Name	Massey Hall
Address	178 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario. Entrance is on Shuter Street.
City	Toronto, Ontario
Country	Canada
Architect	Sidney Badgley
Owner	The Corporation of Massey Hall and Roy Thomson Hall
Capacity	2,752
Type	Historic property - Concert hall
Opened	1894
Yearsactive	1894-present
Website	http://www.masseyhall.com
Embedded	}}

Massey Hall is a venerable performing arts theatre in the Garden District of downtown Toronto. The theatre originally was designed to seat 3,500 patrons but, after extensive renovations in the 1940s, now seats up to 2,765.

Massey Hall and the more intimate Eaton Auditorium were the only substantial concert venues in Toronto before the opening of Roy Thomson Hall. For many years Massey Hall was the home of the Toronto Symphony Orchestra and the Toronto Mendelssohn Choir.

Massey Hall was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1981.

History

Designed by architect Sidney Badgley, Massey Hall was completed in 1894 at a cost of $152,390.75. Construction was financed by Hart Massey of Massey-Harris (later Massey Ferguson, before its ultimate principal shareholder director Conrad Black wound down its operations and retired its assets into the Varity Corporation) holding company. The hall's debut concert was on June 14, 1894. In 1933, the Massey Foundation undertook further renovations to the hall. It is currently used for a variety of events and is operated by the same corporation as Roy Thomson Hall.

Many dignitaries have attended the Hall since its inauguration. In 1901, the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York (the future King George V and his wife Queen Mary) visited with Canadian Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier.

Many famous figures have appeared on the broad stage of this stately hall, including William Booth, Maria Callas, Enrico Caruso, Winston Churchill, George Gershwin, Glenn Gould, Dalai Lama, Gordon Lightfoot, Luciano Pavarotti, Oscar Peterson, and Arturo Toscanini.

It was the site of the legendary Charlie Parker-Dizzy Gillespie concert, recorded as ''Jazz at Massey Hall'', in May 1953. Accompanying Gillespie and Parker in this acoustically sound hall were Bud Powell, Max Roach and Charles Mingus.

Neil Young performed and recorded his concert, on January 19, 1971, which was later released as a live album, entitled ''Live at Massey Hall 1971''.

On January 8, 1995, Ronnie Hawkins celebrated his 60th birthday by throwing a concert here, which was documented on the album, ''Let It Rock''. The concert featured performances by Hawkins, Carl Perkins, Jerry Lee Lewis, The Band and Larry Gowan. Jeff Healey sat in on guitar for most, if not all, of the performances. Hawkins' band, The Hawks, or permutations of it, backed most, if not all, of the acts. All of the musicians performing that night were collectively dubbed "The Rock ‘N’ Roll Orchestra".

Notability

In 1975, Toronto City Council designated Massey Hall a "Heritage Property" under the province's Ontario Heritage Act.

In 1994, to commemorate the Hall's 100th anniversary, the basement was completely refurbished to include Centuries, a fully-stocked bar. Prior to this addition, alcohol was not permitted in the hall. The decor of Centuries includes hundreds of photos of artists who have performed there over the years (largely collecting portraits of popular music stars since the eighties) including many autographs. Centuries has a capacity of 220 people, and often hosts CD release parties and post-show parties for the visiting artists. Roughly five years after Centuries was created, an additional bar in the balcony lounge was added.

At some point in its renovation history, three of the windows at the front of the venue were converted into doors, and a pair of fire escape staircases were installed along the front face of the building. The doors at the front of the venue were painted red (from their earlier brown-gold colour), a large neon sign was hung above the main entrance, and notice boards listing upcoming acts were revamped on either side of those doors.

Design Purpose and Inspiration

Massey Hall was built due to the need for a secular meeting place in which people from Toronto and area could meet and enjoy choral music not of a religious theme. It was designed with a neoclassical facade, and features moorish arches that span the width of the interior hall. This interior was inspired by the Alhambra Place in Spain as well as Louis Sullivan’s Chicago Auditorium and Opera house. The exterior neoclassical facade was a preference voiced from Lillian, Hart Massey's daughter.

See also

List of concert halls

References

Venues. October 2010.

External links

Massey Hall and Roy Thomson Hall

The Canadian Encyclopedia

Category:Concert halls in Canada Category:Music venues in Toronto Category:Theatres in Toronto Category:Event venues established in 1894

it:Massey Hall

In architecture, a hall is fundamentally a relatively large space enclosed by a roof and walls. In the Iron Age, a mead hall was such a simple building and was the residence of a lord and his retainers. Later, rooms were partitioned from it, so that today the hall of a house is the space inside the front door through which the rooms are reached.

Thus:

Deriving from the above, a hall is often the term used to designate a British or Irish country house.

In later medieval Europe, the main room of a castle or manor house was the great hall.

Where the hall inside the front door of a house is elongated, it may be called a passage, corridor, or hallway.

In a medieval building, the hall was where the fire was kept. With time, its functions as dormitory, kitchen, parlour and so on were divided off to separate rooms or, in the case of the kitchen, a separate building.

On the same principle:

Many buildings at colleges and universities are formally titled "_______ Hall", typically being named after the person who endowed it, for example, King's Hall, Cambridge. Others, such as Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, commemorate respected people. Between these in age, Nassau Hall at Princeton University began as the single building of the then college. In medieval origin, these were the halls in which the members of the university lived together during term time. In many cases, some aspect of this community remains.

At colleges in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Hall is the dining hall for students, with High Table at one end for fellows. Typically, at "Formal Hall", gowns are worn for dinner during the evening, whereas for "informal Hall" they are not.

Many Livery Companies (e.g., in the City of London) have a Hall that is their headquarters and meeting place.

Similarly:

A hall is also a building consisting largely of a principal room, that is rented out for meetings and social affairs. It may be privately or government-owned, such as a function hall owned by one company used for weddings and cotillions (organized and run by the same company on a contractual basis) or a community hall available for rent to anyone.

In religious architecture, as in Islamic architecture, the prayer hall is a large room dedicated to the practice of the worship. (example : the prayer hall of the Great Mosque of Kairouan in Tunisia) Following a line of similar development:

In office buildings and larger buildings (theatres, cinemas etc.), the entrance hall is generally known as the foyer (the French for fire-place). The atrium, a name sometimes used in public buildings for the entrance hall, was the central courtyard of a Roman house.

