- published: 09 Oct 2012
- views: 198
- author: Keith Ross
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- A256 road
- A299 road
- Academy FM (Thanet)
- Acol, Kent
- Africa
- Ancient Rome
- Andrew Carnegie
- Anglican
- Ashford (borough)
- Ashford, Kent
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A256 road
The A256 is a key road running north-south through East Kent which connects the Thanet towns to Dover.
The road begins in the outskirts of the Thanet town of Broadstairs, at a roundabout with the A255 where it heads westwards through the Westwood Retail Parks via "Westwood Road".
The A256 then passes 2 roundabouts with residential estates on the left before arriving at a couple of smaller roundabouts with exits to the left and right into the various retail parks. Most of these parks were built during the early 2000s. Also in Westwood, the A256 meets a large roundabout with the A254 Margate Road. Here the A256 heads south-westwards, called 'Haine Road', passing Westwood Cross shopping centre on the left (built on the former Haine Hospital site) at a roundabout with Manston Court Road (on the right). The A256 then briefly bypasses the village of Haine, along New Haine Road, constructed in early 2009, which heads southeastwards alongside Westwood Cross shopping centre, before heading southwestwards after another roundabout, and passing The Marlowe Academy. At the next roundabout, with the Euro Kent Business Park situated on the left, the A256 then rejoins its original route along Haine Road.
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A299 road
The A299, better known as the Thanet Way, is a major road in the county of Kent, England, and runs from Brenley Corner near Faversham (where it merges into the M2) to Ramsgate via Whitstable and Herne Bay. It is predominantly used for freight traffic to Ramsgate Harbour and local traffic to Thanet.
Most of the A299 was constructed in the 1930s as an unemployment relief project. Prior to this, all traffic from the west to the Isle of Thanet had to go via Canterbury.
The A299 was upgraded in the 1990s to dual carriageway for almost its entire length. Whitstable and Herne Bay were bypassed, with the old road becoming the A2990, and the A299 to the west of Whitstable and east of Herne Bay received an online upgrade.
The A299 used to end near Monkton, where the A253 once continued to Ramsgate. This section of road has become the A299 direct to Ramsgate Harbour, passing Kent International Airport on the way. The section from Minster roundabout to the Lord of the Manor roundabout remains a single-carriageway, but is planned to be diverted on to a new dual carriageway current being constructed as part of East Kent access phase 2.
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Acol, Kent
Coordinates: 51°21′35″N 1°18′34″E / 51.3597°N 1.3094°E / 51.3597; 1.3094
Acol (formerly Acholt) is a hamlet and civil parish about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south of Birchington in Kent, England. It is one of the smallest communities in Kent, and over the years large parts of the parish have been transferred to other neighbouring communities. Acol is close to the Western end of the runway at Manston Airport.
A village called Acholt was recorded at Sparrow Castle, or Kemp's Corner - the Junction between Shottenden Road (B2049), and Manston Road (B2050), in 1270. The name derives from the Old English, ac meaning oak and holt meaning wood. This indicates the original proximity of the village to a small area of oak trees. Most of the inhabitants perished at the start of the Black Death in 1347, and when the village was burnt down to stop contamination, the decision was made to move the settlement to its current position. The new village's first name was Millbrough, and then variously Ville in the Oaks, Ville in the Woods or Ville of Woods. Later the name became Acoll and finally Acol.[citation needed]
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Ashford (borough)
The Borough of Ashford is a local government district and borough in Kent, England. Its council is based in the town of Ashford.
The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the borough of Tenterden with Ashford urban district, and the East Ashford, West Ashford and Tenterden Rural Districts. In size it is the largest council in Kent.
Although a large part of the Borough is still mainly rural, that around Ashford is undergoing a complete change, since it is fast becoming an industrial and commercial centre. The corridor caused by the M20 motorway and High Speed 1 and its railway station have led to much hitherto agricultural land being turned to other uses.
In 1801, the population of Ashford and Willesborough was 2,600; in 1861 this had more than tripled to 8,800; by 1901 12,808 and in 1961 the figure was 28,000. The census, for the wider Borough of Ashford, in 1991 showed the total number of persons as 92,331 and by 2001 it had risen to 102,661. Kent County Council's mid year estimated population, for 2004 is 107,700 showing substantial continued growth in the size of the town, the most growth in Kent. The County Council's population forecasts for 2011 and 2016 are 119,600 and 129,000 giving an increase of 25.2% since 2001. Ashford Borough Council predicts that the growth will continue to rise to 141,100 by the year 2021.
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Ashford, Kent
Coordinates: 51°08′47″N 0°52′03″E / 51.1465°N 0.8676°E / 51.1465; 0.8676
Ashford is a town in the borough of Ashford in Kent, England. In 2005 it was voted the fourth-best place to live in the United Kingdom. It lies on the Great Stour river, the M20 motorway, and the South Eastern Main Line and High Speed 1 railways. Its agricultural market is one of the most important in the county. Ashford is a relatively common English placename: it goes back to Old English æscet, indicating a ford near a clump of ash-trees.
The motto of Ashford Borough Council is "With stronger faith", taken from, To Lucasta, Going to the Warres, a poem by the 17th century poet Richard Lovelace from the borough, the relevant verse being
As a market town, Ashford has for centuries been a local communications hub for surrounding villages and has stood at the centre of five railway lines, (Ashford to Ramsgate (via Canterbury West) line, Swanley to Ashford (via Maidstone East) Line, South Eastern Main Line, Kent Coast Line and the Marshlink Line) since the 19th century. With the opening of the international passenger station is now an important European communications centre, with new lines running between London and the Channel Tunnel (via High Speed 1).
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Belfast
Coordinates: 54°35′49″N 5°55′48″W / 54.597°N 5.930°W / 54.597; -5.930
Belfast (from Irish: Béal Feirste, meaning "mouth of the shoal") is the capital of and largest city in Northern Ireland. By population, it is the fourteenth largest city in the United Kingdom and second largest on the island of Ireland. It is the seat of the devolved government and legislative Northern Ireland Assembly. The city of Belfast has a population of 267,500 and lies at the heart of the Belfast urban area, which has a population of 579,276. The Larger Urban Zone, as defined by the European Union, has a total population 641,638. Belfast was granted city status in 1888.
Historically, Belfast has been a centre for the Irish linen industry (earning the nickname "Linenopolis"), tobacco production, rope-making and shipbuilding: the city's main shipbuilders, Harland and Wolff, which built the well-known RMS Titanic, propelled Belfast on to the global stage in the early 20th century as the biggest and most productive shipyard in the world. Belfast played a key role in the Industrial Revolution, establishing its place as a global industrial centre until the latter half of the 20th century. Industrialisation and the inward migration it brought made Belfast, if briefly, the biggest city in Ireland at the turn of the 20th century and the city's industrial and economic success was cited by Ulster unionist opponents of Home Rule as a reason why Ireland should shun devolution and later why Ulster in particular would fight to resist it.
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Belgium
Belgium (
i/ˈbɛldʒəm/ BEL-jəm), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of 30,528 square kilometres (11,787 sq mi), and it has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups, the Dutch-speakers, mostly Flemish (about 60%), and the French-speakers, mostly Walloons (about 40%), plus a small group of German-speakers. Belgium's two largest regions are the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia. The Brussels-Capital Region, officially bilingual, is a mostly French-speaking enclave within the Flemish Region. A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in the political history and a complex system of government.
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Birchington-on-Sea
Coordinates: 51°22′37″N 1°18′18″E / 51.377°N 1.3050°E / 51.377; 1.3050
Birchington-on-Sea is a village in northeast Kent, England, with a population of around 9,800. It is part of the Thanet district and forms the civil parish of Birchington. It lies on the coast facing the North Sea, east of the Thames Estuary, between the seaside resorts of Herne Bay and Margate.
As a seaside resort, the village is a notable tourist and retirement destination. The village's Minnis Bay is a family beach with attractions such as sailing, windsurfing, a paddling pool and coastal walking routes. Its three smaller beaches are surrounded by chalk cliffs, cliff stacks and caves.
The village was first recorded in 1240. Its parish church, All Saints', dates to the 13th century and its churchyard is the burial place of the 19th century Pre-Raphaelite artist, Dante Gabriel Rossetti. Quex Park, a local 19th century manor house, is home to the Powell Cotton Museum and a twelve-bell tower built for change ringing. The museum contains a large collection of stuffed exotic animals collected by Major Powell-Cotton on his travels in Africa, and also houses artifacts unearthed in and around Birchington by his daughter, Antoinette Powell-Cotton, a keen archeologist.
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Broadstairs
Coordinates: 51°21′32″N 1°26′22″E / 51.35888°N 1.43944°E / 51.35888; 1.43944
Broadstairs is a coastal town on the Isle of Thanet in the Thanet district of east Kent, England, about 80 miles (130 km) south-east of London. It is part of the civil parish of Broadstairs and St Peter's, which includes St. Peter's and had a population in 2001 of about 24,000. Situated between Margate and Ramsgate, Broadstairs is one of Thanet's seaside resorts, known as the "Jewel in Thanet's crown". The town's crest motto is Stella Maris ("Star of the Sea"). The name derives from a former flight of steps in the chalk cliff, which led from the sands up to the 11th-century shrine of St Mary on the cliff's summit.
The town spreads from Haine Road in the west to Kingsgate in the north (named after the landing of King Charles II in 1683) and to Dumpton in the south (named after the yeoman Dudeman who farmed there in the 13th century). The hamlet of Reading (formerly Reden or Redyng) Street was established by Flemish refugees in the 17th century.
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Brooks End
Coordinates: 51°21′49″N 1°17′36″E / 51.363640°N 1.293340°E / 51.363640; 1.293340
Brooks End is a hamlet assimilated with Birchington, in Kent, England, and 1 mile (2 km) southwest of the village's centre. It is in the Thanet local government district and is located on the A28 road to Canterbury. The hamlet is located on the area once under the sea at the Wantsum Channel, and is probably named after one of the numerous brooks covering the area. Nearby is Great Brooksend Farm.
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Canterbury
Coordinates: 51°16′30″N 1°05′13″E / 51.275°N 1.087°E / 51.275; 1.087
Canterbury (i/ˈkæntərbᵊri/ or /ˈkæntərbɛri/) is a historic English cathedral city, which lies at the heart of the City of Canterbury, a district of Kent in South East England. It lies on the River Stour.
Originally a Brythonic settlement, it was renamed Durovernum Cantiacorum by the Roman conquerors in the 1st century AD. After it became the chief Jutish settlement, it gained its English name Canterbury, itself derived from the Old English Cantwareburh ("Kent people's stronghold"). After the Kingdom of Kent's conversion to Christianity in 597, St Augustine founded an episcopal see in the city and became the first Archbishop of Canterbury, a position that now heads the Church of England and the worldwide Anglican Communion (though the modern-day Province of Canterbury covers the entire south of England). Thomas Becket's murder at Canterbury Cathedral in 1170 led to the cathedral becoming a place of pilgrimage for Christians worldwide. This pilgrimage provided the theme for Geoffrey Chaucer's 14th-century literary classic The Canterbury Tales. The literary heritage continued with the birth of the playwright Christopher Marlowe in the city in the 16th century.
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Chatham, Kent
Coordinates: 51°21′40″N 0°32′10″E / 51.3610°N 0.5362°E / 51.3610; 0.5362
Chatham (
/ˈtʃætəm/ CHAT-əm) is one of the Medway towns located within the Medway unitary authority, in North Kent, in South East England.
Although the dockyard has long been closed and is now being redeveloped into a business and residential community as well as a museum featuring the famous submarine, HMS Ocelot, major naval buildings remain as the focus for a flourishing tourist industry. Chatham also has military connections; several Army barracks were located here, together with 19th-century forts which provided a defensive shield for the dockyard. Brompton Barracks, located in the town, remains the headquarters of the Corps of Royal Engineers.
The town has important road links and the railway and bus stations are the main interchanges for the area. It is the administrative headquarters of Medway unitary authority, as well as its principal shopping centre.
The name Chatham was first recorded as Cetham in 880. The Domesday Book records the place as Ceteham. Most books explain this name as a British root ceto (like Welsh coed) plus Old English ham, thus meaning a forest settlement. However, the river-valley situation of Chatham is more consistent with cet being an Old English survival of the element catu that was common in Roman-era names and meant 'basin' or 'valley'.
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Cliffsend
Coordinates: 51°19′44″N 1°21′57″E / 51.328970°N 1.365910°E / 51.328970; 1.365910
Cliffsend is a village and civil parish situated almost 2 miles (3 km) west of Ramsgate, Kent, United Kingdom, in the Thanet local government district.
Hengist and Horsa landed near here in 410AD, and St Augustine in 597.
Pegwell Bay Country Park is located here. Also on permanent display on the cliff top at Pegwell Bay is a replica of the Viking ship Hugin, which sailed from Denmark to Thanet in 1949 to celebrate the 1500th anniversary of the invasion of Britain, the traditional landing of the two men, and the betrothal of Hengist's daughter, Rowena, to King Vortigen of Kent. The Hugin was offered as a gift to Ramsgate and Broadstairs by the Daily Mail for preservation.
The village has one petrol station on its south-side, on the A256, currently run by Jet. The station also acts as a local convenience store. The A256 was once one of the main roads in and out of the Thanet District, of which Cliffsend is part; however, the opening of the new 'East Kent Access Road' will hail the end of this use of the road. The new East Kent Access Road cuts through the village via a multi-million pound tunnel.
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Cliftonville
Coordinates: 51°23′17″N 1°24′17″E / 51.3881°N 1.4046°E / 51.3881; 1.4046
Cliftonville is a coastal area of the town of Margate, situated to the east of the main town, in the Thanet district of Kent, South East England, United Kingdom. It also contains the area known as Palm Bay.
The original Palm Bay estate was built in the 1930s as a number of large, wide avenues with detached and semi-detached houses with driveways, garages and gardens . This land was sold by Mr Sidney Simon Van Den Bergh to the Palm Bay Estate Co on 23 June 1924. Such avenues include Gloucester Avenue and Leicester Avenue.
The estate covers the eastern part of Cliftonville and was fields when the first was built. It extends east beyond Northumberland Avenue and has been developed in phases. An earlier phase covered the northern ends of Leicester and Gloucester Avenues and the whole of Clarence and Magnolia Avenues; the later phase extending eastwards of Princess Margaret Avenue is a Wimpy-style housing estate with small houses largely identical in appearance and of less substantial build quality than the original 1930s estate.
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Cranbrook, Kent
Coordinates: 51°06′03″N 0°32′04″E / 51.1007°N 0.5345°E / 51.1007; 0.5345
Cranbrook is a small town in Kent in South East England which was granted a charter in 1290 by Archbishop Peckham, allowing it to hold a market in the high street. Located on the Maidstone to Hastings road, it is five miles north of Hawkhurst. The smaller settlements of Swattenden, Colliers Green and Hartley lie within the parish. Baker's Cross is on the outskirts of the town.
The place name Cranbrook derives from Old English cran broc, meaning Crane Marsh, marshy ground frequented by cranes (although more probably herons). Spelling of the place name has evolved over the centuries from Cranebroca (c. 1100); by 1226 it was recorded as Cranebroc, then Cranebrok. By 1610 the name had become Cranbrooke, which evolved into the current spelling.
In medieval times, Cranbrook was a centre of the Wealden cloth industry; and iron-making was carried on at Bedgebury on the River Teise. The church here was dedicated to St Dunstan. Called the "Cathedral of the Weald", its 74 feet-high tower, completed in 1425, has a wooden figure of Father Time and his scythe on the south face. It also contains the prototype for the Big Ben clock in London.
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Dartford
Coordinates: 51°27′50″N 0°15′14″E / 51.464°N 0.254°E / 51.464; 0.254
Dartford is the principal town in the borough of Dartford. It is situated in the northwest corner of Kent, England, 16 miles (26 km) east south-east of central London.
The town centre is situated in a valley through which the River Darent flows, and where the old road from London to Dover crossed: hence the name, from Darent + ford. Dartford became a market town in medieval times and, although today it is principally a commuter town for Greater London, it has a long history of religious, industrial and cultural importance. It is an important rail hub; the main through-road now avoids the town itself.
In prehistory, the first people appeared in the Dartford area around 250,000 years ago: a tribe of prehistoric hunter-gatherers whose exemplar is called Swanscombe Man. Many other archaeological investigations have revealed a good picture of occupation of the district with important finds from the Stone Age, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age.
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Dartford (borough)
The Borough of Dartford is a local government district and borough in north west Kent, England, which takes its name from its administrative capital. It borders Thurrock, to the north across the River Thames; to the west lies the London Borough of Bexley; to the south Sevenoaks district; and the borough of Gravesham to the east. The population of the borough recorded in the 2001 census was 85,911.
The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the Municipal Borough of Dartford, Swanscombe Urban District, and part of Dartford Rural District. In the mid-1990s review of local government in Kent, consideration was given to merging the borough with that of adjoining Gravesham to form a new unitary authority. However the proposal proved unpopular amongst residents, and the two borough councils kept their identities.
Since 2010, Dartford's MP is Gareth Johnson (Conservative) who replaced the outgoing Howard Stoate (Labour). The Mayor for the year May 2010 to May 2011 is Councillor Pat Coleman. The Leader of the Council, from February 2006, is Councillor Jeremy Kite (Conservative). Councillors represent the following seventeen wards, as amended in 2001:
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Deal, Kent
Coordinates: 51°13′21″N 1°24′02″E / 51.2226°N 1.4006°E / 51.2226; 1.4006
Deal is a town in Kent, England, UK. It lies on the English Channel eight miles north-east of Dover and eight miles south of Ramsgate. It is a former fishing, mining and garrison town. Closely associated with Deal are the villages of Kingsdown, Sholden and Walmer, the latter being where Julius Caesar first arrived in Britain (according to the best guess by historians).
Deal was named as a 'limb port' of the Cinque Ports in 1278. Due to its position on the Downs, the town grew to become for a while the busiest port in England; today it enjoys the reputation of being a quiet seaside resort, its quaint streets and houses the only reminder of its fascinating history. The coast of France is approximately twenty-five miles from the town, and is visible on clear days.
Its finest building is the Tudor Deal Castle, commissioned by King Henry VIII and designed with an attractive rose floor plan.
The proximity of Deal's shoreline to the notorious Goodwin Sands has made its coastal waters a source of both shelter and danger through the history of sea travel in British waters. The Downs, the water between the town and the sands, provides a naturally sheltered anchorage. This allowed the town to become a significant shipping and military port in past centuries despite the absence of a harbour, with transit of goods and people from ship to shore conducted using smaller tender craft. Deal was, for example, visited by Nelson and was the first English soil on which James Cook set foot in 1771 on returning from first voyage to Australia. The anchorage is still used today by international and regional shipping, though on a scale far smaller than at other times in the past (some historical accounts report hundreds of ships being visible from the beach).
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Denmark
The Kingdom of Denmark (Danish: Kongeriget Danmark, pronounced [ˈkɔŋəʁiːəð ˈdanmɑɡ̊] (
listen)) is a constitutional monarchy and sovereign state consisting the country of Denmark in northern Europe and two autonomous constituent countries, the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic and Greenland in North America. The kingdom is a unitary state with some power being devolved from Denmark proper to Greenland and the Faroe Islands; this polity is referred to as the Danish Realm. Denmark proper is the hegemonial area, where judicial, executive, and legislative power resides. The Faroe Islands are defined to be a community of people within the kingdom, and the Greenlandic people are defined as a separate people with the right to self-determination.
Denmark is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, located southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland and many islands, most notably Zealand, Funen, Lolland, Falster and Bornholm, as well as hundreds of minor islands often referred to as the Danish Archipelago.
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Dover
Coordinates: 51°07′46″N 1°18′32″E / 51.1295°N 1.3089°E / 51.1295; 1.3089
Dover ( /ˈdoʊvər/; French: Douvres) is a town and major ferry port in the home county of Kent, in South East England. It faces France across the narrowest part of the English Channel, and lies south-east of Canterbury; east of Kent's administrative capital Maidstone; and north-east along the coastline from Dungeness and Hastings. The town is the administrative centre of the Dover District and home of the Dover Calais ferry through the Port of Dover. The surrounding chalk cliffs have become known as the White Cliffs of Dover, and the narrow sea passage nearby – the Strait of Dover. Its strategic position has been evident throughout its history: archaeological finds have revealed that the area has always been a focus for peoples entering and leaving Britain. The name of the town derives from the name of the river that flows through River Dour. The town has been inhabited since the Stone Age according to archeological finds, and Dover is one of only a few places in Britain – London and Cornwall being other examples – to have a corresponding name in the French language, Douvres.
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Dover (district)
Dover is a local government district in Kent, England. Dover is its administrative centre. It was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the boroughs of Deal, Dover, and Sandwich along with Dover Rural District and most of Eastry Rural District. There are three towns within the district: Dover, Deal and Sandwich; and the parishes below:
The northern boundary of the district is the River Stour; on its eastern side is the district of Canterbury; to the south the parish of Capel-le-Ferne; and to the east the Straits of Dover. The southern part of the latter is the point where the North Downs meets the sea, at the so-called ‘White cliffs of Dover’. Further north along the coast, from Deal onwards, the land is at sea level, where the River Stour enters the sea by a circuitous route. It is here, on the sand-dunes, that the Royal St George's Golf Club, founded in 1887, and of international repute, is situated.
In the district are industrial remains of the erstwhile Kent coalfield, situated around Tilmanstone and Betteshanger. Technically speaking, half of the underwater section of the Channel Tunnel is under British Sovereignty and thus part of the district.
