Coordinates: 42°22′51″N 71°06′37″W / 42.380755°N 71.110256°W / 42.380755; -71.110256

The House of the Academy, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (American Academy) is one of the oldest and most prestigious honorary societies and a leading center for independent policy research in the United States. Election to the Academy is considered one of the nation’s highest honors since its founding during the American Revolution by John Adams, John Hancock, James Bowdoin and other scholar-patriots who contributed prominently to the establishment of the new nation, its government, and its Constitution.^[1]

Today the Academy is with a dual function: to elect to membership finest minds and most influential leaders, drawn from science, scholarship, business, public affairs, and the arts, from each generation, and to conduct policy studies in response to the needs of society. Major Academy projects now have focused on higher education and research, humanities and cultural studies, scientific and technological advances, politics, population and the environment, and the welfare of children. Dædalus, the Academy’s quarterly journal, is widely regarded as one of the world's leading intellectual journals.^[2]

The Academy is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Overview[link]

The Academy was established by Massachusetts legislature on 4 May 1780. Its purpose, as described in its Charter of Incorporation, is "to cultivate every art and science which may tend to advance the interest, honor, dignity, and happiness of a free, independent, and virtuous people."^[3] The sixty-two incorporating fellows represented varying interests and high standing in the political, professional, and commercial sectors of the state. The first class of new members, chosen by the Academy in 1781, included Benjamin Franklin and George Washington as well as several foreign honorary members. The initial volume of Academy Memoirs appeared in 1785, and the Proceedings followed in 1846. In the 1950s the Academy launched its journal Daedalus, reflecting its commitment to a broader intellectual and socially-oriented program.^[4]

The Academy has sponsored a number of awards throughout its history. Its first award, established in 1796 by Benjamin Thompson (Count Rumford), honored distinguished work on "heat and light" and provided support for research activities. Additional prizes recognized important contributions in the sciences, social sciences, and humanities. In 2000, a scholar-patriot award was inaugurated to honor individuals who have made significant contributions to the work of the Academy and whose lives exemplify the founders' vision of service to society.

Since the second half of the twentieth century, policy research has become a central focus of the Academy. In the late 1950s, arms control emerged as a signature concern of the Academy. The Academy also served as the catalyst in establishing the National Humanities Center in North Carolina. In the late 1990s, the Academy developed a new strategic plan, focusing on four major areas: science, technology, and global security; social policy and education; humanities and culture; and education. In 2002, the Academy established a visiting scholars program in association with Harvard University. Now a group of 54 academic institutions from across the country have become university affiliates of the Academy to support this program.^[5]

Membership[link]

Founding members[link]

Charter members of the Academy are Samuel Adams, John Adams, John Bacon, James Bowdoin, Charles Chauncy, John Clark^{[disambiguation needed ]}, David Cobb, Samuel Cooper, Thomas Cushing, Nathan Cushing, William Cushing, Tristram Dalton, Francis Dana, Samuel Deane, Perez Fobes, Caleb Gannett, Henry Gardner, Benjamin Guild, John Hancock, Joseph Hawley^{[disambiguation needed ]}, Edward Augustus Holyoke, Ebenezer Hunt, Jonathan Jackson^{[disambiguation needed ]}, Charles Jarvis^{[disambiguation needed ]}, Samuel Langdon, Levi Lincoln^{[disambiguation needed ]}, Daniel Little, Elijah Lothrup, John Lowell, Samuel Mather, Samuel Moody, Andrew Oliver, Joseph Orne, Theodore Parsons, George Partridge, Robert Treat Paine, Phillips Payson, Samuel Phillips^{[disambiguation needed ]}, Jr., John Pickering, Oliver Prescott, Zedekiah Sanger, Nathaniel Peaslee Sargeant, Micajah Sawyer, Theodore Sedgwick, William Sever, Stephen Sewall, David Sewall, John Sprague, Ebenezer Storer, Caleb Strong, James Sullivan^{[disambiguation needed ]}, John Bernard Sweat, Nathaniel Tracy, Cotton Tufts, James Warren^{[disambiguation needed ]}, Samuel West, Edward Wigglesworth, Joseph Willard, Samuel Williams, Abraham Williams, Nehemiah Williams, and James Winthrop.