References

Category:Rooms

ar:قاعة be:Калідор be-x-old:Хол cs:Hala de:Halle (Architektur) io:Halo it:Foyer he:מבואה ka:ჰოლი (ოთახი) hu:Csarnok nl:Foyer pl:Hala (budownictwo) pt:Hall sr:Хала sv:Hall (rum) vi:Hall yi:זאל zh:禮堂

name	Geddy Lee
background	solo_singer
birth name	Gary Lee Weinrib
birth date	July 29, 1953
birth place	North York, Ontario, Canada
instrument	Bass, vocals, keyboards, guitar, synthesizers
genre	Hard rock, progressive rock, heavy metal
occupation	Musician, songwriter, producer
years active	1968–present
label	Mercury, Anthem, Atlantic
associated acts	Rush, Big Dirty Band
website
notable instruments	Geddy Lee Signature model Jazz BassRickenbacker 4001Fender Precision Bass }}

Gary Lee Weinrib, OC, better known as Geddy Lee (born July 29, 1953), is a Canadian musician, best known as the lead vocalist, bassist, and keyboardist for the Canadian rock group Rush. Lee joined what would become Rush in September 1968, at the request of his childhood friend Alex Lifeson, replacing original bassist and frontman Jeff Jones.

An award-winning musician, Lee's style, technique, and skill on the bass guitar have inspired many rock and heavy metal musicians, such as Steve Harris of Iron Maiden, John Myung of Dream Theater, Les Claypool of Primus, Juan Alderete of The Mars Volta, and Tim Commerford of Rage Against the Machine.

In addition to his composing, arranging, and performing duties for Rush, Lee has produced for various other bands, including Rocket Science. Lee's first solo effort, ''My Favorite Headache'', was released in 2000.

Along with his Rush bandmates – guitarist Alex Lifeson and drummer Neil Peart – Lee was made an Officer of the Order of Canada on May 9, 1996. The trio was the first rock band to be so honoured, as a group. Lee is ranked 13th by ''Hit Parader'' on their list of the 100 Greatest Heavy Metal vocalists of all time.

Biography

Early years

Geddy Lee was born Gary Lee Weinrib on July 29, 1953 in Willowdale, (North York) Toronto, Canada. Lee's stage name, ''Geddy'', was inspired by his mother's heavily-accented pronunciation of his given first name, ''Gary'', and it later became his high school nickname before he adopted it as his stage name. In an interview written in ''Bass Frontiers Magazine'', Geddy Lee explains; "My born name is Gary. My real name, now, is Geddy. Okay, it's like the same story of ''Leave it to Beaver''. (laughs). The story goes: my mother is Polish and she has a very thick accent. When I was about twelve years old, I had a friend who, whenever he heard my mother pronounce my name, he thought she was calling me, 'Geddy'. He started calling me 'Geddy', and eventually, all of my friends started calling me 'Geddy', and eventually my mother started to call me 'Geddy', for real. And eventually, I changed my name legally to 'Geddy', so that's the story and that's my name, Geddy."

Lee's parents were Jewish refugees from Poland who had been survivors of Dachau and Bergen-Belsen concentration camps during World War II. In 2004, ''Canadian Jewish News'' featured Lee's reflections on his mother's experiences as a refugee, and of his own Jewish heritage. In an interview with Rob Tannenbaum of ''Maxim'', Lee described the two most Jewish things about him as "[M]y nose and my sense of humor. I'm kind of a Jewish atheist: I bathe in the racial beauty of Judaism, but I don’t really see what that has to do with a belief in God. The only time I pray is on the tennis court."

Lee attended the same elementary school as comedian Rick Moranis. Geddy Lee also attended Willowdale Junior High School with Steve Shutt of the Montreal Canadiens.

Lee married Nancy Young in 1976. They have a son, Julian, and a daughter, Kyla.

Personal interests

Lee is an avid wine collector, with a particular penchant for the Burgundies and a collection of some 5,000 bottles. He takes annual trips to France, where he indulges in cheese and fine wine. Other hobbies he cultivates include hiking, long-distance cycling, tennis, collecting baseball memorabilia, art collecting, and travelling.

On June 5, 2008, Lee donated his entire collection of nearly 200 autographed Negro League baseballs to the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum in Kansas City, Missouri. Bob Kendrick, a director at the museum stated, "Some of these guys have been dead for some time, and we could not get these (signatures) before no matter what their significance was in the Negro Leagues."

Body of work

The bulk of Lee's work in music has been with Rush (see Rush discography). However, Lee has also contributed to a body of work outside of his involvement with the band through guest appearances and album production. In 1981, Lee was the featured guest for the hit song "Take Off" and its included comedic commentary with Bob and Doug McKenzie (played by Rick Moranis and Dave Thomas, respectively) for the McKenzie Brothers' comedy album ''Great White North''. The following year, Lee produced the debut (and only) album from Toronto new wave band Boys Brigade. On the 1985 album ''We Are the World'', by humanitarian consortium USA for Africa, Lee recorded guest vocals for the song "Tears Are Not Enough". Apart from band contributions, Lee sang the Canadian National Anthem in front of a full crowd at Camden Yards for the 1993 All-Star Game.

Another version of "O Canada" in rock format was recorded by Lee and Lifeson on the accompanying soundtrack CD for the Trey Parker and Matt Stone film ''South Park: Bigger, Longer, and Uncut'' released in 1999.

''My Favorite Headache'', Lee's first solo album, was released in November 2000 while Rush was on a hiatus due to tragedies in drummer Neil Peart's life. Lee appeared in Broken Social Scene's music video for their 2006 single "Fire Eye'd Boy", judging the band while they perform various musical tasks, and in 2006, Lee joined Lifeson's supergroup the Big Dirty Band, to provide songs accompanying ''Trailer Park Boys: The Movie''.

Lee also plays bass on Canadian rock band I Mother Earth's track "Good For Sule", which is featured on the group's album "Blue Green Orange", released in 1999.

Vocal style

Lee's voice has been referred to as an "astoundingly high" tenor. During Rush's early period, Lee's voice was described as a "Robert Plant-esque wail." Beginning with the ''Permanent Waves'' album in 1980, Lee gradually changed his vocal style to a more restrained sound.