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Ebbsfleet, Thanet
Coordinates: 51°18′54″N 1°21′00″E / 51.315°N 1.350°E / 51.315; 1.350
Ebbsfleet is a hamlet near Ramsgate, Kent, at the head of Pegwell Bay. Historically it was a peninsula on the south coast of the Isle of Thanet, marking the eastern end of the Wantsum Channel that separated Thanet from the rest of Kent.
As Pegwell Bay was a natural harbour on the English coast nearest continental Europe, Ebbsfleet has traditionally been linked to arrivals from Europe. It is associated with the landings of the Saxons/Jutes Hengist and Horsa in 449, the Battle of Wippedesfleot between the Britons and "Saxons" in 465, and the reintroduction of Christianity with Augustine of Canterbury in 597.
Ebbsfleet Lane marks the line of the peninsula today. The Wantsum Channel silted up and was reclaimed in the 15th century; all that remains of it is the channel of the River Stour, which enters the sea by Richborough power station. There are a couple of houses and Ebbsfleet House at Stonelees, where Ebbsfleet Lane meets the Sandwich road, and Ebbsfleet Farm on the hill behind.
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Edenbridge, Kent
Coordinates: 51°11′57″N 0°04′09″E / 51.1993°N 0.0691°E / 51.1993; 0.0691
Edenbridge is a town and civil parish in the Sevenoaks district of Kent, England. The town's name derives from Old English language "Eadhelmsbrigge" ("Eadhelm's Bridge" in Modern English). It is located on the Kent/Surrey border on the upper floodplain of the River Medway and gives its name to the latter's tributary, the River Eden. Edenbridge has a population of around 8,000.
The old part of the town grew along a section of the otherwise disused Roman road, the London to Lewes Way at the point where it crossed the river. Iron slag from iron smelting in the surrounding area was used in building the road. In the Middle Ages, it became a centre of the Wealden iron industry. There are many mediaeval timber buildings in the town, one of which houses the Eden Valley Museum.
With the coming of the railways the town expanded and the community of Marlpit Hill, north of the original settlement, is now part of the town.
Edenbridge has had four mills over the centuries, Haxted Mill and Honour's Mill on the River Eden, Christmas Mill on a tributary of the Eden, and a windmill to the south of the town. All four mill buildings survive, but now converted to other uses.
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Edinburgh
Edinburgh (i/ˈɛdɪnbʌrə/ ED-in-burr-ə; Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Èideann) is the capital city of Scotland and the seat of the Scottish Parliament. It is the second largest city in Scotland and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom. The City of Edinburgh Council governs one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas. The council area includes urban Edinburgh and a 30 square miles (78 km2) rural area. Located in the south-east of Scotland, Edinburgh lies on the east coast of the Central Belt, along the Firth of Forth, near the North Sea.
The city was one of the historical major centres of the Enlightenment, led by the University of Edinburgh, helping to earn it the nickname Athens of the North. The Old Town and New Town districts of Edinburgh were listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995 in recognition of the unique character of the Medieval Old Town and the planned Georgian New Town. It covers both the Old and New Towns together with the Dean Village and the Calton Hill areas. There are over 4,500 listed buildings within the city. In May 2010, it had a total of 40 conservation areas covering 23% of the building stock and 23% of the population, the highest such ratios of any major city in the UK. In the 2011 mid-year population estimates, Edinburgh had a total resident population of 495,360.
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England
Englandi/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
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Faversham
Coordinates: 51°19′04″N 0°53′34″E / 51.3177°N 0.8928°E / 51.3177; 0.8928
Faversham ( /ˈfævərʃəm/) is a market town and civil parish in the Swale borough of Kent, England. The parish of Faversham (Feversham) grew up around an ancient sea port on Faversham Creek and was the birthplace of the explosives industry in England.
Faversham, established as a settlement before the Roman conquest[citation needed] was held in royal demesne in 811, and is further cited in a charter granted by Kenulf, the King of Mercia. It was recorded in the Domesday Book as Favreshant. The town has regularly throughout its history obtained curious royal privileges and charters[citation needed]
In 1148 Faversham Abbey was established in Faversham by King Stephen who with his consort Matilda of Boulogne, and his son, Eustace, the Earl of Boulogne was buried there. During Stephen's reign, Faversham was a very important settlement and even became the capital of England for a short period[citation needed] King John tried to give the church to Simon of Wells in 1201, but the church was owned by the monks of St Augustine's Abbey at Canterbury, who appealed to Rome and kept Simon from receiving the church. Sir Thomas Culpeper was granted Faversham Abbey by Henry VIII of England during the Dissolution of the Monasteries about 1536. The abbey was demolished directly after the dissolution and much of its masonry taken to Calais to reinforce that town's defences against French interests. In 1539, the ground upon which the abbey had stood, along with nearby land, passed to Sir Thomas Cheney, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports.
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Flete
Coordinates: 51°21′51″N 1°22′13″E / 51.364060°N 1.370370°E / 51.364060; 1.370370
For the country house in Devon, see Flete House
Flete is a village in the suburbs of Margate in Kent, United Kingdom, and is situated 3 km southwest of the town's centre. It is in the Thanet local government district.
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Folkestone
Coordinates: 51°04′52″N 1°09′58″E / 51.081°N 1.166°E / 51.081; 1.166
Folkestone ( /ˈfoʊkstən/) is the principal town in the Shepway District of Kent, England. Its original site was in a valley in the sea cliffs and it developed through fishing and its closeness to the Continent as a landing place and trading port. The coming of the railways, the building of a ferry port, and its growing importance as a seaside resort all contributed to its growth. Folkestone has the only sandy beach and coastal park within an hour of north London by High Speed Train.
A Norman knight held a Barony of Folkestone, by which time the settlement had become a fishing village[citation needed]. That led to its entry as a part of the Cinque Ports in the thirteenth century and with that the privilege of being a wealthy trading port. At the start of the Tudor period it had become a town in its own right. Wars with France meant that defences had to be built here and soon plans for a Folkestone Harbour began. Folkestone, like most settlements on the south coast, became involved in smuggling during the eighteenth century[citation needed]. At the beginning of the 1800s a harbour was developed, but it was the coming of the railways in 1843 that would have the bigger impact. With it came the tourist trade, and the two industries contributed to its prosperity until changes in tourist opportunities in the mid twentieth century hollowed out its economy[citation needed].
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France
France (Englishi/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] ( listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
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Garlinge
Coordinates: 51°22′41″N 1°21′24″E / 51.378050°N 1.356590°E / 51.378050; 1.356590
Garlinge is a village in the suburbs of Margate in Kent, United Kingdom, situated 2 km southwest of the centre of the town. It is in the Thanet local government district. There is a small selection of shops in the village, such as a bakery, newsagents, barbers and also a petrol station. There are also two car workshops.
As of the 2001 UK census, the Garlinge electoral ward had a population of 4,858. The ethnicity was 98.8% white, 0.6% mixed race, 0.3% Asian, 0.1% black and 0.2% other. The place of birth of residents was 96.6% United Kingdom, 0.6% Republic of Ireland, 1.1% other Western European countries, and 1.7% elsewhere. Religion was recorded as 76.3% Christian, 0.2% Buddhist, 0% Hindu, 0.1% Sikh, 0.3% Jewish, and 0.1% Muslim. 13.8% were recorded as having no religion, 0.2% had an alternative religion and 9.1% did not state their religion.
The economic activity of residents aged 16–74 was 34.5% in full-time employment, 13.5% in part-time employment, 8.4% self-employed, 3.9% unemployed, 2.8% students with jobs, 3.6% students without jobs, 16.7% retired, 8.4% looking after home or family, 5.7% permanently sick or disabled and 2.6% economically inactive for other reasons. The industry of employment of residents was 15.9% retail, 13.7% manufacturing, 9.9% construction, 9.5% real estate, 14.3% health and social work, 9.3% education, 7.9% transport and communications, 4.7% public administration, 4.6% hotels and restaurants, 2.2% finance, 1.6% agriculture and 6.4% other. Compared with national figures, the ward had a relatively high proportion of workers in construction, education, and health and social work. There were a relatively low proportion in real estate and finance. Of the ward's residents aged 16–74, 9.3% had a higher education qualification or the equivalent, compared with 19.9% nationwide.
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Germany
Germany (i/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ( listen)), is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since. Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.
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Gillingham, Kent
Coordinates: 51°22′45″N 0°32′59″E / 51.3792°N 0.5498°E / 51.3792; 0.5498
Gillinghami/ˈdʒɪlɪŋəm/ is a town in the unitary authority of Medway in South East England. It is part of the ceremonial county of Kent. The town includes the settlements of Brompton, Hempstead, Wigmore, Parkwood ,Rainham, Rainham Mark and Twydall.
Gillingham means a homestead of Gylla's family, from Old English ham (village, homestead) and ingas (family, followers), and was first recorded in 10th century as Gyllingeham.
Also referred to in old texts as Jillyingham Water, hence the pronunciation being Gillingham (the G sounds as a "J" as in the girls' name Jill).
Gillingham became an urban district under the Local Government Act 1894, gaining municipal borough status in 1903. John Robert Featherby was the first mayor of the Borough of Gillingham. In 1928 Rainham was added to the Gillingham Borough. Under the Local Government Act 1972 it became a non-metropolitan district. It merged with the other Medway towns (in the City of Rochester-upon-Medway district) in 1998 under the 1990s UK local government reform, to become part of the Medway unitary authority.
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Goodwin Sands
Coordinates: 51°16′25″N 1°30′30″E / 51.27361°N 1.50833°E / 51.27361; 1.50833
The Goodwin Sands is a 10-mile-long sand bank in the English Channel, lying six miles east off Deal in Kent, England. The Brake Bank lying shorewards is part of the same geological unit. As the shoals lie close to major shipping channels, more than 2,000 ships are believed to have been wrecked upon it, and as a result it is marked by lightvessels and buoys. Notable shipwrecks include the VOC ship Rooswijk, HMS Stirling Castle, the SS Montrose, and the South Goodwin Lightship. Several naval battles have been fought nearby, including the Battle of Goodwin Sands in 1652 and the Battle of Dover Strait in 1917.
There is currently a lightship on the end of the sands, on the farthest part out, to warn ships. The sands were once covered by two lighthouses on the Kent mainland, one each at the north and south ends of the sands. The southern lighthouse is now owned by the National Trust, and the northern one is still in operation.
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Gravesend, Kent
Coordinates: 51°26′29″N 0°22′07″E / 51.4415°N 0.3685°E / 51.4415; 0.3685
Gravesend is a town in northwest Kent, England, on the south bank of the Thames, opposite Tilbury in Essex. It is the administrative town of the Borough of Gravesham and, because of its geographical position, has always had an important role to play in the history and communications of this part of England. It still retains today a strong link with the river. The opening of the Eurostar railway station at Ebbsfleet, the arrival of the High Speed service at Gravesend station itself and the fact that it lies within the Thames Gateway, add to the town's importance.
The town was recorded as Gravesham in the Domesday Book in 1086 as belonging to Odo, Bishop of Bayeux: the name probably derived from "graaf-ham": the home of the Reeve, or Bailiff, of the Lord of the Manor. Another theory suggests that the name Gravesham may be a corruption of the words grafs-ham – a place "at the end of the grove". Frank Carr asserts that the name derives from the Saxon Gerevesend, the end of the authority of the Portreve, (originally Portgereve), the officer in charge of the town. The Domesday spelling is the only historical record; all other spellings – in the later (c1100) Domesday Monarchorum and in Textus Roffensis the town is Gravesend/Gravesende. Gravesham has however been adopted for the 1974 Borough title. Some of the locals believe, erroneously, that the name was born when the bodies of those who died from the plague in London were buried in the town in attempts to put an end to it. Hence the name Graves-end. This is clearly not the case as the plague was in 1665 – a full 500 years after the name Gravesend/Gravesende was referred to (see above).
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Gravesham
Gravesham ( /ˈɡreɪvʃəm/ GRAYV-shəm) is a local government district and borough in North West Kent, England. It has borders with Thurrock across the River Thames to the north; the former city of Rochester and Medway to the east; the borough of Tonbridge and Malling (to the south); and the boroughs of Sevenoaks and Dartford to the west.
Its council is based at the Town Hall in Gravesend, and the borough shares similar borders with the Gravesham constituency. As well as the parishes listed below, the area of the former urban district of Northfleet was also included in the borough when it was formed in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. It is the successor to the Gravesend Municipal Borough, Northfleet Urban District, and part of Strood Rural District. Gravesham is twinned with Cambrai.
Robert H Hiscock, Chairman of the Gravesend Historical Society, in the foreword to his book, 'A History of Gravesend' (Phillimore, 1976) wrote:
Gravesham Borough Council is elected every four years, with currently 44 councillors being elected at each election. From the first election in 1973 the council has alternated between Labour and Conservative control. Since 1995 Labour has controlled the council apart from 4 years between the 2007 and 2011 elections. As of the 2011 election the council is composed of the following councillors:-
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Greenhithe
Coordinates: 51°27′01″N 0°16′56″E / 51.4504°N 0.2823°E / 51.4504; 0.2823
Greenhithe is a town in Dartford District of Kent, England. It forms part of the civil parish of Swanscombe and Greenhithe.
Greenhithe is located where it was possible to build wharves for transshipping corn, wood and other commodities; its largest cargoes were of chalk and lime which were needed for agricultural purposes. This led in turn to the development of the cement industry at nearby Swanscombe, although Greenhithe itself enjoyed a brief period of popularity during Victorian times as a tourist resort; Greenhithe Pier was built in 1842 but does not survive.
The history of Greenhithe owes a great deal to its situation between the River Thames and Watling Street (the London, Dover Road) and it being a suitable landing place for ships. In Roman times known as Gretenrsce, and by 1363 Grenehuth, it appears in the 1778 'History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent' : "Here there are several wharves for the landing and shipping of corn, wood, and other commodities, but the greatest traffic arises from the chalk and lime, from the chalk pits, the range of which continues with small intermission from Stone to Gravesend, within a very short distance of the shore. Hence not only the City of London, but the adjacent counties, and even those of Suffolk and Norfolk are supplied with this commodity".
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Herne Bay, Kent
Coordinates: 51°22′14″N 1°07′37″E / 51.3706°N 1.1270°E / 51.3706; 1.1270
Herne Bay is a seaside town in Kent, South East England, with a population of 35,188. On the south coast of the Thames Estuary, it is 7 miles (11 km) north of Canterbury and 1 mile (2 km) east of Whitstable. It neighbours the ancient villages of Herne and Reculver and is part of the City of Canterbury local government district. Herne Bay's seafront is home to the world's first freestanding purpose-built clock tower, built in 1837; until 1978, the town had the second-longest pier in the United Kingdom.
The town began as a small shipping community, receiving goods and passengers from London en route to Canterbury and Dover. The town rose to prominence as a seaside resort during the early 19th century after the building of a pleasure pier and promenade by a group of London investors, and reached its heyday in the late Victorian era. Its popularity as a holiday destination has declined over the past decades, due to the increase in foreign travel and regular flooding that has prevented the town's redevelopment.
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Hythe, Kent
Coordinates: 51°04′18″N 1°05′02″E / 51.0716°N 1.084°E / 51.0716; 1.084
Hythe ( /ˈhaɪð/), is a small coastal market town on the edge of Romney Marsh, in the District of Shepway (derived from Sheep Way) on the south coast of Kent. The word Hythe or Hithe is an Old English word meaning Haven or Landing Place.
The town has medieval and Georgian buildings, as well as a Saxon/Norman church on the hill and seafront promenade. Hythe was once defended by two castles, Saltwood and Lympne. The town hall, a former guildhall, was built in 1794, its fireplace designed by the Adam Brothers.
Hythe's market once took place in Market Square (now Red Lion Square) close to where there is now a Farmers' Market every second and fourth Saturday of the month. Hythe has gardening, horse riding, bowling, tennis, cricket, football, squash and sailing clubs. Lord Deedes was patron of Hythe Civic Society, and the hounds of The East Kent Hunt are kennelled in nearby Elham.
Hythe is one of the Cinque Ports, but although it is beside a broad bay on the English Channel, silting removed its harbour hundreds of years ago. Hythe was once the central Cinque Port, between Hastings and New Romney to the west and Dover and Sandwich to the east.
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Kent
Kent /ˈkɛnt/ is a county in South East England, and one of the home counties. It borders East Sussex, Surrey and Greater London and has a defined boundary with Essex in the middle of the Thames Estuary. The ceremonial county boundaries of Kent include the shire county of Kent and the unitary borough of Medway. Kent has a nominal border with France halfway through the Channel Tunnel. Maidstone is its county town and historically Rochester and Canterbury have been accorded city status, though only the latter still holds it.
Kent's location between London and the continental Europe has led to its being in the front line of several conflicts, including the Battle of Britain during World War II. East Kent was known as Hell Fire Corner during the conflict. England has relied on the county's ports to provide warships through much of the past 800 years; the Cinque Ports in the 12th–14th centuries and Chatham Dockyard in the 16th–20th centuries were of particular importance to the country's security. France can be seen clearly in fine weather from Folkestone, and the iconic White Cliffs of Dover.
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Lowestoft
Coordinates: 52°29′N 1°45′E / 52.48°N 1.75°E / 52.48; 1.75
Lowestoft ( /ˈloʊ.əstɒft/, /ˈloʊstɒft/ or /ˈloʊstəf/) is a town in the English county of Suffolk. The town is on the North Sea coast and is the most easterly point of the United Kingdom. It is 110 miles (177 km) north-east of London, 38 miles (61 km) north-east of Ipswich and 22 miles (35 km) south-east of Norwich. It is situated on the edge of the Broads system and is the major settlement within the district of Waveney with a population of 64,358 at the 2001 census.
Some of the earliest evidence of settlement in Britain have been found in Lowestoft and the town has a long history. It is a port town which developed due to the fishing industry and a traditional seaside resort. It has wide, sandy beaches, two piers and a number of other tourist attractions. Whilst its fisheries have declined, the development of oil and gas exploitation in the southern North Sea in the 1960s led to the development of the town, along with nearby Great Yarmouth, as a base for the industry. This role has since declined and the town has begun to develop as a centre of the renewable energy industry within the East of England.
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Lydd
Coordinates: 50°57′08″N 0°54′26″E / 50.952330°N 0.907290°E / 50.952330; 0.907290
Lydd is a town in Kent, England, lying on the Romney Marsh. It is one of the larger villages on the marsh, and the most southerly village in Kent. Actually located on Denge Marsh, Lydd was one of the first sandy islands to form as the bay evolved into what is now called the Romney Marsh. The name Hlyda, which derives from the Latin word for "shore", was found in a Saxon charter dating from the 8th century.
The parish of Lydd comprises the town of Lydd, Dungeness, Lydd-on-Sea and parts of Greatstone.
Notable buildings in Lydd include a guildhall and a mediaeval courthouse. Chamberlains and churchwardens accounts of the 15th century survive alongside the town charters.
Lydd reached the height of its prosperity during the 13th century, when it was a corporate member of the Cinque Ports, a "limb" of Romney.
As with much of the marsh, the town was a base for smuggling in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Before World War I Lydd became an important artillery practice camp. Experiments with high explosives carried out on the shingle wastes around 1888 led to the invention of the explosive Lyddite. Lydd was at one time a garrison town and the area is still an important training ground for the armed forces, at one time having an extensive narrow gauge railway network.
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M25 motorway
The M25 motorway, London Ring Motorway, or London Orbital motorway is a 117-mile (188 km) motorway that almost encircles Greater London, England, in the United Kingdom. The motorway was first mooted early in the 20th century. A few sections, based on the now abandoned London Ringways plan, were constructed in the early 1970s and it was completed in 1986. The M25 is one of the world's longest orbital roads and one of the busiest and most congested parts of the British motorway network. 196,000 vehicles were recorded in a single day near London Heathrow Airport. Plans to widen additional sections to eight lanes (four each way) were scaled back in 2009 in response to rising costs.
Originally built mainly as a dual three-lane motorway, much of the motorway has subsequently been widened to dual four-lanes in places and to a dual five-lane section between junctions 12 and 14 and a dual six-lane between junctions 14 and 15. Further widening is in progress with plans for managed motorways on other sections.
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Maidstone
Coordinates: 51°16′19″N 0°31′44″E / 51.272°N 0.529°E / 51.272; 0.529
Maidstone is the county town of Kent, England, 32 miles (51 km) south-east of London. The River Medway runs through the centre of the town linking Maidstone to Rochester and the Thames Estuary. Historically, the river was a source and route for much of the town's trade. Maidstone was the centre of the agricultural county of Kent, known as the Garden of England. There is evidence of a settlement in the area dating back to beyond the Stone Age.
The town is within the borough of Maidstone. In 2001, the town had a population of 75,070.
Maidstone's economy has changed over the years from being involved in heavy industry, to more light and service industries.
Saxon charters (c975) show the first recorded instances of the town's name; de maeides stana and maegdan stane with the possible meaning of either stone of the maidens, or possibly stone of the people. The latter meaning may refer to the nearby megalith around which gatherings would take place. The name evolved through medestan/meddestane as reported in the Domesday Book until, in 1610, the modern name appeared. It has also been suggested that the name derives from stones set into the river to allow clothes to be rinsed in the cleaner water away from the banks of the river.[citation needed]
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Maidstone (borough)
The Borough of Maidstone is a local government district with borough status in Kent, England. Its administrative centre is Maidstone which is also the County town of Kent. grid reference TQ760560
The district was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, and was a merger of the former municipal borough of Maidstone with the rural districts of Hollingbourne and Maidstone.
The Borough covers an area generally to the east and south of the town of Maidstone: as far north as the M2 motorway; east down the M20 to Lenham; south to a line including Staplehurst and Headcorn; and west towards Tonbridge. Generally speaking, it lies between the North Downs and the Weald, and covers the central part of the county. The M20 motorway crosses it from west to east, as does High Speed 1.