Members[link]

From the beginning, the membership, nominated and elected by peers, has included not only scientists and scholars but also writers and artists as well as representatives from the full range of professions and public life. Throughout the Academy’s history, 10,000 fellows have been elected, including such notables as John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, John James Audubon, Joseph Henry, Washington Irving, Josiah Willard Gibbs, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Willa Cather, T. S. Eliot, Edward R. Murrow, Jonas Salk, Eudora Welty, and Duke Ellington. Foreign honorary members have included Leonhard Euler, Marquis de Lafayette, Alexander von Humboldt, Leopold von Ranke, Charles Darwin, Jawaharlal Nehru, Werner Heisenberg, and Alec Guinness. Astronomer Maria Mitchell was the first woman to be elected to the Academy, in 1848. The current membership encompasses over 4,000 fellows and foreign honorary members on the roster, including more than 250 Nobel laureates and more than 60 Pulitzer Prize winners.^[6]

Classes and sections[link]

The current membership is divided into five classes and twenty-four sections.^[7]

Class I – Mathematical and Physical Sciences

• Section 1. Mathematics
• Section 2. Physics
• Section 3. Chemistry
• Section 4. Astronomy (including Astrophysics) and Earth Science
• Section 5. Engineering Sciences and Technologies
• Section 6. Computer Sciences (including Artificial Intelligence and Information Technologies)

Class II – Biological Sciences

• Section 1. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
• Section 2. Cellular and Developmental Biology, Microbiology and Immunology (including Genetics)
• Section 3. Neurosciences, Cognitive Sciences, and Behavioral Biology
• Section 4. Evolutionary and Population Biology and Ecology
• Section 5. Medical Sciences (including Physiology and Pharmacology), Clinical Medicine, and Public Health

Class III – Social Sciences

• Section 1. Social and Developmental Psychology and Education
• Section 2. Economics
• Section 3. Political Science, International Relations, and Public Policy
• Section 4. Law (including the Practice of Law)
• Section 5. Archaeology, Anthropology, Sociology, Geography and Demography

Class IV – Arts and Humanities

• Section 1. Philosophy and Religious Studies
• Section 2. History
• Section 3. Literary Criticism (including Philology)
• Section 4. Literature (Fiction, Poetry, Short Stories, Nonfiction, Playwriting, Screenwriting)
• Section 5. Visual Arts and Performing Arts

Class V – Public affairs, business, and administration

• Section 1. Public Affairs, Journalism, and Communications
• Section 2. Business, Corporate and Philanthropic Leadership
• Section 3. Educational, Scientific, Cultural and Philanthropic Administration

Presidents, 1791-present[link]

Activities[link]

The Academy carries out nonpartisan policy research by bringing together scientists, scholars, artists, policymakers, business leaders, and other experts to make multidisciplinary analyses of complex social, political, and intellectual topics. The Committee on Studies is responsible for reviewing and approving all studies undertaken in the name of the Academy and helping to identify proposed studies that will make optimum use of Academy expertise and resources. The Committee on Studies works closely with the Committee on Publications to ensure that Academy project reports and publications enhance the stature of the institution and the visibility of its intellectual contributions to the scholarly and policy communities and to the public at large.

Projects[link]

The Academy's four major program areas are:

• Science, Technology, and Global Security: Explore how the international community can devise new cooperative structures to improve global security, analyzes the impact of rapid developments in science and technology, and develops policies to govern these transformations.

• Social Policy and American Institutions: Carry out studies that focus on American institutions at the crossroads, particularly the government and the corporation.

• Humanities and Culture: Enhance public understanding of the value and role of the humanities in American life and create new resources to inform coherent policy analyses relative to the humanities.

• Education: Deal with education at all levels—from primary and secondary education to teaching and research at the university level.

Research fellowship programs[link]

Visiting Scholars Program: An interdisciplinary research fellowship housed at the headquarter of the Academy in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with a purpose is to stimulate and support scholarly work by promising scholars and practitioners in the early stages of their careers and to foster exchange between an emerging generation of scholars and Academy members with shared interests.

Hellman Fellowship in Science and Technology Policy: A research fellowship for early-career professional with training in science or engineering who is interested in transitioning to a career in public policy and administration. While in residence at the headquarter of the Academy, the Hellman Fellow will work with senior scientists and policy experts on critical national and international policy issues related to science, engineering, and technology.

Awards[link]

• Scholar-Patriot Award

This award, founded in 2000, recognizes the extraordinary contributions of individuals who share the commitment of the Academy's founders, a group of patriots who devoted their lives to promoting the arts and sciences in service to the nation.