Lee has said that he maintains "a fairly strict diet" in order to accommodate the vocal demands of his music before and during tours. He avoids dairy products, certain spices, and "highly acidic foods like vinegars and white wines."

Equipment used

Lee has varied his equipment list continually throughout his career.

Bass guitars

For his first local gigs in the early 1970s and Rush's debut album, Lee used a Fender Precision Bass. From ''Fly By Night'' onward, Lee favoured Rickenbacker basses, particularly the 4001 model. It was during the making of ''A Farewell to Kings'' when Geddy began using a custom made Rickenbacker Bass/Guitar Double Neck, incorporating a 4001 bass and a 480 12-string guitar. This would become the 4080/12 model Double Neck, a later Rickenbacker production model. Geddy would use this double neck all throughout the "Kings" tour in 1977 – 78, until retiring it at the end of the "Moving Pictures" Tour in 1981. Soon after, Geddy began using the Fender Jazz Bass which is heard on ''Permanent Waves'', ''Moving Pictures'', ''Signals'' and the supporting tours. In 1981, Lee began using the compact, headless Steinberger bass, which he occasionally used on the supporting tour for ''Signals'' and for several tracks on ''Grace Under Pressure''. From 1985 to 1992, Lee used British Wal basses. He switched back to Fender Jazz Basses for the recording of ''Counterparts'' in 1993, and has been using them virtually exclusively since, heard on albums ''Test For Echo'', ''Vapor Trails'', ''Feedback'' and ''Snakes & Arrows''. He used a Fender Jaco Pastorius Tribute fretless replica bass for the song "Malignant Narcissism" on ''Snakes & Arrows'', and a Fender Custom Shop Jazz with an Alder Body and a Flamed Maple top in Transparent Red for songs in an alternate tuning during the last several tours. In 1998, Fender released the Geddy Lee Jazz Bass, available in Black and 3-Colour Sunburst (as of 2009). This signature model is a recreation of Lee's favourite bass, a 1972 Fender Jazz that he bought in a pawn shop in Kalamazoo, Michigan. On all of his basses, Lee uses Rotosound Swing Bass 66 Stainless Steel round-wound strings (RS66LD). Lee once again used his Rickenbacker 4001 for the performance of "A Passage To Bangkok" on the 2007 and 2008 Snakes & Arrows Tour. During the same tour, Schecter Guitar Research provided him with a "004" bass in a one-off dark walnut finish, with a body shape that was blatantly similar to the Rickenbacker design. It is unknown if this instrument was ever used on the tour, and he has apparently not used it since. For the 2010 Time Machine Tour Lee added the alchemical symbol for "Amalgamation" to the body of his Fender Jazz Bass guitar.

Bass guitar amplification

Lee's amps in the early days were arena-ready Sunn and/or Ampeg models. By 2112, he was using two Ampeg SVTs, one which ran into 2 Sunn 215 cabs, and one which ran into 2 Ampeg V4b 215 cabs. For Hemispheres, his backline had evolved into a configuration of Ashly preamps, BGW power amps, Ampeg V4b cabinets, and Thiele design cabinets which were run in stereo with his 4001 bass. The neck pick-up was sent to one amp and set for a clean, bass-heavy tone, which then ran into two Ampeg V4b 215 cabs, while the bridge pick-up was sent to the other amp which was set with an exaggerated treble boost, and extra gain in the preamp and was sent into two Thiele 215 cabs. This defined Lee's bass sound from 1977 to 1982. On the Grace Under Pressure tour, Lee removed his Ashly preamps and switched to Furman PQ-3 preamps, and changed cabs to custom made 215 cabs. This set up stayed until the Counterparts tour, where he switched to Trace Elliot Quatra 4VR amplifiers, GP12 SMX preamps, with two single 18 speaker cabs and two 410 speaker cabs. On the Test for Echo tour he used the same set up but added a Palmer PDI-03 speaker simulator, and a SansAmp PSA-1.

Beginning in 2002, Lee dispensed with using a single bass guitar amplifier in favour of a chain of amplifiers and DI units, which allow the bass guitar to be connected directly to the stage and front-of-house mixers without involving microphones. Lee began using in-ear monitors at this point.

At the beginning of the 2002 Vapor trails tour, Lee revised his previous setup. His bass signal is sent via a Samson wireless unit to an Avalon U5 DI. From there it is split between a Trace Elliot Quadravalve all-tube power amplifier and a SansAmp RBI rackmountable preamp. The speaker-level signal from the Quadravalve is sent to a Palmer PD-05 speaker emulator, which provides adequate load for the tube amplifier and attenuates the signal down to line level. The signals from the U5, Quadravalve/PD-05, and RBI are all sent to the monitor and front-of-house mixers and blends of the signals are changed on a song-by-song basis. Typically the Quadravalve/PD-05 signal makes up the low end while a balance of the U5 and RBI make up the high end, with the RBI providing the "top end" distortion in Lee's sound.

For the 2007 ''Snakes and Arrows'' tour, Lee swapped the SansAmp RBI for a new unit by Sansamp, the RPM. During preparation for this tour a feature on bassplayer.tv with his live bass tech, Russ Ryan, was filmed, detailing Lee's live signal path.

For Rush's 2010 tour, Lee is using 2 × Orange AD200 bass heads together with 2 × OBC410 4x10 Bass Cabinets.

Keyboards and synthesizers

Over the years, Lee's keyboards have featured synthesizers from Oberheim (Eight-voice, OB-1, OB-X, OB-Xa), PPG (Wave 2.2 and 2.3), Roland (Jupiter 8, D-50, XV-5080, and a Fantom X7 starting on the Snakes & Arrows Tour), Moog (Minimoog, Taurus bass pedals, Moog Little Phatty), and Yamaha (DX7, Yamaha KX76). Lee used sequencers early in their development and has continued to use similar innovations as they have developed over the years. Lee has also made use of digital samplers. Combined, these electronic devices have supplied many memorable keyboard sounds, such as the "growl" in "Tom Sawyer" and the melody featured in the chorus of "The Spirit of Radio".