Geologically, the Greensand ridge lies to the south of the town. The very fine sand provides a good source for glass-making. The clay vale beyond, through which flow the three rivers which meet at Yalding; the Medway, the Beult and the Teise; and the chalk North Downs all provide raw materials for paper- and cement-making; which are also local industries.
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Manston, Kent
Coordinates: 51°20′58″N 1°22′01″E / 51.3495°N 1.3669°E / 51.3495; 1.3669
Manston is a village and civil parish in the Thanet district of Kent, England. The village is situated one mile north-west of Ramsgate. The parish includes four hamlets and Kent International Airport.
The village was originally Mannestone which means 'farm on top of a hill' (a possible alternative variation is a farm belonging to a man called Mann) and was recorded in 1254 as Manneston, but obtained its modern spelling in 1381 around the time of the Peasants' Revolt[citation needed].
The discovery of an Anglo-Saxon sword at what is known as the Ozengell burial ground and also 200 graves including a Roman stone and lead lined coffin, never preserved, show that the site has been occupied since earliest times[citation needed]
In June 1381 the Peasants' Revolt reached Manston. The revolt eventually reached Manston, and -
Two roads in the parish give clues to its historic past. ‘’Manston Court Road’’, refers to Manston Court, which was the seat of the Manston family who held high offices including Richard de Manston in the time of King John (circa 1200) and later William Manston, who was Sheriff of Kent in 1436; and Spratling Street gets its name from the Sprakling family who lived in Ellington in Ramsgate from 1558 to 1659, at a time when Manston was still a part of St Lawrence Extra.
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Minster, Swale
Coordinates: 51°25′16″N 0°48′32″E / 51.421°N 0.809°E / 51.421; 0.809
Minster is a small town on the north coast of the Isle of Sheppey and in the Swale district of Kent, England.
The name of the town derives from the monastery founded in the area. There is some variation in the use of the name, with the local parish council being named Minster-on-Sea, while other sources, such as the local primary school, use Minster-in-Sheppey, in order to distinguish it from Minster-in-Thanet, also in the county of Kent. Both places are listed in the Ordnance Survey gazeteer is Minster. Royal Mail identifies a locality of Minster On Sea in the ME12 postcode district. Minster-on-Sea is a location mentioned in Dickens' The Old Curiosity Shop.
In about AD 670 the widowed Kentish queen, Seaxburh of Ely, built the monastery here - one of the first in Kent. In AD 835 the Danes overran Sheppey and made it their base camp. They remained there until the Norman conquest. In AD 670 another monarch - King Ecgberht of Kent gave land for his mother to establish a Benedictine nunnery at Minster. At the Reformation Sir Thomas Cheyney was given possession of the site.
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Minster-in-Thanet
Coordinates: 51°20′00″N 1°18′30″E / 51.3332°N 1.3082°E / 51.3332; 1.3082
Minster-in-Thanet, also known as Minster, is a village and civil parish in the Thanet District of Kent, England. The village is situated to the west of Ramsgate and to the north east of Canterbury; it lies just south west of Kent International Airport and just north of the River Stour. Minster is also the "ancient capital of Thanet".
The name comes from the Latin monasterium and denotes the historical presence of an abbey or monastery.
Minster originally started as a monastic settlement in AD 670. The buildings are still used as nunneries today. The first abbey in the village was founded by St. Domneva, a widowed noblewoman, whose daughter St. Mildred, is taken as the first Abbess. The tradition is that Domneva was granted as much land as a hind could run over in a day, the hind remains the village emblem, see also Thanet. The abbey was extinguished by Viking raiding. The next abbess after St. Mildred was St Edburga daughter of King Centwine of the West Saxons.
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Monkton, Kent
Coordinates: 51°20′16″N 1°16′54″E / 51.3379°N 1.2817°E / 51.3379; 1.2817
Monkton is a village and civil parish in the Thanet District of Kent, England. The village is located at the south-western edge of the Isle of Thanet and is situated mainly along the B2047 road, leading off the A263 road between Canterbury and Ramsgate. The civil parish stretches south to the River Stour and northwards towards Acol. The hamlet of Gore Street is included in the parish.
The 13th century church is dedicated to St Mary Madgalene.
Monkton suffered an explosion during 2007, and was largely evacuated as a result. The Fire and Rescue service says that crews were faced with "a well developed fire in a large single-storey building", which was among the largest in the village.
Monkton has a small joint junior and infant school. The Monkton Church of England Primary School is situated in the village of Monkton which is in Thanet, Kent. The school was purpose built in 1872 and was extended and modernised in 2007. It currently caters for 109 pupils ranging from 4 to 11 years.
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Montefiore Synagogue
The Montefiore Synagogue was the private synagogue of Sir Moses Montefiore. It is an 1833, Grade II* listed building in Ramsgate, Kent, England.
The synagogue was in the European tradition of great men having private chapels on their estates. Sir Moses Montefiore had the synagogue built immediately upon purchasing the seaside East Cliff estate at Ramsgate and building a country house. On the day the building was dedicated, Montefiore fulfilled the Jewish custom of marking such an occasion by giving charity to the poor by giving money to be distributed by the priests of the two neighbouring Church of England parishes.
The house has been demolished. The synagogue remains in use by the Sephardic community.
In 2007 a general medical practice opened on the grounds of the former estate. The developer contributed funds to preserve the woodlands next to the historic synagogue.
The building is set on a knoll that, in Sir Moses' day, overlooked extensive gardens.
The synagogue is a noted example of ecclesiastical Regency architecture. The architect was Montefiore's cousin, David Mocatta. It was the first purpose-built synagogue in Britain designed by a Jewish architect. It is a masonry building covered with stucco. The building is a rectangular with canted corners and a semicircular apse to accommodate the Torah Ark. The small vestibule contains the stairway of the women's gallery. The facade features a clock, which is unusual in synagogue architecture. It is the only synagogue ever built in the United Kingdom with a chiming clock. The clock bears the motto, Time flies, virtue alone remains. The Montefiore coat of arms was a later addition to the facade.
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New Romney
Coordinates: 50°59′06″N 0°56′28″E / 50.985°N 0.941°E / 50.985; 0.941
New Romney is a small town in Kent, England, on the edge of Romney Marsh, an area of flat, rich agricultural land reclaimed from the sea after the harbour began to be silted up. New Romney was once a sea port, with the harbour adjacent to the church, but is now more than a mile from the sea. It is the headquarters of the Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway.
New Romney is not significantly different in age from the nearby village of Old Romney. However New Romney, now about a mile and a half from the seafront, was originally a harbour town at the mouth of the River Rother. The Rother estuary was always difficult to navigate, with many shallow channels and sandbanks. To make navigation easier two large rocks, one bigger than the other, were placed at the entrance to the main channel.[citation needed] The names of two local settlements, Greatstone and Littlestone, are a reminder of these aids. Another possible explanation for these place-names is a result of the effects of Longshore Drift, which disperses shingle and sand deposits, from west to east, with heavier stones accumulating in the area known as Greatstone, while far smaller shingle is to be found in great quantities at Littlestone. Very fine sand is found further east at neighbouring St Mary's Bay.
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Newington, Thanet
Coordinates: 51°20′54″N 1°23′41″E / 51.3483°N 1.3948°E / 51.3483; 1.3948
Newington is an area in the town of Ramsgate in Kent, England.
As of the 2001 UK census, the Newington electoral ward had a population of 5,009. The ethnicity was 98.8% white, 0.8% mixed race, 0.1% Asian, 0.2% black and 0.1% other. The place of birth of residents was 97.4% United Kingdom, 0.3% Republic of Ireland, 0.8% other Western European countries, and 1.5% elsewhere. Religion was recorded as 67.8% Christian, 0.1% Buddhist, 0% Hindu, 0.1% Sikh, 0.1% Jewish, and 0.3% Muslim. 21.7% were recorded as having no religion, 0.2% had an alternative religion and 9.8% did not state their religion.
The economic activity of residents aged 16–74 was 32.4% in full-time employment, 13.2% in part-time employment, 4% self-employed, 6.5% unemployed, 2.5% students with jobs, 3.2% students without jobs, 13.2% retired, 12.3% looking after home or family, 8.9% permanently sick or disabled and 3.9% economically inactive for other reasons. The industry of employment of residents was 20.4% retail, 17.7% manufacturing, 10% construction, 8.7% real estate, 11.9% health and social work, 6.8% education, 8.8% transport and communications, 3.2% public administration, 5.2% hotels and restaurants, 1.1% finance, 1.5% agriculture and 4.7% other. Compared with national figures, the ward had a relatively high proportion of workers in retail, construction, transport and communications. There were a relatively low proportion in finance, public administration and real estate. Of the ward's residents aged 16–74, 4.8% had a higher education qualification or the equivalent, compared with 19.9% nationwide.
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Northfleet
Coordinates: 51°26′51″N 0°19′29″E / 51.447588°N 0.324783°E / 51.447588; 0.324783
Northfleet is a town in the Borough of Gravesham in Kent, England. Its name is derived from being situated on the northern reach of what was once called the River Fleet (today known as the Ebbsfleet) there is a village at the other end of the river named Southfleet. It has been the site of a settlement on the shore of the River Thames adjacent to Gravesend since Roman times. It was known as Fleote by the Saxons c600 AD, Flyote c900 AD, Flete c1000 AD. It was recorded as Norfluet in the Domesday Book, and Northflet in 1201. By 1610 the name of Northfleet had become established. A battle took place during the civil war at the Stonebridge over the Ebbsfleet river. Northfleet became a town in 1874 with the Northfleet Urban District Council being established c1894. In 1974 it was forcibly mearged with the nextdoor Gravesend Borough Council. The first council offices were off the Hill, but the council then moved to Northfleet House (now a nursing home for the elderly). Northfleet House was once the home of Mr. Sturges a local landowner. Northfleet is in the lathe of Aylesford and the hundred of Toltingtrough.
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Operation Dynamo
The Dunkirk evacuation, commonly known as the Miracle of Dunkirk, code-named Operation Dynamo by the British, was the evacuation of Allied soldiers from the beaches and harbour of Dunkirk, France, between 27 May and the early hours of 4 June 1940, because the British, French, and Belgian troops were cut off by the German army during the Battle of Dunkirk in the Second World War. The evacuation was ordered on 26 May. In a speech to the House of Commons, Winston Churchill called the events in France "a colossal military disaster", saying that "the whole root and core and brain of the British Army" had been stranded at Dunkirk and seemed about to perish or be captured. In his We shall fight on the beaches speech on 4 June, he hailed their rescue as a "miracle of deliverance".
On the first day, only 7,011 men were evacuated, but by the ninth day, a total of 338,226 soldiers (198,229 British and 139,997 French) had been rescued by the hastily assembled fleet of 850 boats. Many of the troops were able to embark from the harbour's protective mole onto 42 British destroyers and other large ships, while others had to wade from the beaches toward the ships, waiting for hours to board, shoulder-deep in water. Others were ferried from the beaches to the larger ships, and thousands were carried back to Britain by the famous "little ships of Dunkirk", a flotilla of around 700 merchant marine boats, fishing boats, pleasure craft and Royal National Lifeboat Institution lifeboats—the smallest of which was the 18 ft (5.5 m) fishing boat Tamzine, now in the Imperial War Museum—whose civilian crews were called into service for the emergency. The "miracle of the little ships" remains a prominent folk memory in Britain.
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Paddock Wood
Coordinates: 51°10′32″N 0°23′44″E / 51.1756°N 0.3955°E / 51.1756; 0.3955
Paddock Wood is a small town and civil parish in the Borough of Tunbridge Wells and county of Kent in England, about 8 miles (13 km) southwest of Maidstone. At the time of the 2001 census it had a population of 8,263, and is the centre for hop growing in Kent.
Paddock Wood formed part of the ancient parish of Brenchley. There are several theories for the origin of the name "Paddock Wood"; it may have been derived from the nearby Manor of Parrock, or from the nearby woodland and paddocks. A railway station was opened here on 31 May 1842, on the South Eastern Railway main line from London via Redhill to Dover.
In 1847 cottages had begun to appear, and by 1851 a fairly sizeable community had developed, and an Anglican church, St Andrew's, was built. In 1860 the area was separated ecclesiastically from Brenchley to form a Church of England parish. The area around Paddock Wood has always had a history of hop farming, and in the growth of the town is partly due to the seasonal influx of hop pickers, and at the height of the season up to 8,000 people would arrive to work on the farms.
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Palm Bay, Kent
Coordinates: 51°23′34″N 1°24′45″E / 51.3927°N 1.4125°E / 51.3927; 1.4125
Palm Bay is an area within Cliftonville, a suburb of Margate. It is in South East England and it is in the county of Kent in the United Kingdom. The area is predominantly a housing area, but has a large area of recreational land for the general public. Palm or Palmers Bay is one of many bays round the coast of Thanet. Palm Bay lies between Walpole and Botany Bays and is popular as a centre for Jet Skiing, the eastern end of Palm Bay is also known as Forness Bay and is the home to a local water skiing club.
The original Palm Bay estate was built in the 1930s as a number of large, wide avenues with detached and semi-detached houses with driveways, garages and gardens. This land was sold by Mr Sidney Simon Van Den Bergh to the Palm Bay Estate Co on 23 June 1924. Such avenues include Gloucester Avenue and Leicester Avenue.
The estate covers the eastern part of Cliftonville and was fields when the first was built. It extends east beyond Northumberland Avenue and has been developed in phases. An earlier phase covered the northern ends of Leicester and Gloucester Avenues and the whole of Clarence and Magnolia Avenues; the later phase extending eastwards of Princess Margaret Avenue is a Wimpy style housing estate with small houses largely identical in appearance and of less substantial build quality than the original 1930's estate.
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Port of Ostend
Coordinates: 51°13′28″N 2°54′35″E / 51.22444°N 2.90972°E / 51.22444; 2.90972 The port of Ostend (Dutch: Oostende) is situated in Ostend, West Flanders (Belgium). The port is mainly known as a ferry port. Freight, and recently also passenger transport between Ostend and Ramsgate is provided by Transeuropa Ferries. The port also services freight transport between Ostend and both Ipswich and Killingholme.
As part of the ancient city of Ostend the port was founded in 1584 when the sand dunes were pushed back to create the beginnings of the modern basin.
Twenty years later Ostend had been transformed from a sleepy fishing village into a fortified, moated and important Dutch port.
After the Siege of Ostend (1601-1604) the port was not rebuilt.
It became a haven for privateers until the eighteenth century. Charles VI briefly granted it a license to trade with the far east as the Oostendsche Companie. This enriched the port and set it up again. During the American Revolution Ostend became a free port. The docks were redeveloped under Dutch rule (1815 - 1830). Ferry services to Dover began in 1846, with Ostend being the hub for the Regie voor Maritiem Transport until 1997.
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Port of Ramsgate
The Port of Ramsgate and Royal Harbour, Ramsgate are harbours situated in Ramsgate, south-east England, serving respectively cross-Channel ferry traffic and smaller working and pleasure craft. They are run on behalf of the public by the local authority, Thanet District Council.
The construction of Ramsgate Harbour began in 1749 and was completed in about 1850. The two most influential architects of the Harbour were father and son John Shaw and John Shaw Jr, who designed the clockhouse, the obelisk, the lighthouse and the Jacob's Ladder steps.
The Harbour has the unique distinction of being the only harbour in the United Kingdom awarded the right to call itself a Royal Harbour. This was bestowed by King George IV after he was taken by the hospitality shown by the people of Ramsgate when he used the harbour to depart and return with the Royal Yacht Squadron in 1821.
Because of its proximity to mainland Europe, Ramsgate was a chief embarkation point both during the Napoleonic Wars and for the Dunkirk evacuation in 1940. The ferry terminal area is built upon reclaimed land.
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Queenborough
Coordinates: 51°25′06″N 0°44′42″E / 51.4183°N 0.7450°E / 51.4183; 0.7450
Queenborough is a small town on the Isle of Sheppey in the Swale borough of Kent in South East England.
Queenborough is two miles (3.2 km) south of Sheerness. It grew as a port near the Thames Estuary at the westward entrance to The Swale where it joins the River Medway. It is in the Sittingbourne and Sheppey parliamentary constituency.
Queenborough Harbour offers moorings between the Thames and Medway. It is possible to land at Queenborough on any tide and there are boat builders and chandlers in the marina. Admiral Lord Nelson, is reputed to have learnt much of his seafaring skills in these waters, and also shared a house near the small harbour with his mistress, the Lady Hamilton.
Queenborough today still reflects something of its original 18th century seafaring history, from which period most of its more prominent buildings survive. The church is the sole surviving feature from the medieval period. The town was first represented by two Members of Parliament in 1572.
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RAF Manston
RAF Manston was an RAF station in the north-east of Kent, at grid reference TR334663 on the Isle of Thanet from 1916 until 1996. The site is now split between a commercial airport Kent International Airport (KIA) and a continuing military use by the Defence Fire Training and Development Centre (DFTDC), following on from a long standing training facility for RAF firefighters at the Manston base.
At the outset of the Great War, the Isle of Thanet was equipped with a small and precarious landing strip for aircraft at St Mildreds Bay, Westgate, on top of the chalk cliffs, at the foot of which was a promenade which had been used for seaplane operations.
The landing grounds atop the cliff soon became the scene of several accidents, with at least one plane seen to fail to stop before the end of the cliffs and tumble into the sea, which for the fortunate pilot had been on its inward tide.
In the winter of 1915-1916 these early aircraft first began to use the open farmlands at Manston as a site for emergency landings. Thus was soon established the Admiralty Aerodrome at Manston. It was not long after this that the training school, set up originally to instruct pilots in the use of the new Handley Page bombers, was established, and so by the close of 1916 there were already two distinct units stationed at Manston, the Operational War Flight Command and the Handley Page Training School.
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Ramsgate
Coordinates: 51°20′38″N 1°24′15″E / 51.343910°N 1.404030°E / 51.343910; 1.404030
Ramsgate is a seaside town in the district of Thanet in east Kent, England. It was one of the great English seaside towns of the 19th century and is a member of the ancient confederation of Cinque Ports. It has a population of around 40,000. Ramsgate's main attraction is its coastline and its main industries are tourism and fishing. The town has one of the largest marinas on the English south coast and Port of Ramsgate has provided cross channel ferries for many years.
Ramsgate began as a fishing and farming hamlet. Ramsgate as a name has its earliest reference as "Hraefn's gate", or "raven's cliff gap", later to be rendered 'Ramisgate' or 'Remmesgate' around 1225 and 'Ramesgate' from 1357. The legendary mercenaries Hengest and Horsa landed in the 5th century to herald the pagan Anglo-Saxon age in England. The Christian missionary St. Augustine landed in Ramsgate in 597 which re-established the link between England and the Christian church in Rome.
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Ramsgate Airport
Ramsgate Airport was a civil airfield at Ramsgate, Kent, United Kingdom which opened in July 1935. It was briefly taken over by the Royal Air Force in the Second World War, becoming RAF Ramsgate. The airfield was then closed and obstructed to prevent its use. It reopened in 1953 and served until final closure in 1968.
Ramsgate was selected to be the site of a Landing Ground during the First World War, but no work was carried out. Built at a cost of £26,000, Ramsgate Airport opened on 1 July 1935, on a 90-acre (36 ha) site. With the opening of the airport, Hillman's Airways inaugurated a service to Belgium. As Ostend Airport was not then ready, services were initially to Le Zoute Airfield, Knokke. Four services per day were operated. The airport was operated by Ramsgate Airport Ltd, which was registered as a private limited company on 20 July 1935 with capital of £5,000 in £1 shares. The directors were a Mr F Gwatkin, Richard Seaman and Whitney Straight. The official opening ceremony was performed by the Mayor of Ramsgate, who was then flown to Belgium in a de Havilland Dragon by Neville Stack. A representative from Crilly Airways also attended the dinner to celebrate the opening of the airport. Customs facilities were provided within a month of the airport opening. In October 1935, plans were made to extend the airport, with a control tower and a hangar amongst the facilities to be provided.
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Republic of Ireland
Ireland (/ˈaɪərlənd/ or /ˈɑrlənd/; Irish: Éire, pronounced [ˈeːɾʲə] ( listen)) is a sovereign state in Europe occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. Its capital is Dublin. The population of the state was 4.59 million in 2011. It is a constitutional republic governed as a parliamentary democracy, with an elected president serving as head of state. In the 1937 constitution, the name of the state is given as simply "Ireland". The Constitution of Ireland (Article 4) and the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 provides that the "Republic of Ireland" (Irish: Poblacht na hÉireann) is "the description of the state".
Ireland is a member of the European Union, the Council of Europe, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Trade Organisation and the United Nations. A developed country with the seventh highest Human Development Index, Ireland is also highly ranked for press freedom, economic freedom and democracy and political freedom.
The modern Irish state was established in 1922 as the Irish Free State, a dominion within the British Empire, following the Anglo-Irish Treaty which brought an end to the Irish War of Independence. The partition of Ireland had already been provided for in previous British legislation in 1921 in response to opposition to Irish Home Rule or independence by Unionists, who formed a majority in the north-eastern part of the country. Six of the nine counties in the northern province of Ulster were established under that legislation as Northern Ireland, part of the United Kingdom, with which the Irish state shares its only land border. The state is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Celtic Sea to the south, St George's Channel to the south east, and the Irish Sea to the east.
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Rivers of Kent
There are four rivers draining the county of Kent, England.
This is the main river, whose catchment area covers almost 25% of the county. The detailed map has a diagram of that catchment area, which includes its main tributaries: the rivers Eden, Bourne (or Shode), Teise, Beult, Loose and Len.