• Founders Award

Established in the 225th anniversary year of the Academy, this award honors men, women and institutions that have advanced the ideals of the founders of the Academy. Recipients embody the spirit of the founders - a commitment to intellectual inquiry, leadership and active engagement.

• Amory Prize

Given since 1940, this prize recognizes major contributions to reproductive biology. It is supported by an endowment fund established by Mr. Francis Amory.

• Emerson-Thoreau Medal

The Emerson-Thoreau Medal was established in 1958 to give special recognition to distinguished achievement in the broad field of literature. Given at the discretion of the Council of the Academy on the recommendation of a nominating committee, the prize is awarded to a person for his or her total literary achievement rather than for a specific work.

• Award for Humanistic Studies

The American Academy Award for Humanistic Studies was established in 1975 by the Council of the Academy in an attempt to ensure that superior humanistic scholarship, despite its lower visibility to the general reading public, receives appropriate recognition. The Humanities Award complements the Emerson-Thoreau Medal for achievement in literature. Both awards are administered by a single committee of seven members of the Academy.

• Rumford Prize

Established in 1839, this is one of the oldest scientific prizes in the United States. This prize recognizes contributions to the fields of heat and light, broadly interpreted. The award now consists of a silver-and-gold medal. The endowment was created by a bequest to the Academy from Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford, in 1796.

• Talcott Parsons Prize

First awarded in 1974, this prize was established to honor the noted sociologist and former president of the Academy and is awarded for contributions to the social sciences (broadly defined). An effort is made to rotate the prize among the various social science disciplines, including law, history, and linguistics.

• Poetry Prize in Honor of May Sarton

Presented for the first time in 2008, this prize recognizes emerging poets of exceptional promise and distinguished achievement. It was established to honor the memory of longtime Academy Fellow May Sarton, a poet, novelist, and teacher who during her career encouraged the work of young poets.

National Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences[link]

In 2011, a bipartisan group of Members of the United States Senate and House of Representatives called on the Academy to organize a national committee, prepare a report, and recommend concrete, actionable steps to ensure the nation’s excellence in the humanities and the social sciences.

At the request of the Congress, the Academy has created the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences to claim a space in the national dialogue for the humanities and the social sciences and to recommend specific steps that government, schools and universities, cultural institutions, businesses, and philanthropies can take to support and strengthen these areas of knowledge.^[8]

See also[link]

• American Philosophical Society
• Institute of Medicine
• National Academy of Engineering
• National Academy of Sciences

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: American Academy of Arts and Sciences

• Official website
• The Current Membership

References[link]

This article about a United States arts organization is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009)

The American Academy of Arts is an independent, non-profit film school located in Escondido, California. It specializes in visual and digital media arts education and is staffed by working Hollywood and independent film professionals. As part of its program it conducts a 9 day Indie Filmmaker's Bootcamp which using digital film equipment teaches how to make a film from conception to marketing and its distribution.

This article about a United States arts organization is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Steven Henry Strogatz /ˈstroʊɡæts/ (born August 13, 1959, Torrington, Connecticut) is an American mathematician and the Jacob Gould Schurman Professor of Applied Mathematics at Cornell University. ^[1][2] He is known for his contributions to the study of synchronization in dynamical systems, and for his work in a variety of areas of applied mathematics, including mathematical biology and complex network theory.

In particular, his 1998 Nature paper with Duncan Watts, entitled "Collective dynamics of small-world networks",^[3] is widely regarded as a seminal contribution to the interdisciplinary field of complex networks, whose applications reach from graph theory and statistical physics to sociology, business, epidemiology, and neuroscience. As one measure of its importance, it was the most highly cited article about networks between 1998 and 2008, and the sixth most highly cited paper in all of physics.^[4]

Strogatz's writing includes the 1994 textbook Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos, two popular books, and frequent newspaper articles. His most recent book, published in 2009, was The Calculus of Friendship, called "a genuine tearjerker"^[5] and "part biography, part autobiography and part off-the-beaten-path guide to calculus".^[6] His trade book Sync was chosen as a Best Book of 2003 by Discover Magazine.^[7] Strogatz also filmed a series of lectures on chaos theory for the Teaching Company, released in 2008,^[8] and, in late January 2010, Strogatz began writing a weekly column on mathematics in The New York Times.^[9] These columns, along with many others penned by Strogatz, will appear in a book slated for release in 2012.^[10] The New York Times columns have been described as "must reads for entrepreneurs and executives who grasp that mathematics is now the lingua franca of serious business analysis."^[11]