With 1993's ''Counterparts'', Rush reduced most keyboard- and synthesizer-derived sounds in their compositions, and they continued to do so with each successive album. In 2002, the band produced an album—''Vapor Trails''—that was completely free of keyboards and synthesizers, featuring only voice, guitar, bass guitar, drums and percussion. With the release of 2007's ''Snakes & Arrows'', Lee sparingly adds a Mellotron and bass pedals to the instrument line-up. However, it does not mark a return to a "synth" sound for the band. Much like ''Vapor Trails'', the music is primarily recorded with multiple layers of guitars, bass, drums and percussion.

Live performances: special equipment

Recreating unique sounds

Newer advances in synthesizer and sampler technology have allowed Lee to store familiar sounds from his old synthesizers alongside new ones in combination synthesizer/samplers, such as the Roland XV-5080. For live shows in 2002 and 2004, Lee and his keyboard technician used the playback capabilities of the XV-5080 to generate virtually all of Rush's keyboard sounds to date, as well as additional complex sound passages that previously required several machines at once to produce.

When playing live, Lee and his bandmates recreate their songs as accurately as possible with digital samplers. Using these samplers, the band members are able to recreate, in real-time, the sounds of non-traditional instruments, accompaniments, vocal harmonies, and other sound "events" that are familiar to those who have heard Rush songs from their albums.

To trigger these sounds in real-time, Lee uses MIDI controllers, placed at the locations on the stage where he has a microphone stand. Lee uses two types of MIDI controllers: one type resembles a traditional synthesizer keyboard on a stand (Yamaha KX76). The second type is a large foot-pedal keyboard, placed on the stage floor (Korg MPK-130, Roland PK-5). Combined, they enable Lee to use his free hands and feet to trigger sounds in electronic equipment that has been placed off-stage. It is with this technology that Lee and his bandmates are able to present their arrangements in a live setting with the level of complexity and fidelity that fans have come to expect, and without the need to resort to the use of backing tracks or employing an additional band member.

Lee's (and his bandmates') use of MIDI controllers to trigger sampled instruments and audio events is visible throughout the R30: 30th Anniversary World Tour concert DVD (2005).

From the Snakes and Arrows tour onwards, Lee used a Roland Fantom X7 and a Moog Little Phatty synthesizer.

Unique stage equipment

As of 1996, Lee no longer uses traditional bass amplifiers on stage, as he prefers to go direct into the venue's FOH console which helps the sound reinforcement during the concerts. Faced with the dilemma of what to do with the empty space left behind by the lack of large amplifier cabinets, Lee chose to decorate his side of the stage with unusual items.

For the 1996–1997 Test for Echo Tour, Lee's side sported a fully-stocked old-fashioned household refrigerator. For the 2002 ''Vapor Trails'' tour, Lee lined his side of the stage with three coin-operated Maytag dryers. Other large appliances appeared later in the same space. For visual effect they were "miked" by the sound crew, just as a real amplifier would be. Rush's crew loaded the dryers with specially-designed Rush-themed T-shirts, different from the shirts on sale to the general public. At the close of each show, Lee and Lifeson tossed these T-shirts into the audience. The dryers can be seen on the ''Rush in Rio'' DVD and the ''R30'' DVD. For the band's R30 tour, one dryer was replaced with a rotating shelf-style vending machine. It too was fully stocked and operational during shows. The vending machine can be seen on the ''R30'' DVD.

The Snakes & Arrows Tour prominently featured three Henhouse brand rotisserie chicken ovens on stage complete with an attendant in a chef's hat and apron to "tend" the chickens during shows. For the 2010–2011 Time Machine Tour, Lee's side of the stage featured a Steampunk inspired combination Time Machine and Sausage Maker.

Awards

Bass Hall of Fame – ''Guitar Player'' magazine

6 time winner: "Best Rock Bass" – ''Guitar Player'' magazine

1993 – "Best Rock Bass Player" ''Bass Player'' readers' poll

1994 – With Rush, inducted into the Juno Hall of Fame

1996 – Officer of the Order of Canada, along with fellow band mates Alex Lifeson and Neil Peart

Best Album for Bass (''Snakes & Arrows'') – ''Bass Player'' magazine

"Coolest Bass Line in a Song" (for "Malignant Narcissism") – ''Bass Player'' magazine

"Best 2007 Cover Feature" for "Northern Warrior" – ''Bass Player'' magazine

2010 – With Rush, "Living Legend" – Classic Rock Magazine

References

External links

Rush official website

A colourful Geddy interview, w/ Nardwuar the Human Serviette

Geddy Lee Interview on The Hour with George Stroumboulopoulos

Geddy Lee Interview in SPIN

Order of Canada citation

Category:1953 births Category:Atlantic Records artists Category:Canadian atheists Category:Jewish Canadian musicians Category:Canadian rock bass guitarists Category:Canadian rock keyboardists Category:Canadian rock singers Category:Canadian male singers Category:Canadian tenors Category:Canadian people of Polish descent Category:Jewish atheists Category:Canadian people of Polish-Jewish descent Category:Living people Category:Officers of the Order of Canada Category:Rush (band) members Category:People from North York, Ontario Category:People from Willowdale Category:Musicians from Toronto Category:Anthem Records artists Category:Anthem Records

cs:Geddy Lee de:Geddy Lee es:Geddy Lee fr:Geddy Lee it:Geddy Lee lt:Geddy Lee hu:Geddy Lee nl:Geddy Lee ja:ゲディー・リー no:Geddy Lee pl:Geddy Lee pt:Geddy Lee ro:Geddy Lee ru:Гедди Ли simple:Geddy Lee fi:Geddy Lee sv:Geddy Lee

name	Ron Sexsmith
landscape	yes
background	solo_singer
birth name	Ronald Eldon Sexsmith
born	January 08, 1964St. Catharines, OntarioCanada
instrument	Vocals, guitar, piano
genre	Pop, folk
occupation	Musician, Songwriter
years active	1978–present
label	Warner Bros.
associated acts	The UncoolThe Kelele Brothers
website	www.ronsexsmith.com
notable instruments	}}

Ronald Eldon “Ron” Sexsmith (born 8 January 1964) is a Canadian singer-songwriter from St. Catharines, Ontario, currently based in Toronto. He started his own band when he was fourteen years old, and released the first recordings of his own material seven years later, in 1985. Some of the same artists who inspired Sexsmith—Paul McCartney, Elvis Costello, Ray Davies and John Hiatt—are now people whose praise he has won.