The River Stour is also known as the Great Stour, especially above its confluence with the Little Stour at Plucks Gutter. Its catchment area covers the eastern part of Kent.
Its tributary is the River Cray.
A minor river from Temple Ewell to Dover
A Wealden river. It is included here since for part of its journey near Bodiam it forms the boundary between Kent and East Sussex.
Coordinates: 51°12′N 0°42′E / 51.2°N 0.7°E / 51.2; 0.7
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Rochester, Kent
Coordinates: 51°23′18″N 0°29′54″E / 51.3883°N 0.4982°E / 51.3883; 0.4982
Rochester is a town and former city in Kent, England. It is located within the unitary authority area of Medway and is at the lowest bridging point of the River Medway about 30 miles (48 km) from London. The town is known for its cathedral and castle, and for an epic siege in 1215. Rochester, together with neighbouring Chatham, Gillingham, Strood and a number of outlying villages, makes up the Medway unitary authority area.
The Romano-British name for Rochester was Durobrivae, later Durobrivis c.730 and Dorobrevis in 844.
The commonly cited origins of this are:
See the main History of Rochester, Kent for more details on the toponymy.
Durobrivis was pronounced 'Robrivis. Bede copied down this name, c730, mistaking its meaning as Hrofi's fortified camp (OE Hrofes cæster). From this we get c730 Hrofæscæstre, 811 Hrofescester, 1086 Rovescester, 1610 Rochester.
The Latinised adjective 'Roffensis' refers to Rochester.
Neolithic remains have been found in the vicinity of Rochester. Immediately prior to the Roman invasion it was one of the two administrative centres of the Cantiaci tribe. During the Roman invasion a fierce battle was fought over the river crossing. The first bridge was subsequently constructed early in the Roman period. During the later Roman period the settlement was walled in stone.
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Sandwich, Kent
Coordinates: 51°16′29″N 1°20′20″E / 51.27472°N 1.33889°E / 51.27472; 1.33889
Sandwich is a historic town and civil parish on the River Stour in the Non-metropolitan district of Dover, within the ceremonial county of Kent, south-east England. It has a population of 6,800.
It was one of the Cinque Ports and still has many original medieval buildings, including several listed public houses and gates in the old town walls, churches, almshouses and the White Mill. While once a major port, it is now two miles from the sea, its historic centre preserved.
Sandwich Bay is home to nature reserves and two world-class golf courses, Royal St George's and Prince's. The town is also home to educational and cultural events.
The name is of Danish origin, meaning a sand place or camp on a bay (vig, wich) or near the mouth of a river.
In 1028 King Canute granted a charter to the monks of Christ Church, Canterbury to operate a ferry across the river and collect tolls.
The Port of Sandwich is no stranger to odd events in English history. It was here in 1255 that the first captive elephant was landed in England, The prize beast arrived at Sandwich quayside, delivered as a gift to the English monarch Henry III, from the French king, and was then taken on foot to the king's zoo at the Tower of London. The journey through Kent is reported to have proceeded without incident, except when a bull in a field adjacent to the roadside took umbrage to the great beast passing and attacked it. In one move the animal was thrown by the elephant and killed outright.
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Sarre, Kent
Coordinates: 51°20′05″N 1°14′09″E / 51.3348°N 1.2358°E / 51.3348; 1.2358
Sarre is a village and civil parish in Thanet District in Kent, England. The village is a part of St. Nicholas-at-Wade ecclesiastical parish, after having lost the local church of St. Giles in Elizabethan times; the ecclesiastical parishes were subsequently combined. In its own right Sarre is an Ancient Parish. It has a population of 130.
Sarre is located at the point where the old 'Island Road' from Margate to Canterbury crossed the Wantsum Channel initially by a ferry and from the late Middle Ages by a bridge. The route of this bridge is followed by a short section of the modern A28 and is still marked on some maps as Sarre Wall.
In July 1940 the village was turned into a model strong point by the 1st Canadian Pioneer Battalion. Within three weeks the village bristled with defences including fifteen casemates and a variety of flame traps, flame fougasses and other anti-tank devices.
The Canadian commander Andrew McNaughton later recalled: "I turned a pioneer battalion loose to fortify Sarre in every possible way. They took ladies' boudoirs and turned them into machine-gun posts without showing anything from the outside; I'm sure they never got the concrete out. There was a big building inside the village that had a hoist for casks. The boys arranged a big barrel of petroleum, with phosphorus bombs inside, that was all poised ready to swing. When a tank came through the village and slowed to make the turn they would just pull a catch and the barrel would smack the tank fair and square and go off with a great gust of flame."
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Sevenoaks
Coordinates: 51°16′41″N 0°11′15″E / 51.2781°N 0.1874°E / 51.2781; 0.1874
Sevenoaks is a commuter town situated on the London fringe of west Kent, England, 24 miles (38.6 km) south-east of Charing Cross, on one of the principal commuter rail lines from the capital. The town gives its name to the Sevenoaks district, of which it is the principal town, followed by Swanley and Edenbridge.
The presence of Knole House, a large mansion, led to the earlier settlement becoming a village and in the 13th century a market was established.[citation needed] Sevenoaks became part of the modern communications network when one of the earlier turnpikes was opened in the 18th century; the railway was relatively late in reaching it. It has a large commuting population although the nearby Fort Halstead defence installation is a large local employer.
There are several independent educational establishments in the town, including the prestigious Sevenoaks School.
The town's name is derived from the Saxon word "Seouenaca", the name given to a small chapel near seven oak trees in Knole Park around AD 800.[citation needed]
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Sevenoaks (district)
Sevenoaks is a local government district covering the western most part of Kent in England. Its council is based in the town of Sevenoaks. It was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, by a merger of the Sevenoaks Urban District, Sevenoaks Rural District and part of Dartford Rural District.
The council consists of 54 elected councillors, representing wards in the district.
In 2009 the Audit Commission named Sevenoaks District Council one of the four best run and most efficient councils in the country.
The third tier of government within the District consists of the following town and parish councils:
Coordinates: 51°16′12″N 0°11′35″E / 51.270°N 0.193°E / 51.270; 0.193
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Sevenscore
Coordinates: 51°19′48″N 1°20′48″E / 51.33°N 1.3468°E / 51.33; 1.3468
Sevenscore is a hamlet on the B2048 secondary road about one mile (1.6km) east of Minster-in-Thanet in Kent, England.
It is among, and associated with the other hamlet settlements in west Thanet.
Sevenscore Farm is a large presence in the hamlet and specialises in asparagus crops.
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Sheerness
Coordinates: 51°26′28″N 0°45′38″E / 51.4410°N 0.7605°E / 51.4410; 0.7605
Sheerness (
/ʃɪərˈnɛs/) is a town located beside the mouth of the River Medway on the north-west corner of the Isle of Sheppey in north Kent, England. With a population of 13,000 it is the largest town on the island.
Sheerness began as a fort built in the 16th century to protect the River Medway from naval invasion. In 1665, plans were first laid by the Navy Board for a Royal Navy dockyard where warships might be provisioned and repaired, a site favoured by Samuel Pepys, then Clerk of the Acts of the navy, for shipbuilding over Chatham. After the raid on the Medway in 1667, the older fortification was strengthened; in 1669 was established the Royal Navy dockyard the town, where warships were stocked and repaired until its closure in 1960.
Beginning with the construction of a pier and a promenade in the 19th century, Sheerness acquired the added attractions of a seaside resort. Industry retains its important place in the town and the port of Sheerness is one of the United Kingdom's leading car and fresh produce importers. The town is the site of one of the UK's first co-operative societies and also of the world's first multi-storey building with a rigid metal frame.
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Sittingbourne
Coordinates: 51°20′N 0°44′E / 51.34°N 0.74°E / 51.34; 0.74
Sittingbourne is an industrial town about eight miles (12.9 km) east of Gillingham in England, beside the Roman Watling Street off a creek in the Swale, a channel separating the Isle of Sheppey from mainland Kent. The town is growing rapidly due to a number of large residential developments, and its train line links to London Victoria and HS1 to St Pancras International, the journey taking about an hour from Sittingbourne railway station.
Sittingbourne owes its name to a modernised version of an observation on its location. The town's name came from the fact that there is a small stream or "bourne" running underground in part of the town. Hasted writing in the 1790s in his History of Kent states that:
The Kent Hundred Rolls of 1274-5, preserved in the National Archives, record Sittingbourne as Sydingeburn in the following entries " Item dicunt quod Johannes Maresescall de Synele tenet unam parvam purpresturam in villa de Sydingeburn et solvit domino regi per annum 1d et dominus rex nichil perdit et quod Petrus de London tenet unam parvam purpresturam in villa de Sydingeburn et solvit inde per annum domino regi 1d et rex nichil perdit." Translated as, "Then they say John Marshall de Synele holds one small encroachment in the vill of Sittingbourne and he pays the lord king 1d. each year and the lord king loses nothing and that Peter of London holds one small encroachment in the vill of Sittingbourne and he pays 1d. each year to the lord king and the king loses nothing."
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Snodland
Coordinates: 51°19′41″N 0°26′48″E / 51.328°N 0.4467°E / 51.328; 0.4467
Snodland is a small town in the county of Kent, England, located on the River Medway between Rochester and Maidstone. It has a population of about 12,000 people.
The town is situated on the A228 road connecting the Medway Towns with Tonbridge. The M20 motorway junction 4 is 2 miles south of the town allowing good access to London and the Channel Ports. The Snodland by-pass takes heavy commercial traffic away from the town centre (an area commonly referred to as "the village" by residents). The Medway Valley Line between Strood and Maidstone passes through Snodland. There is a station; for London passengers change at Strood or Maidstone Barracks/Maidstone East.
The first Roman advance in the conquest of Britain may have crossed the River Medway near Snodland, although there are contending locations. The supposed crossing place is marked by a memorial on the opposite side of the river from Snodland, close to Burham. Near this spot, a ferry later carried pilgrims bound for Canterbury along the Pilgrims' Way.
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Southborough, Kent
Coordinates: 51°09′35″N 0°15′55″E / 51.1598°N 0.2652°E / 51.1598; 0.2652
Southborough civil parish, with the title of town in the District of Tunbridge Wells, in Kent, England. It lies immediately to the north of Tunbridge Wells itself, with the A26 London road passing through it. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 11,124. The town is within the High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
After the Norman Conquest, the area came within the domain of Tonbridge Castle, one of 4 boroughs to do so. This was the South Borough.
Southborough separated from Tonbridge in 1871 when its own board of health was formed[citation needed]. From then, until 1894, it was recreated to become an urban district, with its own elected council to manage its affairs. It retained that title until 1974, when local government reorganisation reverted its title to a civil parish. By historical accident, however, Southborough had a town council, which it has retained.
The Southborough Town Council consists of 18 members, from the three town wards: North (seven councillors); West (six); and East (five). The posts of mayor and deputy mayor are elected annually. As with a normal civil parish, its responsibilities are less than those of the borough. The town has its own grant of heraldry: they include reference to the cricket ball industry, and contain two sprigs of broom, alluding to High Brooms.
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St Nicholas-at-Wade
Coordinates: 51°21′18″N 1°14′58″E / 51.355010°N 1.249400°E / 51.355010; 1.249400
St Nicholas-at-Wade (or more commonly simply St Nicholas) is a both a village and a civil parish in the Thanet District of Kent, England. The parish had a recorded population of 782 at the 2001 Census. The village of Sarre is part of the civil parish.
The village is best known locally for the local custom of Hoodening, a type of mumming, as well as for its prolific potato production.
The name derives from its location on the western border of the Isle of Thanet (originally separated from the Kent mainland). Before the channels of the River Wantsum and River Stour silted up, one would have been able to 'wade' at this point, over a ford. In Roman times the channel was navigable and the site likely very busy with the Saxon Shore Forts of Regulbium (Reculver) and Rutupiae (Richborough) both close by. Remains of Roman shipbuilding yards are said to have been found between St. Nicholas-at-Wade and the nearby village of Sarre
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St Peters, Kent
Coordinates: 51°21′54″N 1°25′09″E / 51.3651°N 1.4191°E / 51.3651; 1.4191
St Peters ("scī Petr'" [1254]; "scī Petri" [1270]; "St. Peters" [1610] ) is an area of Broadstairs, a town on the Isle of Thanet in Kent. Historically a village, it was outgrown by the long dominant settlement of the two, Broadstairs after 1841. Originally the borough or manor of the church of St. Peter-in-Thanet ( the second daughter church of Minster, established 1070, although the first written record of its present name is 1124 ), it was said to be the largest parish east of London, at least until Broadstairs became a separate parish 27 September 1850. The two settlements were formally merged administratively in 1895.
As of the 2001 UK census, the St Peters electoral ward had a population of 6,761. The ethnicity was 97.8% white, 0.7% mixed race, 1.2% Asian, 0.2% black and 0.1% other. The place of birth of residents was 95.7% United Kingdom, 0.7% Republic of Ireland, 0.9% other Western European countries, and 2.7% elsewhere. Religion was recorded as 75.7% Christian, 0.5% Buddhist, 0.3% Hindu, 0% Sikh, 0.1% Jewish, and 0.3% Muslim. 14% were recorded as having no religion, 0.4% had an alternative religion and 8.6% did not state their religion.
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Strood
Coordinates: 51°24′11″N 0°29′17″E / 51.403168°N 0.488033°E / 51.403168; 0.488033
Strood is a town in the unitary authority of Medway in South East England. It is part of the ceremonial county of Kent. It lies on the north west bank of the River Medway at its lowest bridging point, and is part of the Rochester post town.
Strood was part of Frindsbury until 1193, but now Frindsbury is considered part of Strood. Strood's history has been dominated by the river, the bridges and the road and rail links they carried. It is now a mainly residential suburb of Rochester, and a commuter town for London.
Strood was part of Frindsbury until 1193. It was named "Strodes" in the Textus Roffensis, though most early records use the spelling Stroud. The name Strõd or Strõþ refers to a marshy land overgrown with brushwood.
The Romans built a stone bridge and laid a road on a causeway across the marshy ground. The foundations were about 8 ft below the level of the 1856 road. The road went up Strood Hill, and was called Watling Street, as it still is today. This is the A2 road . There is further evidence of a causewayed road leading along the bank towards the Frindsbury Peninsula leading to a villa, was found in 1819. The present road and field pattern suggest that there was a substantial Roman agricultural settlement centred near Frindsbury.
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Swanley
Coordinates: 51°24′N 0°11′E / 51.4°N 0.18°E / 51.4; 0.18
Swanley is a town and civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England. It is located on the south-eastern outskirts of London, north of Sevenoaks town. The town boundaries encompass the settlements of Swanley itself, Hextable (Hextable recently voted to become an independent parish council) and Swanley Village. Swanley has a population of 20,986
In 1066, Swanley only consisted of a few cattle farms, surrounded in oak, sycamore and ash (Fraxinus) woodland. Because Swanley only consisted of a few homesteads,so it was not mentioned in the Domesday Book.
There is a theory that the placename Swanley developed from the Saxon term 'Swine-ley', "Ley" meaning a clearing in the woods and "swine" meaning pigs. So it has been suggested that it was originally a Saxon pig farm. This later developed into what we now know as Swanley. There is however no clear evidence that the derivation of the placename Swanley is 'a clearing for pigs'. This fiction may have been invented by a history teacher at Swanley School sometime in the late 1960s as a backhanded insult towards the kids he or she was expected to teach. If Swanley was a Saxon name chances are it would have received mention in Domesday. It didn't. The name is just as likely to be derived from the personal name Sven, Svein or something similar.
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Swanscombe
Coordinates: 51°26′57″N 0°17′57″E / 51.4491°N 0.2993°E / 51.4491; 0.2993
Swanscombe is a small town, part of the Borough of Dartford on the north Kent coast in England. It is part of the civil parish of Swanscombe and Greenhithe.
Bone fragments and tools, representing the earliest humans known to have lived in England, have been found from 1935 onwards at the Barnfield Pit about 2 km outside the village. This site is now the Swanscombe Heritage Park. Swanscombe Man (now thought to be female) was a late Homo erectus or an early Archaic Homo sapiens. The c. 400,000-year-old skull fragments are kept at the Natural History Museum in London with a replica on display at the Dartford Museum. Lower levels of the Barnfield Pit yielded evidence of an even earlier, more primitive human, dubbed Clactonian Man.
Nearby digs on land for the Channel Tunnel Rail Link revealed a c. 400,000-year-old site with human tools and the remains of a Straight-tusked Elephant (Palaeoloxodon antiquus), and evidence of water vole, pine vole, newts, frogs etc., indicating a site with standing water. (See below for discovery details).
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Thanet
Thanet is a local government district of Kent, England which was formed under the Local Government Act 1972, and came into being on 1 April 1974. The Isle of Thanet makes up the major part of the District.
The district, which is governed by Thanet District Council, is located on the north eastern tip of Kent, and is predominantly coastal, with north, east and southeast facing coastlines. It is bordered by the City of Canterbury district to the west, and the Dover district to the south. The main towns in the district are Margate, Ramsgate and Broadstairs.
The Isle of Thanet is the major part of the Thanet District. Formed over 7000 years ago and separated from the mainland by the Wantsum Channel, it has always borne the brunt of invasions from the Continent. An Isle of Thanet Rural District had existed from the Local Government Act 1894 until it was abolished in 1935 to form part of Eastry Rural District. The current District was formed in 1974, by the addition of the area over which was once the Wantsum Channel, including the settlement of Sarre.
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The Grange, Ramsgate
The Grange in Ramsgate, Kent, on the coast in southern England (aka St Augustine's Grange) was the home of the Victorian architect and designer August Pugin. It was designed by him in the Victorian Gothic style and is a Grade I listed building.
Pugin bought the land for the site at West Cliff, Ramsgate, in 1841. The house was built between 1843 and 1844 by the builder George Myers. Pugin's second wife died in 1844 and it was only after his third marriage to Jane Knill in 1848 that it became a family home.
The interior of the house was finally completed in 1850. It is built from the inside out in the sense that the layout of the rooms was considered before the outside of the building. This is in contrast to the Georgian style that preceded it. The style was influential on subsequent English architecture designed by architects like Edwin Lutyens.
Pugin died in the house in 1852 at the age of only 40. He is buried in the impressive Pugin chantry chapel in St Augustine's Church, next to the house, which was also designed by him and completed by his eldest son, Edward Pugin, who was also an architect.
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Tonbridge
Coordinates: 51°11′55″N 0°16′35″E / 51.1987°N 0.2764°E / 51.1987; 0.2764
Tonbridge (pronunciation and historic spelling Tunbridge) is a market town in the English county of Kent, with a population of 30,340 in 2007. It is located on the River Medway, approximately 4 miles north of Tunbridge Wells, 12 miles south west of Maidstone and 29 miles south east of London. It belongs to the administrative borough of Tonbridge and Malling (population 107,560 in 2001).
The town was recorded in the Domesday Book 1087 as Tonebrige, which may indicate a bridge belonging to the estate or manor (from the Old English tun), or alternatively a bridge belonging to Tunna, a common Anglo-Saxon man's name. Another theory suggests that the name is a contraction of "town of bridges", due to the large number of streams the High Street originally crossed.
Until 1870, the town's name was actually spelt Tunbridge, as shown on old maps including the 1871 Ordnance Survey map and contemporary issues of the Bradshaw railway guide. In 1870, this was changed to Tonbridge by the GPO due to confusion with nearby Tunbridge Wells, despite Tonbridge being a much older settlement. Tunbridge Wells has always maintained the same spelling.
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Trinity House
Coordinates: 51°30′36″N 0°04′37″W / 51.51°N 0.077°W / 51.51; -0.077
The Corporation of Trinity House of Deptford Strond is the official General Lighthouse Authority for England, Wales and other British territorial waters (with the exception of Scotland, the Isle of Man and Northern Ireland). It is responsible for the provision and maintenance of navigational aids such as lighthouses, lightvessels, buoys and maritime radio/satellite communication systems. Trinity House is also the official deep sea pilotage authority providing expert navigators for ships trading in Northern European waters. It is a non-departmental public body.
The Master of the Corporation (now an honorary title) is the Princess Royal. Previous Masters of Trinity House have included the diarist Samuel Pepys and the Duke of Wellington, and Admiral William Penn (father of William Penn, founder of Pennsylvania). Other prominent individuals in Britain, often connected with commercial shipping or the Admiralty, have been associated with Trinity House, including Winston Churchill, who gained his status as an Elder Brother of Trinity House as a result of his position as First Lord of the Admiralty before and during World War I.[citation needed] Often, especially on naval-related forays during the Second World War, he was seen in Trinity House cap or uniform. Winston Churchill also had a Trinity House vessel (THV) named after him, the THV Winston Churchill.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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Walmer
Coordinates: 51°12′15″N 1°23′55″E / 51.2043°N 1.3985°E / 51.2043; 1.3985
Walmer is a town in the district of Dover, Kent in England: located on the coast, the parish of Walmer is six miles (10 km) north-east of Dover. Largely residential, its coastline and castle attract many visitors. It has a population of 6,693 (2001).
Walmer is closely associated with its adjoining neighbour, the town of Deal - sharing many amenities and services and benefiting from Deal's High Street shopping area.
Walmer railway station is on the Kent Coast Line.
Julius Caesar reputedly landed on the beach here in 55 BC and 54 BC. It is only one possible landing place, but it is the most probable, judging from the distances given in his account of the landings in his Gallic Wars. It was in the 19th century thought that he landed by Deal Castle - hence a house there with SPQR emblazoned on its gate - but the landing-point is now put half a mile further south, beyond the lifeboat station, and marked by a concrete memorial.
