesan before sweeping 130 km northwest to Linjiang and then returning to a more southerly route for a further 300 km to empty into the Korea Bay between Dandong (China) and Sinŭiju (North Korea).

The bordering Chinese provinces are Jilin and Liaoning.

The river is 790 km (491 mi) long and receives the water from over 30,000 km² of land. The Yalu's most significant tributaries are the Changjin (장진강, 長津江), Heochun (허천강, 虚川江) and Tokro rivers. The river is not easily navigable for most of its length.^[1]

The depth of the Yalu River varies from some of the more shallow parts on the eastern side in Hyesan (1 metre) to the deeper parts of the river near the Yellow Sea (2.5 metres).^[2]

There are 205 islands on the Yalu. A 1962 border treaty between North Korea and China split the islands according to which ethnic group were living on each island. North Korea possesses 127 and China 78. Due to the division criteria, some islands such as Hwanggumpyong Island belong to North Korea but abut the Chinese bank of the river.

History[link]

The river basin is the site where the ancient kingdom of Goguryeo rose to power. Many former fortresses are located along the river and the former capital of that kingdom was situated at what is now the medium-sized city of Ji'an, China along the Yalu, a site rich in Goguryeo era relics.

Wihwa Island on the river is historically famous for the decision of General Yi Songgye in 1392 to there turn back his army southward to Kaesong in the first of a series of revolts that eventually led to the establishment of the Yi Dynasty.^[3]

The river has been the site of several battles because of its strategic location between Korea and China, including:

• Battle of the Yalu River (1894) – Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895)
• Battle of Yalu River (1904) – Russo-Japanese War

The Korean side of the river was heavily industrialized during Colonial Korea (1910–1945), and by 1945 almost 20% of Imperial Japan's total industrial output originated in Korea. During the Korean War the movement of UN troops approaching the river precipitated massive Chinese intervention from around Dandong. In the course of the conflict every bridge across the river except one was destroyed. The one remaining bridge was the Sino-Korea Friendship Bridge connecting Sinuiju, North Korea to Dandong, China. During the war the valley surrounding the western end of the river also became the focal point of a series of dogfights for air superiority over North Korea, earning the nickname "MiG Alley" in reference to the MiG-15 fighters flown by the combined North Korean, Chinese and Soviet forces.

The river has frequently been crossed by North Koreans fleeing to China since the early 1990s.^{[citation needed]}

Economy[link]

The river is important for hydroelectric power, and one of the largest hydroelectric dams in Asia is in Sup'ung Rodongjagu, 100 m high and over 850 m long, located upstream from Sinuiju, North Korea. The dam has created an artificial lake over a portion of the river, called Sapung Lake. In addition the river is used for transportation, particularly of lumber from its forested banks. The river provides fish for the local population. Further upstream is the Yunfeng Dam.

Crossings[link]

Two bridges crossing the Yalu (Amnokgang) at Sinŭiju and Dandong

• Sino-Korean Friendship Bridge, Dandong, China - Sinŭiju, North Korea
• Ji'an Yalu River Border Railway Bridge, Ji'an China - Manp'o, North Korea

See also[link]

• Geography of China
• Geography of North Korea
• List of China-related topics
• List of Korea-related topics
• List of rivers of Asia
• Chinese–Korean border fence

External links[link]

• Encyclopædia Britannica

References[link]

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