Sexsmith is the subject of a 2010 documentary, ''Love Shines''.

Biography

Early career

Sexsmith was seventeen when he started playing at a bar, the Lion's Tavern, in his hometown. He would gain a reputation as "The One-Man Jukebox" for his aptitude for playing requests. However, four to five years of this led him to play original songs and more obscure music his audience did not favour.

He decided to start writing songs after the birth of his first child, Christopher, in 1985. He moved to Toronto, formed a band called The Uncool, and released a cassette, ''Out of the Duff''. A year later, he released ''There’s a Way''. Next came the birth of his second child, Evelyne, in 1989.

Meanwhile, he worked as a courier, and released ''Grand Opera Lane'' in 1991. On the strength of this album, and the attention garnered by the song "Speaking with the Angels", Sexsmith earned a contract which led to his self-titled album in 1995. The album received wider attention when it was praised by Elvis Costello, for whom Sexsmith later opened.

Increased success and recognition

Between 1997 and 2001, Sexsmith released three more albums before the acclaimed ''Cobblestone Runway'' in 2002. ''Retriever'', his next album, is a more pop-oriented album and is dedicated to Elliott Smith and Johnny Cash. In 2004, he performed at the RuhrTriennale in the concert series Century of Song hosted by Grammy Award-winner Bill Frisell.

On 1 May 2001, Sexsmith performed "Just My Heart Talkin'" on the BBC's ''Later with Jools Holland'' musical showcase, alongside R.E.M., Orbital, India.Arie, and Clearlake. Holland backed him on piano. It was his second appearance on the show. He continued to grow in popularity, and began to have some radio success, particularly on Canadian adult oriented radio.

In 2002, Sexsmith recorded a cover version of "This is Where I Belong", it being the title track for a tribute album of the same name , subtitled 'The songs of Ray Davies and the Kinks', and including contributions from Damon Albarn, Bebel Gilberto and Queens of the Stone Age, among others. About this recording, Ray Davies later wrote, "he has a great voice". On 16 June 2011 Ron and his band performed the song Misfits with Ray Davies at the Meltdown Festival in London, England.

The same year, he won a songwriter of the year Juno Award for "Whatever it Takes".

Sexsmith's most recent album is ''Long Player Late Bloomer'', released 1 March 2011.

Collaborations and covers

Sexsmith has collaborated with many artists. In 2006 he performed a duet of "So Long Marianne" with Leonard Cohen in Yorkville, Toronto. Sexmith sang in "An Elephant Insect" appearing on the 2003 Shonen Knife album Heavy Songs. In 2005, he released a collection of songs recorded with drummer Don Kerr during the production of ''Retriever'', called ''Destination Unknown''.The song "Gold in Them Hills" written by Sexsmith features vocals from Coldplay's Chris Martin. In addition to Martin, Sexsmith has a number of famous admirers, including Elvis Costello, Elton John, Paul McCartney, Steve Earle, and Sheryl Crow, many of whom have covered Sexsmith's songs. His song "Secret Heart" has been covered by Rod Stewart, Feist, and Nick Lowe. Sexsmith co-wrote "Brandy Alexander" with Feist. Versions appear on Sexsmith's Exit Strategy of the Soul, and on Feist's international hit album The Reminder. More recently, a version of Sexsmith's "Whatever It Takes" appeared on Michael Bublé's album ''Crazy Love''

In 2004, fellow Canadian singer song writer k.d. lang covered Ron's song "Fallen" on her album Hymns of The 49th Parallel. He also wrote the title song of Emmylou Harris' new album, 'Hard Bargain.'

On film

Ron Sexsmith is the subject of the film ''Love Shines'', directed by Douglas Arrowsmith and produced by Paperny Films. ''Love Shines'' premiered at the 2010 Vancouver International Film Festival on Friday, 8 October 2010.

Personal life

Sexsmith has two children with his ex-wife Jocelyne: a son, Christopher (born in 1985); and a daughter, Evelyne (born in 1989). Their fifteen-year marriage ended in 2001.

His partner, Colleen Hixenbaugh, is also a musician. She is a member of By Divine Right, half of the duo Jack and Ginger, and the duo Colleen and Paul with Paul Linklater.

Style

His first five albums are generally melancholic pop folk with elegant melodies, accentuated use of guitars and economic application of other instruments. On his sixth album, ''Cobblestone Runway'', producer Martin Terefe supplemented this style with, among other things, synthesizers, back-up singers, gospel choirs, and string sections. ''Retriever'' is considered his most pop-influenced album.

He has said, "...my main objective is to try and stay out of the way of the song. I want to write songs that are good whether I'm singing them or not."

Success

In a July 1999 interview, a ''Triste Magazine'' contributor said the following: "Every record seems to get great reviews, but then your sales don't ever really match." Sexsmith responded, Sexsmith has since had quite a bit of success on Canadian adult oriented radio.

Discography

Albums

1991: ''Grand Opera Lane'' (independent, produced by Bob Wiseman, with The Uncool)

1995: ''Ron Sexsmith'' (Interscope/Warner, produced by Mitchell Froom, ("there's a rhythm" produced by Daniel Lanois)

1997: ''Other Songs'' (Interscope/Warner)

1999: ''Whereabouts'' (Interscope/Warner)

2001: ''Blue Boy'' (produced by Steve Earle and Ray Kennedy)

2002: ''Cobblestone Runway'' (produced by Martin Terefe)

2003: ''Rarities''

2004: ''Retriever'' (Warner)

2005: ''Destination Unknown'' (V2, with Don Kerr, released as Sexsmith & Kerr)

2006: ''Time Being'' (Warner, also released in 2007 by Coppertree Records UK on 180g vinyl)

2008: ''Exit Strategy of the Soul'' (Yep Roc)

2011: ''Long Player Late Bloomer''

Other contributions

1999: ''Bleecker Street: Greenwich Village In The 60's'' - "Reason To Believe"

2002: ''This Is Where I Belong - The Songs of Ray Davies & The Kinks'' - "This Is Where I Belong"

2002: ''WYEP Live and Direct: Volume 4 - On Air Performances'' - "Just My Heart Talking"

2002: ''Maybe This Christmas'' - "Maybe This Christmas"