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West Malling
Coordinates: 51°17′30″N 0°24′55″E / 51.29170°N 0.41521°E / 51.29170; 0.41521
West Malling (historically Town Malling) is a historic market town in the Tonbridge and Malling district of Kent, England. It has a population of about 3000-5000.
West Malling contains many historic buildings. Including St Leonard's Tower, West Malling, a Norman keep, was built by Bishop Gundulf c.1080. He also built the White Tower of the Tower of London, the castles of Rochester and Colchester, the Priory and Cathedral of Rochester. In c.1090 Gundulf founded St. Mary’s Abbey in West Malling for Benedictine nuns. This historic site contains significant buildings from the Norman, medieval, Tudor and Georgian eras. There is also a Grade II* Listed 1966 Abbey Church which is used by the Anglican Benedictine nuns who have made Malling Abbey their home since 1916. Other buildings of interest in West Malling include the Prior’s House, once a residence for those with leprosy; Ford House, over 600 years old; a mainly Georgian High Street; the Swan Hotel, an 18th-century coaching inn (Grade II listed), and Went House, built c.1720 and noted for its elegant brickwork. Manor Park Country Park is located just to the south of the town close to St Leonard's Tower and Douce's Manor, whose grounds the park once comprised.
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Westbrook, Kent
Coordinates: 51°23′04″N 1°21′47″E / 51.3845°N 1.363°E / 51.3845; 1.363
Westbrook is a Victorian seaside resort on the Thanet peninsula in the southeast corner of England. It forms a conurbation with Westgate-on-Sea to the west and Margate to the east.
Running through it is the main Canterbury Road where the Royal Sea Bathing hospital stands (now apartments). The row of shops opposite the hospital entrance includes Clarke and Crittenden. The Dog and Duck pub has been turned into offices for the Hospital Building site. Although a church still stands in the grounds its not used. Westbrook also has a beach, and is home to The Westbrook Aqua Club.
As of the 2001 UK census, the Westbrook electoral ward had a population of 4,319. The ethnicity was 97.8% white, 1% mixed race, 0.9% Asian, 0.3% black and 0% other. The place of birth of residents was 93.3% United Kingdom, 1.4% Republic of Ireland, 1.6% other Western European countries, and 3.7% elsewhere. Religion was recorded as 72.9% Christian, 0.2% Buddhist, 0.3% Hindu, 0% Sikh, 0.2% Jewish, and 0.3% Muslim. 12.9% were recorded as having no religion, 0.4% had an alternative religion and 12.8% did not state their religion.
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Westerham
Coordinates: 51°16′17″N 0°04′12″E / 51.27134°N 0.07005°E / 51.27134; 0.07005
Westerham is a town and civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, in South East England with 5,000 people. The parish is south of the North Downs, ten miles west of Sevenoaks. It covers 5800 acres (2320ha). It is recorded as early as the 9th century, and was mentioned in the Domesday Book in a Norman form, Oistreham (compare Ouistreham in Normandy). Ham is Old English for a village or homestead, and so Westerham means a westerly homestead. The River Darent flows through the town, and formerly powered three watermills.
There is evidence that the area around Westerham has been settled for thousands of years: finds such as a Celtic fortification (c 2000 BC) and a Roman road are close by, along with the remains of a Roman encampment just past the ruins a of tower south of the town at the summit of Tower Woods.
The tower dates back to the 18th century, and was originally constructed by an ancestor of the Warde family, the present owners of Squerryes Court as a folly for their children's amusement. A romantic, if erroneous, theory is that the folly is in fact a medieval watchtower, a tale which has been further embellished by a few fanciful locals who insist that it may have been the holding place for Anne Boleyn on her journey from Hever Castle to London for her trial and execution. (Anne Boleyn's family originally hailed from Chiddingstone and then, later, owned and lived at Hever Castle. King Henry VIII is reported to have, on Anne Boleyn's execution, confiscated Hever Castle and kept it as his own). No evidence for this theory exists, and indeed it conflicts with the knowledge and belief of the Warde family themselves.
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Westgate-on-Sea
Coordinates: 51°23′00″N 1°20′00″E / 51.3833°N 1.3333°E / 51.3833; 1.3333
Westgate-on-Sea is a seaside town in northeast Kent, England, with a population of 6,600. It is within the Thanet local government district and borders the larger seaside resort of Margate. Its two sandy beaches have remained a popular tourist attraction since the town's development in the 1860s from a small farming community.
The town is notable for once being the location of a Royal Naval Air Service seaplane base at St Mildred's Bay, which defended the Thames Estuary coastal towns during World War I. The town is the subject of Sir John Betjeman's poem, Westgate-on-Sea. Residents have included the 19th century surgeon Sir Erasmus Wilson and former Archbishop of Canterbury William Temple. The artist Sir William Quiller Orchardson painted several of his most well-known pictures while living in Westgate-on-Sea. The British composer Arnold Cooke attended the town's Streete Preparatory School in the early 20th century.
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Westwood, Kent
Coordinates: 51°22′01″N 1°23′16″E / 51.366880°N 1.387840°E / 51.366880; 1.387840
Westwood is a village and retail estate in Broadstairs, situated 2 km south of Margate, located in the Thanet district in Kent, UK.
It is the location of the out of town shopping centre Westwood Cross. It is also the site of East Kent Retail Park (Matalan, Staples, Harveys Furniture, and Pets at Home) and Westwood Gateway Retail Park (Argos, Paul Simon, Homebase, Maplin Electronics and Sports World). Both sites are owned by Hammerson.
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Whitstable
Coordinates: 51°21′39″N 1°01′33″E / 51.3607°N 1.0257°E / 51.3607; 1.0257
Whitstable ( /ˈwɪtstəbəl/, locally [ˈwɪʔstəbl]) is a seaside town in Northeast Kent, Southeast England. It is approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of the city of Canterbury and approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of the seaside town of Herne Bay. It is part of the City of Canterbury district and has a population of about 30,000.
Whitstable is famous for its oysters, which have been collected in the area since at least Roman times. The town itself dates back to before the writing of the Domesday Book. Whitstable's distinctive character is popular with tourists, and its maritime heritage is celebrated with the annual oyster festival. Freshly caught shellfish are available throughout the year at several seafood restaurants and pubs in the town.
In 1830 one of the earliest passenger railway services was opened by the Canterbury and Whitstable Railway Company, and in 1832 the company opened Whitstable harbour and extended the line to enable passage to London from the port. The railway has since closed but the harbour still plays an important role in the town's economy.
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Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie ( /kɑrˈneɪɡi/ kar-NAY-gee, but commonly /ˈkɑrnɨɡi/ KAR-nə-gee or /kɑrˈnɛɡi/ kar-NEG-ee) (November 25, 1835 – August 11, 1919) was a Scottish-American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century. He was also one of the most important philanthropists of his era.
Carnegie was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, and emigrated to the United States with his parents in 1848. His first job in the United States was as a factory worker in a bobbin factory. Later on he became a bill logger for the owner of the company. Soon after he became a messenger boy. Eventually he progressed up the ranks of a telegraph company. He built Pittsburgh's Carnegie Steel Company, which was later merged with Elbert H. Gary's Federal Steel Company and several smaller companies to create U.S. Steel. With the fortune he made from business among others he built Carnegie Hall, later he turned to philanthropy and interests in education, founding the Carnegie Corporation of New York, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Carnegie Mellon University and the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh.
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August Pugin
Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (1 March 1812 – 14 September 1852) was an English architect, designer, artist and critic, chiefly remembered for his pioneering role in the Gothic Revival style; his work culminated in the interior design and "Big Ben" clock tower of the Palace of Westminster. Pugin designed many churches in England, and some in Ireland and Australia. Pugin was the father of E. W. Pugin and Peter Paul Pugin, who continued their father's architectural firm as Pugin and Pugin.
Pugin was the son of a French draughtsman, Auguste Pugin, who had come to England as a result of the French Revolution and had married Catherine Welby of Lincolnshire. Augustus was born at his parents' house in Bloomsbury. He learned drawing from his father, and for a while attended Christ's Hospital.
In 1831, aged nineteen, he married the first of his three wives, Anne Garnet. Anne died a few months later in childbirth, leaving him with a daughter. He had a further six children, including the architect Edward Pugin, by his second wife, Louisa Burton, who died in 1844. His third wife, Jane Knill, kept a journal of their married life together, between their marriage in 1848 and his death; it was later published. Their son was Peter Paul Pugin.
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Black people
The term black people is used in some socially-based systems of racial classification for humans of a dark-skinned phenotype, relative to other racial groups represented in a particular social context. Different societies apply different criteria regarding who is classified as "black", and often social variables such as class and socio-economic status also play a role, so that relatively dark-skinned people can be classified as white if they fulfill other social criteria of "whiteness" and relatively light-skinned people can be classified as black if they fulfill the social criteria for "blackness" in a particular setting.
As a biological phenotype being "black" is often associated with the very dark skin colors of some people who are classified as "black". But, particularly in the United States, the racial or ethnic classification also refers to people with all possible kinds of skin pigmentation from the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors, including albinos, if they are believed by others to have African ancestry, or to exhibit cultural traits associated with being "African-American". As a result, in the United States the term "black people" is not an indicator of skin color but of socially based racial classification.
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Buddhist
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy indigenous to the Indian subcontinent and encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs, and practices largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, who is commonly known as the Buddha (meaning "the awakened one" in Sanskrit and Pāli). The Buddha lived and taught in the eastern part of Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE. He is recognized by Buddhists as an awakened or enlightened teacher who shared his insights to help sentient beings end ignorance (avidyā), craving (taṇhā), and suffering (dukkha), by recognizing dependent origination and sunyata, and attain Nirvana.
Two major branches of Buddhism are recognized: Theravada ("The School of the Elders") and Mahayana ("The Great Vehicle"). Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Mahayana is found throughout East Asia and includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, Shingon, Tiantai (Tendai) and Shinnyo-en. In some classifications, Vajrayana—practiced mainly in Tibet and Mongolia, and adjacent parts of China and Russia—is recognized as a third branch, while others classify it as a part of Mahayana. There are other categorisations of these three Vehicles or Yanas.
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Charles Lightoller
Commander Charles Herbert Lightoller DSC & Bar, RD, RNR (30 March 1874 – 8 December 1952) was the second mate (second officer) on board the RMS Titanic, and the most senior officer to survive the disaster. Lightoller was decorated for gallantry as a naval officer in the First World War and later, in retirement, further distinguished himself in the Second World War by providing and sailing one of the "little ships" during the perilous Dunkirk evacuation.
Charles Herbert Lightoller was born in Chorley, Lancashire, on 30 March 1874. His mother, Sarah Lightoller, died shortly after giving birth to him. He was born into a cotton family who owned the Lightoller Mill in Chorley. His father, Fred Lightoller, abandoned young Charles and left for New Zealand. Not wanting to end up with a factory job like most of Britain's youth at the time, at the age of 13 young Charles began a four-year seafaring apprenticeship on board the Primrose Hill. On his second voyage, he set sail with the crew of the Holt Hill. During a storm in the South Atlantic, the ship was forced to put in at Rio de Janeiro — in the midst of a small pox epidemic and revolution — where repairs were made. Another storm on 13 November 1889 in the Indian Ocean caused the ship to run aground on an uninhabited, four- and-a-half-square-mile island now called Île Saint-Paul. They were rescued by the Coorong and taken to Adelaide, Australia. Lightoller joined the crew of the clipper ship Duke of Abercorn for his return to England.
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Chinese people
The term Chinese people may refer to any of the following:
Race (hereditary reasons), nationality, citizenship, place of residence (geographical factors), and ancestry (historical and genealogical factors) can be used to define someone as Chinese.
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Jonathan Aitken
Jonathan William Patrick Aitken (born 30 August 1942) is a former Conservative Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom for 24 years, and a former British government Cabinet minister. He was convicted of perjury in 1999 and received an 18-month prison sentence, of which he served seven months. He is currently president of Christian Solidarity Worldwide.
Aitken's parents were Sir William Aitken, a former Conservative MP, and Penelope Aitken, daughter of John Maffey, 1st Baron Rugby. Aitken is a great-nephew of newspaper magnate and war-time minister Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook (Lord Beaverbrook). His sister is the actress Maria Aitken and his nephew is the actor Jack Davenport. He is godfather to James Abbott, the son of Labour left-winger Diane Abbott.
In 1999, DNA testing confirmed that Petrina Khashoggi, daughter of billionaire arms dealer Adnan Khashoggi, was Aitken's biological child, the result of an affair with Soraya Khashoggi, née Sandra Daly, then wife of Adnan Khashoggi. His other children include twin daughters, Alexandra and Victoria Aitken, as well as his son William Aitken.
wn.com/Jonathan_Aitken -
Laura Sandys
Laura Jane Sandys (born 1964) is a British Conservative Party politician. She has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for South Thanet since the general election on 6 May 2010.
The daughter of Duncan Sandys (through his second marriage to Marie-Claire), Sandys was born in 1964 and christened on 17 July 1964 in the Crypt Chapel of the Palace of Westminster. Her father was a Member of Parliament, and later a life peer, who served as Defence Secretary in Harold Macmillan's government and was also the son-in-law of Winston Churchill (through his first marriage to Diana Churchill).
In the 1980s Sandys was a Director of Barter Group, an organisation doing business by exchange of goods or services rather than cash in the former Eastern Bloc. She moved on to lead the Parliamentary Unit at the Consumers' Association. Sandys has also worked in public relations; since 1992 she worked through Laura Sandys Associates, also known by its three letter acronym LSA. She later became Head of Communications at the Shopping Hours Reform Council, an organisation which promotes allowing shops to open on Sundays. She is also a journalist, also writing for newspapers, and a commentator appearing on television and radio on a wide range of issues, including urban development and the Iraq war. She contributed the opening chapter Paul Cornish's book The War in Iraq (October 2004).
wn.com/Laura_Sandys -
Moses Montefiore
Sir Moses Haim Montefiore, 1st Baronet, Kt (24 October 1784 – 28 July 1885) was one of the most famous British Jews of the 19th century. Montefiore was a financier, banker, philanthropist and Sheriff of London. He donated large sums of money to promote industry, education and health amongst the Jewish community in Palestine, including the founding of Mishkenot Sha'ananim in 1860, the first settlement of the New Yishuv. As President of the Board of Deputies of British Jews, his correspondence with the British consul in Damascus Charles Henry Churchill in 1841-42 is seen as pivotal to the development of Proto-Zionism.
Montefiore was born in Leghorn (Livorno in Italian), Italy in 1784. His grandfather, Moses Vita (Chaim) Montefiore had emigrated from Livorno to London in the 1740s, but retained close contact with the town, then famous for its straw bonnets. Montefiore was born while his parents, Joseph Elias Montefiore and his young wife Rachel, the daughter of Abraham Mocatta, a powerful bullion broker in London, were in the town on a business journey, their first child.
wn.com/Moses_Montefiore -
Stephen Ladyman
Stephen John Ladyman (born 6 November 1952) is a British Labour Party politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for South Thanet from 1997 until 2010.
He attended the Birkenhead Institute Grammar School for Boys (became the comprehensive Birkenhead Institute High School then closed in August 1993) on Tollemache Road in Claughton, before studying at Liverpool Polytechnic where he received a BSc in Applied Biology.
He did work placements at Rothamsted Experimental Station in Harpenden and at Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food in Liverpool, before studying for a PhD awarded by the University of Strathclyde for researching natural isotopic abundances of elements to enable prediction of soil development when at the Natural Environment Research Council's radiocarbon laboratory, in the Scottish Universities Research and Reactor Centre, East Kilbride.
He worked as a research scientist for the Medical Research Council (MRC) Radiobiology Unit at Harwell in Oxfordshire from 1979–85, where he researched the removal of radionuclides from lung tissue, before becoming Head of Computing for the Mathilda and Terence Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology in Charing Cross (now owned by Imperial College) from 1985–90, building computer systems for the Kennedy Institute (also part of Hammersmith Hospital), the Arthritis and Rheumatism Research Council and Charing Cross Sunley Research Centre. From 1990-1, he was an IT consultant at Pfizer Central Research in Sandwich, south Thanet, where Viagra was discovered, advising research scientists on the design of computer systems, before being working as Head of Computer User Support until 1997.
wn.com/Stephen_Ladyman
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Another Bomb Disposal Incident - Ramsgate East Cliff Beach - Tues 9th Oct 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:08
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
A Bomb Disposal team explode a mortar on Ramsgate East Cliff beach on Tuesday 9th Oct 2012. Apparently the bomb was found over a wall on the victorian steps down to the beach. This is the second bomb incident in 4 days in the area. The first was at Pegwell Bay on Saturday 6th Oct and was filmed in an earlier video. www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Another_Bomb_Disposal_Incident_Ramsgate_East_Cliff_Beach_Tues_9th_Oct_2012
The Song for Ramsgate
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:35
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
I'm heading home again to Ramsgate Our women have exquisite gams, mate Our students pass all their exams. Rate Ramsgate right at the table's top There's nowhere else around the planet As pretty as the Isle of Thanet I first drew breath there I'll die my death there There's nowhere else that can compare The people there are England's kindest Our sightless all of Europe's blindest The sea air's fragrant. We treat a vagrant As kindly as the Prince of Wales We've got the UK's finest beaches The poetess who visits reaches For words to praise our brilliance Our courage and resilience No words exist, though, that suffice We've got a picturesque marina And every local, be he cleaner Or banker loves to be here For there is no debris here The council sees to all of that I've been to Hong Kong and Geneva My travels made me a believer In Ramsgate's being the best Yes, I feel truly blessed To call this magic place my home
http://wn.com/The_Song_for_Ramsgate
Ramsgate Portas Pilot Town Bid
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:30
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
Ramsgate Arts have made this video on behalf of the Ramsgate Town Team bid to become a Portas Pilot Town. Ramsgate is a coastal town on the Isle of Thanet in Kent. Like many coastal towns, including the two other major towns in Thanet - Margate and Broadstairs - it has suffered the blight of vacant shops and a sickly high street over the past few years. Ramsgate is hoping to revitalise its town centre offering by creatively improving the link between its attractive Royal Harbour (the only Royal Harbour in the country) and stunning marina, along with the popular bars, cafes and restaurants on the seafront, to the high street. This is just one of the many imaginative initiatives we are proposing for the town. We have a strong Town Team in place, and full backing from our town centre retailers, town council, district council and other key stakeholders. Ramsgate Arts is a non-profit organisation made up of creative people who live in, and care about, our beautiful seaside town.
http://wn.com/Ramsgate_Portas_Pilot_Town_Bid
Ramsgate east cliff tunnels (Bottom)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:51
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
2011 trip
http://wn.com/Ramsgate_east_cliff_tunnels_Bottom
Ramsgate Harbour - 30th May 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:06
- Updated: 13 Oct 2012
Video from around Ramsgate Harbour
http://wn.com/Ramsgate_Harbour_30th_May_2012
Ramsgate Publicity Video 2008
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:30
- Updated: 07 Sep 2012
This video uses audio from an original 1971 Ramsgate publicity video, but footage from recent times. PLEASE VISIT MY WEBSITE: RAMSGATE-PLEASURAMA.WEEBLY.COM
http://wn.com/Ramsgate_Publicity_Video_2008
Skapegoat 24: More Ramsgate
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:45
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
another day at ramsgate skatepark
http://wn.com/Skapegoat_24_More_Ramsgate
Remains of Ramsgate Hoverport 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:34
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
A short video, taken on Saturday 13th August 2011 showing the remains of Ramsgate Hoverport / Hovercraft Terminal. The Hoverport was the home of four SRN4 Mk II Hovercraft which were owned by Hoverlloyd between 1968 and 1987 prior to its closure resulting from the merger of Seaspeed with Hoverlloyd to form HoverSpeed. The Hoverport had terminal buildings and an access road coming from just north of Cliff's End on the A256 Sandwich Road. The access road still exists today but is blocked off to traffic by a barrier. The site is accessible on foot from the road or from the nearby beaches and shows the Hovercraft landing pad, the approach markings, car park outlines, etc.
http://wn.com/Remains_of_Ramsgate_Hoverport_2011
Ramsgate/Margate/Broadstairs - Isle of Thanet Coastline in a Marlin II Hovercraft!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:57
- Updated: 26 Sep 2012
www.flyingfishhovercraft.co.uk 0044 (0) 1304 619820 A beautiful July evening and it was into the hovercraft for the trip home from Sandwich to Birchington, approximately 20 miles. Taking little over an hour cruising along, the Marlin used a gallon of petrol! A gorgeous sunset was ruined by seeing the Ghastly Turner Centre in Margate but... well, you can't have everyhting can you! Turner allegedly stated that 'The finest sunsets in Europe are to be found over the Isle of Thanet' but he'd probabaly have hoped the sun never rose again if he saw the 'Art Gallery' they named after him! Anyway - talking of Art, Flyin Fish make a range of 'Turn-key' personal hovercraft with an incredible heritage and sporting pedigree! Flying Fish Hovercraft have been developed over the course of more than a decade. The lightweight yet strong construction, beautiful engineering and intelligent design produces a craft which outperforms any other hovercraft in its class, whilst costing a fraction of imported (and in some cases, UK) manufactured hovercraft. Over 600 sold in 30 countries! Up to 45mph/70km/h over land or water with up to three people on board. Half the weight of plastic/HDPE hovercraft means easy steering, stopping and quick acceleration! Can be towed behind small car. One man launch/recovery Ideal flood response/search & recovery/medivac Hull construction - Glass reinforced plastic (fibreglass.) Protection - Two keel strips, perimeter aluminium strip. Fan protection - 2"/50mm guard ...
http://wn.com/Ramsgate_Margate_Broadstairs_Isle_of_Thanet_Coastline_in_a_Marlin_II_Hovercraft!