Career and recognition[link]

Strogatz attended the Loomis Chaffee School (1972–1976) and graduated summa cum laude with a B.A. in mathematics from Princeton University in 1980. He was a Marshall Scholar at Trinity College, Cambridge from 1980–1982, and then received a PhD in applied mathematics from Harvard University in 1986 for his research on the dynamics of the human sleep-wake cycle. After spending three years as a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow at Harvard and Boston University, Strogatz joined the faculty of the Department of Mathematics at MIT in 1989. His research on dynamical systems was recognized with a Presidential Young Investigator Award from the National Science Foundation in 1990. In 1994 he moved to Cornell where he is the Jacob Gould Schurman Professor^[12] of Applied Mathematics, as well as a Professor of Mathematics and of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering. He is a Fellow of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics^[13] and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.^[14]

Strogatz has been lauded for his ability as a teacher and communicator. In 1991 he was honored with the E.M. Baker Memorial Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching, MIT's only institute-wide teaching award selected and awarded solely by students. He has also won several teaching awards from Cornell's College of Engineering, including the Tau Beta Pi Excellence in Teaching Award (2006), given to a faculty member selected by engineering students for exemplary teaching. At the national level, Strogatz received the JPBM Communications Award in 2007.^[15] Presented annually, this award recognizes outstanding achievement in communicating about mathematics to nonmathematicians. The JPBM represents the American Mathematical Society, the American Statistical Association, the Mathematical Association of America, and the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.

Strogatz was selected to be the 2009 Rouse Ball Lecturer at Cambridge^[16] and a MIT Mathematics 2011 Simons lecturer.^[17]

Selected publications[link]

Papers[link]

• Strogatz, S. H. (2001). "Exploring complex networks". Nature 410 (6825): 268–276. DOI:10.1038/35065725. PMID 11258382.  edit
• Mirollo, R. E.; Strogatz, S. H. (1990). "Synchronization of Pulse-Coupled Biological Oscillators". SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics 50 (6): 1645. DOI:10.1137/0150098.  edit
• Strogatz, S. (2000). "From Kuramoto to Crawford: Exploring the onset of synchronization in populations of coupled oscillators". Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena 143: 1–20. DOI:10.1016/S0167-2789(00)00094-4.  edit

Books[link]

• Strogatz, Steven H (2009). The calculus of friendship : what a teacher and a student learned about life while corresponding about math. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13493-2. OCLC 276274618. 
• Strogatz, Steven (2003). Sync : the emerging science of spontaneous order. Hyperion. ISBN 978-0-7868-6844-5. OCLC 50511177. 
• Strogatz, Steven (1994). Nonlinear dynamics and chaos : with applications to physics, biology, chemistry, and engineering. Perseus Books. ISBN 978-0-201-54344-5. OCLC 42140115. 

Courses[link]

• Strogatz, Steven H. (2008). Chaos. The Teaching Company. ISBN 978-1-59803-450-9. OCLC 262464884. 

Dissertation[link]

• Strogatz, Steven H (1986). The mathematical structure of the human sleep-wake cycle. Springer. ISBN 0-387-17176-2. OCLC 14719088. 

References[link]

External links[link]

• Profile Edge
• Video trailer for The Calculus of Friendship
• Radio show "Numbers" on New York Public Radio's "Radiolab"
• Steven Strogatz' TEDTalk on TED.com
• Conversation with Carlo Ratti in Seed Magazine
• Interview in newsletter of the American Physical Society

Robert L. Gallucci (born February 11, 1946) is an Italian American academic and diplomat, who currently works as President of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. He previously served as Dean of the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University from 1996 to June 2009. Before his appointment in 1996 he was employed for 21 years by various governmental and international agencies, including the Department of State and the United Nations.

Early life and education[link]

Gallucci was born in Brooklyn, New York. He attended the State University of New York at Stony Brook for his undergraduate studies, later earning his master's degree and doctorate in politics from Brandeis University. After his post-graduate studies, he taught at Swarthmore College, Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University and Georgetown University. He has received fellowships from the Council on Foreign Relations, the International Institute for Strategic Studies, Harvard University, and the Brookings Institution.