2003: ''Beautiful: A Tribute to Gordon Lightfoot'' - "Drifters"

2004: ''Beautiful Dreamer - The Songs of Stephen Foster - "Comrades Fill No Glass For Me"

2008: ''Northern Songs: Canada's Best and Brightest'' - "All in Good Time"

2008: ''Redeye 2008 Holiday Sampler'' - "Something To Hold On To (At Christmas)"

The Kelele Brothers

''Escape from Bover County'' (Gas Station Recordings)

''Has-Beens & Wives'' (Gas Station Recordings)

References

External links

Ron Sexsmith interview on CBC's ''The Hour''

Category:1964 births Category:Living people Category:Canadian pop singers Category:Canadian male singers Category:Canadian singer-songwriters Category:Canadian people of Scottish descent Category:Genie Award winners for Best Achievement in Music - Original Song Category:Juno Award winners Category:Musicians from the Niagara Region Category:Writers from Ontario Category:People from St. Catharines Category:Musicians from Toronto

de:Ron Sexsmith es:Ron Sexsmith fr:Ron Sexsmith nl:Ron Sexsmith sv:Ron Sexsmith

name	Justin Bieber
background	solo_singer
birth name	Justin Drew Bieber
birth date	March 01, 1994
birth place	London, Ontario, Canada
origin	Stratford, Ontario, Canada
instrument	Vocals, guitar, piano, percussion, trumpet
genre	Pop, R&B;, teen pop
occupation	Singer, musician, actor
years active	2009–present
label	Island, RBMG
associated acts	Usher
website	justinbiebermusic.com }}

Justin Drew Bieber ( , born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian pop/R&B; singer, songwriter and actor. Bieber was discovered in 2008 by Scooter Braun, who came across Bieber's videos on YouTube and later became his manager. Braun arranged for him to meet with Usher in Atlanta, Georgia, and Bieber was soon signed to Raymond Braun Media Group (RBMG), a joint venture between Braun and Usher, and then to a recording contract with Island Records offered by L.A. Reid. Bieber's debut single, "One Time", was released in 2009 and peaked in the top ten in Canada and charted in the top thirty in several international markets. His debut album, the seven-track EP ''My World'', followed in November 2009, and was soon certified platinum in the United States. He became the first artist to have seven songs from a debut album chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100.

Bieber's first full-length studio album, ''My World 2.0'', was released in March 2010. It debuted at number one or within the top ten in several countries and was certified platinum in the United States. It was preceded by the worldwide top-ten single, "Baby". The music video of "Baby" is currently ranked as the most viewed and most discussed YouTube video. Bieber followed-up the release of his debut album with his first headlining tour, the My World Tour, the remix albums ''My Worlds Acoustic'' and ''Never Say Never – The Remixes'', and the 3D biopic-concert film ''Justin Bieber: Never Say Never'' – which had an opening weekend gross that nearly matched the record for the biggest opening weekend for a concert-film. Bieber released his second studio album, ''Under the Mistletoe'' in November 2011, which debuted at number one on the ''Billboard'' 200. Bieber has received numerous awards, including Artist of the Year at the 2010 American Music Awards — and has been nominated for numerous awards, including Best New Artist and Best Pop Vocal Album at the 53rd Grammy Awards.

Life and career

1994–2007: Childhood and youth

Bieber was born on March 1, 1994, in London, Ontario, and was raised in Stratford, Ontario. Bieber's mother, Patricia Lynn "Pattie" Mallette, was 18 years old when she became pregnant with her son. Mallette, originally from Stratford, raised her son with the help of her parents, Bruce and Diane. Mallette worked a series of low-paying office jobs, raising Bieber as a single mother in low-income housing. Bieber has maintained contact with his father, Jeremy Jack Bieber, who married another woman and had two children. Bieber's paternal great-grandfather was a German immigrant to Canada. His mother's ancestry is French Canadian. Bieber attended French immersion school at Stratford school Jean Sauve.

During his childhood, Bieber was interested in hockey, soccer, and chess; he often kept his musical aspirations to himself. As he grew up, Bieber taught himself to play the piano, drums, guitar, and trumpet. In early 2007, when he was twelve, Bieber sang Ne-Yo's "So Sick" for a local singing competition in Stratford and placed second. Mallette posted a video of the performance on YouTube for their family and friends to see. She continued to upload videos of Bieber singing covers of various R&B; songs, and Bieber's popularity on the site grew. Chris Hicks, Bieber's A&R; at Island/Def Jam, explained the young artist's huge online following to HitQuarters by saying:

"He was doing something different. He was an attractive white kid singing very soulful R&B; hits. That set him apart immediately from anyone in his range because no one was covering or singing these kind of records. But equally important was that you believed in these songs – it was real. And you wanted to hear more."

2008–09: Discovery and ''My World''

While searching for videos of a different singer, Scooter Braun, a former marketing executive of So So Def, clicked on one of Bieber's 2007 videos by accident. Impressed, Braun tracked down the theater Bieber was performing in, located Bieber's school, and finally contacted Mallette. Mallette was reluctant because of Braun's Jewish religion; she remembered praying, "God, I gave him to you. You could send me a Christian man, a Christian label! ... you don’t want this Jewish kid to be Justin’s man, do you?" However, after praying with her church elders and receiving their encouragement, she permitted Braun to fly Bieber, then 13, to Atlanta, Georgia, to record demo tapes. A week after arriving, Bieber sang for R&B; singer/songwriter Usher. Bieber was soon signed to Raymond Braun Media Group (RBMG), a joint venture between Braun and Usher. Justin Timberlake was also reportedly in the running to sign Bieber, but lost the bidding war to Usher. Usher then sought assistance in finding a label home for the artist from then manager Chris Hicks, who helped engineer an audition with his contact Antonio L.A. Reid of Island Def Jam Music Group. Reid signed Bieber to Island Records in October 2008 (resulting in a joint venture between RBMG and Island Records) and appointed Hicks as executive Vice-President of Def Jam where he would be able manage Bieber's career at the label. At that point, Bieber and his mother moved to Atlanta temporarily, also the home of Usher and Braun, to record and get counseling from Braun. Braun became Bieber's manager.