Ramsgate - Wiki Article
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 25:42
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
Ramsgate is a seaside town in the district of Thanet in east Kent, England. It was one of the great English seaside towns of the 19th century and is a member of the ancient confederation of Cinque Po... Ramsgate - Wiki Article - wikiplays.org Original @ http All Information Derived from Wikipedia using Creative Commons License: en.wikipedia.org Author: JackyR Image URL: en.wikipedia.org Licensed under:This image is ineligible for copyright and therefore is in the public domain, because it consists entirely of information that is common property and contains no original authorship., This work is in the Public Domain., This work is in the public domain in the United States. Author: William Powell Frith Image URL: en.wikipedia.org Licensed under:This image is ineligible for copyright and therefore is in the public domain, because it consists entirely of information that is common property and contains no original authorship., This work is in the Public Domain., This work is in the public domain in the United States. Author: Geni Image URL: en.wikipedia.org Licensed under:This image is ineligible for copyright and therefore is in the public domain, because it consists entirely of information that is common property and contains no original authorship., This work is in the Pub...
http://wn.com/Ramsgate_Wiki_Article
Ramsgate Round Table Children In Need 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:57
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
Ramsgate Round Table support Children In Need. On the 16/11/12, we collected at London Victoria Station, and on the 17/11/12, we collected at Westwood Cross. Here are a few of the pictures we took. We raised an incredible £3167.57 over the 2 days! If you want to be part of something amazing, get in touch.
http://wn.com/Ramsgate_Round_Table_Children_In_Need_2012
Joline leaves Ramsgate carrying four lorries full of sheep
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:01
- Updated: 24 Nov 2012
The river barge Joline leaves Ramsgate harbour with it's sad cargo of British sheep
http://wn.com/Joline_leaves_Ramsgate_carrying_four_lorries_full_of_sheep
The Thanet Anthem - Margate, Ramsgate & Broadstairs
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:08
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
Thanet Anthem - The original version had over 75000 views in 1 week back in June 2010. Lyrics; Welcome to a place where the best nightclub is escape, but its always shut. An art gallery that no one really even wants, opened by a slut. The pikey bumper cars replacing all the rides that got burnt down. The fact that woolworths probably owe there closure to this ugly town. So chill out on the beach and watch the asbo's break shit in Margate, Wasteman shithole, where dreams are trampled and robbed by the council, in Margate. high iq is under 32, get on the thanet loop, now your in Broadstairs..... Go down the dolphin if a broken nose is your idea of fun. feeling of de ja vu, the same band as last week, its EK1. All the emo kids that wanna slit there wrists cause they thinks it rocks. 3 schools in a row, but the kids cant go cause there in the docks. not sure i like what i see in the 2nd out of 3 im in Broadstairs Wasteman shithole, where dreams are trampled and robbed by the council, im still in Broadstairs, please get me out of here quickly cortina from Smiley, now im in Ramsgate Get out of the cab cant believe its just as bad, im just so bored. All these swanky bars and fancy drinks, that no one can afford. meant to be the best place to go out now, but its just a joke. cause everyone today has spent all there JSA on a ticket of coke. So Thanets all it seems, just a place of broken dreams this is Thanet. Wasteman shithole, where dreams are trampled and robbed by the council ...
http://wn.com/The_Thanet_Anthem_Margate,_Ramsgate_Broadstairs
Olympic Torch Ramsgate 2012 - extended version
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:58
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
Olympic Torch Ramsgate 2012 - extended version
http://wn.com/Olympic_Torch_Ramsgate_2012_extended_version
ramsgate beach 2012 bxuk
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:20
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
mahem on the beach
http://wn.com/ramsgate_beach_2012_bxuk
Ramsgate sheep destined for Festival of Eid
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:17
- Updated: 22 Oct 2012
Thousands of sheep transported through Ramsgate for the Festival of Eid.
http://wn.com/Ramsgate_sheep_destined_for_Festival_of_Eid
Beach Cross Ramsgate 20/10/2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:30
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
Beach Cross Ramsgate 20/10/2012 sand was deep and hard going for riders, sadley a poorly advertised event by the local council only a few posters the week before the event, Still a good turnout of riders with agood spirit
http://wn.com/Beach_Cross_Ramsgate_20_10_2012
Ramsgate bmx mix tape 2012 part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:32
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
part one of the 2012 mixtape with most of the local riders, part 2 to be released at Christmas, like subscribe and share
http://wn.com/Ramsgate_bmx_mix_tape_2012_part_1
portcast: Ramsgate - Carr & Roo tell all
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:36
- Updated: 16 Aug 2012
Josh Carr and Mark Ricciuto tell all on the Ramsgate incident, 10 years on from the infamous night, and the Showdown passion that led to it.
http://wn.com/portcast_Ramsgate_Carr_Roo_tell_all
PTV: The Ramsgate: 10 Years On
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:48
- Updated: 16 Aug 2012
Port Adelaide assistant coach Josh Carr reflects on the infamous incident at the Ramsgate Hotel in 2002 when Power and Crows players clashed following Showdown XI.
http://wn.com/PTV_The_Ramsgate_10_Years_On
Richborough/ Ramsgate cooling tower demolition 11/03/12
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:06
- Updated: 30 Aug 2012
skip to 2:14 excuse the shutter noise pictures:
http://wn.com/Richborough_Ramsgate_cooling_tower_demolition_11_03_12
Robert Calvert's Last Performance With Hawkwind - Ramsgate Marina Park, 28th May 1984
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 107:42
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
Lineup; Dave Brock, Harvey Bainbridge, Huw Lloyd Langton, Nik Turner, Clive Deamer, Dead Fred + special guest Robert Calvert in what would sadly be his last ever appearance with Hawkwind. Setlist; Coded Languages Angels Of Death Dragons And Fables Watching The Grass Grow Ghost Dance Born To Go Paranoia Ten Seconds Of Forever Waiting For Tomorrow Utopia Motorway City Ejection Uncle Sam's On Mars Brainstorm Sonic Attack Dust Of Time Brainstorm *Encore* The Right Stuff Spirit Of The Age Silver Machine Here's a review of the gig that I got from here: aural-innovations.com Hawkwind played an amazing one-off-gig at Ramsgate's Marina Park as special guest + top band at the end of a 3-day 'Battle Of The Bands' competition, with Nik Turner being the judge! It was all relatively un-promoted, and Robert Calvert joined the band for this one gig on the Southcoast, one of the best gigs I've witnessed in the past few years. Taking the stage at about 10pm and playing 'til well after midnight. They opened with 'Coded Languages' & 'Angels of Death'. Calvert was playing a small synth unit, dressed in black trenchcoat, red scarf and black beret, with Dave to the far right, thrashing out chords. Harvey Bainbridge and Huw Lloyd Langton were far-left keeping things together with drummer Clive, and Dead Fred was adjacent to Bob, playing a larger keyboard. He also played violin. Nik runs on, blasting sax through the monitors unaware that it's not coming out the PA Everyone carries on playing and ...
http://wn.com/Robert_Calvert's_Last_Performance_With_Hawkwind_Ramsgate_Marina_Park,_28th_May_1984
Saucy Burlesque Tour comes to Ramsgate
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:49
- Updated: 25 Nov 2012
Saucy Burlesque Act four lovely ladies on tour with Trixie's Show here at the Belgian Cafe Ramsgate 27th October 2012 and will be back here on 1st December 2012
http://wn.com/Saucy_Burlesque_Tour_comes_to_Ramsgate
photo: AP / Emilio Morenatti
22 Nov 2012
A new battle is underway in Pakistan with its powerful military front-and-centre, but the fight is not against armed insurgents or ideological extremists - this opponent is a muscle-flexing Supreme Court. For the first time in decades, the military's iron grip over the South Asian country has been challenged, and it remains to be seen if it will...(size: 23.7Kb)
photo: AP / Egyptian Presidency
23 Nov 2012
Opposition groups in Egypt have called for mass protests on Friday against President Mohammed Mursi's decree that gives him sweeping powers. They have described his move as a "coup against legitimacy" and accused the president of appointing himself Egypt's "new pharaoh". The decree states that the president's decisions cannot be revoked by any...(size: 4.6Kb)
photo: AP
23 Nov 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. I was fortunate to have been raised near an American Indian archaeological spot located on the Great Plains. In elementary school, a fellow classmate would periodically bring and show grinding stones, arrow- and spearheads, stone farming implements, and pictures of what the excavated site may have...(size: 7.1Kb)
photo: WN / Ahmed Deeb
23 Nov 2012
Israel and Hamas are seeking to solidify an Egyptian and US-brokered cease-fire halting eight days of aerial assaults that ravaged the Gaza Strip and made Tel Aviv a missile target. Announcing the truce in Cairo last night alongside Egypt's foreign minister, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton promised U.S. assistance in seeking to "improve...(size: 5.4Kb)
photo: AP / Mohammed Asad
24 Nov 2012
Cairo. President Mohamed Morsi insisted on Friday that Egypt is on the path to “freedom and democracy” after granting himself sweeping powers, which sparked clashes between his supporters and foes and raised concerns abroad. “Political stability, social stability and economic stability are what I want and that is what I am working for,” he told a...(size: 4.8Kb)
The Guardian
22 Nov 2012
David Heath summoned by MPs after livestock endured 'absolute misery' in stormy Channel crossing from Ramsgate...(size: 6.3Kb)
BBC News
22 Nov 2012
A ferry carrying about 700 sheep which had to return to Kent because of stormy weather in the Channel should not have been allowed to sail, an MP has said. Sir Roger Gale told the Commons the sheep on the vessel had a further journey after their return to Ramsgate and suffered "absolute misery". He called for an environment minister to make a...(size: 2.3Kb)
BBC News
22 Nov 2012
Chris Poole captures the calm after the storm in Othery, Somerset. Further heavy rain and strong winds were predicted for Thursday after downpours in the West Country on Wednesday. This photograph from Dave Burrows suggests kayak was the best way to negotiate the roads of Cullompton in Devon. Elsewhere in the county, 20 homes were evacuated after...(size: 3.4Kb)
BBC News
22 Nov 2012
Heavy rain and severe winds are battering parts of the UK, following Wednesday's downpours and floods. Flooding has led to homes and businesses being evacuated and there is major road and rail disruption. More than 80 flood warnings are in place, mainly in south-west England and the Midlands, with 179 flood alerts across England and Wales. Gale...(size: 9.1Kb)
BBC News
22 Nov 2012
Hundreds of sheep being exported from Kent have had a longer than planned journey because a ferry in the Channel had to turn round due to bad weather. The Jolene, with about 700 sheep on board, returned to the port of Ramsgate in strong winds and rain on Wednesday. The animals were taken off in two lorries, watched by angry protesters who had...(size: 2.6Kb)
The Independent
22 Nov 2012
Q The Independent referred to the return of commercial flights, to Amsterdam, at the former RAF air base at Manston. I was down that way in the summer and agog at the size of the airfield. Given it wouldn't be difficult to link it via the High Speed One rail link or the M2, there is obviously a good reason why Manston is never mentioned as a...(size: 2.5Kb)
BBC News
17 Nov 2012
Campaigners against live exports from the Port of Ramsgate have staged a demonstration outside Kent Police headquarters in Maidstone. The protesters handed in a letter addressed to the county's new police and crime commissioner, Ann Barnes, urging her to look at the way the force...(size: 1.8Kb)
Independent online (SA)
16 Nov 2012
Six men were sentenced in the Ramsgate High Court on Wednesday to life for murder and 12 years each for attempted murder. The men were accused of the November 2007 killings of a pensioner and two Fidelity Guards security officers who were escorting a Cash...(size: 1.7Kb)
Independent online (SA)
16 Nov 2012
LEBOGANG SEALE THE level of political violence, intimidation and threats seems higher in the run-up to the ANC’s Mangaung conference than it was before the conference in Polokwane in 2007. Rival party members have been involved in several acts of violence, including fisticuffs, brawls and gun-toting. Such has been the violent nature of the...(size: 4.3Kb)
BBC News
15 Nov 2012
A woman from Kent who left her handbag at a bus stop has appealed for the return of a remote control which helps prevent excruciating pain. Shelagh Deverson, from...(size: 1.1Kb)
Independent online (SA)
14 Nov 2012
KwaZulu-Natal - Six KwaZulu-Natal men were sentenced to three life sentences each by the Ramsgate High Court on Wednesday for robbing a pensioner paypoint. Colonel Vincent Mdunge said they shot dead two Fidelity guards and a pensioner in Hibberdene. “(They) stole a Nissan Sani...(size: 1.9Kb)
BBC News
11 Nov 2012
A boat that was used to evacuate stranded soldiers from the beaches of Dunkirk in World War II has failed to sell on the auction website eBay. The 30ft (9m) vessel, Anne, was one of the "little...(size: 1.3Kb)
Independent online (SA)
08 Nov 2012
Two people accused of robbing patrons at gunpoint in five pubs near Port Shepstone were refused bail by the Pietermaritzburg High Court on Wednesday....(size: 1.0Kb)
For other uses, see Ramsgate (disambiguation).
Coordinates: 51°20′38″N 1°24′15″E / 51.343910°N 1.404030°E / 51.343910; 1.404030
| Ramsgate | |
 The Royal Harbour |
|
 Ramsgate
Ramsgate shown within Kent |
|
| Population | 39,639 (2001 Census) |
|---|---|
| OS grid reference | TR382648 |
| Civil parish | Ramsgate |
| District | Thanet |
| Shire county | Kent |
| Region | South East |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | RAMSGATE |
| Postcode district | CT11 |
| Dialling code | 01843 |
| Police | Kent |
| Fire | Kent |
| Ambulance | South East Coast |
| EU Parliament | South East England |
| UK Parliament | South Thanet |
| List of places: UK • England • Kent | |
Ramsgate is a seaside town in the district of Thanet in east Kent, England. It was one of the great English seaside towns of the 19th century and is a member of the ancient confederation of Cinque Ports. It has a population of around 40,000. Ramsgate's main attraction is its coastline and its main industries are tourism and fishing. The town has one of the largest marinas on the English south coast and Port of Ramsgate has provided cross channel ferries for many years.
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of Ramsgate
Ramsgate began as a fishing and farming hamlet. Ramsgate as a name has its earliest reference as "Hraefn's gate", or "raven's cliff gap",[1][2][3] later to be rendered 'Ramisgate' or 'Remmesgate' around 1225 and 'Ramesgate' from 1357. The legendary mercenaries Hengest and Horsa landed in the 5th century to herald the pagan Anglo-Saxon age in England. The Christian missionary St. Augustine landed in Ramsgate in 597 which re-established the link between England and the Christian church in Rome.
Ramsgate's harbour is a defining characteristic of the town. The construction of Ramsgate Harbour began in 1749 and was completed in about 1850. The Harbour has the unique distinction of being the only Royal Harbour in the United Kingdom. Because of its proximity to mainland Europe, Ramsgate was a chief embarkation point both during the Napoleonic Wars and for the Dunkirk evacuation in 1940.
In 1901, the Isle of Thanet saw the introduction of an electric tram service which was one of the few inter-urban tramways in Britain. The towns of Ramsgate, Margate and Broadstairs were linked by 11 miles of track.
In 1915-1916 early aircraft began to use the open farmlands at Manston as a site for emergency landings. The location near the Kent coast gave Manston some advantages over the other previously established aerodromes. During the first World War, Ramsgate was the target of bombing raids by Zeppelin airships. By 1917 the Royal Flying Corps was well established and taking an active part in the defence of England. As RAF Manston the aerodrome played an important role in the second World War and is now called Kent International Airport.
Geography[link]
Ramsgate is located 78 miles from central London in an East South Easterly direction at one of the most Easterly points of the country (the furthest point east is Lowestoft in Suffolk). Ramsgate has its own meridian line and Mean Time which is 5 minutes 41 seconds ahead of Greenwich Mean Time. Ramsgate is about 1 hour from the M25.
The town is now the amalgamation of two settlements. One is the fishing community based on the coast in the shallow valley between two chalk cliffs and the other a farming community inland that is now the Parish of St. Lawrence. The cliffs are now known as the East Cliff and the West Cliff and are predominantly residential areas. There are promenades along both cliff tops with parks at either end and sand beaches on the coast.
Climate[link]
Ramsgate experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb) as is typical in the United Kingdom; the nearest Met Office weather station for which data is available is Manston airport, about 2 miles west of the town centre.
The absolute maximum temperature attained is 34.6c(94.3f)[4] set in August 2003, though typically the warmest day of the year averages out at 28.5c(83.3f)[5] and 8.8 days[6] will record a temperature of 25.1c(77.2f) or above.
The absolute minimum temperature stands at -14.5c(5.9f),[7] set in February 1986, though typically the coldest night of the year averages -6.2c(20.8f).[8] A total of 28.9 days[9] of the year should record an air frost.
Rainfall averages around 550mm[10] per year, a level similar to the driest parts of England. Over 1mm of rain can be expected on 102.9 days.[11] All averages refer to the 1971-00 period.
Being close to the coast, and in Southern England, sunshine compares favourably with most of the United Kingdom, at over 1700 hours[12] a year. Only the Sussex coast tends to be notably sunnier, although much of the remainder of the south coast receives a similar amount of sunshine as Ramsgate.
| Climate data for Manston, elevation 49m, 1971-2000, extremes 1960- | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.4 (61.5) |
16.8 (62.2) |
20.2 (68.4) |
25.0 (77.0) |
29.6 (85.3) |
31.2 (88.2) |
31.4 (88.5) |
34.6 (94.3) |
29.6 (85.3) |
24.9 (76.8) |
18.0 (64.4) |
15.9 (60.6) |
34.6 (94.3) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 7.1 (44.8) |
7.2 (45.0) |
9.8 (49.6) |
11.8 (53.2) |
15.5 (59.9) |
18.5 (65.3) |
21.1 (70.0) |
21.5 (70.7) |
18.6 (65.5) |
14.6 (58.3) |
10.4 (50.7) |
8.2 (46.8) |
13.69 (56.65) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 1.9 (35.4) |
1.7 (35.1) |
3.3 (37.9) |
4.9 (40.8) |
8.0 (46.4) |
10.7 (51.3) |
13.2 (55.8) |
13.4 (56.1) |
11.3 (52.3) |
8.4 (47.1) |
4.7 (40.5) |
3.1 (37.6) |
7.05 (44.69) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −12 (10) |
−14.5 (5.9) |
−6 (21) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
0.9 (33.6) |
6.4 (43.5) |
5.4 (41.7) |
2.2 (36.0) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
−6 (21) |
−8.8 (16.2) |
−14.5 (5.9) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 45.32 (1.7843) |
30.95 (1.2185) |
37.90 (1.4921) |
41.04 (1.6157) |
39.85 (1.5689) |
46.65 (1.8366) |
39.34 (1.5488) |
39.54 (1.5567) |
59.27 (2.3335) |
64.76 (2.5496) |
59.08 (2.326) |
51.00 (2.0079) |
554.72 (21.8394) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 62.55 | 80.33 | 118.96 | 171.51 | 222.17 | 216.47 | 222.08 | 226.80 | 157.88 | 119.06 | 75.01 | 52.6 | 1,722.02 |
| Source no. 1: YR.NO[13] | |||||||||||||
| Source no. 2: KNMI[14] | |||||||||||||
Governance[link]
Ramsgate is in the parliamentary constituency of Thanet South represented by Conservative MP Laura Sandys who won the seat in the 2010 general election.
Before 6 May 2010 the MP was Stephen Ladyman a senior Labour minister, preceded by Jonathan Aitken.
Ramsgate was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1884. This was abolished in 1974, since which date Ramsgate has been within the Thanet local government district. The town contains the seven electoral wards of Central Harbour, Cliffsend and Pegwell, Eastcliff, Nethercourt, Newington, Northwood, and Sir Moses Montefiore. These wards have seventeen of the fifty-six seats on the Thanet District Council; as of 2011 fifteen of those seats were held by Labour and two by the Conservatives [15]
Following a successful campaign by local activist Gerry O'Donnell, a Ramsgate Town Council was established in June 2009.[citation needed] The Town Mayor of Ramsgate is currently Cllr David Green.[16]
Economy[link]
Ramsgate's main industries are tourism and fishing. The town has a thriving marina with over 800 moorings and a range of marine-related businesses that operate in premises in the renovated arches under Royal Parade. The town caters for students of EFL (English as a foreign language) at its colleges.
Although Ramsgate has the most valuable fish landings in Kent (~£700,000 in 2003), the fishing industry is in decline.[17]
Port of Ramsgate has provided cross channel ferries for many years. Previously Sally Ferries UK provided a service of passenger and car ferries to Dunkirk. Currently a service of freight and car is provided to Oostende by the company Transeuropa Ferries.
Unemployment for Thanet is higher (4.1%) than the national average (2.5%).[18]
There is some light industry in the town. An emerging industry is power generation, with 800 jobs expected to be created by the Thanet offshore wind project, a wind farm just off the coast.