Career[link]

Gallucci left the world of academia in 1974 and went on to hold various positions relating to international affairs. He first found employment at the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. Four years later, he became a division chief in the Department of State's Bureau of Intelligence and Research. Between 1979 to 1981, he was a member of the Secretary's policy planning staff. He then served as an office director in both the Bureau of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs and in the Bureau of Political-Military Affairs for a year each.

Ten years after beginning his foreign affairs career, he left Washington, D.C., to serve as the Deputy Director General of the Multinational Force and Observers, the Sinai peacekeeping force headquartered in Rome. He returned in 1988 to join the faculty of the National War College, where he taught for three years. In April 1991 he moved to New York to take up an appointment as the Deputy Executive Chairman of the United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) overseeing the disarmament of Iraq. He returned again to Washington in 1992 to join the Office of the Deputy Secretary as the Senior Coordinator responsible for nonproliferation and nuclear safety initiatives in the former Soviet Union. In July of the same year his appointment as the Assistant Secretary of State for Political-Military Affairs was confirmed. During the North Korean nuclear crisis of 1994, Gallucci was the chief U.S. negotiator. He also has served as an Ambassador-at-Large with the Department of State since August 1994.

Gallucci returned to Georgetown University as Dean of the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service on May 1, 1996. In March 1998, the Department of State appointed him as Special Envoy to deal with the threat posed by the proliferation of ballistic missiles and weapons of mass destruction, a position which he held until January 2001. As a dean at Georgetown University, Gallucci recommended conservative Douglas J. Feith to a 2-year faculty position which Feith occupied in the fall of 2006, a move which generated protests from some liberal faculty and students.

External links[link]

• MacArthur Foundation profile
• "New Leader for MacArthur Foundation", New York Times, March 10, 2009.
• "Gallucci Looks Back" (Transcript), PBS Online NewsHour, May 8, 1996.
• Robert Gallucci, "Reflections on Establishing and Implementing the Post-Gulf War Inspections of Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction Programs". Address delivered at the Institute for Science and International Security, June 14 – June 15, 2001.
• Harry Kreisler, "U.S. Foreign Policy and Multilateral Negotiations: Conversation with Robert Gallucci," "Conversations with History," Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley, 2002.
• Going Critical: The First North Korean Nuclear Crisis with Joel S. Wit (Author), Daniel Poneman

Michael Rothschild (born August 2, 1942 in Chicago, Illinois, USA) is an American economist; he is visiting professor at the Department of Economics of the University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA) and a former dean at Princeton.

Education[link]

Rothschild holds a Bachelor of Arts in Anthropology from Reed College (1963), and a Master of Arts in International Relations from Yale University (1965). He earned his Doctor of Philosophy in Economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1969).

Academic career[link]

He was the William Stuart Tod Professor of Economics and Public Affairs at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. He was dean of the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University from 1995 through 2001. Rothschild has written on asymmetric information, decision-making under uncertainty, demography, investment, taxation, finance, and jury-decision processes.

He co-authored one of the most important papers in economics, Equilibrium in Competitive Insurance Markets: An Essay on the Economics of Imperfect Information,^[1] with Joseph Stiglitz. This paper gives the first systematic exposition of the problem of cherry picking when insurance companies compete for customers. In Increasing Risk I: A definition,^[2] Rothschild and Stiglitz introduced the important decision theory concept of the mean-preserving spread, which leads to a partial ordering of probability distributions according to degree of risk.
In 2001, the laureates of the Nobel Prize in Economics were George A. Akerlof, A. Michael Spence as well as J. E. Stiglitz "for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information". So one could say, Rothschild contributed to these prize.^[3][4]

External links[link]

• Official homepage at UCLA, CV
• Website at Princeton

References[link]

1. ^ M. Rothschild, J. E. Stiglitz: "Equilibrium in Competitive Insurance Markets: An Essay on the Economics of Imperfect Information", Quarterly Journal of Economics, 90, 1976, 629–649.
2. ^ M. Rothschild, J. E. Stiglitz: "Increasing risk I: A definition", Journal of Economic Theory, 1970, 225–243.
3. ^ Laureates of the Nobel Prize in Economics, J. E. Stiglitz, 1st paragraph.
4. ^ Advanced information on the 2001 Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (PDF file; 358 kB).

This biography of an American economist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e