Bieber's first single, "One Time", was released to radio while Bieber was still recording his debut album. The song reached number 12 on the Canadian Hot 100 during its first week of release in July 2009, and later peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100. During fall 2009 it had success in international markets. The song was certified Platinum in Canada and the US and Gold in Australia and New Zealand. Bieber's first release, an extended play entitled ''My World'', was released on November 17, 2009. The album's second single, "One Less Lonely Girl", and two promo singles, "Love Me", and "Favorite Girl", were released exclusively on the iTunes store and charted within the top forty of the Billboard Hot 100. "One Less Lonely Girl" was later also released to radio and peaked within the top fifteen in Canada and the US, being certified Gold in the latter. ''My World'' was eventually certified Platinum in the US and Double Platinum in both Canada and the UK. To promote the album, Bieber performed on several live shows such as mtvU's VMA 09 Tour, European program ''The Dome'', YTV's ''The Next Star'', ''The Today Show'', ''The Wendy Williams Show'', ''Lopez Tonight'', ''The Ellen DeGeneres Show'', ''It's On with Alexa Chung'', ''Good Morning America'', ''Chelsea Lately'', and BET's ''106 & Park'' with Rihanna. Bieber also guest starred in an episode of ''True Jackson, VP'' in late 2009.

Bieber performed Stevie Wonder's "Someday at Christmas" for U.S. President Barack Obama and first lady Michelle Obama at the White House for ''Christmas in Washington'', which was broadcast on December 20, 2009, on U.S. television broadcaster TNT. Bieber was also one of the performers at Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest on December 31, 2009. Bieber was a presenter at the 52nd Grammy Awards on January 31, 2010. He was invited to be a vocalist for the remake of We Are The World (a song written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie) for its 25th anniversary to benefit Haiti after the earthquake. Bieber sings the opening line, which was sung by Lionel Richie in the original version. On March 12, 2010, a version of K'naan's "Wavin' Flag" recorded by a collective of Canadian musicians known as Young Artists for Haiti was released. Bieber is featured in the song, performing the closing lines.

2010: ''My World 2.0'' and continued success

"Baby", the lead single from his debut album, ''My World 2.0'', which features Ludacris, was released in January 2010 and became his biggest hit thus far, charting at number five in the U.S. and reaching the top ten in seven other countries. Two promo singles "Never Let You Go", and "U Smile" were top thirty hits on the U.S. Hot 100, and top twenty hits in Canada. According to review aggregator Metacritic, the album has received "generally favorable reviews". It debuted at number one on the U.S. ''Billboard'' 200, making Bieber the youngest solo male act to top the chart since Stevie Wonder in 1963. ''My World 2.0'' also debuted at number one on the Canadian Albums Chart, Irish Albums Chart, and Australian Albums Chart, and the New Zealand Albums Chart and reached the top ten of fifteen other countries. To promote the album, Bieber appeared on several live programs including ''The View'', the 2010 Kids Choice Awards, ''Nightline'', ''The Late Show with David Letterman'', ''The Dome'' and ''106 and Park''. Bieber collaborated with Sean Kingston on his single "Eenie Meenie" which also appeared on Bieber's debut album. The song reached the top ten in the United Kingdom and Australia, and the top-twenty of most other markets. thumb|left|Bieber performing at the Conseco Fieldhouse, in August 2010 On April 10, 2010, Bieber was the musical guest on ''Saturday Night Live''. On July 4, 2010, Bieber performed at the Macy's Fourth of July Fireworks Spectacular in New York City. The second single from ''My World 2.0'', "Somebody to Love", was released in April 2010, and a remix was released featuring Bieber's mentor Usher. The single reached number ten in Canada, number fifteen in the United States, and the top twenty in multiple international countries.

On June 23, 2010, Bieber went on his first official headlining tour, the My World Tour, starting in Hartford, Connecticut, to promote ''My World'' and ''My World 2.0''. In July 2010, it was reported that Bieber was the most searched for celebrity on the Internet. That same month his music video, "Baby", surpassed Lady Gaga's "Bad Romance" to become the most viewed, and most disliked YouTube video ever. In September 2010, it was reported that Bieber accounted for three percent of all traffic on Twitter, according to an employee of the social-networking site.

Bieber began recording his second album in July 2010 in New York City. At this point, because of puberty, his voice was deeper than it was when he recorded his first album. In April 2010, the singer discussing his vocals remarked, "It cracks. Like every teenage boy, I'm dealing with it and I have the best vocal coach in the world. [...] Some of the notes I hit on "Baby" I can't hit anymore. We have to lower the key when I sing live." British singer/songwriter Taio Cruz confirmed in July 2010 that he is writing songs for Bieber's next album. Hip hop producer Dr. Dre produced two songs with Bieber in July 2010 but it is unknown if they were made for the album, which is currently due for a 2011 release. Bieber guest-starred in the season premiere of the CBS crime drama ''CSI: Crime Scene Investigation'', aired on September 23, 2010. He played a "troubled teen who is faced with a difficult decision regarding his only brother", who is also a serial bomber. Bieber was also in a subsequent episode which aired on February 17, 2011, in which his character is killed. Bieber performed a medley of "U Smile", "Baby", and "Somebody to Love" and briefly played the drums at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards on September 12, 2010. Bieber announced in October 2010 that he would release an acoustic album, called ''My Worlds Acoustic''. It was released on Black Friday in the United States and featured acoustic versions of songs from his previous albums, and accompanied the release of a completely new song titled "Pray".

2011–present: ''Never Say Never'' film, ''Under the Mistletoe'' and ''Believe''

A 3-D part-biopic, part-concert film starring Bieber entitled ''Justin Bieber: Never Say Never'', was released on February 11, 2011, directed by ''Step Up 3D'' director Jon Chu. It topped the box office with an estimated grossing of $12.4 million on its opening day from 3,105 theaters. It grossed $30.3 million for the weekend and was narrowly beaten by the romantic comedy ''Just Go With It'', which grossed $31 million. ''Never Say Never'' is said to have exceeded industry expectations, nearly matching the $31.1 million grossed by Miley Cyrus's 2008 3-D concert film, Hannah Montana & Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert, which holds the record for the top debut for a music-documentary. The film is accompanied by his second remix album, ''Never Say Never – The Remixes'', released February 14, 2011, and features remixes of songs from his debut album, with guest appearances from Miley Cyrus, Chris Brown, and Kanye West, among others.