Ramsgate Market is held in High Street, King Street and Queen Street every Friday and Saturday between 8a.m. and 4p.m.[19]
Demographics[link]
| Ramsgate Compared | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 UK Census | Ramsgate | Thanet District | England |
| Total population | 39,639 | 126,702 | 49,138,831 |
| Foreign born | 4.4% | 5.1% | 9.2% |
| White | 98% | 98% | 91% |
| Asian | 0.7% | 0.6% | 4.6% |
| Black | 0.3% | 0.3% | 2.3% |
| Christian | 72% | 74% | 72% |
| Muslim | 0.3% | 0.5% | 3.1% |
| Hindu | 0.1% | 0.2% | 1.1% |
| No religion | 18% | 16% | 15% |
| Over 65 years old | 18% | 22% | 16% |
As of the 2001 UK census, Ramsgate had a population of 39,639.[20]
The ethnicity of the town was 98.0% white, 0.8% mixed race, 0.3% black, 0.3% Chinese, 0.4% other Asian and 0.1% other ethnicity.[20]
The place of birth of residents was 95.6% United Kingdom, 0.7% Republic of Ireland, 0.6% Germany, 0.6% other Western Europe countries, 0.3% Eastern Europe, 0.6% Far East, 0.5% Africa, 0.3% North America, 0.3% South Asia, 0.2% Middle East, 0.2% Oceania and 0.1% South America[20]
Religion was recorded as 71.6% Christian, 0.3% Muslim, 0.1% Hindu, 0.3% Buddhist, 0.1% Sikh and 0.1% Jewish. 17.9% were recorded as having no religion, 0.3% had an alternative religion and 7.1% didn't state their religion.[20]
For every 100 females, there were 91.2 males. The age distribution was 6% aged 0–4 years, 16% aged 5–15 years, 5% aged 16–19 years, 31% aged 20–44 years, 24% aged 45–64 years and 18% aged 65 years and over.[20]
Culture[link]
Tourism[link]
Ramsgate's main attraction is its coastline, particularly Ramsgate Main Sands, which has been awarded a 2012 Blue Flag. [21]
The local council publishes a website specifically aimed at tourists visiting Ramsgate and neighbouring towns.[22]
The previous prime seafront site which was Ramsgate pleasure park is currently undergoing major redevelopment.[23]
Ramsgate has developed a continental cafe style culture with bars and restaurants on its seafront parade.[citation needed]
There is an annual Powerboat Grand Prix event based out of the harbour of Ramsgate during the summer. Ramsgate carnival is an annual parade also during the summer.[24] Other events include the annual Addington Street Fair and the French Market.[citation needed]
Sports[link]
Thanet Wanderers is the island's only rugby team, which has enjoyed recent success at London Division 1 level and achieved its best result in defeating Doncaster at Twickenham in the final of the intermediate cup in 1997. The club runs five senior sides and many junior teams. The sides play at St Peters. Ramsgate's main football club, Ramsgate F.C., plays in the Isthmian League Premier Division. The main local rivals of the club are Margate F.C. who are situated 4 miles away. When the two teams meet, it is known as the Thanet derby. Ramsgate have achieved The FA’s Charter Standard "Development" award. Ramsgate also run a Reserves Team which plays in Kent Football League Second Division, a women's team which plays in South East Counties Women's League Kent County Division.
Ramsgate F.C. also run five main youth teams, under-13 to under-18 all feature in the Valley Express Kent Youth League and also run Ramsgate Youth U7 to U16 who play in The Molten East Kent Youth League; two other popular youth teams who are based in Ramsgate are Trinity & Hugin Vikings both also play in The Molten East Kent Youth League.
Thanet Galaxy is a Pan Disability Football Club. They provide structured coaching for male and female footballers of all ages who qualify within the nationally and internationally recognised Pan Disability categories they Train at Chatham House Grammar School and play in Kent Disability Football League, They play and train in three age bands: U-11, U-16, 16+. In their first season, 2008/2009, the Adult A Team won the Kent Disability League Adult Championship.
Ramsgate's sports facilities include a public swimming pool,[25][26] a fitness centre[27] with gym and sports hall. Tennis clubs can be found at Spencer square and St. Laurence. Ramsgate has three golf clubs: St. Augustines,[28] Stonelees,[29] and Manston.[30] Being a harbour town, there is also a sailing club - The Royal Temple Yacht Club. The Royal Temple Yacht Club is steeped in yacht racing history, and hosts racing throughout the year for a variety of historic trophies. The highlight of the season is the annual international sailing regatta - 'Ramsgate Week', usually held in August.[31]
Arts and local media[link]
The Gallery IOTA (Isle Of Thanet Arts) was based on the towns west cliff but is now on the harbour front.[32] Ramsgate Maritime Museum near the harbour quayside has exhibits showing the evolution of Ramsgate Harbour and East Kent maritime history. One of Ramsgate's cinema and theatre is Granville Cinema, situated on Victoria Parade, in the town's Eastcliff area. There is also the Kings Theatre situated near the town centre offering shows, community events and Seniors club Every Monday. Old Ramsgate Talk are frenquently held there.
Ramsgate has two paid for newspapers, the Isle of Thanet Gazette and Thanet Times which are owned by Northcliffe Media.[33] Free newspapers for the town include the Thanet Extra, part of the KM Group; and yourthanet, part of KOS Media.
Local radio stations are KMFM Thanet, owned by the KM Group, community radio station Academy FM (Thanet); and the county-wide stations Heart Kent, Gold and BBC Radio Kent. Thanet Community Radio (TCR [34] offer an online arts and features based service for Thanet District and the surrounding area where people can listen to pod-casts of local interest. The service works closely with Dover district based Dover Community Radio.
Landmarks[link]
The Hugin is a reconstructed Viking longship located at Pegwell Bay in Ramsgate. It was a gift from the Danish government in commemoration of the 1500th anniversary of the arrival of Hengist and Horsa to the country in 449.
Architecture[link]
Main article: Historic Buildings in Ramsgate
Many buildings in Ramsgate are of Regency and Victorian architecture. There are 900 listed buildings in the town with more than 200 surrounding the Marina.[35] One of the town's most notable buildings is the 18th century Townley House designed by Mary Townley.[36]
The town has three notable churches. The first building used for worship in the Thanet parish of 'St Lawrence' was at St Laurence-in-Thanet, built in 1062 and rebuilt during the following centuries with the most significant changes being in the 16th century. Note the difference in spelling between that of the village of St Lawrence and the church, which is dedicated to the Roman Martyr, Laurence.
The second notable church is St Augustine's, which is situated on the town's westcliff. Considered one of the most august and distinct surviving it was designed by Augustus Pugin in 1847 in the neo-Gothic style. Its dedication commemorates Augustine, the first Archbishop of Canterbury, who landed at Ramsgate in AD 597 bringing Christianity to Britain. In March 2012 the church was designated a shrine of St. Augustine of Canterbury; this ended a five-century absence of a shrine to St. Augustine as the original (at St. Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury) was destroyed during the Reformation.
Thirdly, the town's Parish Church of St George is situated just off the town's High Street. Its lantern tower was added at the request of Trinity House as a navigational aid to passing ships and looks over the town. The ground was consecrated on 23 October 1827.
St Augustine's is part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Southwark, whilst St Laurence and St George are both Church of England, and serve the Anglican community as part of the Diocese of Canterbury. Christ Church [1] built in 1847 also serves the Anglican community.
Ramsgate library was originally built and paid for by Andrew Carnegie in 1904. On the evening of Friday 13 August 2004 a fire destroyed Ramsgate library just two months short of its 100th anniversary. Though suspicions were raised as to what started the fire due to a similarly timed fire at the towns registry office, an investigation concluded that the blaze was too intense to pinpoint where and how the fire started.
Shortly after the blaze, planning permission was granted for a new library. The library has now been fully restored, and was officially re-opened on 20 February 2009. [2]
Transport[link]
By sea[link]
Main article: Port of Ramsgate
The Port of Ramsgate has a 700 berth marina, Royal Harbour Marina, and a ferry terminal built on reclaimed land. The harbour provides shelter from the effect of storms. The Goodwin Sands are nearby. In 2005, the marina had 12,000 visiting boats.[citation needed] Transeuropa Ferries passenger (with vehicle only) and freight ferries now sail to the Port of Ostend in Ostend, Belgium. The Port of Ramsgate has its own road access tunnel from outside of the town, avoiding town centre congestion. The RNLI Ramsgate Lifeboat Station is based in Ramsgate Harbour.
By road[link]
Ramsgate is connected to the national road network primarily through the A299 Thanet Way which continues onto the M2/A2 for the M25 (approx 1 hour) and London. The A256 provides a link to Dover and onwards onto the A20 for the Channel Tunnel. Bus services are provided by Stagecoachbus' "Thanet Loop" scheme.
By rail[link]
Main article: Ramsgate railway station
Ramsgate railway station is situated at the top of the town near the parish of St Lawrence.
A new high-speed service to London started in December 2009, running on High Speed 1 (HS1), the UK’s first high speed rail line, between London’s St. Pancras station and Kent. The journey time from Ramsgate to the new St. Pancras terminal, with excellent transport links, is 1 hour and 16 minutes.[37]
Other trains run from Ramsgate to London Charing Cross and London Victoria. Commuting time to the capital on these lines is approximately 1 hour 50 minutes.
Trains from Ramsgate pass via Margate, Chatham and Bromley South, or via Canterbury West or Dover Priory and Ashford International. Ramsgate railway station is operated by Southeastern.
By air[link]
Main article: Ramsgate Airport
A municipal airport was opened on 1 July 1935, operating until the Second World War broke out in 1939. Following a short spell as a satellite of RAF Manston, it closed in 1940. The airport was re-opened in 1952 and operated until closure in 1968.
Main article: Kent International Airport
The town is situated directly under the flight path of Kent International Airport at Manston. From September 2004 to August 2005 a low-cost airline EUjet operated frequent flights to many European destinations, replacing a large freight operator. However, flights were suspended after the collapse of its parent company, PlaneStation Group plc.[38]
Manston was sold to Infratil (owner of Glasgow Prestwick International Airport) on 26 August 2005. As of 2012, Flybe operates flights from the airport to Edinburgh and Belfast and is regularly used by freight operators such as Cargolux and Meridian.
Education[link]
Infant schools
- Dame Janet Infant School
- Ellington Infants School
- Priory Infants School
Junior schools
- Christ Church C Of E Junior School
- Dame Janet Junior School
- St Ethelbert's R C Junior Mixed & Infants School
- St Laurence-in-Thanet CE Junior School
Primary schools
- Newington Community Primary School.
- Newlands Primary School
- Chilton County Primary School
Secondary schools
- Chatham House Grammar School
- Clarendon House Grammar School
- Ellington High School
- The Marlowe Academy
- St Lawrence College
The Marlowe academy failed the 30% GCSE target.[39][40]
Colleges and further education
- Ramsgate's nearest college is Thanet College. This is situated in the nearby town of Broadstairs. There is also a campus for Canterbury Christ Church University which is situated in Broadstairs which is within very easy reach of Ramsgate.
2012 London Olympics - Torch relay in Ramsgate[link]
The Olympic Torch arrives in Ramsgate on Thursday 19th July 2012. Here are the estimated times of arrival for the main areas: Cliffsend: 09:47, St. Lawrence: 09:57, Ramsgate: 10:13. After Ramsgate, the torch then travels to Broadstairs, then Margate, etc.
Affiliations[link]
Twin cities/towns:
See also[link]
These are internal links associated with Ramsgate
-
-
-
- The Grange, Ramsgate Home of the Victorian architect and designer August Pugin.
- Montefiore Synagogue Private synagogue of Sir Moses Montefiore.
- Townley House Queen Victoria used to stay here on summer holidays as a child.
- Chatham House Grammar School Founded in 1797 as a boarding school by William Humble
-
-
- Ramsgate Maritime Museum Situated in the Clock House in Ramsgate harbour.
-
- ST Cervia (1946 Tugboat) The Steam Tug (ST) Cervia was originally named Empire Raymond.
- Sundowner (yacht) Motor yacht owned by Charles Lightoller, 2nd Officer of RMS Titanic.
- Ramsgate lifeboat station Provides an inshore boat and an offshore boat.
- Ramsgate F.C. Football team based in Ramsgate.
- List of people from Thanet#Ramsgate
-
Notes[link]
- ^ Concise Dictonary World place names, Oxford Uni. Press: 2005
- ^ A Dictonary of British Place names 2003: A.D Mills
- ^ encyclopedia.com: OED etymology of "raven"
- ^ "2003 Maximum". http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=14&year=2003&indexid=TXx&stationid=1862. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
- ^ "Annual average warmest day". http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=TXx&stationid=1862. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
- ^ "Average >25c days". http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=FD&stationid=1862. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
- ^ "1986 Minimum". http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=8&year=1986&indexid=TNn&stationid=1862. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
- ^ "Annual average coldest night". http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=TNn&stationid=1862. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
- ^ "Air frost average". http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=FD&stationid=1862. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
- ^ "Annual average rainfall". http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=RR&stationid=1862. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
- ^ "Annual average raindays". http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=RR1&stationid=1862. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
- ^ "1971-00 Sunshine". http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=SS&stationid=1862. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
- ^ "Climate Normals 1971–2000". YR.NO. August 2011. http://www.yr.no/place/United_Kingdom/England/Margate/statistics.html. Retrieved 01 mar 2011.
- ^ "Climate Normals 1971–2000". KNMI. http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/mapserver/climatology.php?indexcat=**&indexid=**&periodidselect=1971-2000&seasonid=0&scalelogidselect=no&CMD=ZOOM_IN#bottom. Retrieved 01 mar 2011.
- ^ "Council & Democracy". Thanet District Council. http://tdc-mg-dmz.thanet.gov.uk/mgMemberIndex.aspx?FN=PARTY&VW=LIST&PIC=0. Retrieved 2011-07-27.
- ^ Contact the Mayor
- ^ http://www.coastalkent.net/data/fact/document/Fisheries.pdf
- ^ "Unemployment figures for February 2006, Thanet District Council". Archived from the original on 2006-09-27. http://web.archive.org/web/20060927080904/http://www.thanet.gov.uk/business/unemployment_figures.aspx. Retrieved 2006-12-08.
- ^ http://www.thanet.gov.uk/council__democracy/thanet_fact_file/markets.aspx thanet.gov.uk
- ^ a b c d e "Neighbourhood Statistics". Statistics.gov.uk. http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadHome.do;jsessionid=ac1f930bce6a711447e60ba4446bb56c21648d42c51.e38PbNqOa3qRe38OaNeKahqMai1ynknvrkLOlQzNp65In0?bhcp=1. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
- ^ Keep Britain Tidy - Blue Flag Awards
- ^ Welcome to Thanet: Broadstairs, Ramsgate and Margate
- ^ Royal Sands Marina Esplanade, Ramsgate
- ^ Ramsgate Carnival
- ^ Ramsgate swimming pool is around 30 years old and will be rebuilt
- ^ http://www.leisureforce.co.uk/indoor/ramsgate_swim/facilities/default.asp
- ^ http://www.leisureforce.co.uk/indoor/ramsgate_sports/facilities/default.asp
- ^ St. Augustines Golf Club
- ^ Stonelees Golf Club
- ^ Manston Golf Club
- ^ Ramsgate Yacht Club
- ^ Gallery IOTA
- ^ http://www.northcliffemedia.co.uk/our-regions/south-east
- ^ http://www.thanetcommunityradio.co.uk
- ^ Ramsgate Focus
- ^ Paul Nettleingham, "Townley House in Ramsgate", Michaels Bookshop Ramsgate. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
- ^ Southeastern 2009 - your journey starts here : Home
- ^ "Airline goes into administration". BBC News. 26 July 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/kent/4717881.stm. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ "Schools below 30% GCSE target". BBC News. 9 June 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/7444059.stm. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ "BBC News, School league tables 2007, Kent LA". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/education/07/school_tables/secondary_schools/html/886_6906.stm. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
Bibliography[link]
- Martin Easdown, A Fateful Finger of Iron: The Story of the Ill-fated Ramsgate Promenade Pier Within a Resort History of the Town, Michaels Bookshop (Jul 2006), ISBN 1-905477-65-1
- Bob Simmonds, Ramsgate From the Ground: An Alternative Look at the Town and Its History, Michaels Bookshop (April 2006), ISBN 1-905477-47-3
External links[link]
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For other uses, see Round Table (disambiguation).
"Knights of the Round Table" redirects here. For the 1953 film, see Knights of the Round Table (film). For the song, see Knights of the Round Table (Monty Python song).
| Round Table | |
|---|---|
 King Arthur presides at the Round Table with all of his Knights. |
|
| Plot element from Arthurian legend | |
| First appearance | Roman de Brut |
| Created by | Wace |
| Genre | Fantasy |
| In-story information | |
| Type | Fictional table |
| Element of stories featuring | King Arthur |
The Round Table is King Arthur's famed table in the Arthurian legend, around which he and his Knights congregate. As its name suggests, it has no head, implying that everyone who sits there has equal status. The table was first described in 1155 by Wace, who relied on previous depictions of Arthur's fabulous retinue. The symbolism of the Round Table developed over time; by the close of the 12th century it had come to represent the chivalric order associated with Arthur's court, the Knights of the Round Table.
Contents |
History[link]
The Round Table first appears in Wace's Roman de Brut, a Norman language adaptation of Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae finished in 1155. Wace says Arthur created the Round Table to prevent quarrels among his barons, none of whom would accept a lower place than the others.[1] Layamon added to the story when he adapted Wace's work into the Middle English Brut in the early 13th century, saying that the quarrel between Arthur's vassals led to violence at a Yuletide feast. In response a Cornish carpenter built an enormous but easily transportable Round Table to prevent further dispute.[1] Wace claims he was not the source of the Round Table; both he and Layamon credit it instead to the Bretons. Some scholars have doubted this claim, while others believe it may be true.[1] There is some similarity between the chroniclers' description of the Round Table and a custom recorded in Celtic stories, in which warriors sit in a circle around the king or lead warrior, in some cases feuding over the order of precedence as in Layamon.[1] There is a possibility that Wace, contrary to his own claims, derived Arthur's round table not from any Breton source, but rather from medieval biographies of Charlemagne—notably Einhard's Vita Caroli and Notker the Stammerer's De Carolo Magno—in which the king is said to have possessed a round table decorated with a map of Rome.[2]
Though the Round Table itself is not mentioned until Wace, the concept of Arthur having a marvellous court made up of many prominent warriors is much older. Geoffrey of Monmouth says that after establishing peace throughout Britain, Arthur "increased his personal entourage by inviting very distinguished men from far-distant kingdoms to join it."[3] The code of chivalry so important in later romance figures in as well, as Geoffrey says Arthur established "such a code of courtliness in his household that he inspired peoples living far away to imitate him."[3] Long before Geoffrey, Arthur's court was well known to Welsh storytellers; in the romance Culhwch and Olwen, written around 1100, the protagonist Culhwch invokes the names of 225 individuals affiliated with Arthur.[4] In fact, the fame of Arthur's entourage became so prominent in Welsh tradition that in the later additions to the Welsh Triads, the formula "Arthur's Court" in the titles of the triads began to supersede the older "Island of Britain" formula.[5] Though the code of chivalry crucial to later continental romances dealing with the Round Table is mostly absent from the earlier Welsh material, some passages of Culhwch and Olwen seem to prefigure it, for instance when Arthur explains the ethos of his court, saying "[w]e are nobles as long as we are sought out: the greater the bounty we may give, the greater our nobility, fame and honour."[6]
Though no Round Table appears in the early Welsh texts, Arthur is associated with various items of household furniture. The earliest of these is Saint Carannog's mystical floating altar in that saint's 12th century Vita; in the story Arthur has found the altar and attempts unsuccessfully to use it for a table, and returns it to Carannog in exchange for the saint ridding the land of a meddlesome dragon.[7] Arthur's household furniture figures into local topographical folklore throughout Britain as early as the early 12th century, with various landmarks being named "Arthur's Seat", "Arthur's Oven," and "Arthur's Bed-chamber."[8] A henge at Eamont Bridge near Penrith, Cumbria is known as "King Arthur's Round Table".[9] The still-visible Roman amphitheatre at Caerleon has been associated with the Round Table[10] and has been suggested as a possible source for the legend.[11]
In 2010, following archaeological discoveries at the Roman ruins in Chester, some writers suggested that the Chester Roman Amphitheatre was the true prototype of the Round Table[12] but English Heritage, acting as consultants to a History Channel documentary in which the claim was made, declared that there was no archaeological basis to the story.[13]
Later development[link]
The Round Table takes on new dimensions in the romances of the late 12th and early 13th century, where it becomes a symbol of the famed order of chivalry which flourishes under Arthur. In Robert de Boron's Merlin, written around the 1190s, the wizard Merlin creates the Round Table in imitation of the table of the Last Supper and of Joseph of Arimathea's Holy Grail table. This table, here made for Arthur's father Uther Pendragon rather than Arthur himself, has twelve seats and one empty place to mark the betrayal of Judas. This seat must remain empty until the coming of the knight who will achieve the Grail. The Didot Perceval, a prose continuation of Robert's work, takes up the story, and the knight Percival sits in the seat and initiates the Grail quest.[1]
The prose cycles of the 13th century, the Lancelot-Grail cycle and the Post-Vulgate Cycle, further adapt the chivalric attributes of the Round Table. Here it is the perfect knight Galahad, rather than Percival, who assumes the empty seat, now called the Siege Perilous. Galahad's arrival marks the start of the Grail quest as well as the end of the Arthurian era.[1] In these works the Round Table is kept by King Leodegrance of Cameliard after Uther's death; Arthur inherits it when he marries Leodegrance's daughter Guinevere. Other versions treat the Round Table differently, for instance Italian Arthurian works often distinguish between the "Old Table" of Uther's time and Arthur's "New Table."[14]
Round Table tournaments[link]
Main article: Round Table (tournament)
During the Middle Ages, festivals called Round Tables were celebrated throughout Europe in imitation of Arthur's court. These events featured jousting, dancing, and feasting, and in some cases attending knights assumed the identities of Arthur's knights.[15] The earliest of these was held in Cyprus in 1223 to celebrate a knighting. Round Tables were popular in various European countries through the rest of the Middle Ages and were at times very elaborate; René of Anjou even erected an Arthurian castle for his 1446 Round Table.[15] On 19 December 1566, in Stirling Castle, Mary Queen of Scots gave a feast with 30 guests at an imagined replica of Arthur's round table during the masque-themed celebrations of the baptism of the future James VI.[16][17]
Winchester Round Table[link]
The artifact known as the "Winchester Round Table," a large tabletop hanging in Winchester Castle bearing the names of various knights of Arthur's court, was probably created for a Round Table tournament.[18] The current paintwork is late; it was done by order of Henry VIII of England for Holy Roman Emperor Charles V's 1522 state visit, and depicts Henry himself sitting in Arthur's seat above a Tudor rose. The table itself is considerably older; dendrochronology calculates the date of construction to 1250–1280—during the reign of Edward I—using timber from store felled over a period of years.[19] Edward was an Arthurian enthusiast who attended at least five Round Tables and hosted one himself in 1299, which may have been the occasion for the creation of the Winchester Round Table.[18] Martin Biddle, from an examination of Edward's financial accounts, links it instead with a tournament Edward held near Winchester on April 20, 1290, to mark the betrothal of one of his daughters.[20]
Notes[link]
- ^ a b c d e f Kibler, William W. (1991). "Round Table." In Lacy, Norris J. (Ed.), The New Arthurian Encyclopaedia, p. 391. New York: Garland. ISBN 0-8240-4377-4.