On February 27, 2011, Bieber attended the 2011 Vanity Fair Oscar Party with American actress and singer Selena Gomez, confirming several months of media speculation about a romantic relationship between the pair.

In June 2011, Bieber was ranked number 2 on the Forbes list of Best-Paid Celebrities under 30. He is the youngest star and 1 of 7 musicians on the list raking in with $53 million earned in a 12 month period. On November 1, 2011, Bieber released ''Under the Mistletoe'', his second studio album. It debuted at number one on the ''Billboard'' 200, selling 210,000 copies in its first week of release. Bieber is currently recording his third studio album entitled ''Believe''. Kanye West and Drake are confirmed to be featured on the album.

Image

''The Observer'' newspaper in the UK published a report indicating that Justin Bieber is more influential in the social networking sphere than Barack Obama or The Dalai Lama. According to Jan Hoffman of ''The New York Times'', part of Bieber's appeal stems from his YouTube channel. Long before he released his EP, ''My World'', in mid-November, the YouTube videos attracted millions of views. Braun recognized the appeal. Prior to flying him to Atlanta, Braun wanted to "build him up more on YouTube first" and had Bieber record more home videos for the channel. "I said: 'Justin, sing like there’s no one in the room. But let's not use expensive cameras.' We'll give it to kids, let them do the work, so that they feel like it's theirs", recalled Braun. Bieber continues to upload videos to the same channel and has opened a Twitter account, from which he interacts with fans regularly; his account was reported in November 2010 to have over 6 million followers. Since then he has been consistently gaining followers at an average of 24,000 per day. The accounts also serve marketing purposes; for example, Bieber's music video for "One Time" only began selling quickly after it was uploaded to YouTube. Usher comments that while he and Bieber were both signed at the same age, "I had the chance to ramp up my success, where this has happened to Bieber abruptly." As a result, Usher, Braun, Bieber's bodyguard Kenny, and other adults surrounding Bieber constantly coach him on handling fame and his public image. After signing Bieber, Usher appointed one of his former assistants, Ryan Good, to be Bieber's road manager and stylist. Good, once nicknamed Bieber's "swagger coach", created a "streetwise look" for the singer which consisted of baseball caps, hoodies, dog chains and flashy sneakers. Amy Kaufman of ''The Los Angeles Times'' comments, "Though a product of a middle-class suburban upbringing in Stratford, Ontario, Bieber's manner of dress and speech ("Wassup man, how you doin'?" or "It's like, you know, whateva' ") suggest he's mimicking his favorite rappers."

Bieber is often featured in teen magazines such as ''Tiger Beat'', and has been labeled as a "teen hearthrob". Bieber has released a collection of nail varnishes to raise awareness for charity. Wax statues of Bieber are on display at Madame Tussauds wax museums in New York, Amsterdam and London. His change of hairstyle in 2010, and the consequent alterations to Bieber products, led to it being called 'the most expensive musical haircut of all time; one company spent $100,000 to fix its dolls for the 2011 Christmas season.

Bieber has been criticized for looking and sounding younger than his age, his teen-pop music, image, and frequent media attention. He has been a frequent target of Internet bloggers and message board posters, notably by users of Internet message board 4chan and users of YouTube. Nick Collins of ''The Daily Telegraph'' speculated that "Bieber's character also appears to strike a particularly sour note with his Internet critics, with many remarks commenting on his youthful appearance, his teen-pop songs, his image as a heart-throb to young teenage girls and his manner of speech".

Personal views

Bieber is a Christian, and said he has a relationship with Jesus, talks to him and that "he's the reason I'm here".

Bieber's comments in a February 2011 profile in ''Rolling Stone'' sparked controversy. Asked whether a person should wait until marriage to have sex, Bieber responded, "I don't think you should have sex with anyone unless you love them." Asked about his opinion on abortion, Bieber said he does not "believe in abortion" and that it is "like killing a baby". When asked about abortion in cases of rape, he said, "Well, I think that's really sad, but everything happens for a reason. I don't know how that would be a reason. I guess I haven't been in that position, so I wouldn't be able to judge that." In the same interview, Bieber talked about homosexuality, stating that "It's everyone's own decision to do that. It doesn’t affect me and shouldn't affect anyone else", and ''Rolling Stone'' commented, "It is not clear whether he intended to label homosexuality as a lifestyle choice." However, Bieber has also contributed to the It Gets Better Project, a project started in response to the suicide of Billy Lucas, a teenager who was the target of anti-gay bullying.

Bieber has said he is not interested in obtaining United States citizenship, praising Canada as being "the best country in the world", citing its health care system as an example.

Discography

''My World 2.0'' (2010)

''Under the Mistletoe'' (2011)

''Believe'' (2012)

Tours

2009: Urban Behavior Tour

2010–2011: My World Tour

Filmography

rowspan="4" ''Extreme Makeover: Home Edition'' Himself

Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
rowspan="2"	2009	''True Jackson, VP''	>rowspan="3"| Guest star
''My Date With...''
	Silent Library (MTV series)>Silent Library''
''School Gyrls (film)	School Gyrls''	Cameo
''Saturday Night Live''
''CSI: Crime Scene Investigation''	Jason McCann
''Hubworld''	Guest star
''The X Factor (UK)''	Performer
rowspan="9"	2011	|	Guest star
''CSI: Crime Scene Investigation''	Jason McCann
''Khloé & Lamar''	|Episode:The Father In Law (uncredited) Himself playing the NBA Celebrity All Star Game
''Saturday Night Live''
''Justin Bieber: Never Say Never''	Himself
''Dancing With The Stars''	Guest star
''So Random!''	Himself
''Disney Parks Christmas Day Parade''	Guest star
''The X Factor (UK)''	Performer

Awards and nominations

References

Further reading

External links

Category:1994 births Category:Canadian child singers Category:Canadian Christians Category:Canadian dance musicians Category:Canadian expatriate musicians in the United States Category:Canadian Internet personalities Category:Canadian male singers Category:Canadian people of French descent Category:Canadian people of German descent Category:Canadian pop singers Category:Canadian rhythm and blues singers Category:Child pop musicians Category:Hip hop singers Category:Island Records artists Category:Musicians from Ontario Category:People from Stratford, Ontario Category:Living people

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