- ^ Walters, Lori J., "Re-examining Wace's Round Table", in: Keith Busby, Christopher Kleinhenz (eds.), Courtly arts and the art of courtliness, DS Brewer, 2006, p. 721-744.
- ^ a b Geoffrey, p. 222.
- ^ Padel, p. 17.
- ^ Bromwich, p. lxvii.
- ^ Padel, p. 21.
- ^ Padel, p. 42.
- ^ Padel, p. 102.
- ^ Thomas, pp. 428–429.
- ^ Ottaway, Patrick; Michael Cyprien (1987). A traveller's guide to Roman Britain. Historical Times. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-918678-19-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=MtkOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA35&dq=caerleon+%22round+table%22#v=onepage&q=%20%20%22round%20table%22&f=false.
- ^ Castleden, Rodney (1999). King Arthur: The Truth Behind the Legend. Routledge. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-415-19575-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=F28cAoRntJwC&pg=PA148&dq=caerleon+%22round+table%22#v=onepage&q=caerleon%20%22round%20table%22&f=false.
- ^ Evans, Martin (July 11, 2010). "Historians locate King Arthur's Round Table". www.telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved July 15, 2010.
- ^ Pitts, Mike (November 2010). "Britain in Archaeology". British Archaeology (York, England: Council for British Archaeology) (115): 8. ISSN 1357-4442. "The claims...have no basis whatever in the archaeological evidence"
- ^ Hoffman, Donald L. (1991). "Tavola Ritonda." In Lacy, Norris J. (Ed.), The New Arthurian Encyclopedia, p. 444. New York: Garland. ISBN 0-8240-4377-4.
- ^ a b Lacy, Norris J. (1991). "Round Tables." In Lacy, Norris J. (Ed.), The New Arthurian Encyclopedia, p. 391. New York: Garland. ISBN 0-8240-4377-4.
- ^ Stevenson, Joseph, ed., The History of Mary Stewart by Claude Nau, (1883), pp.cxlviii-cl, from [British Library] Sloane Mss. 3199 fol.264 and Ashmole. Mss. 840 fol.99
- ^ Warnicke, Retha M.. Mary Queen of Scots. Abingdon, England: Routledge. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-415-29182-8.
- ^ a b Ashe, Geoffrey (1991). "Winchester." In Lacy, Norris J. (Ed.), The New Arthurian Encyclopedia, pp. 518–519. New York: Garland. ISBN 0-8240-4377-4.
- ^ Biddle, Martin (2000). King Arthur's Round Table: an archaeological investigation. Woodbridge, England: Boydell and Brewer. p. 182. ISBN 0-85115-626-6. .
- ^ Biddle (2000: 361–392)
References[link]
- Bromwich, Rachel (2006). Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Triads of the Island of Britain. University Of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-1386-8.
- Geoffrey of Monmouth; Thorpe, Lewis (1988). The History of the Kings of Britain. New York: Penguin. ISBN 0-14-044170-0.
- Lacy, Norris J. (Ed.) (1991). The New Arthurian Encyclopedia. New York: Garland. ISBN 0-8240-4377-4.
- Loomis, Roger S. (1959). "Arthurian Influence on Sport and Spectacle". Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages. Oxford.
- Padel, O. J. (2000). Arthur in Medieval Welsh Literature. University of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-7689-1.
- Rouse, Robert; and Cory Rushton (2005). The Medieval Quest for Arthur. Tempus, Stroud. ISBN 0-7524-3343-1.
- Thomas, Charles (1953). "Folklore from a Northern Henge Monument". Folklore 64 (3): 427–429. JSTOR 1256826.
External links[link]
- Timeless Myths - Knights of the Round Table
- The 14th Century Round Table in Winchester, Hampshire. UK
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http://nl.wn.com/Ronde Tafel
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This article is about the band. For other uses, see 10 Years (disambiguation).
 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2007) |
| 10 Years | |
|---|---|
| 10 Years performing at The Pearl Room in Mokena, IL. 10 Years performing at The Pearl Room in Mokena, IL. |
|
| Background information | |
| Origin | Knoxville, Tennessee, USA |
| Genres | Alternative metal, post-grunge |
| Years active | 1999–present |
| Labels | Universal Records, Palehorse Records/ILG (Warner Music Group) |
| Website | www.10yearsmusic.com |
| Members | |
| Jesse Hasek Ryan "Tater" Johnson Lewis "Big Lew" Cosby Brian Vodinh Matt Brown |
|
| Past members | |
| Mike Underdown Andy Parks Matt Wantland |
|
10 Years is an American alternative metal band, formed in Knoxville, Tennessee in 1999.
Contents |
History[link]
[edit] Early Years, Into the Half Moon (1999–2001)
10 Years was initially formed in Knoxville, Tennessee in 1999 with singer Mike Underdown, drummer Brian Vodinh, bassist Lewis Cosby, and guitarists Ryan "Tater" Johnson (also of The American Plague) and Matt Wantland. In 2001, Cosby left and the band recruited Andy Parks on bass. They independently recorded Into the Half Moon the same year.
[edit] Killing All That Holds You, The Autumn Effect (2002–2006)
Lead vocalist Mike Underdown left the band to pursue a career in acting and start up a new band 'Courage, You Bastards' in Los Angeles, Ca. 10 Years soon recruited current vocalist Jesse Hasek from another local band. In 2002, Parks decided to leave the band and Cosby returned. The band then released their independent album Killing All That Holds You in 2004.
10 Years was then signed to Universal Records in 2005 and released their major label debut, The Autumn Effect on August 16, 2005 with the songs "Wasteland" and "Through the Iris" picking up regional radio play. Their first single, "Wasteland" spent over 12 months on the rock charts, finally reaching #1 at active rock radio in December 2005.
That same summer, the band toured with Disturbed and Ill Niño. In the fall of 2005, they toured with Breaking Benjamin and Smile Empty Soul, then followed up with the Masters of Horror tour with Mudvayne and Sevendust. They opened for Korn and Mudvayne on Korn's See You on the Other Side tour. They also toured with Korn and Deftones on the Family Values Tour, which started in late July 2006.
In mid February 2006, "Wasteland" reached #1 on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart. "Wasteland" has been certified Gold by the RIAA.
In mid-2006, the band toured Australia in a lineup which included Hatebreed, Disturbed and Korn.
Their first music video, "Wasteland", addresses the social problem of human rights as well as addiction around the world. The video received a nomination for Best Direction and Best Art Direction at the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards, but did not win either.
On March 27, 2006, an EP was released on iTunes containing acoustic versions of "Wasteland" and other tracks from The Autumn Effect.
[edit] Division (2006–2008)
On November 19, 2006, 10 Years unveiled and confirmed the title Division for their second album.[1] The band would begin recording Division in late June 2007 after spending the better part of a year writing.
Lewis told in an interview that the album is "so different from the first one [The Autumn Effect], but it's still 10 Years," and, "It just sounds like [the songs] would be from a totally different album, which was, you know, the goal."[2] It was also revealed that the track titled "Focus" was co-written with Stone Temple Pilots and former Army of Anyone guitarist Dean DeLeo.[1]
On May 21, 2007 a demo song titled "All Your Lies" from Division was released onto their MySpace along with a post stating the band had chosen producer Rick Parasher to produce the new album.[3] On September 7, the band announced on their MySpace that the album was finished and would be released in 2008, following a tour with Dir En Grey, Sevendust, Operator, Thousand Foot Krutch and Chevelle.
On January 29, 2008, "Beautiful," the new single from Division, was released to iTunes and a snippet was also posted on the band's MySpace page. Division was released on May 13, 2008 after being pushed back due to finalization of the album's artwork.[4]
10 Years was featured on the Revolution Stage of Linkin Park's Summer Projekt Revolution 2008 tour with Atreyu, Hawthorne Heights and Armor For Sleep.
They went on tour with Mudvayne until mid December 2008.
[edit] Feeding the Wolves (2009–2011)
10 Years announced that their upcoming third major label album would be entitled Feeding the Wolves. The album was produced by Grammy-nominated producer Howard Benson and mixed by Chris "Lord" Alge. The band has mentioned the album is of their heaviest material to date and "very similar to some of their early songs."
Throughout the first half of 2010, the band went back and forth between putting on live shows and working in the studio. Before the album was released, the band debuted new songs at live performances such as "Dead in the Water", "Now is the Time", and the new album's first single ""Shoot It Out" ". [5][6]
On June 12, 2010, ""Shoot It Out" " was featured on Sirius/XM Radio. The track was released to radio later that month,[7] and was made available for download on iTunes July 6.[8] Feeding the Wolves was released on August 31, 2010.
To promote the album's release, the band opened Shinedown's 2010 Carnival of Madness summer tour alongside Chevelle, Puddle of Mudd, and Sevendust.[9] In the fall they joined Sevendust again on the Hard Drive Live tour with support from Since October and Anew Revolution.
In December, the band went on a mini-headline tour,[10] where they played some older songs that they had not played in some time. February 2011, their new single "Fix Me" releases to radio while they headline a spring tour with Hollywood Undead.
On June 17 and 18 the band shot a music video for "Fix Me" in Columbus, Ohio with production company Thunder Down Country.[11] The video was released via YouTube on August 9, 2011.[12]
[edit] Minus The Machine Palehorse Records (2012-present)
On twitter the band has shown pictures of Brian Vodinh's home basement turned studio for future workings on their next album.
On April 2nd, 2012, the band announced on Facebook that their upcoming record, Minus The Machine, is to be released on July 30th on their own independent label, Palehorse Records, which the band stated is a part of Warner Music Group's Independent Label Group. They also announced a 4-week headlining tour to support the record, which begins on June 27th in New Orleans.
On May 11th, the band unveiled the cover art of the album and it was announced that the album's release has been pushed back to July 31st.[citation needed] 10 Years will release their first single "Backlash" on radio and iTunes on June 21st.
Band members[link]
Current
- Jesse Hasek – Vocals (2002–present)
- Ryan "Tater" Johnson – Lead Guitar, Backing Vocals (1999–present)
- Lewis "Big Lew" Cosby – Bass (1999–2001, 2002-present)
- Brian Vodinh – Rhythm Guitar, Backing Vocals (2009–present) Drums (1999–present)
Live
- Matt Brown – Drums (2010-present)
- Sam Anderson – Drums (2010)
- Kyle Mayer – Drums (2010)
- Brandon Estelle - Drums (2010-2011) and select dates.
Former
- Mike Underdown – Vocals (1999–2001)
- Andy Parks - Bass (2001–2002)
- Matt Wantland – Guitar (1999–2009)
Timeline[link]
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id:Vocals value:red legend:Vocals id:Bass value:orange legend:Bass id:Rhythm_Guitar value:blue legend:Rhythm_Guitar id:Lead_guitar value:green legend:Lead_Guitar id:drums value:yellow legend:Drums id:lines value:black legend:Studio Albums
Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:2
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BarData =
bar:mike text:"Mike Underdown" bar:jesse text:"Jesse Hasek" bar:tater text:"Ryan Tater Johnson" bar:wantland text:"Matt Wantland" bar:andy text:"Andy Parks" bar:lewis text:"Lewis Cosby" bar:brian text:"Brian Vodinh" bar:kyle text:"Kyle Mayer" bar:sam text:"Sam Anderson" bar:matt text:"Matt Brown"
PlotData=
width:10 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-4) bar:mike from:start till:01/01/2001 color:Vocals bar:jesse from:02/01/2001 till:end color:Vocals bar:tater from:start till:end color:Lead_Guitar bar:wantland from:start till:03/05/2009 color:Rhythm_Guitar bar:brian from:start till:31/08/2010 color:Drums bar:brian from:05/05/2009 till:end color:Rhythm_Guitar bar:lewis from:start till:01/01/2001 color:Bass bar:lewis from:02/01/2002 till:end color:Bass bar:andy from:02/01/2001 till:01/01/2002 color:Bass bar:kyle from:06/06/2010 till:05/07/2010 color:Drums bar:sam from:06/07/2010 till:31/07/2010 color:Drums bar:matt from:01/08/2010 till:end color:Drums
</timeline>
Discography[link]
Studio albums[link]
| Year | Album details | Peak chart positions | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US [13] |
US Alt. [13][14] |
||||
| 2001 | Into the Half Moon
|
— | — | ||
| 2004 | Killing All That Holds You
|
— | — | ||
| 2005 | The Autumn Effect
|
72 | — | ||
| 2008 | Division
|
12 | 2 | ||
| 2010 | Feeding the Wolves
|
17 | 3 | ||
| 2012 | Minus the Machine
|
||||
| "—" denotes a release that did not chart. | |||||
Extended plays[link]
- 2006: Acoustic EP
Singles[link]
| Year | Song | Peak chart positions | Album | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US [15] |
US Alt. [16] |
US Main. |
|||
| 2005 | "Wasteland" | 94 | 1 | 2 [17] |
The Autumn Effect |
| 2006 | "Through the Iris" | — | 35 | 20 [17] |
|
| "Waking Up" | — | — | 32 [17] |
||
| 2008 | "Beautiful" | — | 14 | 6 [18] |
Division |
| "So Long, Good-Bye" | — | — | 31 [18] |
||
| 2009 | "Actions & Motives" | — | — | 36 [18] |
|
| 2010 | "Shoot It Out" | — | 21 | 6 | Feeding the Wolves |
| 2011 | "Fix Me" | — | 30 | 10 | |
| "Now Is the Time (Ravenous)" | — | — | — | ||
| 2012 | "Backlash" | — | — | — | Minus the Machine |
| "—" denotes a release that did not chart. | |||||
References[link]
- ^ a b BLABBERMOUTH.NET - 10 YEARS Practices Its 'Division' On New Album
- ^ BLABBERMOUTH.NET - 10 YEARS Bassist Says New Album Is 'So Different' From 'The Autumn Effect'
- ^ http://www.loudside.com/music/interviews/id/53/Exclusive_Interview_With_10_Years_Vocalist_Jesse_Hasek/
- ^ BLABBERMOUTH.NET - 10 YEARS: New Album Pushed Back To May
- ^ http://rawkpit.com/2009/12/29/watch-10-years-perform-new-song-shoot-it-out/
- ^ http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash1/hs327.ash1/28506_118271661546897_100000921922019_108371_1460630_n.jpg
- ^ FMQB: Radio Industry News, Music Industry Updates, Arbitron Ratings, Music News and more!
- ^ http://twitter.com/10years/status/15754395930
- ^ Carnival of Madness
- ^ 10 Years at the Brat Stop
- ^ Video Shoot for "FIX ME" | Facebook
- ^ 10 Years - Fix Me - YouTube
- ^ a b "10 Years > Charts & Awards > Billboard Albums". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/10-years-p735759/charts-awards/billboard-albums. Retrieved 2010-11-21.
- ^ "10 Years Album & Song Chart History (Albums)". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on 21 November 2010. http://web.archive.org/web/20101121215343/http://www.billboard.com/. Retrieved 2010-11-21.
- ^ "10 Years > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/10-years-p735759/charts-awards/billboard-singles. Retrieved 2010-11-21.
- ^ "10 Years Album & Song Chart History (Singles)". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on 21 November 2010. http://web.archive.org/web/20101121215343/http://www.billboard.com/. Retrieved 2010-11-21.
- ^ a b c "10 Years > The Autumn Effect > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-autumn-effect-r786920/charts-awards/billboard-single. Retrieved 2011-03-26.
- ^ a b c "10 Years > Division > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. http://www.allmusic.com/album/division-r1347507/charts-awards/billboard-single. Retrieved 2011-03-26.
External links[link]
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Related pages:
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http://fr.wn.com/10 Years (groupe)
http://pt.wn.com/10 Years
http://de.wn.com/10 Years
http://it.wn.com/10 Years (gruppo musicale)
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For the Texas historian, see Robert A. Calvert.
For the jazz saxophonist, see Robert Calvert (saxophonist).
| Robert Calvert | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1944-03-09)9 March 1944 Pretoria, South Africa |
| Died | 14 August 1988(1988-08-14) (aged 44) Ramsgate, England |
| Associated acts | Hawkwind |
Robert Calvert (9 March 1944 – 14 August 1988)[1] was a writer, poet, and musician.
Contents |
Biography[link]
Born Robert Newton Calvert in Pretoria, South Africa, Calvert's parents moved to England when he was two years of age; he attended school in London and Margate. He began his career by writing poetry and in 1967 formed a Street Theatre group Street Dada Nihilismus. He was best known as the lead singer, poet and frontman of Hawkwind intermittently from 1972–1979 during which time he co-wrote their hit single "Silver Machine" and directed their Space Ritual Tour. Calvert suffered from bipolar disorder, at one point being sectioned under the Mental Health Act, Lemmy would sing on the single version of "Silver Machine", his vocal an overdub of a live recording taken at the Roundhouse in London. "They tried everyone else singing it except me" Lemmy later said.[2]
During periods away from Hawkwind duties, and after finally leaving the group in 1979, Calvert worked on his solo career, his creative output including albums, stage plays, poetry, and a novel. His first solo album, Captain Lockheed and the Starfighters, attained mainstream success.[citation needed]
His other musical collaborators include Michael Moorcock, Brian Eno, Arthur Brown, Jim Capaldi, Steve Pond, Inner City Unit, Vivian Stanshall, Nektar, John Greaves, Adrian Wagner, Amon Düül II, and Spirits Burning (posthumously).[3]
Calvert died of a heart attack in 1988 in Ramsgate, England.[1]
Nik Turner, and other former Hawkwind musicians are currently collaborating as Hawklords as a tribute to Calvert.
Discography[link]
Solo[link]
- Captain Lockheed and the Starfighters (1974)
- Lucky Leif and the Longships (1975)
- "Cricket Star" (1979, one sided flexi single recorded under Robert Calvert and the 1st XI)
- "Lord of the Hornets" / "The Greenfly and the Rose" (1980, single)
- Hype (1981)
- Freq (1984, inspired by the UK miners' strike)
- Test-Tube Conceived (1986)
- At the Queen Elizabeth Hall (Clear Records 1989, live album recorded on October 1, 1986. Reissued in 1993 as BGOCD 187)
- Blueprints from the Cellar (Home-recorded demos)
- Revenge (Demos with Pete Pavli - Released 1999, recorded 1980s)
- Centigrade 232 (Words only - Voiceprint VP403CD 2007) also see book below
- Centigrade 232 (Words & music, issued as the Brock/Calvert Project - Voiceprint HAWKVP42CD)
- Robert Calvert And The Maximum Effect Live At Carlisle Stars And Stripes - (Stereo Records 2009)
- The single "Ejection" is on the United Artists Records 2004 sampler All Good Clean Fun CD re-package (Liberty 8660902), but was not on the original 1971 LP
With Hawkwind[link]
- Space Ritual (1973)
- Astounding Sounds, Amazing Music (1976)
- Quark, Strangeness and Charm (1977)
- Hawklords (1978) (Also known as 25 Years On and recorded using the band name Hawklords)
- PXR5 (1979)
Guest appearances[link]
- Adrian Wagner - Distances Between Us (1974)
- Nektar - Down To Earth (1974)
- The Imperial Pompadours - Ersatz (1982)
- Amon Düül - Die Lösung (recorded 1988, released 1989)
Bibliography[link]
Musical plays[link]
- The Stars That Play With Laughing Sam's Dice (1976, about Jimi Hendrix)
- The Kid From Silicon Gulch (1981)
- Test-tube Baby of Mine (1986)
Poetry collections[link]
- Centigrade 232 (1977)
- The Earth Ritual (1987)
Novels[link]
- Hype (New English Library, 1981)
References[link]
- ^ a b Thedeadrockstarsclub.com - accessed May 2010
- ^ The Saga of Hawkwind, Carol Clerk, 2004 Omnibus Press ISBN1.84449.101.3
- ^ History of Rock: see http://www.scaruffi.com/vol5/falcone.html
External links[link]
- Knut Gerwers' Spirit of the Page Calvert site
- A short Robert Calvert bio
- Robert Calvert on tour in 1986
- Gnawing Medusa's Flesh: The Science Fiction Poetry of Robert Calvert
- Working Down A Diamond Mine
- An interview with Robert Calvert
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Calvert, Robert |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | South African poet, writer, musician |
| Date of birth | 9 April 1944 |
| Place of birth | Pretoria, South Africa |
| Date of death | 14 August 1988 |
| Place of death | Ramsgate, England |
http://wn.com/Robert_Calvert
Related pages:
http://de.wn.com/Robert Calvert
http://it.wn.com/Robert Calvert
http://ru.wn.com/Калверт, Роберт
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Calvert
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
